Item . Venegas’s Noticia de la California (), “the foundation of a library of Californiana” (Cowan), with Consag’s map which conclusively ended the classic cartographic myth that California was an island. A Complete Collection of The Zamorano 

A Selection of Distinguished California Books Made by Members of the Zamorano Club Formed by DANIEL G. VOLKMANN JR.

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AUCTION Wednesday, February , ,  ..

    The Joseph & Mildred Rolph Moore Gallery at The Society of California Pioneers  Fourth Street (at the corner of Folsom Street) San Francisco, California 

 Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books, Inc. .. Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books, Inc. Box  Austin, Texas - Phone -- Fax -- E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.sloanrarebooks.com

Catalogue Editor-in-Chief: Jasmine Star Photography by Eric Beggs, with the assistance of Anthony Sloan Design and typesetting by Bradley Hutchinson at Digital Letterpress, Austin, Texas Printed by the Studley Press in Dalton, Massachusetts

Catalogue descriptions by Anthony Sloan & Dorothy Sloan (assisted by Peter L. Oliver, Jasmine Star & Jason Star)

Historical essays by Gary F. Kurutz & Dr. W. Michael Mathes

AUCTION TWELVE Wednesday, February , ,  p.m.

EXHIBITION Tuesday, February , ,  a.m. to  p.m. Wednesday, February , ,  a.m. to  p.m.

AUCTION CATALOGUE TWELVE Copyright , Gary F. Kurutz, Dr. W. Michael Mathes & Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books, Inc.

Price: . plus applicable sales tax

Dorothy Sloan, Texas State Auctioneers License #

IMPORTANT NOTICE Please note that all lots are sold subject to our Conditions of Sale and Limited Warranty, as set forth at the back of this catalogue. As stated in the Conditions of Sale, all lots are sold on an “as is” basis. Prospective bidders should review the Conditions of Sale and Limited Warranty. All bidders must register.

Seating at the auction will be limited (due to San Francisco city code, space limitations, and our desire to support a non profit historical society). Only registered bidders may attend the live auction. Please phone, fax, or e-mail for a seating reservation if you plan to attend the live auction. We will be pleased to execute your live phone bids or confirmed absentee bids without charge and without responsibility for errors and subject to the Conditons of Sale and Limited Warranty as set forth at the back of this catalogue. TABLE OF CONTENTS

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A Few Words about the Volkmann Collection vii

The Zamorano  xi

Catalogue Arrangement xii

Acknowledgements xiii

The Daniel G. Volkmann Jr. Collection of The Zamorano  

References Cited 

California Colonial Bibliography by W. Michael Mathes 

Index 

Conditions of Sale & Limited Warranty 

v

A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE VOLKMANN COLLECTION  S was born  in the town of Tehama on the Sacramento River in Northern BCalifornia. Her father Andrew Simpson had come across the plains from Pennsylvania in the s and bought ranch land on the banks of the Sacramento River outside of town. He married Emma Allen Owen, born in Mariposa, California, in .The Simpson home and ranch are shown in a lithographic view in The History of Tehama County, Elliot and Moore, Publishers, .

Beatrice Simpson Volkmann Andrew and Emma’s only daughter was sent to Berkeley to board at the Anna Head School. On the death of her father, her mother moved to Oakland, and Beatrice attended the Universi- ty of California. At the end of her sophomore year she was invited to accompany her close friend and Anna Head School classmate Else Schilling and the Schilling family to Europe. The trip last- ed several months, and on her return she did not go back to the University. In , she married Daniel G. Volkmann whose grandfather William Daegener was the Wells Fargo Agent in Columbia, California, in the middle of the gold country, from  to .A fire destroyed much of the town in , including the company building. Daegener rebuilt a new two-story brick building with the family quarters over the office. That Wells Fargo building still stands today in Columbia, now a California State Park. Volkmann’s father, George F. Volkmann, arrived in San Francisco from Bremen, Germany, in  and went to work for the coffeehouse of Folger, Schilling & Co. In ,August Schilling and Volkmann left the firm to found A. Schilling & Co. with Volkmann as one-third owner, later revised to equal ownership. The company sold coffee, tea, baking powder, mustard, and spices.

vii The second premises the company occupied were at  Market Street. Note the -foot pole at curbside with a copper kettle mounted on top from which steam poured out of the spout (see photo). In , the firm erected factory and office buildings at the southeast corner of Second and Folsom Streets on a lot  feet square. On April , , the entire plant was destroyed by the earthquake and fire; it was rebuilt the following year at the same location (see engraving). Today the site is occu- pied by a large, high-rise office building. In , the Volkmann family bought out the Schilling interests and continued the business until ,when it was sold to McCormick & Co. of Baltimore.

A. Schilling & Company at  Market Street. Beatrice Volkmann, with the history of her own family and her husband’s family in California, enjoyed reading about the history of the state. She first bought Grabhorn Press books that were reprints of early California stories and histories. The family pediatrician was Dr. George D. Lyman, author of John Marsh Pioneer: Saga of the Comstock Lode and other books about California. As a good friend and mentor he advised her as she collected and read Californiana over the years. On her death in , her library was appraised by Warren Howell at ,..The most valu- able book was Louis Choris’s Voyage Autour du Monde, valued at ,.Fourteen Zamorano  first edi- tions were included. Her daughter, Virginia Volkmann Bosche, took a few books that interested her, and her son, Daniel G. Volkmann Jr., inherited the remainder. As an architect, the Grabhorn items particularly interested him because of their handsome design. Over the years, A. Schilling & Co. had commissioned a few of the Grabhorn imprints about the company. And Beatrice Volkmann commissioned the Grabhorns to print a limited fine edition in  of a short piece about the founders of the family business by Robert O’Brien, Two Young Men from Bremen, soon after its publi- cation in the San Francisco Chronicle. Dan Volkmann’s wife, Marvin Johnson Volkmann, who died in , was also from a pioneer California family. Her great-great-grandfather, John Conness, emigrated from Ireland to the United States in  and arrived in California in .A few years later he was elected United States Senator from California and served from  to . Mount Conness in Yosemite National Park is named for him.

viii Marvin Volkmann’s grandfather, C. R. Johnson, founded the Union Lumber Company in Fort Bragg, California, in . It was the second-largest producer of redwood lumber in the state for many years. Her father, Otis R. Johnson, and brother, C. Russell Johnson, were successive com- pany presidents until the company was sold in . Dan Volkmann at first bought a few Grabhorns from David Magee and Warren Howell. Later some of the first editions that had been reprinted by the Grabhorns came to auction and were purchased. As his interests grew and became more varied, so did the library.After twenty-nine

Daniel G. Volkmann Jr. years there were some eighteen hundred volumes, including seventy-five Zamorano  first editions. The Volkmann Grabhorn Press collection is among the most complete anywhere. Among the many books illustrated by Valenti Angelo there are three copies, all different, of The Book of Ruth, which Angelo illustrated for the Grabhorn Press. The collection is not restricted to the fine print- ing of the Grabhorn Press alone. A collection of the exquisite imprints of the Allen Press is com- plete. The handsome publications of the Book Club of California are well represented, as are outstanding examples from other California fine presses. A recent acquisition is the magnificent two-volume Holy Bible, with initial letters designed by Sumner Stone and printed at San Fran- cisco’s Arion Press. First editions of California classics include fine copies of the best works of a wide variety of authors: Robinson Jeffers’s The Women at Point Sur; John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath; John Linville Hall’s Journal of the Hartford and Union Mining & Trading Company, ;The Yosemite Book; and early San Francisco directories. Selected works by Bret Harte, Ambrose Bierce, Mary Austin, Jack London, John Muir, Charles Warren Stoddard, and Frank Norris are also represented. Maps in the collection include Jackson’s  Map of the Mining Districts of California; T. H . Jefferson’s  maps of the route to California; Cooke & LeCount’s  map of San Francisco; Colton’s  Map of the United States showing the Gold Regions in California; Quirot Co’s map of San Francisco, ; and Herman Moll’s large color map of North America showing Califor- nia as an island, .

ix In , five of the most rare Zamorano  books were purchased at auction. Shortly thereafter it was discovered that Zamorano  title #,T.J.Farnham’s History of California, was a second edi- tion. After several years of search a very fine copy of the first edition of the Farnham was bought from a private collector, which completed the Zamorano  collection now offered at auction. Mr. Volkmann is a member of the Roxburghe Club of San Francisco, a member and past director of the Book Club of California, a member of the Grolier Club, past president of the Gleason Library Associates of the University of San Francisco, and presently serves on the Council of the Friends of the Bancroft Library.

A. Schilling & Company as it appeared in . THE ZAMORANO 80

   Zamorano Club published The Zamorano :A Selection of Distinguished California Books IMade by Members of the Zamorano Club. The criterion for inclusion was that a selection above all should be distinguished, and that rarity and importance would be secondary. Yet, over time, it appears that the eighty books selected are both distinguished and important, and a number of them are definitely rare. The Club’s goal was to choose those books considered cornerstones of a serious collection of Californiana. The books listed in The Zamorano  for the most part have withstood the test of time. The persons most involved in the selection and approval process were Leslie E. Bliss, Robert G. Cleland, Robert E. Cowan, Homer D. Crotty, Phil Townsend Hanna, J. Gregg Layne, Henry R. Wagner, and Robert J. Woods. Originally, the Zamorano Club intended to make a list con- sisting of one hundred titles, but the committee and their consultants soon discovered that they could not unanimously agree upon the one hundred books which merited inclusion. Under- standably, with human tastes and opinions differing as they invariably do, consensus was no easy task. Furthermore, some members felt very intensely about their selections or rejections. As we know, bibliophiles of all persuasions are an impassioned breed. As Lawrence Clark Powell stated in his introduction to the revised edition of Libros Californianos (Los Angeles: Zeitlin & Ver Brugge, ): “Bibliomania at its worst is a gentle form of psychopathia, though it may have its roots deeply sequestered in the same ego from which spring all those ‘peculiarities of human behavior’ which Stekel has so exhaustively discussed.” In his inimitable fashion, Powell went on to distin- guish two distinct species of confirmed bibliomaniacs: the collector and the student. He said that the collector is concerned with rarity,and the student seeks knowledge. Powell concluded by quot- ing Henry R. Wagner’s pragmatic remarks on his selection of the twenty rarest and most impor- tant books dealing with the history of California: There is no such thing as the twenty rarest and most important works relating to any subject, for the rea- son that the most important books on any subject are not usually rare, and the rarest books on any subject are usually of but little importance except from a collector’s point of view. It would be comparatively easy to make a list of the twenty rarest books relating to California, but extremely difficult to make one of the twenty most important books.... I will not go into the question as to what consti- tutes importance; that depends upon one’s point of view and also of the particular subject under treatment. In such case, the question is one of perspective. To go into such questions would take a book, and when the book was finished probably no one could be found to agree with the conclusion. After much good-spirited dispute, the Zamorano committee and its advisors finally reached a consensus on a list of eighty titles, but only after discarding the twenty most controversial titles. How I would love to know what those twenty discarded titles were—perhaps the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, surely something on Francis Drake and his sojourn in Alta California in , hopefully Louis Choris’s beautiful album Voyage Pittoresque autour de Monde (), maybe Hugo Reid’s  treatise on The Indians of Los Angeles County, or possibly the first book to contain the name “California” (Las sergas de Esplandián, printed at Seville in ). Perhaps J. Goldsbor- ough Bruff’s acutely perceptive and vivaciously illustrated - overland and Gold Rush journal (New York, ) was too fresh off the press for consideration. At any rate, the process of final selection of The Zamorano  was speeded along by the smooth arbitration skills of Zamora- no member and attorney Homer D. Crotty. Or perhaps, as Crotty modestly suggested in the introduction to The Zamorano , harmony might have been achieved due to a special menu

xi at a dinner meeting of the committee, which featured consensus-inducing Long Island duckling a l’orange, Bombe Waikiki, and “other ingredients” which Crotty slyly did not specify. He concluded: “The minds met and so the list now offered had and still retains the fullest approval of all.” Daniel Woodward wisely remarked in the catalogue for an exhibition of the Zamorano  in  and  at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California (The Zamorano : Collectors’ Books about California. An Annotated Check List Occasioned by the Exhibit of Famous and Notorious Califor- nia Classics): From the beginning it has been a favorite sport of collectors to criticize the inclusion of some of the .... If the purpose of such a list is to promote fresh interest in studying, collecting, and preserving the materials of history and literature, there can be no question that, even in warm-spirited controversy, The Zamorano 8 has been an uncommon success. Acquiring all eighty first editions of The Zamorano  is a major achievement. Only one institu- tion (the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University in New Haven, Con- necticut) holds all eighty of the first editions. The Bancroft Library at the University of Califor- nia at Berkeley and the Huntington Library at San Marino, California, lack only the Yellow Bird (Zamorano  #). Daniel G. Volkmann Jr., Henry H. Clifford, Thomas W. Streeter, and Freder- ick W.Beinecke are the only confirmed private collectors who achieved the distinction of acquir- ing all eighty first editions of The Zamorano . Daniel G. Volkmann Jr. has achieved a historic milestone. Congratulations to Mr. Volkmann for joining a very exclusive circle. —Dorothy Sloan

For more information on the Zamorano Club, see: WOODWARD, Daniel (editor). HUNTINGTON LIBRARY. The Zamorano : Collectors’ Books about California. An Annotated Check List Occasioned by the Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics [cover title]. [Printed by Richard J. Hoffman for the Huntington Library, ]. FULLERTON, George E., Carey S. Bliss, Tyrus G. Harmsen & Edwin H. Carpenter. The Zamorano Club: The First Half Century, -. Los Angeles: [Printed by Richard J. Hoffman for] The Zamorano Club, .

xii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

  of this catalogue involved contributions of many persons far too numerous to Tmention. First, I thank Daniel G. Volkmann Jr. and his mother, Beatrice Simpson Volkmann, for possessing the collecting instincts that enabled them over time to assemble this collection of the first editions of The Zamorano . Mr. Volkmann should also be thanked for willingly sharing his historical bounty with collectors and institutions at this public auction and allowing others to experience the joy of acquiring some of the rare titles and exceptional copies. Our firm thanks Mr. Volkmann for selecting Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books to handle this collection. Since The Zamorano  was created almost sixty years ago, a great deal has been spoken and writ- ten about those eighty books. There finally comes a point when one wonders what is possibly left to say about The Zamorano . Thus, it seemed important to bring fresh insights to these books. Despite many professional demands on his time, Gary F. Kurutz graciously agreed to write new historical essays for this catalogue. When the amount of work proved too demanding for the time frame, Dr. W. Michael Mathes came on board to assist. Without a doubt, Gary’s and Mike’s robust notes are the best thing about this catalogue, and I am eternally in their debt for the depth that their essays bring. Furthermore, it has been one of the most pleasant and enlightening expe- riences of my professional life to work with two such knowledgeable and inspiring gentlemen. In the course of communication with Mike and Gary, I learned about Mike’s article and bibliogra- phy on the “Historiography of the Californias: Imprints of the Colonial Period, -,” which was published in the California State Library Foundation Bulletin (No. ,Winter/Spring ,pp.-). Reprinted at the end of this catalogue is Mike’s excellent bibliography, which will prove useful to collectors and institutions interested in California history. An expanded pub- lication of this bibliography would be a worthwhile endeavor. One last word on dynamic author and thorough bibliographer Gary F. Kurutz—if it were possible to travel back through time to the negotiations involved in the delightfully torturous selection process for The Zamorano , there is no doubt that if Gary’s massive The California Gold Rush: A Descriptive Bibliography had existed in , his bibliography would have been one of the contestants for which there would be no dissenting votes. The large number of copies of The Zamorano  books in the Volkmann collection containing Warren R. Howell’s lightly penciled cost code and notes on the rear endpapers are a poignant reminder of a great bookman who was an extraordinary, energetic, and inimitable force in the antiquarian book world. Thanks and remembrance are in order from all of us who have been touched by Warren’s passion for books and anyone who obtained books, knowledge, and experi- ence from him. Warren may not have had all eighty of The Zamorano Eighty in his possession simul- taneously, but all eighty of the selections passed through his hands—some several times. Warren greatly assisted Henry H. Clifford and Daniel G. Volkmann Jr. in building their collections of The Zamorano . Very special thanks go to the indefatigable, unfailingly patient, and understanding Jasmine Star, who supervised catalogue preparation and edited the work and research of many. She was ably assisted by Anthony Sloan, Jason Star, and Peter L. Oliver. Special thanks to Eric Beggs of the Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin for his expert photograph- ic eye and gentle handling of the books, and Bradley Hutchinson of Digital Letterpress for his usual brilliant design and careful supervision of printing. Thanks for help with research and other assistance of various sorts go to Michael D. Heaston ( Michael D. Heaston, Rare Books & Man-

xiii uscripts, Austin, Texas), William Reese and Terry Halliday (William Reese Company, New Haven, Connecticut), Alan Jutzi (Huntington Library, San Marino, California), Ron Tyler (Director, Texas State Historical Association, Austin, Texas), Jeffrey Thomas ( Jeffrey Thomas, Fine & Rare Books, San Francisco, California), Jennifer Larson and Jeffrey H. Marks ( Jeffrey H. Marks, Rare Books, Rochester,New York), David W.Forbes (Honolulu, Hawaii), Anthony Powell (California Collectible Books, Martinez, California), Anne McCormick ( Hordern House, Sydney, Australia), Gaston Renard (Ivanhoe, Victoria, Australia), Everett Wilkie (Americana Exchange, Austin, Texas), and fellow Zamorano  enthusiast Gordon J. Van De Water (Diamond Bar, California), for whom no question was ever too insignificant or too great for serious consideration. —Dorothy Sloan

A NOTE ON THE CATALOGUE ARRANGEMENT B descriptions, citations, and notes are the work of the staff of Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books, Inc. The historical essays which appear below the ornament were written by Gary F. Kurutz and Dr. W. Michael Mathes. Gary F. Kurutz has been the Director of Special Collections for the California State Library in Sacramento since .Previously, he served as Sutro Librarian, Library Director of the Cal- ifornia Historical Society, and Bibliographer of Western Americana at the Henry E. Huntington Library. Kurutz has written extensively on California subjects including The California Gold Rush: A Descriptive Bibliography. For many years he has been Chairman of the Publications Committee of The Book Club of California. He is the recipient of the Oscar Lewis Award from The Book Club of California. Dr. W. Michael Mathes is the Honorary Curator of Mexicana at the Sutro Library, Professor Emeritus of History at the University of San Francisco, and Library Director of El Colegio de Jalisco (Guadalajara, Mexico). He is the recipient of many awards for his contributions to the colonial history of Mexico, including the prestigious Orden Mexicana del Aguila Azteca. A    : Title pages for some entries, such as  (Atherton) and  (Bell) are slightly distorted, appearing cropped at the left margin. This is because we did not wish to risk hurting any book by opening it too wide in order to photograph the entire width of a title page.

xiv Item . Complete set of Bancroft’s Works, handsomely bound. “Contains more material about California than can be found in any other history” (Huntington Exhibit).

Item . Lithograph of “Chinese Camp” from Borthwick’s Three Years in California.

  Item . Carson’s Early Recollections of the Mines—the first book printed in Stockton and a rare, early Gold Rush account with Gibbes’s rare Map of the Southern Mines.

  Items  & . Twain’s California classics in original cloth—The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County & Roughing It.

Item . Humorous engraving of a U.S. deserter on his way to the mines, from Colton’s Three Years in California.

  Item . First issue of Dana’s Two Years before the Mast. “The best account of California before the conquest” (Dr. James D. Hart).

  Item . Duflot de Mofras. “One of the great books of the West Coast” (Graff), with a “landmark map” (Wheat).

  Item . Emory’s Notes of a Military Reconnoissance, with large folding map, one of “the most important milestones in the cartographic development and accurate delineation of the Southwest” (Wheat).

Item . Frémont’s Report and map, which “changed the entire picture of the West” (Wheat).

  Item . Hastings’s rare  Guide, in original printed wrappers. “One of the first and most famous of the ‘overlands’ to the Pacific” (Streeter).

  Item . First edition of Kotzebue’s voyage, “one of the significant early accounts of California” (Forbes), with plates in full color.

Item . Color plate from the first edition of Kotzebue, illustrating butterflies sighted in California.

  Item . Large-paper copy of La Pérouse, with an account of California by the first foreign vistors after establishment of the missions.

  Item . First edition of Zenas Leonard’s Narrative, fine in original cloth, “the rarest and most sought-after book associated with Yosemite, the sequoias, and the High Sierra” (Kurutz).

  Item . Famous view of street scene on the waterfront of San Francisco in  (from Marryat’s Mountains and Molehills).

  Item  & A. McGlashan’s History of the Donner Party, the definitive account of the overland tragedy, and the rare advertising poster.

  Item A. Superb original autograph letter from John Muir—“Have you noticed the efforts being made by San Francisco dollar schemers as well as the misled honest ones to beguile the government to let them invade the new Yosemite National Park for a City water supply?”

  Item .Views of San Francisco in  and  showing the remarkable growth due to the Gold Rush, from Bayard Taylor’s Eldorado.

  Item .Thornton’s Oregon and California ()—Author’s presentation copy to Oregon missionary David Leslie, with Colton’s  map showing the gold region.

  Item . First edition of Vancouver’s Voyage ()—“one of the most important accounts of the exploration of the Pacific Northwest” (Streeter), with magnificent views, charts, and maps.

  Items , , , ,  & . Pictorial cloth bindings of Zamorano  selections.

  Items , , , , A & . Pictorial cloth bindings of Zamorano  selections.

  The Daniel G. Volkmann Jr. Collection of the Zamorano 

 Item . Atherton’s Splendid Idle Forties. “The finest stories ever written about early California” (Hanna).

 [  ]

ATHERTON, Gertrude [Franklin Horn] (-). The Splendid Idle Forties. Stories of Old California.... New York & London: Macmillan & Co., . vii []  pp.,  halftone plates by Harrison Fisher. vo, original red pictorial cloth in gilt and colors. Spine slightly dark, joints rubbed, extremities lightly worn, corners bumped, a few minor spots to binding, lower hinge starting, occasional mild foxing (mainly affecting a few of the plates and adjacent leaves), overall very good, the lovely pictorial upper cover with mission and poppy motifs fine and bright. With Beatrice Simpson Volkmann’s pencil notations on front pastedown: “st ed. Rummage Sale.” Armorial bookplate of Josselyn on front pastedown. On lower pastedown is the small printed cream pictorial label of San Francisco bookseller Robertson’s. First edition thus (revised and enlarged edition of Before the Gringo Came, ). Baird-Greenwood . Barrett, Baja California n. Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. .Howell , California . Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Johnson, p. .LC,California Centennial . Norris . Notable American Women I, pp. -.Powell, California Classics, pp. -:“Atherton’s stories of love and death, bull and bear fights, moonlight meriendas, horse races and fancy dress balls, are increasingly mean- ingful and precious. They are truly classics of Californiana” Zamorano  # (Leslie E. Bliss): “Perhaps the best known collection of stories of that romantic period of California history when the incoming Americans were first intermingling with the Californians of rancho and presidio.” Lawrence Clark Powell (California Classics, p. ) tells of trying to locate a copy and being told by a Boston bookseller who could not find one in his shop: “Don’t blame me.... It used to be a common book. Then some nuts out west got out a bibliography of what they claimed were the best books of Californiana, including The Splendid Idle Forties.”(-)

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A   Lawrence Clark Powell, in his California Classics, bibliographer and historian Phil Townsend Hanna proclaimed Atherton’s Splendid Idle Forties as “the finest stories ever written about early California.” While agreeing with Hanna, Powell went on to remark: “Although romantic, mechanically plotted, and the- atrical in characterization, they are nevertheless essentially faithful to history,landscape, and human motiva- tion. They poignantly embody the drama of that crucial decade.” Her novel, along with Helen Hunt Jack- son’s Ramona, gave us the popular and nostalgic Anglo-American view of Spanish California and its demise during the Gold Rush. As brought out in her novel, California, however, was not splendid for women as the ruling families and the church overly protected them, denied them worldly experience, and relegated them to subservient roles. Atherton, along with Jack London, was California’s first native-born novelist to achieve international fame. Unlike London, she was born into and married into elite California families. Her husband, George, was the son of the wealthy pioneer, Faxon Dean Atherton. After launching her career as a writer, she rejected her native soil as too provincial and conservative and lived in London and New York. As related in her autobiog- raphy, Adventures of a Novelist (), Atherton was considering what to write next and happened upon a maga- zine article whose words caught her eye: “Why do California writers neglect the old Spanish life of that state? Never has there been anything more picturesque and romantic in the history of America, and it is a mine of wealth waiting for some bright genius to pan out.” At that moment, Atherton must have thought she had been struck by a literary lightning bolt. She turned her full attention back to California and hit pay dirt. Like Jack- son’s preparation for Ramona, Atherton interviewed descendants of the California dons, visited the missions and towns from the old Spanish days, and read such poignant works as Dana’s Two Years before the Mast (q.v.)and Hittell’s massive four-volume History of California (q.v.). Her own family likewise provided much information. By the time she put pen to paper, she had a thorough command of the people, places, and events of the s. The novelist first published her stories in English magazines (she was rejected by American editors) and then as a single volume with eleven stories entitled Before the Gringo Came (J. Selvin Tair & Sons, ). “The Pearls of Loreto,” the longest story,was her favorite. A decade later she had a new publisher, Macmillan, who

 agreed to reprint eleven stories from the earlier edition plus two more. However, the sluggish sales of Before the Gringo Came caused her to worry that the original title had little appeal. In making the title change, she related that a critic, after reading one of her other novels, wrote: “‘Why doesn’t Mrs. Atherton give us more stories of the splendid idle forties?’ I immediately wrote my New York publisher to change the title of this book to The Splendid Idle Forties, which carried the stories to a long steady sale.” No doubt, too, the eye appeal of its spec- tacular pictorial binding and the “romance novel” style of illustrations by Harrison Fisher boosted sales. She dedicated the book to the Bohemian Club for placing its splendid library at her disposal. In , Stokes of New York published an enlarged edition with the old, bothersome title, Before the Gringo Came. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Gertrude Atherton, Adventures of a Novelist (New York: Liveright, ); Emily Wortis Leider, California’s Daughter: Gertrude Atherton (Stanford: Stanford University Press, ), pp. -; Oscar Lewis, Preface to The Splendid Idle Forties: Six Stories of Spanish California (Kentfield: The Allen Press, ); Lawrence Clark Powell, California Classics (Los Angeles: The Ward Ritchie Press, ), pp. -.

Item . Atherton’s dedication to the Bohemian Club for placing its library at her disposal.

 [  ]

AUSTIN, Mary [Hunter] (-). The Land of Little Rain. Boston & New York: Houghton, Mifflin, . xi []  [] pp., pictorial title page, frontispiece,  halftone plates and numerous marginal decorations by E. Boyd Smith, text illustrations. Square vo, original gilt-lettered olive green pictorial ribbed cloth, t.e.g. Very slightly shelf-slanted, overall fine and bright. Front pastedown with two bookplates (Edward Robeson Taylor and Edward Dewitt Taylor, noted fine printers of San Francisco; see Hart, Companion to California, p. ). With pencil notes on lower pastedown by Warren R. Howell of John Howell–Books: “. HME st ed. Very fine copy Zamorano .” Consignor code HME indicates that this copy came from the collection of Dr. Herbert M. Evans, bibliophile and discoverer of Vitamin E. First edition of author’s first book, first printing; distinguishing factors of the first printing include tipped-in pub- lisher’s note about illustrator (rather than integral) and illustrations printed in dark brown ink. Cowan II, p. . Dykes, Fifty Great Western Illustrators (Smith) .Edwards, Enduring Desert, p. . Graff .Howell , California : “The illustrations and marginal decoration by E. Boyd Smith vividly capture the atmosphere of the desert life described in this literary classic.” Howes A. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notori- ous California Classics .LC,California Centennial . Norris . Notable American Women I, pp. -: “Mary Austin determined upon a writing career. While moving with her husband from one parched desert town to another she worked at the craft and made studies of the Indians she encountered. A dozen years of ‘picking and prying’ into the mysteries of the wastelands at last crystallized in fourteen sketches which she wrote at white heat. They were published in  as The Land of Little Rain, her first book, which brought her sudden renown and survives yet as a Western classic.... Mary Austin’s chief accomplishment as an author remains her treatment of the arid regions of the West and their manifold life, including that of the Indian.” Powell, California Classics, pp. -; Land of Fact :“The California-Nevada borderlands east of the Sierra Nevada are the setting of these clairvoy- ant essays, which won the author a place in American literature.... There are many editions of her first book to choose from. The first and a later one, with Ansel Adams photographs, are costly.” Streeter Sale .Walker, A Literary History of Southern California, pp. -, -. Zamorano  #.(-)

.AUSTIN, Mary [Hunter]. The Land of Little Rain. Boston & New York, []. x []  [] pp., pictorial title page, frontispiece,  halftone plates and numerous marginal decorations by E. Boyd Smith, text illustra- tions. vo, original tan pictorial cloth. Fine in very good d.j. (lightly worn, chipped, and darkened). Later printing. The d.j. blurb includes a comment by H. G. Wells: “Mary Austin will live when many of the portentous reputations of to-day may have served their purpose in the world and become no more than fading names.” (-)

.AUSTIN, Mary [Hunter]. The Land of Little Rain. Boston & Cambridge: Houghton Mifflin and Company & Riverside Press, . xviii []  [] pp.,  photoplates by Ansel Adams, endpaper maps. to, original yellow and orange cloth. Very fine in near fine d.j. (light chipping and slightly faded). First printing of this handsome edition of Austin’s  classic, enhanced by the addition of Ansel Adams’s superb photographs. Introduction by Carl Van Doren. (-)

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T  to the high California desert consists of fourteen sketches based on personal observation follow- ing solitary sojourns tramping through desert trails and “the streets of the mountains.” Mary Austin, natu- ralist, feminist, mystic, and poet, wrote thirty-five books and hundreds of articles during her lifetime, but The Land of Little Rain, her first book, is regarded as her masterpiece. Her nature writings have been compared to those of John Muir (q.v.), John Burroughs, and Henry David Thoreau. Living in the little town of Indepen- dence, Inyo County, she, more than anyone, succeeded in conveying the beauty of this simultaneously for- bidding yet magnetic landscape with its hardy mixture of plants, animals, and human beings. Lawrence

 Item . Mary Austin’s Land of Little Rain—“Ranks among the all-time great books on California, and an acknowledged classic of the desert” (Edwards).

 Clark Powell summed up the beauty of her words, writing: “With her feet on earth and her head in the sky, she gave voice in singing prose to the soul of a hitherto unsung land.” Through her carefully crafted essays, she conveyed to her readers the feel of the soil, the inherent beauty of the desert flora, the graceful move- ments of the rattlesnake, and the pleasant aromas emanating from a Native American cooking bowl. Impor- tantly, Austin painted a word picture of an Owens Valley that would soon be changed forever when a thirsty Los Angeles siphoned off the life-giving water from this “land of little rain.” Living in the Mojave Desert represented an acquired taste and her sense of place dominates the book. Austin develops wonderful portraits of the people she encountered and befriended, in addition to the land- scape and flora. Miners, ranchers, and Native Americans all struggled to scratch out a living. In describing this grudging coexistence, she wrote, “For all the toil the desert takes of a man, it gives compensations, deep breath, deep sleep, and the communion of the stars.” While not claiming to be an authority on the various tribes, she acquired a keen insight and respect for the ways of the first people. They knew how to make peace with the land. Her best essay, “The Basket-Maker,” focused on the heroic life of Seyavi, one of the surviving Paiutes who lost her husband and had to somehow support her baby boy alone in this desert land. Austin strongly identified with her independence, writing “how much more easily one can do without a man than might at first be supposed.” Gaining strength, Seyavi returns to her art of making baskets for both love and money until age takes over, her skills diminish, and she becomes blind, patiently awaiting death. Austin reflected: “Indian women do not often live to great age, though they look incredibly steeped in years. They have the wit to win sustenance from the raw material of life without intervention.” A number of Austin’s desert sketches were first published in the Atlantic Monthly. Bliss Perry, editor at both the Atlantic Monthly and Houghton Mifflin, was so impressed that he agreed to publish these and others as a book. It was published in October  and succeeded in bringing the author a comfortable income and launched her career as a serious writer. Houghton Mifflin embellished The Land of Little Rain with handsome full-page and marginal line drawings by Elmer Boyd Smith. The publisher proudly noted that “His familiar- ity with the region and his rare artistic skill have enabled him to give the very atmosphere of the desert.” An otherwise laudatory review of the book by George Hamlin Fitch for the Sunday San Francisco Chronicle (November , ), unbelievably called Smith’s illustrations “an impertinence” believing that Austin’s pow- erful verbal pictures were quite enough. Smith’s illustrations, however, added considerably to the overall charm of the book and, with its generous page margins, superbly complement Austin’s prose and make it a classic of book illustration. Apparently Smith pleased the author as he illustrated three more of her books. The Land of Little Rain was one of several California desert books published in the first decade of the twen- tieth century, demonstrating that writers of merit were finding this vast barren land an appealing subject. John C. Van Dyke’s The Desert (), Ida Strobridge’s In Miner’s Mirage Land (), and George Wharton James’s The Wonders of the Colorado Desert () all deserve recognition. James’s elegant two-volume work closely contests The Land of Little Rain for inclusion in this elite listing. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Augusta Fink, I—Mary: A Biography of Mary Austin (Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, ); Jacqueline D. Hall, “Mary Hunter Austin,” in A Literary History of the American West (Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, ), pp. -;Lawrence Clark Powell, California Classics (Los Angeles: The Ward Ritchie Press, ), pp. -.

 Item . Bancroft’s Works—“As time passes and prejudice drifts into obscurity, these works become more strongly entrenched each year. For scholars and investigators they will always remain the greatest source of authority” (Cowan). [  ]

BANCROFT, H[ubert] H[owe] (-). Works. San Francisco: A. L. Bancroft & Company & The His- tory Company, -.  vols., complete (engraved portrait of Bancroft, maps, some folding, and text illustrations), vo, original full tan levant morocco, upper and lower covers gilt-ruled and gilt-decorated, spines gilt with raised bands, inner gilt dentelles, marbled endpapers and edges. Vol. , Native Races, in slightly different binding although spine is uniform with other vols. (a variant binding and marbled endpapers differ slightly—perhaps an extremely well-matched rebinding?). A few inconsequential flaws, such as light wear to spinal extremities of a small number of vols., an occasional bumped corner, one vol. with old tape repair to rear free endpaper, but overall an excellent and handsome set in a desirable, durable binding. First edition, mixed printings (Howes & LC state -,but Howes notes that the set went through sev- eral printings). Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. :“As time passes and prejudice drifts into obscurity,these works become more strongly entrenched each year. For scholars and investigators they will always remain the great- est source of authority.”Edwards, Enduring Desert, pp. -. Graff .Howell , California .Howes B. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Libros Californianos (Hanna list), pp. . Norris . Smith .Walgren, The Scallawagiana Hundred: A Selection of the Hundred Most Important Books about the Mormons and Utah  (citing vol. , Utah). Tweney, The Washington  #.Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier, pp. -. Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush . Zamorano  #.( vols.) (,-,)

.BANCROFT, H[ubert] H[owe]. California Pastoral. The Works...History of Pastoral California - [Vol.  of the Works]. San Francisco: The History Co., . vi,  pp. vo, original sheep, black leather spine labels. Binding abraded and worn (as is often the case with the sheep binding), upper hinge a bit loose, marginal browning to endpapers (due to contact of the acidic binding with the paper), internally fine. First edition. Adams, Guns : “Scarce. Information on train and stagecoach robberies, Murieta, Juan Soto, and Vásquez.” Libros Californianos, pp. - (Powell commentary on California Pastoral and California Inter Poc- ula): “[These] are his two greatest books, and moreover, the two foremost works of their type.... The first is a commendable exegesis of ante-gringo days, and the latter a similar fine presentation of gold days and there- after.... To those who have disparaged Bancroft’s methods and questioned his own literary ability, California Pastoral and California Inter Pocula will always stand in refutation. These were his own literary products, and they stand head and shoulders above his other volumes.” Not in Adams’s Rampaging Herd,but replete with information on ranching. (-) [e\ B’ -- history is the most ambitious publishing project ever undertaken in the western United States. His seven-volume History of California for the years its covers (-) is still the foundation study, the first source for any serious research. Legendary in their length, the footnotes alone make his history worth its weight in factual and bibliographic gold, and his list of over one thousand “Author- ities Quoted” is an invaluable aid. Bancroft saw in his publication a great western epic comparing himself to Homer with one notable exception: “Homer dealt in myth,” he wrote, “I should deal in facts; Homer’s were the writings of poetical genius, mine of plodding prose.” Coming to San Francisco in , it did not take long for the young enterprising native of Ohio to estab- lish a flourishing bookstore, and in the s he began assembling a great library for the purpose of docu- menting the history of his adopted state and the entire Pacific Slope from Alaska to Central America. Taking sixteen years to complete, the publication of Bancroft’s Works is a marvel of research and publishing organi- zation. It is no accident that he called his venture “The History Company.” Working out of the Bancroft Building, he hired a team of researchers and writers to organize, catalog, index, and transform an ocean of primary source material into narrative history. Bancroft quickly realized he could not do all the writing. Henry L. Oak, his trusted librarian, wrote the first five volumes on California and the text for the histories of

 New Mexico and Arizona. Frances Fuller Victor produced the volumes on the other western states and terri- tories. Bancroft himself wrote most of the topical volumes including the wonderful account of pre-American life and culture, California Pastoral, and the fascinating summary of his grand endeavor, Literary Industries. While the history factory churned out the prose, Bancroft simultaneously directed an aggressive advertis- ing campaign, selling the set by subscription. He offered customers the following binding options: . “bound in extra English cloth”; . “bound in fine leather, library style”; . “bound in half calf, half Russia or half morocco”; and . “bound in Russian leather, or tree calf.” Full sets ranged in price from . to . His army of agents sold over , sets or about , volumes. What an incredible feat. Kevin Starr drew an apt comparison: “The Big Four built railroads. Bancroft built history.” Over the years, Bancroft’s detailed histories have, not surprisingly, produced their critics and champions. The failure to formally acknowledge the contributions of Oak, Victor, and others caused the greatest contro- versy, branding him as “a purloiner of other people’s brains.” The coverage in the last volume of the History of California is weak compared to the previous six. Others challenged his biases and stance on controversial subjects, but as Bernard De Voto wrote, “His prejudices are open, well known, and easily adjustable.” Franklin Walker summed it up best: “One would not go far wrong in asserting that Hubert Howe Bancroft accomplished the greatest feat of historiography since Thucydides.” In  Wallace Hebberd published a facsimile edition of the History of California with an introduction by Governor Edmund G. Brown. The usefulness of the seven volumes was greatly enhanced by the Zamorano Club’s The Zamorano Index to History of California by Hubert Howe Bancroft,  vols., edited by Everett Gordon Hager and Anna Marie Hager (Los Angeles: University of Southern California, ). —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :John Walton Caughey, Hubert Howe Bancroft, Historian of the West (Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, ); Kevin Starr, Americans and the California Dream, - (New York: Oxford University Press, ), pp. -;Franklin Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, ), pp. -.

 Item . Hubert Howe Bancroft (-).

 Item . The preferred quarto edition of Beechey’s Narrative—“Beechey was the commander of the first foreign expedition to visit California after the formation of the Mexican Republic, and thus his observations, notable for their lack of political and social commentary, are most valuable” (Mathes). [  ]

BEECHEY,F[rederick] W[illiam] (-). Narrative of a Voyage to the Pacific and Beering’s Strait, to Co-Operate with the Polar Expeditions: Performed in His Majesty’s Ship Blossom, under the Command of Captain F. W. Beechey...in the Years , , , .... London: Henry Colburn & Richard Bentley, . xxi [,errata] [, directions to binder]  + vii [, directions to binder] []- pp.,  copper-engraved maps, including  large folding maps: Chart Shewing the Track of H.M.S. Blossom and the Situation of Her Discoveries in --- (. x  cm; ⅜ x ⅞ inches); and Chart of Part of the Northwest Coast America from Point Rodney to Point Barrow by Captain F. W. Beechey (. x  cm;  ⅝ x  inches),  plates ( engraved,  lithographic), errata slip bound in before page v of second volume, without publisher’s one-leaf ad at end of vol.  (not mentioned by most bibliogra- phers).  vols., to, contemporary smooth tan calf (neatly rebacked in sympathetic tan morocco, original gilt- lettered green calf spine labels preserved), spines with raised bands, marbled endpapers. Binding shelf-worn and with some abrasions (a few separations of calf at edges), corners bumped, intermittent mild to heavy fox- ing, offsetting, and staining. Two armorial bookplates (foxed): Thomas Philip, Earl de Grey, Wrest Park, and William M. Fitzhugh Jr. Small navy blue printed book label of San Francisco bookseller Newbegin’s on rear pastedowns. Old typewritten note, probably from Newbegin’s, laid in: “An additional indication of early issue is that this copy probably was issued before the half-page supplementary errata slip was tipped in.” First edition, the preferred quarto edition, with scientific appendix that did not appear in the subsequent octavo edition of the same year; engraved plates dated .The Zamorano  bibliography does not mention the present edition. Cowan I, pp. -.Cowan II, p. n. Ferguson, Australia .Forbes, Hawaiian National Bibliography . Hill, p.  (also describing a one-vol. quarto issue of  with all prelims at beginning). Hol- liday .Howell , California : “Beechey’s account includes details on the Bounty mutiny taken from the narrative of John Adams, the last surviving mutineer on Pitcairn Island.... Beechey’s party was commissioned to rendezvous with Captain Franklin, who was proceeding westward along the northern coast of Canada in an attempt to find the Northwest Passage. The two groups came within  miles of one another,almost com- pleting the survey of the coastline.” Howes B. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Lada-Mocarski : “In the same year, , there appeared an octavo edition, with the same imprint. The...quarto edition is much to be preferred, as the octavo edition does not contain all the scientific papers.... Furthermore, the plates, which are dated  (as against the quarto edition), are not uniformly of the same high quality.... Much of importance on Alaska.” Norris  (vo edition). Sabin . Streeter Sale .Van Nostrand & Coulter, California Pictorial, pp. -n. Zamorano  # (Robert J. Woods): “[Beechey] gives a description of San Francisco harbor and tells of the sad state of affairs of both mission and presidio. He claimed that the soldiers and clergy were dissatisfied with conditions in California (the pay of the garrison was many years in arrears). He described the treatment of mission Indians and the hunting of the wild ones, the latter’s mode of life as taken from the journals of Spanish officers.” The excellent plates are after the original artwork of Richard Brydges Beechey and William Smyth. “The art works of Captain Beechey’s two artists are the first [California] expeditionary paintings to possess aesthetic as well as docu- mentary value” (Van Nostrand, The First Hundred Years of Painting in California, p. ). It was during this expedition that Beechey created early and most influential charts of the harbor of San Francisco. Harlow (Maps of San Francisco Bay ) discusses and illustrates Beechey’s original manuscript map: “Beechey had been instructed before undertaking the expedition to make careful surveys in the Pacific where such had not been previously completed, and his men were constantly engaged in this business at San Fran- cisco during the  visit. Under Beechey’s direction they examined in two months’ time the portions of the harbor which he felt were most likely to be frequented by vessels for years to come.... Following the publica- tion of the Beechey chart in , it became the authoritative guide to the bay and remained so until well into the American period.... It became the source of a long line of copies and adaptations.” Beechey’s chart does not appear in the present work (although information on its creation is found in the book). Beechey’s manu- script map was copied and published (in whole or part) by the British Hydrographical Office (Chart No. , ; Harlow , ), Richardson (The Geology of Beechey’s Voyage, ; Harlow ), Forbes (q.v.; Harlow ),

 Duflot de Mofras (q.v.; Harlow , ), Wilkes (; Harlow , ), Tebien’kov (Atlas, ), an unidentified Russian atlas in the Bancroft Library (probably issued before ), Ringgold (A Series of Charts and Sailing Directions, ), Imray (Chart of the Coast of California, ), British Hydrographical Office (,a reprint of the  issue with additions). Harlow comments: “The Beechey influence upon San Francisco Bay charts persisted for many years.” ( vols.) (,-,)

. BEECHEY, F[rederick] W[illiam]. An Account of a Visit to California -’:Reprinted from a Narrative of a Voyage to the Pacific and Beering’s Strait Performed in His Majesty’s Ship Blossom.... [San Francisco: Printed at the Grabhorn Press for the Book Club of California, []. []  [] pp., decorated title, text ornamentation,  colored plates (from Smyth’s original watercolor drawings), map. Small folio, original vellum over red cloth. Some mild staining to binding, otherwise very fine, with original prospectus laid in. Limited edition ( copies), with introduction by Edith M Coulter and additional previously unpublished text, plus the reproductions of Smyth’s wonderful watercolors (only one of which was used in the original edition) and Beechey’s previously unpublished map of San Francisco Bay. Grabhorn (-) #. (-) [e\ M  in  and establishment of the Mexican Republic in  found the new state dev- astated from a decade of warfare and economic neglect, and separated from the benefits of colonial com- merce and communication. The withdrawal of Spain from the Pacific Coast had left the Naval Department of San Blas without officers and ships, and thereby, maritime supply and communication to the Californias ceased. To rebuild, Mexico looked to European powers, particularly England and France, for loans, and these were forthcoming, but at a high price. To encourage economic investment and aid, Mexico opened the country to the free entry of foreigners for the first time since . England, not only interested in economic benefits in Mexico, continued in the search for a water passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and with all possibilities in somewhat temperate areas eliminated by the explo- rations of George Vancouver in ,renewed exploration for a Northwest Passage in the high Arctic. In  Trent, under Lieutenant John Franklin, explored westward from Hudson Bay, and in the following year Hecla, under Lieutenant W.E. Parry,returned to the area, while Franklin explored the coast east of the Coppermine River by land. This exploration was expanded in -, with Franklin pushing into Alaska where he was to meet with a maritime contingency at Kotzebue Sound. Under the command of Frederick William Beechey, who had served in the War of  and on Trent and Hecla, Blossom sailed from Spithead in May,called at Tener- ife, Brazil, Chile, and Hawaii, reaching Petropavlovsk on the Kamchatka Peninsula in June, . Beechey initiated exploration in July, reaching Kotzebue Sound and surveying into the Arctic Ocean to Point Barrow. In September, he returned southward, on November  anchoring in San Francisco where he was well-received by commandant Ignacio Martínez and Fray Tomás Esténega. A party was sent overland to Monterey to obtain supplies, San Francisco Bay was surveyed, and excursions were made to Santa Clara, San José, San Juan Bautista, Santa Cruz, and San Carlos Borromeo missions, during which geographical, botan- ical, zoological, and ethnographic observations were recorded. On December , Beechey sailed for Mon- terey; there he was supplied by the English factor William E. P.Hartnell, and on January , , he departed for Hawaii for further provisions. Continuing to Okinawa in May, Beechey, after making extensive observa- tions, returned to Kamchatka in July by way of the China coast. Returning to Bering Strait, Beechey again failed to contact Franklin, who had returned eastward from Point Beechey in August  and reached Eng- land in September .From Bering Strait, Beechey surveyed southwestward to the Seward Peninsula, thence southward along the coast to Monterey, where he remained from October  to December . After adding to the information collected on his prior visit, Beechey returned to San Francisco and sailed for San Blas on January , .The expedition reached England in October. Beechey was the commander of the first foreign expedition to visit California after the formation of the Mexican Republic, and thus his observations, notable for their lack of political and social commentary, are

 most valuable. In addition to his objectivity, his text regarding his sojourn in California is precise and exten- sive, and particularly important in regard to his observations of the beginnings of mission secularization, expansion of the ranches of Alta California, and the nature of commerce in the region. Beechey’s Narrative, in addition to its precision, is noted for its fine maps and engraved and lithographic plates, all demonstrating advances in the graphic arts of the period. Of particular note is the classic “Califor- nians Throwing the Lasso,” depicting a vaquero roping the horns of an already calf-roped cow, apparently with San Juan Bautista in the background; this image was reproduced on numerous occasions in the nine- teenth century.Subsequent English-language editions of Beechey’s narrative were published in Philadelphia (), San Francisco (), and New York (in facsimile, ); a German-language edition appeared in Weimar in . Abstracts of botanical, zoological, and ethnographic sections in English appeared in Lon- don in  and ; New York in ; and Oxford in . —W.Michael Mathes

Item . William Smyth’s celebrated and oft-reprinted image of “Californians Throwing the Lasso.” “The art works of Captain Beechey’s two artists are the first [California] expeditionary paintings to possess aesthetic as well as documentary value” ( Jeanne Van Nostrand).

 Item . Major Horace Bell’s Reminiscences of a Ranger. “The first cloth-bound book to be printed, bound, and published in the city of Los Angeles” (Layne). [  ]

BELL, Horace (-). Reminiscences of a Ranger; or, Early Times in Southern California. Los Angeles: Yarnell, Caystile & Mathes, Printers, .[]- pp. (complete), quaint text vignettes and initial letters. vo, original green gilt-pictorial cloth ruled and decorated in black, beveled edges. Slight outer wear and endpapers browned (as usual), but overall a very good to near fine copy in a bright binding. First edition of the first cloth-bound book to be printed, bound, and published in the city of Los Angeles. Adams, Guns : “Its scarcity is largely the result of the fact that the publishers had the only print shop in town, and, since this was the biggest job they had ever undertaken, they did not have sufficient type for the complete book. So, after printing the first half, they took the type down and reset it for the second half. The result was a small edition.” Barrett, Baja California .Cowan I, p. :“There is a fascination about his book. From the long lists given us of murderous villains, thieving scoundrels, and other unholy characters, it would appear that the polite society of the south in those days was neither large nor extensive.” Cowan II, p. . Dykes, Rare Western Outlaw Books, pp. -.Edwards, Enduring Desert, pp. -. Graff. Holliday .How- ell , California .Howes B. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious Califor- nia Classics . Libros Californianos, p.  (Powell commentary); pp. - (Hanna list). Norris .Powell, Cali- fornia Classics, pp. -; Land of Fact : “Earliest Los Angeles classic, picturing a frontier town, now again in our time infamous for its violence. Such is the destructive nature of human history, building up and tearing down.... [Bell] once wrote to his children, ‘Someday Los Angeles will be a great city.I will not live to see it, but you will, dears, and it will extend from the mountains to the sea.” Streeter Sale .Walker, A Literary History of Southern California, pp. -:“The book has rightly been accepted as a chronicle which catches the spirit of the early ’fifties in Southern California. Although it admittedly contains many exaggerations, it is based essentially on fact.... Bell is frequently monotonous...but he can also be very good. Take for example his defi- nition of a ‘gringo’: ‘Gringo, in its literal signification, means ignoramus. For instance: an American who has not yet learned to eat chili peppers stewed in grease, throw the lasso, contemplate the beauties of nature from the sunny side of an adobe wall, make a first-class cigar out of a corn husk, wear open-legged pantaloons, with bell bottoms, dance on one leg, and live on one meal a week. Now the reader knows what a terrible thing it was in the early days to be a gringo.’” Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush . Zamorano  #.(-) [e\ C’  cultural historian, Kevin Starr, wrote in his Inventing the Dream: California through the Progressive Era that “American literature in Southern California begins” with the publication of Reminiscences of a Ranger. This rollicking book is the most important chronicle of Los Angeles during those rough-and- tumble days of the early s as it transitioned from a Mexican town to a “semi-gringo” town. It also is the first cloth-bound book to be printed, bound, and published in Los Angeles, which in itself signaled the town’s progress. Like so many others, Bell came to California in  as a gold seeker, failed to strike it rich, and headed to Los Angeles in  in search of better prospects. When violence was becoming so commonplace in “El Pueblo,” he joined the Los Angeles Rangers to campaign against the banditti that roamed the streets and countryside. Not one to pass up a good fight, the Kentucky-born Bell left Los Angeles in  to accompany William Walker’s filibustering expedition in Nicaragua, then joined the forces of Benito Juárez in Mexico in , and finally enlisted in the Union Army.Surviving the Civil War, he returned to Los Angeles, practiced law, fought local corruption, and from  to  published The Porcupine, a periodical aptly named for its stinging style. Bell wrote Reminiscences of a Ranger from  to . His journalistic skills permeate the volume allowing him to capture the flavor of Los Angeles during the violent and raucous early s when his rangers strug- gled to bring peace to a town better known as “Los Diablos.” He covered the activities of such then-well- known characters as Joaquín Murieta, Jack Powers, Jim Savage (“the Tulare King”), and scores of others. While much of the volume focused on brawls, lynchings, drinking, gambling, and other assorted vices, it also

 offered a wonderful view of the mixing of cultures in Southern California. His eloquent accounts of fandan- gos, fiestas, a stagecoach race, and a cattle stampede demonstrate another side of life. Bell wrote with sympa- thy concerning the plight of the Indians and Californios. Rightly proud of his literary endeavor, Bell plugged the volume in The Porcupine, writing “It is unique, fresh, sprightly, combining the grave and the gay, the sad and mirthful, history as cheery as fiction, seen from the bright side of life.  octavo pages; gold embossed; bound in cloth; . postpaid.” Typical of books bound in that era, it was issued in different colors of cloth including blue, green, and red. It is not clear how well Bell’s book sold upon publication. One story had it that a fire destroyed most of the first edition, but as documented by Lawrence Clark Powell, Bell sold the Holmes Book Store a cache of  copies in . Because of the book’s compelling subject matter and breezy style, several later editions have been published beginning in  with Wallace Hebberd. The  edition issued by Primavera Press used Hebberd’s leftover sheets and added a new title page. A three-volume, slipcased production of , copies came out between  and  as a seasonal gift issued by Advertisers Composition Company.In , the prestigious University of Oklahoma Press brought out another edition with a fine introduction by John Boessenecker. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Biographical Files, California State Library; Lawrence Clark Powell, Cali- fornia Classics (Los Angeles: The Ward Ritchie Press, ), pp. -;Kevin Starr, Inventing the Dream: Califor- nia through the Progressive Era (New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, ), pp. -;Franklin Walker, A Literary History of Southern California (Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, ), pp. -.

 [  ]

BLEDSOE, Anthony J[ennings] (b. ). Indian Wars of the Northwest: A California Sketch. San Francisco: Bacon & Company, .[]- pp. (complete), errata slip tipped in at p. []. vo, original purple pebbled cloth, decorated in black and gilt-lettered, cream and tan floral-patterned endpapers. Spine light, binding worn and with a few light stains, upper hinge weak, lower hinge with -cm split at gutter (but strong), occasional mild foxing to text. Good to very good copy. First edition. Cowan II, p. . Graff . Holliday .Howell , California :“Recounts the events of the Redding Expedition and the Klamath War, the war with the Win-Toons, and the Two Years’ War.” Howes B: “Best record of the California Indian troubles to .” Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Norris : “Of great rarity.”Rocq . Streeter Sale . Zamorano  # (J. Gregg Layne): “A valuable and scarce book dealing with the settlement of the northwest coast coun- ties of California, and treating in detail the many Indian uprisings of Trinity, Humboldt, and Del Norte counties.... In this book a full account is given of the discovery of Humboldt Bay by Dr. Josiah Gregg of Com- merce of the Prairies fame. Dr. Gregg’s party were the first Americans to see Humboldt Bay.Gregg lost his life by starvation on his way back to his headquarters, and was buried near Clear Lake. The Introduction is a long chapter on the pioneers of Humboldt County.” Includes much on conflicts between miners and Native Americans. (-) [e\ A, ,   A. J. Bledsoe wrote the pioneer history of California’s Pacific North- west and one of the most important works on Indian-white relations. His volume, while focusing on the hor- rible conflicts with the Native Americans of his region, is in many respects a local history of Humboldt County with extensive information on the early American pioneers and their settlements. It was written with the typical triumphant tone of the nineteenth century. As he noted, “The discoverers and early settlers of Humboldt, especially,were men of character, men of ambition, men of almost indomitable will and of never- flagging perseverance.” Basing much of his research on local newspapers, Bledsoe contributed mightily to the heritage of this remote, often overlooked region. The ten-year history of Indian wars in that sublime land stands as one of grimmest and most dreadful chapters in California history. As a pioneer, Bledsoe was ably equipped to write this extensive narrative. He learned printing at the age of thirteen, served as city editor of the San Jose Mercury and later as editor of The Humboldt Times in Eureka. Leaving journalism he took up the more lucrative legal profession, setting up practice in Smith River, Del Norte County.In  Bledsoe had the distinction of writing the first history of Del Norte County,which pre- pared him for the longer and more complex Indian Wars. He knew the people and territory well. In his intro- duction, the young attorney confessed that his new profession provided him with much “superfluous time” to undertake the task of documenting the violent past of his county. Heavily involved in local affairs and with strong opinions, he led an effort to expel the Chinese from the area the same year that Bacon and Company printed his Indian Wars. Bledsoe later became a state assemblyman from Humboldt County, winning re- election several times. After a long introduction concerning the Society of Humboldt County Pioneers and its more prominent members, the one-time printer’s devil opened the formal text of his volume with five chapters devoted to what he called “Annals of Discovery.” Bledsoe covered the opening of the territory, discovery of Humboldt Bay by the Josiah Gregg party,activities of the various vessels that sailed the waters along its jagged coastline, discovery of gold-bearing gravel by P.B. Reading, and the workings of the gold mines on the Trinity and Kla- math Rivers. Later in the book, Bledsoe diverged briefly from his chronicle of warfare and reported on the development of agriculture, industrial progress, lumbering, mining, and the great storm of the winter of -. Thereafter, Bledsoe turned to the central subject of his book, the regrettable but inevitable conflict between the newly arriving miners and farmers and the local Indian tribes. Although by today’s standards his

 Item . Bledsoe’s Indian Wars of the Northwest. “Best record of the California Indian troubles to ” (Howes).

 view of the Native Americans was decidedly racist, he did condemn the reprehensible actions of unscrupu- lous settlers who provoked the Indians into retaliatory actions while trying to defend their lands. His book then becomes a tragic litany of ever spiraling Indian-white depredations and reprisals. Murder, theft, and massacre dominated the s and s in that beautiful, forested land. Writing with his well-honed repor- torial skills, he chronicled the so-called “Klamath War” of ; the acts of violence committed in the Eel River Valley, Hoopa Valley, and Mad River country; war with the Wintuns (called by him the Win-toons or “Mountain Diggers”); sale of arms and ammunition to the Indians; public meetings held to stamp out the Indian threats; formation of volunteer companies; and feeble actions of the U.S. military to bring peace. The most horrifying moment in this senseless time of blood-letting was the infamous massacre of innocent Indian women and children at Indian Island in February ,which Bledsoe termed as “a deed so con- scienceless in its inception, so cruel and heartless in its execution.” It ranks as one of the blackest episodes in the entire history of Indian-white relations and horrified the vast majority of whites including a young jour- nalist named Bret Harte. So terrible an event, however, did not stop the fighting and his narrative continued on with a seemingly endless trail of barbaric acts committed by both sides. The bloodshed ended with the final suppression of Indian resistance by the volunteer Battalion of Mountaineers under Lieutenant Colonel S. G. Whipple during “The Two Years War” of -. As Bledsoe put it: “Their strength was exhausted and their spirit broken.” While predictably sympathetic to the white settlers, Bledsoe voiced strong criticism of the all-too-frequent massacres of defenseless Indians, their shabby treatment by white thugs, and the fed- eral government’s Indian policy, which he labeled as “always ineffective, and always putrid with fraud.” This now rare and significant book was reprinted in  by Joseph A. Sullivan’s Biobooks in an edition of  copies. This edition includes a short biography of the author reprinted from The Northern Crown of Ukiah (I:,April ). —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Owen Cochran Coy, The Humboldt Bay Region, - (Los Angeles: The California State Historical Association, ); Andrew Genzoli, Foreword to History of Del Norte County, Cali- fornia (Eureka?, ).

 Item . First publication of Anza’s California Expedition diaries and reports, documenting the first overland colonizing expedition from Mexico into Alta California in —a monumental and resounding overland. [  ]

BOLTON, Herbert E[ugene] (-). Anza’s California Expeditions.... Berkeley: University of California Press, .[]  + []  + []  + []  + []  pp.,  maps (some folding),  plates,  fac- similes.  vols., vo, original navy blue ribbed cloth. A few traces of shelf wear, otherwise very fine. First edition. Bolton .Cowan II, p. .Edwards, Enduring Desert, p. .Farquhar, Books of the Colorado River and the Grand Canyon c (cited for the texts of Anza’s journeys along the Gila and the Colorado below Yuma and his crossings of the big river). Hill, p. . Holliday .Howell , California .Howes B: “Monu- mental work containing translations of the original MS. diaries of Anza, Díaz, Garcés, Font and Palóu, relat- ing to the  and  expeditions and the founding of both Monterey and San Francisco.” Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Libros Californianos, p.  (Powell commentary discussing Father Font’s diary): “His observations are tempered with good humor and an appre- ciation of the ludicrous. No one else among the missionary fathers could have bathed the buxom Yuman maiden with dignity, nor rebuked drunken soldiers so ironically”; p.  (Hanna list): “Bolton’s introductory volume is a brilliant presentation of the whole scene of Spain’s expansion in the New World.” Norris . Powell, California Classics, pp. -:“Anza towers above his time, dwarfing such johnny-come-latelys as Fré- mont and Carson and such scum as Billy the Kid and his ilk”; Southwestern Book Trails, p. . Streeter Sale . Weber, The California Missions, p. . Zamorano  # (Phil Townsend Hanna): “Juan Bautista de Anza was the foremost land explorer in Spanish California. With his expedition of  he opened up the land route between the established settlements of Sonora and the new colonies of Alta California, and his expedition of  brought overland the colonists who founded San Francisco. Anza’s accomplishments were not well understood and hence not appreciated until Bolton assembled all the diaries, journals, and correspondence of Anza and his associates in this publication. Incidentally, I agree with Bolton in his assertion that the Font long diary of the  expedition contained herein is the greatest single diary of exploration in the history of Latin America.” ( vols.) (-) [e\ A Eusebio Francisco Kino, S.J., had definitively demonstrated in  that the century-long geo- graphic misconception of California as a great island off the west coast of North America was false, the region remained, from a practical point, insular. The great Colorado Desert extending from central Arizona through the Imperial Valley and to the crest of the Coast Range effectively defied an overland approach from the settled areas of Sonora and thus from central New Spain. Despite various attempts by Jesuit explorers to establish a land route, throughout their tenure in the Californias and for the first years following their replace- ment by Franciscans, contact and supply of the peninsula as well as the new foundations in Alta California relied upon sailings from the ports of Matanchel and San Blas on the coast of Nayarit. Given the limited space upon ships, the movement of large quantities of supplies, livestock, and particularly colonists to Alta California was severely constricted. Juan Bautista de Anza (-), son of a presidio commander of the same name, was born on the northern frontier, served as commander of the presidio of Tubac adjacent to mission San Xavier del Bac at Tucson, and was charged by Viceroy Antonio María de Bucareli with the establishment of the long-desired land route to California in late .Departing Tubac in January , Anza, with Franciscans Juan Díaz and Francisco Tomás Hemenegildo Garcés and thirty-one men, reached the Gila River, followed it westward to its confluence with the Colorado, crossed the Imperial Valley and San Gorgonio Pass, and arrived in San Gabriel in late March. Although the party was exhausted, Anza had succeeded in linking the route from Hor- casitas (Hermosillo) to the Camino Real of the Californias. Following a brief trip to Monterey,Anza returned to Sonora and continued to Mexico City, where he reported his success. With plans to expand the Franciscan missions northward to San Francisco Bay, Anza was commissioned by Bucareli to recruit thirty soldiers and their families for service in the projected presidio and conduct them

 overland via his newly established route. In October , accompanied by Franciscans Pedro Font, Tomás Eixarch, and Garcés, twenty-five men as escort, and twenty-eight colonist-soldiers with their wives and children under Ensign José Joaquín Moraga, Anza again departed Tubac, and, following the route estab- lished the preceding year, reached San Gabriel in early January . After reorganization, Anza then conducted the families northward to Monterey, arriving in early March. Having accomplished the purpose of his march, he returned southward a few days later.The Anza expeditions had not only opened a land route to California, but also led to the first explorations of the interior of Alta California by Garcés and Font, and to the establishment of the Franciscan missions of La Purísima Concepción and San Pedro y San Pablo Bicuñer at the confluence of the Gila and Colorado rivers. The overland route established by Anza in  was, however, short-lived, and in July  it was effectively closed by the massacre of Fernando de Rivera y Moncada, a group of settlers he was conducting to California, and Franciscan missionaries Díaz, Garcés, José Matías Moreno, and Juan Antonio Barreneche at the hands of the Yumans. Herbert Eugene Bolton (-), founder of the study of former Spanish provinces in the present United States, the “Spanish Borderlands,” also pioneered archival research in Mexican archives, and pro- duced a prodigious number of scholarly articles and books on Spain in Florida, Louisiana, Texas, New Mex- ico, Utah, Arizona, and California. During his professorships at the Universities of Texas and California he supervised numerous graduate students, many of whom became noted scholars in the field and who were also unacknowledged contributors to his publications. The five volumes of Anza’s California Expeditions are the result of the unrecognized combined efforts of various graduate students, revised, edited, and compiled by their professor. Vol.  contains an introductory study also published separately as Outpost of Empire: The Story of the Founding of San Francisco (New York: Knopf, ); Font’s diary of his explorations; translated and annotated diaries of the first expedition (by Anza, Díaz, Garcés, and Francisco Palóu) and of the second expedition (by Anza, Font, Eixarch, Palóu, and Moraga); and selected official correspondence regarding the expeditions. A facsimile reprint of the five volumes was published in New York in . Although numerous scholarly stud- ies regarding the Anza expeditions and the people and events related to them have substantially augmented historical knowledge of the expeditions since , this work remains a useful and fundamental source. —W.Michael Mathes

 Item . Facsimile from Palóu’s diary.

 Item . Borthwick’s Three Years in California with his extraordinary illustrations. “I do not know of another story by an actual miner that is so well written and so true to that wonderful life in the Days of Gold” (Streeter). [  ]

BORTHWICK, J[ohn] D[avid] (-). Three Years in California...with Eight Illustrations by the Author. Edin- burgh & London: William Blackwood and Sons, . vi [] ,  (ads) pp.,  lithographs on tinted grounds (from drawings by author). vo, original red blindstamped cloth, spine gilt-lettered. Light to moderate outer wear (spine and joints rubbed, a few short splits to cloth, corners lightly bumped), a bit of very mild foxing (mainly confined to versos and blank margins of plates and adjacent leaves). Much better condition than this report would indicate, difficult to find in collector’s condition, with bright, fresh plates like this copy. Pre- served in red cloth slipcase with paper spine label and chemise. This copy was acquired from John How- ell–Books and bears Warren R. Howell’s pencil notes on rear pastedown: “. fine copy,original binding.” Further pencil notes indicate that this copy was a Huntington Library duplicate. Rear pastedown with small red and white printed binders label: “Bound by Edmonds & Remnants London.” First edition. Braislin .Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. . Graff. Gudde, California Gold Camps, p. . Holliday .Howell , California .Howes B. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush a. LC, California Centennial . Norris . Peters, California on Stone, pp. -, n. Rocq . Samuels, Encyclopedia of Artists of the American West, pp. -: “Borthwick exhibited genre paintings in London from  to , including the R[oyal] A[cademy] in  and . Some of these paintings may have been of California. He was the first British artist-corre- spondent to report the West for a British newspaper.” Streeter Sale .Van Nostrand, The First Hundred Years of Painting in California, pp. , -, .Van Nostrand & Coulter, California Pictorial, pp. - (reproducing the plate of “Our Camp on Weaver Creek”). Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush : “Outstanding account of mining life, with the best illustrations the period produced.” Zamorano  # (Robert J. Woods): “Horace Kephart writes in the introduction to the  edition: ‘Many narratives have been published by men who participated in the stirring events of early California. From among them I have chosen, after long research, one written by a British artist, Mr. J. D. Borthwick, and issued in Edinburgh in .The original book is now rare and sought for by collectors of western Americana.’” (-) [e\ J. D. B’ Three Years in California roars with excitement, and for this reason, his book has universally been proclaimed as one of the most important accounts of the Gold Rush. A gold seeker blessed with remarkable reporting ability,Borthwick wrote with a dynamism and sense of adventure that captured as well as humanly possible the essence of that rough-and-tumble era. Gold Rush historian Erwin G. Gudde calls it: “One of the best, if not the best book of the period.” Collector T. W. Streeter states: “I do not know of another story by an actual miner that is so well written and so true to that wonderful life in the Days of Gold.” In short, this is the finest narrative by one who had seen the elephant. Borthwick, a Scotsman visiting New York, reported that the gold fever first seized him in May  (his book incorrectly states the year as ). In search of gold, he traveled to California the quickest way possible, via the Isthmus of Panama, and arrived in San Francisco. In this pulsing city, Borthwick observed: “People lived more there in a week than they would in a year in most other places.” After the rainy season ended, the author headed for the mines. Like many others, he soon found grubbing for gold less than thrilling and dis- covered that fellow miners clamored for his sketches of the diggings. Turning to his god-given talents, he wrote: “I was satisfied that I could make paper and pencil more profitable tools than with pick and shovel. My new pursuit had the additional attraction of affording me an opportunity of gratifying the desire which I had long felt of wandering over the mines, and seeing all the various kinds of diggings and the strange specimens of human nature to be found in them.” In this pursuit, Borthwick succeeded better than anyone. For the next three years, Borthwick wandered through the mining towns and camps in such places as Sacramento, Placerville, Coloma, Greenwood Valley, Nevada City, Foster’s Bar, Downieville, Jacksonville, San Andreas, and Sonora. His travels allowed him to make a detailed and accurate review of mining meth- ods, ethnic groups, racial tensions, transportation, amusements, lynch law, hotels and restaurants, and the

 growth of California. His word pictures of seven different ethnic groups teaming together to construct a wing dam, a stroll down a Placerville street strewn with old boots and bottles, a Fourth of July celebration in Columbia, a bull and bear fight featuring the bull-killing grizzly “Winfield Scott,” and the sounds of a brass band in a San Francisco gambling saloon brought a freshness and vitality that transported the reader smack into the middle of this new El Dorado. Borthwick naturally wrote from the perspective of his native land and he both praised and criticized American institutions and mannerisms. He likewise made fascinating observa- tions on the multitude of ethnic groups that pushed their way into the diggings. Borthwick was an artist of considerable skill, and Blackwood published eight lithographic plates based on his drawings. These are among the best-known and most appreciated views of life in the mines and superbly complement his stunning word pictures. Such views as “Our Camp on Weaver Creek,” “Monte in the Mines,” “Faro,” and “Chinese Camp in the Mines” are all classics and have been reproduced in virtu- ally every pictorial concerning the Gold Rush. His “A Ball in the Mines,” depicting a womanless dance, not only is hilarious but also demonstrates in one brilliant image the miner’s uncanny ability to improvise. Because of their appeal, several of his images were used in the Illustrated London News and reproduced as pic- torial letter sheets. Borthwick returned home to Edinburgh in  and began organizing his notes for the purposes of publi- cation. Upon publication, an extensive and friendly review of the book appeared in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine : (), p. , entitled “The Land of Gold,” and in The National Magazine : (September ), pp. -. Borthwick also published material on his California experience in “Gold in California” (Illustrated London News, January , ,pp.-); “Mining Life in California” (Harper’s Weekly, October , ,p. ); and “Three Years in California” (Hutchings’ California Magazine [] :,pp.-; :,pp.,-; :, pp. -; :,pp.-; :,pp.-; and [] :,pp.*-; :,pp.-).

Item . “[Borthwick’s] ‘A Ball in the Mines,’ depicting a womanless dance, not only is hilarious but also demonstrates in one brilliant image the miner’s uncanny ability to improvise” (Kurutz).

 In , the Outing Library reprinted Three Years in California with a splendid introduction by Horace Kephart. The Outing Library edition was reprinted in  by International Fiction Library. Joseph A. Sul- livan’s Biobooks brought out a new edition in . —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :R.E.Mather and F. E. Boswell, John David Borthwick: Artist of the Gold Rush (Salt Lake City, University of Utah Press, ).

 Item . Brewer’s Up and Down California. “The founding statement of California mountaineering” (Kevin Starr). [  ]

BREWER, William H[enry] (-). Up and Down California in -.... Edited by Francis P.Farquhar.... New Haven: Yale University Press, . xxx,  pp., frontispiece portrait, numerous halftone plates (many from contemporary photographs and prints), folding map (supplied from another copy). vo, original navy blue cloth, spine gilt-lettered. A fine, partially unopened copy in slightly worn d.j. Laid in is Brewer’s original autograph letter signed, to noted geologist J. D. Whitney, relating to publication of material on Whitney’s California Geological Survey ( p., vo, written in ink on engraved letterhead of Sheffield Scientific School of Yale College, dated at New Haven, January , ). This is an excellent association copy,as Brewer was the principal assistant on Whitney’s Survey.Also inscribed by editor Francis P.Farquhar to California fine printer Edwin Grabhorn. Publisher’s promotional slip laid in. This copy was at one time owned by Ron Randall, with his neat pencil notes on rear pastedown; Randall House catalogue slip laid in. First edition. Cowan II, p. .Edwards, Enduring Desert, pp. -. Hill, pp. -.Howell , California . Howes B. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Libros Californianos, p.  (Powell commentary). Neate, Mountaineering and Its Literature . Norris .Powell, Califor- nia Classics, pp. -: “Brewer was the field leader of the first California Geological Survey....His description of California in the early s is unmatched by any other in its variety, fidelity, and human interest.” Rocq . Zamorano  #.(-) [e\ W H B,who served as Josiah D. Whitney’s principal assistant and field leader of the Cali- fornia Geological Survey in the early s, wrote a series of journal-like letters that form one of the best travel accounts describing the totality of California. Skillfully assembled and edited by that great historian and bibliographer of the High Sierra, Francis P. Farquhar, Brewer’s detailed letters cover virtually every aspect of the state from Los Angeles to Crescent City and from San Francisco to the mines of the Comstock Lode. In four years, this New York–born scientist had traveled over , miles from one end of the state to the other. Probably no one before or since had tramped over so much territory. Kevin Starr calls his letters “the founding statement of California mountaineering...they put on record the exact extent of California’s alpine heritage.” Although written for family and friends, they superbly chronicle the first systematic scien- tific survey of the Golden State. By foot, mule, and stage, the Yale-trained Brewer and his colleagues Clarence King (also a Yale gradu- ate), Charles F. Hoffman, and James T. Gardiner traversed over hill and dale to learn all they could about California’s post–Gold Rush natural resources and its geologic past. In so doing, Brewer saw just about every notable natural wonder that graced the state from its majestic coastline to the towering peaks of the Sierra. The Yosemite Valley, the giant sequoias, geysers, lakes, rivers, and mountain peaks all came under his scrutiny. This book of letters, however, is much more than an alpine adventure or nature study; it also encompasses California’s human environment of instant cities, mines, farms, ranches, lumber mills, roads, and waterways. His visits to Los Angeles, the “decadent” town of Santa Barbara, San Francisco (the “best governed city in the United States”), and once-booming mining camps provide a fresh perspective and entertaining reading. Brewer sent these letters back home to his brother Edgar with instructions that they be shared with family and friends and be saved for his return. The scientist, however, never intended them to be published but, as brought out by Lawrence Clark Powell, he was “an unwitting literary artist, capable of writing a vigorous, flowing prose.” His epistles are marked by their clarity and immediacy and are not bogged down in turgid technical writing. Farquhar noted that “When he came to write out his impressions for the benefit of others, he clothed the bare bones of his statistics and created something pulsing with life. Yet he never altered his facts to make an impression.” As demonstrated by these reports to his family,Brewer seemingly never rested. Carrying delicate scientific instruments, he collected geologic and botanical specimens of all kinds, made complex observations and

 measurements, packed and repacked, tended to the needs of his colleagues and mules, kept statistics, main- tained detailed notebooks, and yet found time to sit around a campfire to write. During a lengthy Los Angeles rain, for example, he confided that he had written thirteen letters or about eighty pages. Credit must be given to Farquhar for a masterful job of documenting Brewer’s California peregrinations. In addition to extensive notes, the volume includes an itinerary and a map illustrating his travels. A second edition was published in , and because of its importance, the University of California produced a third edition in . —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Lawrence Clark Powell, California Classics (Los Angeles: The Ward Ritchie Press, ), pp. -;Kevin Starr, Americans and the California Dream (New York: Oxford University Press, ), p. .

 [  ]

BROWN, John H[enry] (-). Reminiscences and Incidents, of “The Early Days” of San Francisco.... Actual Experience of an Eye-Witness, from  to . San Francisco: Mission Journal Publishing Co., []. [] pp., foldout engraved untitled plan of San Francisco (. x  cm; ⅝ x ⅝ inches). vo, original blindstamped gilt-lettered mustard cloth. A bit of mild staining and light wear to binding, endpapers browned, one short clean tear to one preliminary leaf, one text leaf with .-cm tear to blank margin (no loss), small chip to lower pastedown, generally very good to fine. This copy contains the pencil notes of Warren R. Howell on rear pastedown (“. iytxx [cost code], Zamorano ”). First edition. Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. . Graff. Holliday .Howell , California .Howes B. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush a. Mintz, The Trail .Rocq . Streeter Sale . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush . Zamorano  #.(-)

.BROWN, John H[enry]. Reminiscences and Incidents, of the Early Days of San Francisco.... San Francisco: The Grabhorn Press, .[]  [] pp., title and text illustrations. vo, original natural linen over marbled boards, printed paper labels on spine and upper cover. Other than light foxing to endpapers, very fine, with publisher’s announcement (One More Book) laid in. Limited edition ( copies), edited by Douglas Sloane Watson, added introduction and Reader’s Guide. Grab- horn (-) #.Kurutz, The California Gold Rush a. Rocq .(-) [e\ D S W, in the Grabhorn Press edition, praised Brown’s Reminiscences, writing: “Every search for the true picture of San Francisco’s beginnings as a city leads finally to John Henry Brown’s ‘Early Days.’” Despite the fact that the colorful author put down these recollections four decades after the events described, they provided an invaluable narrative of an incredible, rough-and-tumble era. According to Ban- croft, Brown was one of those men who claimed “to know more than any other live man” about the early days, and to a large degree, this was no idle boast. He loaded his narrative with more names per paragraph than a Bancroft footnote, and it seemed that at one time or another, he encountered just about every famous personality in California during the years -. This raconteur began his recollection describing life as a fur trapper, the overland trek to California, visit- ing Yerba Buena for the first time, meeting Captain Sutter, and working at the fort as overseer of the cook- house and butcher shop. Brown returned to Yerba Buena where he became a bartender, and on November , , opened his own establishment, Brown’s Hotel. This gave him a unique perspective, and accordingly, the innkeeper witnessed virtually every facet of the American takeover of California as it swirled around his village. Brown himself served as a citizen-soldier. His hotel became a versatile social center. One Sunday morning in June ,for example, he related: “I do not suppose another instance could be cited, where under the same roof there was preaching, drinking, card-playing and billiards all going on at the same time and hour.” With the discovery of gold, he took over running the City Hotel, and with the money he made helped build the popular Parker House. At the helm of these two establishments, Brown stood at the center of a wild, rip- roaring town now called San Francisco. Consequently, his reminiscences are among the best and most com- pelling pictures of the port city during those golden years of -. As with so many other establishments, that scourge of San Francisco, fire, destroyed the Parker House in December . In addition to his own busi- ness interests, Brown told of the comings and goings of leading personalities ranging from Sam Brannan to William Leidesdorff,development of all kinds of businesses, and major events including the arrival of women. To his book, Brown added a map of town lots in San Francisco supported with a narrative text. While bibliographer Robert Cowan recognized the value of Brown’s retelling of the “early days,” he did not much appreciate the work of the Mission Journal Publishing Company,noting that it “was poorly printed

 Item . Brown’s Reminiscences and Incidents, of “The Early Days” of San Francisco. “Every search for the true picture of San Francisco’s beginnings as a city leads finally to John Henry Brown’s ‘Early Days’” (Douglas Sloane Watson). and exhibits but little attempt at proof-reading.” Brown also raised Cowan’s eyebrows with the phonetic spelling of proper names. For example, Ide became Hyde, Semple became Sample, and the gambling saloon Eldorado became the Aldarado. Such howlers caused the demure Cowan to write, “his book presents proba- bly the most extraordinary mass of blunders to be found in print.” Because of the importance and rarity of the title, the Grabhorn Press published an edition of five hundred copies in its “Rare Americana Series.” The press also produced a “special copy” of which twenty-five were printed. Each contained an early document, extra illustrations, and came bound in full morocco. Biobooks of Oakland also produced a new edition in its California Centennial Edition series. —Gary F.Kurutz

 Item . John Ross Browne’s Report of the Debates in the Convention of California. “The most important printed document pertaining to government in the Golden State” (Kurutz). [  ]

BROWNE, J[ohn] Ross (-). Report of the Debates in the Convention of California, on the Formation of the State Constitution, in September and October, . Washington: John T.Towers, .  [,blank] xlvi (appendix) [, contents] pp. vo, original brown blindstamped cloth, spine gilt-lettered. Some outer wear with a few splits and abrasions, a few small oxidized spots to text edges, internally very fine. On front pastedown is the small blue and white printed label of Oakland bookseller Fred M. DeWitt. Preserved in chemise and slipcase of half dark brown smooth calf with olive green spine labels and raised bands. First edition. Cowan I, p. -.Cowan II, p. . Holliday .Howell , California . Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .LC,California Centennial . Norris . Rocq . Sabin . Zamorano  # (Homer D. Crotty): “A Spanish translation of the debates, bearing the title Relación de los debates de la convención de California, sobre la formación de la constitución de estado, en setiembre y octubre de , por J. Ross Browne, was printed in New York in ,by S. W.Benedict. The translation, however, contains only the proclamation of the Governor, the proceedings at the Convention, the list of delegates, and, as an appendix, the Constitution as adopted by the delegates.” (-) [e\ T   in detail the workings of California’s  constitutional convention in Monterey and consequently may be regarded as the most important printed document pertaining to government in the Golden State. The delegates met at Colton Hall from September  to October ,a full year before the fed- eral government voted on California becoming the thirty-first star on the U.S. flag. The Report recorded the debates and decisions over such key questions as the property rights of women, slavery,suffrage, elected judi- ciary, inclusion of Mexican laws, and the eastern boundary. This record of political discourse on the frontier further serves as a superb overview of the political, economic, and sociological thoughts of California’s pioneers in forming a self-governing dominion in response to the chaos brought about by the Gold Rush. In addition to the debates, the volume includes military governor Bennet Riley’s call for the formation of a civilian form of government, a list of the delegates, a digest of Spanish laws, the state constitution, and a memorial sent to the federal government petitioning the admission of California to the Union. On October , the delegates adjourned with the signing of a state constitution and a thirty-one gun salute. J. Ross Browne, future Western journalist and humorist, was elected “Reporter to the Convention” on September .Robert E. Cowan notes that “he was the only shorthand reporter in California at that time.” Browne persuaded Elisha Crosby’s finance committee to pay him the handsome sum of , for his serv- ices which included producing , English and  Spanish copies of the debates. From that date until the conclusion of the convention, he dutifully recorded the day-to-day proceedings. After the convention and apparently lacking confidence in California’s nascent printing industry, Browne headed east and contracted with John T.Towers of Washington, D.C., to do the job. Seeing an opportunity to turn an even larger profit, Browne arranged to sell thousands of additional copies to the federal government. S. W.Benedict and Com- pany of New York printed the Spanish language edition in . —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Robert Ernest Cowan, A Bibliography of California and the Pacific West -  (San Francisco: The Book Club of California, ), pp. -;William Henry Ellison, A Self-Governing Dominion: California, - (Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, ), pp. -; David Michael Goodman, A Western Panorama -:The Travels, Writings and Influence of J. Ross Browne (Glendale: The Arthur H. Clark Company, ), pp. -.

 Item . Edwin Bryant’s What I Saw in California. “The first book published about California since the American takeover, [which] set a standard for the avalanche of books that would soon be written about this new El Dorado” (Richard H. Dillon).

 [  ]

BRYANT, Edwin (-). What I Saw in California: Being the Journal of a Tour, by the Emigrant Route and South Pass of the Rocky Mountains, across the Continent of North America, the Great Desert Basin, and through California, in the Years , . New York: D. Appleton & Company; Philadelphia: Geo. S. Appleton, .  pp. mo, original slate blue blindstamped cloth (rebacked by a rather heavy hand, original gilt-lettered spine pre- served, new front endpapers). Shelf-slanted, binding worn (particularly at edges and corners, with small portions of board exposed), interior fine and clean. Author’s presentation copy signed twice: “Presented to Wm. Findlay by His friend and fellow-traveller in the Far West—Edwin Bryant....” First edition. Barrett, Baja California .Cowan I, p. -.Cowan II, p.  (citing the second edition). Gar- rett, The Mexican-American War,p. (not citing the first edition). Graff . Hill, pp. -. Holliday . Howell , California .Howes B. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush a. Libros Californianos, p.  (Powell commentary); pp. - (Hanna list): “Describes Southern California—rarely accounted for by writers of that time.” Mintz, The Trail . Norris . Plains & Rockies IV::: “Camp called the Bryant work, ‘one of the most detailed and reliable of all the overland journals’ and rated it with Clayton’s and Schmölder’s books as the three com- petent guides to be published in .... One of the classics of California.” Streeter Sale . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush :“The prime and almost the earliest authority on the California of the discovery period.” Zamorano  #.(,-,) [e\ B,  with the skills of a journalist, produced an overland account and description of California at the time of the Mexican-American War of consummate quality. With the discovery of gold, his book, writ- ten with the firsthand knowledge of a person who had recently crossed the continent, became a veritable best-seller, eagerly read by would-be gold seekers. As historian Richard H. Dillon wrote in the introduction to a facsimile edition: “The Gold Rush made Bryant an authority and a celebrity overnight. His book, pub- lished in , had no real rivals.” Furthermore, it was the first book published about California since the American takeover and set a standard for the avalanche of books that would soon be written about this new El Dorado. Reprinted and quickly translated into several languages, its fact-filled, dynamically written descriptions of the newly conquered golden land hastened the stampede to California. In his preface and writing in the third person, Bryant ably laid out the goal of his book: “His design has been to furnish a volume, entertaining and instructive to the general reader, and reliable and useful to the traveler and emigrant to the Pacific.” In all these categories he succeeded. Bryant spent two years in Califor- nia and traveled to as many places as any one individual could expect to visit and met just about every impor- tant personality of that crucial time period. Because of this, he gained a knowledge few could match and when he returned East to prepare his book for publication, the editor of the Californian wrote: “We know of no man better qualified to write such a work.” Bryant’s work begins with his great overland journal. He left his post as editor of the Louisville Courier on April , , to obtain a “a faithful and accurate description of the ‘Land of Promise.’” At Independence, he met up with a California-bound company led by William H. Russell. Along the way, Bryant maintained a detailed journal written with the choicest language of his era. His daily account left literate Americans with an accurate picture of what to expect. The company arrived in Alta California at William Johnson’s Bear River rancho in August. In his book, Bryant reflected on the tragedy of the Donner Party, devoting an entire chapter to their pitiful story. He also included a table of distances. The overland journalist arrived in California at an incredibly pivotal time. The war with Mexico had just broken out and Bryant soon became directly involved. Consequently, he was able to provide a first-rate account of the rapid succession of events that transpired. During this time, he met such important figures as Captain Sutter, Dr. John Marsh, William Leidesdorff, Mariano Vallejo, Jacob Leese, Joseph Folsom, Robert F. Stockton, Stephen Watts Kearny, and Thomas O. Larkin to name just a few. Bryant himself joined

 Frémont’s California Battalion as a first lieutenant in Company H as it headed south to suppress a rebellion of the Californios in Los Angeles. Bryant’s peregrinations gave him the opportunity to closely observe Cali- fornia’s Hidalgo culture in its waning days and he penned an absolutely fabulous picture of life in the ranchos, pueblos, and missions equal to that of Dana (q.v.) or Robinson (q.v.). The fandangos, meals, and hospitality he enjoyed must have impressed his eastern audiences. He also provided a synopsis of California’s climate, natural features, agriculture, and ranching economy. Following the conquest, General Kearny appointed Bryant as the alcalde of San Francisco. While in this rapidly changing port, he devoted himself to his book, and on June , , left California to see his manuscript published. Even without the discovery of gold, What I Saw in California would have been well received and remem- bered as an irresistible invitation to settle in California. Contemporary reviews in the national press praised its accuracy and authority. Gold fever, however, changed its intended purpose, causing it to be reprinted sev- eral times. In response to the California mania, Bryant’s publishers produced an edition in  with an appendix giving valuable descriptions of the gold fields and advice on the best routes to California by R. B. Mason and Joseph Folsom, reprinted from the Louisville Courier of December , .The  edition included that all-important item, a map of California with routes, published by J. H. Colton. A short announcement of his book appeared in the San Francisco Daily Alta California for January , . An adver- tisement for the fourth edition boasted that , copies had already sold. Its price was .. Attesting to the value of Bryant’s text, it was republished around the globe, including English, Dutch, French, Swedish, and Belgian editions. Word of Bryant’s book made it to the “land down under” and in  it was published with a Tasmanian imprint. Australian publisher Henry Dowling wrote: “It is believed that this publication will supply the desideratum so much needed in the Australian colonies, to meet the numer- ous inquiries with reference to the new state of California.” The Australian edition also included Felix Wierzbicki’s California As It Is (q.v.). In ,Bryant’s account was republished in dime novel–style under the title Rocky Mountain Adventures (Franklin edition). The Fine Arts Press of Santa Ana in  produced a fine press edition but did not include the Gold Rush text. In , Lewis Osborne of Palo Alto created a facsimile of the fifth edition with an intro- duction by Richard H. Dillon, and in , the University of Nebraska Press published a facsimile of the first edition with an introduction by Thomas D. Clark. —Gary F.Kurutz

 Item . Bryant’s autograph presentation note in What I Saw in California.

 Item . Recollections by the first U.S. governor of California. “An important account of early days in Oregon, the Gold Rush, and the transition of California from a military to a civilian government” (Kurutz).

 [  ]

BURNETT,Peter H[ardeman] (-). Recollections and Opinions of an Old Pioneer...the First Governor of the State of California. New York: D. Appleton and Company, . xiii []  [, ads] pp. mo, original blind- stamped blue cloth decorated in gilt and black. Moderate outer wear and some spotting, hinges cracked, interior very fine. First edition. Braislin .Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. . Graff. Gudde, California Place Names, p. . Hol- liday .Howell , California .Howes B. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush a. Mattes, Platte River Road Narratives . Mintz, The Trail : “Burnett traveled in the same company as Applegate, Lenox, and Whitman.” Norris .Rocq . Smith . Streeter Sale . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush . Zamorano  #. Burnett dedi- cates the work “To Col. Alexander W.Doniphan, the Xenophon of the Mexican War.” (-) [e\ P B,a native of Tennessee, wrote one of the most important and detailed reminiscences of Cali- fornia during those rambunctious early days following the discovery of gold. His is a rare instance of a gold hunter migrating from Oregon. In addition, Burnett served as California’s first elected American governor, and consequently, his recollections are an invaluable firsthand account describing California’s successful quest for the formation of a state government and its admission to the Union. Dale Morgan, in his fabulous bibliographic essay in Howard Gardiner’s Golden Dreams (Stoughton: Western Hemisphere, Inc., ), calls this “a highly readable, always interesting and frequently valuable memoir.” According to his preface, Burnett began writing these recollections in October , quit the following month, and resumed the task in March . The first part of his autobiography covers his years in Tennessee, practicing law in Missouri, his trip to Oregon in , and life in that Pacific Northwest territory.As an Oregon pioneer and a member of the “Leg- islative Committee of Oregon,” he played an important role in the formation of territorial government, an experience that would have immediate application in California. In July ,Oregon received news of the gold discovery, creating “the most intense excitement.” By September, Burnett was on his way, serving as the captain of a wagon party following the Applegate Route. During the trip, Burnett said his party overtook Old Peter Lassen, went to his rancho, proceeded to Sutter’s Hock Farm, forded the Feather River, stopped at Long’s Bar on the Yuba, and on November , ,arrived at the mines. Burnett abandoned the mines on December , with the realization that he could not make enough money to pay off his debts. He went to Sut- ter’s Fort and took a job as the agent for Sutter’s son. Thereafter, the future governor’s recollections describe conditions in Sacramento and San Francisco and arrival of miners by sea. Military Governor General Riley,recognizing Burnett’s legal talents, appointed him to the position of superior court judge. On November , ,a resident of less than two years, Burnett was elected the new commonwealth’s first governor, beating out Captain Sutter among others. In January ,he startled everyone by resigning his office because of a personal crisis. Thereafter, he returned to practicing law, moving to Sacramento in December . In  Governor Johnson appointed him as a justice of the state Supreme Court, but apparently not liking government positions, he resigned this esteemed post a short year later. Back in the private sector, he created a fortune as the president of the Pacific Bank in San Francisco. While individual parts of Burnett’s work are highly readable, the book suffers from the weaknesses inher- ent in a reminiscent account written over a long span of years. At times it comes across as a jumble of infor- mation studded with rambling digressions with little flow. Some areas lacked sufficient development; for example, his account of winning election as the first governor is disappointingly short. Interspersed through- out are long excerpts from early newspapers, his inaugural address, messages to the legislature, and tran- scriptions of letters. Bibliographer Robert Cowan, while offering a positive evaluation, wrote “it is offered in rather dry form.” Nonetheless, the first governor left an important account of early days in Oregon, the Gold Rush, and the transition of California from a military to a civilian government. —Gary F.Kurutz

 Item . California and New Mexico—“A wealth of information on the annexation of Alta California by the United States, the changeover from Mexican to American rule, the transition from military to civilian government, and the earliest days of the Gold Rush” (Kurutz). [  ]

CALIFORNIA AND NEW MEXICO. UNITED STATES. PRESIDENT (Zachary Taylor). California and New Mexico. Message from the President of the United States, Transmitting Information in Answer to a Resolution of the House of the  st of December, , on the Subject of California and New Mexico. [Washington]: House Ex. Doc. No. , .  pp.,  lithographic maps ( folding) [see list of maps below]. Thick vo, original three-quarter sheep over marbled boards. Binding worn, lightly stained, and with some light insect damage (confined to joints), interior with intermittent mild and occasionally heavy foxing, overall a very good copy—the maps very fine, save for a few clean tears and splits at folds (no losses). Lower pastedown with Warren R. Howell’s pencil note “Zamorano  #” and other lengthy pencil notes in an unidentified hand. MAPS [] Map of Fort Hill Monterey California Reduced by Scale from Lieut. War ner’s Field Map made in . By P.M. M cGill, C. E. Lithr. Ackerman... ( x . cm; ½ x ⅞ inches).

[] [Untitled sketch of San Francisco Bay] ( x . cm; ⅞ x ¾ inches).

[] [Untitled map of Lower California]...Ackerman Lithr. ... ( x . cm; ⅞ x ¾ inches).

[] Plan N o  Sketch of Port Escondido Lower California Ackerman Lith r. ... ( x  cm; ¼ x ½ inches).

[] Map of Oregon and Upper California from the Surveys of John Charles Fremont and Other Authorities Drawn by Charles Preuss......Lith y. by E. Weber... (. x  cm; ¾ x ¾ inches). Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West ; Maps of the California Gold Region .

[] Sketch of General Riley’s Route through the Mining Districts July and Aug. . Copied from the Original Sketch by Lt. Derby...Ackermann’s Lithogr... (. x . cm; ⅞ x ⅛ inches). Wheat, Maps of the California Gold Region  & pp. xxvii-xxviii (reproduced as an inserted facsimile following p. ).

[] Plan of the Route of the Expedition of Major Beall, st Drag’s for the Relief of the Wagons of M r. F. X. Aubrey against the Apache Indians...H. R. Wirtz...Ackerman Lithr. ... ( x  cm;  x ½ inches).

First edition, House issue. Zamorano  gives the House version of this massive report priority; however, there is good argument that the Senate version may have appeared first. More important, Becker outlines the differ- ences between the House and Senate reports and explains how the House and Senate publications actually complement one another (Plains & Rockies IV:b:). California :Forty-Nine Maps of California from the Sixteenth Century to the Present (Ralph E. Ehrenberg) n. Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p.  (#). Garrett, The Mexican- American War, pp. -, , . Holliday .Howell , California .Howes C. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush b. Schwartz & Ehrenberg, The Mapping of America,p.:“Frémont’s epochal map of Oregon and Upper Califor- nia [was] one of the earliest graphic announcements of the discovery of gold in California”; and Plate n: “Most accurate general map of the Far West for its time.” Rittenhouse . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush ; Mapping the Transmississippi West  & ; Maps of the California Gold Region  & . Zamorano  #. Two of the maps in this report are key maps for the California gold region. The Map of Oregon and Upper California (Map  above) is the first separate printing of the southwest corner of the larger Frémont-Preuss map (Wheat, Maps of the California Gold Region ; see also Item  in the present catalogue). California :Forty- Nine Maps of California from the Sixteenth Century to the Present n (Ehrenberg discusses the  precursor for Map  listed above): “One of the seminal maps in the history of California exploration and settlement.... It provides the first depiction of the California region based on scientific topographic surveys, notably

 expanding contemporary geographic knowledge of the Sierra Nevada and the Coast Ranges, and the drainage pattern of the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys. Published on the eve of the California Gold Rush and state- hood, this map also served as a powerful political document that promoted the prevailing American concept of the Manifest Destiny. It was one of the first maps to depict the creation of the Territory of Oregon and the establishment of the Mexico–U.S. boundary,which was ratified on  July ; the first widely circulated map to announce the location of the discovery of gold deposits along the American and Feather Rivers; and it intro- duced or perpetuated numerous California place names including Kern River, Walker Pass, Owens Lake, and the ‘inspired’ term, Golden Gate, designating the entrance to San Francisco Bay.” The map apparently was published to satisfy the eager demand for maps of California following the riveting announcement of the gold discovery. Wheat (Maps of the California Gold Region ) comments on the prototype Frémont-Preuss map: “This important and beautifully drawn map became the model for many of the later gold region maps. The California portion is based on Frémont’s map of ,but the legend ‘El Dorado or Gold Regions’ has been added along the ‘Rio d. l. Plumas’ (Feather River), and the ‘R. d. l. Americanos’ (American River)....” Consult Wheat’s lengthy discus- sion of the large Frémont-Preuss map in Mapping the Transmississippi West (III, pp. -): “It seems almost certain that the Frémont-Preuss map was the first map of large general circulation to announce to the world the epochal finds in the West which would now transform the life and society of that once-distant country.” Regarding Derby’s Sketch of General Riley’s Route through the Mining Districts (Map  above), Wheat comments: “Of the maps which were actually produced in , those of Lieutenant George H. Derby are of particular interest. Derby,though better known today as a brilliant humorist (he was the author of ‘Phoenixiana’ and ‘The Squibob Papers’), was a trained and competent topographer, and while the engravers seem to have garbled many of his legends (such as ‘Mormont’ for Mormon I[sland] and ‘Sororan Camp’ for Sonoranian Camp [Sonora]), nevertheless his ‘Map of General Riley’s Route through the Diggings’ (made in August ...but not published until ), his ‘Sacramento Valley from the American River to Butte Creek’...and his ‘Reconnais- sance of the Tulares Valley’...are all maps of major importance. The firstof these shows ‘Colluma,’ ‘Angel’s,’ ‘Jamestown,’ ‘Sullivan’s,’ ‘Woods’ and several other newly-settled camps. This map is the result of Derby’s car- tographical work when he accompanied Brigadier General Bennet Riley on a tour of the California Gold Regions in the summer of .” For more on Derby,refer to TheTopographical Reports of Lieutenant George H. Derby. With Introduction and Notes by Francis P.Farquhar (San Francisco: California Historical Society, ). (-) [e\ T   compendium contains a wealth of information on the annexation of Alta Califor- nia by the United States, the changeover from Mexican to American rule, the transition from military to civil- ian government, and the earliest days of the Gold Rush. It systematically documents the work of the federal government in the newly won territory from  to .Arguably, these were the most important years in California history and no single publication provides as much raw data as does House Executive Document No. . It opens with a brief statement by Mexican-American War hero President Zachary Taylor, which touches on California’s desire to be admitted to the Union as a state. The federal publication then proceeds with a plethora of official proclamations, reports, circulars, and letters from virtually every important Amer- ican official in California including Washington Bartlett, Walter Colton, R. B. Mason, Bennet Riley, Jonathan Drake Stevenson, Joseph Folsom, Stephen Watts Kearny, William Tecumseh Sherman, John C. Frémont, Henry W. Halleck, and E. R. S. Canby. Because of its importance to national affairs, the govern- ment ordered the printing of , copies. The first part of this official publication details the establishment of a provisional military government following the cessation of hostilities with Mexico. It traces the fascinating but temporary amalgamation of Mexican and American law and grapples with such complex issues as land ownership and local governance. To provide background and context, this publication added in an invaluable series of appendices giving the English translation of several Spanish and Mexican laws and regulations concerning governance of the province beginning in ;provisional regulations for the secularization of the missions promulgated by Governor José Figueroa on August , ; and Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado’s regulations respecting the missions dated January , . In short, it encapsulates the legal history of Hispanic California. This is

 supported by Brevet Captain H. W. Halleck’s detailed analysis of “laws and regulations governing grants or sales of public lands in California.” Such information would later prove essential when the U.S. government challenged the validity of Spanish and Mexican land grants in the early s. When rumors of a great gold discovery reached military headquarters in Monterey, the government dis- patched officers to investigate the commotion. Because their reports and maps are included in this federal publication, it necessarily becomes one of the essential works on the Gold Rush. The most important and influential of these is Colonel Richard B. Mason’s famous report on his tour of the gold fields dated August , .Vividly written, it is one of the earliest accounts to describe the effects of gold fever on the local pop- ulation and one of the first to mention the use of that great symbol of the Argonauts, the cradle or “rocker.” Upon visiting Mormon Island, he writes: “The hill sides were thickly strewn with canvass tents and bush arbors. The day was intensely hot; yet about two hundred men were at work in the full glare of the sun, wash- ing for gold, some with tin pans, some with close-woven Indian baskets, but the greater part had a rude machine known as the cradle. The discovery of these vast deposits of gold has entirely changed the character of Upper California.” At Coloma, he received a tour of the diggings by the discoverer himself, James Mar- shall. Mason’s report was read around the world, republished dozens of times, and appended to several Gold Rush books. Seeing the immediate future, he recommended establishing a mint in San Francisco. Mason’s electrifying narrative was followed up by two other significant reports by Brevet Major Persifor F. Smith and Brevet General and Military Governor Bennet Riley. Smith’s letters from the Isthmus of Panama written in January , concern the intense excitement of the California news and the hundreds of anxious gold seekers waiting to catch a steamer to San Francisco. Smith further expressed the need to stop Mexicans and other “foreigners” from taking the gold out of California. His alarm over non-Americans working the placers eventually led to the infamous Foreign Miner’s Tax. Major Smith, upon arriving in San Francisco, noted the number of enlisted men who had deserted their posts for the diggings. On August , ,a year after Mason’s golden sojourn, General Riley summarized his tour of the mines. He saw firsthand the harsh reality of hunting for gold and warned of exaggerated accounts. Riley touched on the tension between American and Hispanic miners and criticized “any class of men” who attempted to monopolize the gold fields. In a later report, he, like Smith, told of the difficulty of retaining his low-paid troops when the placers beckoned. Included in this publi- cation is the excellent Gold Rush map Sketch of General Riley’s Route through the Mining Districts, July and August . General Riley,acting as military governor, quickly discerned the extraordinary transformation in Califor- nia brought about by the gold mines and the rushing in of thousands of Argonauts. California, he realized, swirled in chaos and needed a stabilizing civilian government. Miners and their suppliers were clamoring for civilian rule and some even threatened to form a Pacific republic. This House document includes many of his letters and proclamations calling for the formation of a civilian government and election of a civilian gover- nor. He reported on the progress of the Constitutional Convention held in Monterey and presented the text of the new state constitution. This government document concluded with reports on the establishment of postal service in California. —Gary F.Kurutz

Item . Detail from map of Fort Hill.

 Item . Carrillo’s rare Esposición against proposed secularization of the California Missions. “The first book about California published by a native Californian” (Streeter).

 [  ]

CARRILLO, Carlos Antonio (-). Exposición dirigida á la Cámara de Diputados del Congreso de la Unión por el Sr. D. Carlos Antonio Carrillo, diputado por la Alta California, sobre arreglo y administración del Fondo Piadoso [caption title]. [Mexico: Imprenta del C. Alejandro Valdés, September , ].  pp. vo, protective marbled wrap- pers. Very fine, with contemporary ink number “” above caption title. The Estelle Doheny–Henry H. Clifford copy. Estelle Doheny’s gilt morocco book labels are affixed to slipcase and inside wrapper. Preserved in full orange morocco folding case. First edition. Barrett, Baja California .Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, pp. -. Doheny Sale  (this copy). Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Libros Californi- anos (Cowan list), p. .Rocq . Streeter Sale :“This speech delivered by Carrillo in the Mexican Congress in the fall of  against proposed secularization of the California Missions is the first book about California published by a native Californian. Carrillo’s recommendations for encouragement of the mis- sions, which he said were instrumental in staving off foreign infiltration, were carried into effect by the Decree on May , .” Weber, The California Missions, p. . Zamorano  # (Henry R. Wagner): “Carrillo was a diputado at the time and a proposal was before the House to take possession of the Pious Fund, a measure which finally was passed in . Carrillo speaks of the continual invasion of the country by English hunters from the Columbia and by Americans from the United States. One of the latter (Jedediah S. Smith) went to Monterey in  with sixty men, to see the comandante. Carrillo therefore called for new missions and pre- sidios in the interior, especially toward the north. Carrillo proposed to lease the properties belonging to the Pious Fund, and this was done in .” (,-,)

. CARRILLO, Carlos Antonio. Exposition Addressed to the Chamber of Deputies of the Congress of the Union...Con- cerning the Regulation and Administration of the Pious Fund. Translated and Edited by Herbert Ingram Priestley.... San Fran- cisco: John Henry Nash, . xx,  [] pp., ornamental chapter headings. to, original half green cloth over green boards, printed paper spine label. Exceptionally fine in very fine d.j. Signed by fine printer John Henry Nash on pastedown. (-) [e\ A   of the high costs of halting the Pueblo Revolt of New Mexico, the crown was unable to finance further growth of Jesuit missions in northwestern New Spain during the final decade of the seventeenth cen- tury. Although Eusebio Francisco Kino, S.J., had failed to achieve permanency at San Bruno on the Califor- nia peninsula in -, his labors inspired fellow Jesuits Juan María de Salvatierra, Francisco María Piccolo, and Juan de Ugarte to continue the efforts to evangelize the Californias. To finance this enterprise, Salvatierra and Ugarte began the collection of alms from benefactors of the Society of Jesus in Mexico City in , and having raised sufficient funds by , Salvatierra and Piccolo succeeded in founding Mission Nuestra Señora de Loreto on the peninsula. Ugarte, remaining in Mexico City, continued to raise funds to assure not only the permanency of Loreto but also the expansion of the mission field, and thus established what became known as the Pious Fund of the Californias. During the seventy-five years of Jesuit presence on the peninsula, the fund received not only generous monetary donations from such noted benefactors as Pres- byter Juan Caballero y Ocio and the Marqués de Villapuente, but also gifts of land that provided sources of income from usufruct in perpetuity. Following the expulsion of the Jesuits in , the income from the Pious Fund was transferred to the Fran- ciscan missionaries from the Colegio de San Fernando for the development of California missions, and in  a percentage of the fund was granted to the Dominican missionaries to continue the peninsular mis- sions. Upon the consummation of Mexican independence in , the fund continued as before; however, with the establishment of a liberal Mexican Republic in , questions were raised as to both the continued presence of Spaniards in national territory as well as the role of the Church in politics and the economy, and in  the Junta de Fomento de Californias proposed government administration of mission temporalities

 (farming and grazing lands). The following year, Governor José de Echeandía decreed the emancipation of those neophytes who wished to leave the missions. In , Spaniards were expelled from the Mexican Republic, and in Alta California the Spanish Fernandino Franciscans were replaced by Mexican friars from the Colegio de Guadalupe in Zacatecas. By , many Mexican liberals increasingly considered the confis- cation of Church property as a means of resolving the rising national debt, and included within this property was the Pious Fund of the Californias and the temporalities of the California missions. Secularization, the conversion of missions into parish churches under a vicar general or bishop, and the distribution by grant or by sale of their temporalities was highly favored by Mexican liberals. Locally, in  the provincial deputies approved a decree for the secularization of the missions, promulgated by Echeandía, but the matter was still under debate nationally. Carlos Antonio Carrillo, deputy for Alta California in the national chamber of deputies, opposed secular- ization and government seizure of the Pious Fund, and argued that the province was insufficiently defended, subject to constant encroachments by British and U.S. nationals, and that the Indian population was unpre- pared to form a part of the Mexican population. Carrillo further proposed the establishment of new pre- sidios and missions to the north of San Francisco Solano de Sonoma and to the interior of the Coast Range. His arguments were printed on September  as a pamphlet, the first publication by a native Alta Californian relative to his homeland. In the same year, he published his arguments for the establishment of local courts under republican legal philosophy in Exposición que el diputado de la Alta California, ciudadano Carlos Antonio Carrillo hace a la Cámara de Diputados, pidiendo se establezcan en aquel territorio los tribunales competentes para su administración de justicia (México: Imprenta de Galván a cargo de Mariano Arévalo, ). Although Carrillo was able to achieve a brief respite for the Pious Fund, on August , ,President Valentín Gómez Farías decreed the national secularization of missions (Baja California was excepted a year later) and the employment of the fund for the promotion of colonization, executed in Alta California by the new governor, José Figueroa. The exceedingly rare pamphlet, probably printed in a very limited run as was the custom, was translated and edited by the eminent historian Herbert Ingram Priestley as Exposition Addressed to the Chamber of Deputies of the Congress of the Union by Señor Don Carlos Antonio Carrillo, Deputy for Alta California, Concerning the Regulation and Administration of the Pious Fund, and finely printed in San Francisco by the famed John Henry Nash in an edition limited to  copies on Van Gelder handmade paper in February . —W.Michael Mathes

 Item . Text from Carrillo’s essay arguing against secularization of the California missions.

 Item . Carson’s Early Recollections of the Mines. The first book printed in Stockton and a rare, early Gold Rush account with an important map.

 [  ]

CARSON, James H. (??-). Early Recollections of the Mines, and a Description of the Great Tulare Valley. By J. H. Carson, Esq. the Discoverer of Carson’s Creek, and One of the Pioneers of the West. Stockton: Published to Accom- pany the Steamer Edition of the “San Joaquin Republican”, .  pp., foldout lithographic map: Map of the Southern Mines by C[harles] D[rayton] Gibbes. . Lith. of Quirot & C o. corner Calif a. & Mong y. S ts. S.F.(. x . cm;  x ¼ inches). vo, original yellow printed wrappers, cover title within rules (inside front wrap and recto of lower wrap with ads, including engraved illustrations of the New York Hotel in Stockton and Adams & Co.’s Express and Banking Offices). Wrappers neatly rebacked with matching paper, top margin of upper wrapper reinforced with glassine tape, small piece of lower blank corner of upper wrapper torn away, light wear and minor chipping to fragile wraps, text and wraps creased at center, overall a very good and desirable copy with splendid provenance, preserved in chemise and half burgundy morocco over bur- gundy cloth slipcase. The Huntington–Edward Eberstadt & Sons–Thomas W.Streeter–Henry H. Clifford copy, with Streeter’s distinctive pencil notes in text (setting forth variations between this book edition and the newspaper appearance). Chemise with Streeter’s note documenting that this copy was a Huntington duplicate for which he paid .Very rare, especially in the wrappers. First edition in book form; first published in the San Joaquin Republican earlier the same year. Baird, Cali- fornia’s Pictorial Letter Sheets  (citing the map in its letter sheet appearance). Bennett, American Book Collect- ing, pp. -.Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. . Graff .Greenwood :“The first book printed in Stockton.” Gudde, California Gold Camps, p. : “Gibbes’ maps are historically important, though they are not always entirely accurate”; California Place Names, p. : “Important source for the names of mining set- tlements.” Holliday .Howell , California .Howes C: “Only a few copies known.” Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Jones .Kurutz, The Califor- nia Gold Rush a. Libros Californianos (Wagner list), p. . Quebedeaux, Prime Sources of California and Nevada Local History  (citing the appearance of Gibbes’s map in the  Stockton directory): “Gibbes’ Map of the Southern Mines is one of the most important of all the maps of the California gold region.” Rocq . Streeter Sale  (this copy): “Gives a fresh, first-hand account of the beginnings of the California gold rush.... One of the very few early sketches on the San Joaquin Valley.” Vail, Gold Fever, p. . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush ; Maps of the California Gold Region . Zamorano  # (Leslie E. Bliss): “The author’s glowing predictions of the future for the Tulare or San Joaquin Valley have in general been sur- passed by the great development of the present.” See also Bancroft, California, vol. ,pp.-. “[Charles Drayton Gibbes’s] maps of [] (portraying...the State and the Southern Mines) were to become landmarks in California’s cartographical history.... In  the only maps of importance were those of Charles Drayton Gibbes, whose [California] map of  has been mentioned [Wheat, Maps of the Califor- nia Gold Region  & p. xxxi]. [Gibbes] had a long career in California as surveyor, cartographer, geographer and scientist. His map of the Southern Mines served to illustrate James H. Carson’s Early Recollections of the Mines [and] gives in considerable detail the roads, trails, rivers and towns from ‘Fort Washington’ on the San Joaquin north to Jackson. Mariposa has now appeared, together with Agua Fria, Mt. Ophir, Big Oak Flat, Chinese D[iggings], Columbia, Shaw’s Flat, Tuttle T[own], Carson’s Hill, Knight’s [Ferry], San Antonio and Mokel [Mokelumne] Hill” (Wheat, Maps of the California Gold Region, pp. xxxi-xxxii). This map also appeared in the  Stockton Directory (Quebedeaux ) and as a California pictorial letter sheet (Baird ). (,-,)

. CARSON, James H. Recollections of the California Mines: An Account of the Early Discoveries of Gold, with Anec- dotes and Sketches of California and Miners’ Life, and a Description of the Great Tulare Valley.... With a Foreword by Joseph A. Sullivan. Oakland: [Printed by Saul & Lillian Marks at the Plantin Press, Los Angeles] for Biobooks, . iii-ix []  [, colophon] pp. (complete),  wood engravings by Henry Shire, folding facsimile of Gibbes’s Map of the Southern Mines, large folding map (facsimile of Gibbes’s  Map of the San Joaquin River), illustrated endpapers. vo, original maroon cloth over tan cloth boards. Fine.

 Limited edition ( copies), reprinted from the  Stockton edition, with added notes by Sullivan. Kurutz, The California Gold Rush c. Rocq .(-) [e\ J H. C, an artillery sergeant stationed at Monterey at the time of the gold discovery,produced one of the great books of California history and the Gold Rush. He provided some of the most lively, colorful, and sardonic accounts of those early Midas-like days when the precious yellow metal could be found with rel- ative ease. Early Recollections of the Mines has the further distinction of being the first book printed in Stockton and one of the earliest works of an original nature published in California. Expressing himself with a gifted and facile pen, the onetime Army sergeant saw as well as anyone the sober side of hunting for gold. But he softened the tales of toil and risk with humor and self-deprecation. He loaded his text with choice anecdotes, amazing stories, and brilliant descriptions of life in the golden land. The following incident illustrates his wonderful talent with words. Initially skeptical of the fantastic dis- covery stories he was hearing, Carson became a believer when he saw a friend open a bag filled with pieces of gold ranging in size from “a pea to hen’s eggs” all picked out with a knife. Overcome, Carson recalled his shivering reaction: “A frenzy seized my soul: unbidden, my legs performed some entirely new movements of polka steps. Piles of gold rose up before me at every step; castles of marble dazzling the eye with their rich appliances; thousands of slaves, bowing to my beck and call; myriads of fair virgins contending with each for my love, were among the fancies of my fevered imagination. In short, I had a very violent attack of Gold

Item . One of the most important and rare Gold Rush maps, published in Carson’s Early Recollections of the Mines (Stockton, ).

 Fever.”This is the best description in Gold Rush literature of the metal-induced ague. It should be pointed out that Carson, with his partners, claimed to have made a discovery in Calaveras County near Angels Camp that netted each partner  ounces in just ten days. Appropriately, the rich find carried the name Carson’s Creek. The second edition of his text and the first in book form is divided into three sections. The first section cov- ers “Recollections of the California Mines” and features his own adventures as well as presenting a vivid his- tory of the discovery and the initial rush. He followed this up with another segment entitled “Anecdotes and Sketches Illustrative of California, and Miner’s Life.” It touches on sailor diggers, a dandy in the mines, Judge Lynch, lawyers’ fees, the first steamer, gambling, ranchos, California Indians, African Americans, Jews, and the first legislature. Carson’s account of a miner’s funeral and the sudden discovery of gold at the burial site is one of the gems of Gold Rush writing. The book concludes with “A Description of the Great Tulare Valley” which consists of a resume of the valley’s soil, rivers, lakes, agricultural and mineral resources, wild horses, and irrigation. The wrapper title states this was the second edition and its history is somewhat complex. Carson originally published his narrative in various issues of George Kerr’s San Joaquín Republican of Stockton. He led off with “Recollections of the Mines” that appeared in ten installments of the Republican from January  to February , . Enthusiastically received, Carson then contributed his description of the Tulare Valley that was published in ten installments from February  to March , .The same March  issue of the Republican included an announcement for the publication of Carson’s Early Recollections of the Mines in a separate form. It consisted of the Argonaut’s articles printed on three newspaper-size sheets. This “first edition” was an enor- mous success and sold out in three days. Carson then proceeded to complete a third series of thirteen articles called “Life in California.” The newspaper published these from March  to May , . On May , , the Republican announced a new and revised edition, and on September  promoted the publication of , copies of the second edition. The paper stated it would be “wrapped in a neat cover for transmission to the Atlantic States.” In printing the text in book format, however, the publisher did not completely replicate the newspaper articles or the first edition but deleted whole sections, reduced some, rearranged others, and made changes in wording. The second edition does not include, for example, Carson’s extensive material on Native Americans or his criticisms of California government. The publisher did, however, add a portion of the “Life in California” series and Charles Drayton Gibbes’s superb  Map of the Southern Mines. Such a valuable text was a natural for reprinting. In ,William Abbatt reprinted the second edition under the title “Life in California” as Extra Number  of his The Magazine of History with Notes and Queries. Joseph A. Sullivan of Biobooks likewise reprinted the second edition text in  in an edition of  copies beautifully printed by The Plantin Press of Los Angeles. In ,Great West Books of Lafayette, California published Bright Gem of the Western Seas, edited by Peter H. Browning. It reprints the original newspaper text, and therefore contains much more material than the second edition. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Douglas W.J. Pepin, “James H. Carson’s Early Recollections of the Mines,”The Book Club of California Quarterly News-Letter : (Summer ), pp. -.

 Item . First edition of Clemens’s first published book, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County—“The most famous tale in California, if not Western, history” (Kurutz).

 [  ]

[CLEMENS, Samuel Langhorne (-)]. The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, and Other Sketches. By Mark Twain [pseud.]. Edited by John Paul [pseud. of Charles Henry Webb]. New York: C. H. Webb, Publisher, .[,blank] [, publisher’s ad]  pp. mo, original green gilt-lettered cloth, gilt jumping frog in diagonal position on lower left corner of upper cover, blindstamped jumping frog in same position on lower cover, beveled edges. Mild wear and light abrading to cloth, occasional mild foxing (almost entirely confined to blank preliminary and terminal leaves), a very good to fine copy, preserved in a chemise and half red morocco and red cloth slipcase. With Warren R. Howell’s pencil note on rear paste- down: “rytxto [cost code] st issue.” First edition of author’s first published book, first issue (single ad leaf on cream-yellow paper inserted before title; p. , last line, “life” unbroken; p. , “i” in “this” unbroken). BAL . Bennett, American Book Collecting, p. n. Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. . Hart, Companion to California, pp. -.Howell , California . Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Johnson, Twain, pp. - .LC,California Centennial . Norris . Streeter Sale .Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier, pp. - . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush .Wright II:. Zamorano  #.(,-,) [e\ M T, with his account of the jumping frog, produced the most famous tale in California, if not West- ern, history. This little gem of humor that introduced the famed author’s first book gave him international prominence. As his publisher, Charles Henry Webb, noted, “By his story of the Frog, he scaled the heights of popularity at a single jump.” Twain’s compilation of tales, along with those of Bret Harte, continues to romanticize and popularize the Gold Rush. The story of the lead-loaded frog (named Daniel Webster) made Angels Camp one of the best-known tourist attractions in the gold country. Twain first learned of the story of the jumping frog when he prospected in the vicinity of Jackass Hill in Tuolumne County. On a rainy January day in  Twain and a friend, James Gillis, went into the bar at the Angels Camp Hotel in nearby Calaveras County and heard a gentlemen by the name of Ben Coon tell the amusing story of the trained frog. He repeated the story to Artemus Ward, who in turn encouraged him to write it up and send it to Ward’s publisher, Carleton, in New York. Carleton was not impressed and sent the story on to Henry Clapp who published it in the final issue (November , ) of the Saturday Press of New York with the title of “Jim and His Jumping Frog.” The tale’s popularity spread across America and Europe. When it reached San Francisco, the story was reprinted in the Californian, a weekly periodical published by Charles Webb. The Californian featured one major change, a new title: “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County.” Encouraged by the huge response, Webb urged his author to publish a book of his West- ern yarns. The book, packed with twenty-seven short stories, appeared in May , bound in cloth with a beautiful gold-stamped frog emblazoned on the front cover. Webb himself provided the foreword, writing under the name of John Paul, and the American News Company served as the distribution agent. It sold for . a copy.Printed with stereotype plates, slightly different issues bound in various colors of cloth were pro- duced, and in September , George Routledge & Sons of London published a wrapper-bound edition embellished with a spectacular frog. Oscar Lewis traced the history of this famous tale in The Origin of “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County.” According to Lewis’s scholarly investigation, a version of the frog story first appeared in the June , , Sonora Herald as “A Toad Story,” and then in the December , , issue of the San Andreas Independent. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Merle Johnson, A Bibliography of the Works of Mark Twain (New York & Lon- don: Harper & Brothers, ), pp. -; Oscar Lewis, The Origin of “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” (San Francisco: The Book Club of California, ); George Williams III, Mark Twain and the Jumping Frog of Calaveras County (Carson City: Tree by the River Publishing, ).

 Item . Twain’s Roughing It—“Twain’s great book on life in California” (Hanna).

 [  ]

CLEMENS, Samuel L[anghorne] (-). Roughing It by Mark Twain (Samuel L. Clemens.).... Hartford: American Publishing Company, etc., . xviii []- [, ad] pp.,  engraved frontispieces,  engraved plates, numerous text illustrations by True W.Williams and other artists. vo, original dark brown gilt-pictorial cloth. Minor wear to spine tips and corners, old ink name neatly erased from front pastedown, front hinge a little weak, but overall a very good copy,the interior fine and fresh. Laid in is the typed catalogue slip of book- seller Barnet B. Ruder setting out issue points. First American edition, state A (p.  with lines - reading “premises—said he/was occupying his”— Blanck notes that state A probably came first), ad on p. [] (no priority). Adams, Guns .BAL . Ben- nett, American Book Collecting, pp. -.Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. . Graff . Hamilton, Early American Book Illustrators and Wood Engravers . Hill, pp. -.Howell , California .Howes C:“Valuable as an autobiographical chapter in the author’s life and as a vivid portrayal of Nevada mining life in the ’s.” Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Johnson, Twain, pp. -. Libros Californianos, pp. - (Powell commentary): “Twain’s genius consisted in his ability to capitalize minor misfortunes common to the genus Homo which psychologists aver rather convincingly, are a sure stim- ulus to human risibilities...certainly this book belongs in any California library”; p.  (Hanna list). Norris .Paher, Nevada :“This is one of Nevada’s all time books.” Powell, California Classics, pp. -. Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier, p. .Wright II:. Zamorano  #.The hilarious illustrations (many of which include portraits of Twain) were created by True W. Williams, a popular illustrator of the late six- ties and seventies. Alfred Bigelow Paine in his Mark Twain, A Biography (New York, ) says of him, “Williams was a man of great talent...but it was necessary to lock him in a room when industry was required, with noth- ing more exciting than cold water as a beverage” (vol. ,p.). (-,) [e\ Roughing It is Sam Clemens’s massive, -page semi-autobiographical account of his six-year sojourn in the West. A master of understatement, he wrote in the prefatory material, “This book is merely a personal narra- tive.... It is a record of several years of variegated vagabondizing.” The book was his only major work to be written specifically about the West and majestically displays his amazing ability to combine humor and tall tales with serious factual reporting. Without doubt, it ranks as one of the all-time favorite American travel books and, because of its author, one of the most studied and analyzed works of Western Americana. San Francisco’s Overland Monthly reviewed the book in June  noting, “His genius is characterized by the breadth, and ruggedness, and audacity of the West.” Roughing It further documents Clemens’s evolution as a writer in turning the personal narrative into an art form. Harriet Elinor Smith, in introducing the Mark Twain Project edition, explains: “The experiences described in Roughing It illuminate how the freedom and spontaneity of the frontier helped him to develop as a writer, encouraging him to experiment and cultivate a distinctive style.” Western mining historian Rodman Paul, in describing the brilliance of the book, states that it is “as if Mark Twain, with his slow drawl and casual manner were telling the story orally and extemporaneously.” This seventy-nine-chapter journal of Western life starts with his celebrated stagecoach ride across the conti- nent to meet up with his brother, Orion Clemens, in Nevada Territory in . Along the way, he engages his reader with incredible imagery,fantastic episodes, and memorable word pictures. Exaggeration, irony,and dead- pan humor permeate the text. In Nebraska, upon stopping at a stage station and seeing its sod roof, he com- mented that it was “the first time we had ever seen a man’s front yard on top of his house.” A stopover in Salt Lake City showcases his skepticism of that Mormon Zion. Once in Nevada, his career working for Joseph Goodman’s Virginia Territorial Enterprise blossomed as he experienced the full blast of life in the Comstock Lode. During this interlude the sagebrush journalist toured such natural wonders as Lake Tahoe and Mono Lake and unsuccess- fully sought his own fortune in prospecting for gold and silver.He then went off to San Francisco, joining that city’s literary circle, headed to Jackass Hill and Angels Camp to prospect, where he learned about leaping frogs, and finally,in ,crossed the ocean to the exotic Sandwich Islands sending letters to the Sacramento Union.

 Integrated into this sometimes disjointed, sometimes serious, sometimes factual narrative are, of course, many gems of humor. His tales and jokes succeeded admirably in taking his audience along for the ride rather than leaving them yawning in a morass of florid Victorian verbiage. The amiable review in the Over- land Monthly devoted the major portion of its text to Clemens’s leg-pulling: “This is a goodly volume, of nearly six hundred pages; and if mirth is indeed one of the best medicines...Roughing It should have a place in every sick-room, and be the invalid’s cherished companion.” Just to give one example, in describing the variable weather conditions at the desolate town of Mono, he wryly commented: “When they have a Fourth of July procession it generally snows on them, and they do say that as a general thing when a man calls for a brandy toddy there, the barkeeper chops it off with a hatchet and wraps it up in a paper, like maple sugar.” Beyond the Twainian humor and importance in documenting his development as literary powerhouse, the book is invaluable for its contribution to the history of the Washoe and Comstock Lode. He captured as well as anyone the grit and flavor of that roaring high-desert, windswept town of Virginia City. Importantly, he lived as a participant and not as an observer during the heyday of the Silver Kings, and consequently brought a unique perspective. The violence and greed in this “get rich quick” atmosphere was not glorified or excused. By his narrative, he immortalized those wild days of the “Big Bonanza” and did for the Silver State what his contemporary Bret Harte did for the Gold Rush. These years of roughing it in the West harvested literary gold. Clemens signed a contract for a book about these adventures in July  with Elisha Bliss of the American Publishing Company. The book would also serve as a companion to his other travel book, The Innocents Abroad. Once Clemens finished the manuscript, both publisher and author embarked on a full-scale publicity blitz. Bliss published several chapters in his The American Publisher, Clemens went on the lecture circuit, and subscription agents carrying prospectuses and

Item . Western humor and women’s history as illustrated by artist True W.Williams in Clemens’s Roughing It.

 “dummies” hit the road. Bliss offered the volume in various binding states: cloth, gilt edge, Leather Library, and half morocco. To further embellish the thick volume, some  wood engravings were included. On Jan- uary , , the binder delivered the first copies and by May nearly , copies had been bound. To preempt pirating, Clemens contracted with George Routledge & Sons of London to simultaneously publish an English edition. Despite not receiving widespread reviews, Roughing It managed to sell , copies the first year, and by the close of the decade, ,. While strong, the sales disappointed both Bliss and Clemens and it did not eclipse The Innocents Abroad in copies sold. Nonetheless, it enjoyed steady patronage, and by  the first American edition had been reprinted at least ten times. More than a century later,this rollicking book of travel remains in print as a classic of Western Americana. Literary historian Patrick D. Morrow in describ- ing the significance of Roughing It calls it “the greatest work of satiric local color.” —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :W.D.Howells, My Mark Twain: Reminiscences and Criticisms (New York: Harper & Brothers, ), pp. -; Hamlin Hill, “Mark Twain’s Book Sales, -,” Bulletin of the New York Public Library : (June ), pp. -;Patrick D. Morrow, “Bret Harte, Mark Twain, and the San Francisco Circle,” in A Literary History of the American West (Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, ), pp. -;Rodman W. Paul, Introduction to Roughing It (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, ); Review in “Current Literature,” Overland Monthly (June ), pp. -;Franklin R. Rogers, Introduction to Roughing It (Berkeley & Los Angeles: Published for the Iowa Center for Textual Studies by the University of California Press, ).

 Item . Clyman’s Adventures of a Trapper—“Gives an important picture of northern California on the eve of the American takeover and Gold Rush” (Kurutz). [  ]

CLYMAN, James (-). James Clyman, American Frontiersman, -:The Adventures of a Trapper and Covered Wagon Emigrant As Told in His Own Reminiscences and Diaries. Edited by Charles L. Camp. San Francisco: Cal- ifornia Historical Society, .[]- [, index] pp. (complete), frontispiece portrait of Clyman (tipped-in silver gelatin photocopy); plate,  maps, text illustration. vo, original navy blue gilt-lettered cloth. Fine in worn,chipped, and soiled d.j. Thomas W. Streeter’s copy, with his book label and pencil notes, including: “Howell...tells me April , [?] that this is getting quite rare. He has had  copy in last  or  years and he sold it for . Decker offers this Dec.  at .A copy sold at  at...Swann Gallery....” Warren Howell’s pencil note on rear pastedown: “ riytx [cost code].” Catalogue slip from Streeter Sale laid in. First edition in book form (text first printed in the California Historical Society Quarterly in installments from June  to March ); limited edition (Charles L. Camp states in the introduction to the  edition that only  copies were printed). Cowan II, p. . Eberstadt, Modern Narratives of the Plains and the Rockies .Flake . Graff. Holliday .Howell , California :“The author was one of the first white men to traverse South Pass and, in , to circumnavigate Great Salt Lake.” Howes C:“The only Oregon overland journal of .” Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Jennewein, Black Hills Book- trails .Malone, Wyomingana, p. .Mattes, Platte River Road Narratives .Mintz, The Trail .Norris :“Very rare.” Paher, Nevada n: “Rare.” Rader .Rocq . Smith . Streeter Sale . Zamorano  #.(-) [e\ M J. M, the noted historian and bibliographer of the Overland Trail, wrote, “Here is one of the most remarkable of all emigrant diaries.... Clyman has a gift for phrasing and an awareness of an epic in progress.” Wright Howes (C) described it as “One of the most trustworthy narratives of the Far West, for the period -.” This publication of the California Historical Society consists of diaries and reminiscences art- fully assembled and skillfully edited by the incomparable Charles L. Camp. They cover a wide range of subject matter from Clyman’s days as a frontiersman in the Rocky Mountains in the s to his trips to California in - during that volatile transitional period from Mexican to American rule. In writing the introduction, Camp commented on the value of Clyman’s reminiscences and daily journals: “They are epics of the frontier; a stirring commentary upon the swift conquest of the continent, reflecting the spirit of the sturdy, free-roving trappers and emigrants who blazed the trails and established themselves in the arcana of the wilderness.” The Virginia-born frontiersman, along with Jedediah Smith, joined William H. Ashley’s second expedition to the Far West in , was one of the first to cross over South Pass, and explored the region around the Great Salt Lake with William Sublette. In , the tall, wiry mountain man went to Oregon, came down into Cali- fornia the following year, returned east with Caleb Greenwood via the Hastings Cutoff (warning westbound travelers including the Donners not to take it), and catching gold fever, returned again to California in . Eventually, this rugged adventurer settled permanently in Napa. In , with the help of his diaries, Clyman wrote up his recollections. The reminiscences pertain to the - period and are invaluable for their cov- erage of the Rocky Mountain fur trade. The overland diary of May  to July , written with picturesque grammar and phonetic spellings, documents his trip via the Oregon Trail to the Willamette Valley and thence to California’s Napa Valley.His diary entries give an important picture of northern California on the eve of the American takeover and Gold Rush. The  portion of the diary concludes with a rare west-to-east return trip. The California Historical Society originally published the Clyman narrative in its quarterly from  to  and then as a book in an edition of only  copies. The detailed footnotes and interpolations by Camp are jewels. It was embellished with three maps detailing Clyman’s travels. In ,The Champoeg Press of Portland, Oregon, published the “Definitive Edition” of , copies. Updated and expanded with new information, it was handsomely designed and printed by Lawton Kennedy. —Gary F.Kurutz Additional sources consulted: Merrill J. Mattes, Platte River Road Narratives: A Descriptive Bibliography of Travel over the Great Central Overland Route to Oregon, California, Utah, Colorado, Montana, and Other Western States and Territories, - (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, ), entry #.

 Item . Colton’s Three Years in California, with humorous Gold Rush illustrations. “An essential work documenting the transition of California from a remote Mexican province to a pulsating, gold-driven American state” (Kurutz).

 [  ]

COLTON, Walter (-). Three Years in California.... New York: A. S. Barnes & Co.; Cincinnati: H. W. Derby & Co., .  pp., engraved frontispiece portrait of Sutter by Burt,  engraved plates on tinted grounds ( portraits by Burt,  views and comical mining scenes by J. W. Orr), large folding facsimile (“Dec- laration of Rights in the Constitution of California...”), engraved map (Valley of the Sacramento and San Joaquin, J. W. Or r, N.Y., . x . cm; ¾ x ⅜ inches), text illustrations, ads on front endpapers. vo, original brown blindstamped cloth with gilt vignette of the Great Seal of California on upper cover, spine gilt-lettered. A bit of trivial binding wear and a few small expert repairs at spinal extremities, mild to moderate foxing to inte- rior, a few short clean tears to folding facsimile, generally a fine, bright, tight copy. First edition. Cowan I, pp. -:“The facsimile...‘Declaration of Rights’...is often missing.” Cowan II, p. . Graff. Gudde, California Gold Camps, p. . Hill, p. .Howell , California .Howes C. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush a. LC, California Centennial . Norris .Rocq .Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier, p. . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush : “Colton’s entries graphically depict the news and results of the gold discovery in the coastal towns. Excellent engraved portraits of Sutter and other pioneers”; Maps of the California Gold Region . Zamorano  #.The lively, humorous plates by John William Orr (-) are “A United States Deserter, from the Fort at Monterey, on His Way to the Mines, upon the Back of a Mule Which the Vulture Claims”; “A California Party on a Pic-nic Excursion”; “One of the ‘Upper Ten’ in the Diggings...”; “An Alcalde at the Mines Examining a Lump of Gold...”; “Degree of Fortune in the California Gold-Diggings...”; and “Come, Old Fellow, You Had Better Knock Off, and Go Home with Me....” Wood engraver Orr was born in Ireland, came to the United States at an early age, and studied with William Redfield in New York City.Orr established studios in Buffalo () and New York City (). “He was one of the best known wood engravers of his generation” (Hamilton, Early American Book Illustrators and Wood Engravers, vol. ,p.). (-) [e\ W C, the former editor of the North American in Philadelphia and first American alcalde at Mon- terey, wrote one of the most colorful, breezy, and fact-filled accounts of the conquest of California and the early days of the gold discovery. It is an essential work documenting the transition of California from a remote Mexican province to a pulsating, gold-driven American state. The majority of the book is written in journal form and opens with the raising of the American flag at Monterey on July , . Colton, in the first chapters, covers the Mexican-American War in Alta California and news of the campaign in Mexico. In addition, he provides engaging and often humorous and satirical descriptions of life in the old capital. Along with Robert Semple, Colton achieved a historic first in California history, the founding of a newspaper appropriately called the Californian on August , . His account of printing the first number is a monu- ment to resourcefulness. He modestly stated: “Though small in dimensions, our first number is as full of news as a black-walnut is of meat.” Writing earlier than the other great authors of the Gold Rush, J. D. Borthwick (q.v.), Bayard Taylor (q.v.), and Frank Marryat (q.v.), Colton left a breathtaking account of the placers in  and early  before the waves of gold seekers swamped the Sierra. His description of the first news of the gold discovery is unsur- passed. On May , , he wrote: “Our town was startled out of its quiet dream to-day, by the announce- ment that gold had been discovered on the American Fork.” Early in June, Colton dispatched a messenger to see what all the excitement was about and the messenger came back on June  with yellow lumps in his pocket. This started the rush out of Monterey and inspired Colton to compose one of the most memorable quotes of the Gold Rush: “The blacksmith dropped his hammer, the carpenter his plane, the mason his trowel, the farmer his sickle, the baker his loaf, and the tapster his bottle. All were off for the mines, some on horse, some on carts, and some on crutches, and one went in a litter.” Gold fever had struck, and in short order his town was deserted. Colton himself made a tour of the mines in October and November and met R. B Mason and W. T. Sherman on the Stanislaus River. Throughout his text are electric descriptions of those

 heady early days when gold could be simply picked off the ground. Demonstrating his rhythmic prose style, Colton made the following observation of the Argonauts on November , : “Such a mixed and motley crowd—such a restless, roving, rummaging, ragged multitude, never before roared in the rockeries of man.” Three Years in California was the sequel to his Deck and Port (). Colton corrected the final proofs for this momentous book in March . He then fell ill and died on January , .The preface is dated Philadel- phia, July . Colton dedicated the book to that great Californio, Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo. The humor- ous etchings, not found in later editions, are in keeping with Colton’s wit. Three Years in California received glowing reviews upon publication. The Washington Republic wrote: “While the reader is instructed on every page, he will laugh about a hundred if not a thousand times before he gets through this captivating volume.” Anticipating brisk sales and future printings, the book was printed with stereotyped plates by Richard C. Valentine of New York. Barnes & Company reprinted the title in , , , , , and . The Land of Gold, published in  by D. W. Evans & Company simply reprinted the earlier work using the stereo- typed plates. In , Stanford University published a facsimile edition with an introduction by Marguerite Eyer Wilbur. The Arno Press (New York, ) also produced a facsimile. —Gary F.Kurutz

Item . Map accompanying Colton’s Three Years in California.

 [  ]

COOLBRITH, Ina [Donna] (-). Songs from the Golden Gate.... With Illustrations by William Keith. Boston & New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company; Cambridge: The Riverside Press, . vii []  pp.,  half- tone plates (photographs of William Keith’s paintings). mo, original gilt-lettered green cloth, gilt lyre on upper cover, t.e.g. Binding slightly shelf-worn and with a few light stains, mild browning to endpapers, care- lessly opened, good to very good copy. Signed by author in pencil on front free endpaper. First edition. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .LC, California Centennial . Norris . Notable American Women I, pp. -: “Coolbrith...was made an honorary member of [the Bohemian Club], an honor accorded to no other woman.” Walker, A Literary History of South- ern California, pp. -; San Francisco’s Literary Frontier, p. : “She refused to write her autobiography,[stating] ‘Were I to write what I know, the book would be too sensational to print; but were I to write what I think proper, it would be too dull to read.’” Zamorano  #. Artist William Keith (-), “Scottish-born painter, went to California ().... He frequently went on outings throughout the state with John Muir and John Burroughs, making observations for his paintings.... In his day he was esteemed as the leading depicter of California’s natural setting” (Hart, Companion to California, p. ). (-)

. COOLBRITH, Ina [Donna]. Songs from the Golden Gate.... Boston & New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company; Cambridge: The Riverside Press, []. vii []  [] pp., frontispiece portrait of author,  halftone plates (photographs of William Keith’s paintings). mo, original gilt-lettered white cloth, gilt lyre on upper cover, t.e.g. A few light stains, otherwise fine. Author’s signed presentation copy to noted California artist Maynard Dixon (Hart, Companion to California, p. ) and his wife: “To Maynard and Dorothea Dixon, in grateful appreciation of the glowing bit of California you give me wherewith to brighten my exile. Ina Coolbrith. Russian Hill, Aug. , .” Fourth impression, with the lovely photogravure of the author that did not appear in the first impression. (-) [e\ T   of poems included in this august list of Californiana is Ina Coolbrith’s Songs of the Golden Gate. She had a passion for California equaled by few others and this slender volume features the best of her lyric poetry. Pioneer literary historian Ella Sterling Cummins (q.v.) praised her, saying, “There is no other woman writer in California who equals her in beauty and strength and purity of language.” This “mistress of California verse” was a remarkable woman in an age dominated by men. As a child she came overland to the Golden State in  via covered wagon, claiming to have been carried across the Sierra on the saddle of James P.Beckwourth, the famed mountain man. Living in mining camps and then Los Ange- les, she received a modest education. Eventually settling in San Francisco, she penetrated the City’s young literary scene and knew just about everyone of consequence. She helped Bret Harte (q.v.) establish the Overland Monthly and associated with the likes of Sam Clemens (q.v.), Charles Warren Stoddard, Ambrose Bierce, and Joaquin Miller (q.v.). In addition, she served as the librarian of the Oakland Free Library, befriending and guiding the education of Jack London and Isadora Duncan. Later, she became the librar- ian of the Bohemian Club in San Francisco. Ever mindful of her adopted state’s rich literary heritage, she organized a World Congress of Authors at the  Panama Pacific International Exposition, and for her efforts, the California Legislature named her as the state’s first poet laureate. Coolbrith consistently submitted her poems to local and national publications. Her first verse appeared in the San Francisco literary weekly,the Californian. The Overland Monthly, Scribner’s, Harper’s, and Century all pub- lished her poetry.Her best-known poem, “California,” was published for the first time in her anthology, A Per- fect Day () and then in Songs from the Golden Gate. Her associate, Ella Cummins, extolled her verse for its orig- inality, writing, “There is strength and there is beauty in every line that Ina D. Coolbrith writes. Full of local color are Miss Coolbrith’s poems—that one ingredient lacking many of our poets. The meadow-larks sing

 Item : Ina Coolbrith’s Songs from the Golden Gate with illustrations by William Keith—the only book of poetry in The Zamorano .

 joyously, the Californian skies over-arch the earth, the rains fall, pictures and metaphors spring always into being from this land of our own.” Charles F.Lummis, in that wonderful book section of his The Land of Sunshine called “That Which Is Writ- ten,” gave a short but flattering review of Songs from the Golden Gate: “It was admirably worth while to bring together in so chaste and charming a volume Ina Coolbrith’s California poems. At this date there is no need to discuss Miss Coolbrith’s rights as a poet, for she won her spurs long ago and beyond cavil; but this massing of her work will certainly add to her fame. Seriatim, it has been enjoyed; collected, it vindicates its claim to per- manency. The verse is of a high average; delicate, clear, elevated and of a genuine poetic feeling; and in such occasional bursts as the opening poem ‘California,’ and the one of Rain-in-the-Face, it strikes a note of unusual strength and resonance.” In , Houghton, Mifflin published a second edition. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Ella Sterling Cummins, The Story of the Files (San Francisco: Co-Operative Printing Co., ), pp. -;James D. Hart, A Companion to California (New York: Oxford University Press, ), p. ;Review by Charles F.Lummis in The Land of Sunshine : (January ), p. .

Item A. Photogravure of Ina Donna Coolbrith (-), California’s nineteenth-century Poet Laureate.

 Item . Costansó’s Diario histórico (Mexico, ), report of the first land expedition to Alta California—“The first book that relates exclusively to California” and “probably the rarest of all Californiana” (Cowan). [  ]

[COSTANSÓ, Miguel] (-). Diario histórico de los viages de mar, y tierra hechos al norte de la California de orden del Excelentissimo Señor Marqués de Croix, Virrey, Governador, y Capitán General de la Nueva España: Y por dirección del Illustrissimo Señor D. Joseph de Gálvez...executados por la Tropa destinada á dicho objeto al mando de Don Gaspar de Portolá, Capitán de Dragones en el Regimiento de España, y Governador en dicha Peninsula.... Mexico: De Orden del Excmo. Sr. Virrey, Imprenta del Superior Gobierno, []. []  pp., edges tinted yellow. Small folio, plain contempo- rary paper wrappers. Occasional very light staining and minor spotting (mainly affecting title), otherwise very fine, preserved in a green cloth chemise and slipcase. The Estelle Doheny–Henry H. Clifford copy (with Doheny’s green gilt morocco book label affixed to chemise). This book is found on three of the lists of “The Twenty Rarest and Most Important Books Dealing with the History of California” (Bliss, Cowan & Wagner). Cowan (I, p. ) states that “It is believed that the work was suppressed by the Spanish government immedi- ately upon its appearance, as it contained certain information that might be of use to navigators of other nationalities, and Spain distrusted England. Subsequently a manuscript copy was translated into English by William Reveley, and published in London in .A copy of each of these works is known to be in this state [California], but they are superlatively rare—probably the rarest of all Californiana.” First edition. Barrett, Baja California .Cowan I, pp. -: “Of the utmost importance. The first book that relates exclusively to California.” Cowan II, p. . Doheny Sale  (this copy). Graff . Hill, p. .Howes C: “Intrinsic importance and superlative rarity, combined with its status as the first book devoted entirely to California, place this item, either in Spanish or English, in the top rank of memorable and desirable Cali- fornia books.” Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .LC, California Centennial . Libros Californianos (Bliss, Cowan & Wagner lists), pp. -, , .Mathes, California Colonial Bibliography . Medina, México . Sabin . Streeter, Americana-Beginnings . Streeter Sale  (title illustrated, p. ): “The Portolá expedition was sent to found Monterey and San Diego, the first settle- ments in what is now the state of California. Approaching settlement from the north by the Russians prompted the Spanish to occupy formally Alta California. It was also on this expedition that San Francisco bay was discovered by land approach.” Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast, p. ; Spanish Southwest . Zamorano  #.(,-,)

. [COSTANSÓ, Miguel]. Diario histórico de los viages de mar, y tierra hechos al norte de la California.... N.p., n.d. []  pp. (photostatic facsimile on thick paper). Small folio, early-twentieth-century leather over plum cloth, gilt-lettered tan leather spine label. Spine worn, chipped, and abrading. The Lyman-Howell-Clifford copy. An exact photo facsimile of the original edition. (-)

. COSTANSÓ, Miguel. The Portolá Expedition of -. Diary of Miguel Costansó.... Edited by Frederick J. Te g gart. Berkeley: University of California (Pubs. Acad. Pac. Coast Hist. :), .  pp., Spanish and English on facing pages, folding map of California by Costansó (based on printed map of : Carta reducida del Oceano Asiatico ó Mar del Sur, que comprehende la Costa Oriental y Occidental de la Peninsula de la California con el Golfo...). vo, original tan printed wrappers. Light wear to fragile wraps, otherwise very fine. First printing of a previously unpublished diary by Costansó in the Sutro Library in San Francisco. Cowan II, p. .The present diary varies somewhat from the  printed Diario histórico (see Item  above). In addi- tion, this edition includes a reproduction of the map that Costansó drew in Mexico in  based on his observations as engineer of the expedition. Tomás López printed this exceedingly rare map in Madrid in , and it is practically impossible to procure. For more on the map, see California :Forty-Nine Maps of Cal- ifornia from the Sixteenth Century to the Present n (quoting Mathes): “This is the first map of the coast of Califor- nia based on observation since the charting of the coast by Vizcaíno in .... Modern San Francisco Bay appears on a printed map for the time as Estero de S. Francisco.... The chart was not widely circulated in keep- ing with the practice of Spanish secrecy, and knowledge of the great bay was not diffused for some time.” Torres Lanzas, Relación descriptiva de los mapas, planos & de México y Floridas, Seville,  (vol. ,pp.-) .

 Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast . Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West I, p.  mentions this printed map in a footnote. (-)

. COSTANSÓ, Miguel, et al. The Spanish Occupation of California: Plan for the Establishment of a Government. Junta or Council Held at San Blas, May , . Diario of the Expeditions Made to California.... Translated from the Span- ish Documents by Douglas S. Watson and Thomas Workman Temple II and the “Diario” of Miguel Costansó Follows.... San Francisco: The Grabhorn Press, . xiv,  pp., title printed in red and black, woodcut portraits of Jose de Gálvez and Fray Junípero Serra, facsimile signatures, folding map (facsimile of manuscript map by Costansó from : Carta reducida del Oceano Asiatico nombrado por los navegantes Mar del Sur, que comprehende la Costa Oriental y Occidental de la Peninsula de la California con el Golfo...). to, original tan cloth over orange patterned boards, printed paper spine label. Mild to moderate browning to endpapers, otherwise very fine. Limited edition ( copies). Grabhorn (-) #.Two documents on California by Gálvez accom- pany Costansó’s Diario histórico. The account by Costansó is the same as that found in Teggart’s translation, but the map presented in this edition is a photoreproduction of Costansó’s  manuscript map in the Archives of the Ministry of War at Madrid, Spain. The manuscript map was the basis for the map printed by Tomás López in . See California :Forty-Nine Maps of California from the Sixteenth Century to the Present n. Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast .Frederic W. Goudy designed the Franciscan type used in this fine press edition. (-)

. [COSTANSÓ, Miguel]. Diario histórico de los viages de mar, y tierra hechos al norte de la California. Mexico: Edi- ción Chimalistac, .[]- [] pp. (complete), facsimile of title page of original edition of . vo, orig- inal full crimson morocco, spine gilt with raised bands. Very fine in black cloth slipcase. From the library of noted collector and legal historian Kenneth M. Johnson, with his bookplate on front pastedown. Printed label of Librería de Porrúa Hermanos y Cía. México, D.F.tipped in at back. The Henry H. Clifford copy. Second Spanish edition, limited edition (# of  numbered copies). This edition contains a historical intro- duction, footnotes, and index. (-) [e\ F   establishment of a permanent settlement at the mission and presidio of Nuestra Señora de Loreto by Jesuit Father Juan María de Salvatierra in , the Spanish advance toward the north began. A shortage of personnel and supply and the rugged terrain of the peninsula of California forestalled progress, but following the expulsion of the Society of Jesus in , the crown gave full support to rapid expansion toward the bays of San Diego and Monterey in Alta California, which had been named and charted by Sebastián Vizcaíno in . Miguel Costansó, a native of Barcelona and officer of the Royal Corps of Engineers, was serving in Sonora when he received notice of the involvement of fellow Catalán officers and troops in the occupation of Alta California planned by Visitor General José de Gálvez in , and after receiving permission to join the enterprise, he met with Gálvez in the recently created Naval Department of San Blas (Nayarit) on May  of that year to participate in preparations for the expedition. While there, Costansó prepared the first chart of the port of San Blas. Joining Gálvez again on the peninsula, Costansó, a professional cartographer and draughtsman, pre- pared maps of the Bahía de La Paz and Cabo San Lucas prior to his departure for San Diego aboard San Carlos on January , .Suffering from scurvy, Costansó reached the port on April  and, following recuperation, on July  departed overland with Lieutenant Pedro Fagés and six soldiers under the com- mand of Captain Gaspar de Portolá in search of Monterey Bay. With only the maritime descriptions from the Vizcaíno expedition (published in Manila in  by José González Cabrera Bueno in his Navegación especulativa y práctica...), the expedition bypassed the bay and reached the Golden Gate on October  from where Point Reyes was recognized. After eleven days attempting to reach Point Reyes, Portolá ordered the return southward, and recognizing the Point of Pines, the expedition remained at Monterey Bay from November  to December .

 Item . Epochal Californiana.

 Upon return to San Diego on January ,Portolá and Costansó prepared a return to Monterey for occu- pation of the port, with Costansó sailing aboard San Antonio with Father Junípero Serra on April  and a land expedition with twenty soldiers under Portolá and Fagés departing the following day.In May and June the site of the presidio of San Carlos and mission San Carlos Borromeo was laid out by Costansó, who then sailed with Portolá for San Blas on July  and reached Mexico City on August ,where they reported the success of their enterprise to Viceroy Marqués de Croix. As a result, an abridged report was published on August  under the title of Estracto de noticias del puerto de Monterey.... On October , the more complete report compiled by Costansó was published, with a detailed chronol- ogy of the land and sea expeditions, descriptions of the country with latitude readings of established land- marks, ethnographic and linguistic observations, and a report of the founding of Monterey. Costansó also prepared the first map of the Bay of Monterey and on October  completed his Carta reducida del Océano Asiático... of the California coast from Cabo Corrientes to Point Reyes, engraved and printed the following year in Madrid, the first revisions of California cartography since . This first detailed report relative to Alta California drew the attention of Spain’s long-standing rival of ter- ritory in the New World, Britain, and an English translation published in  was sponsored by Alexander Dalrymple to support English claims to the Pacific based upon the voyage of Francis Drake in  during the Nootka Sound Convention. A German translation appeared in Tübingen in -,a second English translation in Worcester, Massachusetts in  and subsequent English-language editions were published in San Francisco in , Los Angeles in -, Berkeley in , San Francisco in , Newhall, Califor- nia in , and Fairfield, Washington in .The second Spanish edition was published in Mexico City in , and subsequent editions appeared in Madrid in , Lérida in , and Barcelona in . —W.Michael Mathes

 [  ]

COWAN, Robert Ernest (-). A Bibliography of the History of California and the PacificWest -...Together with the Text of John W.Dwinelle’s Address on the Acquisition of California by the United States of America. San Francisco: [Edward Dewitt Taylor, John Henry Nash & Henry H. Taylor for] The Book Club of California, . xxxi []  [] pp. to, original tan linen over drab blue boards, printed paper spine label. Spine label chipping, other- wise very fine and fresh. From the library of one of the printers of this volume, San Francisco fine printer Edward Dewitt Taylor, with his bookplate on front pastedown (see Hart, Companion to California, p. ). First edition, limited edition (# of  copies); first book printed by The Book Club of California. Cowan II, p. . Holliday .Howell , California :“The standard bibliography of California.” Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Streeter Sale . Zamorano  #. Although the - edition is preferred for bibliographical research, this first edition contains informative notes not found in the subsequent edition. Hart, Companion to California, p. :“John Henry Nash (-)...in  moved to San Francisco where he was associated with the Tomoyé Press (-) of the bookseller Paul Elder in publishing California writings and with Taylor & Taylor (-) before founding his own firm for fine printing (). From it he issued lavishly designed and elegantly made books for direct sale in limited editions, but also printed for The Book Club of California, William Andrews Clark, William Randolph Hearst, and other customers and patrons. His publications...all were done in a grandly impressive style.” See Gary F. Kurutz, An Essay on Robert E. Cowan’s “A Bibliography of California and the Pacific West, -” (San Francisco: The Book Club of California, ). (-)

.COWAN, Robert Ernest & Robert Graniss Cowan. A Bibliography of the History of California -. San Francisco: John Henry Nash, .v [,blank]  + [, title] []- + [] - (index) pp.  vols., to, original half beige linen over tan boards, printed paper spine labels. Exceptionally fine, in publisher’s original terracotta cloth box (remains of original printed label on box). Second edition, revised and enlarged, limited edition ( copies). Cowan II, p. .Howell , California . Streeter Sale .( vols.) (-) [e\ R E. C, the foremost authority on Californiana and Western Americana, wrote the first system- atic bibliography of California history in book form. Beautifully designed by John Henry Nash and printed by Taylor, Nash, and Taylor in an edition of  copies, it is also the first book published by The Book Club of California. This represented a pioneering effort and paved the way for the Club’s long and distinguished publishing program. Cowan’s work, for the time period it covers, remains to this day the bibliographic cornerstone of California history. In compiling this bibliography, Cowan selected what he considered to be the thousand most important titles on California history. He boiled down the selection from an initial list of over seven thousand items, many of which he considered too ephemeral or inappropriate for a formal bibliography.The great joy in this compendium is not only the wise choices but also the fabulous notes that accompanied over six hundred of the entries. Cowan’s annotations make the book a delight to read, enlightening the reader with salient biblio- graphic data and memorable and sometimes amusing anecdotes concerning the books he described. To illus- trate, he wrote thirty-one fact-filled lines of text about Charles P.Kimball’s San Francisco directory for  and a page and half on Francisco Palóu’s Noticias de la Nueva California (). He could not resist editorializing as demonstrated by his notes on Henry Huntley’s California: Its Gold and Its Inhabitants (London, ): “Enter- taining reading, tinctured occasionally by the mild sarcasm of an English baronet, whose dignity sometimes encountered a mild shock.” He supported the bibliography with title and subject indexes. Upon publication, Cowan and his publisher received both applause and criticism. T. J. Cobden-Sander- son of Doves Press fame and Hubert Howe Bancroft, the great historian and collector, sang its praises.

 Item . Cowan’s monumental Bibliography of the History of California. “The bibliographic cornerstone of California history” (Kurutz). Cobden-Sanderson wrote the bookman a congratulatory letter commenting “It is as interesting as beauti- ful.” On the other hand, Herbert I. Priestley of the Bancroft Library wrote a stinging review attacking it on multiple fronts ranging from the small number of titles described to its deckle edges. Cowan responded to his critic, calling him “somewhat amateurish” and “reptilian.” He further pointed out that the Club had asked him to write a selective and not a comprehensive bibliography. The Book Club sold their first title for the then steep price of . a copy and sales predictably lagged. However, as time passed, copies became hard to find and the bibliographer, then working as William Andrews Clark’s librarian, embarked on an expanded and updated edition. The Book Club of California, struggling to weather the Great Depression, decided to release Cowan to publish the bibliography on his own with his son, Robert Graniss Cowan, as coauthor. John Henry Nash, the noted San Francisco fine printer, designed and printed the text. The new edition came out in  in two volumes with a separate index vol- ume, all housed in a handsome slipcase. It included over , titles, deleted the words “The Pacific West” from the title, and took the entries up to . Expansion of numbers did come with a price: Cowan had to slash or eliminated his notes. For this reason, the  first edition, with its robust annotations, has not been superceded. In , Long’s College Book Company published a new edition of the  version with an introduction by Henry R. Wagner and additional notes by the bibliographer’s son, Robert G. Cowan. In , the son further contributed to his father’s legacy by writing a fourth volume of new titles “to fill some of the gaps.” Finally,the same year he published Volume ,Robert G. Cowan issued a four-volumes-in-one fac- simile edition. Because of their prodigious work, any serious bookman delving into Californiana will always cite “Cowan” and admire the artful notes. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Kenneth Karmiole, California Printing: A Selected List of Books Which Are Signi- ficant or Representative of a California Style of Printing, Part II (San Francisco: The Book Club of California, ), entry #; Gary F. Kurutz, An Essay on Robert E. Cowan’s “A Bibliography of California and the Pacific West, - ” (San Francisco: The Book Club of California, ).

 Item . Cummins’s The Story of the Files. “The first serious attempt at a survey history of California journalism and literature” (Kurutz). [  ] CUMMINS, Ella Sterling [Mighels] (-). The Story of the Files: A Review of Californian Writers and Litera- ture...Issued under the Auspices of the World’s Fair Commission of California, Columbian Exposition, . [San Francisco: Co-Operative Printing Co.], .[, ads]  [, ads] pp., frontispiece, plates, numerous text illustrations (including halftone portraits),  errata sheets tipped in. vo, original brown pictorial boards, beveled edges, decorated endsheets. Fragile binding lightly rubbed, chipped, and with a few splits (mainly at spine and joints), overall a very good copy of a fragile book, interior very fine. First edition. Cowan I, p. :“The material in this work is an exceedingly valuable collection, which, with the numerous portraits, could never again be regathered.” Cowan II, p. . Holliday .Howell , Califor- nia . Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Norris . Rocq . Streeter Sale .Walker, A Literary History of Southern California, p. ; San Francisco’s Literary Frontier, pp. -. Zamorano  #. See Hart, Companion to California, p. .(-) [e\ I , the California State Legislature recognized Ella Cummins as the first “Historian of Literary Califor- nia.” The Story of the Files, her major work, is the first serious attempt at a survey history of California journal- ism and literature, and preserves much information that would otherwise have been lost because of the cata- clysmic  San Francisco Earthquake and Fire. Her documentation of forty years of literary development served as a foundation for such later works as Franklin Walker’s San Francisco’s Literary Frontier. While modern scholarship has superceded much of her research, The Story of the Files is packed with still-useful information, is beautifully written, and reflects the opinions of someone who lived the times. Ella Cummins was indeed well qualified for the task. In the prelude to her book she wrote, “But the writer, who was born in the mines, cradled in a gold-rocker, and grew up in a quartz-mill, knew many of these shad- ows [meaning writers] as living realities, from her childhood, and honored and adored them. Thus it has become a labor of love.” An accomplished journalist, she began work on what eventually became The Story of the Files when writing for the San Francisco Wasp in . During the course of time, she corresponded with and interviewed scores of California authors, gathering the raw data for her articles. As she revealed, she yielded to the gentle pressure to assemble her research into book form as part of the California exhibit at the Chicago World’s Columbian Exhibition. In so doing, she covered just about every figure and literary event in the state’s post–Gold Rush history beginning with that pioneer publication, The Golden Era. She centered her study of the publications themselves with chapters, for example, entitled the “Overland [Monthly] School,” “Writers of the Sage Brush School,” and “The Argonaut School.” For each topic, she included short, useful profiles of the various writers. Her book included excellent summaries of the early magazines and newspapers that made California such a remarkable land of letters. She devoted entire chap- ters to such giants of the California scene as H. H Bancroft, Henry George, Ambrose Bierce, and “the incom- parable three”: Mark Twain, Bret Harte, and Joaquin Miller. Importantly, her profiles recorded the contri- butions of dozens of now minor short story writers, novelists, poets, and journalists. As a woman laboring in a restrictive nineteenth-century man’s world, she was keenly aware of the limitations put on her gender and emphasized the role of women throughout her text. She even added a chapter called “Literature as a Profes- sion for Women.” Taking advantage of the new technology of her times, her book was amply illustrated with over one hundred halftone photographs of her subjects. In addition to compiling and writing this work of reference, Cummins (later married to Henry H. Mighels), wrote six other books, including two novels; an anthology, Literary California (); and an autobi- ography, Life and Letters of a Forty-Niner’s Daughter (); and edited her father’s Gold Rush diary, How Many Miles to St. Jo? (). The Story of the Files originally sold for . a copy in a leatherette binding with a California poppy deco- ration on the front cover and was marketed to libraries. In  Yosemite Collections of San Leandro pub- lished a facsimile edition of  copies with an introduction by Oscar Lewis. —Gary F.Kurutz

 Item . Dale’s masterfully edited Ashley-Smith Explorations—“A source-book about Jedediah Smith, the first white man to enter California overland from the eastern U.S.” (Daniel Woodward). [  ]

DALE, Harrison Clifford (ed.) (-). The Ashley-Smith Explorations and the Discovery of a Central Route to the Pacific, -, with the Original Journals.... Cleveland: The Arthur H. Clark Company, .  pp.,  maps,  plates. vo, original red cloth, t.e.g. Binding faded and lightly worn, interior very fine. California Thespian Jean Hersholt’s copy with gilt bookplate on front pastedown (Talbot, Historic California in Book- plates, pp. -, illustrated). First edition. Clark & Brunet, The Arthur H. Clark Company : “One of the basic works in fur trade history.” Cowan II, p. .Edwards, Enduring Desert, p. :“Jedediah Smith is the first known white man to come into California via the overland route from the east, crossing the Mojave Desert into Los Angeles.” Howes D. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Mattes, Platte River Road Narratives .Paher, Nevada . Plains & Rockies IV:n. Zamorano  #.With this lot we include a com- panion volume to Dale relating to the cartography of the Ashley-Smith exploration: MORGAN, D. L. & C. I. Wheat. Jedediah Smith and His Maps of the American West. San Francisco: California Historical Society, . []  pp.,  maps ( folding). Tall folio, original rose cloth. Spine faded, else fine. First edition, limited edition ( copies printed). Evans . Harding, Wheat . Libros Californianos, pp.  (Powell commentary): “Trapper, trader, and first white man overland into California, Jed Smith is here given the fullest treatment possible in view of the scarcity of material about him.” ( vols.) (-,) [e\ T  Arthur H. Clark publication is credited with rescuing Jedediah Smith from obscurity. Dale L. Morgan, the great scholar of overland travel and biographer of Smith, praised Dale’s book for open- ing “new vistas in fur-trade history.” Dale, a professor of political science at the University of Wyoming, pro- duced one of the seminal books concerning the exploration of the Far West. He proved that Smith deserved the appellation of “Pathfinder” before John C. Frémont. The basis for his book consisted of several manu- scripts he discovered in the collections of the Missouri Historical Society.In his introduction, he summarized the contents of his book: “The narratives of these explorations comprising a recently discovered manuscript account by William H. Ashley,describing his journey to and down Green River, in -,a letter of Jede- diah Smith, covering his first expedition to California, an unpublished letter, also by him, describing his sec- ond expedition through California to Fort Vancouver, and the unpublished fragmentary journals of Harri- son G. Rogers, covering both the Smith expeditions.” Dale supported these documents with extensive footnotes and biographies of Ashley and Smith. Importantly, Dale brings out the true significance of their accomplishments, frequently drawing compar- isons with Lewis and Clark. The latter, of course, were “professionals” in the service of their government; whereas Smith and Ashley were not trained scientists or explorers but mountain men in search of furs. In comparing degrees of difficulty, Dale points out that “Ashley and Smith, crossing from one complicated drainage area to another, were obliged to traverse a series of lofty mountain barriers as well as vast stretches of difficult and trying desert.” Smith accompanied Ashley to the Great Salt Lake and from there he pushed through largely unexplored territory to the Pacific. During his eight years of wandering through unknown hostile territory, Smith accomplished an incredible number of firsts. He became the first white man to reach California overland, the first since Lewis and Clark to reach the Pacific coast, the first to cross the Sierra, and the first to cross the Great Basin. No one prior to Smith had seen so much of the West and contributed so much to geographic knowledge. His death at the young age of thirty-two cut short a life full of promise. Dale, at the time he researched these manuscripts and wrote his accompanying narrative, did not have access to the journals of Smith. They were presumed lost and only brought to light by George R. Brooks in .For- tunately, he at least had access to the fragments of the “record of daily occurrences” kept by Harrison G. Rogers, the clerk of the company. “Nothing,” Dale noted, “escaped his attention.” The Rogers journal is not only invaluable for tracing the movements of Smith and his company of fifteen men but also for its detailed

 record of their stay at Mission San Gabriel. Beginning on November , , and ending on January , , Rogers recorded a superb overview of the mission system shortly before its dissolution. Although influenced by his Calvinistic upbringing, Rogers gave a sympathetic account, including their religious beliefs and ceremonies. He further reported on the difficulties experienced with the local government officials who were naturally sus- picious of the Americans. The second journal began on May  and ended on July , , and provided important documentation on their movements in northern California and Oregon, their visits to Mexican set- tlements and encounters with government officials, and interactions with foreigners living in Alta California. It includes fascinating descriptions of their meetings with the various Native American tribes. For his time, Professor Dale did a masterful job of editing, and through this publication, the record of a true Western hero came to light. The Arthur H. Clark Company published the volume in an edition of  copies, and in , published a revised edition of  copies. Dale’s work, not surprisingly, has been com- plemented and superceded by the work of later scholars including Dale L. Morgan, Maurice S. Sullivan, Carl I. Wheat, George R. Brooks, and David J. Weber. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : George R. Brooks, editor, The Southwest Expedition of Jedediah S. Smith: His Per- sonal Account of the Journey to California, – (Glendale: The Arthur H. Clark Company, ); Harvey L. Carter, “Jedediah Smith,” in The Mountain Men and the Fur Trade of the Far West (Glendale: The Arthur H. Clark Company, ), vol. ,pp.-; Dale L. Morgan, Jedediah Smith and the Opening of the West (Lincoln: Univer- sity of Nebraska Press, ); David J. Weber, The Californios versus Jedediah Smith -:A New Cache of Doc- uments (Spokane: The Arthur H. Clark Company, ).

Item .

 [  ]

[DANA, Richard Henry, Jr. (-)]. Two Years before the Mast: A Personal Narrative of Life at Sea. New York: Harper & Brothers, .  pp. mo, original tan muslin printed in black. Mild to moderate foxing to exte- rior and interior, binding somewhat worn (cloth split at joints, some fraying to binding, a few very small losses to cloth at lower spine, but no loss of spine lettering), overall a very good copy of a fragile book, with contem- porary ink ownership inscription of F. C. Lowell. Preserved in a tan cloth slipcase. Typed letter from Maggs Bros. to Leon Gelber at Gelber Lilienthal dated July , : “Many thanks for your letter of July st. It rather looks as if the DANA has been lost through enemy action, as we lost one or two parcels about the same date.... Evidently our letter to Mr. Dawson has also gone to Davy Jones’ locker....” First edition of author’s first book, first issue (copyright notice—letter “i” in “in” dotted, unbroken running head on p. ), BAL binding  ( titles from Family Library series). Adams, Herd :“The book contains much material on the hide and tallow industry of California, which was the reason for the cattle industry of that state in its early years.... The first state is very difficult to come by.” American Imprints :.BAL . Ben- nett, American Book Collecting, pp. -.Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. .Forbes, Hawaiian National Bibliography . Graff .Grolier American Hundred . Hill, pp. -: “Invaluable for its descriptions of California ranching and social life in Mexican times, including San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Monterey.” Holliday .Howell , California .Howes D. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Johnson, High Spots of American Literature, pp. -.LC,California Centennial . Libros Cal- ifornianos, pp. - (Powell commentary); p.  (Hanna list). Merrill, Aristocrats of the Cow Country, p. .Powell, California Classics, pp. -; Land of Fact :“The classic of coastal California, describing the land in language so clear and precise that it is seen in perfect register. Its creation by a young Bostonian, who never wrote any- thing else to approach it, is one of those miracles that cannot be foretold or accounted for.” Reese, Six Score : “This classic of American literature contains the best account of the early hide trade of California.” Streeter Sale .Walker, A Literary History of Southern California, pp. -:“The most influential report of California life to appear before the American conquest”; San Francisco’s Literary Frontier, pp. -. Zamorano  #. (,-,)

.DANA, Richard Henry, Jr. Two Years before the Mast.... New Edition, with Subsequent Matter by the Author. Boston: Fields, Osgood & Co., . vii []  pp., text engraving. mo, original plum cloth. Binding slightly faded and stained, spine tips lightly frayed, upper hinge cracked, related newspaper clipping affixed to front pastedown, text lightly browned. Contemporary pencil inscription on front flyleaf: “W.E. Sedgwick Jr. From his Governor[?] Sept. , .” Fragment of letter in ink affixed to front blank: “With true affection, Your faithful kinsman, Rich Henry Dana/Wm. Ellery Sedgwick, Esq.” Penciled on title is: “Elly boy, from Pops. Stockbridge. Sept. , .” The Henry H. Clifford copy. First expanded edition, with new preface, added chapter, and numerous corrections. BAL .Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. n. Hill, p. .Howell , California : “Described by Dana as the first ‘author’s edition’ containing an account of his second visit to California twenty-four years after the first, with additional infor- mation on the events described in the original account.” Powell, Land of Fact n: “Dana returned to the coast in  for a view of what he had first seen in the s. A new edition holds his supplemental chapter.” (-)

.DANA, Richard Henry,Jr. Two Years before the Mast.... New York: [Edwin and Robert Grabhorn for] Ran- dom House, .[] xiii []  [, colophon] pp., portrait of Dana,  plates (portraits, views, facsimiles). Large, thick vo, original cream leather over tan linen, spine lettered in brown. Very fine in chipped d.j. Limited edition. Grabhorn (-) #. Introduction by James D. Hart. (-)

.DANA, Richard Henry,Jr. Two Years before the Mast.... With an Introduction by William McFee. New York: Lim- ited Editions Club, .  [, colophon, signed and numbered] pp., colored woodcuts by Hans Mueller.

 Item . Dana’s Two Years before the Mast. “The best American description of Hispanic California’s pastoral society and the flourishing hide and tallow trade that was the bedrock of its rancho economy [and] the first classic of American literature to feature California” (Kurutz).

 Large vo, original white cloth, navy blue gilt leather label, top edges stained blue. Very fine in publisher’s slipcase. Bookplate of Dr. Roger K. Larson on front pastedown. Limited edition. Striking illustrations by German woodcut and engraving master Hans Mueller (-). (-) [e\ J D. H in his American Images of Spanish California rightly praised Richard Henry Dana for creating “the best account of California before the conquest.” Dana certainly produced the best American descrip- tion of Hispanic California’s pastoral society and the flourishing hide and tallow trade that was the bedrock of its rancho economy. Two Years before the Mast is the first best-seller and the first classic of American literature to feature California. Belonging to a distinguished New England family,Dana, while a sophomore at Harvard, came down with measles and headed to sea to restore his health. He shipped on the brig Pilgrim as a common seaman working for the well-known New England merchant firm of Bryant, Sturgis and Company. During his sojourn along the California coast from January  to May , he took careful note of what he saw and recorded it with a singular accuracy and directness. Unlike his fellow sailors and employers, Dana was an enthusiastic tourist, taking long horseback rides through the California countryside, visiting prominent Californio families and enjoying the easy hospitality of their spacious haciendas, and, of course, taking in the picturesque missions. His account of Alfred Robinson’s wedding to Anna María de la Guerra in Santa Barbara is memorable for its encapsulation of California’s Hidalgo culture. This New Englander, however, displayed typical Yankee prejudice against his hosts calling the Californios an “idle thriftless people.” At the same time, he enthusiasti- cally described the potential of California, writing: “In the hands of an enterprising people, what a country this might be!” Although intended to call attention to the cruel conditions endured by the typical sailor, Two Years before the Mast achieved immediate popularity because of its realistic descriptions of life at sea and glowing picture of California. Within a year,a pirated edition appeared in England, and shortly thereafter,Dutch, German, and French translations rolled off the presses. During its first decade over , copies were sold. Noted mar- itime historian John Haskell Kemble in the introduction for the Ward Ritchie Press edition () estimated that there have been at least  U.S. and  English editions ranging from elegant fine press productions to cheap paperbacks distributed to high school literature classes. It is still in print today. The success of Dana’s book inspired fellow Yankee Alfred Robinson to publish his own experiences in his  classic Life in Califor- nia (q.v.) and it influenced other writers such as Gertrude Atherton (q.v.) in their efforts to describe California during the “Days of the Dons.” —Gary F.Kurutz

 Item . Davis’s Sixty Years in California—“If Harris Newmark’s recollection could be acclaimed as the ‘Pepys Diary of Los Angeles,’ Davis’s highly detailed recollection could rightly claim that appellation for the entire state” (Kurutz). [  ]

DAVIS, William Heath (-). Sixty Years in California: A History of Events and Life in California; Personal, Political and Military, under the Mexican Regime; during the Quasi-Military Government of the Territory by the United States, and after the Admission of the State into the Union, Being a Compilation by a Witness of the Events Described. San Francisco: A. J. Leary, Publisher, . xxii,  pp. Thick vo, original purple pebbled cloth, spine gilt-lettered, mar- bled edges. Spine sunned and with a few stains, head of spine with -cm-square chip, foot of spine frayed, corners bumped, hinges broken, front free endpaper absent; title detached, lightly soiled, and short ( cm), clean tear to blank outer margin, text very fine. Preserved in a brown board slipcase. First edition. Adams, Herd :“A scarce book with chapters on the cattle industry of California.” Barrett, Baja California .Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. . Graff. Gudde, California Gold Camps, p. . Hill, pp. -.Howell , California : “One of the most trustworthy sources for the period before .” Howes D. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush a. Libros Californianos, pp. , - (Powell commentary); pp. - (Hanna list). Norris .Rocq . Streeter Sale : “Good copies of the first edition, such as mine, are rather scarce.” Walker, A Literary History of Southern California, p. : “Episodic and discursive, light-hearted and amiable, [Davis] supplements the more effective contemporaneous accounts found in Pattie, Dana, and Robinson.” Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush . Zamorano  #.(-)

.DAVIS, William Heath. Seventy-Five Years in California: Recollections and Remarks by One Who Visited These Shores in , and Again in , and Except When Absent on Business Was a Resident from  until the End of a Long Life in . San Francisco: [Lawton & Alfred Kennedy for] John Howell–Books, . xi []  pp., color frontispiece portrait,  plates ( folding, some in color). Large vo, original gold cloth. Very fine in slightly faded and chipped d.j. Third edition, edited and corrected from Davis’s own copy of the  original edition, with added illus- trations, maps, and reference tools. Howell , California :“The definitive edition of the most readable book on th century California.” Kurutz, The California Gold Rush c. Norris .(-) [e\ W H. D, the noted California pioneer and merchant, wrote the most extensive memoir of Califor- nia for the time period it covers. If Harris Newmark’s recollection (q.v.) could be acclaimed as the “Pepys Diary of Los Angeles,” Davis’s highly detailed recollection could rightly claim that appellation for the entire state. The text is indispensable for its account of pre–Gold Rush Alta California, providing a wealth of detail on its pastoral days. As one of H. H. Bancroft’s assistants stated: “Though not an educated man, he had excellent powers of description and a marvelous memory of little incidents and details of events.” Sixty Years in California is an essential companion to the firsthand accounts of Richard Henry Dana (q.v.) and Alfred Robinson (q.v.). What makes Davis’s narrative so valuable is that he lived through such a compelling time and knew just about everyone of consequence. A native of Hawaii and son of a Boston shipmaster and Polynesian mother, he arrived in California in  working for his uncle Nathan Spear. Like several other Yankees, he adapted well to Californio society, married into the influential Estudillo family, completely sympathized with the upper classes, and delighted in describing their graceful social manners and customs. This was a halcyon time period. He recalled, “The native Californians were about the happiest and most contented people I ever saw, as also were the early foreigners [like himself] who settled among them and intermarried with them, adopted their habits and customs.” Davis’s recollection of fifty-eight years (rounded off to sixty) abounds with delight- ful stories of horse races, rodeos, bear hunts, the thousands of elk living on Mare Island, picnics at Rincon Point, the missions, the great ranchos, encounters with Native Americans, and pre-Marshall gold. As a prosperous merchant and trader, he traveled up and down the coast and describes in depth the hide and tallow trade, the doings of the various supercargoes, and the Californio economy.He assisted newcomers,

 for instance guiding Captain Sutter to Sacramento in . Like others, the merchant foresaw the eventual American takeover and narrates the conquest through his own involvement. As a merchant, he did well by the Gold Rush, selling anxious Argonauts badly needed supplies at high prices. In June ,Davis claimed that he purchased the first gold brought into San Francisco from the mines. During this chaotic time, he spec- ulated in various schemes including the founding of “New Town” San Diego and the town of San Leandro where he managed the Estudillo family estate. The great San Francisco fire of  and business miscalcula- tions cost him much of his fortune. Reflecting his acquaintance with men of prominence, he filled his book with profiles of such notables as William Richardson, Jacob Leese, Mariano Vallejo, W. D. M. Howard, and Sam Brannan. Sixty Years in California does suffer somewhat from the author’s efforts to cram in every possible detail. It fol- lows no real chronological or topical order but consists of a conglomeration of incidents, anecdotes, profiles,

Item A.William Heath Davis (-).

 and lists. The reader must be prepared to navigate through this rich yet disjointed mass of text without an index. However, such lack of structure in a lengthy memoir was not uncommon for that era. Fortunately, the author did provide a detailed table of contents which he thankfully repeated at the beginning of each chapter. Davis’s book, as documented by his biographer Andrew Rolle, first evolved out of a series of articles about the early days that he contributed to the San Francisco newspapers of the late s. In addition, Bancroft, in his efforts to record as much pioneer history as possible, paid Davis to dictate his “historical testimony” to one of his assistants. It consisted of over  pages and was entitled Glimpses of the Past. The great historian, com- menting on this recollection, praised Davis not only for his excellent memory and personal history but also for his knowledge of “commercial methods, and social manners and customs of native and foreign pioneers.” Bancroft gently criticized him for a failing typical of reminiscences: the tendency to “eulogize everybody” and suppress unfriendly comments. When Bancroft’s primary author, Henry L. Oak, denied Davis permis- sion to publish parts of his dictation in The Century Magazine, Davis decided to produce his own book-length manuscript. He easily found an eager publisher in A. J. Leary of San Francisco, and when the book was pub- lished, it received the kudos of the local press. Shortly after its publication in May ,a little pamphlet designed to promote sales was published, entitled Reviews of “Sixty Years in California.” It consisted of favorable reviews from San Francisco and Alameda County newspapers. Encouraged by the positive reception to his book, Davis planned to publish an expanded and revised sec- ond edition. Despite his best efforts to publish what he called a literary “monster,” he died with his dream unrealized. Fortunately, under the skillful editing of Douglas S. Watson, John Howell–Books in  pub- lished an enlarged edition which took the narrative up to the pioneer’s death. Called Seventy-Five Years in Cali- fornia, the library edition sold for . and the deluxe editions for . and up. The extra-illustrated copies included a fascinating array of original letters, bill-heads, and leaves from books. In ,John How- ell–Books published a new edition of , copies with further embellishments, edited by Harold A. Small, who also presented a fine history of the earlier editions. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Biographical Files, California State Library; Andrew Rolle, An American in California: The Biography of William Heath Davis, - (San Marino: Huntington Library, ); “Two Pioneer Records,” [book review] in Overland Monthly, New Series, vol.  (July ), pp. -.

 Item . Davis’s History of Political Conventions in California. “Despite the chafing dryness of the text, the volume covers the important political issues of the formative period of state and local government and documents the evolution of a myriad of political parties” (Kurutz). [  ]

DAVIS, Winfield J. (-). History of Political Conventions in California, -. Sacramento: Publica- tions of the California State Library No. , .[]  pp., tipped-in errata slip at p. []. vo, original brown cloth, spine gilt-lettered. Slight outer wear and front free endpaper with light offsetting from the bookplate of Monsignor Joseph M. Gleason, but generally fine. California State Library duplicate, with their ink-stamped and penciled call number on title verso, and their ink compliments stamp on lower free endpaper. See Talbot, Historic California in Book Plates, p. ,where Monsignor Gleason’s bookplate is illustrated. First edition. Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. . Graff. Holliday .Howell , California .Howes D. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Rocq . Streeter Sale . Zamorano  # (Leslie E. Bliss): “It is the authority for its period and might well be brought down to date.” (-) [e\ W   February , newspapers around California hailed Davis’s book as the “best work of political reference ever published in the state.” Another declared it the first of its kind published anywhere in America. Based on painstaking research, this encyclopedia of state politics starts with the first political mass meeting in California, the Democratic Convention held in San Francisco on October , , and con- cludes with the state convention of July , . Rather than employing a narrative style, Davis chose instead to lay out the bare facts as if he was a record- ing secretary or court reporter at each meeting. Little emotion or editorializing crept into his text, and he lib- erally reproduced accounts from the major newspapers. It is loaded with “whereas” and “therefore be it resolved” statements. He included names of participants, platforms, texts of resolutions, and election results. Despite the chafing dryness of the text, the volume covers the important political issues of the formative period of state and local government and documents the evolution of a myriad of political parties including Democratic, Republican, Whig, Workingman, Free Soil, and Prohibition. The text provides valuable infor- mation on Californian reactions to such hot-button national issues as slavery, the Civil War, Reconstruction, the anti-Chinese movement, immigration law, suffrage, and Prohibition. To this documentation on political meetings, Davis added biographical sketches of the American period governors from Peter H. Burnett to Henry Harrison Markham and a register of state officers. The register listed elected officials, judges, state printers, railroad commissioners, and wardens with their dates of office. Ever conscientious, Davis compiled a detailed index ensuring as one newspaper put it that “any name or any fact can be at once found.” The California State Library sold the volume in two binding states: full leather at . a copy,and cloth at .. According to the papers, the Library published only a limited number, just enough to recover its costs. The title page indicates that it was Publication Number  of the Library. Apparently the Library’s trustees planned a series on California and Pacific Coast history with this compendium leading the way. The Davis book, however, was the first and last. Davis brought impressive credentials to this study.No one could match his knowledge of the political land- scape. For many years he served as the official court reporter of the Sixth District Court; he won election as an assemblyman from Sacramento, played a central role in state Republican Party politics, and for a period of time worked as Yuba County Statistician. In addition, Davis was the historian of the Sacramento Society of California Pioneers, an energetic collector of Californiana, and a compiler of raw data on historical top- ics. Over a thirty-year span, he created an incredible historical index of thousands of references derived from newspaper articles and other documents which he used for his many publications. A writer of some talent, he founded the Sacramento Valley Agriculturalist, and edited Themis, a Sacramento literary magazine, and the Marysville Appeal and Democrat. —Gary F.Kurutz

 Item . Delano’s Old Block’s Sketch-Book illustrated by Charles Nahl. “Both author and illustrator are characteristically Californian, and few volumes have a truer flavor of the Mother Lode” (Bliss). [  ]

[DELANO, Alonzo (?-)]. Old Block’s Sketch-Book; or, Tales of California Life. Illustrated with Numerous Ele- gant Designs, by Nahl, the Cruikshank of California. Sacramento: James Anthony & Co., .[] iii []  [, con- clusion, verso blank] [, ad for Union Printing, verso blank] pp., printed in double column,  wood-engraved plates (included in pagination) engraved by Thomas Armstrong after original artwork by Charles Nahl. vo, original light tan pictorial wrapper, sewn. Lower wrapper and paper spine absent. Upper wrapper creased, stained, old tear ( cm) with tape repair on verso (no loss of image), moderate edge wear along wrapper, inte- rior fine except for occasional mild foxing. With the gentle attention of a skilled conservator,the wrapper with the comical Nahl illustration could be vastly improved. Very rare, especially in the wrappers. The Jennie Crocker Henderson copy, sold from John Howell–Books Catalogue . First edition. Braislin .Cowan I, p. :“The...woodcut illustrations are in the best and most vigorous of that style so thoroughly characteristic of this famous pioneer artist. They form a most happy accompaniment for the word sketches of Delano, who was the first California humorist to record the burlesque side of the many strange scenes he saw presented during the flush times.” Cowan II, p. . Graff .Greenwood . Hamilton, Early American Book Illustrators and Wood Engravers  & vol. ,pp.-:“Armstrong, an English- born engraver, was the guiding spirit of the Illustrated News, the first illustrated paper of the Pacific Coast.” Holliday .Howell , California .Howes D. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush a. Norris . Streeter Sale . Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier, pp. -. Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush n. Zamorano  # (Leslie E. Bliss): “The illustrator collaborated with ‘Old Block’ in other volumes but this particular selection is perhaps the happiest of their association.” (,-,)

. [DELANO, Alonzo]. Pen-Knife Sketches; or, Chips of the Old Block. A Series of Illustrated Letters, Written by One of California’s Pioneer Miners, and Dedicated to That Class of Her Citizens by the Author. Sacramento: Union Office, .  pp.,  wood-engraved plates (included in pagination) by Charles Nahl, text vignettes. vo, modern half dark red morocco over simulated marbled boards. Title page and last leaf foxed, otherwise a fine copy. From John Howell–Books, with their typewritten description laid in. First edition of another classic of California humor. Braislin :“A very rare early work illustrating the life of a California Miner.”Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. .Greenwood . Hamilton, Early American Book Illus- trators and Wood Engravers :“These sketches had appeared in various public journals but are here first col- lected in book form.... [The]  full-page illustrations and  vignettes by Nahl [are] spirited sketches depict- ing the life of California in the gold rush era.” Howell , California .Howes D.Kurutz, The California Gold Rush a. Rocq .This title is not in the Zamorano  bibliography, but it makes a great companion piece to Old Block’s Sketch-Book; or, Tales of California Life (see preceding). Of the two titles, Pen-Knife Sketches is more rare. (,-,)

. DELANO, Alonzo. Pen-Knife Sketches; or, Chips of the Old Block.... San Francisco: Grabhorn Press, . xxi []  [] pp., colored chapter heading illustrations and a few full-page illustrations after Nahl’s original plates. Large thin vo, original tan cloth over teal boards, printed paper spine label, illustrated paper label on upper cover (after illustration by Nahl). Very fine. Limited edition ( copies). Grabhorn (-) #. Holliday .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush c. (-) [e\ A D,affectionately known as “Old Block,” possessed that wonderful ability to record what he saw with pathos, laughter, irony, and realism. Delano was the miner’s spokesman, their champion. Conse- quently, everyone loved this long-nosed wit. His biographer, G. Ezra Dane, wrote that Delano “was the first truly Californian man of letters, and no one has described or interpreted the human elements of the Gold

 Rush so sympathetically as he.” Dane characterized his literary style as “a bit rustic, but flowing, chuckling and lucid as a Sierra stream.” This word painter of California life, along with George Horatio Derby (a.k.a. John Phoenix), established a unique brand of Western humor based on the strange and wonderful scenes they saw. A native of Auburn, New York, Delano resided in Ottawa, Illinois, at the time of the gold discovery.He left for the diggings on April , , and entered California via the Lassen Trail. He then made it to the Feather River on September  with  in his pocket. In , the New York firm of Miller, Orton & Mulligan pub- lished his journal, Life on the Plains and among the Diggings, providing what has become one of the great classics of the Overland Trail. In California, Delano engaged in a variety of pursuits including mining, selling squash and cabbage at San Francisco’s Long Wharf, and becoming the agent for Wells Fargo in Grass Valley and then a private banker. Observing with a keen eye the lives and conditions of those struggling to survive in this tumultuous environment, Delano emerged as a prolific writer, sending in scores of sketches to local periodi- cals including the California Daily Courier, Pacific News, Sacramento Union, Hutchings’ California Magazine, Golden Era, and Hesperian. Many of his best efforts were reproduced in Pen-Knife Sketches, a publication that sold six- teen thousand copies before going into a second printing. Delano followed this up with a delightful satire, The Miner’s Progress; or, Scenes in the Life of a Miner. The Sacramento Daily Union published both titles in . Old Block’s Sketch-Book serves as a worthy companion to the popular Pen-Knife Sketches. Also published at the office of the Sacramento Union, this latest effort, as related in his introduction, consisted of a look back over the past six years. He loved his miners and wrote with deep feeling about the lives they endured. Perhaps longing for their companionship, a pensive Delano wrote, “I thought of my old comrades who shared my exposures; I thought of the miner in his cabin, or as he toiled on from day to day; and I thought, too, of his heroic courage in battling on and maintaining his good nature under crushing discourage- ments; and I felt proud that I had shared his toil and feelings alike.” In these sketches he recalled his miner’s

Item . “Delano had the good fortune of having Charles Christian Nahl, ‘the Cruikshank of California’ and arguably the finest artist of the Gold Rush, provide the illustrations for...Old Block’s Sketch-Book ”(Kurutz).

 cabin, his amigos like “Old Swamp” and Bogue, Sunday in the mines, his first day in Sacramento, the burning of Grass Valley, and a mountain storm. Waxing nostalgic, Delano concluded with the following celebration of his new home: “There is probably no country in the world whose early settlement abounds in more thrilling incident, more daring adventures, or more hardy and chivalrous deeds, than that of our beloved California.” Delano had the good fortune of having Charles Christian Nahl, “the Cruikshank of California” and arguably the finest artist of the Gold Rush, provide the illustrations for his publication. In Old Block’s Sketch- Book, the fifteen full-page Thomas Armstrong engravings of Nahl’s sketches superbly support Delano’s text. In particular, the action-packed illustrated wrapper cover and the last engraving of Old Block holding onto a cat’s tail for dear life present amusing portraits of this California comic. In addition, the views of Old Block’s cabin, a fight in the diggings, and emigrants crossing the plains are memorable, true-to-life images. Leslie E. Bliss in Zamorano  correctly states: “Both author and illustrator are characteristically Californian, and few volumes have a truer flavor of the Mother Lode than this result of their combined efforts.” Thomas E. Williams’s Fine Arts Press of Santa Ana reprinted the book in  in an edition of , copies. It included a foreword by Marguerite Eyer Wilbur. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :G.Ezra Dane, Foreword to Alonzo Delano’s Pen-Knife Sketches (San Francisco: The Grabhorn Press, ); Irving McKee, introduction to Alonzo Delano’s California Correspondence (Sacra- mento: Sacramento Book Collectors Club, ).

 Item . Duflot de Mofras’s Exploration du territoire de l’Orégon, des Californies—“An admirable supplement to Humboldt’s account [and] the only early illustrated work on the Pacific coast comparable in beauty to the Choris or Litké” (Howes), with the splendid map which Wheat decribes as a “landmark.” [  ]

DUFLOT DE MOFRAS, Eugène (-ca. ). Exploration du territoire de l’Orégon, des Californies et de la mer Ver meille, exécutée pendant les années ,  et .... Paris: Arthus Bertrand, Libraire de la Société de Géo- graphie, .Text: xii []  + []  pp.,  engraved plates. Atlas ( leaves on thick paper):  leaves (title and prelims);  leaves ( engraved maps);  leaves ( lithographic plates); large folding lithographic map with original hand-colored outlining, on thin paper: Carte de la côte de l’Amérique sur l’océan Pacifique septentrional comprenant le Territoire de l’Orégon, les Californies, la Mer Vermeille, partie des Territoires de la Compagnie de la Baie d’Hud- son, et de l’Amérique Russe. Dressée par M r. Duflot de Mofras...Publié par ordre du Roi...Paris . Le plan gravé par Jacobs, L’écriture gravée par Hacq... ( x . cm; ¾ x ⅝ inches).  vols.:  vols., vo (text) + folio (atlas). T:  vols., vo, contemporary half green French morocco over green and black marbled boards, spines gilt-lettered, gilt-ruled, and with raised bands. A:Tall folio, contemporary half smooth brown calf over purple marbled boards, spine gilt-lettered, ruled, and ornamented. Moderate wear to bindings (particularly fragile corners; head of atlas spine lacking approximately  cm at top; some joints cracked but strong), mod- erate foxing to tissue guards in atlas, images fine and crisp with only occasional light foxing, occasional mild intermittent foxing to text, and one short tear to folding map neatly repaired on verso (overall the map is fine, with bright outline coloring). A fine to very fine and complete copy of this superb set, the plates and maps excellent. First edition of “one of the great books of the West Coast” (Graff ). Barrett, Baja California . Califor- nia :Forty-Nine Maps of California from the Sixteenth Century to the Present (Carol Urness) n (citing Kislakovskii’s chart of a portion of the coastline of Northwestern America): “A copy of this map with additions was given to the French traveler Eugène Duflot de Mofras when he visited Fort Ross in .This map was published in the atlas to Duflot de Mofras’s Exploration du Territoire de l’Oregon des Californies, Paris, .” Cowan I, p. : “The atlas [is] superior to any other issued within that decade [and] this work was presumed to be a continu- ation of Humboldt’s description of the same region.” Cowan II, p. .Forbes, Hawaiian National Bibliography :“A rare and important work on California and Oregon.” Harlow, Maps of San Francisco Bay n, , ; Maps of the Pueblo Lands of San Diego . Hill, p. :“Very rare.” Holliday .Howell, Anniversary Catalogue . Howell , California .Howes D: “Issued under French government auspices, it forms an admirable supplement to Humboldt’s account of the same region and is the only early illustrated work on the Pacific coast comparable in beauty to the Voyage pittoresque of Choris or to Litké’s account of the Russian survey of the northwest coast.” Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Lada-Mocarski : “One of the most important works on the northwestern coast, including Alaska.” LC, California Centennial . Libros Californianos (Wagner list), p. . Phillips, Atlases . Smith . Streeter Sale .Van Nostrand & Coulter, California Pictorial, pp. - (reproducing “View of the Mission of San Luis Rey”). Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier, p. . Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West  & II, pp. - (illustrated opposite p.  in vol. II): “De Mofras’ map was a landmark”; Maps of the California Gold Region  & pp. xviii: “De Mofras, noted French diplomat-traveler, wrote at length in  of his visit to Alta California, and his large map proved of great value to European publishers.” Zamorano  # (Robert J. Woods): “The author of this work was an attaché to the French embassy in Mexico City. He arrived in Monterey in May, ,remaining about five months.... He aimed to give a complete description of the country, its past history and present condition. He met Lieutenant Wilkes and Sir George Simpson. Each seemed to feel out the oth- ers as to the future policy of their countries towards California.” The outstanding plates and maps in this wonderful set are but one of its many appealing features. Included are plates of Monterey, California missionary Father Duran, Californian throwing the lasso (taken from Smyth’s oft-repeated rendering as found in Beechey, Forbes, Dwinelle, and elsewhere), and the large, magni- ficent “Vue de la Mission de Saint Louis Roi de France dans la Nouvelle Californie” (near the present town of Oceanside, California). Charts and maps of California interest include the ports of San Diego, San Pedro, Santa Barbara, Monterey, Trinity, San Francisco, and Fort Ross. The elegantly rendered and engraved over- size map, one of the great and rare western maps, extends along the west coast from Mount St. Elias to

 Acapulco and east as far as Hudson Bay, Fort Leavenworth, and Austin, Texas. Wheat (Mapping the Transmis- sissippi West  & II, pp. -) comments on this map: “A landmark...because it made these western regions known in European official circles.... De Mofras was much interested in travel routes. East of Santa Fe he noted the ‘Route des Chariots des Etats-Unis,’ and (for the first time on any published map?) he showed what later came to be called ‘The Old Spanish Trail’.... De Mofras really should have been a California ‘realtor.’ For example, in the...interior valley of California he says: ‘Cette immense Valleé comprise entre la Sierra Nevada et les Mts. Californiens [the Coast Range], est arrosée de petites rivières et remplie de lagunes d’eau douce très poissonneuses. Ce pays est plus beau encore que la partie habitée de la Californie, son climat est plus doux, il presente des terrains fertiles, des bois de construction superbes et de vastes prairies ou paissent de troupeaux de Certs, d’Antilopes, de Taureaux et de Chevaux sauvages.’ [De Mofras] was a sturdy soul, and his highly original map has much to commend it.” Wheat comments in Maps of the California Gold Region : “[De Mofras’s] beautifully engraved map was much used by European cartographers as the basis for early gold-rush period maps of California and neighboring territory.” Harlow includes two of Duflot de Mofras’s maps of San Francisco Bay.Plate  (Port de San Francisco dans la Haute Californie, . x . cm; ⅞ x ⅞ inches) “is a transcription in French of the  edition of Beechey’s (q.v.) San Francisco Harbour -, revised to include information obtained by Duflot de Mofras during his visit in .... At the time of the California gold rush the Duflot de Mofras and Beechey charts of the bay were eagerly seized by publishers ready to pirate any material pertaining to this popular area” (Harlow ). At the bottom of plate  is the inset map of the port of San Francisco (Entrée du Port de San Francisco et des mouil- lages del Sausalito et de la Yerba Buena,  x . cm; ¼ x ⅞ inches), which Harlow describes as “a revision, in French, of Beechey’s Entrance of San Francisco Harbour -, taken from the printed edition of .Duflot de Mofras’ additions to Beechey’s survey were the location of William A. Richardson’s house at Sausalito, the extension of the road from the San Francisco presidio to Fort Point, and a representation of the settlement of Yerba Buena, showing the location of buildings” (Harlow ). Harlow () discusses Duflot de Mofras’s man- uscript map and its adaptation from Beechey: “In his text he fully acknowledged his debt to Beechey for the Plan of San Francisco Bay, presumably the Hydrographical Office edition of , and Beechey’s work is probably as well known in this modified French edition as in the original English.” Harlow (Maps of the Pueblo Lands of San Diego ) discusses the San Diego map (Plan du port de S. Diego, situé sur la côte septentrionale de la Cali- fornie, . x . cm; ⅞ x ⅞ inches), noting that it was “modeled upon the Pantoja plan issued by Espinosa y Tello in  [Harlow ], with the text translated into French, brazas into meters, and some alterations to reflect contemporary observations.... [Duflot de Mofras] appears to have been the first to show the hide houses at la playa.” On the same sheet as the San Diego map, at left is Plan de l’embouchure du Rio Colorado, dans la Mer Vermeille. ( vols.) (,-,)

. DUFLOT DE MOFRAS, Eugène. Duflot de Mofras’ Travels on the Pacific Coast.... Translated, Edited, and Anno- tated by Marguerite Eyer Wilbur. Foreword by Dr. Frederick Webb Hodge. Santa Ana: Fine Arts Press, . xliv,  + x []  [, colophon] pp.,  plates,  maps ( large, folding).  vols., vo, original brown leather over tan boards, gilt-lettered spines. Light shelf wear, otherwise very fine. First edition in English. Barrett, Baja California . Hill, p. :“The scholarly notes add greatly to its useful- ness. A handsome edition printed by a modern fine press.” Howell , California .( vols.) (-) [e\ F   of warfare that devastated agriculture, stock raising, mining, and commerce, Mexico achieved independence from Spain in .Three centuries of assured mercantilism with Spain were abruptly halted, and, with no merchant marine, Mexico was obliged to seek new trading partners. Foreign trade was critically important, for it was the sole source of external revenue through customs duties which were employed as guarantees for bonds financed in London to support the republican government estab- lished in . Service on these bonds was, however, impossible, and refunding was the norm, with some pay-

 ments on accrued interest. With London financiers as principal creditors, Mexico granted numerous trade and mining concessions to British interests. Constantly confronted with internal unrest, revolt, and, finally,the Texian rebellion, by  Mexico was financially destitute. In , these economic problems were exacer- bated by increasing claims of foreign nationals for damages during civil unrest, culminating in the “Pastry War” (so-called because of claims of a French baker for unpaid consumption of his wares by Mexican soldiers) with French blockade, bombardment, and invasion of Veracruz between March and December. Although successful in repelling invasion, Mexico agreed to pay French claims, thus increasing the national deficit. Fur- thermore, rumors of cession of California to Britain in payment of the London debt were rampant. This was the situation when, in , Eugène Duflot de Mofras, French attaché in Madrid, was assigned to the reopened legation in Mexico City,with instructions to visit the northwestern provinces of Mexico, report on the value of commerce, observe U. S., British, and Russian interests, and determine feasibility of French posts in the region. Following visits to Jalisco, Colima, Sinaloa, and Sonora in ,Duflot de Mofras sailed in April , aboard Ninfa, from Mazatlán, via San Pedro, arriving at Monterey on May . On June  he met with commandant Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo in Sonoma, continued to Fort Ross, and returned to Mon- terey in July. On September  he sailed up the Sacramento River with A.G. Rotchev, manager of Fort Ross, to New Helvetia, where he met with John Augustus Sutter, with whom Rotchev was to initiate negotiations for sale of the Russian fort. Duflot de Mofras subsequently visited San José, Santa Cruz, and San Francisco, sailing from that port on October  aboard Cowlitz to the Hudson Bay Company’s Fort Vancouver, meeting the U.S. Exploring Expedition commanded by Charles Wilkes en route. He returned to San Francisco with Hudson Bay Company director Sir George Simpson and factor John McLoughlin and U.S. agent Horatio Hale on December  aboard Bolívar, and continued to Monterey. On January  , aboard Maryland, Duflot de Mofras sailed via Santa Bárbara to San Diego where he remained from January  to January , prior to continuing to Mazatlán, and thence to Mexico City. Duflot de Mofras visited Alta California at a critical junction in its history, and provided important infor- mation on its economic life, demography, foreign involvement, and geography. Of particular value are descriptions of the Russian posts at Ross and Bodega just prior to sale; his clear suggestion of Sutter’s will- ingness to serve France, given prior service in Europe; and reports on the reputed plot of Isaac Graham and other Anglo-Americans to overthrow Mexican government in California. His conclusions on the California economy are favorable, with estimates of exports far exceeding imports; however, he found San Diego and San Luis Rey to be poor areas. His visit coincided with the presence of the French warship Danaïde in Mon- terey to protect French citizens, the very extensive exploration of California by Charles Wilkes, and, shortly after his return to Mexico, the invasion of Monterey by Commodore Thomas ap Catesby Jones, USN in October . The work of Duflot de Mofras, rather than an account of observations, is a history of Alta California, based upon extensive consultation of sources published by prior voyagers and visitors, and an analysis of its current state, one of the last prior to U.S. invasion. The maps accompanying the text are of great importance historically and demonstrate features, particularly to the interior, not found on other cartography of the period. Interestingly,Duflot de Mofras corresponded with Hubert Howe Bancroft (q.v.) in .A well-anno- tated English-language translation appeared in a fine press edition in Santa Ana, California in . —W.Michael Mathes

 Item . Duhaut-Cilly’s Voyage autour du monde. “The first foreign account of Spanish California, by a literate and observant French trader who visited most of the missions, presidios, and pueblos of Upper California, and wrote the best contemporary account of the region” (Streeter). [  ]

DUHAUT-CILLY,A[uguste Bernard] (-). Voyage autour du monde, principalement à la Californie et aux Iles Sandwich, pendant les années , , , et . Paris: Arthus Bertrand, -.[]  [,blank] [, errata, verso blank]; []  [,errata, verso blank] pp.,  lithographic views after the author-artist’s original artwork, printed on India paper and mounted (as issued),  folding table.  vols. in one, thick vo, contempo- rary smooth tan calf over marbled boards, gilt-lettered red and black spine labels, spine with raised bands. Corners bumped (with a bit of board showing), upper joint cracked, intermittent mild foxing to interior, gen- erally a very fine to fine copy of a genuinely rare book. Preserved in chemise and red morocco and red cloth slipcase. From John Howell–Books with Warren Howell’s pencil notation of cost code on slipcase and typed description by Richard Reed laid in. First edition of “the first foreign account of Spanish California, by a literate and observant French trader who visited most of the missions, presidios, and pueblos of Upper California, and wrote the best contempo- rary account of the region” (Streeter Sale ). Cowan I, pp. , :“The French edition, which is superior, was published in - at Paris.” Cowan II, p. .Forbes, Hawaiian National Bibliography :“There is some disagreement among cataloguers as to the correct form of the author’s surname. Originally the family name appeared as Bernard du Haut-Cilly, but as August Fruge and Neal Harlow state, ‘at some time the old patronyme of Bernard...seems to have been de-emphasized and the noble particle incorporated with the rest of the name, which thus became Duhaut-Cilly.’ Certainly the captain himself chose that form to appear on the title page of his work.” Hill, pp. -:“The ship Héros also visited Valparaiso, the Galápagos Islands, Hawaii, Macao, and Java.” Howell , California .Howes D. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibi- tion of Famous and Notorious California Classics .LC,California Centennial , . Libros Californianos (Wagner list), p.  & p.  (cited as one of the more valuable works on California by Bancroft’s chief assistant, Henry L. Oak). Streeter Sale .Van Nostrand & Coulter, California Pictorial, pp. - (illustrating plate of Fort Ross): “Contains a detailed description of the fort, and a sketch—the best of the early illustrations.” Zamorano  # (Phil Townsend Hanna): “Duhaut-Cilly, a French trader...traversed the coast of California, visiting virtually all the missions, presidios, and pueblos, and many of the ranchos.... Duhaut-Cilly recorded his Cal- ifornia observations interestingly, accurately and intelligently.” The superb lithographs (Vue de Monterey, dans la haute Californie, pris de la rade; Vue de la mission de san-Luis-Rey en Californie; Vue de l’etablissement russe de la Bodega, à la Côte de la Nouvelle Albion en ; and Vue du port de la vallée d’Anaroura dans l’île de Waho [sic]) were executed in an unusual form of lithography.They were printed on very thin, high-quality India proof paper, which results in an exquisite image—sharper and with more depth than on ordinary paper. Because the technique is extremely time-consuming, expensive, and challenging, litho- graphs were seldom printed in this fashion. Charles Joseph Hullmandel (-), pioneer in lithography, initiated the use of India proof plates in lithography. William Blake and George Cruikshank used the tech- nique to good effect. Americana collectors and specialists will recall the beautiful quality of the India proof editions of Muir’s Picturesque California (-), Captain Lyon’s Sketch Book (), and Lenoir’s Antiquitiés Mexicaines (-). (,-,)

. DUHAUT-CILLY,Auguste [Bernard]. Viaggio intorno al globo principalmente alla California ed alle isole Sand- wich negli anni , ,  e ...con l’aggiunta delle osservazioni sugli abitanti di quei paesi di Paolo Emilio Botta Traduzione dal francese nell’italiano di Carlo Botta. Turin: Stabilimento Tipografico Fontana, . xvi,  +  [,errata] pp.,  engraved plates.  vols., vo, original printed wrappers with typographic ornamental border. Wrappers slightly soiled, otherwise very fine. First edition in Italian, with Paolo Emilio Botta’s observations that did not appear in the original edition. Cowan I, p. : “Of the contemporary accounts of California this is the most extensive.” Cowan II, p. . Forbes, Hawaiian National Bibliography :“This is an important edition of the Duhaut-Cilly narrative.... It includes for the first time, in book form, an essay by Dr. Paolo Emilio Botta, ‘Osservazioni sugli abitanti dell isole Sandwich e della California’ (Observations on the inhabitants of the Sandwich Islands and California).

 His Hawaiian observations are on pages -,followed by an Italian-Hawaiian vocabulary (pp. - ), and a list of Hawaiian numerals on page . Botta’s observations on California (also new to this edi- tion) are on pages -.Dr. Botta’s essay was first published in Annales des Voyages,(Paris, ).” Hill, p. . Howell , California . Norris :“The Italian edition has two extra plates...Monterey and...Bodega Bay.” ( vols.) (-,)

. DUHAUT-CILLY, A[uguste Bernard]. Voyage autour du monde, principalement à la Californie et aux Iles Sand- wich, pendant les années , , , et  [caption title: Duhaut-Cilly’s Account of California in the Years -  Translated from the French by Charles Franklin Carter]. San Francisco: California Historical Society Quarterly, .[, facsimile of original title page] - pp. (complete). Large vo, modern half crimson morocco over red cloth, spine gilt-lettered and with raised bands. Joints slightly rubbed, else fine. With John How- ell–Books cost code penciled by Warren R. Howell at back. First edition in English, offprint containing selections from the California portion of the circumnavigation. (-)

. DUHAUT-CILLY,Auguste [Bernard]. A Voyage to California, the Sandwich Islands, and around the World in the Years -.Translated and Edited by August Frugé and Neal Harlow. San Francisco: [Patrick Reagh for] The Book Club of California, . xxix []  [] pp., frontispiece portrait tipped in, text illustrations (some full- page; views, portraits, facsimiles, maps). to, original red cloth over patterned boards, printed paper spine label. New as issued. Prospectus laid in. Limited edition ( copies), containing an English translation of the California and Sandwich Islands por- tions of the voyage, handsomely designed and printed by master printer Patrick Reagh. (-) [e\ A   of Spanish colonialism, Mexican independence in  opened the country to friendly foreign visitors. Devastated after a decade of warfare, Mexico desperately needed to establish foreign trade to raise income for the new nation. The creation of the Mexican Republic in  led to the negotiation in London of high-interest bonds to be paid from customs revenue to finance the new government, and extensive trade and mining concessions were granted to English entrepreneurs. Not to be outdone, France entered the Mexican commercial sphere in principal cities such as Veracruz,Puebla, and Mexico City,as well as through coastal maritime trading. Contemporary with the English voyages of Lieutenant R. W. H. Hardy to the Gulf of California and Commander Frederick William Beechey to the Pacific Northwest, Auguste Bernard Duhaut-Cilly, com- manding the Héros, with Dr. Paolo Emilio Botta, archaeologist and observer, as ship’s physician, departed Le Havre in April  on a trading voyage to the Pacific Coast of Mexico. Following a stop at Río de Janeiro, Héros rounded Cape Horn and reached Valparaiso in August. Proceeding northward, Duhaut-Cilly visited the Galápagos, arrived at Cabo San Lucas in October, and, after a month’s sojourn visiting the interior, con- tinued his voyage to Mazatlán where he remained for over three weeks. Sailing for San Francisco, via Cabo San Lucas, Héros reached the great bay on January , . Well-received by presidio commandant Ignacio Martínez, Duhaut-Cilly, Botta, and the crew initiated a visit in the area before sailing for Monterey on February .Welcomed in the capital by commandant Miguel González, Duhaut-Cilly visited San Carlos Borromeo and the surrounding countryside, continuing to Santa Bárbara on March ,reaching the mission and presidio three days later where he was received by José María Echeandía. On April , Héros sailed for San Pedro and San Diego and, after three weeks, continued to Cabo San Lucas and Mazatlán. After active commerce, a return to the north was commenced on May  via Cabo San Lucas to San Diego, with Duhaut-Cilly anchoring on April . After a visit to San Luis Rey, he left again for San Francisco, arriving on July .Overland trips to Santa Clara, San Rafael, and San Francisco Solano de Sonoma were carried out in the latter part of the month and into August, and on the th of that month, Héros again sailed for San Pedro via Santa Bárbara.

 On September , Duhaut-Cilly reached the port for Los Angeles and proceeded to visit the pueblo, mis- sion San Gabriel, and surrounding ranches. On October  he again raised anchor, to sail to Peru, where he remained until February , ,when, yet again, he sailed northward for California, anchoring in Mon- terey on May . Until August , Duhaut-Cilly visited Fort Ross and northern California before departing for Oahu, where he anchored on September  and remained for two months. The return voyage was com- menced on November  and, after visits to Macau and Java, Héros anchored in Le Havre on July , . Unlike previous foreign voyages to the California coast, Duhaut-Cilly not only made several visits to each major port, but also made lengthy visits to the areas south of Monterey. His descriptions of the Real de San Antonio and San José del Cabo in Baja California, and of San Diego, San Luis Rey, Los Angeles, San Gabriel, Santa Bárbara, San José, Santa Clara, and other interior missions are unique. Duhaut-Cilly’s visit to Fort Ross was one of very few made by non-Russians after its founding in , and the lithograph of the fort is among the earliest views of the establishment and was done in its prime. Duhaut-Cilly was an early observer of the process of mission secularization, which he strongly favored, his Catholicism notwithstand- ing, and he witnessed the sad and disturbing expulsion of Spanish Franciscan friars from the Californias in . Duhaut-Cilly’s account is relatively little-known, but given the extraordinary amount of time the author spent in the region, it may well be the most extensive description of Alta California as of its date of publica- tion. Subsequent Italian editions appeared in Turin in  and Naples in , and included an appendix of Botta’s observations and his Hawaiian vocabulary not published in the French edition. Selectively abridged English translations have appeared in the California Historical Society Quarterly  () and in a fine-press edi- tion in San Francisco, , with the latter reissued in a general printing in Berkeley, . —W.Michael Mathes

Item . Superb lithograph of Mission San Luis Rey after original art work by Duhuat-Cilly, executed in an unusual form of lithography—printed on very thin, high-quality India proof paper, resulting in an exquisite image—sharper and with more depth than ordinary paper.

 Item . Dwinelle’s Colonial History of the City of San Francisco. “An indispensable storehouse of information on the beginnings of San Francisco” (Howell).

 [  ]

DWINELLE, John W[hipple] (-). The Colonial History of the City of San Francisco: Being a Synthetic Argu- ment in the District Court of the United States for the Northern District of California, for Four Square Leagues of Land Claimed by That City. San Francisco: Towne & Bacon, Book and Job Printers, .[]  [,blank]  (addenda) pp., engraved frontispiece map (included in pagination): San Francisco Peninsula ( x . cm; ¼ x ¾ inches). vo, modern half tan morocco over marbled boards. Text slightly age-toned and with occasional light foxing and a few minor stains (mainly affecting map), overall very good. From the Jenkins Company,rebound by their in- house Adolphus Bindery. Jenkins’s pencil price code and price at front. First edition. Cowan I, p. : “Issued as a brief.” Cowan II, p. . Holliday .Howell , California : “An indispensable storehouse of information on the beginnings of San Francisco.” Howes D: “Basic book for the beginnings of this city, with documents not available elsewhere.” Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Norris .Rocq . Streeter Sale . Zamorano  #. (-,)

.DWINELLE, John W[hipple]. The Colonial History of the City of San Francisco.... San Francisco: Towne & Bacon, . iv [, inserted full-page printed errata on clay-coated paper] v-ix [,blank] xi-xlv [, printed addenda on clay-coated paper measuring  x . cm, inserted between xliv and xlv: additional  documents added to serial index, verso blank] [,blank] []- (Address on the Acquisition of California...) [, inserted full-page errata, verso blank] [, engraved map: San Francisco Peninsula ( x . cm; ¼ x ¾ inches)] []- (Narrative Argument), []- [lithographic map with shores outlined in blue: Sketch Gov- ernment Reservations San Francisco Accompanying N o. III in Addenda, N o. CXIII. Page,  (. x  cm; ¾ x ¾ inches)] - [printed addenda on regular paper measuring . x . cm (¼ x ½ inches), inserted between  and : No. CLXXI–BIS. (final order dated in )]  [,blank] *-* [] (inserted -page addenda, printed on full-page clay-coated paper: Addenda, No. CLXXII-[CLXIII], text and index leaves with  documents updating the litigation), []- (index) pp.,  lithographic plates,  maps (as indicated in collation). vo, contemporary three-quarter brown sheep over marbled boards, spine gilt-let- tered and decorated in black, raised bands, marbled endpapers. Sheep abraded (particularly at corners and extremities), interior very fine. An interesting association copy with the following ink notes on blank preliminaries: “Auditor’s Office, Official Copy, To be kept for record”; “Colin M. Boyd, City & Co. Audi- tor San Francisco, ”; “Auditors Office not to be removed.” Old printed catalogue slip affixed to front free endpaper declaring this copy the third edition and “without a doubt the Rarest and most valuable of all the large San Francisco pieces. The number of copies of this edition issued has been generally thought to be ,but judging by its Extreme Scarcity, it is doubtful if that number were issued....” Another pencil note in an unidentified hand: “d issue?” “Third edition” (printed on title), second issue, the best edition, with much added material over the first edition, consisting of documentation on the litigation after the case was transferred to the U.S. Circuit Court, plus the second map and the fine lithographic plates. In addition, this issue has the various addenda as shown above, to update the litigation further, including the final order dated in  and the four extra leaves after p. . Streeter’s copy was similar to the present copy. Streeter Sale :“The second issue of the third edition, with the starred pages - and the inserted slip ‘No. CLXXI-Bis.’ which gives the final order of the Supreme Court of the United States of February , , or the fourth edition, which is identical except for the date ‘’ instead of ‘’ on the title page and the legend ‘Fourth’ instead of ‘Third edition’ are the desirable editions of this important work.” Bradford .Cowan I, pp. -:“ copies was the extent of the third edition.” Cowan II, p.  (not mentioning a second edition ). Graff . Holliday .Howell , California .Howes D (speculates that the “second edition” is a ghost). Nor- ris : “Extremely rare.” Rocq .Two of the three lithographs are attributed to Britton & Rey, the earliest lithographic firm west of the Rockies (see Hart, Companion to California, p. ). Two of the images of San Francisco were based on original drawings by English artist and naval officer William Smyth, who

 accompanied the Beechey expedition (Item  herein) and whose work appeared in Forbes (Item  herein). The third plate (Mission San Luis Rey) was based on an image in Duflot de Mofras (Item  herein). See Van Nostrand, San Francisco, -, in Contemporary Paintings, Drawings, and Watercolors, plate . (-,) [e\ W. W. R , the noted historian of Title Insurance and Trust Company of Los Angeles and author of Land in California, best summed up the value of this legal compendium: “His brief, which he published in four editions from  to  as The Colonial History of San Francisco, is a history of San Francisco’s Span- ish and Mexican periods, supported with documents of the greatest importance in the history of California land titles.” Following the Land Act of , the city of San Francisco, the successor to the pueblo of Yerba Buena, filed a claim for four leagues of pueblo or town lands. The United States contended that “There was never any pueblo of San Francisco.” This contention would invalidate the city’s claim for thousands of acres. To counter the government, special counsel John W.Dwinelle successfully argued the city’s case before the district and cir- cuit courts. As the preface noted, “A chronological narrative seemed the appropriate and only means of silenc- ing this clamor.” In so doing, the attorney developed a mountain of historical evidence, assembling in one place the basic Hispanic legal documents that governed San Francisco since its founding in .“When the work [his brief] was nearly finished,” as explained in the preface, “the suggestion occurred that it was too valu- able to be thrown as a mere waif upon the stream, as law-briefs and other pamphlets commonly are and...it was not without a permanent value as the first essay towards the ‘Colonial History of San Francisco.’” Subsequent editions packed in even more documentary material. Wright Howes speculates that the sec- ond edition was probably never issued. Dwinelle published the third and expanded edition after the case

Item A. Lithograph from the enlarged edition of Dwinelle’s Colonial History of the City of San Francisco.

 went to the U.S. Circuit Court. Two William Smyth plates from the Beechey voyage (q.v.) and a plate from Duflot de Mofras (q.v.) of Mission San Luis Rey (not San Francisco) were added. The best editions are the second issue of the Towne & Bacon  printing and their  imprint. These editions consist of sheets from the first issue of , with the added materials. The only change in the  Towne & Bacon imprint is the date on the title and the printed designation “Fourth Edition.” A map delineating the various ranchos of the San Francisco peninsula provides a useful point of reference. Although a hodgepodge, the value of this basic San Francisco book is further enhanced by the fact that because of earthquake and fire, many of the original documents no longer survive. Dwinelle was indeed a man of mark. A native of Rochester, New York and a successful attorney,Dwinelle could not resist the excitement generated by the Gold Rush. He arrived in this frenzied land but saw a much more lucrative opportunity in plying his legal skills rather than in swishing a gold pan. After a brief return home, the magnetism of California brought him back to San Francisco where he set up his legal practice. Historian J. M. Guinn took note of the special skills he brought to the courtroom: “His mastery of the Span- ish language, acquaintance with Spanish land titles and history of Mexican colonial times, made him espe- cially proficient in settling land cases.” In addition to his involvement in land grant cases, he built a formida- ble private library (sold at auction in ), won election as mayor of Oakland in , and as a California assemblyman, introduced the bill to create and organize the University of California in . Among this legal scholar’s proudest accomplishments was his argument before the California Supreme Court “on the right of colored children to be admitted to public schools.” —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :J.M.Guinn, History of the State of California and Biographic Record of Oakland and Environs (Los Angeles: Historic Record Co., ), vol. ,pp.-;W.W.Robinson, Land in California (Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, ), pp. -.

 Item . Emory’s Notes of a Military Reconnoissance, with the huge map that Wheat calls “epoch-making”—“Source material for the Southwest and the Mexican border. A library of Western Americana is incomplete without it” (Layne). [  ]

EMORY,W[illiam] H[emsley] (-). Notes of a Military Reconnoissance, from Fort Leavenworth, in Missouri, to San Diego, in California, Including Parts of the Arkansas, Del Norte, and Gila Rivers...Made in -, with the Advanced Guard of the “Army of the West.” Washington: Senate Executive Document No.  [th Congress, st Session] Wendell and Van Benthuysen, Printers, .  pp.,  lithographic plates ( views, Native Americans, and natural history by E. Weber +  botanicals by Endicott +  anonymous botanicals), text illustrations,  maps [see list of maps below]. vo, original brown cloth, printed paper spine label. Mild to moderate binding wear, corners bumped, lower edges of binding worn (with some board exposed), library numbers neatly removed from spine, label with marginal chipping and rubbing (only slight loss of border and portions of a letter or two), map pocket split at lower edge, text and plates with mild to moderate intermittent foxing. A very good to fine copy,complete, and with the important large map in remarkable condition (no splits or tears and only mild browning at folds). Bookplate of Monsignor Joseph M. Gleason (see Talbot, Historic California in Book Plates,p. [illustrated] & p. ). With Warren R. Howell’s pencil notes in back indicating that this copy belonged to the Library of the San Francisco College for Women, Lone Mountain, San Francisco. MAPS: [] Sketch of the Actions Fought at San Pasqual in Upper California between the Americans and Mexicans Dec.  th. &  th.  (. x  cm; ¾ x ⅛ inches). [] Sketch of the Passage of the Rio San Gabriel Upper California by the Americans,—Discomfiting the Opposing Mexican Forces January  th.  (. x . cm;  x ¾ inches). [] Sketch of the Battle of Los Angeles Upper California. Fought between the Americans and Mexicans Jan y. th.  ( x . cm; ⅛ x ¾ inches). [] Military Reconnaissance of the Arkansas, Rio del Norte and Rio Gila by W.H. Emory, Lieut. Top. Eng rs. Assisted from Fort Leavenworth to Santa Fe by Lieut s. J. W. Abert and W.G. Peck, and from Santa Fe to San Diego on the Pacific by Lieut. W. H . War ner and Mr. Norman Bestor, Made in -, with the Advance Guard of the “Army of the West”. Under Command of Brig. Gen. Steph n. W. Kearny Constructed under the Orders of Col. J. J. Abert Ch. Corps Top. Eng rs.  Drawn by Joseph Welch (. x . cm; ¼ x ¼ inches). California :Forty-Nine Maps of California from the Sixteenth Century to the Present . Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West . First edition, the Senate issue, later printing with Emory’s rank given as “Lieut. Col.” rather than “Brevet Major” and the plates in the preferred state (executed by Edward Weber, many after drawings by John Mix Stanley,as in the present copy). Although The Zamorano  bibliography gives priority to the House issue, Becker lists the Senate issue first (Plains & Rockies IV::). Barrett, Baja California n. California :Forty-Nine Maps of California from the Sixteenth Century to the Present  (Norman J. W. Thrower): “Emory’s map accurately tied the southwest from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to Southern California together for the first time.” Cowan I, pp. -n, -n. Cowan II, p. .Edwards, Enduring Desert,p.: “Upon the discovery of gold, [Emory’s] Report became immediately popular,as it afforded the first and only description of the Southern route west to Santa Fe, supplying detailed information relative to watering places, roads, deserts, Indians, plant and animal life.... Some indication of how highly this book of Emory’s was prized by the gold seekers is unintentionally supplied by one of these self-same emigrants (John E. Durivage). While struggling across the treacherous desert, according to Durivage: ‘...not-withstanding we left every article we thought we could possibly dispense with at the Colorado, we deemed it necessary to make still further sacrifices. Away went a bag of beans; out tumbled a suit of clothes; Major Emory’s Report and a canister of powder followed suit; a case of surgical instruments followed; and a jar containing five pounds of quick-silver with a small bag of bullets brought up the rear.’” Garrett, The Mexican-American War, pp. , -, -. Holliday .Howell , California .Howes E. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Rittenhouse n. Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West : “In many respects, Emory’s map was the most important

 milestone in the cartographic development and accurate delineation of the Southwest. In its period only the similarly scientifically based reconnaissance maps of Frémont were its equals”; & III, pp. -: “His map was epoch-making.” Zamorano  # (J.Gregg Layne): “Emory’s report...is source material for the Southwest and the Mexican border. A library of Western Americana is incomplete without it.” McKelvey (Botanical Exploration of the Trans-Mississippi West) records an intricate array of more than twenty issues and variants of the Emory report that constitutes a cataloguer’s nightmare or joy, depending on one’s point of view. More important than the myriad trivial issue points and the oft-discussed question of priority, here are the two important factors regarding the Emory report: () completeness, since frequently plates and maps are missing from the Emory report; () the state of the important plates—the preferred state of the plates of the Emory report should bear attribution to Weber. The matter of collecting preference is compli- cated by the fact that the House issue (see next entry herein) of the Emory report is augmented by the valu- able reports of Abert and others, making both versions desirable—the Senate issue for the superior plates in Emory’s report, and the House issue for the added reports. Nothing is ever simple on the Emory report, because the augmented House issues vary as to execution of the New Mexico plates (see next entry). The iconography and cartography in the Emory report are marvelous. Many of the excellent plates were based on the work of noted Western artist John Mix Stanley (-), who also served as artist for the northern route on the Pacific Railroad Survey. “[Stanley] is represented by more plates than any other artist employed in any of the surveys, and no early Western artist had more intimate knowledge by per- sonal experience of the American West than did Stanley” (Taft, Artists and Illustrators of the Old West, p. ). Tyler, Prints of the American West, pp. - (illustrating two prints from the Emory report): “Immediately fol- lowing the [Mexican-American] War, pictures of the newly annexed territories appeared in dozens of different publications, and the government reports were among the most informative and beautifully printed. One of the first to appear was William H. Emory’s Notes of a Military Reconnoissance...which resulted from Col. Stephen Watts Kearny’s invasion of the Southwest.... Artist John Mix Stanley accompanied

Item A. A rather sparse Los Angeles, at the time of the Battle of Los Angeles (January , ) culminating in the Cahuenga Capitulation Treaty signed near the present intersection of the Ventura and Hollywood Freeways, ending the Mexican-American War in California.

 Kearny.... Emory’s report...contained not only his map of the largely unknown Southwest but also John Mix Stanley’s views.... [Edward] Weber [printed the lithographs] for the Senate version.” See also Schwartz & Ehrenberg (The Mapping of America, pp. , , discussing the iconography and cartography in the Emory report and illustrating one of the lithographs after Stanley’s drawings): “[Contains the] first view of the Southwest.” (-,)

. EMORY,W[illiam] H[emsley], [James William] Abert, [Philip St. George] Cooke & [A. R. Johnston]. Notes of a Military Reconnoissance, from Fort Leavenworth, in Missouri, to San Diego, in California, Including Part of the Arkansas, Del Norte, and Gila Rivers...Made in -, with the Advanced Guard of the “Army of the West.” February , .—Ordered to be Printed...February , —Ordered That , Extra Copies of Each of the Reports of Lieutenant Emory, Captain Cooke, and Lieutenant Abert, Be Printed for the Use of the House.... Washington: House Executive Doc- ument No.  [th Congress, st Session] Wendell and Van Benthuysen, Printers, .  pp.,  litho- graphic plates, text illustrations,  maps. E :  lithographic plates ( views, Native Americans, and natural history +  botanicals by Endicott +  anonymous botanicals),  maps [see list of maps below]. A, C  J :  unattributed plates (views, Native Americans, fossils),  folding maps [see list of maps below]. vo, modern three-quarter dark green morocco over marbled boards, red gilt-let- tered labels, spine with raised bands, large Emory map preserved in dark green cloth chemise and slipcase. Short tear at lower edge of one leaf neatly repaired (no loss of text), one stain on title at upper right (approx- imately . cm in diameter), otherwise very fine, clean, and complete, the plates very fresh and the maps espe- cially fine. The large folding map from the Emory report has been professionally stabilized (deacidified, mounted on acid-free paper, and with one tear neatly repaired). Ex-library (title with old ink call number and ink markings above imprint, old ink stamp of U.S. Treasury Department at upper right).

EMORY REPORT MAPS: [] Sketch of the Actions Fought at San Pasqual in Upper California between the Americans and Mexicans Dec.  th &  th.  (. x  cm; ¾ x ⅛ inches) [] Sketch of the Passage of the Rio San Gabriel Upper California by the Americans, Discomfiting the Opposing Mexican Forces January  th.  (. x . cm;  x ¾ inches) [] Sketch of the Battle of Los Angeles Upper California Fought between the Americans and Mexicans Jan y. th.  ( x . cm; ⅛ x ¾ inches) [] Military Reconnaissance of the Arkansas, Rio del Norte and Rio Gila, by W. H. Emory, Lieut. Top. Eng rs. Assisted from Fort Leavenworth to Santa Fe, by Lieuts. J. W. Abert and W.G. Peck. And from Santa Fe to San Diego on the Pacific, by Lieut W. H. Warner and Mr. Norman Bestor, Made in -, with the Advance Guard of the Army of the West, Under Command of Brig. Gen. Stephn. W. Kearny. Constructed under the Orders of Col. J. J. Abert. Ch. Corps Top. Eng rs. .Drawn by Joseph Welch—C. B. Graham. Lithr. Washn. D.C. (. x . cm; ¼ x ¼ inches). California :Forty-Nine Maps of California from the Sixteenth Century to the Present . Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West .

ABERT,COOKE, AND JOHNSTON REPORT MAPS: [] Data. Topographical Sketches by Lieut. W.G. Peck, T. E. This Map Is Connected with the Map of Senate Document N o. , nd. Session, th. Congress. Published by Order of the War Department. Map of the Territory of New Mexico, Made by Order of Brig. Gen. S. W.Kearny, under Instructions from Lieut. W.H. Emory, U.S.T.E.by Lieut’s J. W.Abert and W.G. Peck, U.S.T.E. - (. x . cm; ¾ x ¾ inches). Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West .

[] Sketch of Part of the March & Wagon Road of Lt. Colonel Cooke, from Santa Fe to the Pacific Ocean, -.[From a Point on the Grande River, (Near Which the Road Should Cross,) to the Pimo Village, Where He Fell Into & Followed the Route of Gen. Kearny, down the Gila River.] Lith y. of P.S. Duval, Phila.,(. x . cm; ½ x ¾ inches). Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West .

 First edition, House issue, containing the full Emory report with all maps and plates, and augmented with additional reports by Abert, Cooke, and Johnston (Abert’s report is one of the earliest U.S. publications relat- ing to New Mexico); with the first printed map of New Mexico made public by the War Department; the first printed view of Santa Fe; and the  plates in the Abert report unattributed and in superior style. Running heads consistently labeled  throughout (indicating a slightly later, corrected issue). Barrett, Baja California n. California :Forty-Nine Maps of California from the Sixteenth Century to the Present .Cowan I, pp. -, -.Cowan II, p. .Edwards, Enduring Desert, p. . Garrett, The Mexican-American War, pp. -, - , -, -. Graff , n. Howell , California A. Howes An, E:“The plates of scenery in the Senate edition were lithographed by Weber & Co.; in the House edition these are usually all done by C. B. Graham, though in some copies the  plates in Abert’s report were executed, in a superior manner, anonymously.” Plains & Rockies IV:n (with note by Becker that Robert Taft believed that Abert, one-time art instructor at West Point, made the unattributed sketches for the New Mexico report) & : (or possibly ). Rittenhouse , n: “A basic document on the Santa Fe Trail.... This edition includes reports of Emory and Lt. J. W. Abert on their trip over the Trail with the Army of the West in ; the Abert section is his Report...of the Examination of New Mexico, which was also issued separately. Also included is P. S. G. Cooke’s report on his march from Santa Fe to California and Capt. A. R. Johnston’s journal when he accompanied Cooke.... Variations in the plates, dates, military ranks, etc., still cause disputes over which is definitely the first edition, but the House edition is usually preferred.” Raines, p. n: “Canadian Valley of Texas was part of region traversed and described.” Streeter Sale n. Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West , ,  & III, pp. - (commenting on Emory’s large map): “His map was epoch-making...it tied the country together on a route at its extreme south, and was to become of great value when the boundary of the United States and Mexico was traced a few years later.” The Emory and Abert reports are outstanding monuments in the history, ethnography, and cartography of the Southwest and California. They initiated a scientific awareness of the region’s geography, and they contain some of the very first views of the area. Tyler comments on the New Mexico lithographs in Abert’s

Item A.Sketch of the Passage of the Rio San Gabriel (present Montebello), January , . Californios’ last stand against the U.S. invasion of California, opening the way to U.S. occupation of Los Angeles.

 report (Prints of the American West,pp.-, illustrating the panorama of Santa Fe from Abert’s report): “Abert and Peck’s report on New Mexico...contained the first printed image of Santa Fe as well as various landscapes, portraits of the Pueblos, and Acoma, one of the largest pueblos.” The importance of the large Emory map is discussed above. Wheat (III, pp. -) remarks on the maps in the added reports of Cooke and Abert. Of Cooke’s march and map (Sketch of Part of the March & Wagon Road...from Santa Fe to the Pacific Ocean, -), Wheat states: “[Cooke’s]...march with the Battalion of the Infantry,together with a train of wagons, was from start to finish a magnificent achievement, and brought to public attention a stretch of country thereafter deemed essential for a wagon and railroad route. In the end, the area was included in the ‘Gads- den Purchase’ of .” Wheat comments on Abert and Peck’s map of New Mexico (III, pp. -): “The two lieutenants put in their time profitably by reconnoitering various quarters of New Mexico. There resulted a map of the territory which was published separately and also used by Emory on his large map.” (-,) [e\ W H. E’ Congressional publication with its narrative text of the journey, scientific descriptions, maps, and plates is one of the monuments of Southwestern history. J. Gregg Layne, in the Zamorano  bibli- ography quite rightly proclaimed that “A library of Western Americana is incomplete without it.” Emory’s report, the earliest competent scientific study of the region, opened this virtual terra incognita not only to the consciousness of the federal government but also to the educated American public. In format, it anticipated the monumental Pacific Railroad Survey Reports of the s and reports generated by the great exploring expeditions in the Far West. With this document, Emory had set a glorious standard. Notes of a Military Reconnoissance is valuable for a multitude of reasons. It contains the earliest published journal of the Mexican-American War as it unfolded in the Southwest and California. As the leader of a fourteen-man contingent of topographical engineers, Emory accompanied General Stephen Watts Kearny and his Army of the West as it subdued New Mexico and marched on to secure California for the United States. His daily record documented not only the work of scientists but also the military actions of Kearny. The scientist-soldier served with distinction at the famous battle of San Pasqual near San Diego and at the final skirmishes of San Gabriel and Mesa that effectively ended the conflict in California. As a journal of travel, his book is a delight. Reflecting his aristocratic upbringing and West Point educa- tion, Emory provided illuminating, precise descriptions of the people, settlements, and natural scenery along the way.He wrote on occasion with self-deprecating humor and sometimes with depression-inducing drama. For example, his entry for September  told of his first encounter with New Mexican chili, noting that “the first mouthful brought the tears trickling down my cheeks.” In contrast, on December , as Kearny’s thirsty, hungry army trudged through the angry Colorado Desert, he wrote in despair, “We are still to look for the glowing pictures drawn of California. As yet, barrenness and desolation hold their reign.” William Goetzmann, in his majestic Exploration and Empire, notes that Emory saw himself as a savant, in the same mold as Louis Agassiz, Asa Gray, and Spencer Baird. He combined erudition with military discipline. In a sense, he was another Frémont except with more control and less self-aggrandizement. Emory’s report includes a wealth of geological, botanical, zoological, and ethnological data. Demonstrating his mathemati- cal acumen, Emory for the first time accurately fixed the position of the junction of the Colorado and Gila Rivers. If this were not enough, as Goetzmann points out, “almost single-handedly, he began the study of Southwestern archaeology with his careful examination of the Pecos ruins, and the Casas Grandes along the Gila River.” Of utmost importance, he determined that because of its arid climate, the Southwest would be unsuitable for slavery. One of the principal jewels of this publication is Emory’s outstanding map of the entire route from Santa Fe to San Diego. Carl I. Wheat, that unsurpassed carto-bibliographer, praised it, writing: “In many respects, Emory’s map was the most important milestone in the cartographic development and accurate delineation of the Southwest.” In vol. ,pp.-, Wheat went on to say, “The map of Lieutenant Emory is a document of towering significance in the cartographic history of West. Essentially it is a map of Kearny’s Route.” This detailed map would soon provide vital information for anxious gold seekers taking the southern route to the

 diggings. His battle maps of Kearny’s campaign in southern California provide an important adjunct to his narrative text. In addition to the maps, the volume is illustrated by a series of lithographic plates of scenery and botanical subjects. These represent the earliest graphic delineations of the Southwest. Edwin Bryant (q.v.) in his What I Saw in California () commented on the report and their future plates: “Mr. [John Mix] Stanley,the artist of the expedition, completed his sketches in oil, at San Francisco; and a more truthful, inter- esting, and valuable series of paintings...have never been, and probably never will be exhibited.” —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Ross Calvin, Introduction to Lieutenant Emory Reports: A Reprint of Lieutenant W. H. Emory’s Notes of a Military Reconnoissance (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, ); Patricia Etter, To California on the Southern Route :A History and Annotated Bibliography (Spokane: The Arthur H. Clark Com- pany, ), entry #;William H. Goetzmann, Exploration & Empire (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, ).

 [  ]

ENGELHARDT, Zephyrin (-). The Missions and Missionaries of California. San Francisco: James H. Barry Company, ----. xxii,  + xlvi []  + xviii,  + xxvii []  + []  pp., frontispieces, plates (halftones, views, portraits), maps (including  folding),  folding charts, text illustrations (some full-page), facsimiles, tipped-in errata slip.  vols., vo, original brown cloth, gilt-lettered spines. Other than minor shelf wear, very fine, with bookplates of R. J. A. Boreman and Dr. Roger K. Larson. First edition. Barrett, Baja California .Cowan I, p. n (citing the one-volume precursor to this work and mentioning Engelhardt’s forthcoming larger study). Cowan II, p. . Holliday .Howell , California . Howes E. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Norris : “Complete sets are difficult to procure. Vol.  has been out of print for many years.” Weber, The Califor- nia Missions, p. . Zamorano  # (Phil Townsend Hanna): “Contains much valuable and fugitive minutiae not to be found elsewhere, and when Father Zephyrin pursues Bancroft (q.v.), (never particularly friendly to the Church or the missionaries) some sparkling passages result.” ( vols.) (-) [e\ I,  F  of Alta California had been secularized, with their churches converted into parishes and lands distributed among favored Mexican residents. Only in the relatively settled areas of San Francisco, Monterey,Santa Bárbara, Los Angeles, and San Diego did the mission churches somewhat survive as parish churches, but most were abandoned and, with the passage of time, fell into ruin. Following the Gold Rush, the creation of the Diocese of Monterey, and the incorporation of California as a state of the Union, President Abraham Lincoln formally restored most of the mission churches to the Church, and new immi- gration from the eastern United States increased an interest in the still mysterious and increasingly romantic Spanish past. In the decade of the s Hubert Howe Bancroft (q.v.) and Theodore Hittell (q.v.) produced detailed histories of California, and public interest in the ruined missions and their conservation began to grow.Nevertheless, a detailed, comprehensive history of the missions of the Californias remained to be pub- lished. Nineteenth-century U.S. historians, their excellent methodology notwithstanding, were generally Protestant and the product of several waves of anti-Catholicism evident in the century as well as anti-Span- ish propaganda generated in the Anglo-American world and, therefore, at best marginally informed as to Catholic philosophy, theology, and liturgy, and the nature of the California missions. Following a tradition established by the Franciscan Order in the fourteenth century, Father Zephyrin Engelhardt dedicated over four decades to historical research and writing the chronicle of his order in the Californias. In so doing, he produced the first history of the Californias to recognize the continuity of histor- ical evolution from peninsular California to the north—from Cabo San Lucas to Sonoma. Although his interest in this history was related to his own religious order, his first volume is not only devoted to the mis- sionary antecedents of the Society of Jesus, but also to the labors of the successors to the Franciscans in Baja California, the Dominicans, from their arrival in  to the death of the final member of their order, Fray Gabriel González, in .The remaining four volumes chronicle the Franciscan enterprise in Alta Califor- nia from  to  in extraordinary detail. The absurd criticisms of Engelhardt’s work because of his piety and religiosity demonstrates the ignorance of those critics. Any reasonable scholar can easily separate pious comments from historical facts, and the latter are what make this work extraordinary.In  in Minnesota, he published his  page work, The Franciscans in Cal- ifornia, the preliminary study to his great history which was expanded to five volumes appearing between  and , and a somewhat difficult to collate second edition between  and . As had various researchers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Engelhardt enjoyed access to the California Archives destroyed during the disastrous earthquake and fire in San Francisco in .This means that Engelhardt’s work contains information no longer available to researchers, and thus makes it an irreplaceable source.

 Item . Engelhart’s Missions and Missionaries of California. “The first history of the Californias to recognize the continuity of historical evolution from peninsular California to the north...an irreplaceable source” (Mathes). Following the publication of his five-volume work, Engelhardt initiated publication of scholarly mono- graphs on the individual missions of Alta California. Prior to his death in , in the preceding fourteen years he published sixteen volumes on San Diego, San Luis Rey,San Juan Capistrano, Santa Bárbara, San Fran- cisco, San Fernando, San Gabriel, San Antonio de Padua, San Miguel Arcángel, Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, San Buenaventura, San Juan Bautista, Santa Inés, La Purísima, San Luis Obispo, and San Carlos Borromeo. Although several scholars of the California missions have augmented the work of Engelhardt in regard to some of the missions, this monumental publication remains as the cornerstone history of the California missions, indispensable to any research in the field. ——W.Michael Mathes

 Item . The monumental Estracto. “The first published account of the first permanent settlement in California” (Streeter). [  ]

[PORTOLÁ, Gaspar de (attrib.) (-)]. Estracto de noticias del puerto de Monterrey, de la missión, y presidio que se han establecido en el con la denominación de San Carlos, y del sucesso de las dos expediciones de mar, y tierra que a este fin se despacharon en el año proximo anterior de  [caption title]. [Colophon: Mexico, August , ]. [] pp. Small folio, plain protective wrappers (on laid paper with watermark ). An exceptionally fine copy, apparently removed from a larger legajo at some point in time, with contemporary ink foliation at top right of each leaf (, , ). Preserved in chemise and slipcase of half navy blue levant morocco over marbled boards. Exceedingly rare. This copy was owned by John Howell–Books in the s, and the chemise bears Warren R. Howell’s penciled cost code (lxytxs) and a retail price of ,. Although this copy was in Howell’s Cata- logue , it was not from the collection of Jennie Crocker Henderson, but rather one of the additions that Howell made to her collection. First edition, the folio issue, for official circulation. Cowan I, pp. -.Cowan II, p. . Graff .Howell , California  (cataloguing the present copy): “Although Wagner would not commit himself on the ques- tion of priority, never having discovered any contemporary statement as to which was printed first, Cowan considered the folio issue to be the first. Dr. George P.Hammond presents a conclusive solution to the prob- lem in Noticias de California (Book Club of California, ): On the basis of two corrections made in the quarto of spelling errors in the folio, he assigns priority to the folio.” Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhi- bition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Jones .LC,California Centennial . Libros Californianos (Cowan & Bliss lists), pp. , .Mathes, California Colonial Bibliography . Medina, México .Palau . Rocq . Streeter, Americana-Beginnings n. Streeter Sale  (folio issue): “The first published account of the first permanent settlement in California, the Estracto being the preliminary report of the Portolá expedi- tion.” Wagner, Spanish Southwest . Zamorano  # (Henry R. Wagner): “Portolá and Costansó (q.v.) arrived in Mexico City on August , , bringing the first news of the occupation of Monterey. The government therefore lost very little time in having the occupation report printed. It is the earliest known printed piece, since Torquemada’s Monarquía Indiana, to contain any information regarding what is now known as Upper California.” (,-,)

. [PORTOLÁ, Gaspar de]. Noticias de California. First Report of the Occupation by the Portolá Expedition, .... San Francisco: Book Club of California, .  pp., folding maps, facsimiles of the to and folio editions of the Estracto de Noticias, illustration of Presidio de Monterey. Small folio, original cloth-backed grey boards. Very fine in d.j. Limited edition ( copies). (-) [e\ B     of chivalry the Sergas de Esplandián as the island of Queen Calafia decades prior to its discovery, California engendered extraordinary curiosity throughout its early history. Unlike other regions discovered by Spain during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, California resisted occupation for a cen- tury and a half following the first attempt at settlement by Fernando Cortés. Even following successful per- manent foundations established by the Society of Jesus after , California was the distant edge of the Spanish Empire and was, at best, a marginal province. Following the expulsion of the Jesuits, in  Visitor General José de Gálvez initiated plans for the occupation of Alta California, unexplored since .Through the creation of a naval department at San Blas, this advance could avail itself of more rapid maritime travel coupled with overland expeditions under Gaspar de Portolá and Franciscan Fray Junípero Serra from the California peninsula. Following the establishment of a base at San Diego on July , ,Portolá departed to explore by land northward through the more temperate coastal regions of Alta California. Seen by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in  and explored and charted by Sebastián Vizcaíno in , Monterey,with an adequate harbor for ships of the period and abundant supplies of fresh water, timber, game, and fish, was considered an appropriate

 site for securing Spanish control of the northern Pacific Coast. Accompanying Portolá was a fellow Catalán, Miguel Costansó, an officer of the Royal Corps of Engineers and professional cartographer and draughts- man. The sole description of the bay of Monterey was that made from the sea in  and published in Manila in  by José González Cabrera Bueno in the Navegación especulativa y práctica, and, as a result, it was bypassed on the march northward and was not identified until the return southward from the bay of San Francisco where the Golden Gate halted further advance. Upon the expedition’s return to San Diego on January , , Costansó returned to Monterey by sea with Father Serra in May and was met by Portolá and Lieutenant Pedro Fagés who had returned overland. With the establishment of the presidio of Monterey and mission San Carlos Borromeo, Portolá and Costansó sailed for San Blas in July and proceeded to Mexico City which they reached on August .Their report to Viceroy Marqués de Croix of the success of the expeditions and establishment of Monterey marked the completion of a long-desired goal of Spanish colonization, and resulted in the almost immediate publi- cation of a greatly abridged description in the Estracto de Noticias del Puerto de Monterey..., dated six days follow- ing the arrival of Portolá and Costansó at the viceregal court. This first publication relative to what is today the State of California appeared in two versions, one in folio of three leaves, and another in small quarto of four leaves. The folio version probably preceded the latter and was evidently of a very short press run in that it is far more rare than the latter. The Estracto... appeared in translation in The Official Account of the Portolá Expedition of -, ed. Frederick J. Teggart (Publications of the Academy of Pacific Coast History, :; Berkeley: University of California Press, ), and was reset in modern type in an edition of  copies in Madrid, José Porrúa Turanzas, Editor, . —W.Michael Mathes

 [  ]

FARNHAM, Thomas J[efferson] (-). Travels in the Californias, and Scenes in the Pacific Ocean. New York: Saxton & Miles, .  pp., engraved frontispiece, folding cerographic map: Map of the Californias by T. J. Farnham...Entered According to Act of Congress in the Year ... (. x . cm; ⅞ x ¾ inches). vo, original blue blindstamped cloth, spine gilt-lettered. Spine a bit faded, extremities just a trifle worn, a few occasional inconsequential to mild foxmarks (mainly confined to frontispiece and endsheets), last eight leaves with light staining at very edges of blank margins, closed -cm tear in folding map at juncture of map with book block. Withal, this is a near fine to fine copy of a book very difficult to find in collector’s condition (we think it about as fine a copy as one might hope to acquire). Preserved in a half green levant morocco slipcase. We formerly thought this book to be uncommon, but experience in seeking a copy of this title for Mr.Volkmann during the past few years has convinced us that Farnham’s book is now very rare. Only five copies of this book have appeared at auction going back to .The last copy to appear at auction was in  (the Henry H. Clifford copy), and that copy was purchased by the Bancroft Library. First edition. American Imprints :. Barrett, Baja California : “One chapter on Baja California.” Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. .Edwards, Enduring Desert, pp. -.Forbes, Hawaiian National Bibliography  (noting that the Hawaiian Mission Children’s Society Library in Honolulu holds a copy in parts): “An account of Farn- ham’s travels in the American West and including his visit to the Hawaiian Islands.... Although the author mod- estly does not mention it, the movement to obtain a formal recognition of the independence the Hawaiian king- dom was inaugurated in  and grew out of Farnham’s visit, during which time he ‘gained entry into the society and to some extent into the confidence of the king and chiefs and their advisor William Richards’ (Kuyk- endall, pp. -).” Graff :“The success of Farnham’s earlier work encouraged him to write this sequel. It seems to have been issued first in four parts.” Holliday .Howes F. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush n (citing the later editions, which contain added material relating to the California Gold Rush). Plains & Rockies IV::. Streeter Sale :“The map is most interesting, recording as it does Farnham’s route given in his previous volume and Dr. Lyman’s route from Santa Fe to California.—TWS.” Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush n; Mapping the Transmississippi West  (map illustrated in vol. II, opp. p. ) & vol. II, pp. -:“Farnham’s ‘Map of the Californias,’ though copyrighted in , was—according to Wagner-Camp —included in his Travels in the Californias, and Scenes in the Pacific Ocean of  (part ,however, bearing the date ). Farnham claimed to have talked with the trapper Ewing Young, and he makes use of a letter from Dr. (John H.) Lyman of Buffalo, New York [see Rittenhouse ].... The proposed route followed down to the Bay, which it skirted on the south, and finally arrived at the settlement of Yerba Buena, where San Francisco now stands. Farnham himself actually traveled this route only to Bear River,when enroute to Oregon in .The rest is speculative. Farnham also shows ‘Dr. Lyman’s Route’ by the Old Spanish Trail (called here Road to New Mexico) from Santa Fe to the Pueblo de los Angeles. The far northeast corner of the map shows a faint hint of Frémont’s  delineation”; Maps of the California Gold Region n (citing the appearance of the tinted version in Morse & Breese’s  North American Atlas): “The twenty-one missions of Upper California are shown by small symbols denoting churches, and Branciforte (Santa Cruz) is denoted as the ‘Ville de Francfort.’” Zamorano  #. Jack Rittenhouse in his Santa Fe Trail bibliography speculated that Farnham may have been an agent for the U.S. government (see Rittenhouse , citing Farnham’s Travels in the Great Western Prairies). The frontispiece of a Native American of California is a reworking of an image by English artist Smyth that first appeared in Beechey (q.v.); however, Smyth’s modestly attired peasant here has been dramatically transformed to the Choris mode. (,-,)

.FARNHAM, Thomas J[efferson]. Pictorial Edition!!! Life, Adventures, and Travels in California...to Which Are Added the Conquest of California, Travels in Oregon, and History of the Gold Regions. New York: Cornish, Lamport & Co.,  Pearl-Street., . iv []- [, engraving of The Great Seal of the State of California] - pp. (com- plete), frontispiece,  text illustrations (all full-page). Thick vo, original black embossed cloth (rebacked in

 Item . Farnham’s Travels in the Californias, with a map locating the missions. “An important overview of Mexican California at a time of tremendous political instability and heightened covetousness by the expansionist-minded United States” (Kurutz). plain black cloth, new paper spine label and endpapers), marbled edges. A very good copy. Contemporary ink ownership inscription and later ink stamp on front flyleaf. “Pictorial Edition” with added illustrations and additional material (history of the conquest of California; Cal- ifornia constitution; summary account of the author’s travels in Oregon; Gregory’s Guide for California Travellers via the Isthmus of Panama). The “Pictorial” edition first came out in , and was quickly followed by several reprints and variants. The present variant is not recorded in the bibliographies, but appears to be an intermedi- ate state between Kurutz (The California Gold Rush) c and d (with publisher’s address shown as above and hiatus in pagination between pages  and , although all of the text called for is present). The subsequent editions were “produced to take advantage of the public’s excited curiosity about California during the period -...embellished with a remarkable array of printer’s cuts that were taken from stock and given more or less relevant captions. ‘The Old Trapper’ (opposite page )...more nearly resembles Robin Hood”—Plains & Rockies IV: (the present book is similar to Plains & Rockies IV:: with slight variations). (-)

.FARNHAM, Thomas J[efferson]. Pictorial Edition!! Life, Adventures, and Travels in California...to Which Are Added the Conquest of California, Travels in Oregon. New York: Sheldon, Blakeman & Co., . iv []- []- []-  pp. (complete), frontispiece,  text illustrations (all full-page). Thick vo, original brown blindstamped cloth with embossed gilt and red design with bears on upper and lower covers, spine gilt-decorated. Moderate shelf wear, corners bumped and frayed, mild to moderate foxing (mainly confined to preliminary and terminal leaves), generally a very good, tight copy in an unusual binding. Front pastedown with bookplate of Jennie A. Crocker and contemporary ink ownership stamp of N. Poland of San Francisco on front free endpaper. Yet another version of the oft-reprinted Pictorial Edition. (-) [e\ T J F, an experienced traveler and entertaining writer, presented an important overview of Mexican California at a time of tremendous political instability and heightened covetousness by the expansionist-minded United States. Earlier, he had traveled to Oregon and to the Sandwich Islands before arriving in California in April .The New England adventurer and lawyer toured the principal settlements of Upper California and wrote in the most glowing terms of its potential. Farnham saw in California a verdant land that was ripe for the plucking, a land waiting to be developed by a go-ahead, industrious people. His words on the beauty and prospects of California would have pleased the railroad boomers of the s: “California is an incomparable wilderness. This is a wilderness of groves and lawns, broken by deep and rich ravines, separated from each other by broad and wild wastes. Along the ocean is a world of vegetable beauty; on the sides of the mountains are the mightiest trees of the earth; on the heights are the eternal snows, lighted by volcanic fires” (p. ). Later he wrote, “It may be confidently asserted that no country in the world possesses so fine a climate coupled with so productive a soil as the sea board portion of the Californias” (p. ). In contrast to California’s natural gifts, Farnham had much less enthusiasm for its residents noting that “its miserable people live unconscious of these things.” He reinforced Dana’s (q.v.) highly prejudicial stereotype of a sleepy, mañana-oriented people in a state of eternal bliss who failed to grasp the enormous opportunity of California. Farnham, as so many other writers of his era, diluted much of his text with a generalized, lackluster his- tory of the Californias based on earlier, well-known accounts. However, when writing about what he actually saw, this gifted observer excelled. He presented a superb synopsis of California’s geography, climate, cattle, crops, missions, presidios, harbors, and Indians. Sifting through his acrid contempt of the Hispanics, his reading audience gained an interesting glimpse of the Californio economy, amusements, and government. He predicted that “the grape will undoubtedly be the great staple product of the Californias.” Such effusive pictures of this Eden-like land no doubt attracted future waves of settlers from the United States. Much of Farnham’s negative view of the Californios was tainted by poor timing. Leaving Hawaii on board the Don Quixote, he arrived in Monterey on April , ,at a time when the province was in a state of political turmoil culminating in what became known as the “Graham Affair.” He immediately met U.S. counsel Thomas Oliver Larkin and learned that over  Americans and Britons were “starving and thirsting

 in the prisons of the town, and destined to be sacrifice to Spanish malignity.” California Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado, he discovered, had imprisoned Isaac Graham and his band of roughnecks, charging them with plotting to overthrow the government. Farnham intervened and claimed credit for having gained the release of many of these prisoners. This direct experience with the local government, combined with his inherent New England suspicion of things Hispanic, poisoned his view of the Californios. He condemned them in the strongest possible terms using phrases like “worthless rabble of bastards” and “a blight of idiocy.” Years later, when Bancroft consulted Farnham’s book in writing his History of California, the historian doubted his account of the Graham Affair and did not much care for Farnham’s opinions, especially when it came to the Californios. Bancroft in his Pioneer Register wrote, “Farnham was a lawyer of some ability, and a writer of somewhat fertile imagination. It must suffice to say that in all those parts resting on his own obser- vation it is worthless trash, and in all that relates to the Californian people a tissue of falsehoods.” In the nar- rative text in his History of California, Bancroft said that Farnham had a “hatred and contempt for all that was Californian.” Bancroft did, however, make one concession by complimenting him on his writing saying that he had “an attractive way of expressing his ideas.” With the discovery of gold in ,Farnham’s work assumed even more popularity and new and expanded pictorial editions were published. Farnham died in San Francisco in . He was survived by his wife, Eliza, and their three children. Eliza, a pioneer feminist, went on to become an even more famous person of letters, writing one of the most important books of the Gold Rush and s, California Indoors and Out (). —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Hubert Howe Bancroft, History of California (San Francisco: The History Company, ), vol. ,pp., - and vol. ,p.; Biographical Files, California State Library; Robert Glass Cleland, A History of California: The American Period (New York: The Macmillan Company, ), pp. -.

Item . Cerographic map locating the twenty-one missions of Upper California.

 Item . Engraving of a Native American of California reworked from an image by English artist Smyth.

 Item . Governor Alvarado’s copy of Figueroa’s Manifiesto, printed by Augustín Juan Vicente Zamorano, California’s first printer. “The first book printed in California [and] the most important publication produced during the period of the Mexican press” (Streeter).

 [  ]

FIGUEROA, José (-). Manifiesto á la República Mejicana que hace el General de Brigada José Figueroa, Comandante General y Gefe Político de la Alta California, sobre su conducta y de los Señores D. José María de Híjar y D. José María Padrés, como Directores de Colonización en  y . Monterey: Imprenta del C. Agustín V.Zamorano, .[]  [] pp. (last two leaves supplied in barely detectable expert facsimile on old paper). mo, orig- inal plain brown paper wrappers, sewn. Rare original wrappers rubbed, a few leaves dog-eared, occasional light staining and marginal browning, but overall a fine copy (thus described by John Howell–Books, who sold this copy to Mr. Volkmann from the Howell California Catalogue , item ). Preserved in a chemise and half red morocco slipcase. A well-pedigreed copy as to provenance: The Howell Castro– [Peralta?]–Alvarado–Alemany–Harold Holmes–Jennie Crocker Henderson-Warren R. Howell copy. An important association copy of an exceedingly rare and important book, with several contemporary ink nota- tions on front blank preliminaries, indicating that this copy was the property of Juan B. Alvarado, twelfth gov- ernor of California (-; see Hart, Companion to California, p. ). Upper wrapper signed by Monsignor Alemany (-,who arrived in San Francisco in  and served as the first Roman Catholic Bishop of Upper and Lower California; see Hart, Companion to California, p. ). Other ink notes include Guadalupe Per- alta (Bancroft, Pioneer Register, p. ) and Rafael Guadalupe Peralta (both members of the prominent early Bay Area Californio Peralta family; see Hart, Companion to California, p. ); Carlos Castro (Bancroft, Pioneer Register, p. ) and other Castro family members (see Hart, Companion to California, p. ). Laid in is a hand- written note referring to the  Holmes Sale where this copy brought , and a Xerox copy of Harold C. Holmes’s comments on this copy. First edition of “the first book printed in California [and] the most important publication produced during the period of the Mexican press” (Streeter Sale , illustrated at p. ). Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. . Cowan, Spanish Press, p. . Doheny Sale .Fahey  & pp. -: “Largest and most important book printed by the Mexican press in California.... The printing of the Manifiesto was a great accomplishment for the Zamorano printer. This book represented the highest achievement of the Mexican press of California, and it demonstrated, for that era, a noteworthy manifestation of human endeavor.” Graff .Greenwood  (title illustrated as frontispiece). Harding, “Census of California Spanish Imprints” ; Zamorano, p. .Howell , California  (this copy, illustrated at p. ); Anniversary Catalogue : “Figueroa’s Manifiesto was the first major book to be printed in California, preceded only by the sixteen-page Reglamento () and a half-dozen or so broadsides and ephemera sheets. The publication of this work was a significant accomplishment of Zamorano’s newly established Monterey press, and it was certainly the most important book printed in Alta California prior to the American conquest. It was printed on a Ramage press in Small Pica type obtained from the Boston Type and Stereotype Foundry, and was brought to Monterey by Figueroa in January, . Zamorano had arrived in California in  as secretary to the governor, José María Echeandía, later becom- ing commander of the presidio at Monterey.... All of the Zamorano imprints are extremely rare, and are highly prized by collectors and students of early printing, as well as those interested in the Spanish-Mexican period of California history.” Howes F. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notori- ous California Classics . Libros Californianos (Bliss list), p. . Norris  (commenting in ): “It is possible that this will be the only copy offered for sale for some time.” Zamorano  #.For more on printer Agustín Juan Vicente Zamorano, consult: Diccionario Porrúa; Harding, Zamorano; and Hart, Companion to California. (,-,)

. FIGUEROA, José. The Manifesto, Which the General of Brigade, Don José Figueroa, Commandant-General and Political Chief of U. California, Makes to the Mexican Republic, in Regard to His Conduct and That of the Snrs. D. José María de Híjars [sic] and D. José María Padrés, As Directors of the Colonization in  and .... San Francisco: San Francisco Herald Office, .  [, dedication] pp. vo, original gilt-lettered brown calf. Binding rubbed, covers and spine reattached, two small voids to spine, back free endpaper absent, small puncture through upper cover and to p.  (in blank margin, not affecting text). Ink ownership stamps of St. Rose’s Convent,

 San Francisco, on title and several text leaves. Front pastedown with bookplates of Winfield J. Davis (a Zamorano  author; see Item  herein) and Allen Knight. This book was for many decades considered a real rarity, but in the s, a small stash of copies was discovered in a convent, whereupon the book was readily available through John Howell–Books, the Eberstadts,Jenkins Company, and other dealers. However, in recent years, copies on the open market have diminished, and the title is once again scarce. First edition in English. Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. . Graff .Greenwood .Howell , California . Streeter Sale  (illustrated at p. ). (-,)

. FIGUEROA, José. Manifesto to the Mexican Republic...Translated, with an Introduction and Notes by C. Alan Hutchinson. Berkeley, Los Angeles & London: University of California Press, []. []  pp., including facsimile of the original. to, original brown cloth. Light shelf wear, generally fine, in fine d.j. Scholarly edition, with introduction, notes, bibliography, and index. (-) [e\ P   in the Californias by Agustín Juan Vicente Zamorano (-), a native of San Agustín, Florida. As a lieutenant of engineers, he had accompanied governor José María Echeandía to the province in , and was appointed commandant of the presidio of Monterey in . In ,a printing press that Zamorano had ordered from Boston reached Monterey and the first imprints, regulations, and decrees appeared in the same year. Zamorano continued printing until , and from  to  he served

Item . Governor Alvarado’s copy of the first book printed in California—extraordinary provenance.

 as commandant at the presidio of Loreto. He returned to Alta California as inspector of the province and died shortly after his arrival at San Diego in . Anti-clericalism among liberal Mexican republicans grew rapidly during the same period, resulting in proposals in  for the secularization of missions into diocesan parish churches and the distribution of their temporalities (farming and grazing lands), a decree for the expulsion of Spaniards in , and serious con- sideration of the confiscation of Church property as a means of resolving the increasing difficulties of serv- icing the national debt. On August , ,President Valentín Gómez Farías decreed the secularization of all missions throughout the Republic (those of Baja California were excepted the following year) and thus opened vast lands in Alta California to private acquisition. In the same year José Figueroa replaced Eche- andía and appointed Agustín Zamorano as his secretary, the latter printing a decree of provisional regula- tions for secularization on August , . Russia, availing herself of the chaos brought by the Napoleonic invasion of Spain and the Mexican Wars of Independence, had established Fort Ross to the north of San Francisco in , and Figueroa also began development of a plan for the establishment of a more northerly presidio to secure Mexican territory to ° north latitude, ordering Ensign Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo to explore and report on Ross and Bodega. In the interim in Mexico City, a project to establish colonists in California presented by José María Padrés and José María Híjar received the support Gómez Farías, who appointed Híjar governor of Alta California and issued decrees on November ,  to assure the colonization of mission temporalities. In September  some  colonists of the Híjar-Padrés enterprise reached San Diego and continued to Monterey and San Francisco Solano de Sonoma. But during the summer, Antonio López de Santa Anna had returned to the presidency and revoked the appointment of Híjar; that order arrived in Monterey by special courier prior to the arrival of Padrés and Híjar. A conflict of authority with Figueroa ensued, and in October the latter limited the jurisdiction of Híjar and Padrés to directors of colonization. Further, Figueroa, supported by the provincial legislature, agreed to comply with colonization orders but prohibited occupation of mission lands, interference with Indian land holdings, and the use of Indian labor. Híjar attempted to override this decision, to no avail, and Padrés and Híjar were instructed to take their colonists to San Francisco Solano and leave once they were settled. Mean- while, Padrés was accused of plotting against the local government and instigating a minor revolt in Los Angeles. In March , Figueroa ordered Vallejo to detain Híjar, Padrés, and others and expel them from Alta California, and in May they sailed from Monterey. The following month, Vallejo was charged with the establishment of a garrison and pueblo at Sonoma. On September , Figueroa issued his Manifiesto, explaining and justifying his actions against Híjar and Padrés, stating that there were not adequate local funds to support federal colonization plans, and arguing for the local administration of land distribution and control of temporalities. Ironically,the author did not live to see his lengthy document in print for it was in press at the time of Figueroa’s death on September . The first book-length imprint produced in the Californias, the Manifiesto was translated into English and published in San Francisco in  and Oakland in .A definitive scholarly edition in English and Span- ish, with translation, introduction, and annotations by C. Alan Hutchinson, was published by the University of California Press in . —W.Michael Mathes

Item . Typographical ornamentation by California’s first printer, Augustín Juan Vicente Zamorano, for whom the Zamorano Club was named.

 Item . Forbes’s California, with an important map and outstanding plates by artist William Smyth. “The first book in English to relate exclusively to California” (Streeter).

 [  ]

FORBES, Alexander (-). California: A History of Upper and Lower California from Their First Discovery to the Present Time, Comprising an Account of the Climate, Soil, Natural Productions, Agriculture, Commerce &c. A Full View of the Missionary Establishments and Condition of the Free and Domesticated Indians. With an Appendix Relating to Steam Navigation in the Pacific. Illustrated with a New Map, Plans of the Harbours, and Numerous Engravings. London: Smith, Elder and Co., . xvi,  pp., lithographic frontispiece of Father Antonio Peyri,  lithographic plates, folding lithographic map of California on thin paper with original outline coloring in red, green, and yellow: The Coasts of Guatimala [sic] and Mexico, from Panama to Cape Mendocino; with the Principal Harbours in Cali- fornia. London, Smith Elder & C o. .John Arrowsmith ( x  cm; ½ x ¾ inches), with insets: () Harbour of San Francisco, by Capt n. Beechey R.N.; () Sketch of Puerto de S. Diego by Capt n. John Hall; () Sketch of Monterrey Harbour, by Capt n.John Hall; () Sketch of S t. Barbara Harbour by Capt n. John Hall; () Sketch of Port S. Gabriel, or S. Pedro by Capt n. John Hall. vo, original blindstamped plum cloth, spine gilt-lettered. Spine light, otherwise exception- ally fine, unopened, the plates and map just about perfect. Preserved in a brown board slipcase. With San Francisco bookseller Newbegin’s typed catalogue slip tipped onto front free endpaper, and pastedown with small printed labels of Newbegin’s and Westley’s & Co. Bindery in London. First edition, with the errata slip at p. . Barrett, Baja California .Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. . Graff . Harlow, Maps of San Francisco Bay ; Maps of the Pueblo Lands of San Diego . Hill, p. . Holliday .Howell , California .Howes F. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notori- ous California Classics .LC,California Centennial . Norris . Streeter Sale :“The first book in Eng- lish to relate exclusively to California.” Van Nostrand & Coulter, California Pictorial, pp. - (illustrating one lithograph from this work and original watercolors on which two of the plates were based). Walker, A Literary History of Southern California, p. : “Survey of California, the rich plum of the Pacific, made by...Forbes, the English merchant at Tepic, who in his vivid and charming California () did his best to persuade the English to act while there was yet time.” Zamorano  #.The map with insets of San Fran- cisco, San Diego, Monterey, Santa Barbara, and San Pedro is important. Harlow (Maps of San Francisco Bay ) comments on the San Francisco chart: “A detail of the Beechey chart of San Francisco Bay,including the San Francisco peninsula to south of the mission, a large part of Marin peninsula, and the east shore from Point Pinole south to San Antonio Creek. It is a selective copy, showing the approaches to the bay, sound- ings, and some surface details but not the amount of relief found in the original.” Forbes’s use of Beechey’s (q.v.) map is an early reworking of Beechey’s important San Francisco map (Harlow ). Harlow (Maps of the Pueblo Lands of San Diego ) comments on the early chart of San Diego port: “One of the charts of Califor- nia ports made by the English sea captain John Hall during the visit of the Lady Blackwood to San Diego in ,probably for his own use, and published in .... The coastal map, according to Hall and the editor of the accompanying work, was by Arrowsmith.... John Forbes, editor of his brother’s work on California, stated that the charts of Bodega, ‘Monterrey,’ Santa Barbara, San Pedro, and San Diego were from Hall’s ‘own original surveys.’” (,-,)

. FORBES, Alexander. California: A History of Upper and Lower California from Their Discovery to the Present Time.... San Francisco: Thomas C. Russell, . , xvi,  pp.,  hand-colored plates. Royal vo, original tan boards, printed paper spine label. Joints split and repaired with tape, a few mild stains to boards, inter- nally very fine, with bookplate of Thomas Wayne Norris on front pastedown. Original prospectus laid in. Thomas C. Russell’s autograph letter signed to Thomas Wayne Norris dated at San Francisco, February , , advising that all copies with hand-colored plates have been sold but that he will endeavor to fill the order since the binder had not yet finished binding the entire edition. Limited edition (# of  copies, signed by publisher). Norris  (this copy). (-)

. FORBES, Alexander. California: A History of Upper and Lower California.... San Francisco: John Henry Nash, .[, facsimile of original title page] [] xxxi []  [, colophon] pp., decorated title and chapter

 headings, frontispiece portrait, folding map, text illustrations (full-page, from original plates). Large vo, original brown cloth over marbled boards, printed paper spine label. Superb condition. Limited edition ( signed copies). Cowan I, p. . Holliday . Norris .(-)

[e\ B  Alexander Forbes wrote the first book published in English relating exclusively to Califor- nia. His narrative, as observed by Hubert Howe Bancroft, was not so much a history as “a presentation by an intelligent man of business of the country’s actual condition, capabilities, institutions, and prospects.” His book, more than any other,made California known to the English-speaking world and spurred on both Euro- pean and American interest in controlling this remote Mexican province. A longtime resident of Mexico, Forbes completed the text for his book in October  before sending it off to England for publication. Amazingly, Forbes had never set foot in California. A delay in publication allowed for the addition of new material up to the year . His brother, Dr. John Forbes, edited the work and supervised its publication. The majority of this book consists of a history of both Baja and Alta Califor- nia based on the works of Miguel Venegas, Francisco Palóu, and others. For more current affairs, Forbes relied on correspondence with Californios like José Bandini and his agents. The volume contains excellent descriptions of the region’s climate, natural productions, agriculture, and commerce. Showing his futuristic thinking, Forbes included material on steam navigation in the Pacific and advocated using the Isthmus of Panama as a more rapid means of linking Europe to the Pacific. The most fascinating component, however, is a chapter entitled “Upper California Considered As a Field of Foreign Colonization.” As British vice-con- sul in Tepic, Mexico, Forbes was keenly interested in the future prospects of California, writing: “Taking every circumstance into account, perhaps no country whatever can excel or hardly vie with California in nat- ural advantages.” Sparsely settled California with its natural harbors and fertile soil, he campaigned, would be an attractive colony for English settlers and “the innumerable starving population of the Old World.”

Item . Lithograph based on William Smyth’s oft-reprinted image of a California vaquero wielding the lasso.

 Forbes hoped that England (and not America) would acquire California in exchange for the millions of dollars owed to it by the Mexican government. He postulated that if an industrious people settled California, it “would soon be one of the most interesting and prosperous spots on the earth.” Although called engravings on the title page, the volume is actually illustrated with ten handsome litho- graphs of native peoples and coastal settlements. Eight of the plates are based on watercolor sketches by William Smyth. The artist had served on Captain F. W. Beechey’s ship the Blossom when it cruised the Cali- fornia coastline in -.The plate of “California Mode of Catching Cattle” was first published in Beechey (q.v.). Smyth’s images also appeared in the works by Duflot de Mofras (q.v.), Dwinelle (q.v.), and Farnham (q.v.). A folding map entitled The Coast of Guatimala [sic] and Mexico, from Panama to Cape Mendocino; with the Principal Harbors in California (London: Smith, Elder & Co., ) graces the end of the volume. John Arrowsmith created the large coastal map. In the appendix, Forbes added Hall’s “Remarks on the Harbours of California, with Directions for Navigating Them.” The San Francisco Daily Alta California for January , , advertised a “handsome new edition” and praised the volume as “the only correct history of California extant”; however,there is no evidence of its exis- tence. In ,T.C.Russell published a new edition of  copies, and in ,John Henry Nash produced a fine press edition of  copies with an excellent introduction by Herbert I. Priestley.The Arno Press of New York in  published a modestly produced facsimile of the first edition. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Hubert Howe Bancroft, History of California (San Francisco: The History Company, ), vol. ,pp.-; Edith M. Coulter, Introduction to An Account of a Visit to California - (San Francisco: The Book Club of California, ); Herbert I. Priestly,Introduction to California: A History of Upper and Lower California (San Francisco: John Henry Nash, ), pp. ix-xxii; Neal Harlow, Maps of San Fran- cisco Bay (San Francisco: The Book Club of California), p.  and Maps of the Pueblo Lands of San Diego (Los Angeles: Dawson’s Book Shop, ), pp. -.

Item . Lithograph of the Temescal (hot air bath) in California, based on original watercolors by William Smyth.

 Item . Frémont’s epochal report and map that “changed the entire picture of the West” (Wheat).

 [  ]

FRÉMONT,J[ohn] C[harles] (-) [& Jessie Benton Frémont (-)]. Report of the Exploring Expe- dition to the Rocky Mountains in the Year , and to Oregon and North California in the Years -’.... Printed by Order of the Senate of the United States. Washington: [Senate , th Congress, nd Session] Gales and Seaton, Print- ers, .  pp.,  lithographic plates (views, fossils, botany,  by Weber),  lithographic maps [see list of maps below]. Thick vo, original dark brown blindstamped cloth, spine gilt-lettered (expertly rebacked, orig- inal spine preserved). Light shelf wear, occasional mild to moderate foxing, rear endpaper pocket splitting at top, generally a fine copy, the large map excellent, much better than usually found, with only mild browning at folds and a few clean, short splits. Bookplate of Donald Culross Peattie on front pastedown.

MAPS [] [Untitled emigrant route in Bear River Valley] ( x . cm; ½ x ⅞ inches). [] Beer Springs (. x . cm; ⅞ x ⅞ inches). [] The Great Salt-Lake (. x . cm.; ⅞ x ⅞ inches). [] [Untitled map of the crossing of the Sierra Nevada by the South Fork of the American River] (. x  cm; ⅞ x ¼ inches). [] Map of an Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the Year ,Oregon & North California in the Years -  by Brevet Capt. J. C. Fremont of the Corps of Topographical Engineers Under the Orders of Col. J. J. Abert, Chief of the Topographical Bureau. Lith. by E. Weber & Co., Baltimore, Md. (. x  cm; ⅛ x ⅜ inches). Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West ; Maps of the California Gold Region . First edition, the Senate issue, with the astronomical and meteorological observations omitted from the House issue and subsequent editions. Cowan I, pp. , .Cowan II, p. .Edwards, Enduring Desert, pp. -. Graff .Grolier American Hundred . Hill, pp. -. Holliday .Howell , California . Howes F. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Mintz, The Trail . Plains & Rockies IV::.Schwartz & Ehrenberg, The Mapping of America,pp., - . Streeter Sale :“Though the [large folding] map is unsigned, Lt. G. K. Warren in his Memoir, p. (), says ‘it was drawn by Charles Preuss, whose skill in sketching topography in the field and representing it on the map has probably never been surpassed.’ Though the Oregon Trail and the Spanish Trail had been regularly used for a few years there were no dependable maps. For other parts of Frémont’s route, much of the recording of his map was new, including the whole extent of the Sierra Nevada Range, the California rivers from the American River south, and the three Colorado rivers.—TWS.” Tweney, The Washington  #.Walgren, The Scallawagiana Hundred: A Selection of the Hundred Most Important Books about the Mormons and Utah .Walker, A Literary History of Southern California, pp. -:“As the coauthor of Frémont’s report [Jessie Benton Frémont] exerted as much influence on expanding America as any woman of her day.” Zamorano  #. Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West  & II, pp. -: “[Frémont’s report and map] changed the entire picture of the West [and] represented as important a step forward from the earlier western maps of the period as did those of Pike, Long, and Lewis and Clark in their day....[Frémont’s map] represented trustwor- thy direct observation, a new,welcome, and long overdue development in the myth-encrusted cartography of the West. To Frémont and his magnificent map of his Second Expedition all praise. An altogether memo- rable document in the cartographic history of the West, and for it alone Frémont would deserve to be remem- bered in history....This map marked not only the end but the beginning of an era”; Maps of the California Gold Region : “[Frémont’s] large map showing Frémont’s routes, had wide circulation and was used as a base for a number of later maps.... This volume also contains a map, on a scale of three miles to one inch, showing the entire course of the ‘Rio de los Americanos’ from the region of ‘Mountain Lake’ [Lake Tahoe] to its junction

 with the Sacramento, below ‘New Helvetia.’” Wheat points out that the  Frémont-Preuss map served as a basis for the  Frémont-Preuss map (see California :Forty-Nine Maps of California from the Sixteenth Century to the Present n). (,-,)

. FRÉMONT, J[ohn] C[harles] [& Jessie Benton Frémont]. Narrative of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains, in the Year , and to Oregon and North California, in the Years -’. London: Wiley & Putnam, .  pp.,  lithographic plates by Day & Haghe, large folding lithographic map: Map of the Western & Middle Portions of North America, to Illustrate “The History of California, Oregon & the Other Countries. On the North West Coast of America” by Robert Greenhow [below rule]: London, Wiley & Putnam ( x  cm; ⅞ x ¼ inches). vo, orig- inal navy blue blindstamped cloth, spine gilt-lettered. Minor shelf wear (extremities chipped), spine slightly faded, some spotting and staining to covers, hinges cracked, occasional light foxing, old tape repair (approxi- mately  cm) to map at juncture with book block, generally a very good copy, the text for the most part clean and bright, the map excellent except for the tape repair on verso which does not show on the face of the map. Armorial bookplate of Chase. First English edition, an unrecorded issue, similar to Plains & Rockies IV::,but with two additional plates (for a total of four) and without the ads. We have owned a copy of this variant before. Howes F (calling for  plates). Norris . Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West n & vol. II, p.  (stating that the map appeared in Greenhow’s History of Oregon published at Boston in ); Maps of the California Gold Region n (noting that the map appeared in the English and American editions of Greenhow): “This is a beautifully executed map, but added little to cartographical knowledge.” For more on Greenhow,see Howes (G) and Tweney, The Washington  #.The British edition of Frémont, which adds an introduction discussing the Oregon dispute, is printed on much better paper than U.S. editions. The plates were created by one of the largest and most prominent lithographic firms in nineteenth-century England, William Day & Louis Haghe, Lithographers to the Queen (see Tooley,  edition, p. ). The art of lithography in colors was raised to new heights by some of the magnificent and classic plate books that Day & Haghe published, such as Roberts’s monumental Egypt and Nubia (London, -) and Bedford’s Holy Land (London, ). How- ever, the firm’s lithographs are occasionally found in Plains & Rockies titles and Texana, such as the map in Maillard’s The History of the Republic of Texas (London, ) and Houstoun’s Texas and the Gulf of Mexico (Lon- don, ), renowned for its imaginary “Alpine”views of Houston. (-) [e\ J C. F’ Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains...and to Oregon and California can only be described as one of the monumental works of Western exploration. Although preceded by mountain men and immigrants, Frémont opened the West to an entire nation. By accurately describing this vast territory from the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean, his government report became the vade mecum of Manifest Destiny.Its words, maps, and pictures paved the way for future waves of overlanders culminating in the flood tide of the Gold Rush. Historians from Hubert Howe Bancroft (q.v.) to William H. Goetzmann bestowed upon the “Pathfinder” the highest praise for his accomplishments as a scientific explorer. The celebrated savant, Alexander von Humboldt, congratulated Frémont as a geographer and explorer and Brigham Young, the great Mormon prophet, read with keen interest his description of the Salt Lake Valley and its potential as a new Zion. Frémont, as he readily acknowledged, benefited from a superb supporting cast beginning with his wife and amanuensis, Jesse Benton Frémont; his powerful father-in-law, Senator Thomas Hart Benton; and his courageous and knowledgeable scouts and scientists including Kit Carson, Thomas Fitzpatrick, Alexis Godey, and Charles Preuss. His reports and those of his later expeditions made him a national hero and a charismatic symbol of American expansionism. The first Frémont-led expedition of , as documented in this pregnant report, did not have as its mis- sion a trek to the Pacific Coast or California but rather concentrated on investigating the Oregon Trail as far as South Pass. Upon returning and flushed with success, this high-energy officer in the Army Corps of Topo- graphical Engineers immediately made plans for an even more ambitious second expedition. Its purpose was to map the Oregon Trail as far as its Pacific terminus and to connect the coastal surveys made during Com-

 Item . Pass in the Sierra Nevada of California, lithograph from Frémont’s report ().

Item . Lithograph of Pyramid Lake from Frémont’s Report ().

 mander Charles Wilkes’s Great Exploring Expedition of . By the fall of ,Frémont’s mission had achieved its Oregon objective. Greater glory, however, awaited by turning south and heading to California in search of the elusive, mythical Buenaventura River that would hopefully provide a liquid highway similar to the Columbia. Twenty-five men led by Frémont left the Columbia River area on November , and by December reached the Great Basin. At that point, Frémont made the crucial decision to cross the Sierra in winter thus beginning one of the most harrowing journeys in the annals of Western exploration. In January and February of , with the occasional assistance of Native American guides, Frémont’s cavalcade trudged through the Sierra snow following the Truckee River, passing by Lake Tahoe, traveling near Carson Pass, and finally descending the western slope following the American River. All along, Frémont made scien- tific observations amid the most trying conditions. He consistently praised the courage of his half-frozen men, and from the Native Americans encountered he and his men learned to become diggers themselves by eating pine nuts, acorns, grasses, and wild onions. Finally on March , they made it to Sutter’s Fort and sur- vival. Not one man died but the explorer reported: “Out of  horses and mules which we commenced cross- ing the Sierra, only  reached the valley of the Sacramento.” Frémont also left behind a brass canon. After a two week respite at Nueva Helvetia and enjoying Captain John Sutter’s generous hospitality, the expedition set out to explore the Great Central Valley of California. Frémont in his report gave a careful description of the fort, the various agricultural and manufacturing enterprises Sutter had underway,and the assortment of Americans, Europeans, and Native Americans working for him. Frémont’s narrative of the trip down the valley is a naturalist’s dream. He beautifully described the bountiful flora and fauna found along the way,recording the Latin names for each. Flocks of birds, herds of elk, fields of golden poppies, and groves of majestic oak delighted their eyes. At one point they came upon “a most beautiful spot of flower fields” and rode “along through the perfumed air.”Such poetic imagery pointed out the extraordinary poten- tial of this verdant land. On April , the travel-weary Pathfinder recorded the following colorful portrayal of what his multicultural, tatterdemalion expedition looked like: “Our cavalcade made a strange and grotesque appearance...guided by a civilized Indian, attended by two wild ones from the Sierra; a Chinook from the Columbia; and our own mixture of American, French, German—all armed; four or five languages heard at once; above a hundred horses and mules, half wild; American, Spanish and Indian dresses and equipment intermingled—such was our composition.” Thereafter, the quarter-mile-long “procession,” as he called it, headed over Tehachapi Pass, through the Mojave Desert, picked up the Old Spanish Trail, and made it home, concluding an eight-month journey of over , miles. They had achieved an amazing geographic triumph and proved once and for all the nonexistence of the Buenaventura River as an east-west aqueous thoroughfare. The report of Frémont’s grand odyssey, with the judicious help and writing of Jesse, was transformed into a heroic epic of adventure. Published in an edition of , copies for use by the U.S. Senate, the nar- rative was supported by plates, scientific tables, and maps, including a magnificent rendering of the entire trip by Charles Preuss. Without question, it added immensely to the nation’s understanding of the conti- nent and captured the public’s imagination. A New Canaan awaited settlement on the shores of the Pacific. In the near future, it would be avidly read by gold seekers. William Goetzmann, in sizing up the importance of this journey, wrote: “All in all,Frémont’s trek of - had been a great and epic journey, one that would have secured his place in history forever had he done nothing else.” Frémont, as is well known, had many critics who resented his fame and scoffed at the title of “Pathfinder.” Bancroft, however, vigorously defended him stating that the explorer always credited those who had gone before and did not exaggerate his personal successes. The historian superbly put into context the importance of his accom- plishments: “He [Frémont] mentioned over and over again the fact that the trappers or immigrants had everywhere preceded him. His task was altogether different from theirs; it was to explore scientifically a country with which they had been long familiar, but respecting which their knowledge was not available for geographical purposes. He performed his task in a manner creditable to his intelligence and energy; shirked no hardships involved in the performance; and described his achievements with all due modesty. His work was the first and a very important step in the great transcontinental surveys...and for his service as topographical engineer Frémont deserves praise.”

 The text of Frémont’s expeditions was reprinted in his Memoirs of My Life (Chicago and New York: Belford, Clarke & Company, ). Frémont biographer Allan Nevins edited a reprint of the expeditionary text as Narratives of Exploration and Adventure by John Charles Frémont (New York: Longmans, Green & Company, ). The reports of the first two Frémont expeditions were published in The Expeditions of John Charles Fremont: Trav- els from  to  (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, ), edited by Donald Jackson and Mary Lee Spence. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Hubert Howe Bancroft, History of California (San Francisco: The History Company, ), vol. ,pp.-;William Goetzmann, Exploration and Empire, pp. -; Allan Nevins, Frémont: Pathmarker of the West (New York: Longmans, Green and Co., ), pp. -.

 Item . Bret Harte’s The Luck of Roaring Camp. “Bret Harte’s greatest book [and] one of the cornerstones of California literature” (Howell).

 [  ]

HARTE, [Francis] Bret[t] (-). The Luck of Roaring Camp, and Other Sketches. Boston: Fields, Osgood & Co., . iv []  pp. mo, original plum blindstamped cloth, gilt-lettered spine with publisher’s device. Spine a trifle sunned, minor wear to spine tips, generally a near fine copy. Old small discreet India ink own- ership stamps of J. E. Snyder of Troy, New York, on verso of front free endpaper and recto of lower endpa- per; contemporary ink ownership inscription of Mrs. George W.Davies of New Brunswick. With the book is W. C. Van Antwerp’s typed letter signed, dated March , , to Beatrice Simpson Volkmann discussing bibliographical matters relating to Bret Harte and a preliminary typed catalogue of first editions and appearances. First edition. Baird-Greenwood .BAL . Bennett, American Book Collecting, pp. -.Cowan II, p. . Graff .Grolier American Hundred . Hart, Companion to California, p. :“The first of his local- color stories of life in the mines.” Holliday .Howell , California : “Bret Harte’s greatest book [and] one of the cornerstones of California literature.” Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Johnson, High Spots of American Literature, p. .LC,California Centennial . Nor- ris .Powell, California Classics, pp. -. Streeter Sale .Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier, pp. , , , . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush .Wright III:. Zamorano  #.(-)

. HARTE, [Francis] Bret[t]. The Luck of Roaring Camp, and Other Sketches. Boston: Fields, Osgood & Co., . iv []  pp. mo, original plum blindstamped cloth, gilt-lettered spine with publisher’s device. Spine a bit light and tips slightly worn, generally very fine and fresh. With author’s original autograph letter relat- ing to publication of this book, signed and written in purple ink on stationery of The Overland Monthly with engraved illustration of bear, to Fields, Osgood & Co.: “...I shall endeavor to send copy for the projected book by Decem. st....I am quite satisfied with the terms you have already indicated. I propose to call the volume ‘Roaring Camp and Other Camps; being Sketches of California Life and Character.’” Second American edition, with the added short story “Brown of Calaveras” (not present in first edition). BAL . (-)

. HARTE, [Francis] Bret[t]. The Luck of Roaring Camp: A Story by Bret Harte.... San Francisco: [Grabhorn Press for] Ransohoff, .[]  [] pp.,  large illustrations including divisional title in gold, colored by Mal- lette Dean. Folio, original maroon cloth over maroon boards lettered and decorated on front cover, paper spine label printed in gold. Binding slightly faded, otherwise very fine. Limited edition ( copies), introduction by Oscar Lewis. Grabhorn (-) #.(-) [e\ B H, with the publication of The Luck of Roaring Camp, created the popular perception of the Califor- nia Gold Rush. His stories of rambunctious yet gentle forty-niners, slick gamblers, stagecoach drivers, and naughty ladies made the “Days of old, days of gold, the days of ’” come alive for reading audiences for generations. Gary Scharnhorst, Harte’s most current biographer, in assessing his powerful influence wrote: “More than any other writer, Bret Harte was at the forefront of western American literature, paving the way for writers such as Mark Twain, Joaquin Miller, Ina Coolbrith, Prentice Mulford, and Charles Warren Stod- dard.” California historian Andrew Rolle, in describing the impact of Harte’s short stories wrote, “He did for the miner what Owen Wister later did for the cowboy.” A native of Albany, New York, Harte came to California in the early s, actually mined for gold, worked as an expressman, taught school, set type, and contributed articles to San Francisco’s Golden Era. He received his first major break when bookseller and publisher Anton Roman hired the up-and-coming writer to edit a new literary magazine, the Overland Monthly. Roman envisioned the Overland as the West Coast’s answer to the Atlantic Monthly. To help supply copy for the fledgling monthly, Harte, as many editors do and did, contributed his own material. For the second issue, published in August , he unveiled “The Luck of

 Roaring Camp.” While the story about the offspring (The Luck) of Cherokee Sal (a prostitute) raised some Victorian eyebrows, it became a literary “blockbuster.” Harte followed this up with several other stories with Gold Rush settings, including “The Outcasts of Poker Flat” and “Tennessee Partner.” Using paradox as a device, his rough-hewn Dickensian characters often displayed hearts of gold and moments of tenderness. The Overland also published much of his poetry including “Plain Language from Truthful James,” a misun- derstood sympathetic piece on the Chinese that became best known as “The Heathen Chinee.” Harte had emerged as bright star on the literary horizon and he entered into a contract to publish a selec- tion of his Gold Rush stories in book form. He completed the preface on Christmas Eve, , and early in , Fields, Osgood of Boston published the anthology under the general title of The Luck of Roaring Camp. It included eight sketches, three stories, and four “fugitive pieces” from his “Bohemian Papers,” many of which had appeared previously in the Overland Monthly. A highly complimentary review appeared in the San Francisco Daily Alta California for May , . In describing “the dainty and attractive volume,” the reviewer stressed Harte’s realism and faithfulness to history in capturing the flavor of the times. “In the domain of fiction,” enthused the reviewer, “there never has been anything so honestly and so well done for any locality, as what Mr. Harte had done for California. It will be long before anything better is done anywhere.” That same year, the Atlantic Monthly hired away this California celebrity making him the highest paid writer in America. With this prestigious post, Harte left the land of golden dreams never to return and never again to reach such prominence. Because of these stories, Harte has been both praised and scorned and has fallen in and out of vogue. On the one hand, through the use of “local color” he called international attention to California and its young, lusty history. Furthermore, he single-handedly gave California its own mythology, and in so doing, has been credited with establishing the “Western” as a genre. Even Hollywood transformed his characters into televi- sion programs and movies. Reflecting his importance in American literature, such literary titans as Wallace Stegner and Walter Van Tilburg Clark have contributed introductions to twentieth-century editions of Harte. Modern anthologies of Western writing invariably include an example of his Roaring Camp sketches. On the other hand, his detractors pummel his characters and plots for being too saccharine, overly romantic, and formulaic. Furthermore, revisionist historians wanting to smash the myth of the California Gold Rush are, in reality, assaulting the Harte-created stereotype. Nonetheless, as so ably pointed out by Dr. Scharn- horst, Bret Harte paved the way. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Walter Van Tilburg Clark, Foreword to Bret Harte: Stories of the Early West (New York: Platt & Munk, ); Lawrence Clark Powell, California Classics (Los Angeles: The Ward Ritchie Press, ), pp. -; Andrew Rolle, California: A History (New York: Thomas Y.Crowell, ), p. ; Gary Scharnhorst, Introduction to The Luck of Roaring Camp and Other Writings (New York: Penguin Classics, ); Franklin Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier,pp.-.

 Item . Van Antwerp’s letter to Beatrice Simpson Volkmann discussing bibliographical matters relating to Bret Harte.

 Item . Superb copy in original wrappers of Hastings’s superlatively rare Emigrants’ Guide to Oregon and California—“the first California guide book” (Howes) and “the most controversial and fought-over guidebook associated with California and the American West” (Kurutz). [  ]

HASTINGS, Lansford W[arren] (-). The Emigrants’ Guide, to Oregon and California, Containing Scenes and Incidents of a Party of Oregon Emigrants; a Description of Oregon; Scenes and Incidents of a Party of California Emigrants; and a Description of California; with a Description of the Different Routes to Those Countries; and All Necessary Information Relative to the Equipment, Supplies, and the Method of Traveling. By [the] Leader of the Oregon and California Emigrants of . Cincinnati: Published by George Conclin, Stereotyped by Shepard & Co., .  pp. vo, original brown printed wrappers, title within typographical ornamental border (original upper wrapper obtained by Warren R. Howell from the Mizner family, descendants of General James Semple, brother of Robert Sem- ple, who traveled to California with the Hastings party [see Hart, Companion to California, p. ]; ownership inscription of James Semple in pencil on upper wrapper, and printed date of  on wrapper erased; note of authentication regarding the wrappers signed by Warren R. Howell). Slight wear to wrappers and an occa- sional trace of foxing, else very fine, and so described by John Howell–Books in their California Catalogue (:). Contemporary signature of George Ayres (or possibly Myres) on title, dated “Aug. ,’.” Preserved in a full crimson morocco fleece-lined folding box. Another book from the Daniel G. Volkmann collection with splendid provenance: the James Semple–Jennie Crocker Henderson–Warren R. Howell copy. This book is a true rarity of Western Americana and Californiana, difficult to find in any condition (the  God- chaux census located only  copies). First edition of “the first California guide book” (Howes). American Imprints :. Bradford .Cowan I, p. : “One of the earliest works on the overland route.” Cowan II, p. . Doheny Sale . Graff : “The earliest important guide.” Hill, p. n. Holliday .Howell , California  (illustrated, p. ): “Rare and celebrated.” Howes H (“superlatively rare”). Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Jones  & vol. ,p. (title illustrated). Libros Californianos (Wagner list), p. . Mintz, The Trail . Plains & Rockies IV::. Smith . Streeter Sale : “One of the first and most famous of the ‘overlands’ to the Pacific.—TWS.” Tweney, The Washington  # (illustrated at p. ): “One of the most famous—and at the same time, controversial—overland guides to the Pacific Coast.” Zamorano  #.For post–Gold Rush editions of Hastings’s Emigrants’ Guide, see Kurutz, The California Gold Rush . (,-,) [e\ The Emigrants’ Guide, because of the disaster suffered by the Donner-Reed party in , is the most contro- versial and fought-over guidebook associated with California and the American West. Historians of the Don- ner tragedy have routinely condemned Hastings for suggesting the harsh desert route that delayed the ill-fated emigrants. California history’s giant, Hubert Howe Bancroft, pronounced the guidebook as “worth- less” and the great Bernard DeVoto opined that Hastings was a “smart young man who wrote a book without knowing what he was talking about.” Other publications, including the latest edition of The Plains & the Rock- ies, have softened the criticism of this agent of Manifest Destiny concluding that “Historical hindsight has dealt harshly with Hastings, particularly for having promoted an unknown cutoff south of Salt Lake.” West- ern guidebook historian Thomas F. Andrews reevaluated Hastings and recognized the worth of his book in providing practical advice on outfitting a trip to California. More recently, overland historian Will Bagley, after a thorough analysis of the author and his motives, concluded that the record will “reveal a man whose ruthless ambition blinded him to reality. Lansford W. Hastings was a scoundrel.” Bagley went on to write, “The Emigrants’ Guide contained useful information about preparing for an overland crossing, but as a trail guide, it was a disaster. The book was flawed by misinformation.” What cannot be denied, however, is that The Emigrants’ Guide exercised a powerful influence on Hastings’s intended audience, the potential settler from the United States. After a trip to California and Oregon in , the eager and opportunistic Hastings headed east, published his guidebook in Cincinnati, and went on the lecture circuit to tout this western Canaan. Hastings, a man, as Bagley put it, of “obvious charisma and per- sonal likeability,” had big plans for California, believing that it should follow in the footsteps of Texas and

 break away from Mexico, with himself, of course, playing a lead role. By flooding the region with Ameri- cans, he would establish a new republic or, at the very least, secure the Pacific territory for the United States. The buckskin-clad promoter painted a rosy picture of the potential of California while at the same time denigrating, in typical Yankee terms, its Spanish and Indian population. It was also his hope to deflect set- tlers from Oregon to California by describing a new route, the untested Hastings Cutoff. As it turned out, this would-be Sam Houston had no personal knowledge of his namesake shortcut, relying instead on secondhand information. This trail across Utah and Nevada’s forbidding desert turned out to be the route followed by the Donners. Following the discovery of gold, frantic Argonauts eagerly devoured copies of The Emigrants’ Guide even though it did not include that essential item, a map. Using stereotyped plates, publisher George Conclin reprinted the guide five times in the late s under the new title A New History of Oregon and California. Again, while providing realistic information on what kind of equipment, food, and animals to take along, as a speedy trail guide to the gold fields the repackaged and mapless guide proved to be wanting. Further, it suffered from not being updated in the rush to sell copies. The  edition did, however, include R. B. Mason’s report on the gold fields and a description of a new route that went through Mexico. Despite its lack of current infor- mation, even Joseph E. Ware, the author of the most popular and complete Gold Rush guidebook, drew heavily from its contents. By , the book inextricably linked with the horrors of the Donner Party, had been printed nine times. Robert H. Becker, in the fourth edition of Wagner-Camp’s The Plains and the Rockies, provides an excellent description of the various editions of Hastings. Princeton University Press reprinted the  first edition in , Da Capo Press of New York in , and The Narrative Press of Santa Barbara in . —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Thomas F. Andrews, “The Controversial Hastings Overland Guide: A Reassessment,” Pacific Historical Review : (February ), pp. -;Will Bagley, “Lansford Warren Hast- ings: Scoundrel or Visionary?” Overland Journal : (), pp. -.

 Item . Selected text from “one of the first and most famous of the ‘overlands’ to the Pacific” (Streeter). Item . Hittell’s Adventures of James Capen Adams, illustrated by Charles Nahl. “The most famous bear book associated with the Golden State” (Kurutz).

 [  ]

HITTELL, Theodore H[enry] (-). The Adventures of James Capen Adams, Mountaineer and Grizzly Bear Hunter, of California. San Francisco: Towne and Bacon, Printers and Publishers, .  pp., engraved frontis- piece portrait of author,  engraved plates by Eastman and Loomis after drawings by Charles Nahl. vo, original brown blindstamped cloth, spine gilt-lettered. Head of spine neatly reinforced with matching cloth, tear on front free endpaper, otherwise very fine. This book, which Hanna described as “a thriller of the six- ties” in the Zamorano  bibliography, was so popular and avidly read that it is exceedingly difficult to locate a copy in fine condition that has not been “read to death.” Bookplates of noted collector, author, and professor of medicine Dr. Roger K. Larson and bibliographer extraordinaire, historian, and author Robert Ernest Cowan (see Talbot, Historic California in Book Plates, where Cowan’s bookplate is illustrated as frontispiece & p. : “Etched in tones of ivory and palest sepia by the artist, Lawrence Scammon, the bookplate is a faithful rep- resentation of the packet San Cárlos, which figured in the sea expedition for the colonization of California in San Diego in ”). First edition. Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. . Currey & Kruska, Yosemite :“A Boston edition was issued later the same year.” Graff .Greenwood . Holliday .Howell , California .Howes H. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Jones . Plains & Rockies IV::.Rocq . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush . Zamorano  #.(-,) [e\ As   Theodore Hittell, The Adventures of James Capen Adams is the ultimate outdoor adventure story in California history, centering on a man who would have made Daniel Boone and Davy Crockett proud. It is certainly the most famous bear book associated with the Golden State. Bibliographer Robert E. Cowan declared this thrilling story “Probably the most popular work of its time issued in California.” As a result of this book, “Grizzly” Adams and his incredible menagerie of High Sierra beasts became a sensation first in San Francisco, and then, under the auspices of P.T.Barnum, in New York City. The genesis of this publication is one of the great stories of authorship and is wonderfully recorded by Hit- tell in the  edition of his book. In October , Hittell, then a young writer for the San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, saw a placard on a basement door on the south side of Clay, near Leidesdorff Street, adver- tising the “Mountaineer Museum.” The curious correspondent descended the stairs and his eyes must have widened considerably as he saw an animal show that featured three bears named Sampson, Ben Franklin, and Lady Washington and an assortment of bear cubs, eagles, cougars, elk, and other beasts. This menagerie of California fauna was amazingly located in the middle of a city block. Sampson, a three-quarter ton griz- zly, was the star attraction. Hittell, in the middle of this extraordinary display, spotted the wiry, bearded, buckskin-clad owner named James Capen Adams and engaged him in conversation. Remarkably, Adams seemed to have perfect control over his bears, and at one point, rode Ben Franklin around the museum. “My interest,” Hittell related, “became thoroughly aroused.” Clearly,Hittell saw in Adams and his animal friends literary gold and began a series of articles for the Bulletin and then determined to do a full-scale book. Between July  and December , the mountain man told the eager journalist his life story concerning his adventures hunting, capturing, and taming wild animals in the West and High Sierra. From these notes, Hittell turned Adams’s life story into a book-length manuscript in the winter of -. Interestingly,Hit- tell wrote the story in the first-person as if it were an autobiography by the mountain man. In , the distinguished San Francisco printers Towne and Bacon produced the -page book for Hit- tell. That same year, Crosby, Nichols, Lee and Company of Boston also published the book. Francis P. Far- quhar, that relentless bibliographer, did an extensive study of this fascinating title and determined that the San Francisco imprint is the true first edition. Farquhar believed the Boston edition was produced from stereotyped plates created in San Francisco and sent to H. O. Houghton for printing. Houghton is listed on the verso of the title page of the Boston edition as the printer. The Adventures of James Capen Adams was printed again in . Hittell himself revealed that because of business troubles occasioned by the Civil War, the

 “publication was discontinued and the book went ‘out of print.’” In , using the same stereotype plates, the title was reissued under the imprint of Crosby and Ainsworth of Boston and Oliver S. Felt of New York. Charles Scribner & Sons published a new edition in  with an introduction by Hittell. The twelve illustrations created by Gold Rush artist Charles Christian Nahl beautifully complement Hit- tell’s word pictures. The San Francisco engravers Eastman and Loomis transformed Nahl’s drawings into woodcuts. Nahl depicted Adams in a variety of activities ranging from engaging in mortal combat with a towering elk to walking calmly alongside the grizzly Ben Franklin. The later printings included these charm- ing illustrations. Recently,the Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley,acquired a manuscript consisting of Hittell’s transcriptions of his interviews with Adams. The -page manuscript is marked on the final page “Notes of Conversations with James C. Adams.” —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Francis P.Farquhar, “The Grizzly Bear Hunter of California,” in Essays for Henry R. Wagner (San Francisco: The Grabhorn Press, ), pp. -;Tracy I. Storer and Lloyd P.Tevis Jr., California Grizzly (Berkeley: University of California Press, ), pp. -, -.

 [  ] HITTELL, Theodore H[enry] (-). History of California. San Francisco: [vol. ] Pacific Press Publish- ing House & Occidental Publishing, ;[vols. ,  & ]: N. J. Stone & Company, .  +  +  +  pp.  vols., large vo, original full sheep, red and black morocco spine labels, edges and endpapers mar- bled. Fragile sheep bindings worn (head of spine of vol.  chipped, some small areas with peeling), text very clean. Ex-library, with purple ink stamps and old manuscript ink call numbers of the Oak Grove District Library in Sonoma. First edition, mixed set (first printing of vols. ,  & ; second printing of vol. ). Vols.  &  appeared first; vols.  and  appeared in  after Stone took over publication. The  edition was followed immediately by an  printing. Barrett, Baja California .Cowan I, pp. -.Cowan II, p. n (citing the  edition). Holliday .Howell , California .Howes H. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Norris , .Rocq  (citing the  edition). Zamorano  #. ( vols.) (-) [e\ R E. C, in his A Bibliography of California and the Pacific West proclaimed Hittell’s four-volume work “The best history of California within reasonable proportions.” Hittell, a highly respected San Francisco attorney and author, had worked on this stupendous history survey for a quarter of a century. The finished product was compared in monumentality to the works of Francis Parkman and George Bancroft, and in many circles considered superior to H. H. Bancroft’s seven-volume History of California. Even today it remains an essential and frequently consulted reference. The author of several legal treatises and the popular The Adventures of James Capen Adams (q.v.), Hittell began writing his ,-page history in . He methodically plowed through the three hundred volumes of the Archive of California, a fortunate occurrence since the  San Francisco Earthquake and Fire destroyed this precious resource. This archive as well as dozens of published accounts provided the founda- tion for the first two volumes. Published in  by Pacific Press Publishing House and Occidental Publishing Company, after fourteen years of “gigantic toil,” they focused on the Spanish and Mexican periods and the conquest of California. Twelve years later, Hittell finished the final two volumes and N. J. Stone took over its publication. The third volume dealt with the Gold Rush and mining, history of San Francisco, Joaquín Muri- eta and his bandits, the California Filibusters, and growth of the state; while the fourth covered political his- tory since  and featured biographies of all the governors. Most importantly, Hittell crowned this con- cluding volume with an invaluable index to the entire work. Curiously, though, he did not write an introduction or preface and did not include a bibliography. The third volume with its emphasis on the Golden Era is Hittell at his finest. This was a narrative of times and events that he knew firsthand, and consequently,is a delight to read with its colorful and amusing descrip- tions of life in the gold camps. A review in the Overland Monthly for November , in describing his treatment of this rough-and-tumble period, provided a wonderful analysis that is as true today as it was then: “With admirable fairness he draws his picture of the early miner, not making him the demi-god of fiction, not the cutthroat he has been accused of being, but a man, full of the strange contradictions caused by the unique conditions of the times.” Reviews in the Overland Monthly, Land of Sunshine, and Chicago Inter Ocean praised the work not only for its erudition but also for its readability. In fact, it was touted as something that “should be in all school libraries” and for “thrilling home reading.” It received the endorsement of the educational community. Upon receiv- ing his four-volume set, John Muir said that he “read it from beginning to end with enthusiastic delight.” To promote sales, Stone issued a fifteen-page pamphlet giving a short history of the project and a litany of con- gratulatory statements. Comparisons, of course, have been made with H. H. Bancroft’s seven-volume history.Hittell emerges as a “biblio-hero” of sorts for working alone and doing all his own research and writing. This contrasted sharply

 Item . Hittell’s History of California. “The best history of California within reasonable proportions” (Cowan).

 with Bancroft’s History Company.Charles F.Lummis, in his magazine, The Land of Sunshine, took a direct slap at Bancroft’s methodology: “It [Hittell’s] is a monumental work...for in place of hiring irresponsible reporters to do the work, while the ‘historian’ [Bancroft] slaps it together, this fine old type of ripened man and scholar has done this life-work himself, and is responsible for it, not only upon the title page but in fact. That is to say, he knows his own details, instead of guessing that someone else knows them.” On the other hand, Bancroft’s voluminous footnotes and authorities quoted represent an invaluable aid to research. As advertised in the N. J. Stone Company pamphlet, the publisher sold the royal octavo volumes by sub- scription and “printed from clear, beautiful new type upon stout, well finished, super calendar paper.” Stone offered four binding styles ranging from cloth at . a set to full turkey morocco with beveled boards and gilt edges for .. New editions were issued in  and . —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : In Memoriam: Theodore Henry Hittell (San Francisco: California Academy of Sci- ences, ); [prospectus] History of California by Theodore H. Hittell (San Francisco: N. J. Stone & Co., ); Review of vols.  &  in Overland Monthly , Second Series (October ), pp. -;Review of vol.  in Overland Monthly , Second Series (November ), p. ;Review in The Land of Sunshine, : (October ), p. .

Item . Hittell’s History of California, opening with reference to Sergas de Esplandián, the first printed book to contain the name “California.”

 Item . Hoffman’s Reports of Land Cases: “A very rare book, as well as quite an important one. It was only in January, , that I was able to complete my holdings of The Zamorano Eighty by the purchase of this volume” (Streeter). [  ]

HOFFMAN, Ogden (-). Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. June Term, ,to June Term, ,Inclusive...Volume I [all published]. San Francisco: Numa Hubert, Pub- lisher, . vii [] []-,  pp. Large vo, original full law sheep, red and black leather spine labels. Some cover wear,hinges strengthened but back hinge cracked, some soiling and staining (primarily to margins at back of book), typed list of cases tipped in at back, some old manuscript annotations in appendix. Half red morocco slipcase. First edition. Cowan II, p. . Graff .Greenwood .Howell , California n :“A classic of Cali- fornia history.” Howes H. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Norris :“Very rare.” Streeter Sale :“Though one would not suspect that this rather thick volume of reports of law cases was at all rare, it is in fact a very rare book, as well as quite an important one. For many years before the publication of The Zamorano Eighty in ,I had been assembling a collection of Californiana, but it was only in January, , that I was able to complete my holdings of The Zamorano Eighty by the purchase of this volume.—TWS.” Zamorano  #.(,-,) [e\ J H’ massive legal tome is the consummate early source of information on land ownership in California from the Spanish and Mexican era. The Reports of Land Cases contains the decisions he made on appeals from the Board of Land Commissioners and is packed with valuable historical data on just about every major land grant bestowed by Spanish and Mexican governors. Hoffman presents  cases, along with an appendix listing  land claims filed with the Land Commission, and his volume of opinion provides an essen- tial starting point for understanding a sad and unjust chapter in American legal history as the Californios strug- gled to hold on to their ranchos before courts with little knowledge or sympathy for Mexican law and customs. President Millard Fillmore appointed Hoffman as the first Judge of the U.S. District Court for the northern district of California. The son of the influential senior Ogden Hoffman, he was only twenty-nine at the time of his appointment in .A Harvard law graduate, young Hoffman came to California in May , established his practice in San Francisco, and quickly demonstrated his judicial prowess. In the capacity of appellate judge, he presided over the most important decisions concerning land ownership in California history. Literally, the fate of millions of acres rested with his court. The José Y. Limantour case, located at the end of this volume, records his most important opinion. The Frenchman’s claim of , acres encompassed much of the city of San Francisco plus the islands in San Francisco Bay.The judge’s opinion detailing Limantour’s fraudulent testi- mony and forged documents provides a splendid history of that celebrated land grab. Because of the case’s sen- sationalism, Hoffman’s opinion was published separately as a fifty-eight-page pamphlet in . The opinions Judge Hoffman wrote concerning the land grants are remarkable for their lucidity and lack of legalese. Oscar Tully Shuck in his History of the Bench and Bar of California held the judge in awe, writing: “In facility of diction, the art of expression, Judge Hoffman has no peer in this State. His reported opinions are models of style as well as rich food for the student of law.” At the time of his death in , he had served forty years on the bench and was acclaimed as one of California’s greatest judges. In addition to the material on land cases, Hoffman’s publisher, Numa Hubert, added a useful section of short biographies of Spanish and Mexican governors from Gaspar de Portolá to Pío Pico. The distinguished pioneer firm of Towne and Bacon printed the work. Hubert published only one volume. Thomas W.Streeter, in his famous auction catalogue, revealed that he completed his Zamorano  collection with the acquisition of Hoffman. Yosemite Collections published a facsimile edition of  copies in  with an introduction by California legal historian Kenneth M. Johnson. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Kenneth M. Johnson, Introduction to facsimile edition of Report of Land Cases (N.p.: Yosemite Collections, ); Oscar T.Shuck, History of the Bench and Bar of California (Los Angeles: Commercial Printing House, ), pp. -.

 Item . Ide’s Biographical Sketch of the leader of the Bear Flag Revolt. The first book on the subject, and an “important source...”

 [  ]

[IDE, Simeon (-)]. A Biographical Sketch of the Life of William B. Ide: With a Minute and Interesting Account of One of the Largest Emigrating Companies ( Miles Over Land), from the East to the Pacific Coast. And What Is Claimed As the Most Authentic and Reliable Account of “The Virtual Conquest of California, in June, ,by the Bear Flag Party,” As Given by Its Leader, the Late Hon. William Brown Ide. [Claremont, New Hampshire]: Published for the Subscribers, []. [, half-title: Scraps of California History Never Before Published, verso blank]  [,“The Inscription”] pp. mo, original brown cloth with decoration and ruling in black, upper cover gilt-lettered. Minor shelf wear and a bit of chipping to endpapers, old ink-stamped number on copyright page, interior very fine and clean, overall a fine copy, signed by author in pencil on front flyleaf: “Editor Boston Traveler, with the Respects of Simeon Ide.” Front pastedown with bookplate of Monsignor Joseph M. Gleason (see Talbot, Historic California in Book Plates,p. [illustrated] & p. ). A very scarce book—as early as ,Josiah Royce (q.v.) referred to Ide’s book as “uncommon” (p. ). First edition of “the first book dealing exclusively with the Bear Flag Revolt” (LC, California Centennial n). Two variants followed this first printing (see Streeter Sale , , ,for good collations and distin- guishing features of the three incarnations). Blumann & Thomas .Cowan I, pp. , -.Cowan II, p. . Eberstadt, Modern Narratives of the Plains and the Rockies . Graff . Hill, p. . Holliday .How- ell , California .Howes I. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Jones .LC,California Centennial . Mintz, The Trail : “One source [states] only eighty copies were printed.” Norris . Streeter Sale : “Interesting account of the overland journey of  and important source on the beginnings of American rule in California in .” Zamorano  # (J. Gregg Layne): “The edition was small and copies are now extremely rare.” (,-,)

. IDE, Simeon. The Conquest of California: A Biography of William B. Ide...with Map and Illustrations.... Oakland: [Printed at The Grabhorn Press, San Francisco, for] Biobooks, .[]  [] pp., frontispiece, plates, folding colored map (Map of Sonoma County California ). vo, original maize cloth over red boards, printed paper spine label. Very fine. With laid-in typewritten note on San Francisco bookseller Newbegin’s printed stationery,exhibiting creative and bold bookselling: “May , .With this note I am sending you a copy of the new Grabhorn Press item CONQUEST OF CALIFORNIA. Of course the item may be returned in [case] you do not wish to retain it, but as the supply was limited I did not wish you to be overlooked.” Lower pastedown with Newbegin’s small gilt and cream printed label. Limited edition ( copies), with foreword by Joseph A. Sullivan and added material. Grabhorn (-) #. (-) [e\ S I, in assembling and printing these “scraps of history” about William Brown Ide, wanted to establish his brother’s place in history.He believed that too much credit and attention had been given to John C. Frémont (q.v.).For a short-lived period of twenty-two days, William Ide, one of the leaders of the famed Bear Flag Revolt of June , , became “Commander-in-Chief ” of the California Republic. Even with its adulatory,self-serv- ing purpose, Simeon’s book contains a wealth of firsthand information on the activities of the Bear Flaggers, the capture of Sonoma and General Mariano Vallejo, establishment of a so-called republic, and the final conquest of California by the United States with the aid of a group of hardened, roughneck volunteers known as the Cal- ifornia Battalion under Frémont. In addition, this sextodecimo includes biographical information on the pio- neer before his arrival in California, an account of his overland trek from Illinois in  written by his daughter Sarah E. Healey, and information on his life in Tehama County following the conquest. In the final analysis, although motivated by family pride and deep acrimony directed at a more successful self-promoter in Frémont, Simeon’s publication remains as a significant record of the Americanization of California. Certainly the central theme that Simeon wanted to promote was his brother’s George Washington–like role in establishing the “California Republic.” The key document that accounts for the book’s importance is

 “President” Ide’s own narrative of the Bear Flag Revolt and its aftermath in a letter he wrote to Senator W. W. Wambough before his death in .Additionally, it offers important documentation on the feelings and suspicions of American settlers on the eve of the uprising. Many feared expulsion or death at the hands of the Californios. In appraising the value of the Wambough letter, Hubert Howe Bancroft (q.v.), gave it high marks: “This is by far the most important part of the work. In many respects it is a more complete record than any other narrative. It is most eloquently though quaintly written. This letter, however, is a piece of special pleading, everywhere colored by a violent prejudice, sometimes amounting to a mania, against Frémont, whom Ide honestly believed to have robbed him of his fame as a conqueror and founder of a republic.” The Ide’s family obsession with the “Pathfinder,” however, did not take into account or credit the role of invading U.S. army and naval forces or the leadership of other “conquerors of California” such as Robert F.Stockton or Stephen Watts Kearny. This was not a reprise of Lexington and Concord or the Battle of San Jacinto. There has been much debate over the importance of the insurrection and “President” Ide. The revolt itself may simply be considered as symbolic, having been swept aside by Frémont and U.S. forces. Or, it may be characterized by some as an isolated incident carried out by an intoxicated rabble out to buck authority and raise Cain. Regardless, it is doubtful if Ide would have become the “father” of an “Inde- pendent Bear Flag Nation.” Historian Sharon A. Brown, in a careful review of primary sources including the testimony of Bear Flaggers, concluded that Ide’s authority was not taken seriously and they viewed

Item . Author’s signed presentation copy. him as an “idealist” and “policy maker” and not as a military leader. Bancroft stated that Ide was chosen as the “temporary” leader because of his zeal and his fellow insurgents simply indulged his “harmless eccentricities” paying but slight attention to him. While several of the “Bears” or “Osos” enjoyed Vallejo’s wine and brandy, the Sam Houston pretender penned articles of capitulation and issued a florid procla- mation declaring the birth of a republican government in Alta California. When Commodore John Drake Sloat landed in Monterey and raised the stars and stripes on July , the situation immediately changed from a revolution to an invasion. With professional U.S. military forces on hand and Joseph Warren Revere (q.v.) raising the American flag over the Sonoma Plaza, the growling republic came to a whimpering end with the Bears joining Frémont’s California Battalion. Ide, the former “president,” deeply resented Fré- mont’s shoving him aside and giving him the rank of a lowly private in a volunteer army. His Texas-size dreams of glory had ended in humiliation. Because of his brother’s book, however, the memory of Ide as California’s only president has not been forgotten. On May , , the State of California further enshrined this pioneer by dedicating the William B. Ide Adobe State Historical Monument in Red Bluff, Tehama County. The bibliographic history of Simeon Ide’s immortalization of his brother is as complex as the history as the revolt itself. In describing the making of this book, the eighty-six-year-old Granite State printer said: “I spent upwards of two years in its production, set it into type myself, did all the proofreading and correcting, printed it on my ‘toy’ printing press, attended to the making of its plates and forms, and even to folding and gathering the sheets ready for the binder.” The discovery or appearance of the Wambough letter caused the project to be suspended until it could be incorporated. As explained in his preface, he alludes to having

 previously sent off “proof-slips” to family members without this new information. At least three variants of A Biographical Sketch are known. In , Simeon also produced another publication, Who Conquered California? (his brother, of course), which is a partially reset, abridged version of A Biographical Sketch, with a new preface but without the Ide family history and the overland narratives. It also included some textual changes and new material covering Ide’s tour with Frémont. Three variants of this title are known to exist. In , the Rio Grande Press of Glorieta, New Mexico, reprinted in one volume A Biographical Sketch and Who Conquered California? with a foreword by Governor Ronald Reagan and introduction by Professor Ben- jamin Franklin Gilbert. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Bancroft, History of California (San Francisco: The History Company, ), vol. ,pp.- and vol. ,pp.-; Sharon A. Brown, “Historical Perceptions: The Controversy Sur- rounding William Brown Ide,” Dogtown Territorial Quarterly  and  (Winter  and Spring ), part ,pp. -, -, -, and part ,pp.-;Fred Blackburn Rogers, William Brown Ide: Bear Flagger (San Francisco: John Howell–Books, ).

 Item . Helen Hunt Jackson’s Ramona. “The literary document most important in its influence on the growth of the Spanish tradition in Southern California was the immensely popular Ramona”(Walker).

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JACKSON, Helen [Maria Fiske Hunt] (-). Ramona. A Story. By Helen Jackson (H. H.).... Boston: Roberts Brothers, .[]  [, ads] pp. mo, original slate green cloth decorated in gilt and brown, spine gilt- lettered, floral endpapers. Binding with a few stains and moderate shelf wear (spine tips frayed), four small stains and abrasions on front pastedown where a bookplate was removed, front hinge weak, thin diagonal strip (approximately . x  cm) of lower corner of rear endpaper torn away, overall a good to very good copy. First edition. BAL . Baird-Greenwood . Bennett, American Book Collecting, pp. -.Cowan I, pp. -.Cowan II, p. n. Edwards, Enduring Desert, p. .Howell , California . Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Johnson, High Spots of American Literature, pp. -.LC,California Centennial .Powell, California Classics, pp. -; Land of Fiction: Thirty-Two Novels and Stories about Southern California from “Ramona” to “The Loved One” #. Streeter Sale .Walker, Literary History of Southern California,pp.-:“The construction of a synthetic Spanish California past was neither more reprehensible nor unnatural than the manufacturing of legends about the Pilgrim Fathers or the building of a tradition of an ideal Southern chivalry.In Southern California, however, the process of creating a past was perhaps more rapidly achieved and can be more clearly traced than elsewhere. The literary document most important in its influence on the growth of the Spanish tradition in Southern California was the immensely popular Ramona.... Appearing in , just before the spectacular boom, it created a nation-wide interest in Southern California, and it served as a sort of romantic guidebook during the tourist rush. There was a great deal of the ironic in the influence of Ramona: written as a fictionalized sermon to elicit help for the American Indians, it was accepted as an idealization of all things Spanish; presented as an attack on contemporary con- ditions in the Ramona country, it was accepted as idealization of the past.... In writing Ramona [Jackson] was motivated not by a desire to create a romantic past or to make money but to point out what she considered to be a disgraceful injustice.” Wright III:. Zamorano  #. See Notable American Women II, pp. -. (-) [e\ I  the importance of Jackson’s novel, Lawrence Clark Powell wrote: “Ramona was the first novel about Southern California. Today, nearly a century after its publication, it remains the best California book of its kind—an historical romance of a vanished way of life.” Over the decades it has been praised as one of the best American historical novels, and according to the San Francisco Chronicle, “It is the greatest story of Cal- ifornia ever written.” If ever a book gave California a sense of nostalgia, it was Ramona. The sad plight of Southern California’s mission Indians inspired the author of A Century of Dishonor to write this novel. In the early s, she spent much time wandering through the area’s backcountry observing their condition, interviewing holdovers from California’s Hidalgo culture, and touring the ruined yet pictur- esque missions and ranchos. It had been her hope to create a California version of Uncle Tom’s Cabin. She had already written extensively about the area and its native population for Century Magazine, and in , with Abbott Kinney, she produced a report for the federal government on their needs. Consequently, her novel was based solidly on research and personal experience. After four months of furious toil, she completed her novel on March , , and sent it off for serialization in the Christian Union. It was then rushed into book form for the holiday market. She gave her story the somber-sounding title of “In the Name of the Law” but changed it to Ramona. As is well documented, Jackson’s best-seller did not have its intended purpose in improving the lot of the Indian but instead created an entire tourist industry. It did more to promote Southern California than just about any booster publication. Readers mistook her sad story of injustice as a tender love story and as a recre- ation of a mythical Arcadian paradise. The story of Ramona and her lover Alessandro became a fairy tale and not a message of reform. Enchanted Easterners flocked to the missions, toured old adobes, and made pil- grimages to places like “Ramona’s Wedding Place” in San Diego. The continued popularity of the Ramona Pageant in Hemet attests to the magnetism of this novel.

 Not surprisingly, many editions of Ramona have been published. Noteworthy later productions include the Monterey Edition () with a fine introduction by Susan Coolidge and illustrations by Henry Sandham, and the Pasadena Edition () with photographic illustrations by A. C. Vroman, the noted amateur photographer. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Valerie Sherer Mathes, Helen Hunt Jackson and Her Indian Reform Legacy (Austin: University of Texas Press, ), pp. -; Antoinette May, The Annotated Ramona (San Carlos, Cali- fornia: Wide World Publishing, ); Lawrence Clark Powell, California Classics (Los Angeles: The Ward Ritchie Press, ), pp. -;Kevin Starr, Inventing the Dream: California through the Progressive Era (New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, ), pp. -;Franklin Walker, A Literary History of Southern California (Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, ), pp. -.

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KING, Clarence (-). Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada. Boston: James R. Osgood and Company, . []  pp. mo, original green cloth, gilt-lettered spine, beveled edges. Lightly rubbed and some outer wear (spine buckled, spinal extremities frayed), interior very fine, overall a very good copy, with contemporary ink ownership inscription (Wm. Martin, Port Richmond, Staten Island, New York). First edition, first issue, publisher’s monogram on title, stereotyper’s notice not present. Cowan I, p. . Cowan II, p. . Currey & Kruska, Yosemite .Edwards, Enduring Desert, p. .Farquhar, Yosemite a. Hol- liday .Howell , California .Howes K. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Libros Californianos, pp. - (Powell commentary): “The book consists of sketchy memories of his work in the Sierra with the California Survey,and affords a delightfully intimate view of the first extended exploration of the Sierra, and of California in that transitionary period that follows the gold-rush. King was an extraordinarily intelligent man, and wrote with a facility that gave his book a literary superiority”; p.  (Hanna list): “The classic in books on American mountaineering by one who knew the Sierra long before the automobile and summer vacationist penetrated its sequestered depths.” Neate, Moun- taineering and Its Literature :“The great mountain classic of the U.S.A.” Norris .Powell, California Clas- sics, pp. -.Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier, pp. -. Zamorano  #.(-) [e\ F D. W, in San Francisco’s Literary Frontier, described King’s book as “probably the most exciting book ever written about mountain-climbing.” James D. Hague, in writing an appreciation of the geologist for the December , , New York Evening Post, praised his book calling it “a work of rare literary excellence and charm, in which the lofty scientific view of Tyndall as a mountain climber seems blended with the keen and witty perception of Bret Harte as a social observer, merging the sublime and the ridiculous with exquisite taste and fascinating grace.” As pointed out by Sierra Nevada historian and bibliographer, Francis P. Farquhar, it was the only nonofficial account resulting from the activities of Josiah D. Whitney’s California State Geologi- cal Survey. Mountaineering is indeed a true classic of Californiana, nature writing, and mountaineering. A graduate of the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale, King came to the West in , and by a chance encounter, met fellow Sheffield graduate Professor William H. Brewer (q.v.) on a boat on the Sacramento River. Recognizing talent, the professor offered him a job with the State Geological Survey under Dr. Whit- ney. For the next several years, King and colleagues explored much of the Sierra and the Mt. Shasta region. He named geologic formations in honor of the survey’s boss. King also achieved much fame in scientific cir- cles for the geological exploration of the Fortieth Parallel, and in ,for uncovering in Wyoming the sensa- tional mineral fraud known as the Great Diamond Hoax. While in California, King’s literary talent emerged around the campfire, and in October ,Bret Harte’s Overland Monthly accepted his “The Falls of the Shoshone.” In ,James D. Fields of the Atlantic Monthly heard King speak and was so charmed by the geologist that he invited him to contribute “sporting articles” to this widely-circulated magazine. These sketches describing his adventures scaling Mt. Whitney, Mt. Shasta, Mt. Tyndall, and surveying the Yosemite Valley and surrounding high country later became chapters in Mountaineering. His articles are packed with sublime descriptions of scenery, rock climbing, and winter and summer storms. King possessed that rare talent of explaining hard science in lyrical terms, allowing general readers to share the adventure and not become smothered in an avalanche of geologic jar- gon. Perhaps inspired by Harte’s mining camp tales, King also penned three fictionalized articles based on his mountain rambles: “Kaweah’s Run,” “The Newtys of Pike,” and “Cut-Off Couples.” As explained by Farquhar, these stories all “may be regarded as interludes in which the fancy has been allowed untrammeled freedom.” The Boston firm of James R. Osgood published King’s Atlantic articles in book form in .Following a typical marketing strategy, that same year an English edition under the imprint of Sampson Low, Marston, Lowe & Searle appeared. Initially well-received, and printed with electrotype plates by Welch, Bigelow &

 Item . King’s Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada. “King was the first to climb the Sierra Nevada, and the first to write of the range in sunlight and storm”(Powell). Company,it was reprinted two more times before Osgood published a true new American edition in . Its bibliographic history has been brilliantly charted by Francis P.Farquhar in his Yosemite, Big Trees, and High Sierra and in the  W. W. Norton & Company edition. Upon publication, Mountaineering received positive reviews in a number of national magazines, comparing King to John Burroughs, Washington Irving, Francis Parkman, Richard Henry Dana (q.v.),and other literary giants. Theodore Solomons in the Overland Monthly pronounced it “the first real literature on the Sierras” and Gertrude Atherton proclaimed it an “impeccable classic.” In contrast, King himself described Mountaineering as “a slight book of travel,” and others criticized his tendency to exaggerate. Later scholars including Wallace Stegner, James D. Hart, Lawrence Clark Powell, and Kevin Starr all sing the praises of Mountaineering. One of the laments concerning Clarence King is that the talented scientist did not pursue writing more jewels of mountaineering and travel literature. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Francis P.Farquhar, Preface to Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, ); Lawrence Clark Powell, California Classics (Los Angeles: The Ward Ritchie Press, ), pp. -;James M. Shebl, King, of the Mountains (Stockton: Pacific Center for Western Histori- cal Studies, ); Kevin Starr, Americans and the California Dream (New York: Oxford University Press, ), pp. -;Franklin D. Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, ), pp. -; Thurman Wilkins, Clarence King: A Biography (New York: The Macmillan Company, ), pp. -.

 Item . Kotzebue’s Entdeckungs-Reise in die Süd-See, with plates in preferred full color. Offical report on a Russian voyage to California in , with significant scientfic reports, including the first botanical description of the California poppy. [  ]

KOTZEBUE, Otto von (-). Entdeckungs-Reise in die Süd-See und nach der Berings-Strasse zur Erforschung einer nordöstlichen Durchfahrt. Unternommen in den Jahren , ,  und ...auf dem Schiffe Rurick unter dem Befehle des Lieutenants der Russisch-Kaiserlichen Marine Otto von Kotzebue.... Weimar: Gebrüdern Hoffmann, . []  [,blank] [, half-title, verso blank] []-; ;[]  [] [, Inhalt] [] xviii pp.,  copper- engraved and aquatint plates (views, natives of Alaska, Hawaii, and Micronesia, and natural history by Louis Choris and other artists;  of which are fully colored and on thick wove paper,  double-page),  copper- engraved maps ( folding), including Charte von der Behrings Strasse nach Merkators Projection August  (. x  cm; ⅝ x ⅜ inches),  folding tables.  vols. in one, to, contemporary three-quarter sheep over tree calf, original orange gilt-lettered spine label. Early shellacking on spine peeling, corners and edges worn (sections of boards exposed), lower joint slightly split at bottom, interior very fine with only a few traces of foxing (none affecting plates or maps), overall a very good to fine copy, with especially beautiful coloring of plates. Pre- served in a half brown cloth and marbled boards slipcase with maroon morocco label. Rare, especially with  of the plates in full color. First edition (with the beautifully hand-colored butterfly plates by Johann Friedrich Eschscholtz, which did not appear in the Russian and English editions; some of the butterflies are specimens sighted in California); present copy with text on good-quality laid paper (leaves bulking to approximately  cm), plates on thick Velinpapier, and  plates in full, rich, vibrant color. Three issues are usually said to exist, differing as to type of paper used and extent of coloring to the engravings. There is some disagreement among various bibliog- raphers and cataloguers as to the exact characteristics of the three primary issues. David W.Forbes (Hawaiian National Bibliography ), whom we trust, states that the three primary issues available for purchase were: () regular issue, portraits colored, folding plates in sepia aquatint; () printed on good-quality laid paper (leaves bulk to  cm), plates colored; and () printed on heavy pressed wove Velinpapier (leaves bulk to  cm.), with plates particularly well colored in several colors. (The plate of the hooded monkey’s cranium is uncol- ored in all issues.) Furthermore, Forbes discusses an ad which he examined in Kotzebue’s Neue Reise (Weimar & St. Petersburg, ), offering yet another issue (Royal Velinpapier “mit den Kukpfern en gouache”), along with still one more rather vanilla variation (text without plates and maps). The list of subscribers accounts for approximately  copies in all,  of which were issue , on fine Velinpapier with the plates specially colored (two, or possibly three, of the latter were reserved for Tsar Alexander). A quick glance at Forbes’s list of located copies readily demonstrates that there are many variations of this work. What is important is that the set be complete with all plates and maps; also, most sources lean to a preference for the plates in full color, like the present copy. Abbey . Arctic Bibliography . Borba de Moraes I, p. .Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. :“The best of the editions.” Forbes, Hawaiian National Bibliography :“A celebrated narrative important for its descrip- tions of Alaska, California, Hawaii, and Micronesia.... The narrative is one of the significant early accounts of California.... The Hawaiian portion of the text is extensive with important observations on life and cus- toms during the reign of Kamehameha I, whose famous ‘red vest’ portrait by Choris is one of the illustra- tions.” Hill, pp. -:“The description of the northwest coast of America is a most important contribution. The second volume contains a description of California and the earliest scientific account of the Golden Poppy, California’s state flower.... The account of Adelbert von Chamisso, the naturalist, gives a brief description of the climate, birds, and fauna, and paints a depressing picture of the Indians and the work of the missions.” Holliday .Howell , California ; Anniversary Catalogue .Howes K. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Kroepelien . Lada-Mocarski :“This edition—all  variants—is in many ways superior to the subsequent editions, including the English translation (London, ). The three volumes are rich in early original source material on Alaska.... The question arises of the priority in publishing the Russian and German editions. Some rea- soning can be advanced in favor of the...German edition being an earlier one, but the evidence is not con- clusive for the first two volumes. There is no doubt, however, about the third volume, which in the German

 edition appeared in the same year, ,while in the Russian edition it was not published until two years later. Until a more conclusive evidence is obtained, one way or another, the author decided to describe both the Russian and the German editions of . One should add that the Russian edition has a separate atlas of  maps, while the German edition has no separate atlas and only  different maps in all three volumes. On the other hand the  colored plates of butterflies in the German edition are not present in the Russian issue.” Lipperheide .Mathes, California Colonial Bibliography . Streeter Sale . Zamorano  #. (,-,)

.KOTZEBUE, Otto von. A Voyage of Discovery into the South Sea, and to Beering’s Straits, for the Purpose of Exploring a North-East Passage, Undertaken in the Years -, at the Expense of His Highness...in the Ship Rurick.... London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, . xv []  + []  [] + []  pp.,  copper-engraved plates ( hand-colored) and  copper-engraved maps ( folding).  vols., vo, three-quar- ter nineteenth-century red morocco over marbled boards, spines lettered in gilt, with raised bands, edges tinted yellow. Binding rubbed and moderately worn, vol.  front endpaper with old tape repair, occasional light foxing and offsetting to interior, overall a very good to good set. Light ex-library with a few embossed stamps of Burbank Public Library (confined to inner text leaves); front pastedowns with evidence of removal of library materials (some loss and abrasions to endpapers of vol. ); vol.  with “Sold By” stamped on endleaves. First English edition (Phillips of London published an edition the same year, but it was abridged and con- tained only  maps). Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. .Forbes, Hawaiian National Bibliography . Hill, p. . Graff: “One of the great early nineteenth-century voyages of discovery.” Holliday .Howes K. Jones . Norris .O’Reilly & Reitman, Bibliographie de Tahiti . Streeter Sale .( vols.) (,-,)

. MAHR, August C. The Visit of the “Rurik” to San Francisco in .... Stanford: Stanford University Press, etc., .  pp., frontispiece halftone of California poppy,halftone plates after iconography from the expe- dition. vo, original maroon cloth. Spine light and with a few spots, interior fine. Scholarly edition. Stanford University Publications, University Series, History, Economics, and Political Science vol. ,number . Zamorano  #n (Robert J. Woods): “An extract from the California portion of Kotzebue’s report. It also contains Chamisso’s observations, Choris’s description of San Francisco, and the Spanish documents dealing with his visit. These are printed in the original language with the English trans- lation.... Mahr...questions Kotzebue’s motive for visiting California.” (-) [e\ T E came to Russia under the reign of Catherine the Great (-) and the eastward expansion begun under Peter the Great saw fruition in the establishment of Kodiak by Grigor I. Shelikhov and the Russian-American Company in .With a base in America, the Russian Academy of Sciences entered the field of scientific exploration, and, given that communication and supply to Alaska overland through Siberia via Yakutsk, Irkutsk, Okhotsk, and Petropavlovsk required over two years and was extremely arduous, maritime routes from St. Petersburg to Kodiak were established by the Admiralty and its modern- ized fleet. The first Russian circumnavigation was achieved by Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenstern and Iurii Lisianskii in - via Kodiak and Sitka, founded in , and was a success. The Napoleonic Wars interrupted a continuation of such voyages, resulting in isolation of the Alaskan colonies from St. Petersburg, and the Russ- ian-American Company expanded to Bodega and Ross north of San Francisco in  in an attempt to establish agricultural and stock-raising enclaves, and initiated voyages from Alaska to Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands. The defeat of Napoleon in  reopened the possibilities of maritime supply to Alaska and scientific cir- cumnavigation, and Lieutenant Otto von Kotzebue (-), a native of Tallinn and young cadet on the Kruzenstern voyage, was appointed to command the second Russian circumnavigation in  with a single

 ship, the brig Rurik. With thirty-three men, first officer G. S. Shishmarev, artist-naturalists Adelbert von Chamisso, M. Wormskiold, and Ludwig Choris, physician Johann Friedrich Eschscholtz, and navigators V. Khromchenko and V.Petrov, there was no space for scientific work aboard. Sailing from Kronstadt on July , , the expedition crossed the Atlantic, rounded Cape Horn, reached Concepción, Easter Island, and the Tuamotu Archipelago, and arrived at Petropavlovsk on June , .From Kamchatka, Kotzebue con- ducted an extensive exploration of Bering Strait and rested at the outpost of Unalaska in the Aleutians from August  to September  before sailing southward. On October , Rurik anchored in San Francisco Bay where Kotzebue was well received by commandant José Darío Argüello who agreed to supply the expedition with every necessity. Governor Pablo Vicente Solá traveled from Monterey on October  to receive Kotzebue and the officers and scientists and, conversing in French, arrangements were made for supplies for Fort Ross, and for the release of Russian prisoners held for illegal hunting of sea otter in Spanish territory. Solá, nonetheless, registered his complaint over Russian encroachment at Ross and Bodega, and on October  Ivan Aleksandrovich Kuskov, commandant of Ross, traveled to San Francisco to negotiate differences. After three days of discussion, Kuskov declined to treat the legality of the Russian presence or abandon Ross, and Kotzebue agreed to present the matter before the Imperial Court on his return. In the interim, the naturalists made extensive geographic, ethnographic, botanical, and zoological observations, with the earliest description of the California poppy made by Eschscholtz and extraordinary drawings realized by Choris. Sailing from San Francisco on November ,Kotzebue proceeded to Kauai where he remained from November  to December  and, following further exploration in the south, returned to Unalaska on April , ,where he repaired Rurik. On June , the expedition sailed for the Bering Strait, but finding it still iced, returned to Unalaska until August ,when the homeward voyage was begun. After making further repairs in Manila, Kotzebue rounded the Cape of Good Hope and reached Kronstadt on July , . Although Kuskov complained of Kotzebue’s interference in the affairs of the Russian-American Company, the expedition was considered a success and from  to  he commanded a second circumnavigation with Eschscholtz, again visiting San Francisco, from October  to December , . The narrative of Kotzebue’s first voyage, notable for its finely engraved plates and maps, appeared in a second German-language edition in Vienna in . An English translation was published in London in  and in facsimile in New York in .A Russian translation was published in St. Petersburg in .The nar- rative of Chamisso appeared in his Werke (Berlin, ), and that of Choris with lithographs of his drawings in Voyage pittoresque autour du monde (Paris, ). The results of Kotzebue’s second circumnavigation were pub- lished in St. Petersburg in , in Weimar, St. Petersburg, London, and Haarlem in , in New York in , and in Moscow in  and . —W.Michael Mathes

 Item . La Pérouse’s Voyage, large paper copy with text in original boards, splendid maps and engravings. “The first visit by a foreign expedition to Alta California [with] extensive details relative to geography, natural history, the mission system, and Alta California society” (Mathes). [  ]

[LA PÉROUSE, Jean-François de Galaup (-)]. Voyage de La Pérouse Autour du Monde, Publié Conformément au Décret du  Avril , et Rédigé par M. L. A. Milet-Mureau, Général de Brigade dans le Corps du Génie, Directeur des Fortifications, Ex-Constituant, Membre de Plusieurs Sociétés Littéraires de Paris.... Paris: De L’Imprimerie de la République, [Imprimé par les soins de P. D. Duboy-Laverne] An V. ().  vols.:  vols., to (text) + folio (atlas). T:[] lxxii,  [] + []  [] + []  [] + []  pp., copper-engraved frontispiece portrait of La Pérouse.  vols., large to, original blue and green boards, printed paper spine labels (expertly rebacked, original spines and printed spine labels retained). Fragile original boards and labels worn, stained, and rubbed, occasional mild foxing to text, but overall a very good to fine copy—a very desirable, uncut large paper copy, in original boards, printed on very pale green thick paper. The leaves measure . x . cm (¼ x ¼ inches), same as the Henry H. Clifford and Thomas W.Streeter copies. Preserved in a black cloth box. A:[, copper-engraved emblematic title (including a chart of the Pacific showing the track of the voyage)] pp.,  copper-engraved plates, maps, and charts on thick paper, one of which is folding and  dou- ble-page [see below for a partial list of maps, charts, and profiles]. The frontispiece portrait of La Pérouse found in some copies of the atlas is not present in this copy (Lada-Mocarski [] states that the portrait is sometimes absent in the large paper variant of the atlas, like the present copy). Large folio, full contemporary calf (expertly rebacked in a style sympathetic with the four volumes of text). The atlas is the large paper issue ( x . cm; ½ x ¾ inches), apparently slightly trimmed when bound, but still with generous margins, only slightly shorter than the Clifford atlas, which was uncut, and a bit taller than Streeter’s copy of the atlas. Some outer wear to atlas, but overall very fine, all of the maps, charts, and plates fresh, bright, and in good, strong impressions. All in all, this is a handsome set of a rare voyage. First edition, the desirable large paper copy, Forbes binding A. Allen, “Laperouse: A Check List” in Califor- nia Historical Quarterly  (), p. . Anker, Bird Books and Bird Art  (with note on ornithological text and artists). Barrett, Baja California . Brunet .Cowan I, pp. -n (citing the  London edition) & p. : “[La Pérouse] landed at Monterey in September, . His stay was only ten days, but during the visit he was able to give the best account of the period of natural resources. It is of interest to note that he was the first foreign visitor to come to these shores after the founding of Upper California’s first mission.” Cowan II, p. .Ferguson, Australia .Forbes, Hawaiian National Bibliography :“The portrait of La Pérouse...is fre- quently bound as a frontispiece to Volume I but is sometimes found bound in the atlas.... Of particular inter- est to Hawaii is the plate that depicts the French ships off Makena, Maui. It is the first fully developed view of that island.” Grinnell, California Ornithology, p.  (first item). Graff n (citing a  London edition). Hill, p. . Harlow, Maps of San Francisco Bay  (early printed map of the port of San Francisco); Maps of the Pueblo Lands of San Diego  (second printed map of the port of San Diego). Holliday .Howell , California . Howes L. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . JCB  (text vols.). Lada-Mocarski . Libros Californianos, p.  (Powell commentary). Lopez Memorial Museum, Cat- alogue of Filipiana Materials .Mathes, California Colonial Bibliography . McLaren . Nordenskiöld II:. Phillips, Atlases . Phillips, Maps of America,p.. Smith . Staton & Tremaine . Streeter Sale . Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast -,pp.-:“The long delay in publishing the observations and the maps of the voyage was fatal to any chance they might have had of receiving recognition.” Wicker- sham . Zamorano  #. Howell, Anniversary Catalogue  (Richard Reed’s essay): “La Pérouse’s Voyage is one of the great documents of French exploration in the Pacific Ocean. In addition to a detailed account of the expedition itself, these volumes contain invaluable scientific information, observations on the natives that were encountered, and a wealth of geographic and cartographic data. The beautiful Atlas, with its finely engraved maps, charts, and plates, includes a detailed chart of San Francisco Bay,the first representation of the crested quail, and several maps and plates of the harbors at Monterey and San Diego, as well as two charts and one view of the Sand- wich Islands. It is a magnificent production, and some authorities consider the engraving and craftsmanship to be superior even to that in the Cook-Webber Atlas that accompanies the journals of the great English

 explorer’s third voyage. Like Cook, La Pérouse died in the service of his King and in the pursuit of geo- graphical knowledge. Unlike Cook, however, he has not achieved the international recognition accorded the English navigator.... Nevertheless, it is one of the finest narratives of maritime exploration ever written, and certainly deserves to hold a place of high honor among the great travel accounts of the eighteenth century.” The handsome atlas contains maps, charts, profiles, and plates (views on land and at sea, natural history, costumed groups of ethnological interest, etc.).

MAPS, CHARTS, AND PROFILES OF CALIFORNIA AND NORTHWEST COAST INTEREST

P : Mappe monde ou carte réduite des parties connues du globe pour servir au voyage de La Pérouse fait dans les annés , , , et ... (. x . cm; ½ x ½ inches). Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast . First printing of this key world map on the Mercator projection centering on the Pacific. Coastal details are empha- sized, and the route of La Pérouse’s voyage to Botany Bay is tracked.

P : Carte du Grand Océan ou Mer du Sud dressée pour la relation du voyage de découvertes... (. x . cm; ⅝ x ¼ inches). Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast .This map gives good detail on the island groups explored. It includes all of North America, most of South America, and the eastern coast of Asia. Australia is shown, with its southern coast unexplored. Bits of the New Zealand and New Guinea coastlines still remain blank.

P : Carte des côtes de l’Amérique et de l’Asie, depuis la Californie jusqu’à Macao... ( x . cm; ⅝ x  inches). Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast . Chart showing the coast of America and Asia from California to Macao.

P : Carte général d’une partie de la côte du nord-ouest de l’Amérique... (. x . cm; ½ x ⅜ inches). Wag- ner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast . Detailed chart of the Northwest from Monterey to Mount St. Elias in Alaska, locating all known harbors and delineating coastal topography, including elevations, rivers, bays, points, and capes.

P , ,  :(P ) Carte Particulière de la côte du nord-ouest de l’Amérique...e. feuille... (P ) Carte Particulière de la côte du nord-ouest de l’Amérique...e. feuille... (P ) Carte Particulière de la côte du nord-ouest de l’Amérique...e...feuille. Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast , , .Three plates each containing three sections, showing the same coastal area as in Plate . Each plate measures approximately . x  cm (½ x ½ inches). Plate  illustrates the Pacific from Monterey Bay almost to the Columbia River.

P : Plan du Port des Français ( x  cm; ¾ x ¼ inches). Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast . This map illustrates Lituya Bay,on the southern coast of Alaska, the only haven for seafarers facing the open sweep of the Pacific on the passage north from Cross Sound to Yakutat. La Pérouse recommended that France establish its base in Alaska at Port des Français, which he described in his journal as “perhaps the most extraordinary place in the world.” Unfortunately,on July , , La Pérouse’s “calm waters” suddenly swal- lowed up  of his finest officers and men as they attempted to sound the waters at the entrance to Lituya Bay. None of the bodies were recovered. This site with its potential for terror is probably best known for the earth- quake-caused tsunami on July , , the first wave of which reached a height of some , feet, said to be the biggest wave ever recorded.

P : Plan de l’entrée du Port de Bucarelli ( x  cm; ¾ x ¼ inches). Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast .Wagner mentions similarity to Dalrymple’s  map (but with corrections). La Pérouse stated that he acquired the plan in Manila in  (probably from Mourelle, according to Wagner). Bucarelli Bay in southeast Alaska was for a time thought to be the entrance to the Northwest Passage. La Pérouse was among the early European visitors to the area.

 Item . Early printed chart of the port of San Francisco, from La Pérouse’s atlas (Harlow, Maps of San Francisco Bay ). P : Plan du Port de St. François, situé sur la côte de la Californie Septiontrionale... (. x . cm; ⅜ x ⅛ inches). Early printed map of the port of San Francisco (preceded by various incarnations by Cañizares, Dal- rymple, and Vancouver). Harlow, Maps of San Francisco Bay .Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast . Wagner states that this plan of San Francisco Bay was copied from Camacho’s map of  (see Wagner ).

P : Plan de la Baie de Monterey... (. x . cm; ¼ x ⅜ inches). Harlow, Maps of the Pueblo Lands of San Diego,p.: “On September , ...La Pérouse anchored in Monterey Bay—among the spouting whales.... He sent home a chart of Monterey Bay, made in part from his own surveys.” Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast . Early printed plan of Monterey Bay, said by Wagner to have been drawn by some of La Pérouse’s officers.

P : Plan du Port de St. Diego... [with] Plan du Port et Department de St. Blas... ( x . cm; ⅞ x ¼ inches). Two charts on one sheet. Second printed map of San Diego (preceded by Dalrymple’s  printed chart based on Juan Pantoja y Arriaga’s  manuscript map of the port of San Diego; see Wag- ner ). Harlow, Maps of the Pueblo Lands of San Diego :“When the first president of the Mexican republic came to issue a series of charts of Mexico’s coasts in , that of San Diego was...a virtual copy of the one in the  La Pérouse atlas.” Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast . See Muriel Strickland’s com- ments in California :Forty-Nine Maps of California from the Sixteenth Century to the Present () referring to this French printing. Regarding the other chart on this plate, San Blas (on the coast of Nayarit) was established as a Naval Department by José de Gálvez in  for the specific purpose of supplying the new missions and presidios to be founded in Alta California.

P : Perdrix, Mâle et Femele, de la Californie (. x  cm; ½ x ¾ inches). Zamorano  # (Robert J. Woods): “The first picture of the crested quail to be shown in Europe.” This beautiful species, the California Quail (Callipepla californica), was named the official California State Bird in . Its original range stretched from Baja California to a small portion of Western Nevada and the southern counties of Oregon.

P : Promerops de la Californie Septentrionale (. x . cm;  x  inches). This ornithological plate depicts the California thrasher, which is endemic to the coastal and foothill areas of California, extending with the chaparral vegetation into adjacent areas of northwest Baja California. This species was first collected by the La Pérouse expedition, probably at Monterey in .

P :  charts on one double-page sheet: Partie de la Mer du Sud comprise entre les Philippines et la Californie (. x . cm; ½ x ½ inches). The two charts depict the Pacific between California and Manila and show the tracks of the voyages of Anson, the Spanish galleon, and La Pérouse.

The first edition of La Pérouse’s Voyage is one of the great and rare voyages for California history (and many other parts of the world, for that matter). It is also a beautiful specimen of eighteenth-century French printing and bookmaking. ( vols.) (,-,)

. LA PÉROUSE, Jean-François de Galaup. A Voyage round the World in the Years , , , and .... Edited by M. L. A. Milet-Mureau.... London: Printed for J. Johnson, .x []  + x,  + viii, ,  (tables) pp., copper-engraved frontispiece portrait,  copper-engraved plates, maps, and charts (some folding), printed music in text.  vols., vo, contemporary three-quarter calf over marbled boards, spines with red morocco gilt-lettered labels. Three joints cracked, spines worn, dry, and cracking, occasional foxing, four pages browned where acidic invoices were laid in, overall very good. Laid in is the invoice of San Francisco bookseller Gelber and Lilienthal to Beatrice Simpson Volkmann in the amount of  dated January , . Engraved armorial bookplates of F.Fairfax Best and old ink signatures of Thos. J. Best and Frances Archer(?). Small engraved label of I. V.Hall of Maidstone.

 First edition in English. Several versions and abridgments of the official account of La Pérouse’s expedition were published in London in  as English publishers rushed to be the first to print the account while pub- lic interest was still high regarding the disappearance of the ill-fated expedition. Forbes, Hawaiian National Bibliography  (see Forbes  where he maintains that the prevailing assumption that Stockdale’s edition in two volumes was the earliest English version is probably incorrect and states that the present Johnson edition is more likely the first English edition). Ferguson, Australia . Hill, p. ;p.n: “There are three separate translations into English from the original French of which two, the one published by Stockdale and that pub- lished by Johnson, appeared in the same year, .The preface to the Stockdale edition leads one to suppose that Johnson’s was issued slightly earlier.” Howes L. McLaren . Norris .The bibliographical records on this set are not in agreement as to the number of plates. The list of plates in the book enumerates  plates with one title apparently repeated;  plates are present in the Volkmann copy (as was the case with the Clifford copy, as well as many copies that have appeared at auction and been offered by dealers). In the rush to print in order to satisfy the public’s eager desire to learn more about the sensational disappearance of the La Pérouse expedition, it is not surprising that variations exist. The plans of San Diego, San Blas, San Fran- cisco, and Monterey are not present in this edition. ( vols.) (-,)

. LA PÉROUSE, Jean-François de Galaup. A Voyage round the World, Performed in the Years , , , and .... Published by Order of the National Assembly, under the Superintendence of L. A. Milet-Mureau...Translated from the French. London: Printed by A. Hamilton, for G. G. and J. Robinson, Paternoster-Row; J. Edwards, Pall-Mall; and T. Payne, Mews-Gate, Castle-Street,  (text) &  (atlas).  vols.:  vols., to (text) + folio (atlas). T:[] lvi,  + viii []-, -,*-*, -,*-*, -,*-*, - [] [, index] [,errata] pp., copper-engraved portrait.  vols., to, full contemporary tree calf with ornamental gilt borders on upper and lower covers, gilt-decorated spines with original black and green leather labels (label at

Item . The California State Bird—“The first picture of the crested quail to be shown in Europe” (Woods).

 foot of each spine gilt-stamped “I. Woolery’s”), marbled endpapers, inner gilt dentelles matching ornamen- tal rule on covers. Vol.  lacking half-title; also without the “List of the Charts and Plates to the Atlas” (often lacking). Bindings worn, rubbed, and dry,two joints starting to split and occasional inconsequential foxing to text. A:[, engraved title]  (of ) copper-engraved maps & plates. Folio, contemporary three-quarter calf over marbled boards, gilt-decorated spine with original black and green gilt-lettered leather labels (label at foot of spine gilt-stamped “I. Woolery’s”), marbled endpapers. Atlas lacking Plate  (chart of the coasts of America and Asia from California to Macao), but the large folding Chart No. I (world map) which is often lacking is present in this copy. Several atlas plates cropped close by a careless binder (occasional slight losses to border or plate numbers; unfortunately Plate  has a larger loss, with right and left edges cropped such that the coastal area south of Monterey to San Diego is not present). Atlas with mild to moderate foxing. Other than missing Plate  and cropped Plate , this is a very good to near fine set of this exceedingly rare edition, with engraved armorial bookplates of F.S. Stallknecht. First complete edition in English, “best English edition” (Howes). Two English editions came out in — Stockdale’s with  plates and Johnson’s with  (plate count varies depending on bibliography consulted); the present edition was the first published edition in English that contained all the text, plates, and maps that appeared in the original edition published at Paris in .The present edition is the English edition that Nico Israel chose to reprint in ,which, in our opinion, gives an indication of its importance. Cowan I, pp. -: “Best edition.” Cowan II, p. .Ferguson, Australia .Forbes, Hawaiian National Bibliography  (collation as above). Har- low, Maps of San Francisco Bay n (noting appearance of the San Francisco chart in this English edition); Maps of the Pueblo Lands of San Diego  (noting appearance of the San Diego chart in this English edition). Hill, p. :“This edition is usually considered to be the best one in English...now extremely rare.” Howes L. McLaren .Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast -n. Regarding the arcane collation, we quote (with acknowledgement and thanks) our Australian colleague, Gaston Renard, who offered a similarly paginated copy recently: “In Volume II there is a hiatus in the pagi- nation—Pp. - are omitted from the pagination, but the text is complete, as examination readily shows, Pp. - & P.  covering period May -,May -June  without any gap. There are also in Volume II additional gatherings, marked with asterisk, as follows: (a) Following Page  (end of Q) additional gather- ing signed *Q, paginated *-*. (b) Following Page  (end of R) additional gathering signed *R, paginated *-*. (c) Following Page  (end of S): additional gathering signed *S, paginated *- *.These irregularities of pagination are typical of all copies we have seen. This copy lacks the list of the charts and plates to the atlas (of the references consulted only the National Maritime Museum Catalogue III [Vol. ,No.] mentions this leaf, and the facsimile by Nico Israel does not contain it). The large folding chart (No. ) is not bound into the Atlas [Note: This large folding chart is present in the Volkmann copy]—it is often also lacking—but it is present, being loosely inserted at the front of the atlas. It was not an uncommon prac- tice for publishers of works containing large maps (relatively expensive to produce) to print only sufficient copies for immediate needs, printing further copies only as required. Should the demand then disappear, the books would be put on the market lacking the large charts. The prevalence of copies of this Atlas without the list of charts—in which is listed the large chart—suggests that this occurred with this work.” ( vols.) (,-,) [e\ A   important facets of the Enlightenment were voyages of circumnavigation undertaken for scientific observation. Initiated for France by Louis-Antoine, Comte de Bouganville in , and for England by James Cook in , geographic, cartographic, hydrographic, geological, astronomical, meteorological, zoological, botanical, and ethnographic data were collected by scientists specifically assigned to these expe- ditions. As a means of expanding knowledge acquired by Cook between  and his death in ,following the Treaty of Paris ending the American Revolution, France determined to surpass England in science and, in  gave command of a major expedition of circumnavigation to Jean-François de Galaup, Comte de la Pérouse, who, after twenty years of naval service, had gained fame for his successful surprise capture of Fort Prince of Wales on Hudson Bay in .

 Sailing from Brest on August , , with frigates Boussole under La Pérouse and Astrolabe commanded by Paul-Antoine-Marie Fleuriot de Langle, and a complement of fifteen scientists and artists, the expedition proceeded to Madeira, Tenerife, Santa Catarina off Brazil, rounded Cape Horn, and continued to Concep- ción in Chile where a two-week respite was enjoyed in February and March, .The ships then sailed westward to Easter Island, proceeded northward to Maui in the Hawaiian Islands in May, and continued northeasterly toward the coast of Alaska. On June  the great Mt. St. Elias was sighted, and navigation and charting southward along the coast slowed due to fog. Observing the endless outlets and fiords along the Alaskan coast, La Pérouse recognized the futility of a search for the Strait of Anián, a reputed water passage to the Atlantic, and, bypassing Queen Charlotte Sound, charted the coasts of Vancouver Island, Washing- ton, Oregon, and northern California prior to anchoring on September  in Monterey Bay. The expedition was warmly welcomed by Governor Pedro Fagés and Father President of the Franciscan missions, Fray Fermín Francisco de Lasuén, successor to the recently deceased Fray Junípero Serra. After a visit of eight days, the expedition sailed on September  toward the Mariana Islands and on to Macau, where forty-one French, English, and Dutch ships were found at anchor on January , . After a month at rest, La Pérouse sailed from Macau on February  to Cavite where he was welcomed in Manila and, disre- garding warnings of the dangers of the monsoon season, he continued his voyage to Taiwan and Japan in April. Encountering heavy seas, the expedition entered the East China Sea and Sea of Japan, charting and observing the coasts of Japan and Korea, and continued to Sakhalin Island in late July. Proceeding through the Kuril Islands, La Pérouse anchored at Petropavlovsk on the Kamchatka Peninsula on September . Although no correspondence from France had been received in Macau, in Petropavlovsk a courier arrived with dispatches for the expedition to return southward to Botany Bay in Australia. Not having wished to risk his journals to couriers in Spanish territories or Macau for remittance to Paris, La Pérouse appointed Jean- Baptiste Barthélémy de Lesseps to carry all of the journals, charts, and data collected thus far overland to St. Petersburg. De Lesseps left Petropavlovsk for Okhotsk and Yakutsk on September , and the following day, Boussole and Astrolabe set sail for the south. La Pérouse, via Samoa and the Tongas, reached Botany Bay on January , , and on March  the expedition sailed northward, never to be seen again. As the months turned to years, plans to search for La Pérouse were put forth, and in ,Joseph-Antoine Bruny d’Entre- casteaux sailed with Recherche and Espérance, following the track of the expedition and, in ,returned with- out success. It was not until  that Peter Dillon, a local transpacific navigator, discovered the remains of Boussole and Astrolabe at Vanikoro Island. The published journal of the voyage, based upon the documentation carried overland by De Lesseps, is of particular importance for its atlas. The detailed, modern maps and fine scientific engravings are extraordi- narily precise. As the first foreign visit to Alta California, the La Pérouse expedition described, delineated, and illustrated the brief visit with a view from the outside and thus the Voyage is a particularly important doc- ument of early California history. Various English-language editions appeared in London in - and , in Boston in , and in New York in ;a definitive scholarly edition of the original journal was edited by John Dunmore for the Hakluyt Society (London, ). German translations were published in Leipzig in  and in Berlin in -;a Dutch edition appeared in Amsterdam in -, and an Ital- ian translation was published in . Subsequent French editions saw print in , , , , , and . —W.Michael Mathes

 Item . Zenas Leonard’s Narrative,a superb copy in original cloth. “The rarest and most sought-after book associated with Yosemite, the sequoias, and the High Sierra” (Kurutz) and “the cornerstone to any collection of western travels” (Howell). [  ]

LEONARD, Zenas (-). Narrative of the Adventures of Zenas Leonard, a Native of Clearfield County, Pa. Who Spent Five Years in Trapping for Furs, Trading with the Indians &c. &c., of the Rocky Mountains: Written by Himself. Clear- field, Pennsylvania.: D. W. Moore, .iv, pp., printed in double column. vo, original rose cloth embossed in floral pattern. Upper hinge cracked, light spotting to text and small faint water stain at lower corner throughout (mostly affecting blank margin), text slightly age-toned, but overall fine (this copy was described by John Howell–Books in their California Catalogue [:], as “one of the finest copies known” and “the finest copy we have seen”). Contemporary ink signature on both back endpapers of R. Masson(?) of Clearfield, Pennsylvania. Preserved in a red cloth chemise and slipcase. The O’Brien–Jennie Crocker Hen- derson–Warren R. Howell copy.Jennie Crocker Henderson purchased this copy in  for . from the Anderson Galleries auction of the library of Dr. Frank P. O’Brien (catalogue slip laid in). Laid in is Wright Howes’s typed letter on his printed stationery, initialed by him, to Warren R. Howell, dated March , , stating in part: “The mark is the old McClurg cost—it was James Gulick—so it cost them .. Arthur Halperin says he remembers that Wagner bought his copy of Leonard for . from George Chandler when they were working at McClurgs....” Exceedingly rare and important. First edition. American Imprints :. Blumann & Thomas .Cowan I, p.  (written in ): “Of the original [edition] not more than four or five copies are known to exist.” Cowan II, p. . Currey & Kruska, Yosemite .Farquhar, Yosemite . Graff  (with Mr. Graff’s brief account of how he obtained his copy after fifteen years of negotiations): “A classic of the Rocky Mountain fur trade. It is not only a pleasure to read, but comprises an accurate account of personal experience.” Holliday .Howell , California  (present copy illustrated at p. ): “The cornerstone to any collection of western travels.” Howes L: “Completely trust- worthy account...the chief first-hand authority.” Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Jones  & vol.  (no. , illustrating the copy that Jones obtained from Wag- ner). LC, California Centennial . Libros Californianos (Bliss, Cowan & Wagner lists), pp. , , . Plains & Rock- ies IV: (illustrated at p. ; Becker located eight copies in ). Streeter Sale  (illustrated at p. ): “Exceedingly rare and important.” Zamorano  #. We think that Henry R. Wagner’s  letter to Dr. George D. Lyman of San Francisco, telling how he acquired his copy of Leonard’s book is worth reprinting here (from Plains & Rockies IV:): “About  or  while passing through Chicago I stopped at McClurg’s bookstore to see if they had anything new, as I always stopped there when passing through Chicago. Mr. Chandler was at that time in charge of the Rare Book department. He told me that he had a book in which he thought I might be interested and produced the Zenas Leonard narrative. I had heard of the book on account of the reprint but had never seen the original which I knew was a very scarce book. He said the price was , so I put it in my overcoat pocket and went off with it. While chatting with him he said that Walter Douglas, who was at that time manager of the Phelps- Dodge interests in Arizona, had been in shortly before and he had showed him the book. Douglas was not interested. That evening on the Rock Island train to El Paso, while going to the dining car, I happened to see Mr. Douglas, whom I knew quite well.... While talking to him he said that something rather amusing had happened that afternoon. I might say that Douglas was only interested in collecting Mexican Inquisition doc- uments. He said he had visited McClurg and Chandler had shown him a book whose title he did not remem- ber but he said he wanted  for it. He then said that about five-thirty he stopped in McClurg’s to pick up a package and Chandler had told him that he had sold the book, and then Douglas said, ‘I wonder what fool paid  for that book.’ I allowed that I was the fool and said that it was a very rare book well worth ,but he would not believe it.” The only thing to add is that the original price for the book in  was  cents in cloth binding. (,-,)

. LEONARD, Zenas. Adventures of Zenas Leonard, Fur Trader and Trapper -,Reprinted from the Rare Orig- inal of .... Cleveland: The Burrows Brothers Company, .  pp., plates, portraits, facsimiles, folding map. vo, original navy blue cloth, spine gilt-lettered. Ink ownership inscription of Alexander Thomas

 Leonard, M.D., San Francisco, . Occasional foxing (mainly confined to text edges and endpapers), otherwise fine in d.j. (somewhat faded and with upper inside flap detached but present). Limited edition ( copies). Howes (L) notes a second edition printed at Clearfield ca. .The present edition, which was edited by Dr. W.F.Wagner, was the first to contain critical notes. (-)

[e\ Z L’ overland account is the rarest and most sought-after book associated with Yosemite, the sequoias, and the High Sierra. Further, it documents the first instance of non-Indians to look on that dra- matic geologic chasm known as the Yosemite Valley and the first to encounter those regal botanical giants, the Sequoia gigantea. Bibliographer and historian Francis P. Farquhar lists this as entry number one in his majestic Yosemite, Big Trees, and High Sierra. In discussing the importance of this title, Farquhar writes: “Leonard’s narrative is the principal source of information about the expedition of Joseph Reddeford Walker, in ,from Great Salt Lake to California. Walker’s was the first party to use the Humboldt River route to California and the first known party of white men to cross the Sierra Nevada from east to west.” Reli- able knowledge of the High Sierra begins with the Walker party. Leonard’s narrative also has the distinction of being the second printed account of an overland trip to California, preceded only by James Ohio Pattie’s Personal Narrative (q.v.). A fur trapper and mountain man, Leonard began his trip west in , and in  joined Captain B. L. E. Bonneville’s expedition to explore the Great Salt Lake. At the Green River rendezvous, Leonard became a member of a detachment led by J. R. Walker heading for California and the Pacific Ocean. He served as the expedition’s clerk. During the course of this odyssey, the mountain man “kept a minute journal of every incident that occurred.” One incident, in particular, proved memorable. He observed that “Some of the precipices appeared to us to be more than a mile high.” Those precipices, of course, turned out to be the Yosemite Valley. While producing a riveting account of the natural wonders, Leonard also provides an important and early impression of the settlements and missions along the California coast. The expedition reached the Pacific on November , , and wintered in Monterey. Taking note of the Russian, British, and Mexican activities and thinking of the future, Leonard worried that the United States would not secure this promising land. The Walker expedition headed home on February , , with “ men,  horses, and for provisions  beef and  dogs,” making it to Independence, Missouri on August , . Leonard had been “absent four years, four months, and five days.” Once home in Clearfield County, friends besieged him for information about his western wayfaring. Not wishing to repeat the story over and over, he acceded to their request by agreeing to write out an account for publication in the newspapers. Leonard, however, faced one major problem: hostile Indians had stolen part of his journal. Not deterred, he consulted the journal of his commander and reconstructed the missing por- tion. Because of this missing manuscript, a few inaccuracies crept into his text. Farquhar and Lloyd W.Cur- rey and Dennis G. Kruska in their respective bibliographies have delved into the publishing history of this overland trip. Part of Leonard’s narrative first appeared in the  and  issues of the Clearfield news- paper, the Pioneer and Banner. In ,D.W.Moore, using the same typeface as the newspaper and making a few editorial changes, published the narrative in book form in a double-column format. Several later editions of this important work have been published. The first, published by the Burrows Brothers Company of Cleveland, appeared in  and was edited by W. F. Wagner. In , Milo Milton Quaife edited the text for R. R. Donnelley & Sons Lakeside Classics. The University of Nebraska Press, under its Bison Books imprint, reprinted the Lakeside Classics edition in . —Gary F.Kurutz

 [  ]

MANLY,William Lewis (-). Death Valley in ’. Important Chapter of California Pioneer History. The Autobi- ography of a Pioneer, Detailing His Life from a Humble Home in the Green Mountains to the Gold Mines of California; and Particularly Reciting the Sufferings of the Band of Men, Women, and Children Who Gave “Death Valley” Its Name. San Jose: Pacific Tree and Vine Co., .  pp., frontispiece halftone portrait of author,  halftone plates, a few text illustrations. vo, original ochre cloth, title and decorative bands in black on upper cover and in blind on back cover,spine gilt-lettered, floral-patterned endpapers. A few light stains to binding and a bit of light shelf wear, back hinge cracked, generally a fine copy, text very fresh. First edition. Blumann & Thomas .Cowan I, pp. , .Cowan II, p. . Eberstadt, Modern Narratives of the Plains and the Rockies .Edwards, Desert Harvest : “Cornerstone of Death Valley’s literary structure”; Enduring Desert, pp. -:“The bulk of the first edition is reputed to have been stored in a basement, thus accounting for the water stains on so many of the Manly firsts. A small quantity were given to George Whar- ton James, thereby escaping.... No other book that has ever been written about Death Valley can even remotely approach the Manly in historic importance. It is unlikely that one ever will.” Flake . Graff. Holliday .Howell , California .Howes M. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush a. Libros Californianos, p.  (Powell com- mentary); p.  (Hanna list). Mattes, Platte River Road Narratives . Mintz, The Trail : “One of the great books of Western Americana.” Norris .Paher, Nevada .Powell, California Classics, pp. -; South- western Century .Rocq . Streeter Sale .Walker, A Literary History of Southern California, pp. -: “Later research has borne out the accuracy of [Manly’s] story; the spirit and vivid imagination of his book speak for themselves.... Manly’s honest memory and his ability to re-create a scene make it possible for the reader to follow every step of the way, experiencing the range of despair, faith, and ecstasy on arrival.” Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush . Zamorano  #. See also Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West III, pp. -. (-) [e\ W L M’ “autobiography of a pioneer” represents one of the most dramatic and heart- stopping first-person accounts of the overland journey to California. Only the gruesome saga of the Donner Party surpasses this tragic episode. Bitten by the gold bug, Manly,a native of Vermont and a resident of Wis- consin, along with Asabel Bennett, led a group of gold seekers and their families across the continent. Has- tening to get to the diggings as quickly as possible and traveling in winter, they decided on an untried shortcut that proved to have deadly consequences. They wound up hopelessly lost in the deserts of eastern California. Faced with certain death from thirst, starvation, and exposure, Manly and John R. Rodgers made the heart- wrenching decision to leave the group behind and set out on foot to find help and supplies. Reflecting on these life-threatening circumstances, Manly wrote: “The home of the poorest man on earth was preferable to this place. Wealth was of no value here. A hoard of twenty dollar gold pieces could now stand before us the whole day long with no temptation to touch a single coin, for its very weight would drag us nearer death.” Ironically, they had risked all for the gold of California. With every step a struggle, they made it out of the desert valley and over the mountains to Los Angeles. Displaying unmatched determination and self-sacrifice, they trudged back across the same hellish terrain bringing relief and succor to the barely alive men, women, and children. Manly concluded this harrowing part of his book with the following: “Just as we were ready to leave and return to camp we took off our hats, and then overlooking the scene of so much trial, suffering and death spoke the thought uppermost saying, ‘Goodbye, Death Valley!’” Despite the claim of using this memorable name, Erwin G. Gudde in his California Place Names commented that no contemporary evidence supports use of the name prior to . While Manly’s classic work is best known for its gripping life-and-death struggle in the desert, he also penned important observations of Los Angeles, San Jose, California’s coastal valleys, and the Mother Lode. A lead miner in Wisconsin, he wrote with authority on his own mining experiences although he met with only

 Item . Manly’s Death Valley in ’. “No other book that has ever been written about Death Valley can even remotely approach the Manly in historic importance. It is unlikely that one ever will” (Edwards).

 modest success. Like all others, he commented on the gambling and drinking establishments. The Argonaut drifted through the mining districts around Mariposa, Big Oak Flat, Coloma, and Georgetown. He was also involved in the Gold Lake excitement that quickly proved to be a fraud. On November , , the pioneer sailed from San Francisco to Panama and New Orleans, returning in July . Manly then worked the mines in Yuba County and traveled throughout Northern California. He also included a history of the “Jayhawk- ers,” another band of immigrants who struggled through the forbidding California desert. Given the distance of time, from  to when Manly wrote this recollection some forty-five years later, it makes this book all the more extraordinary. What an incredible memory he had. During the actual trek, Manly maintained a diary,and in  he wrote out for his parents a three-hundred-page letter describing the awful journey. Both were lost. Apparently, he never forgot what transpired, writing in his book: “Every point of that terrible journey is indelibly fixed upon my memory. Though seventy-three years of age on April th, ,I can locate every camp, and, if strong enough, I could follow that weary trail from Death Valley to Los Angeles with unerring accuracy.” Earlier, from  to , Manly wrote a serialized version in thirty-eight monthly columns for The Santa Clara Monthly entitled “From Vermont to California.” Other Manly accounts of the ordeal were published in the San Jose Pioneer, Pacific Tree & Vine, and Inyo Independent. In putting this book together, Manly enlisted the help of an editor or an assistant. Lawrence Clark Powell, in his California Classics, mentions a man by the name of Smith who helped prepare the manuscript for publication. LeRoy and Jean Johnson, in the preface to the  edition, say a young journalist named Helen E. Harley actually wrote the book with Manly supplying notes and dictation. At any rate, Manly, at the ripe age of seventy-three, must have received help. This is no way detracts from the power of his narrative. When the book was published it received a favorable review in Charles F. Lummis’s Land of Sunshine. The colorful editor praised the accuracy of Manly’s narrative but derided the book’s typography: “Printed by ‘blacksmiths’ who have disfigured its every page with mis-spellings and letters upside down...a pity it is that a narrative of so much worth historically should have fallen to the tough mercies of the most incompetent printers in California.” The Lakeside Press in  published a shortened edition with an introduction by Milo Milton Quaife. In ,Wallace J. Hebberd of Santa Barbara published another edition with a foreword by John Steven McGroarty and attractive illustrations by Alson Clark; the sequence of chapters differs from the first edition. In , the Borden Publishing Company reprinted the Wallace Hebberd edition with a new introduction by Carl I. Wheat. Demonstrating the autobiography’s continued interest and vitality, two new editions were issued in .The Narrative Press of Santa Barbara published their edition in both paperback and eBook format.Heyday Books and Santa Clara University jointly published another edition featuring an introduc- tion by Patricia Nelson Limerick and a preface and notes by Death Valley experts LeRoy and Jean Johnson. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Introduction by Patrica Nelson Limerick and preface by LeRoy and Jean Johnson in Death Valley in ’ (Santa Clara: Santa Clara University; Berkeley: Heyday Books, ); Lawrence Clark Powell, California Classics (Los Angeles: The Ward Ritchie Press, ), pp. -.

 Item . Marryat’s brilliantly illustrated Mountains and Molehills. “Marryat’s vivid watercolors and his book constitute an important contribution to the art and literature of the Gold Rush” (Jeanne Van Nostrand).

 [  ]

MARRYAT,Frank [Samuel Francis] (-). Mountains and Molehills; or, Recollections of a Burnt Journal...with Illustrations by the Author. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, .x []  pp., engraved illus- trated title,  tinted lithographic plates drawn on stone by Messrs. Hanhart from artwork by Marryat,  engraved text illustrations. vo, early three-quarter smooth red calf over red cloth, spine with green gilt- lettered label, restrained gilt ornamentation, and raised bands, marbled edges. Spine a bit dark, joints rubbed, and few spots to covers, front endpaper with light adhesive residue where bookplate or other matter was removed, text fine; the wonderful plates are fresh and bright. Newspaper clipping from  affixed to back flyleaves, with historical material on early San Francisco emphasizing Vigilance Committee activities. Old ink note on back endpaper “Standard .” Laid in is Dawson’s invoice to Beatrice Simpson Volkmann for . dated November , . First edition. Braislin .Cowan I, pp. -:“An entertaining work, and greatly superior to the New York edition of the same year. The colored lithographs...depicting California life and scenes, are the most attrac- tive prints of that period.” Cowan II, p. . Graff . Gudde, California Gold Camps, p. . Hamilton, Early American Book Illustrators and Wood Engravers  & vol. ,pp.- (citing the New York  edition, assign- ing the present English edition priority,comparing the iconography in both editions, and concluding that the inferior full-page engravings in the U.S. edition were recut and reduced in size and that the text illustrations in the U.S. edition were also redone). Holliday .Howell , California : “One of the best descriptions of life at the mines in the s and of San Francisco and the Ranchos.” Howes M. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush a. Nor- ris .Peters, California on Stone, pp. -. Plath . Streeter Sale  (noting that the book is “one of the twelve important books on the gold rush picked out by J. Gregg Layne and listed in the Book Club of Cali- fornia Quarterly News Letter,Autumn ”). Van Nostrand, The First Hundred Years of Painting in California, pp. -: “Marryat’s vivid watercolors and his book, Mountains and Molehills, constitute an important contribu- tion to the art and literature of the Gold Rush.” Van Nostrand & Coulter, California Pictorial, pp. -: “Marryat used his inheritance to outfit himself for a hunting trip to California, accompanied by a servant and three bloodhounds. He arrived in California in the late fall of ’.” Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush . Zamorano  #. See also Samuels, Encyclopedia of Artists of the American West, pp. . The inspired colored plates after artwork by English artist and author Marryat are justly celebrated. The plates are: “Where the Gold Comes From” (frontispiece); “High and Dry” (op. p. ,a view of a street scene on the waterfront as it appeared in , including a lithography and printing establishment and an old, beached ship used as a storehouse, illustrated in Tyler, Prints of the West, p. ); “Chagres River” (op. p. ); “Winter of ” (op. p. ,depicting the muddy streets of San Francisco); “Bar Room of Sonora” (op. p. ); “Horse Auction” (op. p. ); “San Francisco—A Fireman’s Funeral” (op. p. ); “Crossing the Isth- mus” (op. p. ). One of the most technically accomplished lithographic firms of Victorian England, M. & N. Hanhart of London, transformed Marryat’s original artwork to lithographic plates that are bold yet deli- cate. Founded by Michael Hanhart, the firm had a long and successful history, published its first prints in , and continued to produce work beyond . Hanhart published everything from book illustrations to lithographic sheet music covers to large individual prints, and excelled in complex layering of tint stones unique for their coloration and tonal values. (-,) [e\ B , artist, and sailor Frank Marryat must be credited with writing one of the most entertaining, fast-moving, humorous, and colorful descriptions of Gold Rush California. Mountains and Molehills is one of the real showpieces of California literature. His powers of description are utterly entrancing and can only be matched by Bayard Taylor (q.v.) and John D. Borthwick (q.v.). Unlike reporter Taylor, he was not an observer but a full participant in this cauldron of chaos. Brilliantly written and illustrated, his book, along with a hand- ful of others, forever shaped the perception of the greatest gold rush in world history.

 Marryat, the son of popular novelist Frederick Marryat, began his narrative in April , as he approached Chagres on the eastern side of the Isthmus of Panama. On June , , he arrived in San Fran- cisco to see the city recovering from one of its great fires. Despite this setback, he found the place in a “fever- ish state of excitement,” and encountered that most famous of all Gold Rush institutions, the gambling saloon. “On entering one of these saloons,” Marryat wrote, “the eye is dazzled almost by the brilliancy of chandeliers and mirrors. The roof, rich with giltwork, is supported by pillars of glass; and the walls are hung with French paintings of great merit, but of which female nudity form alone the subject. The centres of the tables are covered with gold ounces and rich specimens from the diggings.” Such magnetic descriptions no doubt shocked Victorian sensibilities and lured young men by the thousands. Marryat did come to California to find riches, and in the summer and fall of  engaged in backbreak- ing quartz mining near Tuttletown, Tuolumne County. During his California adventure, Marryat jotted down incredible and vivid descriptions of saloons, fires, claim jumpers, bears, fleas, mining techniques, min- ing camps, Chinese and French miners, theaters, ranchos, and señoritas. In short, every conceivable subject of interest seemed to touch his ever-alert mind. Even with a few economic setbacks, he experienced more in a few short months than most of his contemporaries did in a lifetime. Having seen and done enough, the Britisher left California in the spring of  promising to return. Taking a steamer, he headed to New York via the Isthmus. After getting married, the Marryats headed to California but, while making the Panama crossing, the new bridegroom contracted yellow or “Chagres” fever, a condition that severely compromised his health. He stayed long enough in San Francisco to see the city completely transformed.

Item . One of the hilarious text engravings from Marryat’s Gold Rush classic, Mountain and Molehills.

 Marryat returned to England to prepare his book for publication. Demonstrating his good-natured ability to bounce back, he wrote in his preface that his journal and drawings had been destroyed in one of San Fran- cisco’s many fires, resulting in his tongue-in-check subtitle. Possessed of a remarkable memory, he recreated his journal and sketches. Early in , the book was published in London and New York and a positive review appeared in Harper’s Magazine for June , accurately calling it a “fresh, racy, good-humored book.” Sadly,before the talented writer could receive the proper acclaim due him, he died on August , , not yet thirty. In addition to being a writer of uncommon skill, Marryat was an artist with an abundance of talent. The subject matter he encountered readily inspired his creative instincts and provided memorable illustrative material. When the English edition was published, it featured eight exquisite colored lithographs based on his drawings. These plates not only graphically show the hardships everyone faced, but also reveal the English- man’s wry sense of humor. His “High and Dry,” “Winter of ,” and “Bar Room of Sonora” rank among the most memorable and oft-reproduced views of the Gold Rush. The lithographs are supplemented by eighteen black-and-white wood engravings that provide a truly wonderful caricature of life in California. The American edition, published in New York by Harper & Brothers, lacks the colored lithographs and instead came with the same number of illustrations, all reproduced as wood engravings. Stanford University Press produced a facsimile of the American edition in , with introduction and notes by Marguerite Eyer Wilbur. In , Lippincott reprinted the English edition as part of the Keystone Western Americana Series. Time-Life Books also produced a facsimile. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Bruce Le Roy, “Frank Marryat’s ‘Mountains and Molehills,’” The Book Club of California Quarterly News-Letter : (Summer ), pp. -; Marguerite Eyer Wilbur, Introduction to Mountains and Molehills; or, Recollections of a Burnt Journal (Stanford: Stanford University Press, ).

 Item . McGlashan’s History of the Donner Party. “The first detailed narrative history of this horror in the snow which still must be regarded as the beginning point for any serious study pertaining to this most controversial of all overland episodes” (Kurutz). [  ]

McGLASHAN, C[harles] F[ayette] (-). History of the Donner Party: A Tragedy of the Sierras. Truckee: Published by Crowley and McGlashan, (Proprietors Truckee Republican), [].  pp. vo, original full sheep, gilt-lettered dark green morocco spine labels, marbled endpapers. Some stains on lower cover and binding worn (upper joint cracked, lower joint beginning to crack, spine rubbed, lower spine label chipped, corners bumped with some board exposed, one small void approximately  cm in diameter on back cover), interior fine other than occasional mild staining. Overall a very good to good copy in the rare and fragile sheep binding. Contemporary ownership inscription on front flyleaf: “Mrs. D. W. Willard, Jany th .” Slightly later pencil inscription erased (Mrs. H. A. Keller). A few faint old mathematical calculations on lower endpapers. First edition. Bennett, American Book Collecting, pp. -. Blumann & Thomas .Cowan I, p. . Cowan II, p. . Graff . Holliday .Howell , California : “Still regarded as the definitive book on the subject.” Howes M: “Best account of the most harrowing of all overland disasters.” Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .LC,California Centennial . Libros Californianos, pp. ,  (Powell commentary); p.  (Hanna list): “An essential item for the student of the California story.” Mintz, The Trail . Norris .Paher, Nevada .Rocq . Streeter Sale . Zamorano  #.(-,)

. McGLASHAN, C[harles] F[ayette]. Ter rible! Thrilling! True! History of the Donner Party. A Tragedy of the Sierra [view, with “Photo Eng. Co. White” at lower right corner] Price, Paper, - - .. Sent Prepaid to any Address on Receipt of Price, by the Author C. F. McGlashan, Truckee, Cal. Sacramento: H. S. Crocker & Co., []. Broadside advertisement printed on heavy paper in blue with red and green decorative border (. x . cm;  x  inches). Fine. Promotional for McGlashan’s book. Scarce ephemeron. (-) [e\ T  of the Donner Party is, without doubt, one of the most sensational events in the history of the American West, rivaling the fall of the Alamo and Custer’s last stand. C. F. McGlashan, the editor of the Truckee Republican and earlier author of a series of articles on the emotion-charged Mountain Meadows Mas- sacre in Utah, wrote the first detailed narrative history of this horror in the snow which still must be regarded as the beginning point for any serious study pertaining to this most controversial of all overland episodes. McGlashan had the advantage of timing. He was distant enough from the event to have perspective and yet close enough in time to have access to the primary sources. In preparation for this book, he interviewed twenty-four out of the twenty-six living survivors, wrote and received over two thousand letters, read virtually every printed account, read manuscript diaries including the famous Patrick Breen diary, and thoroughly inspected the scene of the disaster while still in a relatively undisturbed state. His thoroughness in gathering documentation was nothing short of remarkable for a journalist of the s not trained in historical method or archaeology. McGlashan succeeded in gaining the confidence of many of the families including Graves, Murphy, Reed, Breen, Donner, and Tucker, and from them pieced together this heart-rending history. Fur- thermore, McGlashan followed up his chronicle of tragedy with a review of the subsequent recriminations, rumor mongering, and demonizing of Lewis Keseberg, and how individuals and families were faring in the s. By and large he was able to separate fact from mythology. Regrettably and tragically for history, McGlashan burnt much of his Donner archive shortly before his death in . To preview the sad, distressing subject of his book, McGlashan opened his preface with the following spine-tingling sentence: “The delirium preceding death by starvation is full of strange phantasies.” In this preface, he contrasted the horrible event with the peaceful mountain site not far from the railroad tracks, writing: “More thrilling than romance, more terrible than fiction, the sufferings of the Donner Party form a bold contrast to the joys of pleasure-seekers who to-day look down upon the lake from the windows of silver

 palace cars.” The chapter subtitles warn the squeamish that this is not going to be an “everybody lived happily ever after” story. “A Poem Composed while Dying,” “Starving Children Lying in Bed,” “The Sleep of Death,” “Living upon Snow Water,” and “The Flesh of the Dead,” to name just a few, indicate the horror that awaits the reader. When published, the book sold out in less than two weeks, an unprecedented sale for the time period. McGlashan issued a broadside to promote the book with the attention grabbing words “Terrible! Thrilling! True!” serving as the headline. The book, selling for ., was a work in progress. After the first edition appeared, the author revised, expanded, and corrected the text, and added illustrations and portraits. By ,when Stanford University Press printed a new edition, the book had already been reprinted twelve times. McGlashan’s book has been criticized for its biases, florid language, and kid-glove treatment of those who supplied him with information. For the second edition published in  by A. L. Bancroft in San Fran- cisco, McGlashan deleted or revised passages that disturbed Eliza P. Donner Houghton, the Reed women, and William Murphy. Bliss McGlashan Hinkle, the author’s daughter, and her husband, George H. Hinkle, wrote the foreword to the Stanford edition. Both were trained historians specializing in the Sierra and did not mince words about the shortcoming of the elder McGlashan’s book: “Its language is saturated with senti- ment, and great stretches of the narrative are written in the pressed-flower-and-keep-sake style of a young lady’s album of the period.” Even with its flaws, The History of the Donner Party remains a respected work. Joseph A. King, in a recent study () of the many interpretations of the ordeal, offered this assessment: “An historian today,attempting to write a history of the Donner Party,could work without [J. Quinn] Thorn- ton [Oregon and California in ], [Eliza P.Donner] Houghton [The Expedition of the Donner Party], and [George R.] Stewart [Ordeal by Hunger], but could not do without the McGlashan book.” —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : George H. Hinkle and Bliss McGlashan Hinkle, Foreword to History of the Donner Party: A Tragedy of the Sierra (Stanford: Stanford University Press, ); Joseph A. King, Winter of Entrap- ment (Lafayette, California: K & K Publications, ), pp. -.

 [  ]

McGOWAN, Edward ( or -). Narrative of Edward McGowan, Including a Full Account of the Author’s Adventures and Perils while Persecuted by the San Francisco Vigilance Committee of .... San Francisco: Published by the author, . viii []- pp.,  engraved text illustrations,  of which are full-page (some signed by Huestis). mo, original buff printed wrappers with engraved portrait of McGowan and facsimile of his sig- nature, title within typographical border, sewn. Fragile wrappers with mild to moderate staining and wear (upper wrap missing a long, thin strip approximately  x . cm along blank outer edge of wrap and tip of lower corner; no loss to text, border, or image), outer blank corners of lower wrap stabilized with old tissue, delicate spine split and slightly chipped, several pages dog-eared, a few light stains and occasional foxmarks. Overall a very good copy in the rare wrappers with author’s portrait. Preserved in a green cloth chemise and slipcase with Estelle Doheny’s green gilt-lettered morocco label affixed to chemise. Christie’s printed tag with lot number for Doheny sale laid in. Pencil note on inside back wrap indicating that this copy sold at the Holl- iday Sale in , printed catalogue slip from Holliday Sale laid in (see Holliday ). Old ink notation “” on back wrap. First edition. Adams, Guns . Blumann & Thomas .Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. . Doheny Sale  (this copy). Graff : “Ned McGowan, as his Narrative proves, and as Carl I. Wheat indicates in his con- tinuation of the work, was a prime rascal, one of the truly colorful characters in California during the middle of the last century.” Greenwood . Holliday .Howell , California .Howes M. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .LC,California Centennial . Nor- ris .Rocq . Streeter Sale . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush . Zamorano  # (J. Gregg Layne): “One of the rare pieces of Californiana.” (,-,)

. MCGOWAN, Edward. Narrative of Edward McGowan.... San Francisco: Published by the author, . Another copy. mo, early- or mid-twentieth-century three-quarter brown morocco over tan cloth, spine gilt- lettered, raised bands (binder’s identifying stamp on front endpaper, but indecipherable). Light binding wear (especially at corners), pastedowns abraded where bookplates or other materials were removed, first few sig- natures foxed, generally a very good copy,with facsimile of wraps from the Russell edition (see next) tipped in at front. (-)

. MCGOWAN, Edward. Narrative of Edward McGowan.... San Francisco: Thomas C. Russell, .[, lim- itation leaf]  [, facsimile of wraps]  pp., facsimile of original wrappers printed in orange, text illustra- tions on maize grounds, decorated chapter headings and vignettes. mo, original slate green boards, printed paper spine label. Spine light, slight wear to fragile binding (short splits at head and foot of spine, label a trifle chipped), internally very fine. Second edition, limited edition (# of  copies). Howell , California :“An exact reprint of the first edition.” Howes M.(-) [e\ C I. W, the great bibliographer and historian of the Gold Rush, characterized McGowan’s narrative in  as “one of the most fascinating chronicles of adventure, scurrility and libel that ever issued from any press” and in  further emphasized his opinion by writing that “it contains unquestionably one of the rich- est, raciest and most fascinating tales of hair-raising adventures and hair-breadth escapes that was ever told.” Justice of the Peace “Ned” McGowan, part of Senator David Broderick’s political machine, was accused of masterminding James P. Casey’s murder of San Francisco journalist James King of William in .To escape impending justice at the hands of the second Vigilance Committee, he skedaddled out of town. His friend Casey was not so lucky and swung from the end of a rope at the committee’s headquarters. Traveling at night and dodging the forces of the all-seeing eye of law-and-order boys, the fugitive hid out in the rugged mountains of the Santa Barbara area with the assistance of outlaw Jack Powers and the kindly Dr. Nicholas

 Item . McGowan’s Narrative on the Vigilance Committee. “One of the most fascinating chronicles of adventure, scurrility and libel that ever issued from any press [and] one of the richest, raciest and most fascinating tales of hair-raising adventures and hair-breadth escapes that was ever told” (Wheat). Den. His ability to elude the self-appointed lawmen earned him the nickname of “Ned the Ubiquitous.” When the excitement died down, slippery Ned turned up in Sacramento, and demanded a trial to clear his good name. The trial was held in neutral Napa, and exercising legal tactics that would impress even modern defense attorneys, McGowan won his freedom. Vindicated, he set himself up in Sacramento and began writing a book about his side of the story con- cerning his persecution by the Vigilantes. Self-published in  and dedicated to Dr. Den, Ned’s narrative created a sensation not only for the incredible adventure but also for his defiance of the powerful Vigilantes. The wrapper title with its portrait of the author signed “your friend” and its rabble-rousing subtitle no doubt attracted much attention. It was easily the most action-packed book published in California during the Golden Era, rivaling in excitement John Rollin Ridge’s quasi-historical account of Joaquín Murieta (q.v.). Not content to stop with a single book, McGowan then went on to skewer his tormentors with a little news- paper appropriately called The Ubiquitous. Thomas C. Russell of San Francisco reprinted this sensational book in  in an edition of only  copies. Biobooks’s Joseph T.Sullivan published another version in  under the title of McGowan vs. Califor- nia Vigilantes in an edition of  copies. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Carl I. Wheat, “Ned, the Ubiquitous: Being the Further Narrative of Edward McGowan,” California Historical Society Quarterly : (March ), pp. - and “Ubiquitous Ned: The Story of a Politician, Journalist and Forgotten Swashbuckler of the Days of ’,” Touring Topics : (March ), pp. -, .

Item . Original wrappers with portrait of Ned McGowan, a “prime rascal” (Wheat).

 Item . Joaquin Miller’s Life amongst the Modocs. “Regarded as Miller’s finest prose work, earning him praise for calling attention to the injustices perpetrated on the California Indians by the invading white man” (Kurutz). [  ]

MILLER, Joaquin [Cincinnatus Hiner] (-). Life amongst the Modocs: Unwritten History. London: Richard Bentley & Son, . viii,  pp. vo, original brown cloth decorated and lettered in black on upper cover, spine gilt-lettered, beveled edges. Spine sunned, light shelf wear, internally very fresh, overall a very fine to fine copy, with printed book label of Thomas D. Murphy, contemporary pencil ownership inscription “H. W. Shield(?),  Hyde Park Gardens, London, W.” on front free endpaper, tipped-in typed slip at front “Robert J. Woods” (bibliophile, one of the essayists in the Zamorano  bibliography). First edition, Blanck’s binding A (no sequence determined). BAL .Cowan I, p. :“The author was an advocate of the cause of these Indians, and this work is in the best of his forceful, vigorous style.” Cowan II, p. .Howell , California .Howes M. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Norris .Walker, A Literary History of Southern California, pp. -; San Fran- cisco’s Literary Frontier, pp. -.Wright II:n. Zamorano  # (Phil Townsend Hanna): “When the Lon- don Athenaeum characterized the book as ‘monstrously dull,’ the poet in a letter told his critic ‘to his teeth that he is a liar, a cowrd (sic), and a cur.’” (-) [e\ J M ranks as one of California’s most colorful and best-known eccentrics. In many respects, he is better known for his Byronesque countenance, melodramatic ways, colorful nicknames, and picturesque dress than for his poetry and prose. Taking his first name from the feared bandit chief, Joaquín Murieta, the one-time lawyer, Indian fighter, poet, school teacher, horse thief, and newspaper editor demonstrated as well as anyone that in nineteenth-century California you could reinvent yourself over and over again. Cutting a dashing figure and dressed in stereotypical Western garb, he enthralled the pre-Raphaelite elite of England. He strutted through life proudly sporting such charming literary titles as “The Byron of the Rockies,” “The Poet of the Sierras,” and “The Byron of Oregon.” Life amongst the Modocs is regarded as Miller’s finest prose work, earning him praise for calling attention to the injustices perpetrated on the California Indians by the invading white man. He dedicated his work “To the Red men of America.” His book was published just at the time the Modoc War raged in the lava beds, and for this reason, drew considerable interest. Part autobiography, part dime novel, part romance, Miller’s nar- rative describes his adventurous four years living in the wilds of northeastern California with the Klamath, Shasta, Modoc, and Pit River Indians. He also tells of his romance with Paquita, a Modoc who helped him escape from jail and was later murdered by soldiers. To further protect the Native Americans from harm, he promoted the idea of creating a wilderness utopia by establishing an Indian republic among these tribes. In many respects, Miller’s quasi-autobiography with its tender love story had more of a positive impact on improving the lot of the Indians than Jackson’s Ramona (q.v.). Showing advanced thinking for that era, Miller discerned how differently the Indian and miner treated the land that gave them a living. He wrote: “They do not smite the mountain rocks for gold nor fell the pines, nor roil up the waters and ruin them for the fisher- men. All this magnificent forest is their estate.” Life amongst the Modocs was first published in London, the scene of Miller’s international triumphs. The first American edition, issued by Mark Twain’s American Publishing Company of Hartford in , included a “Publisher’s Announcement” warning potential readers that Miller’s friendly views toward the Native American “will not accord with those of many of our people.” It went on to say, “A view of the case from the Red Man’s stand point is a novel one.” The announcement, prominently located before the table of contents, hoped that its audience would look with sympathy “upon the doomed Indian.” To buttress this point, the publisher added the  report of the commissioner of Indian Affairs. A popular work in the nineteenth century, Life amongst the Modocs was reprinted several times with variations in its title. The American Publishing Company in , playing on the Indian sympathy angle, gave it a new title, Paquita, the Indian Heroine, with the following arresting subtitle: “A true story,wild and sad, overflowing with romance and adventure; and presenting graphic pictures of Indian home life in peace and war beheld by the author during his residence of four years among the Red Men.”

 When the first American edition appeared, the San Francisco Daily Alta California reviewed the book and the Overland Monthly apparently ignored it. The London Athenaeum condemned the book as “monstrously dull.” The Alta reviewer accurately summed up the impact of the book, writing, “He likes to make a sensation, and he has made one.” The Alta praised its literary composition as “strongly dramatic in effect” and that it was a book the reader would not want to leave unfinished. According to Franklin Walker, the book did much to increase this self-proclaimed living legend’s popularity and it brought him a “pot of money” to boot. Walker further noted that the poet testified that Prentice Mulford had actually rewritten the book before publication and this heavy polishing accounted for its engaging style. Because of its emphasis on the plight of the Native Americans, it was reprinted in  by The Gregg Press as part of its American Novels of Muckraking, Propaganda, and Social Protest series. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Benjamin S. Lawson, Joaquin Miller, Western Writers Series  (Boise: Boise State University, ), pp. -;Franklin D. Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, ), pp. -.

 [  ]

MUIR, John (-). The Mountains of California. New York: Century Co., . [iii]-xiii []  pp. (com- plete, including frontispiece), numerous halftone illustrations (some full-page),  maps. mo, original tan pic- torial cloth decorated in gilt and green, gilt-lettering on spine and upper cover, t.e.g. Light shelf wear, a few small red spots to covers, spine darkened, text edges moderately foxed, mild intermittent foxing to text (espe- cially near endpapers), a few pencil notations to front free endpapers, overall a very good copy. First edition, first issue, of author’s first major book. BAL :“The copies first printed, not necessarily the copies first circulated, have folio I present on the first page of text.” Cowan II, p. . Currey & Kruska, Yosemite . Holliday .Howell , California :“This first book of one of the greatest and most influen- tial environmentalists is considered by many to be his finest.” Howes M. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Kimes & Kimes, Muir . Neate, Mountaineering and Its Literature . Norris .Powell, California Classics, pp. -; Land of Fact : “Muir’s mountains are the Sierra Nevada he called the Range of Light. His book also includes chapters on the Central Valley, the foothills, passes, glaciers, trees, and birds, all in the virile prose of this tough Scot, who could walk all day on bread and cold tea.” Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier, pp. -. Zamorano  #.(-)

. MUIR, John. The Mountains of California. New York: Century Co., . [iii]-xiii []  pp. (complete, including frontispiece), numerous halftone illustrations (some full-page),  maps. mo, original tan pictorial cloth decorated in gilt and green, gilt-lettering on spine and upper cover, t.e.g. Top corners of binding bumped, old rust stains from paperclip on front endpapers and half-title that match rust stain on envelope of Muir’s letter,otherwise a very fine, bright copy.Laid in is Muir’s lengthy original autograph letter signed, with superb content, to Charles F. Lummis ( pp., to, written at Martinez, August , , original pale blue mailing envelope embossed with red two-cent stamp, addressed in ink by Muir), in which Muir writes: “...Have you noticed the efforts being made by San Francisco dollar schemers as well as the misled honest ones to beguile the government to let them invade the new Yosemite National Park for a City water supply?... Nothing more destructive to the scenery and usefulness of the Park could be done except damming Yosemite Valley itself....” Recipient Lummis founded the Southwest Museum in Los Angeles, served as city editor for the Los Angeles Times, organized the Sequoyah League, and was very sympathetic to Native American rights (Hart, Companion to California, p. ). First edition, second issue, without “I” on first page of text. (,-,) [e\ J M, California’s most famous naturalist and environmentalist, has been widely applauded for his efforts to save the state’s natural wonders. Indeed, the California Historical Society proclaimed the native of Dunbar, Scotland, as the outstanding man in the state’s history.The founder of the Sierra Club and sav- ior of the Yosemite Valley certainly must be regarded as one of the finest writers ever to grace the Golden State. His artfully written books and articles are celebrations of California’s beauty and bounty. The Moun- tains of California is his first book and has been designated by Muir scholars as his finest work. When first published, it elicited the kudos of the press, and more than a century later, this nature study still receives widespread adulation. The Mountains of California consists of previously published articles from several magazines and one news- paper, assembled and edited by Muir. He prefaced the whole with a lyric portrait of the Sierra Nevada. William Kimes, the distinguished Muir bibliographer, noted, “The book contains much of Muir’s finest writ- ing between  and .” Upon publication, the attractively designed volume received critical acclaim. The San Francisco Call declared that “no man since Thoreau ever had keener sympathy with nature, a quicker vision of her mysteries, or a surer speech for their interpretation than Mr. Muir.” In October , the reviewer for the Overland Monthly offered this ringing endorsement: “The book should not only be in every school library in California, but it should be in every home within the entire range of the grand old Sierra

 Item . John Muir’s The Mountains of California. “As the pressure of land use and development increases in the nation’s most populous state, The Mountains of California will become increasingly meaningful and precious. It is one man’s testament to the glory of the Sierra Nevada, that radiant Range of Light. By the act of reading, book and range become ours. Such is the power of a classic” (Powell).

 Nevada. It is the most valuable work of its kind that has ever been penned by a Californian.” Charles Lum- mis, in his July  issue of The Land of Sunshine, could not contain his enthusiasm: “A book which an edu- cated Californian should be ashamed not to possess and to know is John Muir’s Mountains of California. People everywhere of brains and heart will read this book and love its author.” Muir wrote with such power and passion that his text reads more like a pantheistic ode than a dull nature study smothered by endless botanical names. An awe and respect for his physical surroundings permeates his poetic words as well as a deep, driven desire for its preservation. While his friends William Keith and Thomas Hill painted masterpieces on canvas, Muir created a symphony with words. He takes the reader with him on his long walks and mountain climbs, marveling at nature’s grandeur. Despite the sweeping title, the book’s true focus is on the Sierra with a gentle bow to the Coast Range and a polite nod to the mountains of south- ern California. In his opening chapter, the naturalist offered this paean to the great range: “Along its eastern margin [of the Central Valley] rises the mighty Sierra, miles of height, reposing like a smooth, cumulus cloud in the sunny sky, and so gloriously colored, and so luminous, it seems to be not clothed with light but wholly composed of it, like the wall of some celestial city.” He went on to say, “Then it seemed to me the Sierra should be called not the Nevada, or Snowy Range, but the Range of Light.” In this magnificent work, the lean, bearded “mountain man” wrote incomparable descriptions of glaciers, snowy passes, lakes, meadows, forests, storms, and flowers. His studies of the Douglas squirrel, water ouzel, wild sheep, and bee pastures are beguiling. The exhilarating ascent up Mount Ritter imparts to the reader the thrill of standing on top of the world. When describing a Sierra windstorm, he magically captured nature’s vibrations: “The sounds of the storm corresponded gloriously with this wild exuberance of light and motion. The profound bass of the naked branches and boles booming like waterfalls; the quick tense vibrations of the pine-needles, now rising to a shrill, whistling hiss, now falling to a silky murmur; the rustling of laurel groves in the dells, and the keen metallic click of leaf on leaf—this was heard in easy analysis when the attention was calmly bent.” Such a beautiful, touching, inspiring book as The Mountains of California enjoyed immense popularity gen- erating several reprint editions. Kimes in his bibliography noted that the  edition was the ninth. In , Fulcrum published a new edition in honor of the th anniversary of Muir’s birth. The s saw several new editions including a Penguin Nature Classics in .The latest edition was published in  by Ran- dom House in their Modern Library Classic series with an introduction by Bill McKibben. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Robert C. Baron, Introduction to The Mountains of California (Golden, Col- orado: Fulcrum Inc., ); Biographical Files, California State Library; Sally M. Miller, editor, John Muir: Life and Work (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, ); Lawrence Clark Powell, California Classics (Los Angeles: The Ward Ritchie Press, ), pp. -.

 Item . Newmark’s Sixty Years in Southern California. “This Pepys Diary of California offers evidence of days often made disheartening by violence, epidemic, and drought. One gets a vivid picture of two civilizations—the old, threadbare, and shabby; the young thrashing about in its struggles to take form” (Walker). [  ]

NEWMARK, Harris (-). Sixty Years in Southern California -. Containing the Reminiscences of Har- ris Newmark, Edited by Maurice H. Newmark and Marco R. Newmark.... New York: Knickerbocker Press, . xxviii []  pp., frontispiece portrait from an engraving, numerous plates (from vintage photographs and prints), map. vo, original maroon cloth, spine gilt-lettered, t.e.g. Spine slightly faded, light shelf wear, front hinge cracked, a few traces of foxing, generally very good, with bookplate of Elenore Meherin and John D. Van Becker. Pencil notes of Warren R. Howell at back (“First Edition Zamorano  No. ”). First edition. Adams, Guns ; Herd .Cowan II, p. . Graff . Holliday .Howell , California .Howes N. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Libros Californianos, pp. - (Powell commentary); p.  (Hanna list): “Commonly referred to as ‘the Pepys diary of Los Angeles’ because of its multitude of intimate references to men and events over six decades.” Norris .Powell, Land of Fact : “Los Angeles’ most basic book—a veritable omnium-gatherum of his- tory, biography, and anecdote.” Rocq .Walker, A Literary History of Southern California, pp. -:“This Pepys Diary of California offers evidence of days often made disheartening by violence, epidemic, and drought. To the sensitive Jewish boy from West Prussia who abandoned his brandy for an umbrella in cross- ing the Isthmus of Panama in , the City of Angels was a place demanding rapid readjustment on his part.... One gets a vivid picture of two civilizations—the old, threadbare, and shabby; the young thrashing about in its struggles to take form.” Zamorano  # (J. Gregg Layne): “This work is indispensable to the stu- dent of California history for no other work contains so much detailed history of one part of California. It is a mine of information historically and biographically regarding the Los Angeles district from  up to the year of Harris Newmark’s death. Newmark was a pioneer of  and an outstanding merchant and mem- ber of the community for over half a century.... The book’s sale, due to its intense interest, was phenomenal considering its local subject matter.” (-)

. NEWMARK, Harris. Sixty Years in Southern California -.... Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin Company; Cambridge: The Riverside Press, . xxxv []  pp., frontispiece portrait, numerous plates. vo, original red cloth, gilt-lettered spine, t.e.g. Spine a bit light, else very fine, mostly unopened. Third and best edition, greatly enlarged. Howes N. Norris .Rocq . Zamorano  # (J. Gregg Layne): “All three editions have a wealth of illustrations and many scarce portraits of early pioneers.” Charles F. Lummis wrote the foreword. (-) [e\ N’  has won praise as one of the most important sources of information concerning the devel- opment of Los Angeles and its environs in the latter half of the nineteenth century.Charles Lummis, that col- orful and flamboyant interpreter of California and the Southwest, called Newmark’s encyclopedic memoir “the Pepys Diary of Los Angeles.” Densely packed with facts and anecdotes, the charm of this massive volume is its frankness, simplicity, and humor. In the introduction to the fourth edition, community historian W. W. Robinson wrote, “It is a very personal and unique account of a dusty, muddy, adobe village emerging from pueblo days and of young city rising in strength.” While the title features sixty years, this recollection is primarily devoted to the first three decades of New- mark’s residence in the City of Angels. The opening chapters can be likened to a Wild West novel. When his stage roared into town in , his Prussian jaw must have dropped upon seeing a gang of drunken field hands wandering about on the Sabbath. He then proceeded to note the abundance of saloons and gambling houses and their fascinating customers. He remarked, “Human life at this period was about the cheapest thing in Los Angeles, and killings were frequent.” Conditions, as Newmark chronicled, eventually calmed down as solid institutions and citizens took hold. His memoir proceeded to cover seemingly every major event and personality including horse races, amusements of all kinds, duels, sheriffs, entrepreneurs, railroads, mar- riages, Civil War, the infamous Chinese massacre, capture of Tiburcio Vásquez, boom of the s, and the

 Item . Vintage photos of San Pedro Street and Commercial Street in Los Angeles.

 state division controversy. Newmark himself emerges as a prosperous businessman, real estate mogul, and civic leader. Newmark, after some prodding from local historian and promoter Charles Dwight Willard, began putting together this recollection in . His two sons, Maurice and Marco, hammered their father’s notes into a manageable form but then obtained professional help by securing the services of Pasadena scholar and his- torian Dr. Perry Worden. Three years later, after painstaking fact checking and plowing though old newspa- pers, Dr. Worden had molded the pioneer’s thoughts into a coherent and highly readable book. Upon publi- cation, Sixty Years in Southern California generated such intense interest that the first edition of , copies quickly sold out. In response, a second edition with additional material came out in , and four years later a third edition of , copies rolled off the presses. In , the doyen of Los Angeles booksellers, Jake Zeitlin, produced a revised edition of , copies under the imprint of Zeitlin & Ver Brugge. As all these edi- tions attest, any city would be most fortunate to have such a personalized, straightforward memoir of its past. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Biographical Files, California State Library; Sixty Years in Southern California, - (Los Angeles: Zeitlin & Ver Brugge, ); Franklin Walker, A Literary History of Southern California (Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, ), pp. -.

 Item . Frank Norris’s McTeague. “Deeply felt, precisely observed, and masterfully constructed, the work of a youth, the work of a master. In short, a literary miracle and masterpiece, a California classic” (Powell).

 [  ]

NORRIS, Frank [Benjamin Franklin] (-). McTeague: A Story of San Francisco by...Author of “Moran of the Lady Letty.” New York: Doubleday & McClure Co., .[]  [, ads] pp. vo, original red vertical ribbed cloth decorated and lettered in white. Slightly shelf-slanted, spine a bit light, minor traces of shelf wear at spinal extremities, lower hinge starting but strong, interior very fine and clean, overall a near fine to fine copy, with none of the white stamping flaking (as is usually the case with this book). This is a difficult book to find in collector’s condition. First edition, first issue, with unexpurgated text on p.  (“moment” as last word). Baird-Greenwood . BAL . Bennett, American Book Collecting, pp. -.Cowan II, p.  (#). Edwards, Enduring Desert, p. :“Ably depicts early San Francisco and—as though motivated by some Fabian influence—determines to conclude its plot in a macabre Death Valley setting.” Howell , California . Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Johnson, High Spots of American Literature, p. . Libros Californianos, p.  (Powell commentary): “McTeague is not only the finest of all California novels, but, possibly, the greatest of all American novels.” Norris .Powell, California Classics, pp. -: “Deeply felt, precisely observed, and masterfully constructed, the work of a youth, the work of a master. In short, a literary miracle and masterpiece, a California classic.” Streeter Sale .Wright III:. Zamorano  # (Phil Townsend Hanna): “The book is particularly significant because it marks the first appearance in the United States of realistic fiction of the genre produced by Émile Zola, Maupassant, Stendhal and other European writers. In McTeague Norris set a pattern followed and developed by Theodore Dreiser, Sherwood Anderson, et al.” (-,)

. NORRIS, Frank [Benjamin Franklin]. A Story of San Francisco...McTeague, Introduction by Charles G. Nor- ris...An Exact Printing of the Text from the First Edition. San Francisco: Colt Press, .[]  [, colophon] pp., title and text illustrations by Otis Oldfield (hand-colored). to, original black buckram over floral cloth in jewel tones and gilt, printed red spine label. Spine chipped, otherwise fine. Publisher’s box not present. Limited edition ( copies). Designed by Jane Grabhorn and William Roth. (-) [e\ P T H, in writing the entry on McTeague for Libros Californianos, called it the finest, and possi- bly the greatest, American novel. Later generations may dispute this claim and others would argue that The Octopus () must be regarded as Norris’s most important work about the West. Nonetheless, this novel of the seamy side of life in San Francisco is a hallmark of California and American literature, and according to Kevin Starr, “the finest novel ever to be set in San Francisco.” Following Bret Harte and Sam Clemens, Nor- ris was the next major writer to achieve national recognition for focusing on California and Western themes. Norris’s plot centers on the character McTeague, a physically powerful but dimwitted dentist, and his wife, Trina, who had won the lottery and invested her winnings wisely. The novel provides a brilliant sociological analysis of the underside of San Francisco society, a society dominated by avarice, jealousy, and depravity. Once the dentist is exposed as a fraud, he becomes sullen and frustrated that his wife will not squander her earnings on him. Impoverished, he deserts Trina, steals part of her money,and when he attempts to get it all, murders her.Fleeing, the desperate McTeague tries to cross Death Valley and the novel ends with him pathet- ically handcuffed to the dead body of his captor, awaiting a miserable death. Born in Chicago but considering himself a true Californian, Frank Norris saw San Francisco in a transi- tional phase between the Old West of the Gold Rush and the modernism of a sophisticated urban center. While in Paris, he fell under the spell of Émile Zola who urged him to forget about writing about medieval themes and focus on contemporary life. After a less-than-satisfactory stint at the University of California, he went to Harvard, and under the able tutelage of Professor Lewis E. Gates, honed his writing skills, choosing plots centering on his own San Francisco neighborhood. He grew up just two blocks from Polk Street, the primary scene of McTeague, and had an intimate knowledge of the people and businesses along the street.

 Norris also incorporated local news into his writing. In October ,for example, he read with interest newspaper accounts of a man who had brutally murdered his wife for money,a situation not too dissimilar to the novel. Not surprisingly, the cityscape and the people of Polk Street dominate McTeague. Norris finished the great novel late in . Naturally, a psychological book such as this with its social Darwinism, emphasis on greed, and animal imagery has become one of the most analyzed and written-about California novels. Norris’s look at lower- and middle-class life could fit just about any American city. When published in , the established literary world was not ready for McTeague with its shockingly morbid scenes. One reviewer called it “about the most unpleasant American story that anybody had ever ventured to write.” Gradually, however, McTeague won its disciples for its cutting-edge writing and brutal realism. Professor Don Graham, for example, offered this contemporary analysis in explaining the environment of the hulking Polk Street dentist: “Norris understood that McTeague was in some respects a victim of the closed frontier. Norris’s image of the West in this novel— city and frontier—is a grim one indeed. It is a land of pulsing but unfocused energies, a place where civiliza- tion has failed to provide an adequate environment for the disposed frontiersman and urban peasant.” Norris’s searing novel was turned into a film masterpiece in  by Erich von Stroheim with the appro- priate title of Greed. In , the Colt Press published an elegant new edition of  copies with an introduc- tion by the author’s brother, Charles G. Norris, and in , the New American Library published another edition with an afterword by Kenneth Rexroth as part of its Signet Classic series. The best scholarly edition was published in  by Penguin Books with a penetrating and insightful introduction by Kevin Starr. Nor- ris, during his all-too-short life, produced, in addition to McTeague and The Octopus, such other important works as Blix, a novelette set in San Francisco’s bohemian milieu, Vandover and the Brute, and The Pit. Norris also did much writing for the Wave, a San Francisco literary and social magazine. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Don Graham, “Frank Norris” in A Literary History of the American West (Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press), pp. -;Lawrence Clark Powell, California Classics (Los Angeles: The Ward Ritchie Press, ), pp. -.

 Item . Ad from Norris’s McTeague, “not only the finest of all California novels, but, possibly, the greatest of all American novels” (Powell).

 Item . Palóu’s biography of Junípero Serra. “The first biography of an Alta California personality” (Mathes). [  ]

PALÓU, Francisco (-). Relación histórica de la vida y apostólicas tareas del Venerable Padre Fray Junípero Serra, y de las misiones que fundó en la California septentrional, y nuevos establecimientos de Monterey.... Mexico: Felipe de Zúñiga y Ontiveros, .[]  pp., copper-engraved allegorical portrait of Serra performing apostolic labors, fold- ing copper-engraved map: Californias: Antigua y Nueva Notas. En èsta Carta no se escribn. los nombr s. de tod s. las Yslas, P tos. Rios, y demàs, pr. ser hecha pa. solo demostrar lo qe. andubo, y Misions. qe. fundó en la Nvã. Calif a. el V. P.Fr. Junipero Sèrra, Presidte. de èllas. La longd. es arreglada al meridiano de S. Blas. Diego Tronosco Sc. Mex co. ao. ... (. x  cm; ⅛ x ⅞ inches). vo, original vellum, spine with original manuscript lettering in sepia ink. Early inoffensive red and black library markings on spine. Vellum split in several places along edges, rawhide ties no longer present, a few clean tears to endpapers at hinges, but overall a fine, desirable copy, crisp text and strong impressions of por- trait and map. Marca de fuego on upper edges of text block. Engraved armorial bookplate of Manuel Romero de Terreros (“Ex Libris Manuel Romero de Terreros/March: de Sancto Francisco”). Manuel Romero de Ter- reros y Vinent (-), well-known and widely published specialist in Mexican colonial history and art, was a professor at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, one of the founders of Academia Mexicana de la Historia, and the possessor of a superb library. He was a descendant of Pedro Romero de Terreros, Conde de Regla (-), benefactor of the Franciscan colleges of Santa Cruz de Querétaro and Guadalupe de Zacatecas (Texas missions), founder of Monte de Piedad, etc. See Diccionario Porrúa. First edition, second issue, with title above imprint reading: “A expensas de don Miguel González Calderón”; the catchword on the final page of the index being “PRO”; and the toponym “MAR PACI- FICO” appearing on the map (in the first issue the line “A expensas de varios bienhechores” appears on the title page and the catchword “CAR” appears on the final page of the index). Barrett, Baja California . Cowan I, pp. -:“The most famous and the most extensive of the early works that relate to Upper Cali- fornia.” Cowan II, p. . Graff . Hill, pp. -:“This work has been called the most noted of all books relating to California.” Holliday .Howell , California :“This life of Fr. Junípero Serra, the founder of the California Missions, consists chiefly of letters from Serra to his friend and companion Fr. Palóu.” Howes P. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .LC,California Centennial .Jones . Libros Californianos (Wagner & Hanna lists), pp. , ; also, pp. -, - (Powell commentary). Mathes, California Colonial Bibliography . Medina, México . Norris . Streeter Sale . Wagner, Spanish Southwest .Weber, The California Missions, p. . Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West  & I, p. : “[The map] is of interest here because it seems to be the first on which a boundary line was drawn between Lower and Upper California.” Zamorano  # (Henry R. Wagner): “This book is perhaps the commonest relating to the history of California printed in Spanish, as W. W. Blake, a bookseller in Mexico City, unearthed a cache about forty years ago of some fifty new copies in a monastery of Santa Cruz in Querétaro. This accounts for the number of mint copies still in circulation.” A choice Mexican colonial imprint with superb content, printed by the noted firm of Zúñiga y Ontiveros, with an engraved map of California and portrait by Diego Troncoso, and excellent prove- nance. Mathes says that the portrait of Serra is the first published portrait of a European living in Alta Cal- ifornia (Cortés lived in Baja California for a year and his portrait was published on several occasions in the sixteenth century; there are painted portraits of Cortés, Porter y Casanate, Salvatierra, and Ugarte, but they were published only in modern editions and not contemporarily). “Troncoso’s map depicts the extent of European settlement in Nueva, the present-day California, at this time, eighteen years after the Span- ish occupation of California in .Troncoso’s map shows the location of nine missions, of the ultimate number of twenty-one, founded by Father Junípero Serra during his lifetime. The missions are connected by El Camino Real—The King’s Highway—a route still largely followed by U.S. Highway .The four Presidios at San Diego, Santa Barbara, Monterey, and San Francisco are located.... Although this map is simply drawn and has some geographical distortions, it shows the ‘islands, ports, and rivers’ of the coast region of California, the region of Spanish occupation. The representation of San Francisco Bay is based on the Spanish survey made at the time of their first entry into the bay.... The map is one of the earliest

 known maps to show a boundary between the two Californias. This line, just below San Diego, demarks the religious jurisdictions of the Dominicans (Antigua) and Franciscan (Nueva) religious orders” (Alfred W. Newman in California :Forty-Nine Maps of California from the Sixteenth Century to the Present , illustrated p. ). Mathes, La Ilustración en México Colonial, p.  & Plate  (noting that the talented engraver Diego Troncoso also engraved the unsigned portrait of Father Serra gracing the present book). See also Manuel Romero de Terreros, Grabados y Grabadores en la Nueva España (Mexico, ) and Manuel Toussaint, Arte Colonial en México (Mexico, ). (,-,)

Item .“The earliest map to locate the Alta California missions, the Camino Real of the Californias, and the administrative borderline established by Palóu between the Franciscan and Dominican jurisdictions in ...executed on copper by the famed Mexican engraver Diego Troncoso” (Mathes).

.PALÓU, Francisco. Francisco Palóu’s Life and Apostolic Labors of the Venerable Father Junípero Serra, Founder of the Franciscan Missions of California, with an Introduction and Notes by George Wharton James.... English Translation by C. Scott Williams. Pasadena, California: [Printed by R. R. Donnelley and Sons Company, at the Lakeside Press, Chicago, for] George Wharton James, . xxxiv,  [] pp., plates (included in pagination), folding map. vo, original brown cloth. Fine. First complete edition in English. Barrett, Baja California .Cowan II, p. .Howes P.For more on editor George Wharton James (-), see Hart, Companion to California and Thrapp II, p. .(-)

.PALÓU, Francisco. The Expedition into California of the Venerable Padre Fray Junípero Serra and His Companions in the Year ...and Hitherto Unpublished Letters of Serra, Palóu, and Galvéz. The Whole Newly Translated and

 Arranged...by Douglas S. Watson.... San Francisco: Nueva California Press, .[] iii [,blank]  [, colophon] pp., frontispiece portrait (sepia halftone after portrait of Father Serra in the original edition),  fac- similes, folding map. to, original half vellum over gold boards printed in terracotta, spine lettered in terra- cotta. Very fine in lightly worn d.j. Limited edition (# of  copies, signed by editor and with the facsimiles that did not appear in the trade edition). Howell , California .Rocq .(-)

.[PALÓU, Francisco]. [MAGEE, David]. An Original Leaf from Francisco Palóu’s “Life of the Venerable Father Junípero Serra” :A Keepsake Presented by the Roxburghe Club of San Francisco on the Occasion of Their Visit to The Zamorano Club of Los Angeles September -, . [San Francisco: Grabhorn Press, ]. [] leaves, original leaf from the first edition of Palóu’s Relación histórica de la vida y apostólicas tareas del Venerable Padre Fray Junípero Serra (see Item  above) tipped onto leaf [] (pp. /, with text referring to the Anza expedition and Monterey), gilt and red initial letter on leaf []. Folio, original stiff cream paper wrappers, upper cover with red label printed in gilt. Very fine. Limited edition ( copies, signed by David Magee). Grabhorn (-) #. Hill, p. : “David Magee, -, believed that Palóu’s life of Father Serra was the first literary work to be undertaken in San Fran- cisco and as a consequence Palóu was the city’s first author.... Magee had a keen interest in the cultural life of San Francisco and for half a century worked hard as a book dealer and publisher.His influence was especially felt through his patronage of fine printers in the Bay Area.” Magee wrote the text for this refined leaf book printed on handmade English paper by the Grabhorns. (-) [e\ M J S was born at Petra, Majorca, in  and entered the Franciscan Order at Palma in , taking the religious name of Junípero. Following his religious and philosophical studies and ordination, he served as professor of philosophy from  to  at the Convento de San Francisco where his students included Francisco Palóu and Juan Crespí. Serra received his doctorate in theology at the Universidad Llu- liana in Palma in  and served on the faculty there from  to ,when he volunteered to serve in the American missions. Accompanied by Palóu and thus initiating a lifelong companionship, Serra landed in Veracruz and proceeded to Mexico City, reaching the Colegio de San Fernando on January , . Six months later, Serra and Palóu volunteered to serve in the missions to the Pame in the Sierra Gorda of Queré- taro where they served for eight years. During this period, the Franciscans enjoyed great success and Serra and Palóu became experienced missionaries to Indians. Recalled to Mexico City in , he remained at San Fernando in various posts until  when he was informed that he was to assume the presidency of the mis- sions of California vacated by the expelled Society of Jesus. Serra, accompanied by Palóu and other friars, left for Tepic and subsequently sailed from San Blas to Loreto in March, . Assignments were made to the ex-Jesuit missions, with Serra at Loreto and Palóu at San Javier; however, the arrival of Visitor General José de Gálvez led to the preparation of the Sacred Expe- dition destined to be the foundation of Alta California, and in March , Serra marched north to San Diego with Captain Gaspar de Portolá, leaving Palóu in charge of the peninsular missions. En route, Serra founded his first California mission, San Fernando Velicatá, and for the next fifteen years he would be responsible for the development of Alta California with the founding of San Diego de Alcalá (), San Car- los Borromeo (), San Antonio de Padua (), San Gabriel Arcángel (), San Luis Obispo de Francia (), San Francisco de Asís (), San Juan Capistrano (), Santa Clara de Asís (), and San Bue- naventura (). From  until his death in , Serra maintained his administrative seat at San Carlos Borromeo where he was joined by Palóu in  after the latter turned the peninsular missions over to the Dominican Order. Palóu served as missionary in San Francisco de Asís (Dolores) from  to ,when he left for Mexico City and the Colegio de San Fernando. At the time of Serra’s death on August , ,Palóu administered the viaticum to his beloved professor and coreligious. Upon his return to Mexico City, Palóu devoted his time to the writing of an edifying biography of Father Serra, the Relación histórica that appeared in two printings from the famed press of Felipe de Zúñiga y

 Ontiveros. Both printings contain an anonymous copper engraving of an allegorical portrait of Serra minis- tering to Indians, and the earliest map to locate the Alta California missions, the Camino Real of the Cali- fornias, and the administrative borderline established by Palóu between the Franciscan and Dominican jurisdictions in . Titled Californias: Antigua y Nueva, the map, showing the territory from Cabo San Lucas to Point Reyes, was executed on copper by the famed Mexican engraver Diego Troncoso. This biography, the first of an Alta California personality and of the recognized founder of the province, has appeared in Spanish editions in Mexico in ,  (edited by Miguel León-Portilla), and ,in Madrid in  and , in Ann Arbor, Michigan (facsimile) in , and in Majorca in . English trans- lations have appeared in San Francisco in ,Pasadena, California, in , and the definitive academic edition by Father Maynard J. Geiger in Washington, D.C., in . —W.Michael Mathes

Item . Marca de fuego on top fore-edges (probably from the Convento de San Cosme de México).

 [  ]

PATTIE, James O[hio] ( or -?). The Personal Narrative of James O. Pattie, of Kentucky, during an Expedition from St. Louis, through the Vast Regions between That Place and the Pacific Ocean, and Thence Back through the City of Mexico to Vera Cruz, during Journeyings of Six Years; in Which He and His Father, Who Accompanied Him, Suffered Unheard of Hardships and Dangers, Had Various Conflicts with the Indians, and Were Made Captives, in Which Captivity His Father Died; Together with a Description of the Country, and the Various Nations through Which They Passed. Edited by Timothy Flint. Cincinnati: John H. Wood, .  pp.,  engraved plates by W. Woodruff of Cincinnati. mo, original tree sheep, original dark reddish brown gilt-lettered spine label. Binding rubbed and worn (outer layer of tree calf cracked, especially at spine, where some long, thin sections of the unfinished layer of leather beneath is exposed), hinges cracked but strong; interior browned, spotted, and with moderate to heavy foxing; a few old repairs to paper, second engraving with some marginal chipping and one repair (not affecting image); fourth plate with a few short, closed tears (affecting only blank mar- gin); last engraving with a few closed tears barely touching top border and slightly extending into image (no loss of blank margins, border, or image). Front endpapers with contemporary pencil scribbles and name Darren(?) G. Wood. Back endpapers bear early penciled calculations, and John Howell–Books cost code (gsytxq). Exceedingly rare. Only two copies have sold at auction since , the Holliday-Siebert copy and the Henry H. Clifford copy. First edition of “the first printed narrative of an overland journey to California” (Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics ). American Imprints :. Barrett, Baja California n. Cowan I, p. : “Of excessive rarity.”Cowan II, p. . Eberstadt :n: “First printed narrative of an Anglo American to penetrate the Arizona Country.” Farquhar, Books of the Colorado River and the Grand Canyon  (citing the  and  editions): “The best starting point for any study of the early trappers on the Gila and other southerly tributaries of the Colorado.... The original editions of Pattie’s narrative,  and ,are so rarely found outside of permanent collections, such as the Huntington, that they are not listed here.” Field . Graff . Holliday .Howell, Anniversary Catalogue ;Cata- logue , California .Howes P: “Second overland journey to California, first over the route taken, with adventures incredible had they had not been substantiated by later investigations.” Jones .LC, California Centennial . Libros Californianos (Bliss list), p. . Plains & Rockies IV::: “Camp notes that few copies of this edition seem to have sold because few copies are known to be in existence today.” Powell, Southwestern Book Trails, p. ; Southwestern Century : “One of the earliest sources in English on the South- west.” Rittenhouse :“A classic on the Southwest...more than an incidental Santa Fe Trail item.... Edi- tor Flint included an appended account of a trip over the Santa Fe Trail in  by a Dr. Willard: Inland Trade with New Mexico. This is a useful and important source in itself.” Streeter Sale  (illustrated at p. ): “The second overland journey to California. The first expedition, under Jedediah Smith, antedates it by several months.” Walker, A Literary History of Southern California, pp. -:“The first book of literary merit to deal with the trade to New Mexico, the pursuit of beaver in the Southwest, and the advent of Americans by land in California.” Zamorano  # (J. Gregg Layne): “Both the first and second editions of the Pattie Narrative are of extreme rarity.” Of Texas interest is “The Downfall of the Fredonian Republic” (pp. -). The five engraved plates are: “Rescue of an Indian Child. Engd. by W. Woodruff Cini.”; “Mr. Pattie wounded by an Indian arrow. Engd..by W. Woodruff Cini.”; “Shooting Mr. Pattie’s Horse. Engd. by W. Woodruff Cini.”; “Messrs. Pattie and Slover rescued from Famish. Engd. by W. Woodruff Cini.”; and “Bur- ial of Mr. Pattie. Engd. by W. Woodruff Cini.” Engraver W.Woodruff is not listed by Hamilton (Early Amer- ican Book Illustrators and Wood Engravers), but seems to be the William Wood listed by Fielding, who com- ments: “Engraver of portraits and landscapes. He was in business in Philadelphia in -. He worked quite well in both line and stipple. After  he apparently removed to Cincinnati, as we find prints by him engraved in that city. Died February , .” (,-,)

 Item . Pattie’s Personal Narrative. “The first book directed at an American audience to call attention to California’s beauty and potential...the second overland journey to California...the first printed account of an overland trek to California” (Kurutz).

 .[PATTIE, James Ohio]. Early Western Travels -.... Edited...by Reuben Gold Thwaites.... Vol. XVIII... Pattie’s Personal Narrative, -.... Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark Company, .  [] pp., plates (halftones after plates in original edition). vo, original burgundy cloth, gilt-lettered spine, t.e.g. Spine faded, covers with some spotting and rubbing, hinges a bit loose. Laid in is Dawson’s invoice to Beatrice Simpson Volkmann in the amount of ,dated January , . Scholarly edition, being vol.  from Arthur H. Clark’s Early Western Travels Series. Clark & Brunet, The Arthur H. Clark Company .(-) [e\ T  ’ narrative, while providing an entertaining and fantastic Western travel adventure, ranks as the first book directed at an American audience to call attention to California’s beauty and poten- tial. Pattie enthusiastically described California’s “beautiful and sublime scenery” and its advantages of “healthfulness, a good soil, temperate climate, and...vicinity to the sea.” More superlatives are attached to this title. The Patties made the second overland journey to California, following that of Jedediah Strong Smith, and consequently, this book has the distinction of being the first printed account of an overland trek to California and its publication further opened up the Southwest to increased exploration and American expansion. Franklin Walker in his masterful A Literary History of Southern California wrote, “Although its accu- racy has been questioned and its spirit criticized, it remains the epic of the mountain men, perhaps more truly representing their attitudes, their experiences, and their adventures than any other book that has appeared on the subject.” Following the death of his wife, Sylvester Pattie and his Kentucky-born and literate, observant son, James Ohio Pattie, headed off in  for a life of incomparable adventure in the wilderness as summarized in the

Item . Engraving from Pattie’s exceedingly rare Personal Narrative,depicting the burial of his father in San Diego.

 lengthy subtitle of The Personal Narrative. During this trapping expedition, they were among the first Ameri- cans to reach Santa Fe, scour the Grand Canyon country, and descend the Gila. Their peregrinations took them to California in  but their appearance alarmed Mexican authorities causing them to be thrust into a flea-infested San Diego jail. There the senior Pattie died. The surviving Pattie secured his release by help- ing the Mexican governor fend off a smallpox (actually measles) epidemic that ravaged the mostly Indian population. Pattie claimed to have vaccinated , by himself, a fantastic number. Winning his freedom, he toured California, visited the Russian settlement at Fort Ross, and came to the aid of the governor again by helping to put down one of California’s many revolutions. Following a visit to Mexico City and Vera Cruz, Pattie returned home to Kentucky in . Key to the success of Pattie’s narrative was a chance encounter in Cincinnati with Timothy Flint, a Har- vard graduate, missionary, and frontier novelist. Flint saw a once-in-a-lifetime literary opportunity after learning of the backwoodsman’s amazing story. As pointed out by Walker, Pattie represented the quintes- sential Westerner, the natural successor to Daniel Boone. Together, the two created the prototypical West- ern adventure story. Flint claimed merely to be the editor but it is generally accepted that he played a much larger role. Historians have long analyzed the text for accuracy and speculated how much is based on an actual journal, how much Pattie dictated to Flint, and how much Flint himself wrote. While parts of the narrative are true, the Dictionary of American Biography concluded: “It is, however, to be classed as semi-fiction rather than as history.” The five plates engraved by W. Woodruff depicting dramatic scenes further excited the reader’s imagination. Charles Camp, in The Plains and the Rockies, details the publishing history of this frontier epic. Copyrighted by Woods in , the book apparently did not sell well. In ,E.H.Flint, the editor’s nephew and a Cincinnati book dealer, took possession of the unsold copies and added a new title page with his own copy- right. The insertion of the new title and date has caused some bibliographic confusion. In addition, Wagner- Camp documents four copyright variations. A pirated edition, The Hunters of Kentucky under the pseudonym of Benjamin Bilson, was produced in response to the interest in the Southwest caused by the Mexican-Amer- ican War. Several modern editions have been published with introductions by such noted historians as Milo Milton Quaife and William H. Goetzmann. The latest edition is The Personal Narrative of James O. Pattie, edited by Richard Batman (Missoula: Mountain Press Publishing Company, ). —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Richard Batman, American Ecclesiastes: The Stories of James Ohio Pattie (San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, ); Robert Glass Cleland, A History of California: The American Period (New York: The Macmillan Company, ), pp. -;James D. Hart, American Images of Spanish California, pp. -;Franklin Walker, A Literary History of Southern California (Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of Cali- fornia Press, ), pp. -; Henry Wagner, The Plains and the Rockies.... Revised and Extended by Charles L. Camp (San Francisco: Grabhorn Press, ), entry #.

 [  ]

POWERS, Stephen (-). Afoot and Alone: A Walk from Sea to Sea by the Southern Route. Adventures and Obser- vations in Southern California, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, etc.... Hartford: Columbian Book Company, . [vii]- xvi []- [] [, ad] pp. (complete), engraved frontispiece and plates by True Williams, text illustrations. vo, original brown gilt-pictorial cloth with design repeated on verso in blind, gilt-lettered spine. One corner bumped and inconsequential shelf wear, text clean and bright, overall an unusually fine, tight copy of a book seldom found in this state. From John Howell–Books, with consignor code HME, indicating that this book is from the collection of Dr. Herbert M. Evans, noted book collector and discoverer of Vitamin E. First edition. Clark, New South I::“Valuable for its characterization of Southern social classes and social life.” Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. .Edwards, Enduring Desert, p. . Graff . Hamilton, Early Ameri- can Book Illustrators and Wood Engravers  & vol. ,pp.-.Howell , California .Howes P. Hunt- ington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Munk (Alliot), p. . Nor- ris .Rocq . Saunders .Walker, A Literary History of Southern California, pp. -. Zamorano  # (J. Gregg Layne): “So keen were his observations of the Indian tribes of California that his notes were pub- lished some five years later by the U. S. Department of Interior as Volume III of Contributions to North American Ethnology.... [The book] became so popular and was so widely read that it is today almost impossible to find a fine copy.” Artist True W. Williams also illustrated works by Mark Twain, Joaquin Miller, and Bret Harte, including two other Zamorano selections—Twain’s Roughing It and Miller’s Life Amongst the Modocs (American edition). With this volume we include Powers’s California Indian Characteristics and Centennial Mission to the Indians of West- ern Nevada and California.... Preface by N. Scott Momaday. “Stephen Powers As Anthropologist” by Robert F.Heizer. [Berke- ley: Designed and Printed by Lawton and Alfred Kennedy for] The Friends of the Bancroft Library,Univer- sity of California, .[] v []  pp., color frontispiece (reproduction of watercolor of Yurok), plates (photographic), text illustration (portrait of Powers). vo, original stiff red wrappers printed in blue. Fine. This annual Bancroft Keepsake (#) includes a preface by Momaday that puts a number of Powers’s out- dated and ethnocentric assertions into a more modern context. ( vols.) (-) [e\ H P. H , in his introduction to the Book Club of Texas edition, notes that Afoot and Alone “docu- mented the last foot excursion across the continent before the railroads linked the oceans.” Because of Pow- ers’s method of travel, this delightful octavo may be considered the most interesting postpioneer travel account of a journey to California. It is a classic of Western travel literature along with Mark Twain’s Rough- ing It and Samuel Bowles’s Across the Continent. Powers,a journalist by profession and an experienced hiker, left Raleigh, North Carolina on January , , and embarked on a ,-mile, ten-month walk across the continent to San Francisco. In his preface, the imaginative pedestrian presented the following rationale for his book: “The walk from Sea to Sea, the story of which is here narrated, was undertaken, partly, from a love of wild adventure; partly from a wish to make personal and ocular study of the most diverse races of the Republic.” As stated by Hinton, it was his desire “to describe the attitude and conditions of the common man.” Bitten by the travel bug and blessed with unusual powers of observation, Powers wrote “these were the happiest days of my life” as he tramped across the South, “the great empire of Texas,” New Mexico, Ari- zona, and Southern California. Upon reaching California, he compared it to Greece, calling his journey’s end the “land of golden sunsets, of golden hills, and of golden mines.” While impressed by its natural scenery, Powers was often critical, decrying the filth and impoverished conditions he saw. He lamented the passing of the Eden-like, pastoral life of the Hispanic era and the greed and tumult caused by the Gold Rush. Wistfully, he sighed, “Then came the fatal discovery [gold], and all this Paradise became a great, roaring Pandemo- nium, a hell on earth.” San Francisco he described as the “ultimate city” but, with its sand and fierce wind,

 Item . Powers’s Afoot and Alone. “This delightful octavo may be considered the most interesting postpioneer travel account of a journey to California. It is a classic of Western travel literature” (Kurutz).

 called it “the most hideous site of all great American cities.” During his peregrinations into the valleys and along the coast, Powers frequently encountered fascinating people from disgruntled “blanket men” to hard- drinking ranch hands and farmers. He took careful note of the Native Californian cultures he encountered. In the evenings next to a campfire or in a cabin, the lone traveler recorded the day’s adventures. This journalist, who favored his feet over horses and stagecoaches, then transformed his daily record into a series of articles which he submitted to Lippincott’s Magazine and San Francisco’s new literary periodical, the Overland Monthly, beginning in .Powers wrote under the peculiar nom de plume of “Socrates Hyacinth.” Bret Harte, the editor of the Overland Monthly and an astute judge of talent, saw a book in Powers’s essays and helped him land a contract with the Columbian Book Company of Hartford, Connecticut. Afoot and Alone rolled off the presses in  and was sold by book agents, a common form of marketing. The publishing company offered the attractive volume in three binding styles: fine cloth binding for .; with gilt edges added, .; and in half morocco, ..The gold-stamped upper cover illustration of Powers with his knap- sack slung over his shoulder and the caricature-like engravings by True W.Williams added to the charm and marketability of the book. Following the publication of his book, Powers continued to write articles and stories for the Overland Monthly and travel throughout California and Nevada. The Indians of California and their ill-treatment par- ticularly attracted his attention, and in  the federal government published his pioneering work, Tribes of California. Afoot and Alone enjoyed modest success, and in , the Columbian Book Company reprinted it. Recognizing its singular value and importance, The Book Club of Texas in  published a fine press edi- tion of  copies with a brilliant introduction by Harwood P.Hinton detailing the life of this free spirit. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Harwood P.Hinton, Introduction to Afoot and Alone (Austin: The Book Club of Texas, ).

Item . Detail from upper cover of Powers’s Afoot and Alone.

 Item . Thomas W.Streeter’s copy of the Reglamento. First printing of “the earliest collection of decrees and ordinances prepared for the government of Upper California.... Copies of the original are of excessive rarity” (Cowan). [  ]

[REGLAMENTO]. CALIFORNIA (Province). LAWS. Reglamento para el gobierno de la Provincia de Californias. Aprobado por S. M. en Real Órden de . de octubre de . Mexico: Por D. Felipe de Zúñiga y Ontiveros, .[]  [] pp., engraved royal arms on title. Small folio, modern grey protective wrappers. Expertly restored: four voids on title filled (touching only one letter), chips and tears to blank margins neatly filled throughout. Title moderately soiled, minor wormholes in blank lower margin of middle portion of text, generally a very good copy of an exceedingly rare, foundational book on California history. With Streeter’s penciled provenance note on p. :“John Howell August  .” The John Howell–Thomas W. Streeter–Warren R. Howell– Henry H. Clifford copy. Preserved in a full brown morocco folding box. First edition of “the earliest collection of decrees and ordinances prepared for the government of Upper California.... Copies of the original are of excessive rarity” (Cowan I, pp. -). Barrett, Baja California .Cowan II, p. .Howell, Catalogue : (this copy): “Excessively rare.” Howes C. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .LC,California Centennial . Libros Californianos, pp. , ,  (selected by Bliss, Cowan, and Wagner as one of the twenty most important books for a California collection). Mathes, California Colonial Bibliography . Medina, México . Sloan, Auction : (March, ,Warren R. Howell Copy , fetching ,). Streeter, Americana-Beginnings : “Funda- mental regulation, affecting a great many California land titles.... Of great intrinsic interest. This Reglamento was the basis for the government of California until Mexico became independent.” Streeter Sale  (present copy,illustrated in vol.  at p.  in its state before restoration). Wagner, Spanish Southwest . Zamorano  #. (,-,)

. [REGLAMENTO]. ARRILLAGA, Basilio José. Recopilación de leyes, decretos, bandos, reglamentos, circulares y providencias de los supremos poderes y otras autoridades de la República Mexicana. Formada de órden del supremo gobierno...de enero a diciembre de . Mexico: J. M. Fernández de Lara, .[]  [, indices] [,errata] pp. vo, con- temporary full Mexican tree sheep, spine gilt-lettered, sprinkled edges. Light shelf wear, otherwise very fine, interior crisp and clean. This copy belonged to Miss Rosario Curletti, noted collector who helped endow the Santa Barbara Mission Archive and Library. Laid in is original invoice of Bennett and Marshall dated May , , to Miss Curletti. First collected edition of the laws of Mexico for , containing the second printing of the Reglamento para el gobierno de la Provincia de Californias (pp. -). Howell , California :“The Mexican province of Alta Cal- ifornia continued to be governed by these laws until they were superseded by American law in .The present edition is unknown to Cowan and Wagner, and is not recorded in Zamorano . In addition to the Reglamento, this volume contains a number of decrees pertaining to the Californias, including an ordinance determining the strength of garrisons at the Presidio of San Francisco, Monterey, Santa Barbara, and San Diego.” Howes C. Sabin . Streeter Sale :“This edition was long overlooked by bibliographers.” Arrillaga’s collected laws of Mexico - (published in  volumes -) are a basic source on Cal- ifornia, Texas, and the Southwest during the Mexican era. (-)

. [REGLAMENTO]. CALIFORNIA (Province). LAWS. Regulations for Governing the Province of the Califor- nias.... [With]: Reglamento para el gobierno de la Provincia de Californias. Aprobado por S. M. en real órden de . de octubre de .... San Francisco: Grabhorn Press, .[]  [,blank] [, colophon] + []  [,blank] [] [] pp., decorated or ornamental titles,  initials printed in sepia.  vols., vo, original black cloth over marbled boards, printed paper spine labels. Very fine. Limited edition ( copies). Grabhorn (-) #, : “Edwin Grabhorn has been heard to remark that he printed this book in lieu of another edition of Gray’s Elegy.” Bibliographical note by Oscar Lewis. ( vols.) (-)

 [e\ A    improving political and military administration, and thereby, defense of the northern frontier against potential English and French incursions, Visitor General José de Gálvez planned the creation of two entities similar to captaincy generalities, beginning with the Comandancy General of the Provincias Internas of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, to extend from Texas westward to the Californias. By Royal Order of Car- los III in the fateful year of , the new political entity was officially created and Teodoro de Croix was appointed as commandant general. Following extensive visitation, Croix recognized the immensity of terri- tory included and divided the entity into an eastern and western division. The Provincias Internas del Occi- dente were to comprise the provinces of Alta and Baja California, Sonora, and Pimería Alta, the latter finally communicating with Alta California by a land route established through the Colorado Desert by Juan Bautista de Anza between  and .Thus, the seat of government for the western Provincias Internas was established at Arizpe in Sonora by Croix. Reorganization on the northern frontier also affected Alta California more directly. Felipe de Neve, appointed provincial governor in , had, as had his predecessors, maintained his seat of government at the traditional capital of Loreto. In ,Neve was ordered to transfer his governorship to Monterey,with Loreto reduced to the seat of the lieutenant governor, Fernando de Rivera y Moncada; this was the first political division of the Californias. As governor-resident of the growing province of Alta California with eight mis- sions and three presidios, Neve, an Enlightenment secularist, sought to establish closer political control and halt jurisdictional conflict between the military and ecclesiastical authorities by establishing the unques- tioned authority of the governor. Thus, enmity developed between Franciscan mission president Fray Junípero Serra and Neve, who responded by promotion of the establishment of civil settlements, pueblos, in San José de Guadalupe in  and, later, Nuestra Señora de los Angeles de la Porciúncula in . As a means of clarifying and establishing the authority of the governor of Alta California, in  Neve issued a detailed and extensive regulation in fifteen sections for the presidios, missions, and towns of the province. These ordinances, the first established exclusively for the Californias, promoted reform in the pre- sidios; recognized the need for improved defense with a presidio at Santa Bárbara and detachments for the defense of towns; and sought to reduce corruption in supplying presidial soldiers. Most importantly, the reg- ulations detailed the requisites for civil settlement, local government, agriculture and livestock raising, and land holding, and, much to the concern of Serra, reduced the future number of missionaries to one per mis- sion, promoting the increased role of self-government among mission neophytes. These regulations were placed into effect by order of Commandant General Teodoro de Croix and, decisively so by a royal order of October , ,retroactive to June , .The published Reglamento remained in force as one of the Span- ish laws recognized by the Mexican Republic in  until the transfer of Alta California to the United States in February , and it was employed in determining land claims following California statehood in . Tragically, the Reglamento became an even more important local legal document with the effective terrestrial isolation of the Californias from the viceroyalty as a result of the massacre of Rivera y Moncada, his party of settlers, and the Franciscan missionaries on the Colorado River at Yuma in . As in the case of many decrees, proclamations, and other legal documents, few printed copies of the Reglamento have survived use and handling by administrators. Reprinted in the great Mexican compilation of laws, Recopilación de leyes, decretos, bandos... published by Basilio José Arrillaga in Mexico, -, the Reglamento appeared in a limited Spanish edition in Santa Clara in , in a bilingual edition in San Fran- cisco in , and again in Spanish in Aranjuez in . —W.Michael Mathes

 Item . Streeter’s notation of provenance and what he paid in  for this copy of the Reglamento. Item .A Tour of Duty in California written by the grandson of Paul Revere, with lithographs after the author’s original art work—“One of the best descriptions of California and the Gold Rush” (Layne).

 [  ]

REVERE, Joseph Warren (-). A Tour of Duty in California; Including a Description of the Gold Region: And an Account of the Voyage around Cape Horn; with Notices of Lower California, the Gulf and Pacific Coasts, and the Principal Events Attending the Conquest of the Californias...Edited by Joseph N. Balestier.... New York: C. S. Francis & Co.; Boston: J. H. Francis, .[] vi [,wood engraving “Design for the Arms of California”]  [,blank] [, ads] pp.,  lithographic plates (including frontispiece) after Revere’s sketches, folding lithographic map: Har- bour of San Francisco California. Sketched from Beechey’s Survey. By Joseph W.Revere U.S.N. Published by C. S. Francis & C o. N. York [below neat line at lower left]: Lith. of W m. Endicott & C o. N. York, . x  cm ( x ⅞ inches). mo, later three-quarter smooth tan calf over tan cloth, spine extra gilt with two gilt-lettered red leather labels, raised bands, t.e.g. Light outer wear and rubbing, intermittent mild to moderate foxing, one small closed tear at juncture of map and book block, generally very good to near fine. First edition of “one of the most important books on the Gold Rush [which] figures on most selected lists” (Streeter Sale ). Barrett, Baja California . Bennett, American Book Collecting, p. . Blumann & Thomas .Cowan I, pp. -: “One of the most valuable works of the period.” Cowan II, p. . Graff . Hill, pp. -. Holliday .Howell , California .Howes R. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush a. LC, California Centennial . Norris .Peters, California on Stone, p. . Plath .Vail, Gold Fever, p. .Van Nostrand, The First Hundred Years of Painting in California, pp. , -.Van Nostrand & Coulter, California Pictorial, pp. - (illustrating the plate “Quicksilver Mine—Near Santa Clara”). Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush : “Outstanding illustrations of the early period.” Zamorano  # (J. Gregg Layne): “One of the best descrip- tions of California and the Gold Rush.” The well-known firm of William Endicott & Co. of New York lithographed the original artwork of author-artist Revere. The plates are: “Sutter’s Fort—New Helvetia”; “Monterey,Capitol [sic] of California”; “Quicksilver Mine—Near Santa Clara”; “Monte Diablo—From the Sacramento River”; “A Ranchero Feat”; “A ‘Pui’ Day.” The Huntington Library owns some original artwork by Revere. See also Samuels & Samuels, Encyclopedia of Artists of the American West, p. .(-,) [e\ J W R,a grandson of Paul Revere and graduate of Annapolis, was a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy on the eve of the American conquest of California. His book ranks as an essential firsthand account of the takeover and life in California at that volatile time. It is filled with thoughtful analysis and conjecture on the future of California as it transitioned to American rule. He arrived in time to observe the full flavor of the region’s rich natural resources including the quicksilver mines, its rancho economy,the customs and manners of the Californios, and its many foreign settlers. Revere offered astute observations of the attitude of the Cal- ifornios toward Mexico and the imminent prospect of American conquest. When the Mexican War erupted and Commodore J. D. Sloat raised the American flag over Monterey, Revere swung into action. Assigned to the warship Portsmouth, he reported that he exchanged the quarterdeck for the saddle and took charge of the post at Sonoma garrisoned by Company B of the California Battalion of Mounted Riflemen. He was the first to raise the stars and stripes over the town’s plaza. With no fighting or real threats to speak of, Revere had the time to take leisurely tours of the countryside including an excursion around Clear Lake. According to H. H. Bancroft, Revere wrote the first description of that beautiful lake. Returning from one of his outings, Revere received the startling news that the Walla Walla Indians had invaded the Sacramento Valley and he wrote at length telling how Californios, Americans, and Indians pulled together to meet this crisis. Following the conclusion of hostilities, Revere continued his exuberant enumeration of California’s abun- dant natural resources, its vast herds of cattle, its flourishing crops, and its rivers, lakes, and coast that afforded it an endless supply of “piscatory food.” He proclaimed: “A virgin empire has been added to the United States,” and he correctly predicted that “the seat of Empire on the Pacific, must, in the course of time,

 rival the seat of Empire on the Atlantic.” Such glowing words no doubt influenced prospective settlers from the eastern United States. Ever mindful of the consequences of change, Revere provided an extensive and important disquisition on California land titles, the historical background of land ownership during the His- panic era, and the impact of Americanization on the vast Mexican land grants. He lamented that the issue of slavery held up California’s admission to the union and forestalled the establishment of a badly needed civil- ian government. Because of the discovery of gold, Revere inserted a chapter on the rich auriferous fields which contained Colonel R. B. Mason’s famous report on the mines and extracts of letters from Thomas O. Larkin, Thomas ap C. Jones, and William Ritch. He opened this chapter by stating: “At the date of my departure from Cali- fornia, the vast deposits of gold had not been discovered. I had travelled over the richest placers a thousand times, but it had never occurred to me to wash the golden sands over which I travelled and upon which I slept.” Despite the fantastic reports he heard, Revere worried about the effect of gold fever on the moral fiber of California, writing: “She is without government, without laws, without a military force, while tens of thou- sands of adventurers from all parts of the earth are pouring into her golden valleys...[and they] will be trans- formed by the evil spirit of avarice...into knaves and men of violence.” As demonstrated by the six beautifully tinted lithographs that grace the work, Revere was an artist of abil- ity.They are a fine portrayal of pastoral California. In addition, his publisher supplied a map by Revere enti- tled Harbour of San Francisco Sketched from Beechey’s Survey. Joseph A. Sullivan’s Biobooks published a new edition, limited to , copies, in , with the title Naval Duty in California. —Gary F.Kurutz

Item . Lithograph of Sutter’s Fort after Joseph Warren Revere’s original art work.

 Item . Yet another chart of San Francisco from Beechey’s influential rendering.

 Item . The exceedingly rare Life and Adventures of Joaquín Murieta, written by Cherokee John Rollin Ridge (“Yellow Bird”) —“Ridge’s book immediately spawned the cult of Joaquín [and] created the first great California legend” (Kurutz). [  ]

[RIDGE, John Rollin (-)]. The Life and Adventures of Joaquín Murieta, the Celebrated California Bandit. By Yel- low Bird. San Francisco: W. B. Cooke and Company, .  pp.,  portraits (Murieta and Captain Harry Love) engraved by Anthony & Baker (possibly after Charles Nahl). vo, pale blue printed wrappers in expert facsimile (small strip of original upper wrap preserved). Title lightly soiled, text uniformly browned and with occasional foxing and staining, small marginal tears to blank margin of first few leaves neatly repaired, a few blank corners of text leaves lacking, overall a very good copy,with contemporary ink ownership inscription of “John Bornheimer/Tucker Bar Cal Sept. (?), .” The Clifford copy, preserved in a full red morocco folding box. The only other copy definitely traced is at Yale (the Cowan-Wagner-Streeter-Beinecke copy). The copy at the New York State Library in Albany was destroyed by fire in . In a letter from ,Warren R. Howell mentions two other copies (in private hands), now lost. The “Yellow Bird” is the rara avis of the Zamorano . First edition. Adams, Guns : “Exceedingly rare.” Cowan I, pp. -.Cowan II, p. . Dykes, Rare Western Outlaw Books, p. :“The rarest Murieta item is John Rollin Ridge’s The Life and Celebrated Adventures of Murieta.... You must admit that Ridge started something that caught on. Murieta lives on in prose and verse plus several plays and at least one movie.” Greenwood :“The first book published on Murieta, and the model for many subsequent titles to follow.” Howes Ra. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics  (this copy): “This rare work is important for describing Yankee treat- ment of Mexican miners.” Kurutz, The California Gold Rush .a. Libros Californianos (Cowan list), p. . Streeter Sale  (illustrated at p.  and described as the “only definitely located copy of Yellow Bird’s clas- sic”): “This source for the enduring legend of Joaquín Murieta was written by the Cherokee Indian John Ridge, who worked for many years on the staff of the Alta California in San Francisco.” Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier, pp. -. Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush, p. n. Wright II:. Zamorano  #. Regarding the portraits, engravers Anthony & Baker, who engraved many of the California pictorial letter sheets, often worked with noted California artist Charles Nahl. See Hamilton, Early American Book Illustrators and Wood Engravers, vol. ,pp.- & vol. ,pp.-. One of the most interesting tales of book lore is about F. W. Beinecke’s acquisition of the “Yellow Bird.” By the time he reached the age of eighty, the only Zamorano  first edition Beinecke lacked was the Ridge. Streeter’s copy was coming up at auction, so naturally the increasingly frail Beinecke was extremely keen to obtain it. Parke-Bernet Galleries and Mrs. Streeter agreed to transfer the “Yellow Bird” from the October  session of the auction, where it was catalogued with Californiana. They moved the book forward to the April  session, placing it in the section on Georgia (Ridge’s birthplace). Beinecke purchased Streeter’s copy for ,.Thus a great collector’s final desire to complete The Zamorano  was fulfilled, enabling him to join one of the most exclusive circles of bibliophiles. (,-,)

. [MURIETA, JOAQUÍN]. Lot of three editions on Murieta: () BELLE, Francis P. Life and Adventures of the Celebrated Bandit Joaquín Murrieta, His Exploits in the State of California.... Chicago, . vo, original terra- cotta cloth. Fine. Adams, Guns .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush .j. () HOYLE, M. F. (compiler). Crimes and Career of Tiburcio Vasquez...Compiled from Newspaper Accounts of the Period... [with: RIDGE, John R. The History of Joaquín Murieta, the King of California Outlaws, Whose Band Ravaged the State in the Early Fifties]. Hollister: Evening Free Lance, . vo, original red printed wrappers bound in red cloth. Monsignor Gleason’s copy, with his bookplate (see Talbot, Historic California in Book Plates,p. [illustrated] & p. ). Light ex-library. Adams, Guns n. Kurutz, The California Gold Rush .e (note). () Joaquín Murieta, the Brigand Chief of Cali- fornia: A Complete History of His Life from the Age of Sixteen to the Time of His Capture and Death in . San Francisco: Grabhorn Press, . vo, original green cloth over patterned boards. Endpapers browned, else fine, with original Grabhorn pamphlet on their Rare Americana series laid in. Adams, Guns .Kurutz, The Califor- nia Gold Rush .k. ( vols.) (-)

 [e\ J M (also spelled Murrieta or Murietta) ranks as the most famous California Gold Rush brig- and. As the story goes, Joaquín, a native of Sonora, Mexico, came to the Mother Lode some time in , suffered discrimination and violence because of his Hispanic heritage, and took vengeance on his American oppressors. With his horse gangs, he terrorized the countryside from  to . Newspapers up and down the state reported the bloody exploits of Joaquín and his band of marauding desperadoes. Finally, Harry Love and his California Rangers, motivated by a , reward offered by the State of California, killed two men they thought to be Murieta and his companion Manuel García (Three-Fingered Jack) in July . As proof of ridding California of this scourge, Love caused the head of Joaquín and the hand of Three- Fingered Jack to be pickled and paraded around California. John Rollin Ridge, aka Yellow Bird, the Cherokee journalist, was the first to make known the story of Murieta in book form. Published just one year after the outlaw’s death, he based his narrative on accounts found in the early California newspapers and interviews with those who actually knew the famed bandit, including Harry Love. With the publication of his book, he succeeded in creating one of the most celebrated and romanticized stories in California history.He also penned one of the first original works by an American Indian. Ridge, living in California at the time of the outlaw’s daring deeds, identified with Murieta and saw him as representative of all oppressed peoples including his own Native American tribe. Ridge had one important experience in common with Murieta, he had killed a man in a fight before coming to California in search of gold. Coincidently, Ridge’s physical description of Murieta resembled his own appearance. In the conclusion of his narrative, a philosophical Ridge eulogized his subject and from his literary pulpit articulated the moral theme of his book: “He [Murieta] displayed qualities of mind and heart which marked him as an extraordinary man. He also leaves behind him the important lesson that there is nothing so dan- gerous in its consequences as injustice to individuals—whether it arise from prejudice of color or from any other sources; that a wrong done to one man is a wrong to society and to the world.” Murieta’s influence, partly because of Ridge’s quasi-biography, continues to this day. The “Robin Hood of El Dorado” has long been considered something of a martyred hero among Latino activists, symbolizing resistance to Anglo tyranny in the conquered land of Alta California. According to Murieta authority James F. Varley, Ridge completed the manuscript late in the spring of , and on June  the copyright was issued to Ridge and a Charles Lindley.The latter was Ridge’s employer at the time and may have provided the financial backing for its publication. Lindley, as reported by Varley, negotiated the contract with William B. Cooke and Company to print the book in an edition of , copies. This, however, does not account for the remarkable scarcity of the book. Another Murieta expert, Frank Latta, with information obtained from Ridge’s great-niece, states “The first book was no sooner off the press and Uncle Rollin paid the bill, than it was burned.” In contrast, Ridge, in a letter dated October , , stated that over , copies had been sold and that he had planned to publish a second edition in response to popular demand. Perhaps the rarity is endemic with publication in fire- and flood-ravaged California. Ridge’s friend and colleague, Alonzo Delano (q.v.), for example, also wrote books that sold thousands of copies in the s, and they too, are incredibly scarce. At the time of publication, the wrapper-bound book received just one review and it was not positive. The Daily California Chronicle for August , ,chided Ridge, saying that the real bandit had escaped and that “the book may serve as very amusing reading for Joaquín Murieta.” The anonymous reviewer further commented that “the fancy of the author is undoubtedly equal to the style of writing.” This critique ques- tioned Ridge’s credibility and raised the possibility that he had created the celebrated outlaw out of whole cloth. Others, however, accepted Yellow Bird’s account. The two pillars of nineteenth-century California history, Hubert Howe Bancroft (q.v.) and Theodore Hittell (q.v.), relying on the expanded third edition, swallowed whole Ridge’s work as fact. Ever since then, historians have hotly debated the reality and iden- tity of Joaquín and the accuracy of Ridge’s narrative. Was his book a product of his imagination or a nar- rative history or a combination of the two? Ridge’s modern biographer, James W. Parins, characterized The Life and Adventures as a novel.

 Item . Portrait of Murieta, possibly by Charles Nahl. “The ‘Robin Hood of El Dorado’ has long been considered something of a martyred hero among Latino activists, symbolizing resistance to Anglo tyranny in the conquered land of Alta California” (Kurutz).

 There can be no doubt that the young, struggling author saw in Murieta’s story a chance to make a name for himself. He wrote in a sensational tone, exaggerating the bandit’s deeds, and added dialogue to enliven the story. No doubt, author and publisher hoped that such a semihistorical approach in the dime-novel era would promote sales. In short, his effort is part fantasy, part history. Nevertheless, Ridge’s book immediately spawned the cult of Joaquín, created the first great California legend, and fostered a micropublishing indus- try in pirated and spin-off editions. In recognition of this victim turned bandit, Cincinnatus Hiner Miller (q.v.), the famed poet of the Sierra, changed his first name to Joaquin. Ridge’s story likewise inspired the greatest equestrian painting in California history, the Charles Christian Nahl oil of a knife-wielding Murieta on horseback, dashing up a cliff escaping his pursuers. Francis P.Farquhar and Raymond Wood, in the notes to the Valley Publishers reprint edition (), pro- vide the best analysis of the complex bibliographic history and the equally baffling authorship of the various Murieta titles and their editions. A pirated edition published by the California Police Gazette of San Francisco appeared in , and in  the Gazette issued a second edition. Following Ridge’s untimely death at the young age of forty, Fred’k MacCrellish & Company published an expanded “third edition.” At least in this case, the publisher credited Ridge as the author. Thereafter, Ridge’s text served as the wellspring for scores of new editions in multiple languages and formats. Even plays, poems, songs, and a film were created, inspired to a large degree by the dramatic story first told by Yellow Bird. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Francis P. Farquhar and Raymond Wood, Notes in Joaquín Murieta: The Brigand Chief of California (Fresno: Valley Publishers, ); Humberto Garza, Joaquín Murrieta: A Quest for Jus- tice! (San Jose: Chusman House, ); Frank F.Latta, Joaquín Murrieta and His Horse Gangs (Santa Cruz: Bear State Books, ); Remi Nadeau, The Real Joaquín Murieta (Los Angeles: Trans-Anglo Books, ), pp. - ;James W.Parins, John Rollin Ridge: His Life and Works (Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, ), pp. -;James F. Varley, The Legend of Joaquín Murrieta (Twin Falls, Idaho: Big Lost River Press, ), pp. -.

 [  ]

[ROBINSON, Alfred (-)]. Life in California: During a Residence of Several Years in That Territory, Comprising a Description of the Country and the Missionary Establishments, with Incidents, Observations, Etc., Etc. Illustrated with Numerous Engravings by an American. To Which Is Annexed a Historical Account of the Origin, Customs, and Traditions, of the Indians of Alta-California. Translated from the Original Spanish Manuscript. [With:] BOSCANA, Gerónimo (- ). Chinigchinich; a Historical Account of the Origin, Customs, and Traditions of the Indians at the Missionary Establish- ment of St. Juan Capistrano, Alta California: Called the Acagchemem Nation; Collected with the Greatest Care, from the Most Intelligent and Best Instructed in the Matter...Translated from the Original Spanish Manuscript, by One Who Was Many Years a Resident of Alta California. New York: Wiley & Putnam, . xii []  pp. ( works in one vol. with continu- ous pagination),  lithographic plates (views, portraits) by G. W. Endicott after Robinson’s original artwork. mo, original dark brown blindstamped cloth, title in gilt on backstrip, orange and cream patterned endpa- pers. Binding moderately worn (frayed and slightly chipped at spinal extremities, lower portion of rear joint with small split at foot of spine), some spotting and mild to moderate foxing to interior, generally a very good copy. Contemporary ink ownership inscription of Stephen Strong, Washington, D.C., March , ,on front flyleaf. First edition of “the first book in English about California which was written by a resident” (Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics ). American Imprints :. Blumann & Thomas .Cowan I, pp.  & :“These two works were issued together, being paged continuously.... One of the most useful sources of authority of its time.” Cowan II, pp. -. Graff. Hill, p. . Holliday .Howell , California .Howes R.LC,California Centennial . Libros Califor- nianos (Wagner & Hanna lists), pp. , ;pp.- (Powell commentary): “Both [William Heath] Davis [q.v.] and Robinson were traders, buying hides and tallow and selling manufactured products of New Eng- land from the Boston ships in their charge. The traders played an important role in bringing California beneath the Stars and Stripes. California had become ‘gringo-minded’ as the result of the infiltration of American commodities... and its subjugation was practically complete long before the wily Frémont crossed the Sierra, or Sloat sailed into Monterey. Had it not been for this placid commercial invasion, the conquest, with the pitifully small military and naval force then available, would have been greatly delayed.... Curiously, Richard Henry Dana was a common seaman on the Alert, chartered to Bryant, Stur- gis and Company of Boston, whose agent in California was Alfred Robinson. The two came into contact frequently.” Norris .Rocq , . Streeter Sale .Walker, A Literary History of Southern Califor- nia, pp. -:“Robinson’s purpose in translating and illustrating Boscana was the same as his purpose in writing his account of life in California—to tell the truth as accurately as he could. Because he did so with both grace and imagination his book is one of the most reliable and interesting documents dealing with Spanish California.” Zamorano  # (J. Gregg Layne): “Without doubt the most important book for the period it treats.” Dana’s Two Years before the Mast makes it into every bibliography on the history of the cat- tle trade, but Robinson is totally ignored. In  Robinson made his first voyage to California in search of hides and tallow. He helped develop the area of La Playa, known as “Hide Park,” for curing hides and sell- ing goods from New England. Robinson’s business in the hide trade was booming by the time Dana arrived on the Pilgrim in .Robinson left us one of the important accounts of California rancho life and the hide and tallow trade. The lovely lithographic plates after the author’s original artwork illustrate Mission San Luis Rey, Mission San Gabriel, Mission Buenaventura, Yerba Buena, and Santa Barbara (three views) and portray a Native American of California and Father Boscana. Peters, California on Stone, p.  & plate . Samuels & Samuels, Encyclopedia of Artists of the American West, pp. -.Van Nostrand, The First Hundred Years of Painting in Cali- fornia, pp. -, : “[Robinson’s drawings] are of interest as the earliest known views by one who became a long-term resident of the state.” Van Nostrand & Coulter, California Pictorial, pp. - (reproducing the fron- tispiece of Santa Barbara). See also Nancy Dustin Wall Moure, Loners, Mavericks & Dreamers: Art in Los Angeles before  (Laguna Art Museum, ). (-)

 Item . Robinson’s Life in California, a wonderful companion book to Dana’s Two Years before the Mast. “The first book in English written by a resident of the province” (Streeter). .ROBINSON, Alfred. Life in California before the Conquest: Hispano-Californians, Léperos and Indians, Franciscan Misioneros and Misiones, American and English Comerciantes, Puertos, Presidios, Castillos, Sailors and Backwoodsmen, Rev- olutions and Strife.... San Francisco: The Private Press of Thomas C. Russell, . xxvii []  [, colophon, verso blank] [, ads] pp.,  mezzotint plates (pulled directly from lithographs in the original edition), text illus- trations, decorated chapter headings, vignettes. vo, original natural linen over drab grey boards, printed paper spine label. Very fine in near fine d.j. (a few tears and light creases). Limited edition (# of  copies, signed by Russell). Reprinted from the first edition, edited and corrected, and with added synopses of chapters, foreword, and notes by Thomas C. Russell. Hill, p. . Norris . (-)

.ROBINSON, Alfred (translator) & Gerónimo Boscana. Chinigchinich (Chi-ñích-ñich): A Revised and Anno- tated Version of Alfred Robinson’s Translation of Father Gerónimo Boscana’s Historical Account of the Belief, Usages, Customs and Extravagancies of the Indians of This Mission of San Juan Capistrano Called the Acagchemem Tribe [annotations by John Peabody Harrington]. Santa Ana: Fine Arts Press, .  [] pp.,  plates and maps ( vivid full-color linoleum-cut plates printed in oil paint by Jean Goodwin; other plates are black-and-white or on maize grounds), text illustrations, decorated and colored initials. Small folio, original tan cloth over brown boards stamped with gilt design, paper spine label printed in gilt. Other than light offsetting on title from frontis- piece, very fine. Limited edition of the primary treatise on the Acagchemem tribe of Mission San Juan Capistrano (present- day Orange County), originally written by Father Boscana in the s, translated and first published by Alfred Robinson in . Zamorano  # (J. Gregg Layne, referring to this edition): “A magnificent folio...edited by Phil T. Hanna, annotated by J. P. Harrington, with  pages of notes.” Father Boscana served as pastor to the Juaneño at Mission San Juan Capistrano from  to . Although Europeans observed and briefly described tribal groups of Southern California as early as the Cabrillo expedition (), the reports of Boscana and Hugo Reid () were the first in-depth ethnological observations of these peo- ples. Boscana’s account and Harrington’s annotations, by way of comparison, contain valuable documenta- tion on various other California tribes of the region, especially the Gabrieleño, with whom the Juaneño shared the jimson weed cult associated with the Chinigchinich religion. This highly unusual press book is more than a mere colorful reprint of Boscana’s essay containing the standard view of California’s native peoples. What makes this edition so valuable are the lavish annotations and revisions by John Peabody Harrington, the extraordinary ethnographer and linguist employed in the s by the Bureau of American Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution to travel throughout California and document languages, narratives, and customs of the rapidly vanishing California tribes. Harrington worked extensively with the few remaining native speakers of Juaneño, the language of the San Juan Capis- trano Mission group, and his research is one of the most immediate sources on Native American culture in California. (In recent years, members of the Juaneño band have been using Harrington’s documentation to help regain their traditional culture and language.) Father Boscana’s original treatise was influenced by his perception and standards as applied to a complex social group with a belief system profoundly different from his own. Harrington’s annotations bring balance to a primary source, making this version of Boscana’s narrative the most valuable from a scholarly viewpoint. See “John P.Harrington and His Legacy,” edited by Victor Golla, Anthropological Linguistics : (winter ). (-) [e\ Ro’ C  has been acclaimed as the most important published account of pre–Gold Rush California by an actual resident. It had a tremendous impact on the Americanization of California. Like Richard Henry Dana, Robinson came to California from New England, but unlike the more famous author, he settled permanently in this remote Mexican province in  and had a more accepting view of Hispanic culture. He worked as the resident agent for the Boston firm of Bryant, Sturgis and Company and was active in the famed hide and tallow trade, exchanging Yankee-manufactured goods for California “ban- knotes” (cow hides). “Alfredo” Robinson, similar to several of his transplanted American contemporaries,

 embraced his new home by marrying into a prominent family (de la Guerra), converting to Catholicism, and becoming a person of influence in Californio society.Robinson not only described his own personal activities but also recorded in some detail the constant political machinations that beset Alta California. Foreshadow- ing the future, the merchant took the first shipment of California gold to the United States in . His nar- rative is further enhanced by detailing everyday life and capturing the flavor of Mexican California through its amusements, festivals, and religious services. The personalities of the leading Californio grandees and their stylish ways particularly caught his attention. Robinson also included historical background along with extensive descriptions of the ranchos, pueblos, and missions. Because of this, he is an oft-quoted and frequently cited authority. Published anonymously in , Life in California covered the period  to . It enjoyed a wide read- ership and further stimulated the flood tide of immigration from the United States. When James Marshall discovered gold in , anxious gold seekers snapped up copies of Robinson’s book to learn all they could about this new El Dorado. An English edition was published in . Bancroft, although mildly criticizing the work in his History of California (vol. ,p.), wrote “the book is worthy of much praise.” Robinson originally intended his narrative to serve as an introduction to the translation of Fr. Gerónimo Boscana’s Chinigchinich: A Historical Account of the Origins, Customs, and Traditions of the Indians of...Alta-California. By itself, Boscana’s history represents an important and early contribution to the ethnology of the native Californians. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Andrew Rolle, Introduction to Life in California (Santa Barbara & Salt Lake City: Peregrine Publishers, Inc., ); James D. Hart, American Images of Spanish California (Berkeley: The Friends of the Bancroft Library, ).

Item . Lithograph after Robinson’s original art. “Earliest known views [of California] by one who became a long-term resident of the state” (Jeanne Van Nostrand).

 [  ]

ROYCE, Josiah (-). California from the Conquest in  to the Second Vigilance Committee in San Francisco: A Study of American Character. Boston & New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, The Riverside Press, . [] xv []  [] [, ads] pp., machine-printed double-page color map. mo, original gilt-lettered dark olive pebbled cloth, t.e.g. Light outer wear, top edge slightly abraded, but generally a very good copy. From John Howell–Books, with Warren R. Howell’s pencil note at back: “ rytp Zamorano .” Small navy blue printed bookseller’s label (C. Beach of San Francisco). First edition. American Commonwealths series, edited by Horace E. Scudder. Cowan I, p. : “Entirely free from the complexities of thought and style that too frequently attend a work of this kind. This study by Mr. Royce has long since become a pleasing classic and an authority of value upon the history of this state.” Cowan II, p. . Holliday .Howell , California .Howes R. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Libros Californianos, pp. - (Powell commentary): “Royce was a colleague of William James, and his attitude toward the California gold-rush is as pragmatic as the noted psychologist’s attitude toward life and human motivation. Royce adopted an objective and clinical position toward California”; pp. - (Hanna list): “The outside viewpoint of the American conquest and the gold rush—critical, discursive, and complete as only a Harvard philosopher’s composition could be.” Norris .Rocq . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush . Zamorano  #.(-)

.ROYCE, Josiah. California from the Conquest in  to the Second Vigilance Committee in San Francisco: A Study of American Character. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, . xxxvii [] , xv [] pp. vo, original red cloth gilt. Very fine in lightly worn d.j. Second edition, with new introduction by Robert Glass Cleland. (-) [e\ J R’ , written as part of Houghton Mifflin’s American Commonwealths series, stands as the most important analysis and distillation of California during that crucial time period of  to . Those ten years, more than any other, shaped California’s character and destiny. The values he expressed in the s are more akin to those of the present day, and consequently, his book continues to receive high praise for its astute interpretation of an all-too-imperfect past. Royce’s study smashed the mythology of the conquering hero in the persona of John C. Frémont and the red-shirted Argonaut. Born in Grass Valley, the son of poor forty-niner parents, Royce achieved uncommon academic distinc- tion earning a doctorate from Johns Hopkins and becoming a professor of philosophy at Harvard. When Houghton Mifflin commissioned him to write the history of his home state, this native son brought a unique perspective. In researching his history, he made trips back home to use the rich resources of Bancroft’s Library in San Francisco, the Mercantile Library, and the collection of the Society of California Pioneers, and like Shinn (q.v.), he contacted many of the principal figures including John and Jessie Frémont. He also had the advantage of Harvard’s extensive collection of Californiana that included pioneer newspapers. Rather than writing the entire history, he selected instead to focus on a ten-year span. He saw this period of tumult as a revelation of the national character. As he intoned, “This is the period of excitement, of trial, and of rapid transformation. Everything that has since happened in California, or that will ever happen there, so long as men dwell in the land, must be deeply affected by the forces of local life and society that then took their origin.” Royce first turned his attention to the Bear Flag Revolt and American conquest of Alta California and the role of the “Pathfinder” Frémont. The philosopher-historian concluded that the United States had engaged in a morally and politically indefensible act with Frémont leading the way.Royce next studied the effect of the gold discovery not only on California but also on the morals of the people who rushed in. He was the first to articulate a harsh, realistic picture of socially irresponsible California in contradistinction to the heroic, dreamlike society portrayed in the fiction of Bret Harte. In essence, the abundance of gold was a two-edged

 Item . Royce’s California from the Conquest. “A pleasing classic and an authority of value upon the history of this state” (Cowan).

 sword bringing opportunity for good and for “brutal passion.” He wrote of a “California that was to be morally and socially tried as no other American community ever has been tried.” His history, then, was not going to be one of a triumphant march to greatness but an investigation into true human behavior.“Whoever wants merely a eulogistic story of the glories of the pioneer life of California must not look for it in history,” he philosophized. Naturally, Royce’s judgmental eye zeroed in on the shameful treatment of foreigners as exemplified by the lynching of Juanita at Downieville. His discussion of the Land Act of  and the injus- tice of the Californios having to defend title to their ranchos further reinforced his view of racism. In fash- ioning this complex narrative, the Harvard professor included a chapter entitled the “Social Evolution of California” that covered such topics as the two vigilance committees, the “Moral Insanities of the Golden Days,” and development of solid stabilizing institutions such as the family, church, and school. When Houghton Mifflin published Royce’s moralistic history, it did not receive the applause the author expected. San Franciscans and those who enshrined the romance of the golden era did not much appreciate his frank appraisal. The Overland Monthly ran an unsigned review that excoriated his book while others simply ignored the work. Royce, however, did receive high praise from Henry L. Oak, the principal author of Ban- croft’s History of California. Despite the book’s poor initial reception, it has long been recognized as seminal work,a work that awakened California to its true history. In ,Heyday Press of Berkeley reprinted Royce’s California with an introduction by Ronald A. Wells. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Robert V. Hine, Josiah Royce: From Grass Valley to Harvard (Norman & Lon- don: University of Oklahoma Press, ), pp. -; Earl Pomeroy, Introduction to California by Josiah Royce (Santa Barbara: Peregrine Publishers, Inc., ); Kevin Starr, Californians and the American Dream, -  (New York: Oxford University Press, ), pp. -.

 Item . Sabin’s Kit Carson Days—“A must-read overview of the American takeover of California and Carson as agent of Manifest Destiny” (Kurutz).

 [  ]

SABIN, Edwin L[egrand] (-). Kit Carson Days (-)...Illustrated by More Than One Hundred Half- Tones, Mostly from Old and Rare Sources. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co., . xv []  pp., frontispiece por- trait, numerous halftone plates, maps. vo, original gilt-lettered brown vertical ribbed cloth. Light cover wear and front hinge starting, otherwise fine in lightly chipped d.j. with two small tape repairs. The d.j. is scarce. This copy bears John Howell–Books pencil notes at back indicating that it came from the collection of Dr. Herbert M. Evans, noted book collector and discoverer of Vitamin E. First edition. Cowan II, p. . Dobie, Guide to the Life and Literature of the Southwest, p. :“A work long stan- dard, rich on rendezvous, bears, and many other associated subjects.” Graff .Howell , California . Howes S. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Rader . Rittenhouse .Rocq . Saunders n. Zamorano  #.(-)

[e\

E L. S,a prolific historian of the Southwest, wrote the first documented biography of the famed New Mexican mountain man, trapper, teamster, scout, Indian fighter, and agent. Many earlier dime-novel- style biographies had been written about this Western icon but none are comparable in scholarship to this detailed study. Sabin, for his day, made a supreme effort in assembling a welter of primary source material and hammering it into a cogent narrative. Through this majestic work, the panorama of the American West unfolds from Carson’s days as a mountain man, to his close involvement with John C. Frémont and the con- quest of California, to settling the “Indian Problem” in the Southwest. Sabin must be commended for writing a critical biography of his subject. This is not an orgy of hero wor- ship and deification. Two years earlier, Sabin had written a juvenile book on his subject, Adventuring with Car- son and Fremont, but with this new work, the child’s play was left behind. Modern scholarship has, of course, turned up more documentation, corrected errors, and developed different interpretations based on the his- torical evidence. Nevertheless, this monumental biography and its later, expanded editions will always stand as an essential reference on California and the West. Too often recent writers have ignored this resource. Rather than concluding his biography with Carson’s death, Sabin, in presenting a balanced approach, ends with an assessment of the man neither making him a towering figure of the West or a ruthless agent of Amer- ican cupidity.Rather, Sabin treats him as a living human being with both strengths and failings. Sabin wrote, “Kit Carson was not a great man, nor a brilliant man. He was a great character; and if it was not his to scin- tillate, nevertheless he shone with a constant light.” For historians of California, Kit Carson Days provides a must-read overview of the American takeover of California and Carson as agent of Manifest Destiny.Sabin delves deeply into the reasons for the Mexican- American War and the cultural and political differences between California and New Mexico. “There,” Sabin wrote, “California dangled like a red and savory apple; temptingly near the Sierra fence, far from the Mexican house, and bound to be the spoil of the first bold hand.” The California part occupies a con- siderable portion of Sabin’s text and centers around the adventures of John C. Frémont, the controversial “Pathfinder,” or as biographer Allen Nevins called him, “The Pathmarker.” Sabin covers the harrowing expeditions over the snowbound High Sierra, Frémont’s machinations in trying to outfox Mexican author- ities, the stand at Hawk’s Peak, the Bear Flag Revolt, the efforts of the California Battalion in subduing Alta California, the Battle of San Pasqual, Frémont’s imbroglio with General Kearny, and Carson taking the news of California’s conquest to the East. During this time, Carson became involved with an incident that will forever mar his reputation, the murder of Francisco and Ramon de Haro and the elderly José de los Reyes Barreyesa in June .Was Carson carrying out Frémont’s orders, drunk, or just plain blood- thirsty? To this question, Sabin does not dodge the issue or defend his subject but rather presents a number of contemporary viewpoints on this dastardly event. He concluded, “There is no defense for this act, save the excuse of obeying orders; and there is no defense for the orders.”

 Because of this incident and his life as an Indian fighter, Carson’s standing has been besmirched in recent times. Marc Simmons, in his masterful introduction to the Bison Books edition of Sabin wrote, “By the last quarter of the twentieth century,however, the Carson reputation, once so luminous, had fallen on bad times. And it had nothing to do with any new documentary discoveries that suddenly painted him in a reprehensi- ble light. Beginning in the s, Carson was transformed from a national hero, noble and self-sacrificing, into an arch-villain and stigmatized as a ruthless racist.” Fortunately, the pendulum is starting to swing as demonstrated by Tom Dunlay’s new book, Kit Carson and the Indians, recognizing that Carson must be seen as a “man of his times.” The first edition of Sabin is illustrated with a number of halftone reproductions of photographs, litho- graphs, and other documents. In , the Press of the Pioneers in New York published a revised and expanded edition illustrated with twenty full-page line drawings by Howard Simmons. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Tom Dunlay, Kit Carson and the Indians (Lincoln & London: University of Nebraska Press, ); Marc Simmons, Introduction to Kit Carson Days, -,  vols. (Lincoln & London: University of Nebraska Press, ).

 [  ]

SHINN, Charles Howard (-). Mining Camps: A Study in American Frontier Government. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, . xi [,blank]  [, ads] pp. vo, original brown cloth with black ruling, gilt-lettered spine. Spine slightly dark and a bit of shelf wear, text lightly age-toned, generally a fine copy. John N. McCue’s copy, with his bookplate and ink ownership inscription dated May . First edition. Adams, Guns : “Scarce.” Cowan I, pp. -.Cowan II, p. . Graff . Holliday . Howell , California .Howes S. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics :“An authoritative study of the administration of mining law in the camps.” Libros Cali- fornianos, pp. - (Powell commentary): “Shinn...understood the period. He was, as the Mexicans say, both contento and simpático. As a result he has written, in his Mining Camps, the most tolerantly critical study of mines, miners, and mining that we have. At no time does he slop over into bawdy sentimentality, but he sees reason—both good or bad—in the most unreasonable acts. Defender of the period he may be called, and he summons in this defense, wisdom, tolerance, and conviction”; p.  (Hanna list). Norris . Streeter Sale :“This is one of the twelve important books on the gold rush picked out by J. Gregg Layne and listed in the Book Club of California Quarterly News Letter—Autumn —TWS.” Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush . Zamorano  # (J. Gregg Layne): “A logical and brilliant defense of the ’er, and mining-camp ways, by a tolerant and capable student, who lived with, loved, and understood the miners and their ways.” (-)

. SHINN, Charles Howard. Mining Camps: A Study in American Frontier Government. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, .[] xxvi,  [] vii (index) [] [, colophon] pp. vo, original brown cloth gilt. Spine light, gen- erally fine. Second edition, with a new introduction by Joseph Henry Jackson. Howes S.(-) [e\ E  ’  and with all the new books published because of the Gold Rush sesquicenten- nial, Shinn’s Mining Camps still must be regarded as one of the very best narrative histories. Preceding the works of Royce and Bancroft, Mining Camps is the first true interpretative history of the California Gold Rush. As an experienced San Francisco journalist, Shinn knew how to express himself in a lively, attention-getting, finished manner. Texas-born and California-raised, Shinn went East to Johns Hopkins University in  to pursue a for- mal education. He chose “to break new ground in a comparatively new field” by focusing on a theme for his classes in political science and history that he knew best, the story of California’s mining camps. Moreover, the student already possessed a substantial understanding of these camps as a result of his own travels as a journalist. He received his B.A. in  and submitted his manuscript to Scribner’s for publication. Rodman Paul, the noted Gold Rush historian, wrote that “the book was really a seminar paper.” By writing in the s, Shinn benefited from the perspective of time and could sift through fact and mythology and distill quantities of information into an accurate interpretation. By that time, too, a number of superior eyewitness accounts and reminiscences had already been published, as well as scores of pamphlets, government docu- ments, and articles in periodicals. Not content with printed sources, he employed the then-innovative tech- nique of interviewing and corresponding with those who had lived during those “flush times.” Postmodern scholarship frequently characterizes the Argonaut in the most negative terms. Shinn, how- ever, offered a more optimistic approach, recognizing the chaos of the times and the natural proclivities of human nature. As Shinn put it: “He [the Argonaut] often appears in literature as a dialect-speaking rowdy, savagely picturesque, rudely turbulent: in reality he was a plain American citizen cut loose from authority, freed from the restraints and protections of law, and forced to make the defense and organization of society a part of his daily business.” Shinn did not whitewash this history nor did he condemn, but he did criticize the period in the same manner as his friend Josiah Royce (q.v.). He acknowledged the abuse suffered by

 Item . Shinn’s Mining Camps. “The most tolerantly critical study of mines, miners, and mining that we have” (Powell).

 foreigners, particularly in the southern mines, and called it a dark, shameful chapter. His scholarly study called attention to the central importance of the mining camp as an institution and its influence in establish- ing governmental institutions in California. He carefully traced the history of mining law as it uniquely devel- oped in California from the first days following Marshall’s discovery. Not long thereafter, he explained, the miners began establishing laws of the camp based on “the amount of ground a man could mine” which in turn evolved into partnerships “almost as sacred as the marriage-bond,” and then into mining companies. He detailed the evolution of alcalde rule, the miner’s court, justice of the peace, mob rule, and relationship of the miner to the farmer. He spoke in eloquent terms of how the miners using the moral principles learned in New England villages and on Western prairies settled a potentially bloody dispute at Scotch Bar (Scott’s Bar) in the Siskiyou-Klamath region, not by fighting or even a jury trial, but by sending the case to San Francisco for a ruling. The commonsense laws that emerged from the helter-skelter of California would help shape the governance of future mining camps in Nevada, Idaho, Colorado, and British Columbia. Shinn’s Mining Camps offers much more than a narrow focus on the California Gold Rush. Strongly infl- uenced by the university’s approach to American civilization, Shinn devoted the first third of his work to documenting the origins of California mining law by tracing its roots back to ancient Anglo-Teutonic “folk- moots” and the codes of the Middle Ages. The influence of Cornish customs and laws received his attention. Mindful of California’s geographic location and history, Shinn rounded out this section of his book with an in-depth study of Spanish and Mexican governmental institutions and mining laws. The missions, pueblos, and alcaldes all received his scrutiny. Shinn’s work, because of subject matter and proximity of time, has frequently been compared to Royce’s study. Shinn comes across as much more upbeat while the brooding, reflective Royce focused on the moral challenge of the gold discovery and its aftermath. Royce, in fact, criticized Shinn for failing to make use of newspaper files. On the whole, the two titles work together by offering different perspective on events that are still avidly debated. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Rodman W. Paul, Introduction to Mining Camps: A Study in American Frontier Government (New York: Harper & Row, ); Joseph Henry Jackson, Introduction to Mining Camps: A Study in American Frontier Government (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, ).

 Item . First appearance of Dame Shirley’s letters, in The Pioneer; or, California Monthly. “Louise Clapp’s letters may well comprise the best account of mining life in the whole of gold rush literature” (Joanne Levy in They Saw the Elephant: Women in the California Gold Rush). [ ]

[CLAPP,Louise Amelia Knapp Smith (-)]. “California, in  [&] ,by Shirley” in The Pioneer; or, California Monthly Magazine [edited by F. C. Ewer]. San Francisco: W. H. Brooks & Company & Le Count and Strong, January –December .Vols. - (:-; :-; :-; :-), complete run: iv, ;iv, + iv, ;[] []-,[]- pp. (no Shirley installment in the January  number).  issues bound in  vols., later three-quarter smooth tan calf over tan cloth, red leather labels, spines gilt-decorated, with raised bands. Occasional foxing and staining, otherwise a fine set. Contemporary ink inscription of Jas. Bell. Vol.  with signed pencil inscription by a noted collector R. B. Honeyman on endpaper: “This is the first appearance of the famous ‘Shirley Letters’ from the mines. A very scarce and desirable Californiana item. R. B. Honey- man.” Warren R. Howell’s pencil note at back: “, doytn  vols. in  Zamorano  #.” Like many San Francisco imprints of this vintage “most of the issues...were destroyed in the fires that were always ravaging San Francisco. Today those twenty-three issues of The Pioneer are of great rarity and corresponding value” (Powell, California Classics, p. ). First printing of Dame Shirley’s letters; first printing of “the first magazine dedicated to the culture of Cali- fornia” (Hart, Companion to California, pp. -). Hill, p. .Howell , California . Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics :“A cultured woman’s picture of life in the mines differs considerably from most miners’ and travelers’ accounts.” Kurutz, The California Gold Rush n. LC, California Centennial . Streeter Sale  (illustrated at p. ). Powell, California Classics, pp. -. Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier, pp. -. Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush . Zamorano  #. ( vols.) (,-,)

. CLAPP,Louise Amelia Knapp Smith. The Shirley Letters from California Mines in -.... San Francisco: Printed by Thomas C. Russell, at His Private Press, .[] lii,  [, colophon] pp.,  hand-colored plates (including frontispiece), ornate chapter headings and decorations in blue. vo, slightly later sympathetic tan linen over beige boards, printed paper spine label. Very fine in fine gilt pictorial d.j. First edition in book form; limited edition ( copies, the issue on California bond paper and with colored plates). Cowan II, p. .Howes C.Kurutz,The California Gold Rush a. Norris .Rocq . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush .(-)

. [CLAPP,Louise Amelia Knapp Smith]. California in :The Letters of Dame Shirley. Introduction and Notes by Carl I. Wheat [With]: California in .... San Francisco: The Grabhorn Press, . xviii []  [, notes] + xviii []  [, notes] pp., map and text illustrations printed on pale blue grounds (mostly from California pictorial letter sheets).  vols., vo, original blue cloth over grey boards lettered and decorated on upper cov- ers in black, printed paper spine labels. Boards and endpapers with some mild foxing, otherwise very fine in tattered dust jackets. Limited edition ( copies), edited by Douglas Watson. Grabhorn (-) #, . Graff .Howell , California .Howes C.Kurutz, The California Gold Rush b. Rocq .( vols.) (-) [e\ T Shirley Letters, as they are best known, have received the highest possible praise by virtually every historian of the Gold Rush. The importance of Louise Amelia Knapp Smith Clapp’s letters was recognized early on and influenced the views and writings of such luminaries as Josiah Royce (q.v.), Hubert Howe Bancroft (q.v.), Bret Harte (q.v.), and possibly Samuel Clemens (q.v.). Gold Rush historian and bibliographer Carl Wheat wrote: “These superlatively readable and informative letters may well be accorded first place in any gather- ing of notable Gold Rush literature.” More recently, Joanne Levy, the author of the pathbreaking They Saw the Elephant: Women in the California Gold Rush, extolled her words, “Louise Clapp’s letters may well comprise the

 best account of mining life in the whole of gold rush literature.” Her glittering epistles from the mines certainly may be regarded as the most famous publication associated with the Gold Rush, and with the ever growing interest in the role of women, appreciation of her letters has soared. Louise Clapp sailed around Cape Horn with her husband, Dr. Fayette Clapp, and arrived in San Fran- cisco on January , . After a short stay,the two headed north with Dr. Clapp going to the diggings on the Feather River and Louise settling in at Marysville. While in that supply town, she met the famed editor of the Marysville Herald, Stephen Massett, and on April , , this “fair and gifted correspondent” supplied him with the first of three descriptive letters and two poems. The Clapps moved to Rich Bar and then to Indian Bar in one of the deep canyons of the Feather. Starting on September , , this lady with the “gifted pen” began a series of twenty-three letters to her sister Molly back home in Massachusetts concerning her sur- roundings and the curious people she encountered. She completed the last of her sisterly screeds on Novem- ber , .Fourteen months later, these letters or copies of them wound up in the hands of Ferdinand C. Ewer, the editor of California’s first magazine, The Pioneer. Carl Wheat surmises that Massett may have brought them to Ewer’s attention. Recognizing the value of this extraordinary literary trove, Ewer published one of her letters in each number of The Pioneer beginning in January  and ending with the demise of the magazine in December .The letters were published under her elegant pen name of “Dame Shirley” rather than her married name. Her letters rightly receive such high acclaim not only for featuring a woman’s viewpoint but also for recording in beautifully crafted language a realistic picture of life in the mines. No other woman wrote with such immediacy and resoluteness about the gritty atmosphere of a hardscrabble mining camp populated by few women and hundreds of men of every hue and stripe. Furthermore, unlike Borthwick, Taylor, Marryat, and the other great eyewitness authors, Dame Shirley’s experience is confined primarily to a specific geo- graphic area, giving it a unique sense of emotional attachment. Every detail caught her eye from her new home’s natural beauty to the complex and noisy mining machinery used to extract the precious nuggets. Sometimes expressing exhaustion in composing these letters, she confided to her sister that she wrote in a “minutely particular” manner. It is these particulars that make her words so readable, so well studied, and so often quoted. Her descrip- tions of the makeshift appointments of her “log palace” in Indian Bar, the interior of a mining camp hotel (the Humboldt), and the physical appearance of other women arriving from the Overland Trail exhibit a gentlewoman’s perspective not to found elsewhere. As with many observers, the mashing together of so many racial and ethnic groups in one place invited comment and wondrous delight. In telling her sister of this poly- glot land she composed the following poetic litany: “You will hear in the same day, almost at the same time, the lofty melody of the Spanish language, the piquant polish of the French, the silver, changing clearness of the Italian, the harsh gangle [sic] of the German, the hissing precision of the English, the liquid sweetness of the Kanaka, and the sleep-inspiring languor of the East Indian.” She put her “scribbling powers” to great effect in recounting a variety of situations including a Christmas season Saturnalia where female-starved miners whooped it up for four straight days before collapsing in “drunken heaps” and commencing a “most unearthly howling,” where “some barked like dogs, some roared like bulls, and others hissed like serpents and geese.” She told of the grotesque and unjust hanging of William Brown; the white-hot racial tension between American and Hispanic miners; and the reckless violence meted out by the “moguls,” a group of thugs who took the law into their own hands. The arrival of the express with its bounty of supplies and letters was always a cause for celebration. Despite the harshness of her surround- ings, she adapted well and confessed to Molly her growing attachment to Indian Bar and its people. When the mines played out, Fayette and Louise had to move on, but she composed one last letter that beautifully expressed her feelings. She lamented, “My heart is heavy at the thought of departing forever from this place. I like this wild and barbarous life; I leave it with regret.” Amazingly, it was not until  that the first edition of Dame Shirley’s letters appeared in book form. Thomas C. Russell of San Francisco published the letters in an edition of  copies sold by subscription. Russell offered the volume in three different varieties of papers. The distinguished Grabhorn Press of San

 Francisco published a two-volume edition in  with an introduction and notes by Carl I. Wheat. This ver- sion was in turn republished in  by Alfred A. Knopf, and in , Ballantine Books produced a paperback edition of the Knopf edition. Peregrine Smith published yet another edition in  with an introduction by Richard E. Oglesby. The most recent edition of Dame Shirley’s letters was published by Heyday Books and Santa Clara University in , edited with an introduction by Marlene Smith-Baranzini. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Joanne Levy, They Saw the Elephant: Women in the California Gold Rush (Ham- den, Connecticut: Archon Books, ); Rodman W. Paul, “In Search of Dame Shirley,” Pacific Historical Review : (May ), pp. -; Marlene Smith-Baranzini, Introduction to The Shirley Letters from the Cali- fornia Mines, - (Berkeley: Heyday Books; Santa Clara: University of Santa Clara, ); Carl I. Wheat, Introduction to California in :The Letters of Dame Shirley (San Francisco: The Grabhorn Press, ).

Item A. Illustrated vignette from The Pioneer; or, California Monthly, the symbolic representation of a newly arrived family joyously looking down from the California Coast Range, later adopted as the emblem of the California Historical Society.

 Item . Soulé, Gihon & Nesbit, The Annals of San Francisco,profusely illustrated. “Almost anything that one wants to know of life in San Francisco in the middle of the nineteenth century” (Powell).

 [  ]

SOULÉ, Frank (-), John H. Gihon (-) & James Nisbet (-). The Annals of San Francisco; Containing a Summary of the History of the First Discovery, Settlement, Progress, and Present Condition of California, and a Complete History of All the Important Events Connected with Its Great City: To Which Are Added, Biographical Memoirs of Some Prominent Citizens.... New York, San Francisco & London: D. Appleton & Company, .  pp.,  engraved views, including frontispiece (“Montgomery Street, San Francisco, north, from California Street. June ” and “San Francisco in  From the Head of Sacramento Street”),  engraved portraits (“Robert F. Stockton”; “Alexina F. Baker”; “Matilda Heron”; and “Col. John W. Geary Last Alcalde and First Mayor of San Francisco”),  engraved text illustrations (by leading artists and engravers of the day,some based on daguerreotypes by J. M. Ford), and  engraved maps: () Map of San Francisco (. x . cm; ¾ x ⅞ inches); () General Map Showing the Countries Explored & Surveyed by the United States & Mexican Boundary Commission in the Years , , ,& . Under the Direction of John R. Bartlett U.S. Commissioner ( x . cm, ¼ x ¾ inches). Thick vo, original full black morocco stamped in gilt and blind, spine gilt-lettered and ruled and with raised bands (skillfully rebacked, original spine preserved, new endpapers). Offsetting from engraved plates, occa- sional foxing (mainly confined to first signature), short clean tear on folding map at juncture with book block, otherwise fine. First edition. Barrett, Baja California . Braislin .Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. . Graff . Hamilton, Early American Book Illustrators and Wood Engravers  & vol. ,pp., , , , ,  (contains information on several artists and engravers, including Harrison Eastman). Holliday .Howell , Cali- fornia .Howes S. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics : “Because the focus is on San Francisco, this has been called (by John B. Goodman III) the first California county history.” Kurutz, The California Gold Rush : “Supplies much information on mining and its impact on this instant city.” Libros Californianos, p.  (Powell commentary); pp. - (Hanna list): “Almost anything that one wants to know of life in San Francisco in the middle of the nineteenth century....The book contains a number of valuable wood engravings and biographies of a group of pioneers—Samuel Brannan, Thomas O. Larkin, John A. Sutter, M. G. Vallejo, Joseph Folsom, et al. Extremely readable, but out of print and grow- ing scarcer as its merits become better known.” Norris .Rocq .Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier, pp. -. Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush ; Mapping the Transmississippi West n: “Among the most important Western maps.... One very enterprising feature for so early a map is a dotted-line (if unlabeled) showing the Gadsden Purchase boundary.” Zamorano  #. Included with the book is Charles Francis Griffin’s Index to the Annals of San Francisco (San Francisco: California Historical Society, , original boards). ( vols.) (-) [e\ N  Richard H. Dillon, in the most recent edition of The Annals of San Francisco, states it is “not only the best single book ever written on the City,it has proven to be the most influential book ever set in type to concern itself with San Francisco.” Considering the number of times that it has been reprinted, it may be the most popular and consulted book on the City.Written by two newspapermen, Soulé and Nisbet, and one early settler, Gihon, the book has a liveliness and readability not found in the usual Victorian-era nineteenth- century city or county history. The Annals is also a remarkable testament to the explosive development of San Francisco and California. Just seven years after the discovery of gold, this instant city lived enough history to produce an -page book about itself. This trio of authors divided the book into three sections: a general summary of Spanish California; the actual annals of the City; and a section devoted to individual topics such as the “Hounds,” fires, hotels, Vigi- lance Committee, Steamer-Day, and memoirs of noted California pioneers. For narrating the tumultuous years of  to , the authors relied on the City’s newspapers and their own personal knowledge. Conse- quently, it represents their most important and lasting contribution. Virtually every important event and

 personality receives their attention. The flood of Argonauts, the transformation of the city from a sea of tents to substantial brick buildings, the noisy gambling saloons, the fights, hangings, clipper ship arrivals, fires, high prices, etc., present ample evidence that San Francisco was the most interesting, jumping city on the face of the earth. While nostalgia buffs may concentrate on the rollicking side, a careful reading will demonstrate that the City was swiftly transforming itself from a brawling town to one of world-class restaurants, theaters, literary societies, newspapers, churches, schools, public gardens, and commercial institutions. The Annals includes much information on the daily impact of the diggings and the comings and goings of thousands of gold hunters. Such a prodigious work was not without its critics. William Francis White, a crusty forty-niner, in his book A Picture of Pioneer Times (), leveled a full broadside attack on the Annals, writing that “it was written in a style of bold, immoral bravado.” A more serious and thoughtful criticism came from California’s philoso- pher prince, Josiah Royce (q.v.), who targeted the book in his chapter entitled “The Moral Insanities of the Golden Days.” While Royce roundly criticized the authors for publishing a nostalgia-filled “delirious his- tory,” he did not give them their just due for documenting the growth of sound civic, cultural, benevolent, and economic institutions. The authors provided a useful appendix that included a reproduction and explanation of the Great Seal of California, text of the state constitution and city charter, and a listing of the members of the Society of California Pioneers. One of the glories of The Annals is its text illustrations and plates, some based on daguerreotypes by J. M. Ford. They form one of the best pictorial records of Gold Rush California and have since been reproduced many times. A prospectus for the Annals appeared in the November , , San Fran- cisco Daily Alta California. It stated that the book would be published by subscription and sold for . per copy. Notice of the book’s issuance appeared in the Alta California for June , , and The Pioneer (July ). An extensive summary appeared in The Edinburgh Review for April . According to the Sacramento Daily Union, July , , the royal octavo volume came “bound in cloth, roan, calf and morocco.” The California Historical Society published an index to the Annals and Dorothy Huggins produced the Continuation of the Annals of San Francisco, June , , to December , , first for the Society’s quarterly (June –June ) and as special publication Number  in . In , Lewis Osborne of Palo Alto pro- duced a facsimile. Osborne included an introduction by Richard H. Dillon; “A Treatise on the Engravings” by Joseph A. Baird; and an index by Charles H. Goehring. Berkeley Hills Books in conjunction with The Society of California Pioneers published a facsimile edition with an introduction by Herbert Ely Garcia in , and in , Berkeley Hills Books produced the first paperback edition with a splendid updated intro- duction by Dillon. —Gary F.Kurutz

Item . Engraving of the seal of The Society of California Pioneers, founded in  to preserve records of early California history, from The Annals of San Francisco.

 [  ]

STEVENSON, Robert Louis (-). The Silverado Squatters. London: Chatto & Windus, .[]  []  (publisher’s catalogue) pp., sepia frontispiece by Joseph Strong. vo, original sage green cloth decorated and lettered in sepia and gold. Light outer wear (most noticeably to corners with a bit of board exposed), front hinge cracked (frontispiece and free endpaper detached but present), interior fresh and clean, overall very good with bright gilt on binding. Preserved in a cloth chemise and half green morocco slipcase. Thomas W. Streeter’s copy with his printed book label. Engraved armorial bookplate of Charles Baxter. John How- ell–Books pencil notes at back, including Warren R. Howell’s notation: “First edition [and cost code] soyg.” First edition, first issue (with the word “His” omitted on next-to-last line of p. ). Beinecke .Cowan I, p. n (citing the American edition). Cowan II, p. .Grolier Stevenson Exhibit . Holliday .Howell , California .Howes S. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Clas- sics .Powell, California Classics, pp. -:“Volumes and libraries have been written about California, and yet none holds more essential truth than Stevenson’s few pages.” Prideaux, p. . Streeter Sale  (this copy, tracing provenance back to ). Zamorano  # (Leslie E. Bliss): “Fourteen delightful essays resulting from the author’s dwelling high on the side of Mt. St. Helena by the entrance to an abandoned silver mine. It con- tains one of the author’s finest sketches, many times reprinted, ‘The Sea Fogs.’” (-)

. STEVENSON, Robert Louis. The Silverado Squatters. San Francisco: The Grabhorn Press, .[]  [] pp., text illustration (full-page reproduction in sepia tone of the frontispiece to the original edition), deco- rated title and chapter headings. vo, original white linen over blue patterned boards, printed grey paper spine label. Very fine. Limited edition, the variant without Biobooks stamped on last leaf. Grabhorn (-) #.(-)

. STEVENSON, Robert Louis. Silverado Journal. San Francisco: [The Grabhorn Press for] The Book Club of California, . lxxii,  [, colophon] pp., facsimiles. to, original black cloth over rose patterned cloth, printed rose paper spine label. Very fine, publisher’s prospectus laid in. First complete publication of Stevenson’s original journal, limited edition ( copies). With notes and extended commentary by John E. Jordan. Grabhorn (-) #.(-) [e\ The Silverado Squatters, a book of romance and travel, is one of the most beloved works of California literature and history. While providing a charming and endearing picture of life in the shadow of Mt. St. Helena, “the Mount Blanc of the California range,” Silverado Squatters marks an important turning point in Stevenson’s career. Ann Roller Issler, an authority on Stevenson’s Napa sojourn, explained: “As a writer, this summer at Silverado he left behind his fumbling youth. Silverado was the retreat that healed his soul and gave him back to the world.” Furthermore, the time spent in and around Monterey and “the long green valley” of Napa gave the celebrated writer rich literary material that he would later incorporate into future novels Treasure Island, Ollala, and The Wreckers. As is well known, a smitten Robert Louis Stevenson came to California in poor health to pursue Fanny Van de Grift Osborne, a married woman. She obtained a divorce and the two married in May .To restore his health and escape the fogs of San Francisco Bay,the couple, along with Fanny’s twelve-year-old son, Samuel Lloyd Osborne, honeymooned at the abandoned cabin of a silver mine on the shoulder of Mt. St. Helena. During the warm months of June and July, the honeymooners absorbed the charm of this bucolic setting and its picturesque people. They freely engaged stage drivers, muleteers, miners, hunters, innkeepers, and winemakers. Calistoga, the Petrified Forest, the Bale Mill, the Toll House, the cellars of Jacob Schram’s winery, and the shop of the conniving Jewish peddler, Morris Friedberg (called Kelvar by Stevenson) became their haunts. With the patient nursing of Fanny, Stevenson recorded these Arcadian experiences into a notebook that would lead to The Silverado Squatters. Powell, in his California Classics, beau-

 Item .Thomas W.Streeter’s copy of Robert Louis Stevenson’s Silverado Squatters. “Volumes and libraries have been written about California, and yet none holds more essential truth than Stevenson’s few pages” (Powell).

 tifully summarized this interlude in the famous author’s life: “He gave the entire Silverado experience a pungent sensuality that reflects his joy at recovering his health, at least temporarily, and in winning the woman he loved.” The writing of The Silverado Squatters, however, turned out to be more of task than Stevenson initially envi- sioned. Returning to San Francisco and then to Europe, he painstakingly began transforming his notebook into a full-length book. It took him three years to bring it into a shape that the fastidious writer could accept. At one point, in despair,he lamented: “Silverado is an example of stuff worried and pawed about, God knows how often, in poor health, and you can see for yourself the result: good pages, an imperfect fusion, a certain languor of the whole. Not, in short, art.” But, it was art! Finally Stevenson submitted his manuscript to The Century Magazine and happily they published it in their November and December  issues. For his effort, Stevenson received . Significantly,these two articles introduced Stevenson to an American audience and paved the way for financial stability. Late that same year, Chatto and Windus of London published the first book-length collection of his Silverado stories in an edition of , copies. In addition to the Century mate- rial, the London imprint added much new material including such delightful chapters as “Calistoga,” “Napa Wine,” “The Toll House,” and “Episodes in the Story of a Mine.” The first American edition of Silverado Squatters was published in  by Roberts Brothers of Boston. Nat- urally,it has been the California scholars and collectors who have shown the most appreciation and devotion to this autobiographical work. Consequently, the text has been brought out in handsome California fine- press editions by John Henry Nash, Grabhorn Press, and Grace Hoper Press. Superb introductions and interpretations of Silverado Squatters have been written by the likes of James D. Hart and Oscar Lewis. Indi- vidual chapters like “The Sea Fogs” have likewise been published either as single monographs or as keepsakes by Paul Elder and the Bohemian Club. The ultimate statement of veneration may be the creation of the Stevenson Museum in beautiful St. Helena by Norman H. Strouse. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : Ann Roller Issler, Stevenson at Silverado: The Life and Writing of Robert Louis Stevenson in the Napa Valley, California,  (Fresno: Valley Publishers, ); Oscar Lewis, Introduction to Robert Louis Stevenson: The Silverado Squatters (Ashland: Lewis Osborne, ); Lawrence Clark Powell, California Clas- sics (Los Angeles: The Ward Ritchie Press, ), pp. -.

 Item . Swasey’s Early Days and Men of California. “Much of the book is taken up with biographical sketches of important pioneers [and the book] has always been considered an authority” (Layne). [  ]

SWASEY,W[illiam] F.(d. ). The Early Days and Men of California. Oakland: Pacific Press Publishing Com- pany, .x,- pp., frontispiece (“San Francisco -”), halftone portrait of Swasey, plate (“The Townsend-Murphy Immigrants—”). vo, original gilt-pictorial turquoise blue cloth, gilt-lettered spine, cream and brown decorated endpapers. Spine and gilt lettering a bit dull, binding slightly stained, light shelf wear (especially at corners), short tape repair to front free endpaper, interior very fine. Affixed to front paste- down is an illustration of the first custom house at Monterey. Lower pastedown with small vintage Dawson’s label (“Dawson’s Bookshop/Los Angeles/Old Curious and Standard Books”). First edition of a “book particularly valuable for information about California before the gold discovery” (Kurutz, The California Gold Rush ). Braislin .Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. . Graff.Howell , California .Howes S. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics . Mintz, The Trail . Norris .Rocq . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush . Streeter Sale . Zamorano  #.(-) [e\ C S possessed firsthand knowledge of significant early events and personally knew many of the California pioneers described in this fact-filled book. He was often at the right place and the right time. Although written many years later, his book shows reliability, self-assurance, and polish. He opened his book with an admirable autobiography that concentrated on his life prior to .A native of Maine, the former mountain man came overland to California from St. Louis in  and obtained employ- ment variously as a bookkeeper for Captain Sutter, as a clerk for the noted merchant William Heath Davis (q.v.), and as a consular clerk for Thomas O. Larkin. When the Mexican-American War erupted, he joined Frémont’s California Battalion as assistant commissary. Following the war, Swasey found himself in the thick of things when Marshall discovered gold. Recalling those heady days, he wrote: “In the following July  [] I took the first extensive stock of goods taken to Sutter’s Mill.... In September I took to San Francisco the first large amount of gold from the mines, eight-two pounds avoirdupois.” Such positions and experiences provided rich material for his book. Afterwards, he lived in San Francisco holding a position as notary public and was called upon as a witness for several important land cases. During the Civil War, he served as captain of the volunteers stationed at Benicia. Demonstrating his interest in San Francisco’s already legendary past, he published the famous View of San Francisco in ’ (reproduced as the frontispiece) depicting the village of Yerba Buena on the eve of the gold discovery.In addition, Swasey supplied Bancroft with a preliminary recollection entitled California in ’-. Following his autobiography, Swasey developed several excellent chapters on the American conquest of Alta California. As a member of the California Battalion, he participated in and observed many of the key events and, in his narrative history,wrote with the satisfaction of the victor. Swasey vigorously disagreed with Bancroft’s coverage of the conflict stating: “Mr. Bancroft indulges in a redundancy of denial and denuncia- tion. He denounces the whole Mexican War as rooted in crime and cupidity. One of his critics pertinently says that ‘he forgets the American and remembers only the cosmopolite [meaning Mexican] and the histo- rian.’” Throughout his text, he made an effort to counter Bancroft’s conclusions. The main portion of Swasey’s work is devoted to short sketches of sixty-one pre–Gold Rush pioneers and two dozen Argonauts. These number among the most famous Anglo names in the state from the s and s including the likes of John C. Frémont, W.D. M. Howard, Moses Schallenberger, Edwin Bryant (q.v.), Edward C. Kemble, Nathan Spear, and William A. Richardson. Swasey swelled with justifiable pride con- cerning these pre- figures, writing with a self-congratulatory tone typical of his era. In characterizing the subjects of his profiles he wrote that they “were composed of a class of men who were in the full vigor of early manhood, imbued with a spirit of adventure in its highest sense, and backed by intelligence and supreme self- reliance.... They found California an uncultivated, almost unpopulated, paradise, blooming in silence and solitude, amid primeval and magnificent luxuriance, like a young maiden waiting for her bridegroom.” —Gary F.Kurutz

 Item .Bayard Taylor’s Eldorado. “Probably the outstanding book on the early Gold Rush in California” (Cleland), “with gorgeous colored plates of California scenes” (Hanna).

 [  ]

TAYLOR, Bayard (-). Eldorado; or, Adventures in the Path of Empire: Comprising a Voyage to California, via Panama; Life in San Francisco and Monterey; Pictures of the Gold Region, and Experiences of Mexican Travel...with Illustra- tions by the Author. New York: George P.Putnam; London: Richard Bentley, . xii,  + [] []-[] [, list of illustrations, verso blank] []- [,blank]  (publisher’s catalogue, signed as in BAL pagination sequence A) pp.,  tinted lithographic plates by Sarony & Major (including  frontispieces).  vols., mo, original green blindstamped cloth, title stamped in gilt on backstrips. Bindings slightly worn and shelf-slanted, spines light, upper hinge of vol.  weak, generally a very good set, the plates fine. Contemporary ink inscriptions on front free endpapers: “Sarah Wistar for her nephews  Oakland” (inscription in second vol. partially defaced). The Clifford copy. First edition, the American issue—vol.  list of illustrations incorrectly cites Mazatlán plate at p.  rather than p.  (plate bound at p.  in this copy), lithographs with “New York, Geo. P.Putnam” below titles (as illustrated in plate ,Peters, California on Stone). Text block . cm tall, as trimmed by publisher for binding. BAL . Bennett, American Book Collecting, p. . Braislin .Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. . Graff. Gudde, Cal- ifornia Gold Camps, pp. -. Hill, p. :“The book met with great success, selling , copies in America and , in England within two weeks.” Holliday .Howes T. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhi- bition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush a. LC, California Centennial . Libros Californianos, pp. - (Powell commentary): “His chronicle of the voyage to California via Panama is the best in print, and his chapters dealing with the constitutional convention at Monterey in  are unex- celled”; p.  (Hanna List). Norris .Peters, California on Stone, pp. -.Rocq . Streeter Sale . Vail, Gold Fever, p. . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush . Zamorano  #. The tinted plates are lithographs after the author’s original artwork. The plates are: () “San Francisco in November, .From a Sketch by J. C. Ward, Esq.”; () “Lower Bar, Mokelumne River”; () “Monterey”; () “The Volcano Diggings”; () “San Francisco in November ” (illustrated in Peters, plate ); () “Sacramento City, from the South”; () “Portsmouth Square, San Francisco”; and () “Mazatlan.” See Van Nostrand, The First Hundred Years of Painting in California, pp. , -, -; and Van Nostrand & Coulter, California Pictorial, pp. - (illustrating plate of “Lower Bar, Mokelumne River”). ( vols.) (-,) [e\ R G C, in the introduction to the Borzoi edition of this two-volume opus, wrote: “This work by an eminent writer and artist is probably the outstanding book on the early Gold Rush in California.” Dale Morgan provided this critique: “The chief defect of his narrative is its point of view, that of a detached observer rather than that of a participant.” While Morgan may be correct, Taylor’s command of the lan- guage and the scenes he witnessed make Eldorado one of California’s greatest books. Only J. D. Borthwick’s Three Years in California (q.v.) exceeds this as a Gold Rush narrative and only because the Scotsman actually worked a claim. Attesting to the staying power of Eldorado, it is still in print and has probably been reprinted more times than any other book on California history. Taylor, a successful author and correspondent with Horace Greeley’s New York Tribune, came to California to cover the most exciting story in the world, the Gold Rush. He left New York on the Falcon on June , , crossed the Isthmus of Panama, boarded the Oregon and arrived in San Francisco on August .Ironically, Taylor noted that a New Yorker in San Francisco sold , copies of his newspaper (the Tribune) for a dollar a piece in two hours. Lieutenant Edward F. Beale (to whom the book is dedicated) accompanied Taylor on most of his travels. He visited the diggings between the Cosumnes and Mokelumne Rivers as well as the major towns and camps. The journalist’s portrayal of San Francisco and Sacramento are verbal master- pieces. He described San Francisco at night, dotted with campfires and transparent lantern-lit canvas houses, making the city gleam “like an amphitheatre of fire.” His imagery of Sacramento City with it earsplitting sounds, its gaudily decorated tent saloons, and the hilarious performances at California’s only theater, the

 Eagle, demonstrate his singular talent. In addition, Taylor visited Monterey and witnessed the state constitu- tional convention. He left San Francisco on January , , on board the Oregon, along with a cargo of  mil- lion in gold and several distinguished passengers including the newly-elected Senators Frémont and Gwin and Congressmen Gilbert and Wright. T.Butler King, whose report of March ,  comprises the appen- dix, was also a passenger. Reflecting on his short but kaleidoscopic visit, Taylor wrote, “The world’s history has no page so marvellous as that which has just been turned in California.” The remainder of Eldorado records his cross-country sojourn in Mexico and return trip to New York. Eldorado was simultaneously published by Putnam’s in New York and Richard Bentley in London. The exclu- sive English edition of that year is identical except for a newly printed title page. Portions of the text appeared earlier in the New York Tribune. Prior to publication, Taylor wrote Putnam, saying: “I have quite a number of illustrative sketches, to be engraved, all of which will greatly increase the interest of the book. By managing the thing properly, , copies can be sold in a year.” In another letter, dated May , ,Taylor stated: “Put- nam has orders for near two thousand copies, and can’t get the books bound fast enough.” Taylor wrote in June , : “I must also tell you that there are now three reprints of ‘El Dorado’ in London.” A popular work, sev- eral pirated editions also appeared in  and, by , the “eighteenth” edition was published. However,there is no evidence of the ninth through seventeenth editions. In , the copyright changed to Marie Taylor. Information pertaining to Taylor’s California trip and the publication of Eldorado may be found in Life and Let- ters of Bayard Taylor, edited by Marie Hansen-Taylor and Horace E. Scudder (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, ) and The Unpublished Letters of Bayard Taylor, edited by John R. Schultz (San Marino: Huntington Library, ). Robert Glass Cleland wrote the introduction for the Borzoi edition (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, ), and Richard H. Dillon provided a biographical introduction for the Lewis Osborne edition (Palo Alto, ). In , the University of Nebraska Press reprinted the Borzoi edition. Eldorado was also reprinted by Rio Grande Press (Glorieta, New Mexico, ). In , Santa Clara University,in partnership with Heyday Books of Berkeley,published a new edition with a foreword by James D. Houston and an afterword by Roger Kahn. —Gary F.Kurutz

Item . Early lithographed view of Sacramento from Bayard Taylor’s original sketches.

 [  ]

THORNTON, J[essy] Quinn (-). Oregon and California in ...with an Appendix, Including Recent and Authentic Information on the Subject of the Gold Mines of California, and Other Valuable Matter of Interest to the Emigrant.... New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, .x []- +  [,blank]  (ads) pp. (complete),  engraved plates, folding lithographic map within botanical border, original hand coloring (pink outline color, gold regions with highlighting in yellow): Map of California, Oregon, Texas, and the Territories Adjoining with Routes &c. Published by J. H. Colton...... (. x . cm; ⅝ x  inches).  vols., mo, dark brown blindstamped cloth, spines gilt- lettered (vol.  neatly rebacked, original spine preserved, tips and corners of both vols. renewed). Bindings mod- erately stained and worn (a few short splits, but only to cloth along joints), endpapers darkened from original adhesive used by binder, a few foxmarks to text, two tears to map repaired, generally a very good set. Author’s presentation inscription in both volumes to Rev. David Leslie, Oregon frontiersman and noted early Protestant missionary to Oregon: “Presented to Rev. David Leslie by his friend The Author, Oregon City,June , .” First edition, containing “the first printed account of the Donner Party” (Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics ). Braislin .Cowan I, p. : “One of the best authorities of the period, and the account he has given of the ill-fated Donner party is perhaps the most valu- able in print.” Cowan II, p. . Graff . Hamilton, Early American Book Illustrators and Wood Engravers a (citing the book and giving a short biography of English engraver J. Halpin): “An early view of Fort Laramie appears at p. .” Holliday .Howell , California .Howes T.Kurutz, The California Gold Rush a. Mattes, Platte River Road Narratives . Mintz, The Trail . Plains & Rockies IV::. Smith . Streeter Sale . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush : “Prints some of the earliest reports of the gold discoveries”; Mapping the Transmississippi West  & III, p. ; Maps of the California Gold Region . Zamorano  # (J. Gregg Layne): “Thornton was one of the real pioneers of Oregon and California, arriving in Oregon in . He has always been considered a good authority and this work is among the best of the times.” Colton’s large and handsome Map of California, Oregon, Texas, and the Territories Adjoining with Routes &c. is among the best of the commercial maps rushed to press in  to meet the clamor for details on the route to California and location of the gold fields. Typical of this genre of map of the period, two earlier maps were combined ( Frémont and  Tanner), and the gold regions were highlighted. The engravings in the book, the first of the Donner Party,were the work of English artist J. Halpin (fl. -), whose father was an engraver for the Staffordshire potteries. After working in Russia and Nova Scotia, Halpin came to the United States in the late s and engraved landscapes and portraits for publishers in New York City.Halpin engraved some of Timothy Cole’s landscapes and a noted portrait of George Washington. His original art- works were exhibited at the National Academy in  and .Later Halpin removed to Cincinnati. See Fielding. ( vols.) (,-,) [e\ F   of California history, the most important feature of Thornton’s work is his lengthy, dramatic history of the Donner Party tragedy.The first volume features Thornton’s overland trek to Oregon in  and a general description of the territory.His journal is characterized by its eloquence and flowing lit- erary style. The second volume records the author’s trip to California by sea from Oregon in November ; it includes a description of San Francisco and its environs and California west of the Sierra and a report on the climate and resources of the region. Thornton, beginning with chapter  of the second volume, tells the story of the Donners. It is the earliest published account in book form and, until the publication in  of C. F. McGlashan’s (q.v.) narrative his- tory,served as the primary source of information on this gruesome, heart-sickening saga. Thornton’s interest in this affair stems from the fact that he met many of the ill-fated California emigrants on the Overland Trail in July .Thornton headed to Oregon while the Donner, Reed, and Eddy group “headed left” to meet Lansford W.Hastings (q.v.) and follow a new route to California. That route, as they soon discovered, proved

 Item .Thornton’s Oregon and California in , with Colton’s important map of California, Oregon, and Texas—“One of the best authorities of the period, and the account...of the ill-fated Donner party is perhaps the most valuable in print” (Cowan).

 disastrous. When Thornton later came to California he reported that he met many of the survivors, and they, in turn, asked him to write a history of the journey based on eyewitness information given to him in order to correct errors in the California Star and squelch a “multitude of floating rumors.” Their chosen author lived up to the task, writing in a gripping, spellbinding manner that matched the drama of the dreadful situation. His description of cannibalism, the murder of the two Indian guides for their flesh, and the ravenous appetite of Lewis Keseberg will send shivers up the spine. Thornton’s narrative included the heroic efforts to rescue the starving, snowbound emigrants and a concluding chapter on “The Sensations and Mental Condition of the Sufferers.” The stylized engravings based on drawings by J. Halpin are the earliest published illustrations of the tragedy, and, naturally, have been reproduced innumerable times. Although Thornton’s account has been generally accepted by George Stewart, Bernard De Voto, and oth- ers, these historians, not surprisingly,question many of the details. In particular, the damning of Keseberg by Thornton has been judged as unduly harsh. Joseph A. King, in his recent study Winter of Entrapment: A New Look at the Donner Party, strongly disputes many of Thornton’s claims. King deduces that the author relied pri- marily on the account of William Eddy and not on several eyewitness accounts as Thornton originally stated.

Item . Engraved plate of Donner Party, in Thornton’s Oregon and California in . King called Eddy a “boaster and liar” who used Thornton “to construct many tall tales...which have badly distorted the factual record.” Furthermore, King asserts that Thornton obtained much of his information “from secondary sources, especially the wild accounts appearing in the press.” Thornton’s two-volume work appeared at the time of the Gold Rush, and wishing to take advantage of the situation, he added an appendix entitled: “The Gold Regions of California.” Thornton wrote: “While the first portion of this work was passing through the press the world was astounded by a rapid succession of the most wonderful narratives of the discovery of boundless treasures.” Because of the need to go to press as quickly as possible, the appendix consists mainly of early accounts of the Gold Rush from other well-known observers such as Thomas O. Larkin and R. B. Mason. Thornton added letters from A. Ten Eyck from San Francisco dated September ,  and Walter Colton, August , , and a description with letters from The Californian of San Francisco dated August , .The last segment is “Practical Directions to Persons about to Cross the Isthmus of Panama.” The folding lithographic map of the gold regions, western territo- ries, and routes by J. H. Colton is one of the most famous from the Gold Rush era. Harper and Brothers reprinted the title in  and . Biobooks of Oakland reprinted the book in  as The California Tragedy. The Arno Press produced a facsimile edition in  and in  Outbooks published only the Donner Party portion under the title Camp of Death: The Donner Party Mountain Camp, -. —Gary F.Kurutz

A  :Joseph A. King, Winter of Entrapment (Lafayette, California: K & K Publica- tions, ).

 Item .Tyler’s Mormon Battalion—Blazing of the first wagon road from Santa Fe to San Diego.

 [  ]

TYLER, Daniel (-). A Concise History of the Mormon Battalion in the Mexican War. -. [Salt Lake City: Privately printed],  []. []  pp. vo, original blindstamped purple sheep, gilt-lettered and decorated spine. Spine faded, fragile sheep binding rubbed and chafed, front endpaper with a few stains, internally fine and bright, overall near fine. First edition “of the earliest book on the famous battalion” (Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics ). Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. .Edwards, Enduring Desert, p. . Flake . Garrett, The Mexican-American War, p. . Graff. Hill, p. .Howell , California . Howes T. Norris . NYPL Mormon List, p. .Rocq . Streeter Sale .Tutorow n. Wal- gren, The Scallawagiana Hundred: A Selection of the Hundred Most Important Books about the Mormons and Utah . Zamorano  # (J. Gregg Layne): “The earliest and probably the best book on the famous Mormon Battal- ion of the Mexican War.... Many of [the Battalion’s] members remained in California and became out- standing citizens.” (-,) [e\ S D T’ narrative has long been considered the authoritative work on this heroic battalion of Mormon volunteers. The battalion, numbering about five hundred men, was organized at Council Bluffs, Iowa, in July .Tyler himself was a member of Company C. After reaching Santa Fe, New Mexico, and under the leadership of Lt. Colonel Philip St. George Cooke, they headed to California following the Gila River. They experienced, as reflected in Tyler’s vividly written account, a journey filled with unbelievable hardship. Thirst, starvation, heat, and freezing cold were their constant companions. Persevering, they made it to Warner’s Ranch and then to San Diego in January . Upon their arrival at Mission San Diego, Cooke praised the men for their accomplishment: “Thus march- ing half naked and half fed, and living upon wild animals, we have discovered and made a road of great value to our country.” The battalion never saw combat but established Fort Moore in Los Angeles and strengthened the American hold on California. The members of the battalion were mustered out on July , . In addi- tion to telling the story of the trek west, Tyler provides an important overview of the bitter rivalry between Stephen Watts Kearny and John C. Frémont for political control of newly conquered California; life in the pueblos of San Diego and Los Angeles; the return journey to Salt Lake City; and the role of several “Battalion Boys” who were at Sutter’s Mill on that fateful January  morning when James Marshall discovered gold. The author recognized that his book did have its limitations as it was written “after a lapse of thirty-six years.” Tyler, however, made a serious effort at gathering diaries, letters, and statements “from surviving members of that valiant corps.” Beginning on page , he listed the names of battalion members, servants to officers, and families who accompanied the force. The volume also includes letters of Cooke defending the actions of the battalion when he visited Salt Lake City in  and a list with names, addresses, occupations, and offices of surviving members as of March .The inclusion of the latter indicates that Tyler published the book in  and not  as stated on the title page. David Bigler and Will Bagley, both outstanding scholars of Mormon history, provide the following assess- ment of Sergeant Tyler’s history: “The old sergeant was a competent chronicler, but he told the tale as a reli- gious epic that celebrated the battalion as ‘the Ram in the Thicket’ whose sacrifice saved the Mormon Church...his mix of myth and history was accepted as gospel by generations of descendants.” The Rio Grande Press published facsimile editions in  and . —Gary F.Kurutz

A  : David L. Bigler & Will Bagley,editors, Army of Israel: Mormon Battalion Narra- tives (Spokane: The Arthur H. Clark Company, ), pp. -; Harold Schindler, Introduction to A Concise History of the Mormon Battalion in the Mexican War, - (Glorieta: The Rio Grande Press, Inc., ).

 Item . Upham’s Notes of a Voyage to California. “Provides much information about the early history of Sacramento, the territorial pioneers, and early California journalism for which there are no other sources” (Howell). [  ]

UPHAM, Samuel C[urtis] (-). Notes of a Voyage to California via Cape Horn, Together with Scenes in El Dorado, in the Years -’. With an Appendix Containing Reminiscences of Pioneer Journalism in California.... Philadelphia: Published by the Author, . xxii []- pp., engraved frontispiece portraits of Sutter and Upham, numerous plates (portraits and plates included in pagination), text illustrations. vo, original maroon gilt-pictorial pebbled cloth, beveled edges, extra-gilt decoration on upper and lower covers, a.e.g. Spine a bit light and front hinge slightly weak, otherwise very fine—a desirable copy in the extra-gilt binding. From the library of collector Thomas Wayne Norris, with his bookplate illustrating Mission Carmel in its state prior to restoration (Talbot, Historic California in Bookplates, pp. , illustrated). First edition. Cowan I, pp. -.Cowan II, p. . Hill, p. . Holliday .Howell , California : “Provides much information about the early history of Sacramento, the territorial pioneers, and early Cali- fornia journalism for which there are no other sources.” Howes U. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhi- bition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush . Norris  (this copy). Rocq . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush . Zamorano  #.The author notes that the illustra- tions were engraved by David Scattergood and C. H. Reed from original artwork, daguerreotypes, photo- graphs, and the books of Soulé (q.v.) and Letts. (-) [e\ A  U, these reminiscences “have been written amid the hurly-burly of a busy mercantile life, from notes taken at the time the incidents treated of transpired.” Despite being a recollection, his narra- tive is rich with information and written in a sprightly and entertaining way. Leaving a lucrative position in a counting house in Philadelphia, Upham “resigned the quill for ‘the pick and the spade’” and set sail on the brig Osceola on January , , shipped around Cape Horn, and reached San Francisco on August . Upham devoted a major portion of his book to the long voyage. After experienc- ing a jumping San Francisco, the gold seeker headed for the diggings on the Calaveras River. Poor health, however, forced him back to Stockton and then San Francisco, where he survived by selling pickles and pipes before becoming a courier for the Pacific News. In the spring of , Upham relocated in Sacramento, and with five others started the Sacramento Transcript, one of California’s first newspapers. The journalist provided a superior description of Sacramento City,witnessing the first great fire, the first election under state law,and, in August, the famed Squatter Riots in which the sheriff was killed and the mayor wounded. He wrote in vivid terms of Captain Sutter and his fort, a banquet at Sutter’s Hock Farm, a concert given by the celebrated French composer Henri Herz, and the first minstrel performance in town. Upham liberally reproduced arti- cles from his newspaper to supplement his narrative. In the fall, he sold out his interests in the Transcript for , and returned to Philadelphia via the Isthmus of Panama on the steamship Columbus. Upham included an extensive appendix covering such topics as the history of pioneer journalism in California, cele- bration of Admission Day, a reception for John C. Frémont, and the dedication of the Lick Monument at Fredericksburg, Pennsylvania. The California State Library has a prospectus dated November , , and a publisher’s “dummy” for this important reminiscence. Sold by subscription in an edition of  copies, the author charged . for cloth and . for Turkey morocco with full gilt. The San Francisco Alta California for December , , carried an announcement of Upham’s book. In a note about the engravings Upham wrote: “The illustra- tions in this volume are from Original Sketches, Daguerreotypes, Photographs, the ‘Annals of San Fran- cisco,’ and ‘California Illustrated’ [by J. M. Letts].” Arno Press (New York, ) reprinted Upham’s work. —Gary F.Kurutz

 Item .Vancouver’s Voyage, an epic survey with outstanding plates and maps finally showing the West Coast accurately. “[The Northwest Coast is] so remarkably complicated that Vancouver’s systematic and painstaking survey ranks with the most distingished work of the kind ever done” (Pacific scholar J. C. Beaglehole). [  ]

VANCOUVER, George (-). A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean, and round the World; in Which the Coast of North-West America Has Been Carefully Examined and Accurately Surveyed. Undertaken by His Majesty’s Com- mand, Principally with a View to Ascertain the Existence of Any Navigable Communication between the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans; and Performed in the Years , , , , , and , in the “Discovery” Sloop of War, and Armed Tender “Chatham”.... London: G. G. & J. Robinson; J. Edwards, .  vols.:  vols., to (text) + folio (atlas). T: [] xxix [,blank] []  + []  + []  [,errata] pp., copper-engraved map,  cop- per-engraved plates illustrating views on land and sea and natives (including Alaska, Hawaii, California—the  plates of California interest are: “The Mission of St. Carlos, near Monterrey”; “The Presidio of Monter- rey”; “A Remarkable Mountain near the River of Monterrey”).  vols., large to, contemporary tree calf (sympathetically rebacked at an earlier date in calf, gilt-lettered red and green morocco spine labels, spine stamped in gilt and blind). Bindings worn, with some cracking of original leather, text and plates uniformly age-toned, some foxing and offsetting from plates to text, upper hinge of vol.  weak. Generous margins. Engraved armorial bookplates in all three volumes. A:  folding copper-engraved maps,  copper- engraved views (profiles of parts of coasts, headlands, etc.) [see partial list of maps, charts, and profiles below]. Large folio, later (early twentieth-century?) three-quarter sheep over blue marbled boards. Binding rubbed and spinal extremities chipped. Early ink manuscript table of contents. Some foxing and browning, heavier along blank margins. Overall a very good to near fine copy, complete. First edition of “one of the most important accounts of the exploration of the Pacific Northwest” (Streeter Sale ). Barrett, Baja California . California :Forty-Nine Maps of California from the Sixteenth Century to the Present (Norman J. W. Thrower)  (discussing plate , the chart of the Northwest Coast with insets of the ports of San Diego and San Francisco; chart illustrated at p. ; see more discussion of plate  below). Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. .Ferguson, Australia .Forbes, Hawaiian National Bibliography :“Vancouver, who had served on Cook’s Third Voyage, was made commander of an expedition whose express purpose was to reclaim wherever possible British rights to the Northwest Coast of America.... Vancouver sailed to the Pacific via Australia, where he discovered and charted King George Sound and Cape Hood, passed Van Diemen’s Land, and visited New Zealand, Hawaii, and the Northwest Coast. During the course of three sea- sons, he surveyed Alaska and the Northwest Coast, investigated the Strait of Juan de Fuca, discovered the Strait of Georgia, and circumnavigated Vancouver Island. He visited San Francisco, Monterey, and other Spanish settlements of Alta California.” Graff. Harlow, Maps of San Francisco Bay ; Maps of the Pueblo Lands of San Diego . Hill, pp. -.Howell , California ; Anniversary Catalogue  (Richard B. Reed description) “[Vancouver’s] coastal survey of the area north of San Francisco was the most accurate that had been done to that time.... His Voyage is important not only for the magnificent charts and splendid views that accompanied it, but also for the valuable and extensive amount of information that it provided on the Span- ish settlements, the Indian tribes, and the physical features of the country that he visited. It is one of the ‘clas- sics’ of the late eighteenth-century geographical literature.... An vo edition, with corrections, was issued in six volumes, without an atlas, in , and French translations appeared in , , and , with Ger- man, Swedish, and Russian editions being published in , , and  respectively.None,however, can match the elegance and importance of this first printing.” Howes V: “Of all modern exploring voyages to the Pacific those of Cook, La Pérouse and Vancouver were the most important.” Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Jones . Lada-Mocarski . Lande .Mathes, California Colonial Bibliography . National Maritime Museum Catalogue III . Norris . O’Reilly & Reitman, Bibliographie de Tahiti . Phillips, Atlases . Smith . Staton & Tremaine .Tweney, The Washington  # (illustrated at p.  is “the first known picture of Mount Rainier” by John Sykes): “[Vancouver’s] meticulous survey literally put on the map of the world the intricacies of Puget Sound, Hood Canal, and the western coast of mainland Canada. He was the first to circumnavigate Vancouver Island, and the charts and maps he produced were so accurate and complete as to continue being used almost to the present day. He bestowed approximately

  place names, ninety percent of which are still in use.” Van Nostrand, The First Hundred Years of Painting in California, pp. -, -.Van Nostrand & Coulter, California Pictorial, pp. - (illustrating John Sykes’s “Presidio of Monterey” and “Mission of San Carlos”). Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast - & pp. -.Wickersham . Zamorano  #.Vancouver charted one of the last great unknown coast- lines in its entirety. His explorations and maps finally disproved the long-held theory that there was a pas- sage that linked the Pacific Ocean with Hudson Bay. (And in a footnote to ranching history: Captain George Vancouver landed the very first long horned cattle on Hawaii Island in , beginning the cattle ranching industry in Hawaii.)

MAPS, CHARTS, AND PROFILES OF CALIFORNIA AND NORTHWEST COAST INTEREST

P : A Chart Shewing Part of the Coast of N.W.America, with the Tracks of His Majesty’s Sloop Discovery and Armed Tender Chatham...in Which the Continental Shore has been Finally Traced and Determined from Latd. º ’N.and Longd. º ’E.to Latd. º ’N.and Longd. º ’E. . x  cm (½ x ⅜ inches). Inset: Bay of Trinidad. Wag- ner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast .Pacific Coast from Northern Oregon to Bodega Bay. Mount Hood is depicted and named; it was named for Lord Hood by Lieut. W.R. Broughton in October of .

Item .John Sykes’s engraving of Monterey—among the few published prints of California from the eighteenth century actually painted or sketched on site in California.

 P : Views of Parts of the Coast of North West America...Cape Mendocino the South Promontory.... . x . cm (⅛ x ¾ inches). Six profiles of Northern California to Washington, including Cape Mendocino, Cape Orford, Cape Gregory, Point Grenville, Cape Flattery, and Mount Olympus.

P : A Chart Shewing Part of the Coast of N.W.America with the Tracks of His Majesty’s Sloop Discovery and Armed Tender Chatham...in Which the Continental Shore has been Correctly Traced and Determined from Lat. ° ’N.and Long. ° ’E.to Lat. ° ’N.and Long ° E. at the Different Periods Shewn by the Tracks. . x . cm. (¾ x ⅛ inches). Insets: () Entrance of Columbia River; () Gray’s Harbour; () Port Discovery. Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast .This chart covers the extreme northern edge of Oregon up to Queen Charlotte Sound, north of Vancouver Island. Mount Rainier is illustrated and named; it was named in May of  after Peter Rainier, who was to become a Rear Admiral within three years of having the majestic peak named for him.

P : Views of Parts of the Coast of North West America...The Westernmost of Scot’s Islands.... . x . cm (¼ x ⅜ inches). Six views of coastal profiles from Oregon to Canada, including Scot’s Island, Cape Scot, Woody Point, Nootka Sound, Columbia River–Cape Disappointment, and Punto Barro de Arena. These views cover the same area as in plate : Scott (as it is now) is just north of Vancouver Island. Cape Disap- pointment is the southern tip of Washington State.

Item .Remarkably precise and detailed engraved profiles in Vancouver’s atlas.

 P : A Chart Shewing Part of the Coast of N.W.America with the Tracks of His Majesty’s Sloop Discovery and Armed Tender Chatham...in Which the Continental Shore Has Been Correctly Traced and Determined from Lat. lº.’N.and Long. °.’E.to Lat. °.’N.and Long. ° E. at the Periods Shewn by the Tracks... . x . cm (⅝ x  inches). Inset: A Survey of Port Stewart. Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast .This chart covers from Queen Charlotte Sound north to the area of Sitka, Alaska.

P : A Chart Shewing Part of the Coast of N.W. America with the Tracks of His Majesty’s Sloop Discovery and Armed Tender Chatham...in Which the Continental Shore has been Correctly Traced and Determined from Latde. °..N. and Longd. °. E. to Latd. °. N. and Longd. °..E.Insets: () Entrance of Port S n. Francisco; () Port S n. Diego. . x . cm (⅛ x ¼ inches). California :Forty-Nine Maps of California from the Sixteenth Century to the Present (Norman J. W. Thrower): “This chart of the California coast from º to º’ north latitude was compiled from surveys made by Captain George Vancouver of the British Royal Navy. It is one of a series of charts covering the northwest coast of America from º to about º north latitude made from surveys conducted in the years -.These charts superseded all others of the coast, became the stan- dard and were much copied. It was not until the s that Vancouver’s charts for the western coast of the United States were replaced by those of the United States Coast Survey as the standard.... The inset of the entrance to San Francisco Bay is from a survey by Vancouver, while that of San Diego was taken from Spanish charts with additions and corrections by Vancouver.” Harlow, Maps of San Francisco Bay  (fourth separately printed map of San Francisco); Maps of the Pueblo Lands of San Diego  (third separately printed map of San Diego): “Vancouver made no survey of the port. Noting that Dalrymple’s chart was ‘entitled to much praise,’ he nevertheless suggested some ‘little improvements.” Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast .The map extends from St. Domingo, Mexico in the south to Point Reyes, California, in the north, and the vessels’ tracks are shown by dotted lines. Spanish missions and presidios are noted. A note in the cartouche says “The parts shaded red are taken from the Spanish Authorities.”

P : Views of Parts of the Coast of North West America...Punto de los Reyes.... . x . cm (½ x ⅝ inches). Coastal views including Punto de los Reyes to the Bay of Sir Francis Drake, entrance to the Port of St. Fran- cisco, Point Piños to the River Carmelo, Santa Barbara to beyond the Presidio, Port San Diego Punta de Loma, two remarkable mountains south of San Diego, and Cape Colnett. The profile showing Santa Bar- bara includes small renderings of the chief architecture then in existence.

P : A Chart Shewing Part of the Coast of N.W.America with the Tracks of His Majesty’s Sloop Discovery and Armed Tender Chatham...in Which the Continental Shore Has Been Correctly Traced and Determined from Latde. of °.’North & Longde. °’ East; to Cape Douglas in Latde. °.’North & Longde. ° East. Inset: A Survey of Port Chatham. . x . cm (⅝ x ½ inches). Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast . Plates , , and  are all around the same area, the Alaska Peninsula, Kenai Peninsula, and to the east. Plate  shows the east coast of the Alaska Peninsula in the Cook Inlet area (Anchorage is at the head of Cook Inlet).

P : A Chart Shewing Part of the Coast of N.W.America with the Tracks of His Majesty’s Sloop Discovery and Armed Ten- der Chatham...in Which the Continental Shore Has Been Correctly Traced and Determined from Latd. º.’N.and Longd. º.’E.to Latd. º.’N.and Longd. º. E. at the Periods Shown by the Track. Inset: A Survey of Port Chalmers. . x . cm (¾ x ⅜ inches). Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast . Plate  forms a group with plates  and ,moving eastward to show the southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula and Prince William Sound.

P : A Chart Shewing Part of the Coast of N.W.America with the Tracks of His Majesty’s Sloop Discovery and Armed Tender Chatham...in Which the Continental Shore Has Been Correctly Traced and Determined from the Latde. º.’N.and Longd. º. E. to Latd. º..N.and Longd. º..E. at the Periods Shewn by the Track. Insets: () Entrance into Cross Sound; () A Survey of Port Conclusion; () A Survey of Port Protection. . x . cm (⅞ x ¼ inches). Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast . Plates  and  are of a group with plate , here showing Prince William Sound to a point near the Alaska Panhandle.

 P : Views of Headlands and Islands on the Coasts of North West and South America, . x . cm (½ x ⅝ inches). Numerous views of the coast, including Cook’s Inlet at Port Chatham, Port San Blas and the Islet of Diego Ramírez to the south of Cape Horn. Includes Cabo San Lucas.

P : A Chart Shewing Part of the Coast of N.W.America with the Tracks of His Majesty’s Sloop Discovery and Armed Tender Chatham...in Which the Continental Shore Has Been Correctly Traced and Determined, from Latde. °. N. and Long. °. E. to Cape Douglas in Lat. °..N.and Long. °. E. during the Summers of ,  and .... . x . cm (¼ x ⅜ inches). Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast . Here Vancouver presents a com- bination of all of the maps above, showing the Pacific coast from western Alaska to northern Mexico. Full lines show the vessels’ tracks north, with dotted lines indicating the vessels’ tracks south. A note within the car- touche states, “The parts not shaded to the Eastward of Cape Decision are taken from Spanish Authorities— and those not shaded to the Westward of Cape St. Hermogenes are taken from Russian Authorities.”

This magnificent set is also important for the history of the iconography of California. The prints of Mon- terey, which were engraved from artwork by British artist John Sykes (-), are frequently described as the first published views of California. This assertion does not take into account earlier prints such as those found in Montanus (Drake-New Albion), Cooke, and Shelvocke, images on maps (such as land forms of New Albion on the inset of the Hondius map), or even the pictorial vignettes on the beautiful frontispiece map of Venegas (see item  herein). However, artist John Sykes’s three plates of Monterey are among the few pub- lished prints of California from the eighteenth century. Furthermore, they appear to be among the earliest printed plates of Upper California made from artwork by an artist who actually painted or sketched on site. We think it appropriate to include within the category of published views of California the incredibly detailed coastal profiles of the California coast found in the atlas. These profiles are a true marriage of sci- ence and art. Regarding the artwork found in Vancouver’s Voyage, Jonathan Raban in his article “Battle- ground of the Eye” (Atlantic Monthly, May ) comments: “In  and ...Spanish and British expedi- tions cruised through the region, proving the insularity of Vancouver Island and charting Puget Sound. The Spaniards shipped professional artists...whereas the English, under Captain George Vancouver, made do with the artistic efforts of a bunch of talented young midshipmen, including John Sykes, Harry Humphrys, and Thomas Heddington. From the mass of sketches that came home to London and Madrid one can see something of the Pacific Northwest but much more of the tastes and interests prevailing among cultivated young Europeans in the last decade of the eighteenth century. One catches the artists’ excitement at the strange customs, costumes, and architecture of primitive man, and their elation at finding themselves in a real-life Salvator Rosa landscape, with all its shaggy cliffs, tangled woods, blasted trees, and lurid skies.” ( vols.) (,-,)

.VANCOUVER, George. A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean, and round the World; in Which the Coast of North-West America Has Been Carefully Examined, and Accurately Surveyed. Undertaken by His Majesty’s Command, Principally with a View to Ascertain the Existence of Any Navigable Communication between the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans; and Performed in the Years , , , ,  and , in the “Discovery” Sloop of War, and Armed Tender “Chatham.”... A New Edition, with Corrections.... London: Printed for John Stockdale, .  []-  + []  + []  + []  + []  + []  [, ads] pp. (complete),  copper-engraved plates and maps.  vols., vo, early-twentieth-century three-quarter smooth tan calf over tan cloth, red gilt-lettered morocco spine labels, spines extra-gilt (stamped with nautical vignettes) and with raised bands, marbled end- papers. Minor shelf wear, otherwise a very fine, complete set, the maps and plates backed with linen. Laid in is Newbegin’s Book Shop’s typewritten catalogue description on their printed stationery,along with their pro- motional pamphlet (Books of the Month for August ). Scarce in commerce, especially with all plates and maps present. Second English edition, first vo edition, first corrected edition. Ferguson, Australia .Forbes, Hawai- ian National Bibliography . Hill, p. .Howes V. O’Reilly & Reitman, Bibliographie de Tahiti .

 Tweney, The Washington  #:“Vancouver’s Voyage has been reprinted many times, and in many lan- guages. A convenient edition was the first octavo edition in six volumes published in London in .” The Advertisement in vol.  gives a fascinating explanation of why the work was reprinted: “The Publisher finds it necessary only to state, for the information of the purchasers of this new Edition, that the copper-plates of the charts contained in the folio volume, which accompanied the first Edition, were all stolen, and may therefore be considered as irrecoverably lost. The whole of the Views, except the headlands, are retained. The general chart, and that of the New Discoveries &c. are re-engraved, and will, it is conceived, com- pletely satisfy the majority of his readers. It must, however, be observed, that the other charts are indis- pensably necessary for such as may hereafter navigate those seas. This Edition has received throughout the requisite corrections of the Editor, John Vancouver, Esq. No work has maintained a higher character in the public estimation than this voyage, and the expense of the quarto Edition could alone have prevented its being universally read. The loss of the Plates, has, of course, greatly enhanced the value of the few Copies of the original Edition, which were not at that time sold. They may however, be had until Christ- mas next, with the folio volume of charts at Twelve Guineas; but should any then remain they will be advanced to Fifteen Guineas. Piccadilly, th October, .” Regarding the theft of the copper plates used in the first edition of Vancouver’s Voyage,Forbes () includes the following information which may or may not relate to the theft: “The Provincial Archives has a copy of the regular issue text [for the first edition of Vancouver] originally owned by Dr. George Goodman Hewett, surgeon’s mate of HMS Discovery. It is interleaved and extensively annotated on both the blank leaves and margins with important comments on the voyage, often highly critical of the actions of Vancouver. Regarding a comment (in the introduction, p. xiv) on charts, plans, and other drawings made by officers, he comments: ‘Many of the young Gentlemen were not only able but in the course of the Voyage did take a great many Views &c. but destroyed them all when they understood their Drawings must be given up and Published for the Emolument of Vancouver who had behaved in a most outrageous and Illiberal [sic] man- ner to most of them. The few Drawings that are herein were taken by a Mr. Sykes Captn. V’s Agent.’” Van- couver’s accomplishments were nothing short of extraordinary,yet he was surrounded by a series of enemies and plagued by illness during his short but incredible life. ( vols.) (,-,) [e\ S   to the north of Monterey was initiated by naval officers attached to the Naval Department of San Blas, Juan Pérez and Esteban José Martínez, in , with a successful voyage to the Queen Charlotte Islands and Nootka Sound on the west coast of Vancouver Island. This was followed in  by Bruno de Hezeta and Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra taking formal possession of the coast north- ward to Mount Edgecumbe. During these voyages, exploration for the reputed Strait of Anián between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans was conducted, and the abundance of fur-bearing mammals was noted. In , the great English navigator James Cook reached the Oregon coast and continued northward to Nootka, the Aleutian Islands and, sailing through Bering Strait, reached the Arctic Ocean. Cook then visited the Russian camp at Unalaska, and proceeded to the island of Hawaii where he was killed by natives. The entry of England into claimed Spanish territory caused concern in Madrid, and maritime expansion from San Blas was intensified with a voyage in  by Ignacio de Arteaga and Bodega to the Kenai Peninsula and Afognak Island. However, by  Russia had a permanent settlement on Kodiak and English traders were acquiring sea otter pelts at Nootka. In , the English returned, the region was explored by Jean Françoise Galaup de la Pérouse (q.v.), and the following year four English ships were trading at Nootka. English and French presence in the Pacific Northwest was answered in  by Martínez and Gonzalo López de Haro sailing to Unalaska, visiting the Russians, and returning to Monterey where Martínez recom- mended occupation of Nootka. Although primarily concerned over Russian encroachment, entry of U.S. traders added to the urgency of occupation, and Viceroy Manuel Antonio Flores ordered Martínez to settle the sound and cordially manifest Spanish sovereignty. With López de Haro,  Franciscans, and  men, Martínez sailed from San Blas and on May , ,reached Nootka where, during the following weeks, he

 constructed buildings and arrested the captains and crews of Ifigenia Nubiana and Northwest America. In July, James Colnett, commanding Argonaut, rejected Spanish sovereignty and, following a violent exchange with Martínez in which the Englishman referred to him as “Gardem España,” was arrested with his crew and sent to San Blas where his ship was confiscated. When reports of the Nootka incident reached London, Britain was enraged, and, with her long-standing enmity with Spain, William Pitt threatened war. His Spanish counterpart, Conde de Floridablanca, argued the primacy of Spanish claims to the Northwest Coast and prepared for conflict, but, as a result of the French Revolution and thereby the loss of her major ally, Spain was forced to accept terms of the Nootka Conven- tion of October , , that restored all British property, required reparations, and eliminated exclusive dominion over the coast north of San Francisco Bay. To assure proper compliance, a commissioner was to represent each of the signatories; Bodega y Quadra, commandant of San Blas, was appointed to represent Spanish interests, and George Vancouver, who had accompanied Cook in , was named as his counter- part. Sailing from Falmouth with Discovery and Chatham in April ,Vancouver and William Broughton rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continued to Australia, New Zealand, Tahiti, and Hawaii, and, sighting the California coast in April ,explored the coast and Strait of Juan de Fuca. Meeting Sutil and Mexicana under Dionisio Alcalá Galiano and Cayetano Valdés in the Rosario Strait, they collaborated in the first cir- cumnavigation of Vancouver Island and charting of the coast prior to reaching Nootka Sound in August. Generally amicable, but inconclusive negotiations ensued, and on October , the British expedition departed, reaching the Columbia River a week later and continuing to San Francisco and Monterey where Vancouver was well received. From Monterey, Broughton accompanied Bodega to San Blas with Chatham placed under the command of Peter Puget, and Vancouver sailed for Hawaii in January . Leaving the islands in March, Vancouver returned to continue surveys of the coast northward to Alaska, then sailed southward to Nootka and California, and returned to Hawaii in September  to winter over. In March  the expedition surveyed Prince William Sound, Yakutat Bay, and Baranof Island before sailing to Nootka in August and initiating the homeward voyage, completed on October , . The extraordinarily detailed journal and charts of the Vancouver expedition laid to rest the concept of the Strait of Anián and provided the most accurate cartographic and navigational knowledge of the last major region of the globe to be explored by Europeans. A second English edition was published in  and a fac- simile of the  edition appeared in New York in .French editions appeared in Paris in  and , and a German translation was published in Berlin in -.A definitive scholarly edition prepared by W. Kaye Lamb was published in London by the Hakluyt Society in . —W.Michael Mathes

 Item .Venegas’s Noticia de la California, with important maps. “The first history of California” (Streeter), “considered the foundation of a library of Californiana” (Cowan).

 [  ]

VENEGAS, Miguel (-). Noticia de la California, y de su conquista temporal, y espiritual hasta el tiempo presente. Sacada de la historia manuscrita, formada en Mexico año de .... Madrid: Viuda de Manuel Fernández, y del Supremo Consejo de la Inquisición, .[]  + []  + []  pp., engraved head- and tailpieces in text,  copper-engraved folding maps [see list of maps below].  vols., small to, original limp vellum, spines with original manuscript lettering and ornamentation in sepia ink (a few remains of original rawhide ties). Other than a bit of minor foxing, an exceptionally fine, crisp set, with maps fine to very fine (full condition report on maps in list below). Vol.  bears a contemporary ink inscription: “...la Libreria de Bazes(?)”; vol.  has a few old ink notes, including “Maria” in ornate contemporary or near-contemporary calligraphy at end. A few endpapers of sympathetic laid paper appear not to be contemporary with the book. Overall, an excel- lent set of “the first history of California” (Streeter Sale ).

MAPS [] Mapa de la California su Golfo, y provincias fronteras en el continente de Nueva España, title within pediment cartouche (lower left of cartouche: Is. Peña sculp...[dedication dated ]). Three sides bordered by ten pictorial vignettes (missionaries, Baja California natives, and animals). Overall measurement of map with vignettes . x . cm (¾ x ⅜ inches). Some foxmarks mainly confined to upper blank margin; two small voids slightly affecting two vignettes (approximately . x  cm) with very minor loss; short, clean tear at juncture of map and book block; one small chip at lower right blank margin, overall fine. Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast . [] Seno de California, y su costa oriental nuevamente descubierta, y registrada desde el Cabo al las Virgenes, hasta su termino, que es el Rio Colorado año . por el Pe. Ferdinando Consag de la Compa. de IHS, Missiono. en la California. Title within simple scroll cartouche. . x . cm (⅜ x ¼ inches). One short, clean tear at lower margin (no loss), otherwise very fine. Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast . [] ...Carta de la Mar del Sur, ò Mar pacifico, entre el Equador, y ’ de latitud septentrional hallada por el Almirante Jorge Anson en el Galeon de Philipinas, que apresò. [At head of cartouche]: Viage de Anson. Lib. .Cap. pag. .Mapa . [Lower left]: Joseph Gonzz. Sculpt. Mti.... Title within simple scroll cartouche. . x . cm (¼ x  inches). Very fine condition. Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast . [] Mapa de la America Septentl. Asia Oriental y Mar del Sur intermedio formado sobre las memorias mas recientes y exactas hasta el año de  [below neat line]: Manuel Rodriguez. Sculpst. Md. Ao. de . Three ornate cartouches against pictorial grounds with costumed groups of Spanish, Asian, and Baja California natives and flora and fauna. . x  cm (¾ x ⅛ inches). One short, clean tear at juncture of map and text block, otherwise very fine. Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast .

First edition, second issue (pp. - of vol.  correctly numbered). Barrett, Baja California .Cowan I, p. : “This work is considered the foundation of a library of Californiana.” Cowan, p. .Farquhar, The Books of the Colorado River and the Grand Canyon :“Venegas is the principal source of information about the explorations made by Father Consag in  by which the question of the insularity of California was finally set at rest. Consag’s descrip- tion of the Gulf of California and the mouth of the Colorado River received wide publicity through the volumes of Venegas.” Graff. Hill, p. .Howell , California .Howes V. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Jones . Lada-Mocarski : “Much valuable informa- tion...on the Russians’ and others’ discoveries in the North Pacific.” LC, California Centennial . Libros Californianos, p.  (Powell commentary): “The distinction of being the most prized of all California books belongs...to Miguel Venegas’ Noticias.”Mathes, California Colonial Bibliography . Medina, Biblioteca hispano-americana, - #. Streit III:.Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast - (see also note in ) & pp. -; Spanish Southwest : “I have seen it asserted that the object of publishing this book was to counteract some assertions made in Anson’s Voyage [], in which some aspersions were cast on the Jesuits, especially about their handling of the

 natives in the missions in California.... Throughout the work great attention is paid to the geography of the coun- try.” Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West  & I, p.  (citing only Map  above, but mentioning the others): “A well drawn map, showing the mission and Indian towns of Pimería Alta.” Zamorano  # (Henry R. Wagner): “Volume III contains extracts from López de Gómara and Torquemada relating to the early explorations on the northwest coast and several articles written by Father Burriel himself. Of these, the most interesting is his account of the construction of the map of California, and of the general map of North America.” Alfred W. Newman (California :Forty-Nine Maps of California from the Sixteenth Century to the Present ) lists Robert de Vaugondy’s  Carte de la Californie (appeared in Diderot’s Enciclopedie), which gives a pictorial summary of the cartographic history of California in five maps on one sheet. Newman states that map  of Vaugondy is based upon a Spanish map in Venegas’s book. The Mapa de la California su Golfo is, in turn, based upon Consag’s Seno de California. The superb maps in this foundation work on California are important, and what a pleasure it is to encounter them intact and in fine condition in the three volumes bound in original vellum. The most important of the four maps is Consag’s Seno de California (Map  above). This map is a cornerstone of California cartographical history and of interest to any library or collector with serious focus on the history of the evolution and resolution of the concept of California as an Island. Joseph González engraved Consag’s map of Seno de California to accompany the printed account of Consag’s expedition to the mouth of the Colorado River in .This map conclusively ended the classic cartographic myth that California was an island. Father Kino had previously offered strong evidence that California was not an island and had convinced the foremost contemporary cartographers of his theory. Yet, Kino had not proven his claim by actually crossing the Colorado River from Sonora to the Califor- nia side. Kino’s explorations were not fully accepted by some Spanish explorers and authorities—even Venegas did not concur—until Consag led an expedition to the mouth of the Colorado River in  and rowed com- pletely around the head of the Gulf. The following year Ferdinand VII issued a decree proclaiming that Cali- fornia should no longer be considered an island (see Schwartz & Ehrenberg, The Mapping of America, p. ). A decade following that admission, this map recording Consag’s discoveries was published in Madrid. Cowan (I, p. ) wrote that “other than Cabrera, Burriel was the first writer whose sound sense allowed him to reject the apocryphal voyages as unworthy of credit, to restrict northern geography to actual discoveries, and to correctly define in print the peninsula and regions of the Colorado and Gila [Rivers] as far as known.” The frontispiece map (Map  above), Mapa de la California su Golfo, y provincias fronteras en el continente de Nueva España is one of the most handsome maps of California from the colonial period, or any era of California his- tory for that matter. The illustrations framing the map are among the few eighteenth-century printed images of California. According to Dr. W.Michael Mathes, the Indians depicted on the maps are from Baja Califor- nia. They were based upon a combination of sources, partly from verbal description, and some from draw- ings, such as Tirsch, et al. Burriel based his map on Consag’s latest explorations (as more fully illustrated in Consag’s Seno de California). The head of the Gulf of California is essentially that of Kino’s  Passage par terre a la Californie (see Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast ), but Kino did not know of Isla Angel de la Guarda, which first appeared on Consag’s map. The Mapa de la California su Golfo was skillfully engraved by Manuel Rodríguez and adorned with captivating vignettes illustrating the flora, fauna, and inhabitants of California and the martyrdoms of Fathers Carranco and Tamaral. Burriel’s Carta de la Mar del Sur, ò Mar pacifico... (Map  above) was engraved by Joseph González after Anson’s chart of the Pacific Ocean between the Equator and °’ north latitude, graduated for latitude (see Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast  for Anson’s map). Manuel Rodríguez engraved the final map, Mapa de la America Septentl. Asia Oriental y Mar del Sur, a general map of the north Pacific showing America and Asia (Map  above). Burriel decried the inclusion of this map without his permission because it showed the Delisle fantastic geography of the Fonte voyage. For more on the maps in this work, see Ernest J. Burrus, La Obra Cartográfica de la Provincia Mexicana de la Com- pañía de Jesús, - (Madrid: Ediciones José Porrúa Turanzas, . Colección Chimalistac de Libros y Documentos acerca de la Nueva España, Serie José Porrúa Turanzas,  vols.—vol.  is text, vol.  is a folder of  maps). ( vols.) (,-,)

 Item . One of the most handsome maps of California ever printed, surrounded by engravings that are among the few eighteenth-century printed images of California.

 . VENEGAS, Miguel. A Natural and Civil History of California: Containing an Accurate Description of That Coun- try, Its Soil, Mountains, Harbours, Lakes, Rivers, and Seas; Its Animals, Vegetables, Minerals, and Famous Fishery for Pearls. The Customs of the Inhabitants, Their Religion, Government, and Manner of Living...Together with Accounts of the Several Voyages and Attempts Made for Settling California, and Taking Actual Surveys of That Country, Its Gulf, and Coast of the South-Sea.... London: Printed for James Rivington and James Fletcher, .[]  + []  pp.,  engrav- ings on  plates (Baja California natives, missionaries, and mammals), folding engraved map, title within small ornate cartouche: An Accurate Map of California Drawn by the Society of Jesuits and Dedicated to the King of Spain [below neat line]: J. Gibson Sculp. ( x . cm; ⅝ x ¾ inches).  vols., vo, contemporary tree sheep (appears to have been rebacked at an early date with later tan sheep, red and tan morocco gilt-lettered spine labels preserved), edges gilt-tooled, spines with raised bands. A few abrasions to binding, front hinge of vol.  cracked (but strong), endpapers with marginal browning due to original adhesive and contact with leather over time, four neat reinforcements on map verso to consolidate short splits (no losses of text, image, or bor- der), overall a fine, fresh copy,the plates and maps especially fine. Engraved armorial bookplate of The Right Honorable William Hutt. Warren R. Howell’s pencil notes on rear endpaper: “ vols. scarce st Ed.” Small green and white label of bookseller Gelber-Lilienthall, Inc., San Francisco, on rear pastedown. First English edition. Barrett, Baja California .Cowan I, pp. -:“The plates in Vol. I are: Women and men of California; and The coyote, or fox, and the taye or California deer. Those of Vol.II are: The manner of curing the sick and sorcerers of California; and, The martyrdom of Fathers Carranco and Tamaral. These four plates appear to have issued with but a few copies of the work, as two is the number usually found.” Cowan II, p. . Graff. Hill, p. :“This first translation gave the English-speaking world its earliest thorough account of the little-known areas of the west coast of North America. This work has been cited as the first book in English completely devoted to California.” Howell , California .Howes V.Jones . Norris . Streeter Sale .Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast n (noting that Gibson’s map is entirely different from Mapa de la California su Golfo, y provincias fronteras en el continente de Nueva España); Spanish Southwest a: “The map was engraved by J. Gibson, and has most of the inscriptions in Spanish, only a few being Anglicized.” Some of the attractive plates are reworkings and enlargements of the vignettes which appeared on the frontispiece map of the original edition printed in Madrid in . One of the images has been reversed. Usually this work is found with two plates, but occasionally a copy will have four plates, as in the present copy. ( vols.) (,-,) [e\ T ,   cornerstone, history of the Californias was penned by Miguel Venegas who was born in Puebla in , entered the Society of Jesus at Tepotzotlán in , was ordained in , and served as a pro- fessor of moral theology in the Colegio Máximo of San Pedro y San Pablo in Mexico City from  to . For reasons of health, in the latter year he was sent as administrator to the Jesuit hacienda of Chicomocelo, where he compounded medications and dedicated himself to letters. In  his classic Manual de Parrocos appeared in its first edition, and three years later he finished a biography of Juan Bautista Zappa, S.J., close friend of Juan María de Salvatierra, S.J., founder of the first permanent mission in the Californias, Nuestra Señora de Loreto. Highly inspired by the dynamic expansion of the Jesuits in the mission fields of Sinaloa, Sonora, Pimería Alta, and California, Venegas had sought to serve in the California enterprise, but was rejected because of his delicate health. Thus, he was unable to go to his “beloved California” and he devoted his time to writing its history. In researching his history, Venegas employed the highest level of historical methodology, collecting origi- nal manuscripts, annual reports, and letters, viceregal documents, memoirs, and letters of Fathers Sal- vatierra, Eusebio Francisco Kino, Sigismundo Taraval, Juan de Ugarte, and numerous other missionaries in California and Sonora, and of Esteban Rodríguez Lorenzo, commander of the presidio of Loreto. In , Father Provincial Juan Antonio de Oviedo ordered that all archival material relative to California be pro- vided to Father Venegas who also employed a novel form of acquiring information: detailed questionnaires covering the left half of the sheet, leaving the right half of the same sheet for answers, that were sent to per- sons who had participated in or were currently active in the California mission field.

 On August , ,Venegas finished his manuscript “Empressas Apostólicas de los PP. Misoneros de la Compañía de Jesús, de la Provincia de Nueva España obradas en la conquista de Californias...” of  pages in ten books, dedicated to the benefactor of the California missions, the Marqués de Villapuente. Because the work revealed the weakness of Spanish defenses in California, it was filed until  when it was sent to Procurator General Pedro Ignacio Altamirano in Madrid for revision and publication. This task was given to the Jesuit savant Andrés Marcos Burriel at Toledo in . Burriel accumulated documentation from the archives of the Society of Jesus and the Council of the Indies to augment Venegas’s text with events transpiring since , and received material from Mexico City, the Philippines, and geographical data from the Académie Royale des Sciences in Paris. By , Burriel had finished his revisions and additions to the “Empressas Apostólicas” that had become known as the “Noticia de la California” and remitted his manuscript of , pages and four maps to Altamirano. The licensing of the work for publication was begun, and in December of  the manuscript was sent to the Real Academia de la Historia for revision, censorship, and recommendations. Finally,in April of , the Noticia de la Califor- nia came off the press of the widow of Manuel Fernández in Madrid. The published work follows a very different format from the original Venegas manuscript, with the first part treating the geography and native inhabitants of California; the second, the attempts to occupy the region prior to the Jesuits; and the third, the work of the Jesuits up to the present. A fourth section, provided entirely by Burriel, comprises documentary appendices. Three of the maps were composed or collected by Burriel, but he opposed the inclusion of the Mapa de la América Septentrional because of its inaccuracy. Although Burriel was quite unhappy with the published result of his work, this first history of the mysteri- ous California was in high demand: it was translated in a substantial abridgement into English and published in London in , and from this into Dutch (-), French (-), and German (-). A sec- ond Spanish edition, reset with new errata, was published by Editorial Layac, México, , and a facsimile with scholarly apparatus appears in W.Michael Mathes, Vivian C. Fisher & E. Moisés Coronado, eds., Obras Californianas del Padre Miguel Venegas, S.J.,  vols. (La Paz: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, ). —W.Michael Mathes

Item . Consag’s cornerstone map of California which conclusively ended the classic cartographic myth that California was an island.

 Item . Bancroft duplicate of Wierzbicki’s California As It Is. “The first book of an orignal nature in English printed in California... probably the most important book that was ever printed in California” (Wagner). [  ]

WIERZBICKI, F[elix] P[aul] (-). California As It Is, and As It May Be; or, A Guide to the Gold Region.... First Edition. San Francisco: Printed by Washington Bartlett, .[]- [, inserted leaf “Preface to the Second Edition”] []- [,errata] pp. vo, original glazed lilac upper wrapper (as in the Graff copy), stitched (appears to be resewn). Wrapper worn (rubbed, a few chips and voids, one tape reinforcement on verso) and two light stains, very light crease throughout at center, overall a remarkably clean and fresh copy of an excep- tionally fragile item. An exceedingly rare and important book, and an uncanny survivor in this condition. The Bancroft duplicate with their small discreet purple ink stamp on p. .The inserted leaf after p.  has an old pencil notation: “extra leaf.” Preserved in a chemise and half blue levant morocco slipcase (spine faded). First edition of “the first book written and printed in English, in California, that describes the territory. As such it is a work of great historical importance as well as a ‘landmark’ in the development of the California press.... One of the essential California books” (Richard B. Reed in Howell’s Anniversary Catalogue ; illus- trated at p. ). American Imprints Inventory, Check-List of California Non-Documentary Imprints, - #. Blumann & Thomas . Braislin .Cowan I, p. .Cowan II, p. .Fahey . Graff . Greenwood  (illustrated at p. ): “Probably the most important book that was ever printed in Califor- nia.” Gudde, California Gold Camps, p. . Hill, p. .Howes W:“The most important and prized of all books printed [in California], with the possible exception of Figueroa’s Manifiesto [q.v.].” Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious California Classics .Jones  & vol. ,p. (illus- trated at p. ). Kurutz, The California Gold Rush a. Libros Californianos (Wagner list), p. . Norris  (illustrated at p. ): “Extremely rare.” Rocq . Sloan, Auction :. Streeter, Americana-Beginnings, pp. -:“The scarcity of paper in California at that time is shown by the fact that many of the leaves were obviously extracted from some blank book.” Streeter Sale .Vail, Gold Fever, p. .Wagner, California Imprints . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush : “Earliest descriptive work of its kind to be printed in California. A guide to the gold region, and the observations of a remarkable man.” Zamorano  #. (,-,)

. WIERZBICKI, F[elix] P[aul]. California As It Is and As It May Be; or, A Guide to the Gold Region. San Fran- cisco: The Grabhorn Press, . xxix []  [] [, bibliography] pp., pictorial title and text drawings by Valenti Angelo. vo, original black buckram over green boards with illustration by Valenti Angelo. Very fine in slightly worn d.j. Original prospectus laid in. Limited edition ( copies). Angelo, et al., Valenti Angelo: Author, Illustrator, Printer, p. . Grabhorn (-) #. Holliday .Howes W.Kurutz, The California Gold Rush d. Rocq .(-) [e\ D.F P W prefaced his slender book by noting that he had spent several years in this “land o’cakes” and more than four months rambling through the gold region. Wierzbicki, in writing this guide, emphasized straightforward factual reporting rather than creating a master work of literature. The first part of this celebrated book is an overall description of California, its history, and its resources. “California,” he enthused, “holds in its bosom resources that no other country can boast of comprised in so small a territory— its mineral wealth, its agricultural capacity, its geographical position, conspire to make it in time one of the most favored lands.” Predicting a bright commercial future with its strategic location on the Pacific Rim, he wrote: “To swell this commercial tide beating against the shores of California comes the railroad that must inevitably be built across the territory of the Union, and whose terminus must be on the Bay of San Fran- cisco.” The Polish doctor then went on to give a general discourse on the mines and sage advice to miners covering such practical subjects as a miner’s outfit, the rocker, provisions, mining companies, horses, prospecting methods, health, winter in the mines, and descriptions of the mining camps. Thereafter, the physician continued with a description of San Francisco, lack of women, entrance to San Francisco harbor, and harbor regulations. California’s waning Hispanic culture attracted his attention and he presented a fine

 Item . Inserted leaf from the second edition of Wierzbicki.

 portrayal of Californio virtues and vices, horsemanship, dress, and manners and customs. The physician concluded his book with an analysis of the region’s medical condition focusing on the negative effects of coffee, tea, and mercury. In addition to serving as a factual guide, this book has the distinction of being the first book of an original nature published in English in California. Robert Greenwood states: “From this fact, and the interesting character of the contents, it is probably the most important book that was ever printed in California.” Even though the preface is dated September , there may have been some delays in its publication. The San Fran- cisco Alta California for October , , included two columns of extracts from “a forth-coming work in Cal- ifornia by Dr. F. P. Wierzbicki.” The December  Alta mentions receiving the book and the newspaper car- ried an advertisement for the book, stating that it was for sale at the Alta’s office and at Wilson’s and Spaulding’s Book Store for the handsome price of ..The Alta praised the author: “Dr. W.is a scholar who has acquired not only a professional name, but is a clever writer, a scientific gentleman, and a keen observer, as his book fully testifies.” San Francisco responded so well to this local imprint that a second and expanded edition soon followed. Rushed into print, Washington Bartlett apparently did not have the time to correct the errata but appended new text featuring “The Natives of California” and “Medical Observations upon the People & Country.” Henry Wagner remarked that although the second edition bears an  date, it more than likely was pub- lished in  since the new preface is dated December , .For this preface, the printer merely inserted a new leaf following the preface for the first edition. The Sacramento Transcript of June , , carried an advertisement for the new edition stating that it was available through Still & Conner and priced at only .. In  an edition combining Edwin Bryant’s text (q.v.) with that of Dr. Wierzbicki was also printed in Launceston, Tasmania. William Abbatt reprinted the second edition of Wierzbicki in The Magazine of History :, Extra Number  (). In ,Dr. George D. Lyman wrote a short, privately printed monograph concerning Wierzbicki called The Book and the Doctor. The Grabhorn Press printed fifty copies. That same year, the Grabhorn Press printed Lyman’s text as the introduction to a new edition of Wierzbicki as Number  of its Rare Americana series; this edition was limited to  copies and illustrated by Valenti Angelo. In , Burt Franklin of New York produced a facsimile of the Grabhorn Press edition. —Gary F.Kurutz

 Item .Woods’s Sixteen Months at the Gold Diggings. “A v aluable contribution to the history of mining camps and communities, and the laws and regulations adopted by them for the protection of claims and property” (Woods).

 [  ]

WOODS, Daniel B[ates] (?-?). Sixteen Months at the Gold Diggings. New York: Harper, .[,blank] iii-vii, []-  [,blank]  (publisher’s catalogue) [, publisher’s ads] pp. (complete). mo, original brown blindstamped cloth, spine lettered and ruled in gilt. Spine a bit light, binding slightly rubbed and worn (particularly at extremities which are a little frayed), pervasive mild foxing to text, overall a near fine to very good copy. Two contemporary ink ownership inscriptions (George Poore and L. P. Washburn). Tipped onto the last page of the preface is a contemporary newspaper clipping with this sobering documentation: “COST OF DYING IN CALIFORNIA. A correspondent of the Washington Union, furnishes that paper with the following bill from San Francisco for services rendered to his deceased brother.” Set out are the physician’s fee () and funeral expenses, for a total of ,attested to by Charles A. Chagin, M.D., Sacramento Hospital, Sutter’s Fort, November , . First edition. Blumann & Thomas . Braislin .Cowan I, pp. , :“Woods reports mining ,. of gold from October  to November ,  on the Tuolumne River.” Cowan II, p. . Graff . Gudde, California Gold Camps, p. . Hill, p. .Howell , California :“Vividly describes the sweat and toil of mining life.” Howes W. Huntington Library, Zamorano ...Exhibition of Famous and Notorious Cal- ifornia Classics .Kurutz, The California Gold Rush a. Norris .Rocq . Streeter Sale .Vail, Gold Fever, p. . Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush . Zamorano  #.(-)

.WOODS, Daniel B[ates]. Sixteen Months at the Gold Diggings. London: Sampson Low; New York: Harper and Brothers, .  [,blank]  (publisher’s catalogue) pp. mo, original beige blindstamped cloth, spine lettered and ruled in gilt. Light outer wear and slight darkening, first and last few leaves browned, occa- sional foxing, overall very good. Monsignor Joseph M. Gleason’s copy, with his engraved bookplate (see Tal- bot, Historic California in Book Plates,p. [illustrated] & p. ). Front free endpaper with small embossed stamp of Birmingham bookseller W. J. Sackett, old small ink-stamped number on title verso. Lower paste- down with printed stamp of binder Bone & Son of London. First English edition, second issue. Howes W.Kurutz, The California Gold Rush c (noting that the only changes from the first U.S. edition are the addition of the English publisher on the title and deletion of U.S. copyright statement from p. [iv]). The first issue of the English edition (Kurutz b) is the same as the pres- ent, except that the title is dated  rather than .(-) [e\ D B. W,a Philadelphia clergyman, began this lively volume with a preface (dated July , ) stat- ing that he intended to make this book a miner’s manual based on his experience working in the diggings “chiefly upon the American and Tuolumne Rivers and their tributaries.” A rare Argonaut-clergyman, Rev- erend Woods further stated that he kept this journal of mining at the request of friends, promising to record “its lights and shades, its fortunes and misfortunes.” He wisely advised his readers that mining was for young men and those who are doing “well enough” or have families should stay home. Walking away from the pulpit, Woods began his adventure on February , ,when he embarked at the foot of Arch Street, Philadelphia, aboard the barque Thomas Walters. On February , the ship arrived at Tampico, Mexico. Woods crossed the continent to San Blas where he picked up the schooner San Blasina and, after great difficulty,arrived in San Francisco on June . In so doing, he created one of the earliest published journals of the Mexican crossing. Dropping his clerical title, he immediately headed for Sacramento and the mines where he began life as an Argonaut spending day after grueling day digging and rocking the cradle. As a man of the cloth, he did not write in pious tones or with self-righteous indignation as did many secu- lar diarists but wrote with flair and occasional good-natured humor. He did not shy away from the gambling and drinking saloons but saw life as it actually occurred. Importantly,he provided some of the best, most real- istic descriptions of the sweaty, knuckle-bruising, backbreaking, footsore work of extracting elusive golden flakes and nuggets out of the earth. The clergyman became something of an expert on mining company

 rules and regulations, providing data not found elsewhere. In one of the concluding chapters, he gives a report on fourteen other mining companies. Trusted by fellow miners, Woods served as the secretary and treasurer of Hart’s Bar Mining and Draining Company. In addition to his own activities, the author devoted much of his text to mining in general and concluded with a chapter of practical hints to miners. On Novem- ber , ,Woods left the mines and headed home via the Isthmus of Panama. Sixteen Months at the Gold Diggings was reviewed in Harper’s New Monthly (January ), and received high praise with the reviewer calling Woods a miner among miners. In contrast, the San Francisco Alta California for January , , sarcastically applauded it as a “genuine California book” for its expansive opening sen- tence: “California extends from Oregon to Sonoma and Lower California and from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific.” The London edition merely substituted a new title leaf. The Arno Press (New York, ) pub- lished a facsimile. —Gary F.Kurutz

Item . The high cost of dying in California. A sobering newspaper clipping tipped into Woods’s Sixteen Months at the Gold Diggings.

 REFERENCES CITED

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 LC, California Centennial: LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. California: The Centennial of the Gold Rush and the First State Constitution. An Exhibit...November , , to February , . Washington: GPO, . Libros Californianos: HANNA, Phil Townsend. Libros Californianos...Revised and Enlarged by Lawrence Clark Powell. Los Angeles: Zeitlin & Ver Brugge, . Lipperheide: Lipperheide, Franz Joseph von. Katalog der Kostuembibliothek. New York, .  vols. Lopez Memorial Museum, Catalogue of Filipiana Materials: LOPEZ MEMORIAL MUSEUM. Catalogue of Filipiniana Materials in the Lopez Memorial Museum. [Manila]: The Museum, . Malone, Wyomingana: MALONE, Rose Mary. Wyomingana: Two Bibliographies. Denver: University of Denver Press, . Mathes, Californiana Colonial Bibliography: MATHES, W. Michael. “Californiana Colonial Bibliography” in California State Library Foundation Bulletin  (), -. Mathes, La Ilustración en México Colonial: MATHES, W. Michael. La Ilustración en México Colonial.... Zapopan, Jalisco: El Colegio de Jalisco, . Mattes, Platte River Road Narratives: MATTES, Merrill J. Platte River Road Narratives. Urbana & Chicago: Uni- versity of Illinois Press, . McLaren: McLAREN, Ian. Laperouse in the Pacific.... An Annotated Bibliography. Parkville, Australia: University of Melbourne Library, . Medina, Biblioteca hispano-americana, -: MEDINA, José Toribio. Biblioteca hispano-americana, -. Amsterdam: N. Israel, .  vols. Medina, México: MEDINA, José Toribio. La imprenta en México, -. Amsterdam: N. Israel, .  vols. Merrill, Aristocrats of the Cow Country: MERRILL, Louis P. Aristocrats of the Cow Country. Eagle Pass: Pack-Sad- dle Press, . Mintz, The Trail: MINTZ, Lannon W. The Trail: A Bibliography of the Travelers on the Overland Trail to California, Oregon, Salt Lake City, and Montana during the Years -. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, . Munk (Alliot): ALLIOT,Hector. Bibliography of Arizona...Literature Collected by Joseph Amasa Munk. Los Angeles: Southwest Museum, . National Maritime Museum Catalogue III: NATIONAL MARITIME MUSEUM. Catalogue of the Library. Volume : Atlases and Cartography. London: HMSO, . Neate, Mountaineering and Its Literature: NEATE, W. R. Mountaineering and Its Literature. Seattle: The Moun- taineers, . Nordenskiöld: MICKWITZ, Ann-Mari, Leena Miekkavaara & Tuula Rantanen. The A. E. Nordenskiöld Col- lection in the Helsinki University Library: Annotated Catalogue of Maps Made up to . Helsinki: Helsinki University Library, [-].  vols. Norris: NORRIS, Thomas Wayne (collector). A Descriptive and Priced Catalogue of Books, Pamphlets, and Maps Relating Directly or Indirectly to the History, Literature, and Printing of California and the Far West, Formerly the Collection of Thomas Wayne Norris, Livermore, Calif. Oakland: Holmes Book Co., . Notable American Women: JAMES, Edward T., et al. (eds.). Notable American Women, -:A Biographical Dic- tionary. Cambridge: Belknap Press, .  vols. NYPL Mormon List: NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY. List of Works...Relating to the Mormons. New York: New York Public Library Bulletin , , -.

 O’Reilly & Reitman, Bibliographie de Tahiti: O’REILLY,Patrick & Edouard Reitman. Bibliographie de Tahiti et de la Polynesie française. Paris: Musee de l’Hommee, . Paher, Nevada: PAHER, Stanley W. Nevada, an Annotated Bibliography. Las Vegas: Nevada Publications, . Palau: PALAU Y DULCET,Antonio. Manuel del librero hispano-americano. Barcelona: Antonio Palau y Dulcet, .  vols. Peters, California on Stone: PETERS, Harry T. California on Stone. Garden City: Doubleday, Doran, . Phillips, Atlases: PHILLIPS, Philip Lee & Clara Egli Le Gear. A List of Geographical Atlases in the Library of Con- gress. Washington: GPO, -.  vols. Phillips, Maps of America: PHILLIPS, Philip Lee. A List of Maps of America in the Library of Congress. Washington: GPO, . Plains & Rockies IV: BECKER, Robert H. The Plains and the Rockies: A Critical Bibliography of Exploration, Adven- ture, and Travel in the American West, -. San Francisco: John Howell–Books, .Fourth edition. Plath: [PLATH, Henry W.(collector)]. PARKE-BERNET GALLERIES, INC. The Extensive and Notable Col- lection Formed by Dr. Henry W.Plath. New York, . Powell, California Classics: POWELL, Lawrence Clark. California Classics: The Creative Literature of the Golden State. Los Angeles: Ward Ritchie Press, . Powell, Land of Fact: POWELL, Lawrence Clark. Land of Fact: A Companion to “Land of Fiction”; Thirty-Six Non- fiction Books about Southern California Selected and Annotated. Los Angeles: Historical Society of Southern Califor- nia, . Powell, Land of Fiction: Thirty-Two Novels and Stories about Southern California from “Ramona” to “The Loved One”: POWELL, Lawrence Clark. Land of Fiction: Thirty-Two Novels and Stories about Southern California from “Ramona” to “The Loved One.” A Bibliographical Essay. Los Angeles: Glen Dawson, . Powell, Southwestern Book Trails: POWELL, Lawrence Clark. Southwestern Book Trails. Albuquerque: Horn and Wallace, . Powell, Southwestern Century: POWELL, Lawrence Clark. A Southwestern Century. Van Nuys: J. E. Reynolds, n.d. Prideaux: PRIDEAUX, W.F. A Bibliography of the Works of Robert Louis Stevenson. New York: Burt Franklin, n.d. Quebedeaux, Prime Sources of California and Nevada Local History: QUEBEDEAUX, Richard. Prime Sources of California and Nevada Local History:  Rare and Important City, County, and State Directories, -. Spokane: Arthur H. Clark Co., . Rader: RADER, Jesse L. South of Forty, from the Mississippi to the Rio Grande: A Bibliography. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, . Raines: RAINES, C. W. A Bibliography of Texas. Austin: Gammel Book Co., . Reese, Six Score: REESE, William S. Six Score: The  Best Books on the Range Cattle Industry. New Haven: William Reese Company, . Rittenhouse: RITTENHOUSE, Jack D. The Santa Fe Trail: A Historical Bibliography. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, . Rocq: ROCQ, Margaret M. California Local History. Stanford: Stanford University Press, , .  vols. Sabin: SABIN, Joseph. Bibliotheca Americana: A Dictionary of Books Relating to America. New York: Mini-Print Cor- poration, n.d.  vols.

 Samuels, Encyclopedia of Artists of the American West: SAMUELS, Peggy & Harold Samuels. Encyclopedia of Artists of the American West. [Secaucus, New Jersey]: Castle, []. Saunders: SAUNDERS, Lyle. A Guide to the Materials Bearing on Cultural Relations in New Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, . Schwartz & Ehrenberg, The Mapping of America: SCHWARTZ, Seymour I. & Ralph E. Ehrenberg. The Map- ping of America. New York: Harry N. Abrams, []. Sloan, Auction :SLOAN,Dorothy. Auction Catalogue One. Austin: Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books, . Sloan, Auction :SLOAN,Dorothy. Auction Catalogue Eight: Rarities. Austin: Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books, . Smith: SMITH, Charles W., et al. Pacific Northwest Americana. Portland: Oregon Historical Society, -.  vols. Staton & Tremaine: [STATON, Frances M., Marie Tremaine, et al.]. A Bibliography of Canadiana.... Toronto: Toronto Public Library,  & .  vols. Streeter, Americana-Beginnings: STREETER, Thomas W. Americana-Beginnings: A Selection from the Library of Thomas W.Streeter.... Morristown, New Jersey: Thomas W.Streeter, . Streeter Sale: LAZARE, E. J. (comp.). The Celebrated Collection of Americana Formed by the Late Thomas Winthrop Streeter. New York: Parke-Bernet, -.  vols. Streit: STREIT,Robert, et al. Bibliotheca Missionum. Münster, . Taft, Artists and Illustrators of the Old West: TAFT, Robert. Artists and Illustrators of the Old West. New York: Bonanza Books, n.d. Talbot, Historic California in Bookplates: TALBOT, Clare Ryan. Historic California in Bookplates. Los Angeles: Graphic Press, . Thrapp: THRAPP,Dan L. Encyclopedia of Frontier Biography. Glendale: Arthur H. Clark, -.  vols. Tooley: TOOLEY,R.V. English Books with Coloured Plates,  to :A Bibliographical Account of the Most Impor- tant Books Illustrated by English Artists in Colour Aquatint and Colour Lithography. London: Batsford, . Tutorow: TUTOROW, Norman. The Mexican-American War: An Annotated Bibliography. Westport: Greenwood Press, . Tweney, The Washington : TWENEY, George H. The Washington . [Morongo Valley, California]: Sage- brush Press, . Tyler, Prints of the American West: TYLER, Ron (editor). Prints of the American West: Papers Presented at the Ninth Annual North American Print Conference. Fort Worth: Amon Carter Museum, . Vail, Gold Fever: VAIL, R. W.G. Gold Fever: A Catalogue of the California Gold Rush Centennial Exhibition. New York: The New York Historical Society, . Van Nostrand, The First Hundred Years of Painting in California: VAN NOSTRAND, Jeanne. The First Hundred Years of Painting in California, -. San Francisco: John Howell–Books, . Van Nostrand, San Francisco, -, in Contemporary Paintings, Drawings, and Watercolors: VAN NOSTRAND, Jeanne. San Francisco, -, in Contemporary Paintings, Drawings, and Watercolors. San Francisco: Book Club of California, . Van Nostrand & Coulter, California Pictorial: VAN NOSTRAND, Jeanne & Edith M. Coulter. California Picto- rial: A History in Contemporary Pictures,  to . Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, .

 Wagner, California Imprints: WAGNER, Henry R. California Imprints, August –June . Berkeley: Privately printed, . Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast: WAGNER, Henry R. The Cartography of the Northwest Coast of America to the Year . Berkeley: University of California Press, .  vols. in one. Wagner, Spanish Southwest: WAGNER, Henry R. The Spanish Southwest: An Annotated Bibliography. Albuquerque: Quivira Society, .  vols. Walgren, The Scallawagiana Hundred: A Selection of the Hundred Most Important Books about the Mormons and Utah: WALGREN, Kent L. The Scallawagiana Hundred: A Selection of the Hundred Most Important Books about the Mormons and Utah. Salt Lake City: Scallawagiana Books, . Walker, Literary History of Southern California: WALKER, Franklin. Literary History of Southern California. Berke- ley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, . Walker, San Francisco’s Literary Frontier: WALKER, Franklin. San Francisco’s Literary Frontier. New York: Knopf, . Weber, The California Missions: WEBER, Francis J. The California Missions: Bibliography. N.p., []. Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush: WHEAT, Carl I. Books of the California Gold Rush. San Francisco: Colt Press, . Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West: WHEAT,Carl I. Mapping the Transmississippi West. San Francisco: The Institute of Historical Cartography, -.  vols. Wheat, Maps of the California Gold Region: WHEAT,Carl I. The Maps of the California Gold Region -. San Francisco: Grabhorn Press, . Wickersham: WICKERSHAM, James. A Bibliography of Alaskan Literature, -. Cordova, Alaska: Alaska Agricultural College and School of Mines, . Wright: WRIGHT, Lyle H. American Fiction, - [-] [-]. San Marino: Huntington Library, -.  vols. Zamorano : ZAMORANO CLUB. The Zamorano :A Selection of Distinguished California Books. New York: Kraus Reprint Company, .

This pursuit of books, and more pointedly, books on California is, in truth, a consuming passion. It has opened vistas of new worlds, liberally sprinkled with deeds of courage, adventure, fortitude and heroism, to a growing company of readers. Those whose sons, husbands, or brothers may have fallen victim to it, and who are wont to voice petulant criticism, may reflect that it is a gentle–aye a genteel–vice after all, and has kept many a weak and erring soul from the arms of strumpets, and the iniquities of the brothel.   

 CALIFORNIA COLONIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

  relative to the Californias is extraordinarily voluminous and varied in nature and quality, Tand thus it has been subject to numerous bibliographies. Among the most famous of these is that com- piled by the Zamorano Club of Los Angeles denoted The Zamorano . Nevertheless, none of these have sin- gled out the printed works relating to the Californias in their historical context, that is from Cabo San Lucas northward, that were published while the region was still a part of the Spanish Empire. Although, as would be expected, most of these imprints are in Spanish, there are also titles in Latin, Italian, German, Dutch, French, and English, demonstrating the universal interest in the region during its early stages of discovery and settlement. This listing of eighty-two imprints, all of which are rare to excessively rare, chronologically demonstrates the increased production of Californiana, and is supplemented by citations to the most mod- ern editions of the originals where such exist. To the compiler’s knowledge no single institution or collector holds all of the eighty-two titles in their first editions, and some of those listed are “only known copies,” thus it would be a great challenge to a dedicated bibliophile or curator to acquire all of these imprints. —W.M.M.

Historiography of the Californias: Imprints of the Colonial Period, - California State Library Foundation Bulletin No.  (winter & spring ), pp. -. By W.Michael Mathes G C A      from sailing routes and its resistance to Spanish colonization until the final decades of the eighteenth century, California remained a mysterious region, clouded in the mythology of Queen Calafia who governed an immense island inhabited by women which ended at the entry to the Strait of Anián. This great geographic and psychological distance from the population centers of New Spain attracted foreign corsairs who voyaged in search of Anián to gain passage from the Pacific to the Atlantic and used the bays of California to await the passage of the Manila galleon. The corsairs also drew the curiosity of European and American readers anxious to know the latest news of California, the most remote corner of the globe. The colonial period in New Spain underwent extraordinary changes in its historiography. Based upon medieval concepts, history written in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries comprised chronicles and doc- uments printed for diffusion. The former were reports of facts and events, frequently without attention to chronology and intermingled with rumors, based upon contemporary or almost contemporary documents or testimony, and the latter were diaries, memoranda, letters, laws, and relations of merits and services, all primary sources and not necessarily written to serve as historical works. Although of lesser importance as his- torical sources, short imprints called edifying letters also appeared. These imprints promoted religious voca- tions by means of historical biography that praised the acts of its subject. As a means of protecting the immense Spanish empire, the crown sought to maintain maximum secrecy relative to its geography and its relatively sparse population and defenses. For this reason, shortly after the beginning of colonization in the New World the crown began to censor books about the region. By Pragmatic Sanction of  July ,the Catholic Monarchs required a license from the Royal Council for the printing of books, and on  November  a Royal Order of Carlos V decreed prior review, taxation, and licensing by the Council of the Indies for the printing and sale of books which dealt with overseas colonies. Later Royal Orders of , , , and  reiterated this requirement, and those of  July ,  March , and  April  required the review of books dealing with America by the Royal Council prior to granting a license for their printing.

 These restrictions notwithstanding, the popularity of historical literature that narrated new discoveries produced an economically lucrative demand. Given that Spanish censorship had no impact outside of the country, it benefited printers of other European nations who published a large number of works, not only in the Castilian language but also in translations to Italian, French, German, and English. These foreign imprints that reported on the Spanish empire were complemented by descriptive relations of expeditions, generally furtive, to those territories by French, English, and Dutch explorers. Although the censorship of information relative to the Americas evidently did not achieve the desired effect, the Recopilación de las leyes de los reinos de las Indias, published in , incorporated all of the provisions previously decreed. Also in  Felipe VI issued a Royal Order of  November requiring the review and granting of a license for any imprint, and three years later, through an order of  October , the Royal Academy of History was commissioned to review and approve imprints dealing with America. The creation of the Royal Academy of History in itself reflected the changes in historiography that occurred during the Age of the Enlightenment. Following the application of scientific methodology to all of the academic disci- plines, historians initiated production of studious works that compiled data from diverse sources of informa- tion to the end of reconstructing the past and discovering historical causality,generally related to the present. Also a result of the Enlightenment, the beginnings of journalism, reporting of contemporary events, also produced a new source of information of historiographic value. Historical literature relative to the Califor- nias published during these three centuries demonstrates this historiographic evolution from the medieval to the modern.

CALIFORNIA COLONIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY B : Henry R. Wagner, The Spanish Southwest, - (Albuquerque: The Quivira Society, ); John Alden and Dennis C. Landis, European Americana: A Chronological Guide to Works Printed in Europe Relating to the Americas - (New York: Readex Books, -); José Toribio Medina, La Imprenta en México - (Amsterdam: N. Israel, ). Those imprints not listed in any of these three ref- erences are designated as “Unregistered.” The abbreviation “s.i.” means publisher or printer not stated. () Francisco López de Gómara. La istoria de las Indias. Y conquista de México. Zaragoza: Agustín Millán, . Wagner, .The secretary of Fernando Cortés relates the actions of his deceased chief, including the expedi- tions of Cortés in ,Francisco de Ulloa in , and Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in .The work went through seven editions in Spanish prior to  when, by Royal Order of , books treating the Indies were prohibited. Nevertheless, six editions in Spanish were published in Antwerp during the sixteenth century, as were sixteen editions in Italian, twelve in French, and two in English during the same period. () Giovanni Battista Ramusio. Terzo Volume delle Navigationi et Viaggi,  vols. Venice: Heredi di Lucantonio Giunti, . European Americana /. Italy was a center of printing and enjoyed freedoms that did not exist in Spain. In order to satisfy the extensive interest in new discoveries, publication of books and maps relative to the topic was promoted and Ramusio’s work was the first production of its kind in the field in the sixteenth century.The third volume contains the first printed relations of the expeditions of Francisco de Ulloa in  and Hernando de Alarcón in  through the Gulf of California to the mouth of the Colorado River. () Richard Hakluyt. The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, made by Sea or over Land, to the most remote and farthest distant Quarters of the earth at any time within the compass of these .yeeres.... Lon- don: George Bishop and Ralph Newverie, .Wagner, ; European Americana /.The author, an Angli- can minister, published his collection of voyages to promote English Protestant expansion. The work con- tains translations taken from Ramusio of the voyages of Ulloa and Alarcón, as well as The famous voyage of Sir Francis Drake into the South Sea, and there hence about the whole Globe of the Earth, begun in the yeere of our Lord,  as an appendix bound between pages  and . It appeared in three English and two French editions in the sev- enteenth century. () Antonio de Herrera. Historia General De Los Hechos De Los Castellanos En Las Islas I Terra Firme Del Mar Oceano...,  vols. Madrid: Imprenta Real, .Wagner, .The work contains relations of the expeditions of Cortés, Alarcón, Rodríguez Cabrillo, and Drake. Prior to  it appeared in three editions in Spanish, six in

 French, and one each in Latin, Flemish, and English. The author, chief royal chronicler of the Indies, had access to official documentation and original relations of the discoverers. () Juan de Torquemada. A Parte De Los Veynte Y Vn libros Rituales y Monarchia Yndiana...,  vols. Sevilla: Matías Clavijo, .Wagner, .This narrates the actions of the Franciscans in New Spain, written by the first chronicler of his order in the viceroyalty,a resident of it, and a friend of Discalced Carmelite Fray Anto- nio de la Ascensión, the second cosmographer of the expedition of Sebastián Vizcaíno of -.The chronicle contains relations of the voyages of Cortés, Alarcón, Rodríguez Cabrillo, Vizcaíno of , and almost verbatim, Ascensión’s relation of the voyage of - in which he promoted the concepts of Cal- ifornia as an island and the existence of the Strait of Anián. It appeared in a second edition in . () Joris van Spielbergen. Ooste ende West-Indische Spieghel. Amsterdam: Jan Janssz, . European Americana /.This account relates the capture of the ship of Nicolás de Cardona during his return from the Gulf of California in ,at Santiago, Colima. () Samuel Purchas. Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas his Pilgrimes,  vols. London: Henry Fetherstone, -. European Americana /.The author, an Anglican minister, followed the policies of his predecessor, Richard Hakluyt, and continued the publication of relations of voyages of discovery. The work includes the relation of Thomas Cavendish’s voyage around the world, the capture of the galleon Santa Ana at Cabo San Lucas in , and the demarcation carried out by Vizcaíno in -.Following the concepts of Fray Antonio de la Ascen- sión, Purchas published the first formal map, drawn by Henry Briggs, showing California as an island. () Tomás de Cardona. Señor. El Capitán Tomas de Cardona, por si, y en nombre de los demas participes en el assiento que con V.Magestad se hizo el año de . Madrid: s.i., .Wagner, . Cardona, Counselor of the College of San Telmo of Sevilla, describes the expedition of his nephew Nicolás de Cardona and his captain Juan de Iturbe to the Gulf of California in - and its failure. () Francis Drake. The World Encompassed By Sir Francis Drake, Being his next voyage to that to Nombre de Dios for- merly imprinted. London: Nicholas Bourne, .Wagner, . Drake’s work relates the circumnavigation of the Golden Hinde and its sojourn in Alta California in ; it went through three editions in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. () Bernal Díaz del Castillo. Historia Verdadera de la Conquista de la Nueva-España. Madrid: Imprenta del Reyno, . European Americana /.A participant in the conquest with Cortés, Díaz recalled the first decades following the event, including the voyages of Cortés, Ulloa, Alarcón, and Rodríguez Cabrillo. A translation in English appeared in . () Nicolás de Cardona. Señor. El Capitán Nicolas de Cardona dize. Que sirue a V.M. desde el año de  en la car- rera de las Indias.... Madrid: s.i., .Wagner, . Cardona relates his failed voyage of  and his later attempts in  and  to open pearl fishing in the Gulf of California. () Pedro Porter y Casanate. Señor. El Capitán Don Pedro Porter y Casanate, dize: Que el año de mil Y seiscientos y treinta y seis, por seruir a V.Magestad.... Madrid: s.i., .Wagner, .Porter relates his merits and services to sup- port his request for a pearl-fishing license in the Gulf of California. () Pedro Porter y Casanate. Relación de los Servicios del Capitán Don Pedro Porter y Casanate. Madrid: s.i., . Wagner, A. This is a second relation by Porter of his merits and services in support of his request for a license to explore the Gulf of California. () Pedro Porter y Casanate. Relación De Los Servicios Del Almirante Don Pedro Porter Y Casanate. Madrid: s.i., .Wagner, .This is a continuation of Porter’s same requests for pearl-fishing and governmental licenses relative to California. () Andrés Pérez de Ribas. Historia De Los Trivmphos De Nvestra Santa Fee Entre Gentes Las Mas Barbaras, y fieras del nueuo Orbe. Madrid: Alonso de Paredes, .Wagner, .This is the first chronicle of the Jesuit missions located in the northwest of New Spain. Its author was one of the first missionaries in Sinaloa, serving there from  to . Pérez de Ribas relates the voyages of Cardona and Iturbe and also of Porter y Casanate from Sinaloa to the Gulf of California. () Juan Díez de la Calle. Memorial, Y Noticias Sacras, Y Reales Del Imperio De Las Indias Occidentales.... Madrid: s.i., .Wagner, .The work relates the services of Porter y Casanate and his voyage to the Gulf of Cali- fornia in .

 () Pedro Porter y Casanate. Relación En Qve Se Ciñen Los Servicios Del Almirante Don Pedro Porter Casanate, Cav- allero De La Orden de Santiago. Madrid, .Wagner, .Porter relates the events occurring in his shipyard at Sentispac, Nayarit in  and , and includes the voyage of his captain to the Gulf of California in . () Pedro Porter y Casanate. Relación En Qve Se Ciñen Los Servicios Del Almirante Don Pedro Porter Casanate, Cav- allero De La Orden De Santiago. Sirve a su Magestad en la Armada Real, y Carrera de Indias, de mas de veinte y quatro años a esta parte.... Madrid: s.i., .Wagner, .A continuation of the previous imprint. () Pedro Porter y Casanate. Relación Ajvstada De Los Servicios De El Almirante D. Pedro Porter Cassanate, Cauallero del Orden de Santiago, Gouernador, y Capitan General del Reyno de Chile.... Lima: s.i., .Wagner, .A continuation of the previous imprint. () Pedro Porter y Casanate. Relación Ajvstada De Los Servicios De El Almirante D. Pedro Porter Cassanate, Cauallero del Orden de Santiago, Del Consejo De Sv Magestad, Gouernador, y Capitan General del Reyno de Chile.... Lima: s.i., .Wagner, a. Porter relates the failed attempts to explore the Gulf of California and colonize the peninsula between  and . () Relación pvntval de la entrada qve han hecho los Españoles Almirante D. Isidro de Atondo, y Antillon en la Grande Isla de la California este año de  a  de Março, sacada de carta de dicho Almirante de  y del Padre Eusebio Francisco Kino de la Compañia de Iesus de  de Abril, sus fechas en el puerto de la Paz. México: Viuda de Bernardo Calderón, . Wagner, .The work relates the failed attempts of Atondo and Kino in establishing a Jesuit mission at the bay of La Paz. The work appeared in a French translation. () Isidro de Atondo y Antillón. Relación De Servicios, Del Capitan Ayudante de Teniente de Maestre de Campo Gen- eral, D. Ysidro de Atondo, Y Antillon, Almirante del Reyno de la California, y Governador de la Armada Real de su conversion. México: s.i., .Wagner, . Atondo relates his attempt at establishing a Jesuit mission in California at La Paz and San Bruno, and his exploration of the region with Father Eusebio Francisco Kino, S.J., between  and . () William Dampier. A New Voyage Round the World. London: James Knapton, .Wagner, .The work tells of the activities of English pirate Charles Swan on the coast of Sinaloa and in the Gulf of California during the winter of - while unsuccessfully awaiting the Manila galleon. Editions in French, Dutch, and German appeared during the eighteenth century. () Agustín de Vetancurt. Chronica De La Provincia Del Santo Evangelio De México. México: María de Bena- vides, Viuda de Juan de Ribera, .Wagner, .The work relates the expedition of Atondo and Kino of -. () Juan María de Salvatierra. Copia De Qvatro Cartas De El Padre Juan Maria De Salvatierra de la Compañia de Jesvs.... México: Juan Joseph Guillena Carrascoso, .Wagner, . Salvatierra describes the founding of the first permanent mission of the Californias, Nuestra Señora de Loreto, in October ,for its benefactors. () Juan María de Salvatierra y Francisco María Piccolo. Copia de cartas De Californias Escritas por el P.Juan Maria de Salvatierra y Francisco Maria Picolo.... México: Herederos de la Viuda de Bernardo Calderón, . Wagner, . Salvatierra relates the founding and first year of Mission Nuestra Señora de Loreto. () Francisco María Piccolo. Informe Del Estado De La Nueva Christiandad de California, Qve Pidio Por Auto, La Real Audiencia De Guadalaxara.... México: s.i., .Wagner, . Piccolo provides a detailed report of the first five years of the Jesuit missions in California and a request promoting support for their continuation by their legal representative. Translations in French, English, German, and Italian appeared in the eighteenth cen- tury, as did a second Spanish edition. () Bartolomé de Fonte. “A Letter from Adm. Bartholomew de Fonte, the Admiral of New Spain and Peru, and now Prince of Chili; giving an Account of the most material Transactions in a journal of his from the Calo of Lima in Peru, on his Discoveries, to find out if there was any North West Passage from the Atlantick Ocean into the South and Tartarian Sea,” The Monthly Miscellany or Memoirs for the Curious, April and June, , -, -. Unregistered. In this fictitious account by the apocryphal Admiral Bartolomé de Fonte, he sails from Callao to Hudson Bay along the California coast between April and September, , thereby discovering a maritime passage to the Atlantic Ocean. English editions appeared in -, - , , , , and , and a Spanish edition appeared in the works of Venegas in .

 () Lettres Edifiantes Et Curieuses, écrites des Missions Étrangeres par quelques Missionaires de la Compagnie de Jesus,  vols. Paris: Chez Nicolas Le Clerc, -.Wagner, a. Volume , , contains the Informe of Piccolo and the map Passage Par Terre A La Californie by Eusebio Francisco Kino, S.J., that reestablished the peninsular cartography of California. () Edward Cooke. A Voyage To The South Sea, And Around the World, Perform’d in the Years , , , and ,  vols. London: B. Lintot and R. Gosling, .Wagner, . Cooke describes his sojourn at Cabo San Lucas in  while he waited to attack the Manila galleon and provides details relative to the ethnography and natural history of the region. He published the first portrait of California Indians, two Pericúes paddling a raft, and the first drawings of fishes and birds of Cabo San Lucas. () Woodes Rogers. A Cruising Voyage Round The World: First to the South-Seas, thence to the East-Indies, and home- wards by the Cape of Good Hope. Begun in  and finish’d in . London: A. Bell and B. Lintot, .Wagner, . Rogers, commander of the fleet in which Cooke sailed also describes his sojourn at Cabo San Lucas in , but in less detail. The work went through three editions in English, two in French, and one in Dutch in the eighteenth century. () Gazetas de México. México: Herederos de la Viuda de Miguel de Ribera Calderón, ;Joseph Bernardo de Hogal, Herederos de la Viuda de Miguel de Ribera Calderón, -;Felipe de Zúñiga y Ontiveros, -. Medina, , , .This periodical was begun on  January , was sus- pended at the end of the year until ,when it was again published until ,when it was again suspended until ,when publication continued from that year until . In  a report dated  September  sent by Father Juan de Ugarte, S.J., was published relative to the founding of missions Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz, Santiago, and Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Huasinapí, as well as the building of the bilander El Triunfo de la Santa Cruz. Following , news was published of the expansion to Alta California, with the sailings and returns of ships from the port of San Blas, Nayarit. In  the founding of Mission San Pedro Mártir was reported. () George Shelvocke. A Voyage Round The World By the Way of the Great South Sea, Perform’d in the Years , , , , in the Speedwell of London.... London: J. Senex, .Wagner, . Shelvocke describes his sojourn at Cabo San Lucas awaiting attack on the Manila galleon in ,following the lead of Rogers and Cooke. Plates of Pericú men and women showing aspects of their dress are included. The work appeared in a second English edition in . () Joseph Stocklein, editor. Allerhand so lehr-als geistreiche Brief, Scrifften und Reis-Beschreibungen, gelegenen Lan- dern.... Der Neue Welt-Bott,  fascicules. Augsburg and Graz: s.i., -. European Americana /.The work contains letters of Kino and Salvatierra and the Informe of Piccolo, as well as the map Passage Par Terre... by Kino reestablishing the peninsularity of California. () Joseph González Cabrera Bueno. Navegación Especvlativa, Y Practica, Con La Explicación De Algvnos Instrv- mentos.... Manila: Convento de Nuestra Señora de los Angeles, .Wagner, .The manual contains the sailing instructions for the coast of California prepared during the Vizcaíno voyage of - and thus this work was used by Captain Gaspar de Portolá and Fray Junípero Serra during their explorations in Alta California in -. () Juan Antonio de Oviedo. La Muger Fuerte, Sermon Panegyrico y Funeral.... México: s.i., . Medina, . This is a preached eulogy for Gertrudis de la Peña, benefactress of the Jesuit missions of California. () Francisco Xavier Carranza. Llanto de las Piedras En la sentida muerte de la más generosa Peña. México: Fran- cisco Xavier Sánchez, . Medina, .The second funerary eulogy for Gertrudis de la Peña. () Johann Georg Gemeling. Disputatio Geographica De Vero Californiae Situ Et Conditione.... Marburg: Typis. Phil. Casimir. Müleri, .Wagner, .This thesis relative to the question of the insularity or peninsularity of California discusses the expeditions of Ulloa, Rodríguez Cabrillo, and Atondo, and cites the Informe of Piccolo. () Memorial Ajustado, Formado a Pedimento de Don Joseph Lorenz de Rada. México: s.i., . Unregistered. This is a lawsuit brought by the nephew of Gertrudis de la Peña, successor to the marquisate of Las Torres de Rada, relative to the disposition of his aunt’s property in favor of the Jesuit missions of California. () Manifiesto que saca a luz, el defensor de los bienes del Marqués de Villapuente, en representación de la Marquesa de las

 To r res. Puebla: Viuda de Miguel de Ortega, . Medina, .The document is a continuation of the pre- ceding lawsuit. () Jurídica demostración de la justicia que asiste a D. Joseph Lorenz de Rada. México: Imprenta Real, . Med- ina, .This is a continuation of the preceding lawsuit. () Arthur Dobbs. An Account of the Countries adjoining to Hudson’s Bay, in the North-West part of America. London: Printed for J. Robinson, . European Americana /. Dobbs relates and supports the veracity of the ficti- tious voyage of Admiral Bartolomé de Fonte in . () Joseph Antonio Villaseñor y Sánchez. Theatro Americano, Descripción General De Los Reynos, Y Provincias De La Nueva-España, y Sus Jurisdicciones,  vols. México: Viuda de Joseph Bernardo de Hogal, .Wagner, .In this work, Villaseñor published for the first time the relation of the land expedition from Mission San Ignacio Cadacaamán to the Colorado River by Fernando Consag, S.J., in . () Fernando Consag. Carta Del P.Fernando Consag de la Compañia de Jesus, Visitador de las Misiones de Californias, a los Padres Superiores de esta Provincia de Nueva España. México, .Wagner, . Consag writes a biographical edifying letter relative to Father Antonio Tempis, S.J., missionary at Santiago from  to . () Juan Antonio Balthasar. Carta Del P.Provincial Juan Antonio Balthassar, en que da noticia de la exemplar vida, religiosas virtudes, y apostólicos trabajos del fervoroso Missionero del Venerable P.Francisco Maria Picolo. México: s.i., . Wagner, . Balthasar writes a biographical edifying letter relative to Piccolo, with short biographies of the martyrs Lorenzo Carranco, S.J., of Santiago and Nicolás Tamaral, S.J., of San José del Cabo, murdered at the opening of the Pericú revolt in . () Juan Joseph de Villavicencio. Vida, Y Virtudes De El Venerable, Y Apostólico Padre Juan de Ugarte De La Com- pañia de Jesus, Missionero de las Islas Californias, y uno de sus primeros Conquistadores. México: Colegio de San Ilde- fonso, .Wagner, .Villavicencio presents a detailed biography of Ugarte, who was a representative of Juan María de Salvatierra, S.J., during the founding of Nuestra Señora de Loreto, missionary at San Fran- cisco Javier Viggé-Biaundó in , and successor to Salvatierra as superior of the missions from  to , with several edifying chapters designed to promote vocations for the missions. () Cartas Edificantes, y Curiosas, Escritas de las Misiones Extrangeras por Algunos Missioneros de la Compañia de Jesus,  vols. Madrid: Viuda de Manuel Fernández, -. Unregistered. This work contains the Informe of Piccolo. () José Ortega & Juan Antonio Balthasar. Apostólicos Afanes De La Compañia De Jesus. Barcelona: Pablo Nadal, .Wagner, .The authors chronicle the missions of Sinaloa, Nayarit, and Sonora. The work contains relations of Kino’s explorations to the Colorado River, and publishes, for the first time, the diary of the expedition of Consag to the Colorado River in . () Miguel Venegas. El Apostol Mariano Representado En La Vida Del V.P.Juan María De Salvatierra, De La Com- pañia De Jesus.... México: Doña María de Ribera, Impresora del Nuevo Rezado, .Wagner, .Venegas presents a detailed biography of Salvatierra, founder of the Jesuits missions of California, with edifying chapters to promote vocations. The biography,written by the protohistorian of the Californias, was edited by a leading intellectual of New Spain, Juan Antonio de Oviedo, S.J. () Miguel Venegas. Noticia De La California, Y De Su Conquista Temporal, Y Espiritual Hasta El Tiempo Presente.  vols. Madrid: Viuda de Manuel Fernández, .Wagner, .The author, Miguel Venegas, S.J., employed modern methodology in the preparation of this first history of the Californias, consulting published and manuscript sources as well as questionnaires sent to missionaries. Venegas’s manuscript was revised and expanded by Andrés Marcos Burriel, S.J., a leading Spanish academician, who included four maps and important appendices with a refutation of the concept of the Strait of Anián and relations of the expeditions of Consag. The work covers aspects of natural history and ethnology of the peninsula, the Vizcaíno expedi- tions, and the founding and development of the Jesuit missions in exceptional detail. It appeared, without the Burriel indices, in English, French, German, and Dutch editions prior to . () Theodore Swayne Drage. The Great Probability of A North West Passage, Deduced from Observations on the Let- ter of Admiral de Fonte. London: Thomas Jefferys, . Unregistered. Drage presents detailed arguments sup- porting the veracity of the fictitious letter of Admiral Bartolomé de Fonte regarding his supposed voyage from Callao to Hudson Bay in .

 () Miguel Quijano. Defensa jurídica de las Missiones de California como herederas de Doña Gertrudis de la Peña.... México: Colegio de San Ildefonso, .Wagner, .This work contains printed arguments countering the demands initiated in  by Joseph Lorenz de Rada relative to the disposition of the property of his aunt, Gertrudis de la Peña, on behalf of the Jesuit missions. () José Torrubia. I Moscoviti Nella California O Sia Dimostrazione Della Verita’ Del Passo All’ America Settentrionale Nuovamente scoperto dai Russi.... Rome: Generoso Salomoni, .Wagner, .The author, representative and chronicler of the Franciscan provinces of Spain in Rome, relates the voyages in search of the Strait of Anián or Northwest Passage and presents arguments against its existence. He treats recent discoveries of the Rus- sians in Bering Straits, and through this he influenced the preoccupation in Spain relative to the Russian entry to the northwest coast of America. It appeared in a second edition in . () Francisco Zevallos. Carta Del Padre Provincial Francisco Zevallos Sobre La Apostólica Vida, Y Virtudes Del P.Fer- nando Konsag, Insigne Missionero De La California. México: Colegio de San Ildefonso, .Wagner, .This short, biographical edifying letter relates to the actions of Consag in the Californias. () Miguel Costansó. Diario Historico De Los Viages De Mar, Y Tierra Hechos Al Norte De La California De Orden Del Excelentissimo Señor Marques De Croix.... México: s.i., .Wagner, .This work is the first relation of the entry to Alta California by Portolá and Serra, including their exploration from San Diego to Monterey and the discovery of the Estero de San Francisco. The author was the royal engineer of the expedition. An Eng- lish translation appeared in . () Estracto De Noticias del Puerto de Monterrey.... México: s.i., .Wagner, .This work briefly relates the founding of the presidio of Monterey by Portolá and the founding of Mission San Carlos Borromeo by Serra. () Francisco Antonio Lorenzana. Historia De Nueva-España, Escrita Por Su Esclarecido Conquistador Hernan Cortes.... México: Joseph Antonio de Hogal, .Wagner, .This edition of the Cortés letters of relation and other documents by the archbishop of México describes the voyages of Cortés and Ulloa. A map of the peninsula of California reputedly drawn by Domingo del Castillo in  is included. () Plan De Una Compañia de Accionistas para fomentar con actividad el beneficio de las ricas Minas de Sonora y Cinaloa, y restablecer la Pesquería de Perlas en el Golfo de Californias. México: s.i., .Wagner, .This pamphlet proposes the reopening and commercialization of pearl fishing through the sale of stock shares for  pesos. () Johann Jacob Baegert. Nachrichten von der Amerikanischen Halbinsel Californien.... Mannheim: Churfürstl. Hof- und Academie-Buchdruckerey, .Wagner, .The ex-missionary of San Luis Gonzaga in exile relates his sojourn in California with extensive ethnographic and linguistic details. The volume contains plates of a Guaycura man and woman and a map that follows that of Consag published by Venegas-Burriel. This work appeared in a corrected edition in . () Christoph Gottlieb von Murr. Christoph Gottlieb von Murr’s Journal zur Kunstgeschichte und zur allegemeiner Litteratur,  vols. Nuremburg: Johann Eberhard Zeh, -. Unregistered. This work contains data rela- tive to Indian languages of California taken from some missionaries, including Benno Ducrue, S.J., whose relation of the Jesuit expulsion from California in Latin also appears in this series. () Jean Chappe d’Auteroche. Voyage En Californie Pour L’Observation Du Passage De Venus Sur Le Disque Du Soleil, Le  Juin .... París: Chez Charles-Antoine Jombert, .Wagner, .The author, a member of the French academy, contracted malaria at San José del Cabo and died there. His observations to determine the distance of the sun from Earth were continued by Joaquín Velázquez de León, noted astronomer from New Spain. The work appeared in an English edition in . () Francisco Antonio Mourelle. Journal Of A Voyage In .To explore the coast of America, Northward of Califor- nia.... London: s.i., .Wagner, . An English translation of the author’s diary of the voyage of the Sonora from San Blas to the northwest coast of America, a voyage that initiated Spanish occupation of the region. () Reglamento Para El Gobierno De La Provincia De Californias. Aprobado por S. M. en Real Orden de . de Octubre de . México: Felipe de Zúñiga y Ontiveros, .Wagner, .This volume contains the first printed laws specifically relating to the Californias. () Francisco Palóu. Relación Historica De La Vida Y Apostólicas Tareas Del Venerable Padre Fray Junípero Serra, Y de las Misiones que fundó en la California Septentrional, y nuevos establecimientos de Monterey. México: Felipe de Zúñiga y Ontiveros, .Wagner, .Palóu was successor to Serra as superior of the Franciscan missions, first in

 Baja California and subsequently in Alta California. In this work, Serra’s closest friend presents the first biog- raphy of Serra, the initiator of colonization north of Velicatá, along with the history of the region until his death in .The work contains a portrait of Serra and a map of both Californias. Two distinct printings appeared in the same year, . () El Rey. Por quanto por Don Fray Antonio de los Reyes, Obispo de Sonora, y Don Felipe de Neve...lo ocurrido acerca de la erección de la Custodia de San Gabriel, y arreglo de las Misiones de Californias.... México: s.i., .Wagner, A. This is a Royal Order for annual letters reporting the status of the presidios and missions of the Californias. () Francisco Javier Clavijero. Storia Della California,  vols. Venice: Modesto Fenzo, .Wagner, . The second history of the Californias, compiled from published sources and the testimony of ex-missionar- ies by the brilliant Jesuit from Veracruz, Clavijero, who was in exile in Bologna; it contains a map based upon that of Consag published by Venegas. () Juan Domingo Arricivita. Crónica Seráfica Y Apostólica Del Colegio De Propaganda Fide De La Santa Cruz De Querétaro En La Nueva España. México: Felipe de Zúñiga y Ontiveros, .Wagner, .The work relates the expeditions of Fray Francisco Tomás Hermenegildo Garcés to the Colorado River in  and the founding and destruction of the missions by the Yumans on the Colorado River in . () Luis Sales. Noticias De La Provincia De Californias En Tres Cartas De Un Sacerdote Religioso Hijo Del Real Con- vento De Predicadores De Valencia A Un Amigo Suyo. Valencia: Hermanos de Orga, .Wagner, .This is the only published Dominican account, appearing in the form of two letters that relate the founding of missions by the Dominican Order, the division of Antigua and Nueva California, and maritime expansion to the northwest coast up to . () Jean Francois de Galaup, Comte de La Pérouse. Voyage de La Perouse autour du monde, publie conformement au decret du  avril , et redige par M. L. A. Milet-Mureau. Paris: Imprimerie de la Republique, .  vols., atlas. Unregistered. The author relates the first visit by a foreign expedition to Alta California during his sci- entific voyage around the world, at Monterey in .The work contains extensive details relative to geogra- phy, natural history, the mission system, and Alta California society. A second French edition appeared in ; English editions in , , , and ;a German edition in -; and a Dutch edition in -. () George Vancouver. A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean and Round the World; In which the Coast of North-West America has been carefully examined and accurately surveyed...Performed in the Years , , , , , and , in the Discovery Sloop of War, and Armed Tender Chatham under the command of Captain George Vancouver,  vols., atlas. London: G. G. and J. Robinson, . Unregistered. English commissioner George Vancouver relates his exploration and visits in Alta California between  and .The work contains the most important geographic and cartographic details relative to the region made to that date. A German edition in two volumes appeared in -, and French editions of  and  were published in three volumes and atlas, as was a second English edition in . () José Espinosa y Tello. Relación del Viage hecho por las goletas Sutil y Mexicana en el año de  para reconocer el estre- cho de Fuca,  vols. Madrid: Imprenta Real, . Unregistered. This work contains an historical overview of maritime exploration of the Pacific coast of the Californias by Martín Fernández de Navarrete as well as geo- graphic, cartographic, ethnographic, and natural history descriptions of the region made by the last Spanish scientific expedition to the area under the command of Dionisio Alcalá Galiano and Cayetano Valdés. () James Burney. A Chronological History of the Discoveries in the South Sea or Pacific Ocean,  vols. London: Luke Hansard, -. Unregistered. This work is a major compilation of diaries and reports of Spanish, Eng- lish, Dutch, and French voyages to all regions of the Pacific Ocean. () William Robert Broughton. A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean. London: Printed for T.Cadell and W. Davies, . Unregistered. This is the diary of the Vancouver expedition of  by the captain of the Chatham. Published in a German edition,  and in a French edition, . () Christoph Gottleib von Murr. Nachricten von verschiedenen Ländern des Spanishcen Amerika,  vols. Halle: Joh. Christian Hendel, -. Unregistered. This work publishes Jesuit letters relative to the missions, including the relation of Ducrue and the diary of the expedition of Wenceslaus Linck, S.J., from Santa Gertrudis northward in .

 () Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern. Reise um die Welt in den Jahren , ,  und  auf Befehl seiner Kaiserl. Majestät Alexander des Ersten, auf den Schiffen Nadesha und Newa,  vols. Berlin: Hude und Spener, -. Unregistered. Kruzenshtern relates the Russian scientific circumnavigation under his command and carto- graphic details of the coast of Alaska. An English edition appeared in , an Italian edition in , and a French edition in . () Iurii Fedorovich Lisianskii. Puteshestvie vokrug svieta v . . .i  godakh, po povelieniu Ego Imperatorsk- ago Velichestva Aleksandra Pervago, na korablie Nevie,  vols. St. Petersburg: Tip. F. Drekhslera, . Unregistered. This is the diary of the captain of Neva of the Kruzenshtern circumnavigation. An English edition was pub- lished in . () Georg Heinrich von Langsdorff. Bemerkungen auf einer Reise um die Welt in den Jahren  bis ,  vols. Frankfurt: Friederich Wilmans, . Unregistered. Langsdorff, the naturalist of the Alaska expedition, recounts the visit of the Russian imperial chamberlain and director of the Russian-American Company, Nikolai Petrovich Rezanov, to the presidio of San Francisco and his meeting with Commandant José Argüello. This visit resulted in the eventual founding of Fort Ross by the Russians. English editions appeared in - and . () Agustín Pomposo Fernández de San Salvador. Los Jesuitas quitados y resituidos al mundo. Historia de la Antigua California. México: Mariano Ontiveros, . Medina, . After presenting his arguments in favor of the reestablishment of the Society of Jesus in New Spain, the famous jurist relates the history of the mis- sions of Baja California in the form of a letter from “Nicolás” to “Lorenzo,” perhaps in remembrance of Tamaral and Carranco, protomartyrs of the Californias. () John Barrow. A Chronological History of Voyages into the Arctic Regions: Undertaken chiefly for the purpose of dis- covering a north-east, north-west, or polar passage between the Atlantic and Pacific. London: John Murray, . Unregis- tered. Barrow’s history contains accounts of the apocryphal voyages of Juan de Fuca and Bartolomé de Fonte along the Pacific coast in search of a passage from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. () Diego Miguel Bringas de Manzaneda y Encinas. Sermon Que En Las Solemnes Honras Celebradas En Obse- quio De Los VV. PP. Predicadores Apostólicos Fr. Francisco Tomas Hermenegildo Garcés: Fr. Juan Marcelo Diaz: Fr. José Matías Moreno: Fr. Juan Antonio Barreneche: Misioneros Del Colegio de Propaganda fide de la Santa Cruz de Querétaro.... Madrid: Fermín Villalpando, .Wagner, a. This sermon, preached on the occasion of the reburial of the missionaries martyred on the Colorado River in ,relates the founding of the missions to the Yumans in  with detailed biographies of the martyrs. () Gabriel Franchere. Relation d’un voyage a la côte du Nord-oest de l’Amerique Septentrionale dans les anees , , , , et . Montreal: Imprimerie de C. B. Pasteur, . Unregistered. Franchere describes the French exploration of the Pacific coast to determine the utility of the fur trade. () Otto von Kotzebue. Entdeckungs-Reise in die Sud-See und nach der Berings-Strasse zur Erforschung einer nordöstlichen Durchfahrt: Unternommen in der Jahren , ,  und ,  vols. Weimar: Gebruder Hoffman, . Unregistered. Kotzebue writes of the Russian scientific circumnavigation under his command and of the visit of Rurik to California in . His account includes details relative to natural history and ethnogra- phy. An English edition was published in .

MODERN EDITIONS Numbers in parentheses correspond with those of the main entry. () Historia de la Conquista de México. México: Editorial Porrúa, . Col. Sepan Cuantos. () Amsterdam: Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, . () Glasgow: James MacLehose and Sons, -.  vols. () Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia, -.  vols. () Miguel León-Portilla, ed. México: UNAM, -.  vols. () Piratas en las Costas de Nueva Galicia. W. Michael Mathes, ed. Guadalajara: Librería Font, . () Glasgow: James MacLehose and Sons, .  vols.

 () Californiana II: Documentos para la historia de la explotación comercial de California: -. W. Michael Mathes, ed. Madrid: Ediciones José Porrúa Turanzas, .  vols. () Ann Arbor: Readex, . () México: Editorial Porrúa, . Col. Sepan Cuantos. () Californiana II.... () Californiana II.... () Californiana II.... () Californiana II.... () México: Siglo XXI, . () None. () Californiana II.... () Californiana II.... () Californiana II.... () Californiana II.... () Kino Escribe a la Duquesa. Ernest J. Burrus, ed. Madrid: Ediciones José Porrúa Turanzas, . () Californiana III: Documentos para la historia de la transformación colonizadora de California: -. W. Michael Mathes, ed. Madrid: Ediciones José Porrúa Turanzas, . () New York: Dover Publications, . () México: Editorial Porrúa, . () Loreto Capital de las Californias. Miguel León-Portilla, ed. México: Fonatur, . () La Fundación de la California Jesuítica. La Paz: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, . () Ernest J. Burrus, ed. Madrid: Ediciones José Porrúa Turanzas, . () Voyages in Search of a Northwest Passage, vol. .William Barr; Glyndwr Williams, eds. London: Hakluyt Soci- ety, . () None. () Amsterdam: N. Israel, . () Amsterdam: N. Israel, . () W. Michael Mathes. “Noticias de las Californias: Reportaje de la Gazeta de México -,” Calafia : (December ). () Amsterdam: N. Israel, . () None. () W.Michael Mathes, ed. Madrid: Ediciones José Porrúa Turanzas, . () - () None. () New York: Johnson Reprint, . () México: Editora Nacional, .  vols. () - () Jesuítica Californiana -. W. Michael Mathes, ed. Madrid: Ediciones José Porrúa Turanzas, . () None. () México: Editorial Layac, . () - () Obras Californianas del Padre Miguel Venegas, S.J. W. Michael Mathes, ed. La Paz: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, .  vols. () W.Michael Mathes, ed. Fairfield: Ye Galleon Press, . () None. () W.Michael Mathes, ed. Fairfield: Ye Galleon Press, . () Jesuítica Californiana.... () Madrid: Ediciones José Porrúa Turanzas, . () Madrid: Ediciones José Porrúa Turanzas, . () México: Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público, . () None. () Paul Kirchoff, ed. La Paz: Gobierno del Estado de Baja California Sur, .

 () Ernest J. Burrus, ed. Rome: Jesuit Historical Institute, . () London: s.i., . () None. () San Francisco: Grabhorn Press, . () Miguel León-Portilla, ed. México: Editorial Porrúa, . Col. Sepan Cuantos. () None. () Miguel León-Portilla, ed. México: Editorial Porrúa, . Col. Sepan Cuantos. () Apostolic Chronicle of Juan Domingo Arricivita: The Franciscan Mission Frontier in the Eighteenth Century in Arizona, Texas, and the Californias. George P.Hammond, Agapito Rey,Vivian C. Fisher, and W.Michael Mathes, eds.  vols. Berkeley: Academy of American Franciscan History, . () Madrid: Ediciones José Porrúa Turanzas, . () Le Voyage de Laperouse—-. John Dunmore, ed. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, ; The Journal of Jean Francoise de Galaup de la Perouse, -. John Dunmore, ed. London: Hakluyt Society, -.  vols. () A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific and Round the World. New York: Da Capo Press, .  vols., atlas; A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific and Round the World, -. W. Kaye Lamb, ed. London: Hakluyt Society, .  vols. London: John Stockdale, .  vols. () Madrid: Ediciones José Porrúa Turanzas, . () New York: Da Capo Press, . () New York: Da Capo Press, . () Ernest J. Burrus, ed. Rome: Jesuit Historical Institute, . () Voyage Round the World, in the Years , , ,& ,by Order of His Imperial Majesty Alexander the First, on Board the Ships Nadesha and Neva. New York: Da Capo Press, . () Voyage Round the World in the Years , , , and . New York: Da Capo Press, . () Eine Reise um die Welt. Leipzig: VEB Bibliographisches Institut, ; Voyages and Travels in various parts of the World during the years , , , , and . New York: Da Capo Press, .  vols. () None. () New York: Barnes & Noble, . () Diario del Capitán Comandante Fernando de Rivera y Moncada. Ernest J. Burrus, ed.  vols. Madrid: Ediciones José Porrúa Turanzas, . () A Voyage to the Northwest Coast of America. Milo Milton Quaife, ed. New York: Citadel Press, . () A Voyage of Discovery into the South Sea and Beering’s Straits. New York: Da Capo Press, .  vols.



INDEX

Abert, James William, a Bledsoe, Anthony Jennings,  Account of a Visit to California -’, a Bliss, Leslie E., , , , ,  Adams, Ansel, b Bohemian Club, , , a Adams, Guns, , a, , , , , , a,  Bolton, Herbert Eugene,  Adams, Herd, , ,  Book Club of California, a. , c, a, b Adams, James Capen,  Borderlands, , a, , , , , a, , , a, b, Adventures of James Capen Adams,  c, d, , a, b, c, , a, , a, , , Adventures of Zenas Leonard, a a, , a, b, , a, b, , , , a, , Afoot and Alone,  a, , a, b, c, , a, , , a, b, , Agriculture, , , , , a , a, , a, b, , a, , , , a Alaska, , , , a, , a, , a, b, , a, Borthwick, John David,  , a Boscana, Gerónimo, , b Alvarado, Juan Bautista, ,  Botany, , a, , a, , a, b, , a, b, Angelo, Valenti, a , a Annals of San Francisco, ,  Botta, Carlo, a Anza, Juan Bautista de,  Botta, Paolo Emilio, a Anza’s California Expeditions,  Bounty mutiny,  Arctic, , , a, , a Brannan, Samuel, , a, , a,  Arizona, , , , a, , a,  Breen, Patrick,  Arrillaga, Basilio José, a Brewer, William Henry,  Arthur H. Clark Company, , a British Columbia,  Ashley, William A.,  British in California, , a, , , a, b, , , Ashley-Smith Explorations,  a, , a Atherton, Gertrude Franklin Horn,  Britton & Rey, a Atlas, , , b,  Brown, John Henry, , a Austin, Mary Hunter, , a, b Browne, John Ross,  Australia, , , a, b, , a Bryant, Edwin, ,  Autobiography, , , a, , , , , a, , , Burnett, Peter Hardeman, ,  , a,  Burriel, Andrés Marcos, , a Autograph letters & manuscripts, , a, a, a Business & economics, , , a, , , a, , a, , a, , a, , a, b, , , a, , a, Balestier, Joseph N.,  , a, , , , , a Bancroft, Hubert Howe, , a, ,  Bandini, José, , a, b California Bartlett, Washington, ,  Alta & Baja (Spanish, to ), , , , a, , , Bear Flag Revolt, , a,  a, b, c, d, , a, , , a, , a, Bears, , , , a, , ,  b, , a, b, , , , , a, , a, Beechey, Frederick William, , a b, , a, b, , a, b, , , a, , Beinecke, F.W.,  a Bell, Horace,  Alta & Baja (Mexican, -), , , , a, , Belle, Francis P., a a, , , , , a, , , , , a, b, Bibliography, , a c, , a, , a, , a, b, c, , a, Bibliography of the History of California, , a , , a, b, , a, b, , a, b, , Biographical Sketch of the Life of William B. Ide,  , , , a, , a, , a, , , a, b, Biography, , , a, , a, , a, b, , a, , ,  , ,  U.S. Military (-), , , , a, , , ,

 , , , a, , a, , a, , , a, , Chinese in California, , . , , a, b, , , , , a, , , ,  a U.S. State ( & after), , a, b, , , , , , , Chinigchinich, , b a, , , , , , , a, , , , a, b, Choris, L., , b , a, , a, b, , , , a, , , , Civil War, , , , , a,  , a, b, , , a, , a, , a, , , Clapp, Louise Amelia Knapp Smith, , a, b a, , a, , a, , a, b, , a, b, Clark, Arthur H., Company. See Arthur H. Clark , , , , a, , a Company California: A History of Upper and Lower California, , Cleland, Robert Glass, a a, b Clemens, Samuel L., , ,  California and New Mexico,  Clifford, Henry H., , , , a, d, a, , , California As It Is, , a  California, Baja, , , , , , , , a, , a,, Clyman, James,  b, c, d, , a, , a, , a, b, c, , Colonial History of the City of San Francisco, , a a, , , a, b, , a, b, , , a, Colorado,  b, , a, b, , a, , a, b, , , , Colorado River and Grand Canyon, , , , a, a, , a , a, , a, , a California Constitution, , , , , a, ,  Colt Press, a California :Forty-Nine Maps of California from the Six- Colton, J. H.,  teenth Century to the Present, , , a, , , ,  Colton, Walter, , ,  California from the Conquest, , a Columbian Exposition,  California Historical Society, , , b,  Concise History of the Mormon Battalion,  California in  [and] , b Conquest of California, a California Indian Characteristics,  Consag, Ferdinando, , a California Monthly Magazine,  Cooke, Philip St. George, a,  California Pastoral, , a Coolbrith, Ina Donna, , a California pictorial letter sheets. See Iconography: Costansó, Miguel, , a, b, c, d, , a illustrations from California pictorial letter sheets Coulter, Edith M., a Californios, , a, , , , , , a, b, c, , Cowan, Robert Ernest, , a,  a, , a, , a, b, , a, b, , , a, Cowan, Robert Graniss, a , , a, , , , a, , a, b, , a, Crime & outlaws, , a, , , , a, , , a, b, , a , a, , a, , a Camp, Charles L.,  Crimes and Career of Tiburcio Vasquez, a Canada, , , , a, b, , a Crotty, Homer D.,  Canby, E. R. S.,  Cummins, Ella Sterling Mighels,  Carrillo, Carlos Antonio, , a Curletti, Rosario, a Carson, James H., , a Carson, Kit (Christopher),  Dakota, North & South,  Carter, Charles Franklin, b Dana, Richard Henry, Jr., , a, b, c, , a Cartography, , , , , , , , , , b, c, , Davis, William Heath, , a,  , , a, , a, , , , , a, , a, , Davis, Winfield J., , a a, b, , a, , , , , , a, , a De la Guerra family, , a, b, c, , a Castro, Carlos,  Dean, Mallette, b Cattle & cattle trade, , , a, b, , a, , a, , , , Death Valley in ’,  , , a, , a, b, c, , a, , , a, Delano, Alonzo, , a, b , a, b, , , , , a, , , , a, , Derby, George H.,  a Desert, history & literature, , , a, b, , , , , , Central America, , , , , a, b, , , . See , , , a, , a, b, , a, , , , , also Isthmus crossing , a, ,  Chamisso, Adlebert von, , a, b Diario histórico, , a, d

 Díaz, Melchior,  Folklore, , , , a, b, , a, b, , , , Dixon, Maynard, a a Doheny, Estelle, , ,  Folsom, Joseph, ,  Donner party, , , , , a,  Font, Pedro,  Duflot de Mofras, Eugène, , a Forbes, Alexander, , a, b Duflot de Mofras’ Travels on the Pacific Coast, a Forbes, John, , a, b Duhaut-Cilly, Auguste Bernard, , a, b, c Fort Ross, , a, , a, b, c, , a Duran, Narciso,  Franciscans, , , , a, , a, b, c, d, , Dwinelle, John Whipple, , , a a, b, c, , , a, , a, b, , , a, b, c, , a Early Days and Men of California,  Francisco Palóu’s Life...of...Serra, a Early Recollections of the Mines,  Frémont, Jessie Benton, , a Early Western Travels...Pattie’s Personal Narrative, a Frémont, John Charles, , , , a, , a, , Easter Island, , a, , a, b a, , , ,  Ecology, , a, b, , a French in California, , a, , a, b, c, , Edwards, Enduring Desert, , a, b, , , , , , , a, b , , , , , ,  Frugé, August, c Eldorado,  Fur trade, , a, , , , a, , a,  Emigrants’ Guide, to Oregon and California,  Emory, William Hemsley, , a Gadsden Purchase,  Engelhardt, Zephyrin,  Garcés, Francisco,  Engravings. See Iconography: engravings Geology, , , a, , a,  Entdeckungs-Reise in die Süd-See,  Germans in California, , a, b Entomology, , a Gibbes, C. D., , a Environmentalism, , a Gihon, John H.,  Estracto de noticias del puerto de Monterrey,  Gleason, Joseph M., , , , a, a Ethnology, , , , a, d, , a, , a, , Gold Rush, , , , , , a, , , , , a, , a, , a, b, , a, , a, , a, b, , , a, , a, b, , a, , a, b, , , , , b, , a, , a a, , a, b, , , , , , a, b, , Evans, Dr. Herbert M., , ,  , a, , a, , a, , a, b, , , , Ewer, F.C.,  , , , a, , a Expedition into California of...Serra, b Goodwin, Jean, b Exploration, , a, , , , , , a, b, c, d, Gómara, López de, , a , , a, , a, b, c, , a, , a, , Government documents, , , a, , a a, b, , a, b, , a, , a, , a, Grabhorn, Edwin,  , a Grabhorn, Jane a Exploration du territoire de l’Orégon,  Grabhorn Press, a, a, c, b, b, b, a, Exposición...del Fondo Piadoso,  c, b, a, b, a, b, a Exposition...Concerning the...Pious Fund, a Gregg, Josiah,  Gregory, Guide for California Travellers, a, b Farnham, Thomas Jefferson, , a, b Grolier American Hundred, , ,  Farquhar, Francis P., , a Guidebooks, , a, b, , , a Fiction. See Literature Figueroa, José, , , a, b Halleck, Henry W.,  Fine Arts Press (Santa Ana), a, b Halleck, J.,  Fine press, a, a, a, c, , a, , b. a, Hanna, Phil Townsend, , , , , , b b. a, c, a, b, b, a, b, a, c, , Harley, Helen E.,  b, a, a, b, a, b, a, b, a Harlow, Neal, c Fisher, Harrison,  Harrington, John Peabody, b Flint, Timothy,  Hart, James D., b

 Harte, Francis Brett, , , a, b Isthmus crossing, , , a, b, , , a, ,  Hartnell, W.E. P.,  Hastings, Lansford Warren,  Jackson, Helen Maria Fiske Hunt,  Hawaii, , , a, b, c, , , , a, c, , Jackson, Joseph Henry, a a, b, , a, , a, b, , , a James Clyman, American Frontiersman,  Henderson, Jennie Crocker, , b, , ,  James, George Wharton, , a Hersholt, Jean,  Jedediah Smith and His Maps,  Hide & tallow trade, , a, b, c, , a, , Jesuits, , , a, , a, b, c, d, , a, , , a. See also Cattle & cattle trade , a Híjar & Padrés Colonization, , a, b Joaquín Murieta, the Brigand Chief of California, a History of California,  Johnston, A. R., a History of Joaquín Murieta, a Jones, Thomas ap Catesby,  History of Political Conventions,  Jordan, John E., b History of the Donner Party,  Journalism, , , , , , , , , , , , , , Hittell, Theodore Henry, ,  , , a, , a, b, ,  Hodge, Frederick Webb, a Hoffman, Ogden,  Kearny, Stephen Watts, , , a, , a, ,  Holliday, W.J., Kemble, Edward C.,  Holmes, Harold,  Kennedy, Alfred, a,  Honeyman, R. B.,  Kennedy, Lawton, , a,  Howard, W.D. M., , a,  King, Clarence,  Howell, John (Books), a, a, , a, , , , King, James (of William), , a, b  Kino, Eusebio Francisco, , a Howell, Warren, , , , , , , , b, , , Kit Carson Days,  , , , , , , , , a Klamath War,  Hoyle, M. F., a Kotzebue, Otto von, , a, b Humor, , , , a, b, , a, b,  Kurutz, Gary F., essays by, , , , , , , , , , , Hutchinson, C. Alan, b , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Iconography , , , , , , , , , , , , , , California, , , a, b, , a, , , a, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  a, b, c, a, , a, b, , a, , a, Kurutz, The California Gold Rush , , a, , , , c, a, , a, , , a, b, , a, b, , a, , , a, , a, b, , a, , , , , a, b, , , a, , a, b, , a, , , a, , a, b, , , , , , , a, , a, , a, a, , , a, , , a, , , a a, b, a, b, , , , , , a, , a, a La Pérouse, Jean-François de Galaup, , a, b engravings, , , , , a, , , , a, , Lakeside Press, a a, , a, b, , a, a, , a, , a, Land grants & land claims, , , , , a, , , b, , , , , , , , , , , a, , , a, b, , , a,  a Land of Little Rain, , a, b illustrations from California pictorial letter sheets, Larkin, Thomas O., , , ,  , , b Larson, Dr. Roger K., c, ,  lithography, , , , , , , a, , a, , , Latta, Frank,  , , ,  Layne, J. Gregg, , , , , a, , , , , b, Idaho,  , ,  Ide, Simeon, , a Leaf book, c Ide, William B., , a Leese, Jacob, , a Indian Wars of the Northwest,  Legal history, , , , , , , , a, , , , a, Indians. See Native Americans , , , a, b, , a, b, , a, , a

 Leonard, Zenas, , a McGowan, Edward, , a, b Leslie, David,  McKelvey, Susan D.,  Lewis, Oscar, b, b McTeague, , a Libros Californianos, , a, , , , , , , , , , Medical history, a, , a, , a , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Merrill, Aristocrats of the Cow Country,  , , , , , , , , , ,  Mesoamerica,  Life amongst the Modocs,  Message from the President,  Life and Adventures of Joaquín Murieta,  Mexican Americans. See Californios Life and Adventures of the Celebrated Bandit Joaquín Mur- Mexican-American War, , , a, , , , , rieta, a a, , a, , , ,  Life in California, , a Mexico, , , , , , , , , a, , a, b, c, Limited Editions Club, c d, , a, , a, , a, b, c, , a, , Linguistics, , a, d, a, b , a, , a, b, , a, b, , a, b, , Literature, , , a, b, , , , a, , , a, , a, b, , a, b, , a, , a, b, b, c, , a, b, , , , a, , a, , , , a, , , , , , a, , a, , a a, , a, b, , a, b,  Milet-Mureau, M. L. A., , a, b Lithography. See Iconography: lithography Military history, , , , , , a, , , , , , Local history, , a, b, , a, , , , , , a, , , a, b, c, d, , a, , a, , a, , a, , a, , a, , , , , , a, , , a, b, , a, , , a, , a, b, , , a, , , a, b, , a, , a, , a, b, , , ,  , , a, , a, , , , a, b, , a, , Miller, Cincinnatus Hiner (Joaquin), , ,  a, b, , , , a, b, , a, , , a, Mining, , , , a, , , , a, , a, b, , , a, b, , , a, b, , , , , , a, a, b, , , , , a, , a, b, , , , a , a, , a López de Gómara, Francisco, , a Mining Camps, , a Los Angeles, , , , a, , , a, , a, b, Missions & missionaries, , , , a, , , , , a, c, , a, , , , a,  , a, b, c, d, , , a, , a, , a, Love, Captain Harry,  b, c, , a, , , a, , a, b, , a, Luck of Roaring Camp, , a, b b, , a, b, , , , a, b, , a, Lummis, Charles F., a, a b, , a, , a, b, c, , a, , a, b, , , a, b, , a, , , , a, , Magee, David, c a Mahr, August C., b Missions and Missionaries of California,  Manifesto, a Momaday, N. Scott,  Manifesto to the Mexican Republic, b Montana,  Manifiesto á la República Mejicana,  Monterey, , a, , , , , , a, b, c, d, Manly, William Lewis,  , a, b, c, , a, , a, b, c, , a, Maps. See Cartography , a, b, , a, b, , a, b, , a, Maritime history, , a, , a, b, d, , a, b, , a, , a, b, c, a, , , a b, c, , a, , a, b, c, , a, b, Morgan, Dale,  , a, b, , , a Mormon Battalion,  Marks, Saul & Lillian, a Mormon history, , , , , a, , , ,  Marryat, Samuel Francis (Frank),  Mountaineering, , , , a, , , , a Mason, Richard B., , ,  Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada,  Mathes, California Colonial Bibliography, , , , , Mountains and Molehills,  , , ,  Mountains of California, , a Mathes, W.Michael, essays by, , , , , , , , Mt. St. Helena, , a, b , , , , , , ,  Mueller, Hans, c McFee, William, c Muir, John, , a McGlashan, Charles Fayette, , a Murieta, Joaquín, , a, , , , , a

 Nahl, Charles Christian, , a, b, ,  Pacific history, , , a, , , , , , , a, b, Narrative of a Voyage to the Pacific,  c, d, , a, b, c, , a, , a, , a, Narrative of Edward McGowan, , a, b b, c, , a, , a, b, , a, , , a, Narrative of the Adventures of Zenas Leonard,  , a, b, , a, b, , , a, b, , Narrative of the Exploring Expedition, a a, , , a, , a, b, ,  , , , a, Nash, John Henry, a, , a, b , a, , a, , a Native Americans, , a, b, , a, , a, , , , , Pacific Northwest. See Alaska; British Columbia; a, , , a, , a, , a, b, c, , a, Northwest coast; Oregon; Washington , a, b, , a, b, , a, , , a, Palóu, Francisco, , , a, b, , a, b, c b, , a, b, , a, , , a, b, , Panama. See Isthmus crossing a, , , , a, , a, b, , , , a, Pattie, James Ohio, , a , a Pattie, Silvester, , a Natural and Civil History of California, a Paul, John,  Natural history, , a, b, , a, a, , a, , a, Pen-Knife Sketches, a, b b, , a, , a, b, , a, b, , a, Peralta, Guadalupe,  , a, , a Peralta, Rafael Guadalupe,  Nevada, , , , , , , , ,  Periodicals,  Neve, Felipe de, , a, b Personal Narrative of James O. Pattie,  New Mexico, , , , a, , a, , ,  Photography, b, , , , a, , , , a, , Newmark, Harris, , a a, ,  Newmark, Marco R., , a Pictorial Edition!!! Life, Adventures, and Travels, a, b Newmark, Maurice H., , a Pioneer,  Newspapers, , , , , , , , , , , , Pious Fund, , a  Pitcairn Island,  Nicaragua,  Plains & Rockies, , , , , a, , a, , a, Nisbet, James,  , , , ,  Norris, Benjamin Franklin (Frank), , a Plantin Press, a Norris, Charles G., a Poetry, , a Norris, Thomas Wayne, a,  Political history, , , , , , a, , , a, b, Northwest coast, , , a, , a, , a, b, c, , , a, , a, b, , a, b, , a, b, , a, b, , a, b, , a, , a , a, Notes of a Military Reconnoissance, , a Portolá Expedition of -, b Notes of a Voyage to California,  Portolá, Gaspar de, , a, b, c, d, , a Noticia de la California,  Powers,Jack, ,  Noticias de California, a Powers, Stephen,  Preuss, Charles, , , a Oak, Henry,  Priestley, Herbert Ingram, a O’Brien, Dr. Frank P.,  Publishing history, ,  Old Block’s Sketch-Book,  California imprints, -, , , a, , Oldfield, Otis, a a, , , , , a, ,  Oregon, , , , , , , a, a, b, , a, , , a, b, , , , a Railroads, , , a, , a Oregon and California in ,  Ramona,  Original Leaf from Francisco Palóu’s “Life of...Serra,” c Ranching. See Cattle & cattle trade Ornithology, , a, , b, , a, , a Rangers, , , a Outlaws. See Crime & outlaws Reagh, Patrick, c Overlands, , , a, , , , , , , a, b, Recollections and Opinions,  c, d, , , a, , a, , a, b, , a, Recollections of the California Mines, a , , a, , a, , , a, , a, , , , Recopilación de leyes, a ,  Reed, C. H., 

 Reglamento, , a, b Scudder, Horace E.,  Reglamento para el gobierno de la Provincia de Californias, Sedgwick, W.E., Jr., a , b Semple, James,  Regulations for Governing the Province of the Californias, b Serra, Junípero, c, , a, b, c Relación histórica de la vida,  Seventy-Five Years in California, a Religious history. See Missions & missionaries Sherman, William Tecumseh,  Reminiscences and Incidents, , a Shinn, Charles Howard, , a Reminiscences of a Ranger,  Ships. See Maritime history Report of the Debates,  Shire, Henry, a Report of the Exploring Expedition,  Shirley, Dame, , a, b Reports of Land Cases,  Shirley Letters, a Revere,Joseph Warren,  Sierra Nevada, , a, b, , , , , , , a, , Richardson, William A., , a, ,  , , a, , a, , a,  Ridge, John Rollin, , , , a Signed books, , , , a, a, ,  Riley, Bennet, , ,  Silverado Journal, b Ritch, William,  Silverado Squatters, , a, b Robinson, Alfred, , a, b, c, , a, b Sixteen Months at the Gold Diggings, , a Rocky Mountains, , , , a, , a Sixty Years in California,  Rogers, Harrison G.,  Sixty Years in Southern California -, , a Romero de Terreros, Manuel,  Smith, E. Boyd, , a Roth, William, a Smith, Jedediah Strong, , ,  Roxburghe Club, c Smyth, William, , a, , a, a, , , a, b Royce, Josiah, , a Social history, , , a, , , , , a, , , , a, Russell, Thomas C., a, b, a, a , , , a, b, c, , a, , , a, b, Russian America, , a, , a, , a, b, c, , c, , a, , a, b, , , , a, , a, a, b, , a, , a , , a, , a, b, , a, , a, , a, b, , , , , , a Sabin, Edwin Legrand,  Songs from the Golden Gate, , a Sacramento, , , , a, b, ,  Soulé, Frank, ,  Sacramento Squatter Riots of ,  South America, , , a, , a, , a, b, , San Diego, , a, b, c, d, , a, b, c, a , a, , a, b, c, , a, , a, , a, Southern California, , a, b, , , , , a, , b, , , a, b, , a, b, , a, a, a, , a, b, , a, , , , a, , a, , , a , , b. See also Los Angeles San Francisco, , a, , a, , , , , a, , , , Southern history,  , a, , a, b, c, d, , a, , , a, Spain, , , , a, b, c, d, , , , , a, , a, b, c, , a, , a, b, , , , b, , a, b, , a , a, b, , a, b, , , a, b, , a, Spanish Occupation of California, c , a, b, , a, , , a, , a, , , Spanish Southwest, , , a, b, c, d, , a, , , , , a, ,  , a, b, , a, , a, b, , a San Joaquin Republican,  Spear, Nathan, , a,  San Joaquin Valley, , a Splendid Idle Forties,  Santa Barbara, , , a, b, c, , a, , a, Sporting, , ,  b, , , a, a, , a, , a Stanley, John Mix, , a Santa Fe Trail, , , a, , a, , a,  Stevenson, Jonathan Drake,  Savage, Jim,  Stevenson, Robert Louis, , a, b Scattergood, David,  Stockton, , a,  Schallenberger, Moses,  Stockton, Robert F.,  Science, , a, , , a, , a, , , a, b, Story of the Files,  , a, b, , a Streeter, Americana-Beginnings, , , , 

 Streeter Sale, , , , , , , , , , , , , , Viticulture, , a, b, , a , a, , , , , , , , a, , , , Voyage autour du monde, , b a, , , , , , , , , a, , , , Voyage de La Pérouse Autour du Monde,  , , , , , , , a, , , , , , , Voyage of Discovery, , a , , , , , , a, ,  Voyage of Discovery into the South Sea, a Streeter, Thomas W., , , ,  Voyage round the World, a, b Sullivan, Joseph A., a, a Voyage to California, c Sutter, John A., , a, , , a, , ,  Voyages & travels, , a, , , , , , , , a, Swasey, William F.,  b, c, d, , , a, b, c, , a, , Sykes, John, , a a, b, c, , a, , a, , a, b, , a, b, , a, , , , a, b, , a, b, , Tahiti, , a, , a , , a, , a, , , , , , , , a Taylor, Bayard,    Taylor, Edward Dewitt, ,  Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast, b, c,    Taylor, Edward Robeson,  , ,      Taylor, Henry H.,  Wagner, Henry R., , , , ,      Taylor, Zachary,  Wagner, Spanish Southwest, , , , ,  Teggart, Frederick J., b Wagner, W.F., a   Temple, Thomas Workman, c Walker, Joseph R., , a  Ten Eyck, A.,  Walker, William,          Ter rible! Thrilling! True! History of the Donner Party, a Washington (State), , , a, , , a, b, , a     Texas, , , a, , a, a, , a, , , Watson, Douglas S., a, c, b, b  a,  Webb, Charles Henry,    Thornton, Jessy Quinn,  Weber, E., , ,  Three Years in California, ,  What I Saw in California,      Thwaites, Reuben Gold, a Wheat, Books of the California Gold Rush, , , , , ,               Torquemada, Juan de, , a , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,           Tour of Duty in California,  , , a, , , , , , ,   Travels in the Californias,  Wheat, Carl I., , b    Tulare Valley, , a Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West, , , ,         Tuolumne County, ,  a, , , , , , ,    Twain, Mark, , ,  Wheat, Maps of the California Gold Region, , , ,    Two Years before the Mast, , a, b, c , ,  Tyler, Daniel,  Whitney, J. D., Wierzbicki, Felix Paul, , a  Up and Down California in -,  Wilbur, Marguerite Eyer, a   Upham, Samuel Curtis,  Williams, True, ,           Utah, ,  Women’s history, , , a, b, , a, , , a, , , a, , , a, b   Vallejo, Mariano G., , , a, , a, , a, Woods, Daniel Bates, , a       b, , a,  Woods, Robert J., , , , b, ,   Van Doren, Carl, b Worden, Perry, , a  Vancouver, George, , a Works,   Vancouver, John, a Wyoming, ,     Vásquez, Tiburcio, a, , a, a Yellow Bird,       Venegas, Miguel, , a, b, , a Yosemite, , , , , a, , a Viaggio intorno al globo, a Victor, Frances Fuller,  Zamorano, Agustín V.,  Vigilance Committee, , , a, b, , a,  Zamorano Club, c Visit of the “Rurik” to San Francisco, b Zoology, , a, , a, , a, b, a

 CONDITIONS OF SALE The property described in this catalogue, which description may be amended by salesroom notice or announcement, will be offered for sale by Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books, Inc. (“Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books”) on Wednesday, February , , on behalf of various consignors (“sellers”). These Conditions of Sale and the Limited Warranty immediately following constitute the complete and exclusive statement of the terms and conditions on which all property described in this catalogue is offered for sale, and there are no war- ranties, express or implied, which extend beyond those contained in such texts. By bidding at auction, whether present in person or by agent, by written bid, telephone, or other means, the buyer agrees to be bound by these Conditions of Sale. . Dorothy Sloan—Rare Books reserves the right to withdraw any lot before or at the sale. .BUYING AT AUCTION. The highest bidder acknowledged by the auctioneer shall be the buyer. The auctioneer has the right to reject any bid and, in the event of any dispute between bidders, to determine the successful bidder, to continue the bidding, or to re-offer and resell the lot in question. In the event of any dis- pute after the sale, the final record of sale of Dorothy Sloan—Rare Books shall be conclusive. . Title to the offered lot shall pass to the buyer upon the fall of the auctioneer’s hammer and announce- ment by the auctioneer that the lot has been sold, subject to compliance by the buyer with all other Condi- tions of Sale. The buyer shall forthwith assume full risk and responsibility for the lot and shall pay the full pur- chase price or such part thereof as Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books in its sole discretion, shall require. In addition, the buyer may be required to sign a confirmation of purchase. .BUYER’S PREMIUM. A % premium will be charged in addition to the hammer price. The “pur- chase price” is the sum of the hammer price and this premium. . SALES TAX. Unless exempted by law,the buyer is required to pay any applicable state and local tax on the purchase price. Exemption certificates are required to waive this tax. . REGISTRATION. ALL bidders must submit a Bidder Registration Form. A Bidder Registration Form is available in this catalogue or on our web site: http://www.sloanrarebooks.com. Bidders will be asked to supply a bank reference or other acceptable references when they register. Bidders who attend the sale will receive numbered paddles which will identify them as bona fide bidders. Bidders who will not attend the sale may submit absentee bids, or telephone bids as described below. Only bids believed to be from bona fide potential buyers will be acknowledged by the auctioneer. . ABSENTEE BIDS. Absentee bidders should submit written instructions using the absentee bid sheet provided (a photocopy is acceptable). Unlimited or “buy” bids will not be accepted. Please bid a specific dol- lar amount. Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books will diligently attempt to follow any and all bid instructions, execut- ing the absentee bid at the lowest possible price, but accepts no responsibility for failure to correctly execute such bids. Absentee bids will be executed only according to valid bidding increments. If identical bids are received from two or more bidders, the first bid received will take preference. Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books reserves the right to decline to undertake any such bids. All mail and fax bids must be received by  P.M. (CST), Tuesday, February , . . TELEPHONE BIDS. For the convenience of absent clients bidding can be made by telephone. Lots must have a minimum estimate of  to qualify for this service. The number of telephone lines is limited, and arrangements for bidding by telephone should be made by Tuesday, February , , with Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books, () -. Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books will execute telephone bids to the best of its ability,but accepts no responsibility for failure to successfully execute such bids. We also recommend that you leave a covering written bid which we can execute on your behalf in case we are unable to reach you by tele- phone. Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books reserves the right to decline to undertake any such bids. . RESERVE.Lots are sold subject to a “reserve,” a price below which the lot will not be sold. The reserve equals the low estimate printed in this catalogue. .PAYMENT. All articles are to be paid for by cash or check and must be removed from the premises no later than noon, Thursday,February , .Payment of the purchase price can only be accepted in U.S. dollars. Purchasers are reminded that appropriate references must be supplied in advance to ensure that

 delivery of lots is not delayed. Floor buyers must pay for their purchases immediately upon conclusion of the sale. Pro forma invoices will be mailed, faxed or e-mailed to successful absentee bidders within one week of the final auction date. Payment is due upon receipt of invoice. Purchased items will be shipped upon receipt of full payment. .LATE CHARGES. No lot may be removed from the auction premises until the buyer has paid in full the purchase price or has satisfied such terms as Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books, in its sole discretion, shall require. As Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books is legally required to pay the consignor promptly after the sale, Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books reserves the right to charge an additional late payment charge of % per month, beginning on the day of the sale. All lots must be removed from the premises, or have shipping arrangements made, no later than noon, Thursday,February , .If not so removed, such items may be sent to a public warehouse at the expense and risk of the buyer. Whether sent to a warehouse or stored by Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books, all such lots are subject to a minimum storage fee of . a day. .Ifthe buyer fails to comply with any of these Conditions of Sale, Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books may,in addition to asserting all available legal remedies (which includes, but is not limited to, the right to hold a defaulting buyer liable for the purchase price), (a) cancel the sale, and retain as liquidated damages any pay- ment made by the buyer, (b) resell the property without reserve at public auction on seven days notice to the buyer, or (c) take such other action as Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books deems necessary or appropriate. Should Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books resell the property, the buyer shall be liable for the payment of any deficiency in the purchase price together with costs and expenses. Should a buyer pay only a portion of the purchase price for any or all lots purchased, Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books shall apply the payment received to such lot or lots at its sole discretion. .The rights and obligations of the parties with respect to the Conditions of Sale and the conduct of the auction shall be governed and interpreted by the laws of the state in which the action is held. By bidding at auction, whether present in person or by agent, by absentee bid, telephone, or other means, the buyer shall be deemed to have consented to the jurisdiction of the courts of such state and the federal courts sitting in such state. .The buyer agrees that (a) neither Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books nor the seller shall be liable, in whole or in part, for any special, indirect or consequential damages, including, without limitation, loss of profits, and (b) the buyer’s damages are limited exclusively to refund of the purchase price paid for the lot. .SHIPPING CHARGES. Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books may, in its discretion arrange to have purchased lots packed, insured, and shipped at the request, expense, and risk of the buyer. This will be done as a service to the buyer, and Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books assumes no responsibility for acts or omissions in such packing or shipping. In such cases, the buyer will be billed for the cost of such services, including an administrative fee for the services. . BIDDING INCREMENTS. Increments are:  to   to   to ,  to ,  to ,  to , , to , , to , , to , Auctioneer’s discretion thereafter .CREDIT.Bidders whose credit is unknown to Dorothy Sloan—Rare Books must submit acceptable ref- erences or make prior payment arrangements (without which lots will not be released until funds have cleared). Mail bidders should submit acceptable references or a deposit of % of their maximum bid. The deposit will be applied to the purchase if the bid is successful. If the bid is unsuccessful, the deposit shall be returned.

 .LOTS NOT RETURNABLE. Any lot containing more than one item is sold “as is,” and is not returnable for any reason. . All property should be inspected by the buyer or an agent prior to purchase. Staff will be available to answer questions concerning the property prior to the sale. .Pre-sale estimates are approximations of current market value. They are prepared well in advance of the auction and should not be considered predictions of actual sales prices.

LIMITED WARRANTY Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books warrants the authenticity of each book, imprint, letter sheet, manuscript, sig- nature, print, photograph, map, work of art, and any other artifact catalogued herein on the terms and con- ditions set forth below: . Unless indicated otherwise in the respective catalogue description or unless physical examination would reveal a self-evident lack of authenticity,Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books warrants for a period of one year from the date of sale the authenticity of every book, imprint, letter sheet, manuscript, signature, print, pho- tograph, map, work of art, and any other artifact described in this catalogue. This limited warranty does not extend to the attribution of authorship of any item to the extent that such attribution is based solely upon current scholarly opinion (which is often controversial and rapidly changing). . Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books warrants to the buyer of record for a period of twenty-one days from the date of sale that any item described in this catalogue is complete in text and illustrations, unless otherwise described. This warranty does not cover binding damages or restoration, stains or foxing, wormholes, short leaves of text or plates or any defect which does not affect the completeness of the text. Nor does this war- ranty extend to the omission of inserted advertisements, blank leaves, cancels or subsequently published vol- umes, plate supplements or appendices, atlases, extra-illustrated books, books in original parts, or serial pub- lications. Lots containing more than one title, letter, or manuscript are sold not subject to return. . Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books and the seller make no warranty or representation, expressed or implied, that the buyer of any property will acquire any copyright or reproduction rights thereto. .The benefits of these warranties are non-transferable and non-assignable. They apply only to the buyer of record, and are conditioned on the buyer returning the work in the same condition as at time of sale, and in the time period specified. .The buyer’s sole remedy under these warranties shall be the refund of the purchase price paid for the item, and this remedy shall be exclusive and in lieu of any other remedy which might otherwise be available to the buyer as a matter of law, and neither Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books nor the seller shall be liable for any consequential damages.

IMPORTANT NOTICE All property is sold “as is” in accordance with the terms of the Limited Warranty set forth in this catalogue and neither Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books nor the seller makes any express or implied warranty or representa- tion as to the condition of any lot offered for sale, and no statement made at any time, whether oral or writ- ten, shall constitute such a warranty or representation. Descriptions of condition are not warranties. The descriptions of condition of articles in this catalogue, including all references to damage or repairs, are provided as a service to interested clients and do not negate or modify the Limited Warranty. Accordingly, all lots should be viewed personally by prospective buyers or their agents to evaluate the condition of the property offered for sale.

 