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Triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) Prevalent in the Northwest of Peru: Species with Epidemiological Vectorial Capacity

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Triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) Prevalent in the Northwest of Peru: Species with Epidemiological Vectorial Capacity Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Brasília repositorio.unb.br Este artigo está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional. Você tem direito de: Compartilhar — copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer suporte ou formato. Adaptar — remixar, transformar, e criar a partir do material. De acordo com os termos seguintes: Atribuição — Você deve dar o crédito apropriado, prover um link para a licença e indicar se mudanças foram feitas. Você deve fazê-lo em qualquer circunstância razoável, mas de maneira alguma que sugira ao licenciante a apoiar você ou o seu uso Não Comercial — Você não pode usar o material para fins comerciais. Sem restrições adicionais — Você não pode aplicar termos jurídicos ou medidas de caráter tecnológico que restrinjam legalmente outros de fazerem algo que a licença permita. 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Esta licença está disponível em: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Parasitol Latinoam 62: 154 - 164, 2007 FLAP ARTÍCULO DE ACTUALIZACIÓN Triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) prevalent in the northwest of Peru: species with epidemiological vectorial capacity CÉSAR AUGUSTO CUBA CUBA*, GUSTAVO ADOLFO VALLEJO** and RODRIGO GURGEL-GONÇALVES*;*** ABSTRACT The development of strategies for the adequate control of the vector transmission of Chagas disease depends on the availability of updated data on the triatomine species present in each region, their geographical distribution, natural infections by Trypanosoma cruzi and/or T. rangeli, eco- biological characteristics and synanthropic behavioral tendencies. This paper summarizes and updates current information, available in previously published reports and obtained by the authors our own field and laboratory studies, mainly in northwest of Peru. Three triatomine species exhibit a strong synanthropic behavior and vector capacity, being present in domestic and peridomestic environments, sometimes showing high infestation rates: Rhodnius ecuadoriensis, Panstrongylus herreri and Triatoma carrioni The three species should be given continuous attention by Peruvian public health authorities. P. chinai and P. rufotuberculatus are bugs with increasing potential in their role as vectors according to their demonstrated synanthropic tendency, wide distribution and trophic eclecticism. Thus far we do not have a scientific explanation for the apparent absence of T. dimidiata from previously reported geographic distributions in Peru. It is recommended, in the Peruvian northeastern Amazon region, the development of field studies on species of the genus Rhodnius, as well as of other triatominae, to evaluate their present Trypanosomatidae vector capacity. Key words: Rhodnius ecuadoriensis, Panstrongylus herreri, Triatoma carrioni, Geographic distribution, vector capacity, North wester Perú. Roughly 6.7 million inhabitants of Peru are American trypanosomiasis control program in estimated to live in Chagas Disease risk areas Northern Peru continues to be neglected by and approximately 680,000 individuals are national public health services. Basic activities infected by the Trypanosoma cruzi1. Information on Chagas disease epidemiology, such as large- on the prevalence of human infection by scale serological and entomological field surveys Trypanosoma rangeli is practically nonexistent. and the control of donors to regional blood banks Even so, the pressing need to implement an are poorly implemented. * Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil. ** Universidad del Tolima, Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical, Colombia. ***Universidade Católica de Brasília, Laboratório de Zoologia, Brasília, DF, Brasil. Research partly supported by FAP-DF and CAPES. 154 Triatomines in the northwest of Peru: species with epidemiological vectorial capacity - C. A. Cuba et al. Four Tribes, seven Genera and fifteen species of Triatomines have been reported in the North of Peru. This value corresponds to, appro- ximately, 11% (15/137) of the valid species of the Triatominae Sub-Family described in the World2. According to the Triatomine list illustrated in Table 1, it is possible to observe a high species diversity in that region. The referred species are distributed in the Departments and Provinces of the Country, associated to a significant ecological diversity, comprising 15 life zones in the studied areas. Biogeographically, these zones include coastal deserts, a complex pattern of Inter- and Trans-Andean warm valleys and wet tropical forests3 (Figure 1). Figure 1. Inter - and Trans-Andean valleys. Satellite I is also it is known that the basic requirements Image of Peruvian Northwestern region including the for the survival of a triatomine are the availability Departments of Tumbes, Piura, Cajamarca, San Martin of food sources, shelter, and biological adaptation and La Libertad. GPS geographical records from particular areas studied in this report. to the macro and micro-environmental variations where they live and prevail. Table 2 shows a group of insects, according to accepted Rhodnius ecuadoriensis biogeographical and behavioral aspects. Vector of the T. rangeli and/or of the T. cruzi Considering those species with the greatest in Peru. Our field studies show that in Andean vector potential, our experience shows that three locations, in the Departments of La Libertad and of them are the ones species exhibiting a strong Cajamarca, domicile infestation rates exceed 35% synanthropic behavior living in human habitats. (detected with Gomez-Nuñes sensors and by a Therefore the, can be regarded as possible targets 6-month follow-up)4. This species frequently of control initiatives undertaken against domestic lives in intradomiciliary settings, constituting stable and peridomestic populations of vector and teeming colonies in human dwellings as well triatomines. Following, detailed information on as in intradomiciliary breeding corrals of Cavia the geographic distribution, synanthropic porcellus (mainly in the kitchens). In the behavior, natural infection, biogeography, and, peridomicile, they colonize adjacent corrals of eco-biological characteristics of those species domestic animals. The ecosystems filled between are given. the inter and trans-Andean valleys are xerophytic Table 1. Triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) described in Northern Peru . Tribe Species Bolboderini Belminus peruvianus Herrer, Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1954 Cavernicolini Cavernicola pilosa Barber, 1937 Rhodnini Rhodnius ecuadoriensis Lent & León, 1958 Rhodnius robustus Larrousse, 1927 Rhodnius pictipes Stál, 1872 Triatomini Eratyrus cuspidatus Stál, 1859 Eratyrus mucronatus Stál, 1859 Hermanlentia matsunoi (Fernández-Loayza, 1989) Panstrongylus chinai (Del Ponte, 1929) Panstrongylus geniculatus (Latreille, 1811) Panstrongylus herreri Wygodzinsky, 1984 (synonym of P. lignarius, Galvão et al, 2003) Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus (Champion, 1899) Triatoma carrioni Larrousse, 1926 Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) Triatoma nigromaculata (Stal, 1872) (?) 155 Triatomines in the northwest of Peru: species with epidemiological vectorial capacity - C. A. Cuba et al. Table 2. Prevailing Triatomine species (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in departments of Northern Peru, according to their synanthropic behavior and preferred habitat Species Departments Preferred habitats Synanthropic in Northern Peru behavior Panstrongylus herreri1 San Martín, Domiciliary (strictly), in (synonym of P. lignarius1) Amazonas, intradomiciliary breeding Cajamarca, Piura corrals of Cavia porcellus Triatoma carrioni2 Cajamarca, Piura, Domiciliary habitat Domiciliary-peridomiciliary (chickens nests in the roofs triatomines, with no of houses; peridomiciliary) silvatic ecotopes identified to date Rhodnius ecuadoriensis2,3 Tumbes, Piura Domiciliary (corrals of Lambayeque, Cavia porcellus) and La Libertad, peridomestic annexes Cajamarca, (chicken corrals) Triatoma dimidiata Tumbes2 Data not available Panstronglus chinai2 Tumbes, Piura, Silvatic-Peridomiciliary Triatomines with strong Lambayeque, (hollow trees and synanthropy and Cajamarca, rock piles) domiciliation evidence La Libertad Ancash, Amazonas Panstrongylus Tumbes, Piura SilvaticDomiciliary rufotuberculatus (present observations in corrals of Cavia porcellus) Panstrongylus Cajamarca, Loreto Silvatic4-Peridomiciliary? geniculatus**** Rhodnius robustus**** San Martin, Loreto Sylvatic (palm trees) -peridomiciliary? Rhodnius pictipes2 San Martín, Loreto Sylvatic (palms- trees) Exclusively silvatic triatomines inhabiting multiple Hermanlentia matsunoi La Libertad Sylvatic (caves) and stable ecotopes Cavernicola pilosa Loreto Sylvatic4 Eratyrus mucronatus San Martin, Loreto Sylvatic4 Eratyrus cuspidatus Tumbes, Piura Sylvatic4 Belminus peruvianus Cajamarca,
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