AU IUDEPEUDEUT JOURtiAL OF PUDLIC AFFAIRS
EDITOR: D. M. KULKARNI l·lAKE ENGliSH THE LINGUA FRANCA OF INDIA ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION Rs. 6.00
Vol. XI No. 21 February 1, 1964
Page EDITORIAL: Paskistan's Perfidy And India's Pusillanimity 2
Right, Left, And Centre At Bhuvaneshwar 5 Bu 1\f. A. Venkata Rao -
Fcudul Cart Before The Socialist Horse 7 By l\f, N. Tholal
1ntcmatioit~l Chamber of Commerce 9 'By 1\torarii /. \'Qiyda
DELIII LETTER: The Kamaraj Curse 10 Pidurc of Nehru As a Communist 12 By /. M. Lobo PrabT!u
Book 1\evciw 13 The Mind of the Nation 14 Sews And \"icws u Dt·ar J.:Jitor 91 ...... -:;. . ,~ __ . \ .,I t EDITORIAL Pakistan's Perfidy
T was said of a certain Prime-Minister of England· PAKISTAN'S· PERFIDY I that he was a Conservative at home and a Liberal As for Pakistan Govern e t ·t · · "th I f d · t"fi t" "t ld m n • 1 IS 1eavmg no a b ro~.d · . WI equa or~e an JUS •1 ca ton, 1 cou stone unturned to worsen this communal situation in be sa1d an the same stram that Ind1a Government on - the lndo-Pak reg• n Born and b d · · · d · d 1· · h · · 10 · re an an atmos Its own _part, IS strong an stem m ~a ~ng_ w~t Its phere of illwill and hatred for India, it appears that own nationals at home and weak and t1m1d m Its re- the Pak-rulers cannot but ex lo't · "d · · h · · l'k Pak" d p 1 even an mc1 ent Iat•_ons Wit Its enemy countnes • e . •stan -~ like the theft of a 'Holy Hair' from a certain mosque Chma abroad. Our Government, while adhenng in Shrinaaar in Kashmir for ·nc·t· g M 1· · · tl t "t d f • d • · • • · _ . "' . , 1 1 m us •ms agamst s t n~ Y o I s cree . ~ peace a~ non Vlo.en~e 10 Hmdus. In gross VIolation of the Nehru-Liyaquat ~en ted. fro!D Gandhi, an face _of v1olent aggressiOn on Pact of 1950, the Pal< Newspapers even went to the 1ts temto~es by these e~em•es, seems. tl) h~ve least length of attributing the recent illness of Mr. Nehru c~'!'punctu;m to throw tt to. the wands 1':1 , dom- to his 'abominable sin' of abetting the theft of the cstJc atfatr~. !he ?~de.rs to. shoot. to k•ll. and sacred hair from the Mosque. They have simply no~ merdr to tmmob•hse the noters 10 ~~e City of held up to ridicu!e the sincere appeal made by Presi Ca.cutt~, Issued somedays back to the .m•htary _and dent Radhakrishnan to President Ayubkhan for issu the police. by the Bengal, Tripura has been pointed out to the Central Govern~ent' at and Assam. Delhi thr~ugh petitions and personal representations, that Pa~1stan Government has been systematically DRASTIC SOLUTIONS NECESSARY attemptmg to squeeze out the Hindu minority from ~oth cast and West Pakistan, by deliberately inflam Obviously, therefore, these ever-recurring com mg the communal passions of the Muslims against munal disturbances in Kashmir and Bengal have to the Hindus. Besides, it is a fact now too well-known be tackled at the very base and India Government that the Pakistan Government is abetting mass in will do well to go to the roots of these problems. filtration of Muslims into west Bengal, Tripura and On the Kashmir issue, the time has now come for Assam. After Rajshahi disturbances last year, in our Government to make up its mind once for all. East Pakistan, Mr. Nehru told the Parliament that It should decide either to completely integrate the the issue of Hindu minority in Pakistan would be Kashmir State with India if it is very serious about taken up shortly along with this problem of illegal its 'secularism' or to partition the State of Kashmir inftux of Pakistani Muslims into Indian territory. and Jammu between Pakistan and India on the same E\'en now after the recent Calcutta disturbances, Mr. lines on which Bengal and Punjab were partitioned Nanda the Home Minister has repeated the same as in 1947. As for the communal tangle in Bengal and surances. But these assurances as experience has the problem of illegal infiltration of Pak Muslims in shown, are ne,·er kept and are clean forgotten no to the Indian territory of West Bengal, Tripura and sooner than peace and order is temporarily restored Assam, the India Government should now take up in the disturbed areas through police and military a firm stand and in the first instance call upon the action. . and terrorisation . East Pakistan Government to stop this menace to 'Q_U·~.l~DI:\X LIRERT.\RI.\X 2 the Hindu population in Pakistan and the peace and better and more genuine stuff a~able in the security of West Bengal and Assam, within a definite market. period, by taking all the necessary steps suggested in the Nehru-Liyaquat Pact. of 1950. If the Pakistan ~ubl~c opinion ~-~i~h haile~ thi~ much needed Government fails to do so, then it will have proved modtficatlon of prohibttlon - ~-oltcy ~~posed on the the utter futility of an isolated Muslim area function- Bo?lbay State_ by Mr. Moral")t Desat, bas n~turally ing as a Pakistani pocket in the midst of the sur- · bemg scand_alised_ ~y the hasty re_treat wh1ch the rounding Indian territory. The India Government Bombay Chte.f Mtrust~~ ~as beaten m the face of_ a will then be justified even in helping and encouraging ba?'age of v_1olent cnttctsm of Sarvodaya fanatics those democratic and progressive forces in East ramed on this reform. Pakistan that are clamouring for a separate statehood Mr. Morarji is the arch-leader of this anti-social for East Pakistan. This bold stand of the Indian gang of _the so called Sarvodaya-vadis, who would not Government would be also a fitting rebuff to Ayub even mmd the law and order of the land bein" un khan and others who are instigating over all these dermined by the illicit liquor manufacturers and "trad years, the Kashmiris to rise in revolt against the ers. who are ~penly hand in glove with the corrupt Indian Government, in the name of self-determina pobce force, If only thereby their Sarvodaya eaoism tion and Islamic brotherhood. If a plebiscite is in and fool-hardiness could be satisfied. The loss ~f 400 sisted upon in Kashmir by President Ayubkhan, then crores of revenue to the country coupled with colos a similar demand for a plebiscite might be pressed sal . exp_enses !ncurred on the special prohibition by India in East Pakistan where a pretty large sec pohce IS nothing to these maniacs. One cannot but tion of Bengali Muslims is known to be in favour of be amused at the sight of Mr. Morarjibhai showing a separate statehood for East Bengal, if not in favour himself off as an expert on Sarvodaya of Gandhiji. of complete re-integration of that area with India. At ~huvaneshwar he showed what an ignoramus he The third alternative would be an exchange of was m the subjects of both Socialism and Gandhism Hindu and Muslim populations between East Bengal when he stupidly declared that Congress Socialism and West Bengal to be carried out in a definite num ~ould in _the end lead to Sarvodaya. Now be is beg ber of years, as was successfully done between Greece gmg of h1s countrymen to give him a last chance to and Bulgaria and between Turky and Greece after make prohibition a complete success within one year the First World War. as if the long years for which he bad been the Chief Minister of Bombay state were not enough for this The lndi.a ~overnment must now no longer be purpose. This expert on Sarvodayavad has been tried allowed to s1t t1ght over this communal tangle be on many a front such as that of the Central Finance tween India and Pakistan. It must be forced to face b?ldly _and squarely issues of Kashmir and Bengal, etther m a perfectil:IlY secular way which India pro f~sses to fol.low or m the manner in which the parti THE INDIAN LIBERTARIAN tu~n of _Indta was effected in 1947. Any more tink Independent ]ourruJl Of Free Economy and er.mg w1th these problems by the India Government . Public Affair~ Will surely spell utter ruination and disaster to the Edited by : D. lL ICulkam.i, B.A., LL.B. unfortuna.te Hindus ~ho are treated as hostages in East P!ik1stan and Wlll complicate still more the Published On the 1st and 15th Of Eacla 1\lonth Kas~m1r ~rob~em and further involve both India and Single Copy 2S Naye Paise Pak•st~n m mterminable communal conflicts and turmoils. Subscription Rates : • • • • · Annual Rs. 6; 3 $(U.S.A.); US. (U.IC.) THE "WISEST FOOLS" OF CONGRESSDOM ADVERTISEMENT RATES . .our warnings in these columns, to the Chief Full Page Rs. 100: Half Page Rs. 50: Quarter Page Rs. 25 One-eighth Page Rs. 15; One full column of a Page Rs. 50 ~mister of Bomb~y Mr. V. P. Naik against the com· bmed a~a~~ on h1m that might be directed both by BACK COVER...... Rs. 150 the Pro~tbltion cranks and bootleggers have come out SECO!':O COVER. • • • • • • Rs. 125 unha_Pplly to be too true. Morarji, Nanda and a host THIRD COVER •••.••••• JU. 125 of h1g?ly placed S_arvodaya fanatics have now come • ~des from readen and contributors are accepted. out w1th_ a down-nght denunciation of Mr. Naik, for Articles meant for publication should be typewritt~n anno~cmg a same and sound policy of his newl • and on one 5ide of the paper only. I c
3 February 1. 196-t Minister, Chief Minister etc. And it was found that more by' its political and religious hatred of Israel whiltever he had touched had been invariably turned than by considerations of equitable distribution of into nothing but mud and earth. All these facts prove the Jordan river waters. The Arab nations are com only one thing and that is, intellectualy Mr. Morarji plaining of unilateral diversion of the waters of the is perverse; morally, a crank; socially, a misanthrope. lake Tiberias by Israel. But they have nothing to say And therefore it is no wonder that people have now against the previous unilateral diversion of the waters come to look upon him as the 'wisest fool' of Con of the river Yarmuk by the kingdom of Jordan which gressdom. His latest statement on Prohibition doubly has resulted in increasing the salinity of the waters proves him to be so. of the Jordan river in its Southern-most reaches in Israel. This attempt of the Arabs to starve South The only person who could vie with him in Israel of its sweet waters which it badly requires for playing his role is Mr. Nanda the Home Minister, irrigating its lands and also for industrial purposes, who may be aptly styled as the Gandhian Commu is now sought to be offset by Israel by diverting nist. Strangely enough he has now raised the Bom southwards the waters of lake Teberias which wholly bay Government's stand on Pohibition to the level of lies within its national boundaries. This will enable an All India Issue, perhaps believing that Mr. Nehru Israel to utilise not more than 32 per cent of the lake who stands for 'democratic centralism' would sup waters. It will thus be seen that this project fits in port him if he did so. We do not know whether Mr. with the Johnston scheme. Nanda thinks that the autonomous rights conferred on the States by the Indian Constitution in certain But the Arabs are still hugging to their bosom matters should now be withdrawn. If so, it is time the dream of bringing about complete extinction of people sent such Congress leaders into political wild the state of Israel. The Summit Conference has now erness as early as possible. The Congress under the decided to establish a Palestine Arab State as a .rival leadership of such leaders is poising itself for assum to Israel and resolved upon a unified military com ing unconstitutional or rather super-constitutional mand to deal with the 'Zionist menace' which they powers to dictate its own .will to the S~te Go~e~ think will be aggravated by the economic develop ments even in matters which fall exclustvely wtthin ment 'of South Israel and its being gradually peopled the list of provincial subjects. With the imposition of by the Jewish immigrants from _abroa~. ~y ~e such Congress dictatorship over the State-Govern development of Israeli land and 1ts betng mhabtt· ments, Democracy would be reduced to a farce and. ed by Jews should be considered to be a menace to decentralisation of power which is the core of the the Arabs who are free to develop their own lands, idea of Federation composed of autonomous states, is inexplicable except _on the grounds. of racial and to a mere mockery. reliaious animosity which are so revolting to modem political and social thinking. The Summit has gone Is it therefore too much to upect that Mr. V. P. further and has planned a costly project of diverting Naik the Maharashtra Chief Minister will show his about 5'6 waters of Jordan river tributaries even at sturdy Maharashtrian commonsense and realism and 1 save the people from the goonda raj of. bootleggers the risk of a war with Israel. and the fanaticism of the Sarvodaya mantacs and as Perhaps Arab leaders like Nasser Egypt sert the right of the Bombay Government to a~just o~ b~ the prohibition policy to the needs of the sttua upon exploiting this Jor_dan-w~ters-dispute w1th Israel, for forging. Arab un1ty which has el~ded the tion obtaining in the Maharashtra State? Arab nations so long, owing to the conflicts and • • • • civil wars raging between one state and ano~er and within the states themselves. Unless and until Arab REUGIOUS FANATICISM OF ARAB NATIONS nationalism secularises itself and learns to look upon That Arab nationalism is · founded on Musllm even the non-Muslim State of lsrae~ as o~e of ~e Arab fanaticism and therefore is not a progressive force in states in this Jordan ~alley, th1~. reg~on will .ever world politics, is once again proved by the Summit remain a festering sore m the politics of the Mtddle Conference of Arab Nations held at Cairo. This meet East and a stumbling block in the path of world ing was specially called to devis~ ways and me~ of peace and goodwill. preventing Israel from divertmg the Jordan ~ver • • • • • waters from lake Tiberias to the arid but potentially \ cultivable southern part of the country, the Negev, LET .MR. NEHRU ENJOY HIS WELL-EARNED through the Negev irrigation projects. Israel has al REST. ways extended her hand of co-o~eration to oth:r States of the Jordan river valley like Jordan, Syna It is but naturar that Mr. Nehru's present ~eli and Lebanon, in implementing what h3;5 .c~me to be cate state of health is causing the greatest anXIety known as Johnston"s Project of the div!Ston of t;he to his countrymen as also to his frien~ an.d well waters of the rivers. But the Arab Muslim countries wishers abroad. Messages have been _pourmg m from ha\·e consistently shov.11 extreme reluctance to ac far and near expressing prayerful w1shes and hopes cept this hand of co-operation, ~ot beca~e !he Jon for Mr. Nehru's speedy recove~. The latest health sl'On project adversely affects theLr economJC mterests bulletin about him is most assunng and. w~ hope he -in fact it allowed over 60 percent of the waters to will be restored to his former he~th wtthin a sho~ Arab countries-but because "it would benefi! Israel time. His illness necessarily has ratsed a host of poli- as well as the Arab countries." In thus vet~mg. the (Contd. on page 8) Johnston plan in 1955, the Arab League was msptred Right, Left, & Centre at Bhuvaneswar By M. A. VENKATA RAO By refusing to nationalise Banks immediately and by raising the lower limit for free industrial enterprise to Rs. 25 lakhs capital, the Centrists hat•e made concession to the Right. But the goal of the Socialist State, which the Congress has adopted is cent percent Leftism. Wizen the Socialist End works for sometime, the means and road of Parliamentary Democracy will lzat•e exhausted all their uti· !ity. So Leftism is the last word.
HA TEVER analysis has been made by thinkers By means of an adaptation of Hegel's dialectic, W in India of the leading issues in current social he thought that he had proved scientifically that his thought connoted by Right, Left and Centre bas re tory moves or evolves dialectically, that is, from one mained in academic fields and publications. It has exteme to another by a necessary process. The pro not percolated into current political controversy and cess is governed, according to him, by a law of evo thrown light on the meaning of the terms. lution. Communist jargon even among its adherents is Hegel· applied his dialectical method to the full of these terms, of course within their world of whole of the universe and its structure and its evolu reference in which they mean very different things. tion of categories. The average reader of daily newspapers and even For Hegel was a metaphysician and was interest the writer of news analysis in the principal journals ed in arriving at a synthesis of the ultimate explana of opinion in various parts of the country do not tions of nature, man and God or the Absolute. seem to be fully aware of the precise implications of But Marx, though a pupil of Hegel, dropped the the terms right, left and centre. Absolute and the wider aim of synthesising all as Yet it is very important that the public in general pects of experience into a coherent philosophy and should be apprised of the meanings (and drives) of concentrated on the task of defining a social goal for the meanings carried by these terms. ensuring progress. The discussions at Bhuvaneswar (The Congress He was a materialist and so dropped the idea of Session for 1964) were carried on with unusual heat spirit and jettisoned also the rest of Hegel's ideas (for that body) by reason of the determined effort put concerning art, science, religion and philosophy. forth by Messrs. V. K. Menon and Malaviya to get Hegel applied his dialectic to all experience-to the plenary session to accept their Leftist stand. the Subject as Spirit, to Objective Mind or Spirit and fhey wanted the Congress to make a "great Leap to Art, Philosophy and Religion. forward" in the direction of communism, nationalise Hegel gave his social philosophy as part of his banking, the wholesale trade in food grains and philosophy of Objective Mind-giving an explanation sweep a large number of the consumer goods in of the institutions of the family, of bourgeois or civil dustries into the public sector, level down higher society or economic relations and the State and add· incomes still further by the imposition of ceilings in ed a philosophy of history as a pendant. addition to present high levels of income and super and wealth taxes and co-operatise all retail trade Marx made the philosophy of history his princi· and agricultural operations as in communist countries pal theme and fiiied it with his historical, materia· and so on. listie dialectic. This dialectic was applied only to social evolution and that too, to the evolution of The new companies bills already have brought a economic classes-the possessing and non-possessing gn~at part of the operations of banks and other joint classes. stqck concerns under the grip of the government. Primitive communism in which at the early These recommendations are all Leftist in their pastoral and agricultural stage property was largely character . held in common soon passed into feudalism in which Tl)e. terms right and left derive from the attitude the land-holders became also political chiefs who re they imply towards the institution of private property. duced their peasants to the position of slaves and serfs. Karl Marx laid down the dictum that no mere The bourgeois stage ·next ousted the feudal stage reforms such as improvements in wages, welfare me and introduced the reign of the capital-owning in· asures such as social security and charity of various kinJs could solve the problem of equality. dustrial and commercial classes who developed em pires for the expansion of markets. He distinguished his brand of socialism from Then as the ranks of Labour multiplied and capi· thl)Se of St. Simon, Fourrier, Proudhon and Robert tal could no longer afford to give ever-rising rates of Owen as being Scientific while the others were Uto wages, the proletariat would organise themselves and pian and s~ntimental. oust the capitalist class. This would be the next . His communism was scientific, he held, because stage of the dialectic which is inevitable for the sal· 1t was baseJ on a sci~ntific analysis of history which vation of the toiling masses. Then the masses will h~ calleJ by the name of historical mat£'rialism or become the sole owners and destroy the capitalist ,,'i,Jlcct ical material ism. class and enjoy the full fruits of their labour.
5 February I, 1961 This is the final goal of the dialectic according be a means, necessary or not according to circum to Marx. There is no further step after that stage. stances, have to accept this view of progress-an am But according to Hegel the dialectic is end-less algam of science, technology, maximum production, and never stops. New experience will always throw public ownership on a monopoly basis and better up new ways of life and new ideas and new social distribution of the goods and services produced. relations. From this point of view, the Rightists are those Marx is committed to science and technology. who resist this inevitable change towards the Marxist He advocated full socialism and communism in the goal of a classless society of public ownership where sense of the complete take-over by the State and the capitalist class is liquidated with as much government of all economic functions under the im violence as may be needed, if they will not disappear pression that it would maximise production. He was or co-operate in self-elimination peacefully. impressed by the analogy of the single factory which achieves maximum production and economy under Rightsists are thus those who believe in the the direction of a single manager or plan avoiding the private ownership of property; the right of private wastes of competition and duplication. enterprise for industry and commerce and transport, Maximum production would be possible if the who believe in the rule of law to protect owners to workers gave up claims of initiative and followed use their property for creating new wealth at their implicitly the directions of the manager. This would own risk. . enable them to have Jesser hours of work while As an implication and aura of Marxism, we have securing the same or higher production and share a disbelief in liberal democracy with its notion of in goods as reward for their work. These were the limited government. Marxism thinks that liberal assumptions of Marx. democracy is only concerned to defend property . Marx committed himself to a historical prophecy rights and not the rights of labour or of man as man. and his prophecy failed him. History disproved his The man without property has very little chance of prophecy. He predicted· on the basis of his "scienti having his human rights protected in a liberal demo fic" vision of the dialectic that the capitalist rich cratic state. For one thing, the proce4ure of law would grow richer and richer while the poor labour even for the defence of life and honour (or dignity ers would grow poorer and poorer. This self-con or good name) is very costly and beyond the reach tradiction would drive the proletariat into despera of the poor man. · tion and make them admirably suitable vehicles for The press is also at the service of the plutocracy. revolution, because their resentment would be insat All things are possible for the rich. The fundamental iable and they would have nothing to hope for under rights are only scraps of paper adorning the Consti the present order. . tution so far as the poor man is concerned. For no rise or acceleration in the expansion of production due to scientific invention and rationalis Rightists are only the defenders of the status ed management would benefit labour, for a rise in quo-this is the charge of the Leftists. population would soon increase their rivalry for the This charge only holds good if all progress is new jobs and so lower their wages again. This is equivalent to movement towards Socialism. his famous iron law of wages which has an inevitable As against these positions, the Centrists are tendency to reduce any rise in wages back again those who make some practical concessions towards to the subsistence level. socialism. Scientific progress bringing economic progress or Some observers have hailed the Congress Reso increased production should carry with it a change lution as finally passed at Bhuvaneswar as a triumph in the relations of production namely a change in for the Centrists. They say that the Resolution con property rights from private to public ownership. It ceded in theonJ that a further step can be taken to is only then that the benefits of new technology will wards the narrowing of the gulf between rich and accrue in full to labour, for it will eliminate the ex poor by the imposition of ceilings on urban income ploiting, parasitic class namely, the capitalist class! as well and by the nationalisation of rice mills, while In Marxism therefore, progress means progress holding that full state trading in food grains was too in the double sense of improvement in technology premature. and revolution in property-holding. This is the goal These were concessions to the Left. of social evolution-the next stage of the classless state towards which the historical, materialistic dia But it made a concession to the Right by lectic is inevitably and inexorably moving. refusing to nationalise Banks immediately and by Whoever believes in this view of the social goal raising the lower limit for free industrial enterprise of the classless society brought about by the abolition to Rs. 25 lakhs capital. But the resolution makes of rrivate ownership of the means of production is a full acceptance of the goal of the socialist State part Leftist. He is a progressit•ist, for this alone is pro of the central creed of Congress. This is Leftism by gress, according to Karl Marx. a hundred per cent. But the means are to be by This basis of doctrine is the foundation of com parliamentary democracy: this is Rightism. But when munism and socialism. Sentimentalists who believe the socialist End works for some time, the Means that it can be realised without violence may call and Road will have exhausted their term of utility. themsch·es the sole heirs of Karl Marx's heritage. So Leftism is the last Word. The full-blooded communists who regard violence to
TilE 1:'\DI.\~ LIBERT.-\RI.-\.'1 6 Feudal Cart Before the Socialist Horse By M. N. THOLAL
HE Bhubaneswar Congress session unanimously sion by China", and said it was in no way inconsist· T passed a resolution on international affairs ent with the country's dedication to the cause of moved by Mr. P. Chengalvarayan. Since he was en world peace and co-operation. It obviously is. But trusted with moving the resolution, one is entitled if the resolution, instead of referring to "the coun to assume that he knew something about internation try's dedication to the cause of world peace and co al affairs. But that does not seem to be the case. operation" had referred to the •country's dedication For, he warned both China and Pakistan that while to the cause of world peace and freedom', there India would seek the solution of all problems through would have been no inconsistency in the resolution peaceful negotiations, it would do everything possi and it could have logically proceeded to proclaim ble to "contain, prevent and foil aggression" and "its full support to the firm resolve of the nation to take back every inch of the territory lost to the resist Chinese aggression with all its strength, mili aggressors, whatever the sacrifice. tary, political and diplomatic .•• " Mr. Chengalvarayan should know that his threat But the substitution of the word "co-operation" "to take back every inch of the territory lost to the by the word "freedom" would have brought us very aggressors, whatever the sacrifice" is much more than near the Western stand and placed us almost against cold war, for it implies war, whereas the declaration the Eastern bloc. So freedom was sacrificed by anti that India would do everything possible to "contain, colonialists even when it was obviously needed to prevent and foil aggression" is a beautiful descrip obviate the charge of dishonesty and hypocrisy and tion of cold war itself. The Western Powers, double standards against the Congress and the through the cold war, are only trying to "contain, nation. This is of course non-alignment with a ven· prevent and foil aggression" and have not so far geance. (Mrs. Gandhi said India's policy of non· threatened Russia that they will "take back every alignment was now universally acknowledged as a inch of the territory lost to the aggressors" in East sound one. That may well be. What is in doubt is ern Europe, "whatever the sacrifice". After this it India's non-alignment. For, who would believe in it was rather brazen on his part to refer to the world after the recent Indo-Anglo-Australio-American joint blocs as "each poised against and suspicious and air exercises, to say nothing of the very highly re fearful of the other and perpetuating the climate of assuring presence in the Indian Ocean of 2.4 (two cold war as between them and the world". point four) per cent of the Seventh American Fleet, to which reference was not allowed in the resolution? The resolution also welcomed the initiative tak:n by the Soviet Premier, M. Khruschev, in pro Minds brought up on slogans and platitudes posmg the adherence of nations to a "no-war" agree and claptraps cannot think either coherently or hon !llen~, thcre~y renouncing the use of force for settl estly on national or international affairs and the re mg mt:rnatiO~al disputes. But the official organ of ~ult is self-contradiction at every step. What docs the Chmese Government, the Peking daily, told us !t matter so _long as leaders cannot or dare not point only th_e other n~y that, before launching the attack It out, particularly when they are given to under on lnd1a, the Chmcse Government had obtained the stand that the resolution has been drafted by the conse~t grcssors , as Mr. Chengalvarayan put it? W~y should Mr. Kamaraj take comfort for the pur~ suit of a fooli~h policy from the past when that past The resolution would have more appropriately h~s. been radicali:r altered by the formation of big asked. the Soviet Premier to renounce the use of military pacts wh1ch have succeeded eminently in force m Easte~ E~rope _and let, for example, the two the face of two of the mightiest aggressors the world ~~rmanys umte, If. the1r pe?rle so desire. Perhaps has ever known? The truth of the matter is that there J.S own self-contradictory attitude prevents the Con may be some sense in non-alignment for countries gress from condemning the self-contradictory attitude far away from Russia and China, none for those of Soviet Russia. borde!ing it, like India. After all, it is not in the pursuit of non-alignment that the joint air exercises The res?lution gave full support to "full and were held, or the advent of a few ships of the Seventh cor~1plcte d1sarmament and the outlawing of war Fleet in the Indian Ocean has proved to be such a '~·hrch our Government has held as its own firm posi heart-warming event for the country. twn,}nd a~vocated in the UN and the world gene rail) a~d a!~? supported the country's extra defence DE!\IOCRATIC SOCIALISll preparatiOns forced on us by the continuing aggres- Regarding the resolution on Socialism and
7 February 1, 1004 Democracy it would perhaps be better to quote the TI IE SE~SE OF 1'1'\.0PEHIT obscrntions of the Congress leaders themselves, . with the introductory observation that in no other The sense of property is graciously bcstowcJ on country or party could two discredited ministers have mankind for the purpose of rousing them from sloth been allowed to play so prominent a role as Messrs and stimulating them to action; and so long as the Menon and Malaviya did at the annual session of the Congress, at Bhubaneswar and its allied gather right of acquisition is exercised in conformity to ings. the social relations and the moral obligations which In a strongly-worded address to the Congress spring from them, it ought to be sacredly protest Forum for Socialist Action, Union Home Minister ed. The natural and active sense of property per Gulzarilal Nanda said the resolution on socialism and democracy had been kept deliberately vague, be vades the foundations of social improvement. It cause the Government did not possess the .necessary leads to the cultivation of the earth, the institution machinery to implement it and beca"Jse no previous of government, the establishment of justice, ·the ac preparations had been made. Mr. Biju Patnaik, one of the new shining lights of the Congress, who re quisition of the comforts of life, the gro\\ih of the cently donated a lakh of rupees to Mrs. Indira useful arts, the spirit of commerce, the productions Gandhi for research, and got the certificate from her of taste, the erections of charity and the display father that he is a man of ideas, said almost in dis gust that the present society was thoroughly rotten, of the benevolent affections. feudal and capitalist and the Congress should be -JAMES KENT determined to change this society to establish a so cialist society. That being the case, the Congress must be said to be putting the cart before the horse. (Cvntd. from page 4) As if to illustrate what Mr. Patnaik said, even be fore he said it, a clash occurred between two groups tical problems in the country. His countrymen fail of Seva Dal Volunteers on the night of January 6 to understand why the official bulletins do not give and police had to intervene to restore order. A few out in plain medical terms what Mr. Nehru is ex volunteers and a girl were injured as result of stone actly suffering from, so that people could discuss freely among themselves about the possible effects throwing. of his illness on the country's administrative and Let us sec what the Father of Socialism in India, political setup. If his illness is serious and chronic, Mr. Nehru, said at Gopabandhunagar on January 6. then people would be certainly justified in demand Few people seem to realise, he said, that the caste ing, as Dr. Lohia has already done, that Mr. Nehru system is entirely opposed to both democracy and should be relieved of his onerous official duties and socialism and that if we want a socialist structure of responsibilities. It does no credit either to Nehru's society, we have to put an end to the caste system, leadership or to the party-organisation of the Con as we know it. "Only then," he observed, "can the gress that there is no second lin(( of leadership in beginning of democratic socialism come into our so the Congress to take up the task. One therefore sus ciety." Mr. B. K. Kaul, Rajasthan's Finance Minister, pects that the Congress Government at the Cen~re said that the resolution might not be able to create is pitifully nervous that all _would not be well w1t.h even a semblance of a socialist society. His appre it if Mr. Nehru shouU retire from the field, as IS hensions were based on the fact that by traditional v;ry often the case in countries un?er d~ctato upbringing, education, social habits, fatalistic beliefs rial reoimes, when the strong hand of the d1ctator and other environmental factors, · the people were happen~ to be removed from the administration. wedded to notions and ideas wl;l.ich were the antithe sis of everything that socialism connoted The ruling' party would be proving its shc.er !n The greatest and the final argument against competence to govern the country a~d guard 1ts m nationalisation is that state control means more and terests if it could not afford to give Nehru the more corruption. We have seen how corrupt the rest that he so badly requires and so richly Congress is with its bogus membership and it is this deserves after having spent a life-time of self organisation that is going to control the nationalised less service and devotion in the country's cause. industries. The bus service in the capital has been a That would highlight the necessity of the Congress . glaring example of the inefficiency and corruption abdicatina its throne in favour of another compe following state control, showing how the public has tent political party or if _necessary, a National Gov to suffer, day after day, month after month, year ernment composed of the best talents of the country. after year, and all it gets is promises for the future, The Con"ress0 has had more than enough of the every month, almost every week. oreat benefit of Mr. Nehru's services. Will Mr. The only consolation is that Congressmen do Nehru, at least now, ripe with the wisdom of old not mean what they say, that hardly one percent of age, give up party-politics and play the. more useful them believe in socialism. How can they, with their role of the guide, philosopher and fnend of the beliefs? Yet they have to say what they do because Nation as a whole, after divesting himself of all to say something contrary to what Mr. Nehru says Governmental position and power? is just out of the question. -D. M. Kulkarni
TilE 1:-.IDIA.'l UBERTARL\.'\ 8 I fJ T ER N AT I 0 rJ A L CH At·1 8 ER 0 F C0 M M ER CE By MURAR/1 /. VAIDYA • President, Indian Council of Foreign Trade
N the minds of Business Organisations in the free. b) the Commission on Restrictive Practices af I world, the International Chamber- of Commerce fecting Competition, occupies a position ve~y similar to v.:h_a~ the Un~ted c) The Commission on Trade Distribution, Nations does in the mmds of the pohticians. It IS a d) The Commission on Advertising, federation of all the Chambers of Commerce and business organisations throughout the free world. It e) The Commission on Users of International was established in 1919 soon after the end of the Exhibitions and Fairs etc., First World War. Jts main object is to represent f) The National Information Bureau of Cham· and promote private enterprise throughout the world bers of Commerce, with the basic aim of increasing world trade. g) The Commissions on Transport and Trans port Users including air, sea and rail trans It has been carrying on various activities over ports, inland navigation, postal and tele· the last 44 years and as the years go by, its mem communications. bership goes on increasing. Its membership is drawn h) The Commissions on International Commer· from over 60 countries. The International Chamber cial Arbitration, Protection of Industrial Pro· of Commerce functions from its headquarters in perty, International Practices, etc. Paris through various specialised Commissions which meet from time to formulate world business policies Further, I.C.C. has set up two more specialised and lay down guiding lines, not only for the Cham Commissions namely; (i) the Commission on Euro· bers of Commerce and the businessmen who form pean Afiairs (C.E.A.), which keeps in close touch its membership, but also for the Governments of the with the European Economic Community, the Euro free countries of the world. The International Cham pean Free Trade Organisations (E.F.T.A.) and the ber of Commerce has established a working relation Organisation for the Economic Co-operation and ship with the United Nations Economic and Social Development (O.E.C.D.); and (ii) the Commission Council and with other Inter-Governmental Organi on Asia and Far East Affairs with its Head-quarters sations such as the General Agreement on Trade and at New Delhi. The I.C.C. also maintains a court of Tariff (G.A.T.T.), the Organisation for Economic Co International Commercial Arbitration which is an operation and Development (O.C.E.D.), the World independent organisation to deal with the commer· Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Inter cial disputes between businessmen and between national Labour Organisation and the Customs Co business organisations of member countries. There operation Council. It has permanent Delegates to is also an International Council of Advertising Prac· the United Nations, in New York, Geneva and Bang tices to prevent unfair advertising practices. The kok. I.C.C. is associated with the Inter-American Coun· cil of Commerce and Production, the International At the national level, the I.C.C. has National Organisation of Employers and the International Committees which act as the connecting links be Container Bureau. tween I.C.C. Headquarters and its Commissions and the various commercial organisations in different It has 41 National Committees in the different countries. A great deal of literature containing in De~ocratic countries of the world. Recently even formation about the work which the I.C.C. does as Yugoslavia has set up a National Committee. There also its statement of policies are published from time arc 26 countries as associated members. The Secre to time. In this manner, the I.C.C. aims at helping tary-General is responsible for the day-to-day admi various Governments, as well as the commercial and nistration and is assisted by departmental secretaries industrial organisations in different countries to forge dealing with technical services, external relations, a conJrHon policy in relation to matters affecting trade administrative services, and arbitration and by liai· and industry, banking, insurance, transport, customs, son Officers. procedures, arbitration, etc. Every two years the International Chamber of The basic idea is to help in the expansion of Commerce organises the I.C.C. Annual Congress. \H)rlJ traJe through private enterprise and free ex After the Second World War, these congresses have ~-hange of men, materials and money between the been held in Tokyo, Naples, Washington, and Cop· free nations of the world to enable all the countries enhagen. The last congress was held in April last of the world developed and under-dewlopcd to at year in Mexico. · tain higher standards of living. The discussions in the Congress at .Mexico City The J.C.C. performs its function through vari related to many important subjects, affecting inter· ous CL'Il1'11issions; among them are: national commerce such as reduction in customs and shipping formalities as also in the number of a) The Commission on Primary Products and documents required for these formalities by adopting Raw Materials, (Contd. on page 10)
9 February 1, lOOt DELHI LETTER THE KAMARAJ CURSE (From Our Correspondent)
Congress President Kamaraj said in Madras on in New Delhi even photographers were not allowed January 13 that when he saw off Prime Minister to approach him. On the other band, there have Nehru at Bhubaneswar he looked much improved been authoritative reports- of the Prime Minister in health but, even at that, he said the Prime Minis finishing several books in a couple of days at Bhu ter needed absolute rest both physically and men baneswar and that, taking advantage of the absence tally for a month. The President and the Vice of his daughter at the Congress session, he had, con President each saw the Prime Minister on January trary to doctor's instructions, taken a bath. Was 14 for ten minutes separately. That was the time there, people ask, no nurse to attend on him when allowed them by the doctors. A helicopter was he fell ill and when as many as four eminent doc used at Bhubaneswar to carry the Prime Minister tors were attending on him, sent for from all over from the Raj Bhawan to the air port. On his arrival the country, or had she also gone to attend the Con gress session? (Cuntd. frum page 9) There is an obvious contradiction between the standard forms, development of international market Congress President's statement that the Prime Min ing, advertising and tourism, and harmonisation of ister "needs absolute rest both physically and men the law relating to Arbitration. tally for a month" and the seemingly inspired re ports about his finishing several books in a few days, At the closing Plenary Session, a statement of as if the latter made for absolute rest. Every one conclusions was adopted. This statement has been wishes the Prime Minister speedy recovery, but designated as the "Declaration of Mexico." It would many rightly criticise the brazen attempt to bam be interesting to quote a few sentences from this boozle the people, as if they would readily swallow Declaration on the subject of economic growth everything that is given them. India is a democracy through interdependence. It said: "there. is every and the people have a right to know what has hap where growing awareness that . no nation or group pened to their Prime Minister and how exactly he is of nations can 'go it alone' without drifting into a progressing-if for no other reason than to disable backwater away from the mainstream of human interested parties from exploiting their nearness to progress. But this awareness needs to be translated him and conveying as his, decisions which may not into everyday realities of economic life. Men must be his. learn to think more internationally, to see the world as a whole and in their actions recognise the If the Prime Minister has been ordered absolute need for constant give and take in every field of mental and physical rest for a month, the country endeavour." should have an acting Prime Minister for a month. In a democratic country the people have a right to The statment further stated: "the Congress is know what the Prime Minister's illness is, for it may firmly .convinced that the most efiective instrument have a bearing on his capacity to act as Prime Min of growth through interdependence is private enter ister even after a month. Since there is no Deputy prise. Valuable as public investment may be to the Premier now, no one can even take his place. There growth of industrialised countries as well as to the is thus a vacuum which Mr. Nehru did not antici forward surge of countries in process of develop pate-so sure was he of his health-when he left ment, nothing can take the place of the decisive the office of his deputy vacant. The Congress Party impulse that private enterprise gives to economic will do well to fill it up as soon as possible. Apart expansion." from incidental disabilities arising from ill-health, Mr. Nehru's prolonged absence from the country "In this age of vast and rapid technological pro when be is on tours abroad also demands a deputy gress, it is clear in terms of human needs and of the premier. resources to meet them that no effort to better man's lot can be wholly successful unless it can The short-sighted implementation of the ·Kama reach over and beyond political frontiers. Inter raj Plan has removed from the Centre men who national co-operation is today a condition of natio could easily have stepped into his shoes. It may not nal prosperity." be long before the country comes to the conclusion that the Kamaraj Plan, which was expected to be a In conclusion the Congress urged "all men, boon, has proved to be a curse to the country. It both in Government and in private enterprise, in all is indeed an irony that at the very moment when their dealings, personal, national and international, Mr. Nehru bad succeeded in strengthening his bands to accept and act upon the reality of interdepen as never before through the Kamaraj strategem as dence. Only thus it will be possible to achieve bal modified by him, the gods should have decided to anced economic growth throughout the world." weaken them.
THE I~DI.\~ UBERTARIA..'{ 10 A question that persists here among the know wanted to subdue everybody, or those who defied edgable is : In whose interests have the possible him 1 Let the reader answer. One thing is certain. ;uccessors to Nehru been removed at a stroke from In a true democracy such questions never arise. For :heir offices? Every one knows that his daughter has a majority is not forced to work with a dissident :>ecn growing more and more powerful as Mr. Nehru minority as colleagues; nor a lamb forced to live became more and more unapproachable. Where a with a lion. But we have to set an example in non man's word is law, the conveyer of the word assumes alignment to the world and Mr. Nehru is only intro to a great extent the majesty of law. When Mr. ducing non-alignment in the states. Nehru's devotees cannot hang upon his words, they CONGRESS DEFEATS IN U.P. are apt to hang upon the words of those who are near and dear to him. That is the unwritten law The Congress has suffered a crushing defeat in of courtiers all over the world. And every one the two by-elections to the U. P. Assembly whose knows that the only ·person near and dear to him is results were declared on January 13, one of the Con his only daughter whom, in his natural fondness for gress candidates losing his deposit. Mr. Govind her, he has consciously or unconsciously been groom Saha:i, one. of the general secretaries of the UPCC, found the defeat "particularly saddening", coming as ing as his successor. it did in the wake of the tremendous prestige earned People are not wanting who uncharitably sug for the Congress by the (farcical) Bhubaneswar re gest that .t~e removal, with a stroke of the pen of solution on democratic socialism. He is not against such admmtstrat?rs as Messrs Desai, PatiJ, Jagjiwan an objective appraisal of the whole situation, but he Ram and Shastn, was deliberately intended to drive pointed out (subjectively) that the defeats could not out all those who came even speculatively in answer be attributed to "group wranglings'' in the Party. For to the question, "After Nehru, who?" and that in more than a month preceding the by-elections the UP any case Mr. Nehru could not have been anaware of dissidents, including the UPCC president and Acting the fact that their dethronement was a continuation president, had been trying to insult the Congress however indirect, of the process of grooming hi~ Chief Minister by asking for explanations and telling daughter for succession. Those who want to be in his her where to go and not to go. Can any one believe goo~ books ~ave already started suggesting Mrs. that they do not realise that by thus belittling the Indtra Ga!ldht's nall!e for the foreign ministership, office she occupies they are making a laughing stock and they mclude edttors of well-known dailies. of their Chief Minister as well as of the Congress? Mr. Nehru's illness is due to his taking too ~r. ~ahai says the propaganda technique and !lluch upon himself. That is only a corrollary of hav orgamsatton of the opponents were superior. Who mg all the power in one's hands. Men in the most made them superior? Did they need any propaganda robust health cannot stand for long, the strain of against th~ .congress c~ndidat~s after what they had such strenu~us . w~rk, as h~. has been undP.rtaking, been provtdmg them wtth gratts? The dissidents who because of hts habtt of choosmg foolish flatterers for thought they were stabbing their chief minister in colleagues and then lamenting the paucity of the the back have now found they were stabbing their human. m
TilE I~DL\~ Ur.Er.T.\r.L\~ 12 (Contd. from page 11) podes, have had ten, twenty, and even thirty years of experience with their ovm versions of compul· ·spirit of renunciation dictated the imposition of a sory "medicare," there should be a definitive answer stooge on the state. Bakshi's own utterances left no to this question. Helmut Schoeck, a professor of ·oom for doubt about it.. In a ~~y he was only !ol- sociology at Emory University in Georgia, has. pin~ Jowing the example of Pnme MmlSter Nehru, behev- ed down a vast number of pertinent facts m hts ing in the maxim: imitati?n is the best form of- symposium, Financing Medical Care: An Appraisal flattery. Mr. Nehru got nd of every one who had of Foreign Programs (Caxton, 348 pages, $5.50). The been mentioned as his successor, every ~ne ~ho testimony of Dr. Schoeck's many experts is that it could think independently and even sometl.Dles gtve is the aeneral tendency of ""overnment medicine" to expression to his mind. Bakhshi Ghulam. ¥oham- inflate ~the cost of medical~ service without adding mad similarly got rid of his best known mmisters. anything of value to the general level of health. It While the story of the theft of the Prophet's hair may. seem l~e the .~umar;itari~ !~ing to_ do to make has yet to be revealed, there is no doubt that ad- · m~hcal service a free oood! bk.e ~arks or s~eets vantage was taken by the conspirators to whip up or the water from the pubhc drmkmg fountun at popular feeling against the Government. Within an the ~orner. But actually everybody loses under most hour of the theft processions started shouting slogans pubhc health pr~grams. . and the wrath of the agitators was concentrated on The reason, If we look at the expenence of Eng· the property of the Bakhshi family, their hotels e~:nd land, Frct?ce, Germany, Sweden, Austria, and New their cinemas. Bakhshi Ghulam Mohammad, feelmg Zealand, IS that people do not value what they pre· his own position insecure, as well as .that of the sum~ they ~r~ ge~g ~or nothing. What. results f.r'!m National Conference, retaliated by makmg our flesh pubhc medtcme IS a btg over-consumption of triVIa· creep with his now notorious statement. which has lities, with d?ctors at their wits' end to find time to been called a lie by other leaders. He said only three spend on senous matters. - slogans were shouted in Kashmir. One dem~ded an Speeaking of compulsory medical .. insurance" inquiry into the arrest ten years ago ?f Sheikh Ab- in Germany, Werner Schollgen remarks that per· dullah, ano~h~r his release an~ the t~rrd acceptance sonally "costless" access to doctors and medical of the plebiscite demand. This was ~1s retort to re- supplies .. encourages the waste of huge amounts of ports .of the Kashmir Government bemg replaced by money and medical resources on minute and imagi· President's rule. Sin~e ~is. stateme~t m~cs no re: nary ailments. Consequently, it cannot really, in the ference to the holy ~a1r, It IS an obvious li~. Bakhshl long run, help individuals with prolonged and catas• Ghulam Mohammad s propaganda f~r Pakis.tan and trophic illnesses." alliance with Sheikh Abdullah-that I~ what 1t comes Looking at the British experience, Coiro Bro· to-can only be justified by .the saymg "Marta kya gan discovers that the National Health Service which na karta". (What does a d¥Ing man not do7) To came out of the Beveridge plan "celebrated its such straits has the. Kamara} Plan led the. rulers and tenth birthday without having built one single hos· .ex-rulers of. Ka~hmtr. Sac~Ifice and service o~ the pital throughout the length and breadth of Britain." country which It ushered IS here for all to Witness English girls, says surgeon Reginald S. Murley, de· in all their glory. cline to take up nursing because of the inadequacy of the hospitals under the compulsory health program. WE AND OUR READERS The deficiency is .. somewhat concealed by the num· ber of girls from Ireland and the Continent who Patrons of "The Indian Libertarian.. who have been long come to Britain to nurse.•• on the complimentary list, are requested to communicate to In America, there is a tired feeling in many 11s saying that t1u:oy wish to· continue receiving our journal quarters that compulsory "medicare" is part of the tree of cost. That will ensure a regular supply of future inevitable "wave of the future." But "it ain't neces copies of our journal. However a remittance of Rs. 6.00 sarily so." In both Switzerland and Australia, the towards the annual subscription is a better guat'antee. voters have firmly rejected the demands of the so- cialists that medicine be made a compulsory "free good" financed by taxes or social security levies .. The Review Swiss, in 1958, had 1,109 separate voluntary 1nsu· Book ranee plans recognized by the federal government. TilE SI~""ESS OF SOCIALIZED 1\IEDICINE with a membership totalling 4,011,925 ...Between 80 and 90 per cent of the Swiss people a1e members of By John Chamberlain such associations," says Marcel Grossmann. The fed· If you are against state-inflicted public health eral government in Switzerland does give some sub insurance, financed by a compulsory levy, it is enough sidy help to \'Oluntary plans which meet formal re· in many quarters to mark you down as a moral quirements as non-profit mutual companies, but that monster. By implication it is assumed that your is all. The insured have free choice of physicians, "negativism" means that you want poor people to and the doctors set their own price on their ser· suffer. But does a compulsory national health pro "ices. The Swiss are certainly as healthy as the gram, ''iree" to everybody out of ta."tes, actually re Swedes or the English, and they are not afflicted with sult in a healthier society? sky-rocketing medical costs. Moreover, the traveller Since many foreign nations, from England and in Switzerland notes practically none of the social Germany in Europe to New Zealand in the Anti- ills that afflict welfarist Sweden. 13 February 1, 196i Li~rtarians who would prefer to leave the The President. according to authoritative sources. out· promotion of any and all medical benefits to private lined what officials ~lled "general guidelines'" for peaceful bands will not fail to note that the coercive "wave settlements in a reply to the Soviet leader's New Year pro of the future" bas swept over .. voluntary" Switzer posal, made to Heads of Got"emments · throughout the land and Australia to some extent: both countries world. tax their citizens to provide relati>ely small amounts Mr. Johnson's message was handed to .Mr. Anatoly of subsidy money for bestowal on selected private Dobrynin, the Soviet Ambassador, by Mr. Dean Rusk, the medical insurance societies. But if one must choose Secretary of State. It pointed out that armed force was between types of public health coercion. the Swiss not the only means employed to take over territory, to and Australian systems are certainly greatly to be c~ge existing borders and to upset regimes. preferred to the British, German, Austrian, or Swe dish variety. At least. the patient and the doctor are U. N. MACHINERY left free to find each other in Switzerland and Aus tralia, on terms that are mutually agreeable. At The sources said the President also told Mr. Khrush least there is a competition between societies to chev that one way of promoting peaceful settlement of ter sen·e their members. As for the U.S., it has the ritorial disputes was to .provide the United Nations with grand opportunity to remain with the Swiss and the better peace-keeping machinery. Australians on the side of the relative medical His reply to Mr. Khrushchev was drawn up in very \'oluntarism. ·or. Schoeck's book illuminates a score general terms. But the President was reported to have had of pitfalls and outlines at least one or two ways to in mind the refusal of the Communist members of the relative sanity. One can hope for it a wide reading United Nations to pay their share of the peace operation before the country makes its final choice between in the Middle East and the Congo. / common sense and going off the deep end. Mr. Johnson's message, sources said, suggested ~t -condensed from "The Freeman" the problem of ways to settle territorial disputes could be discussed at the East-West disarmament negotiations re suming in Geneva next Tuesday and in other forums. The Mind of the Nation It also pledged that the United States would continue to oppose the use of force, but in effect called on Com . CHANGING ffiSTORY Of SOCIAUSM munist nations to renounce so-called "wars of liberation" and subversion against legally-established governments. Mr. Kamaraj things it possible that socialism can be attained in India without class-war. The whole history of • • • • socialism culminating in Russian communism shows that NEW SOVIET BASE IN CUBA FOUND this is not possible. And can a struggle between an over whelmingly strong political party against a helpless business MIAMI : Air photos of the northeast' cost of Cuba taken by two "Miami News" correspondents during cyclone or industry, with no strong political party behind it, be called a movement without conflict or war? It is as if "Flora" showed the existence of a new and important Soviet Hider's proceedings against Poland were to be called a base in Cuba, a document sent to Central Intelligence Agency head Mr. John Mccone by the anti-Castrist Cuba peaceful incorporation of Poland in Germany or as if the present status of East Germany under Russian protectorate Revolutionary Council claimed here. · were called the peaceful establishment of a new indepen Manuel Antonio de Varona who signed the document, dent State in Europe. In Moliere's play, the doctor despite said that the base was located in the Cape Lucrecia region himself places the hurt on the right side of the body. and in the north of the Iriente province and included special when one of the other characters in the play protested that installations for submarines and guided missiles. the heart was till then said to be on the left side, he re De Varona, who said his statements were based on plied .. that was so tm the other ·day but now we have· information from clandestine anti-Castrist groups in Cuba, changed all that". Mr. Kamaraj's hope about the achieve said the base also consisted of Army barracks, depots for ment of socialism without a conflict or struggle seems to missile fuel and tunnel several kilometres long which hid indicate that he has changed the whole history of socialism. railways for transporting missiles and heavy weapons as -M. Iqthnaswamy in well as canals enabling submarines to enter the complex. ..Swarajya'" • • • • 7m FLEET CRUISE IS "NO mREAT' SINGAPORE : The Commander-in-Chief of the Unit News & Views ed States Pacific Forces, Admiral Harry D. Felt. said here that the proposed extension of the Seventh Fleet operations to the Indian Ocean was not a threat to any country. L~D SL'"BVERSION, JOHNSON TELLS Admiral Felt was commenting on the Indonesian claim KHRt:SHCHEV that the extension was a threat to Indonesia and an at tempt to force it to drop its "confrontation policy" against WASHINGTO:S: President Johnson this week-end call Malaysia. td on Mr. Nikita Khrushchev to renounce subversion and He told reporters on his arrival here that "the Seventh infiltration, as 11·ell as armed force, for settling territorial Fleet is a friendly force and I do not think that it can be a and border disputes. threat to any country."
THE L"\"DIA.~ UBERT.\RL-\.~ 14 FOOD PRODUCTION STILL AT 2ND PLAN LEVEL: For many years past, private capitalists in the West MINISTER have been either lending capital for, or establishing them Lucknow: Union Food and Agricullure Minister selves, precisely such industries in under-developed coun Sw~ran Singh admitted that food production in the coun tries all over the world. All they ask is reasonable security try had not advanced very much beyond the level reached that they shall reap their legitimate profit from such in- towards the end of the second Plan. Pointing out that this was a serious matter, Mr. Singh _dustry. Unfortunately, such is human nature. the _borrow warned that any failure in the agricultural sector would ers gradually forget the benefits they derive from such in have wide repercussions and jeopardise the success of the dustry and begin to grudge the promoters their profit. lt third Plan itself. is this uncertainty that is the chief obstacle to the over Mr. Swaran Singh was speaking on the occasion of the presentation of Rashtra Kalash to Uttar Pradesh for achiev seas spread of private enterprise. ing the highest increase of 23 per cent in food grain pro London. Faithfully yours, duction during the rabi crop of 1960-61. • • Henry Meulen Editor of "The Individualist,'' ENGLISH MUST STAY SAYS CHAGLA Calcutta : Mr. M. C. Chagla, Union Education Minister, warned against any sudden change-over from English to the regional languages by universities and asked politicians to "leave education alone." The Education Minister's new approach to the contro FIRST IN THE FIELD versial language issue was outlined by the Minister, while delivering the convocation address of Jadavpur University. THEN AND NOW! Twenty of 55 universities in the country have either switched over to regional languages or are contemplating doing so. Why back in 1929 Indian Readers gave a warm Apart from lowering the standard of education, parti reception to the first Indian Humorous Journal. cularly in science, such a change-over, he said, would make communication between graduates of different universities AND NOW, IN ITS difficult. The Minister was pai!'led to visualise that a day should come when Indians would need interpreters to communi· 35th YEAR cate with each other. • • • OF PUBLICATION RADICALISM 'NO AID TO ECONOMY' NEW DELHI: Mr. Asoka Mehta, Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission, said here that the economies [] of some of the countries in South-East Asia which had ad·• opted radical p:>licies, had not moved forward. Dl'1::!JD[] "If anything, their economies have sagged," Mr. Mehta said addressing tht: Planning Commission Club. DDDrlD~J!l Mr. Mehta said Burma had nationalised many in DCf.lUCl1!JCD du~tries,-the result so far had not been that the economy had moved forward. Indonesia also believed in adopting CDrnJCCCCCD many radical policies but there too the economy has sagged. He emphasised that adoption of radical policies did not automatically bring about certain results. What was MY MAGAZINE important was to choose the right kind of instruments for them. OF INDIA Mr. "Mehta said India had been trying to answer these IS EVEN MORE EAGERLY READ. problems in a particular way and a big debate was going Sold in more than 1000 Centres Comprls.. on today on whether the path the country had chosen was ing of every major Cities and Towns in all the the ri!!ht path and whether there should be more of social ism. States including important Railway Book-Stalls throughout India and Ready by 1,00,000 Readers. If you have not seen a Copy yet write Dear Editor ... for a FREE SPECIMEN COPY.
HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND STATE ENTERPRISE l doubt the accuracy of Professor U!.wande's assertion MY MAGAZINE (Economic Section of your issue of Dec. 15) that heavy OF INDIA industries like steel, railways, etc. are properly the sphere ~~ A D R A S • 3 4. of State enterprise because the huge capital outlay is be yond the existing resources of private investment.
15 Ft•hruary 1. WGI Fl·bmary 1, 196-t
ANNOUNCEl\IENT GIFT OF THE MONTH
If you are a new subscriber to "THE INDIAN LIB We hAYe a few back issues of ..Freeman" a ERTARIAN'' enlisting during January and February monthly Journal published by the Foundation you can have four books FREE OF COST from for Economic Educatioa, U.s.A. They are among the following:
available free Oil request to us. Requests for copies 1hould be accompanied with IS DP. India's Population Problem. S. Chandrasekhar.
ltiUIIPL Netaji and the C. P. I. Sitaram GoeL Mainspring of Progress. Henry _Weaver. Free Enterprise or Socialism. W. Grabill. Shri Aurobindo's Views. Write : Desk K. R. The Poet of Hindustan. 1st floor Arya Bhuvan, Sandhurst Road West, The People's Charter. Bomba~.
Write Desk: S. N. 1st Floor, Arya Bhuvan, Sandhurst Road, Bombay-4.
THE DUNCAN ROAD FLOUR MILLS Have you tried the Cow Brand flour manufactured by the Duncan Road Flour Mills 1 Prices are economical and only the best grains are ground. The whole production process is automatic, untouched by·hand and hence our produce is the cleanest and the most sanitary.
Write to:
THE MANAGER
THE DUNCAN ROAD FLOUR MlLLS
BOMBAY 4.
Telephone: 311105 Telegram : LOTEW ALA
. ------l:dittd by D. l\1. Kulkarni, B.A., LL.B., for the Libertariiin Publishers Private Ltd., Printed by G. N. Lawande, at States' People Press, Janmabhoomi Bhavan. Ghoga Street, . Fort, Bombay-!, and published by him at the office of The Libertarian Publishers (Prh·ate) Ltd., First floor, Arya Bhuvan, Sandhurst Road West. Bombay 4.