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9781493990382.Pdf Methods in Molecular Biology 1931 Zuo-Yu Zhao · Je Dahlberg Editors Sorghum Methods and Protocols M ETHODS IN M OLECULAR B IOLOGY Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651 Sorghum Methods and Protocols Edited by Zuo-Yu Zhao Corteva AgriscienceTM, Agriculture Division of DowDuPontTM, Johnston, IA, USA Jeff Dahlberg UC-ANR Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension (KARE) Center, Parlier, CA, USA Editors Zuo-Yu Zhao Jeff Dahlberg Corteva AgriscienceTM UC-ANR Kearney Agricultural Agriculture Division of DowDuPontTM Research and Extension (KARE) Center Johnston, IA, USA Parlier, CA, USA ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-9038-2 ISBN 978-1-4939-9039-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9039-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018966334 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Humana Press imprint is published by the registered company Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, U.S.A. Preface Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was domesticated about 8,000 years ago in northeastern Africa and then spread to other parts of the world. Sorghum, a diploid (2n¼20) C4 plant, belongs to the Poaceae family with a genome size of 730 Mb. It is a self-pollinated crop (less than 15% outcrossing) with high photosynthetic efficiency and high tolerance to abiotic stresses, having adapted to varied agroclimatic environments through- out its early domestication and movement. It has germplasm adapted to drought, high temperature, and infertile soils, making it highly adaptable to climate changes. These characteristics made it among the top five most important cereal crops that feed the world. It is grown in more than 90 countries, on about 40 million hectares, and used as the dietary staple for over 500 million people, mostly in developing countries in Africa and Asia. In addition to human food, it has been recognized as a multipurpose crop with a wide range of uses, which include animal feed and fodder, fermented foods and beverages, and renewable industrial materials and biofuels. The world production of sorghum grains in the recent decade is around 60 million metric tons annually. The United States is the world’s leading producer of sorghum, with a production of about 11.5 million metric tons. For centuries, the efforts for improving sorghum relied on farmer selections and more recently on plant breeding efforts from both public and private sectors. Breeding for improved sorghums took an evolutionary change in 1954 with the discovery of the cyto- plasm male sterility system. This discovery triggered the rapid growth of the hybrid sorghum industry in the United States with the first commercial hybrid sorghum sold in 1956. Rapid adoption by farmers followed, and by the early 1960s, 95% of all US sorghum fields were planted with hybrid sorghums. The success of genetic transformation in sorghum with biolistic bombardment was reported in 1993 and with Agrobacterium in 2000. Genetic maps began to appear in the 1990s, and the sequence and annotation of the entire sorghum genome was reported in 2009. Other revolutionary discoveries in sorghum breeding, haploid inducers SMH01 and SMH02, and the first CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene (Sb-CENH3) knockout were achieved in 2018. This book contains 19 chapters reviewing and outlining sorghum breeding technolo- gies, grain compounds, nutrition and digestibility, biotechnology methods, broad renew- able applications, and an economic study. These 19 chapters are categorized as 5 review chapters, 5 case study chapters, and 9 protocol chapters made up of contributions by 44 authors. The information provided in these chapters cover up-to-date comprehensive reviews, new study results, or state-of-the-art protocols. This book targets a broad range of readership interested in sorghum from traditional breeding, modern breeding technologies, sorghum nutrition and compounds related to human health, and renewable biofuels to advanced biotechnologies, biofortification, and genomic editing. We hope this book can provide useful information and tools to an array of readers looking to research and utilize sorghum. Johnston, IA, USA Zuo-Yu Zhao Parlier, CA, USA Jeff Dahlberg v Contents Preface . ................................................................... v Contributors................................................................. ix PART IBREEDING TECHNOLOGIES 1 Hybrid Sorghum Product Development and Production..................... 3 Larry Lambright 2 Mapping QTLs and Identification of Genes Associated with Drought Resistance in Sorghum. ..................................... 11 Karen R. Harris-Shultz, Chad M. Hayes, and Joseph E. Knoll 3 Field Studies to Develop Weed Management Programs for Grain Sorghum .... 41 J. Anita Dille 4 Discovery of Sorghum Haploid Induction System . ....................... 49 Tanveer Hussain and Cleve Franks 5 Development of a Pedigreed Sorghum Mutant Library ...................... 61 Junping Chen, Guihua Zou, and Zhanguo Xin 6 Marker Assisted Selection in Sorghum Using KASP Assay for the Detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism/Insertion Deletion ..... 75 Gloria Burow, Ratan Chopra, Halee Hughes, Zhanguo Xin, and John Burke PART II GRAIN COMPOUNDS,NUTRITION, AND DIGESTIBILITY 7 Assaying Sorghum Nutritional Quality .................................... 87 Kwaku G. Duodu 8 Tannin Analysis in Sorghum Grains . ..................................... 109 Linda Dykes 9 Sorghum Phytochemicals and Their Potential Impact on Human Health ...... 121 Linda Dykes 10 Identification and Quantification of Carotenoids and Tocochromanols in Sorghum Grain by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography ............ 141 Darwin Ortiz and Mario G. Ferruzzi PART III BIOTECHNOLOGIES 11 Gene Editing in Sorghum Through Agrobacterium ......................... 155 Jeffry D. Sander 12 Genome Editing by CRISPR/Cas9 in Sorghum Through Biolistic Bombardment .................................................. 169 Guoquan Liu, Jieqing Li, and Ian D. Godwin vii viii Contents 13 Novel Ternary Vectors for Efficient Sorghum Transformation . ............... 185 Ajith Anand, Ping Che, Emily Wu, and Todd J. Jones 14 Nutritionally Enhanced Sorghum for the Arid and Semiarid Tropical Areas of Africa.......................................................... 197 Zuo-Yu Zhao, Ping Che, Kimberly Glassman, and Marc Albertsen 15 Evaluation of Agronomic Performance of β-Carotene Elevated Sorghum in Confined Field Conditions.................................... 209 Ping Che, Zuo-Yu Zhao, Mark Hinds, Kristen Rinehart, Kimberly Glassman, and Marc Albertsen PART IV ECONOMICS AND BROAD APPLICATION 16 Economics of Increasing Sorghum Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Mali Case .......................................................... 223 John H. Sanders, Botorou Ouendeba, Ababacar Ndoye, Niaba Te´me´, and Soungalo Traore 17 Background on Grain Sorghum Usage .................................... 245 John Duff, Austin Vincent, Doug Bice, and Ian Hoeffner 18 Assaying Sorghum for Fuel Production .................................... 257 Courtney Payne, Justin Sluiter, and Ed Wolfrum 19 The Role of Sorghum in Renewables and Biofuels . ....................... 269 Jeff Dahlberg Index . ................................................................... 279 Contributors TM TM MARC ALBERTSEN Corteva Agriscience , Agriculture Division of DowDuPont , Johnston, IA, USA TM TM AJITH ANAND Corteva Agriscience , Agriculture Division of DowDuPont , Johnston, IA, USA DOUG BICE United Sorghum Checkoff Program, Lubbock, TX, USA JOHN BURKE Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, USA GLORIA BUROW Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, USA TM TM PING CHE Corteva Agriscience , Agriculture Division of DowDuPont , Johnston, IA, USA JUNPING CHEN Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, USA RATAN CHOPRA Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS,
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