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(Cabbage, Louisiana). Muhammad Machmud Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1982 Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Armoraciae the Causal Agent of Xanthomonas Leaf Spot of Crucifers (Cabbage, Louisiana). Muhammad Machmud Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Machmud, Muhammad, "Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Armoraciae the Causal Agent of Xanthomonas Leaf Spot of Crucifers (Cabbage, Louisiana)." (1982). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3812. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3812 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation o f techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “ target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)” . If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication o f either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image o f the page can be found in the adjacent frame. I f copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part o f the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. I f necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University Micrcxilms International 300N .Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8312095 Machmud, Muhammad XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS PV. ARMORACIAE THE CAUSAL AGENT OF XANTHOMONAS LEAF SPOT OF CRUCIFERS The Louisiana Stale University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col.Ph.D. 1982 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, M I 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or pages ^ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print 3. Photographs with dark background \/ 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy______ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages^ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements_____ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine_____ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print______ 11. Page(s) ___________lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)___________seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered____________. Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages______ 15. Other_____________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS PV. ARMORACIAE THE CAUSAL AGENT OF XANTHOMONAS LEAF SPOT OF CRUCIFERS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology by Muhammad Machmud B.S. and M.S., Gadjahmada University, Indonesia, 1969 M.S., University of the Philippines at Los Banos, Philippines, 1978 December, 1982 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author wishes to express his profound gratitude and appreciation to his major professor Dr. L. L. Black for his invaluable advice and encouragment during the course of the research and preparation of this dissertation. He also wishes to express his sincere appreciation to Dr. W. J. Martin, Head of the Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, for making facilities available during the program. This appreciation is extended to members of his examining committee: Dr. K. E. Damann, Jr., Dr. K. S. Derrick, Dr. G. E. Holcomb, and Dr. A. D. Larson for their invaluable suggestions and criticisms during research and preparation of this manuscript. The assistance of Dr. R. Slebeling with the serological aspects of their study are % gratefully acknowledged. The author wishes to thank Miss Mary A. Price for her assistance during his research in the laboratory. He also wishes to express his gratitude to all staff, secretaries, and graduate students of the Department of Plant Pathology for their cooperation and friendship during his study at the Louisiana State University. A special thanks is expressed to his parents for their constant moral support, and to his beloved wife, Siti Ningrum, for her patience, prayers, and encouragment during his study. Finally, the author wishes to express his thanks to Dr. M. Rusli Hakim, Director of the Central Research Institute for Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia, for providing the opportunity to do the graduate study, and to AARD-Lltbang and the International Agricultural Development Service for awarding the scholarship. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................... ii LIST OF TA BLES ............................................................. iv LIST OF FI G U R E S ......................................................... v ABSTRACTS .................................................... vi PART I. Xanthomonas Leaf Spot of Crucifers ........................ 1 Introduction ................................................ 2 Materials and Methods ..................................... 3 Results ..................................................... 7 D i s c u s s i o n ..................................................... 19 Literature Cited... .......................................... 21 PART II. Synonymy of Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae and Xanthomonas campestris pv. paphani the Causal Agent of Xanthomonas Leaf Spot of Crucifers ........................... 22 Introduction ................ 23 Materials and Methods ..................................... 25 R e s u l t s ........................................................ 32 D i s c u s s i o n ..................................................... 56 Literature Cited .......................................... 60 VITA ........................................................................ 63 iii LIST OF TABLES Table Page PART I. 1. Xanthomonas leaf spot and black rot disease severity ratings on Market Prize cabbage grown at different temperatures in controlled environment chambers .............. 12 2. Xanthomonas leaf spot and black rot disease severity ratings on some cabbage cultivars in inoculated field p l o t s .............................................................. 14 3. Detection of seedborne Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae in three broccoli seed lots by observation of diseased seedlings among plant populations grown in the greenhouse ................................................ 18 PART II. 1. Bacterial isolates used in this study .......................... 26 2. Disease reaction of plants inoculated with Xanthomonas i s o l a t e s .................................................... 33 3. Host range identity and gel immunodiffusion reactions of Xanthomonas isolates ......................................... 39 4. Effect of incubation temperatures on growth of the Xanthomonas leaf spot bacterium and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris on nutrient dextrose a g a r .................. 43 5. Cultural, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of the Xanthomonas leaf spot and black rot of crucifers b a c t e r i a ......................................................... 44 6. Thermal melting temperatures and base compositions of DNA preparations from four Xanthomonas isolates .............. 46 7. Cross agglutination reactions of antisera prepared against four Xanthomonas isolates .............................. 47 8. Reactions of Xanthomonas Isolates to bacteriophages .......... 54 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page PART I. 1. Field symptoms of Xanthomonas leaf spot on cabbage plants .............................................................. 8 2. Leaf of a greenhouse-grown (Night-day temperature
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