CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Page numbers in bold type refer to main articles. Volume number is in italic type to the left of the page number. Primary article material related to various topics has been collected under the following main headings: Analysis, Biography, Correlation coefficient, Data analysis, Distributions, Estimation, Estimators, Inference, Journals, Methods, Theorems and lemmas, Regression, Societies and Associations, Statistics, Statistics applications, and Theorems and lemmas. The authors and editors of this encyclopedia included many cross-references in the text and at the end of articles. The encyclopedia also includes some ‘‘see references,’’ which can be found between main articles. These were all included in the index.

∞-Distributed sequences, Absolutely outlier-prone Accelerated failure time 10:6592 family of distributions, model, 1:13, 46 Aalen plots, 1:47–48 9:5889–5890 Accelerated life testing, Aalen’s additive risk model, Absolutely outlier-resistant 1:10–21 1:46–50 family of distributions, Accelerated life tests, 6:4159, ABAC (graph), 1:1 9:5890 4162 Abacus, 1:1 Absolute moment, 1:10, with continuously Abbe, Ernst, 1:1–2 10:6494 increasing stress, 6:4163 Absolute probability, 1:327 step-stress, 6:4163 Abel identity, 1:2 Absolute product moments, Accelerated stresses Abel’s formula, 1:2–3 10:6531 and accelerated life Abilities of Man, The Absolute risk testing, 1:11 (Spearman), 12:7901 and rare events, Acceptability function, Absolute asymptotic 10:6948–6949 9:6389 efficiency. See Absorbed Brownian motion, Acceptable quality level Estimation, classical 1:673 (AQL), 1:22, 24–25, Absolute central moment, Absorbing barriers 10:6682 1:10 reflection principle, control charts, 2:1351 Absolute continuity, 1:3–8 11:7042 Acceptance control charts, Absolute deviation, 1:10 AbsorbingMarkovchains, 1:25, 2:1350, Absolutely continuous, 1:3 7:4523 10:6684–6685 9233 9234 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Acceptance error, 1:23 Adaptation Adjusted belief Acceptance number, 1:23 robust estimation, 11:7304 in Bayes linear analysis, Acceptance process level Adaptive allocation, 1:44 1:387–389 (APL), 1:23 Adaptive cluster sampling, Adjusted expectation Acceptance process zone, 1:41–42 Bayes linear analysis, 1:387 1:23 Adaptive experimentation, Adjusted for blocks, Acceptance region (in 7:4508 treatment effects, hypothesis testing), 1:23 Adaptive importance sampling. See 10:7007 Acceptance sampling, Adjusted variance matrix 1:23–25 Importance sampling Adaptive methods, 1:36–40 Bayes linear analysis, engineering statistics 1:387 Adaptive sampling, 1:41–45 applications, 3:1990 Adjustment Adaptive sequential Accidental death and elicitation, 3:1900 procedures, actuarial health studies, Admissibility, 1:51–55, 12:7634–7638 1:31 15:9022 Adaptive statistical distributional inference, Accidents inference, 1:36–37 Bayesian forecasting of 3:1790–1791 ADCLUS model, 2:999 estimation in restricted traffic, 1:401 Added residual plot, CERES, parameter spaces, mixing distributions in 2:813 3:2088–2090 study of accident- Adding regressors smoothly ε-Admissibility, 1:53 proneness, 7:4882 (ARES) plots, 1:230 Admissibility within number of fatal for air Addition theorem, 1:46 restricted class, 1:54 passengers per million Additive arithmetical Admissible decision rules miles travelled, 3:2026 functions, 10:6430 Wald’s contributions, rare events, 10:6949 Additive congruential 15:9019, 9022 Account balances, 1:298–300 pseudo-random number Admissible estimators, Accounting generators, 1:502 auditing, 1:298–300 10:6594–6595 Admissible minimax Accuracy, 1:25–26, 10:6673 Additive genetic variance, estimators, 3:2089–2090 Advanced Calculus (Wilson), census data, 2:809 3:2121 15:9176 Achenwall, Gottfried, Additive hazards model Advanced Theory of 1:26–27 in accelerated life testing, 1:20 Statistics (Kendall), Acoustics 15:9168 cycles, 2:1509 Additive logistic-normal distribution, 7:4376 Advanced Very High wavelet application, Resolution Radiometer Additive models, 7:4446 15:9042 (AVHRR) classification applications, Action level, 9:5983 use for agricultural 2:977 Action lines, 15:9038 surveys, 1:80 Additive-multiplicative Actuarial health studies, Advance Monthly Retail hazards model, 1:50 Sales Survey, 14:8913 1:27–32 Additive-multiplicative Actuarial method, 1:33 Advance Report on Durable semiparametric model Goods Manufacturers’ Actuarial science, 1:32–36 in accelerated life testing, Shipments and Orders, biometric functions, 1:548 1:20 14:8914 Actuarial statistics Additive risk model, Aalen’s, Advance Retail and Food risk management, 11:7285 1:46–50 Service Sales Report, term not in common use, ADDTREE, 10:6586 14:8914 1:33 Adjoint, 7:4597 Advances in Applied Adams’ rounding rule, Adjunct variables, in trellis Probability, 1:186, 11:7362 displays, 14:8722 190–191 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9235

Advertising Aging Akaike’s information Bayesian forecasting, cohort analysis, 2:1052 criterion, 8:4923–4926, 1:401 tracking, 14:8688 4928 marketing decisions in Aging first-passage times, mixture distributions, surveys, 7:4499 1:60–67 7:4894 AEDL. See Average extra Aging properties and Wiener-Kolmogorov defective limit total time on test prediction theory, Aerial photography transform for studying, 15:9142 in area sampling, 1:229 14:8678–8679 Albert-Chib algorithm, in wildlife sampling, Agnesi, Witch of, 10:6503 15:9166, 9167 15:9188–9189 Albumininurine Affluence indexes, actuarial health studies, Agreement, measures of, 5:3421–3425 1:31 1:69–71 AFP (Algebraic Fp) Alcohol Agreement analysis, basic, estimation, 4:2395 death-rate correlation 1:69 Africa coefficients for certain agricultural statistics Agreement matrices, 1:69 factors, 3:2027 applications, 1:83 Agresti-Coull interval, 1:506 Alcohol abuse HIV spread in, 1:84, 91 Agricultural surveys, actuarial health studies, African Americans 1:71–80 1:28 HIV spread in, 1:92 Agriculture, 1:81–84 Aleatory variable, 1:104 indices of segregation, area sampling application, Alexander-Govern test, 1:449 14:8857–8858 1:228–229 Algebra, 1:104 undercount in census, uniformity trials, 14:8666 σ-Algebra, 1:104 14:8829 AgRISTARS Algebraic decomposition, and utilization analysis, crop acreage estimation, 5:3579–3580 14:8931–8932 10:6574 Algebraic total least squares, Aftereffect, 14:8894 Agronomy Journal, 1:81 14:8661 Age-dependent Ahmed test, for mean Algebra of events, 1:104, 331 birth-and-death process, residual life, 7:4665 Algebra of sets, 14:8998 1:662 AIC. See Akaike’s ALGOL60 Age-dependent branching information criterion algorithms, 1:109, 110 processes, 1:662 AID (Automatic interaction Algorism, 1:112 Age incidence curves, 3:2023 detection) techniques, Algorithm, 1:104 Age replacement 1:302–307 Algorithm efficiency, 1:112 total time on test AIDS stochastic models, Algorithmic independence, transform for studying, 1:84–97 1:105 14:8679–8680 Algorithmic information AIDS studies, 1:84 Age-specific death rate, theory, 1:104–107, adaptive sampling 10:6961 2:1131 application, 1:41 Age-specific rates, 10:6963 Algorithm libraries, 1:110 back-projection method Agglomerative hierarchical Algorithm packages, methods, 15:9032 application, 1:335–338 1:110–111 Aggregate, 1:55 clinical trials, 2:991 Algorithm quality, Aggregate debt, 1:55 epidemiological statistics, 1:111–112 Aggregated population, 1:56 3:2029, 2031 Algorithms, statistical, Aggregate index numbers. multistate models, 7:4723 1:107–112 See Index numbers AISM Data Library, 1:173 Algorithm specification, Aggregate production, 1:55 Aitchison distributions, 1:109–110 Aggregation, 1:56–59 1:100–101 Alias, 1:113 Bayesian forecasting, Aitken, Alexander Craig, Alias group. See Fractional 1:401 1:101–102 factorial designs Aggregation theory, 3:1806 Aitken equations, 1:103 Aliasing. See Confounding 9236 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Alias matrix. See Fractional American Educational analysis of means of ranks factorial designs Research Association, (ANOMR), 1:133 Aligned rank order statistics, 6:3768 analysis of variance 10:6926–6927 American Educational (ANOVA), 1:133–141 Allais paradox, 11:7108 Research Journal, Wilk-Kempthorne Allan variance, 3:1870 formulas, 1:141–142 13:8408–8409 American Fact Finder, basic agreement analysis, Allgemeines Statistisches 14:8915 1:69 Archiv, 1:114, 12:8149 American Federation of Bayesian multivariate, Allocations (imputation), Information Processing 8:5157–5160 3:1865 Societies, 1:123 Bayes linear, 1:386–391 American Housing Survey, Allokurtic curve, 1:114 canonical, 2:717–727 14:8910 Allometric extension, 1:117 canonical correspondence, American Journal of Human Allometry, 1:114–119 2:728–734 Genetics, 1:121 anthropological change-point, 2:832–838 American Legion Lung application, 1:176–177 cancer study, 10:6992 robust tests for, multivariate, 1:118–119 American National 11:7334–7337 All-or-none compliance, Standards Institute cluster, 2:999–1002 2:1133–1135 (ANSI) graph-theoretic, Almost certain convergence, American Society for 2:1004–1008 2:1357 Quality coordinates cohort, 2:1046–1052 Almost certain properties of with, 1:122 commonality, random graphs, 10:6829 American Society for Human 2:1087–1088 Almost certain uniform Genetics, 1:121 component, 2:1136–1140 convergence, 2:1357 American Society for Quality confluence analysis in Almost completely (ASQ), 1:121–122, regression, convergent, 2:1357 6:3770 11:7053–70545 Almost distribution-free American Statistical conjoint analysis, tests, 1:40 Association joint hierarchical, Almost-lack-of-memory sponsorship of activities, 2:1273–1274 (ALM) distributions, 1:123 contrast, 2:1345–1346 1:120 American Society for Quality correspondence, Almost sure behavior, Control, 1:121, 6:3770 2:1394–1402 14:8807, 8919–8920 American Statistical data envelopment, ALSCAL-84 program, Association, 1:122–124, 3:1537–1540 8:5029, 5030, 5031, 6:3767, 3768, 3775 deviance, 3:1684–1686 American Statistical 5032–5033 digression, 3:1701–1702 Association Bulletin, characteristics, 8:5034 directional data, 1:124, 6:3778 Alternative hypothesis, 3:1703–1708 American Statistician, The, 1:120, 11:7219 discriminant, 3:1752–1758 1:124–125, 6:3778 Aly test, for mean residual American Time Use Survey, DNA microarray data, life, 7:4665, 4666 14:8910 statistical analysis of, Amalgamation process, for Among block trend tests, 3:1815–1817 trend correction, 14:8739 14:8753 emphasis of key Amalgamation (Simpson’s) Amstat News, 1:124 experimental design paradox, 8:5024 Analysis (main articles only). texts on, 3:1671t American Association of the See also Data analysis error, 3:2053–2059 Advancement of Science agreement analysis, basic, event history, (AAAS), 1:123 1:69 3:2108–2114 American Community analysis of covariance, exploratory data, Survey, 14:8915 1:126–132 3:2151–2154 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9237 factor analysis minimum trace factor regression, confluence minimum rank, analysis, 4:2216–2218 analysis in, 4:2214–2215 missing data, sensitivity 11:7053–70545 minimum trace, analysis, 7:4849–4856 repeated 4:2216–2218 mixture data analysis, measurements-design fault tree, 4:2253–2257 7:4871–4879 and analysis, flowgraph, 4:2410–2412 multivariate, 8:5142–5156 11:7172–7195 functional data analysis, multivariate analysis of ridit analysis, 4:2562–2569 variance (MANOVA), 11:7280–7283 fundamental identity of 8:5161–5169 risk analysis, rare-event, sequential analysis, multivariate Bayesian, 10:6946–6951 4:2583–2585 8:5157–5160 sequential analysis, applications, multivariate time series 11:7605–7613 15:9026–9027 analysis, 8:5353–5364 Kiefer-Weiss problem in, generalized principal network, 8:5437–5441 11:7615 component, 10:6400 nonmetric data analysis, Wald-Hoeffding graph-theoretic cluster, 8:5588–5591 inequality, 2:1004–1008 numerical analysis, 11:7615–7616 grouped data, in survival 8:5695–5698 size and shape, analysis, 13:8484–8488 one-way analysis of 12:7762–7769 group-randomized trials, variance, 9:5742–5745 social network, planning and analysis partial order scalogram 12:7826–7827 of, 5:2992–2997 analysis, 9:5984–5988 spatial data analysis, 12:7878–78781 harmonic, 5:3069–3071 path analysis, spectral analysis, hierarchical cluster, 9:6016–6018 12:7916–7919 5:3142–3147 periodogram, 9:6065–6068 survival analysis, hierarchical conjoint, predictive, 9:6355–6365 13:8474–8482 2:1273–1274 prequential, 10:6391–6396 grouped data in, initial data analysis, principal component 13:8484–8488 5:3532–3537 analysis, generalized, systems analysis in interactive data analysis, 10:6400 ecology, 13:8522–8524 3:1526–1527 principal components three-mode analysis, intervention model regression analysis, 13:8597–8601 analysis, 6:3633–3637 10:6405–6406 time series analysis invertibility in time-series principal differential multivariate, analysis, 6:3704 analysis, 10:6407–6411 8:5353–5364 Kiefer-Weiss problem in probit analysis, time-series analysis sequential analysis, 10:6497–6502 invertibility in, 6:3704 11:7615 probit models, Bayesian utilization analysis, latent class, 6:3987–3990 analysis of, 14:8931–8935 latent structure, 10:6503–6504 Wald-Hoeffding inequality 6:4002–4007 profile analysis, in sequential analysis, longitudinal data analysis, 10:6531–6537 11:7615–7616 7:4403–4415 progressively censored Wherry cleanup factor maximum entropy spectral data analysis, analysis, 4:2222 analysis, 7:4627–4629 10:6549–6552 Wilk-Kempthorne mean-variance analysis, quantit analysis, formulas for analysis of 7:4682–4683 10:6721–6723 variance, 1:141–142 meta-analysis, rare-event risk analysis, Analysis of covariance 7:4741–4743 10:6946–6951 (ANCOVA), 1:126–132 minimum rank factor redundancy analysis, concomitant variables, analysis, 4:2214–2215 11:7031–7034 2:1187 9238 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Analysis of covariance ranking and selection and Mosler-Seidel test, (ANCOVA), (continued) procedures, 10:6907 3:2173–2174 interpretation, 1:132 unbalanced design test of uniformity, 14:8860, marketing studies, 7:4500 measures, 14:8813 8864 for marketing studies, use in agricultural science, Andrews function plots, 7:4507 1:82–83 1:156–158 use in agricultural science, use in animal studies, Andrews influence curve 1:83 1:162 redescending Analysis of deviance, variance component M-estimators, 11:7013 3:1684–1686 confidence intervals, Angle brackets, 1:159 Analysis of diversity 14:8963 Anglo-American school, (ANODIV), variance components, 1:156 10:6945–6946 14:8958–8961 Angular transformations Analysis of means of ranks Wilk-Kempthorne variance stabilization, (ANOMR), 1:133 formulas, 1:141–142 14:8976 Analysis of reciprocals, Analysis of variance Pitman Animal breeding 10:6990 test, 9:6149 and evolutionary genetics, Analysis of variance Analysis points, 1:292 3:2120 (ANOVA), 1:133–141 Analytic characteristic Animal habitat studies balanced incomplete functions, 2:854 adaptive sampling blocks, 1:606–607 Analytic continuation to the application, 1:41, 43 Animal number/density Box-Cox transformations, Euclidean region, estimation, 1:162–163 1:639 10:6740 Animal population indices, cluster analysis, 2:1001 Analytic hierarchy process, 1:164 concomitant variables, 7:4506–4507 2:1187 and wildlife sampling, Ancestral set, 1:427 education applications, 15:9166 Anchoring, 1:241 3:1870 Animal populations and elicitation, 3:1900 factorial experiments, Manly-Parr estimators, Ancillarity 4:2225–2226 1:160–161 and Basu’s theorems, fixed, random, and wildlife sampling, 15:9164 1:375–377 mixed-effects models, Animal science, 1:161–165 and conditional inference, 4:2385, 2386 fertility measurement, 2:1200–1203 inappropriate use of 4:2286 canned programs, Ancillary statistics, intraclass correlation 2:1159–1160 1:142–152 coefficient, 6:3640 interpretation, 1:140–141 first derivative, 1:153–154 wildlife sampling, 15:9164 management science Anderson, Oskar Annales De L’Institut Henri applications, 7:4469 Nikolaevich, 1:154–156 Poincar´e(B),1:166 marketing studies, 7:4500 Anderson, V. L. and McLean, Annals of Applied for marketing studies, R. A. (1974). Design of Probability, 1:166–168, 7:4507 Experiments-A Realistic 191 mixture data analysis, Approach Annals of Eugenics, 1:168, 7:4872–4874 key experiment design 169 multiple comparisons, text, 3:1664 Annals of Human Genetics, 1:137 summary of subject 1:168–170 psychological testing coverage, 3:1671 Annals of Mathematical applications, 10:6614, Anderson-Darling test of Statistics, 1:166, 167, 6616–6617 goodness of fit, 170, 171, 172, 6:3777 randomized complete block 4:2881–2884, Annals of Probability, 1:166, analysis, 1:611 2881–2884, 14:8798 170, 186, 191 range-preserving and empirical distribution Annals of Statistics, 1:166, estimators, 10:6998 function, 3:1953 170, 171–173 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9239

Annals of the Institute of A-Optimality Approximate propagation Statistical Mathematics, and trend-free block algorithms, 1:432, 1:173 designs, 14:8733 7:4543 Annotated bibliography, of A-Optimality criterion, 1:396 Approximating integrals, texts on experimental AOQ. See Average outgoing Temme’s method, 1:192 design, 3:1664 quality Approximations to Annual Public Employment AOQL. See Average outgoing distributions, 1:192–201 Survey, 14:8913 quality limit Approximations to Annual Retail Trade Survey, AP-ARCH models, 1:211 mathematical functions, 14:8913 Apel operator 7:4587–4591 Annual Survey of Delta operator and Approximation theory Communications poweroid, 9:6315 wavelet application, Services, 14:8913 Aperiodic Markov chain, 15:9042 Annual Survey of State and 7:4521, 4548 A priori distribution, 1:203 Local Government APL Wald’s contributions, Finances, 14:8913 algorithm specification, 15:9019 Annual Trade Survey, 1:109 A priori probability, 2:1131 14:8913 Application scorecards, for Aptitude Treatment ANOCOVA table, 1:174 bank loan risk Interaction (ATI), 3:1870 ANOVA. See Analysis of assessment, 1:363 Aquaculture, 4:2339 variance Applied probability, Arbitrary origin, 2:1029 Arbitrary scale. See Coded ANOVA table, 1:173–174 1:186–189 data and coding Ansari-Bradley scale tests, Applied probability journals, theorems 11:7458 1:190–191 Arbuthnot, John, 1:203–206 rank statistic, 10:6923 Applied Probability Trust, contributions to medicine, Anscombe, Francis John, 1:190, 191 7:4719 1:174–175 Applied Statistics. See Archaeology, 1:217–225 Anscombe data sets, 1:174 Journal of Royal classification applications, Anscombe’s paradox, Statistical Society 2:972 9:5884 algorithms published in, Markov process 1:110 Anscombe’s theorem, 1:175 applications, 7:4557 ANSI Z1.4, 1:25 Appointment system, multiresponse ANSI Z1.9, 1:25 10:6427 permutation procedures Antedependence of order q, Apportionment of diversity application, 14:8712 (APDIV), 10:6944–6946 8:5125–5127 Anthropology, 1:176–179 Approgression, 1:191–192 and seriation, 12:7656 Antieigenmatrix, 1:181 Approximate ancillary ARCH and GARCH models, Antieigenvalues and statistics, 1:147 1:207–214 antieigenvectors, Approximate Bahadur Archimedean copula process. 1:180–183 efficiency, 1:342–344 See Copula process, Antieigenvectors, 1:180–183 Approximate Bayesian Archimedian Antigen frequency methods, 1:422 ARCH-in-mean models, estimation Approximate conditional 1:211 weighted distribution distributions, 1:149 ARCH-M models, 1:211 application, 15:9111 Approximate conditional Arc-sine densities, 1:226 Antimode, 1:184, 7:4657 likelihood, 1:151–152 Arc-sine distribution, Antiranks, 1:184–185 Approximate linearization, 1:225–228 Antismoothing, 4:2459–2463 6:4217 Arcsine interval, 1:507 Antithetic variable swindle, Approximate lognormal Arc-sine transformation, 8:4987 distribution, 1:465 14:8703. See also Antithetic variates, Approximate posterior Variance stabilization 1:185–186 distributions, 2:1278 Area frame, 1:228 9240 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Area frame of points Arrow’s impossibility Association, measures of, (agricultural surveys), theorem, 14:9011 1:245–251 1:75 Ars Conjectandi (James for nominal variables, Area frame of segments Bernoulli), 1:470, 471, 1:245–249 (agricultural surveys), 473, 6:3684 for ordinal polytomous 1:75 Ars Magna (Cardano), 2:755 variables, 1:249–251 Area sampling, 1:228–229 Artifact typology, in for ordinal variables, Area segments, 1:228 archaeology, 1:217–220, 9:5848–5849 Area traffic control, 14:8692 221–222 and tetrachoric correlation ARES plots, 1:230 Artificial intelligence, coefficient, 13:8589 Arfwedson distribution, 12:8097–8098 use with multivariate 1:230–231 Bayesian networks in, binary data, 1:490 ‘‘Argument for Divine 1:429 Association of German Providence, Taken from and chemometrics, 2:872 Statisticians, 12:8149 the constant Regularity Markvov networks, 7:4540 Associations. See Societies Observ’d in the Births of Artificialneuralnetworks and Associations Both Sexes, An’’ banking application, 1:364 (Primary articles only.) (Arbuthnot), 1:205 chemometrics application, Associative law for Argument from design, 2:872, 875 propositions, 1:328 1:204, 206 classification applications, Assumptions, neglecting, ARIMA models. See 2:978 4:2237–2238 Autoregressive-moving ARUMA models, 1:648 Assurance Magazine, average (ARMA) models; Ascending factorial, 4:2328 6:3781 Box-Jenkin model Ascending factorial Assurance Magazine and Aristotle cumulants, 4:2223 Journal of the Institute and axioms of probability, Ascertained through a of Actuaries, 6:3781 1:329 proband, 1:234 Asthma Arithmetical function, Ascertainment-assumption epidemiological statistics, 10:6429–6430 free approach, 1:235 3:2018 Arithmetic mean, 1:231–233 Ascertainment sampling, Astronomy, 1:252–257 array mean, 1:234 1:234–236 use with control charts, weighted distribution aggregation application, 2:1346 application, 15:9107, 1:58 Arithmetic progression, 9111 change-point analysis 1:234 Asia application, 2:832 Arithmetic triangle. See agricultural statistics lognormalusefulfor, Combinatorics applications, 1:83 7:4397 ARMA models. See HIV spread in, 1:9, 84, wavelet application, Autoregressive-moving 2:921 15:9042 average (ARMA) models Asimov’s grand tour, 1:237 Asymmetric population, Armitage-Doll model of Aspin-Welch test, 15:9127, 1:258 carcinogenesis, 2:703, 9128 Asymmetric power 706 Assessment bias, 1:237–239 autoregressive Array, 1:234 Assessment of probabilities, conditionally Array mean, 1:234 1:240–244 heteroscedastic Array variance, 14:8972 Assessment test, 14:8840 (AP-ARCH) models, Arrhenius life relationship, Asset price 1:211 6:4153 financial time series, Asymptotically Gaussian Arrhenius model 4:2316–2318 experiments, 1:280 of accelerated failure time, Assignable cause, 1:245 Asymptotically median 1:15 Assignments (imputation), unbiased sequence of Arrival patterns, 10:6773 3:1865 estimators, 7:4714 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9241

Asymptotically optimal Atmospheric circulation Average (ARIMA) sequence of estimators, models models 7:4714 and streamflow, 10:6811 Autocorrelation functions, Asymptotic convolution Atmospheric pollution 1:320 theorem, 1:282–283 epidemiological statistics, Autocovariance function, Asymptotic distribution 3:2018 12:7653 function mod 1, 14:8852 Atmospheric statistics, Automatic interaction Asymptotic distribution 1:291–296 detection (AID) theory, 14:8807–8808 Attractors, 2:844, 846, 4:2477 techniques, 1:302–307 and U-statistics, Attributes, 1:297–298, for marketing studies, 14:8920–8922 14:8955 7:4500 Asymptotic expansions, in archaeology, 1:217 Automatic projection 1:259–266, 270–271 control charts, 2:1348 pursuit, 10:6558 higher order, 1:285–290 criteria for decision Automobile insurance Asymptotic fixed-width making, 8:5082 ratemaking confidence intervals for Attributes acceptance and credibility theory, 1:35 the mean, 2:1254–1255 sampling plans, 1:23 Autoregressive approach, for Asymptotic mean integrated Attribute sampling, 1:297 density estimation, square error Attributes inspection, 3:1609 averaged shifted 10:6681 Autoregressive conditionally histograms, 1:325 Attribute theory, 1:297 heteroscedastic (ARCH) Auditing, 1:298–300 Asymptotic minimaxity, models, 1:207 Augmented Dickey-Fuller 7:4798 Autoregressive conditionally unit-root test, 14:8880 Asymptotic minimax heteroscedastic-in-mean Augmented monomial theorem, 1:282–283 (ARCH-in-mean) symmetric functions, Asymptotic normality, models, 1:211 13:8495 1:268–274 Autoregressive error, Augmented partial residual of experiments, 1:276–284 Hildreth-Lu scanning plot, CERES, 2:813 functions of independent method, 1:308–309 Austia random variables, Autoregressive-integrated heart disease 1:272 moving average epidemiological global, 1:283–284 statistics, 3:2025 (ARIMA) models, local, 1:280–282 Australia 1:310–315 sums of independent heart disease and Box-Jenkins model, random variables, epidemiological 1:648 1:272–273 statistics, 3:2025 and exponential smoothing and trend tests, 14:8749 HIV spread in, 1:87 for business forecasting, Asymptotic power under transferable vote system 1:686–687 contiguous alternatives, used in, 3:1893 final prediction error 2:1299 Australian and New Zealand criteria, generalized, Asymptotic relative Journal of Statistics, 4:2307 efficiency, 1:286, 3:1875, 1:301–302 forecasting method in 1876 Australian Journal of combination with others, and efficacy, 3:1875 Statistics, 1:301 4:2433, 2435 Asymptotics Australian Organization for multivariate, 1:315 stationary point process, Quality Control, 1:122 nonseasonal, 1:310–311 9:6185 Autocorrelated errors and Portmanteau test, Asymptotics, higher order, fix-point method, 4:2395 9:6297–6299 1:285–290 Autocorrelation function, seasonal, 1:311–312 Atlas method, 1:543–544 12:7649–7650, 7653. See and trend, 14:8728 Atmospheric atmospheric also Autoregressive- and Whittle likelihood statistics, 1:291 Integrated Moving function, 15:9137 9242 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Autoregressive model of Average mean-square-error Backpropagation network order p, 1:317 model, 14:8847 classification applications, and Box-Jenkins model, Average outgoing quality, 2:978 1:649 1:322–323, 10:6683 Backward difference, 1:338, Autoregressive-moving Average outgoing quality 4:2327 average (ARMA) models, level curve, 1:24 Backward difference 1:316–321 Average outgoing quality operator for aggregation, 1:58 limit, 1:24, 323 Delta operator and atmospheric statistics, continuous sampling plan, poweroid, 9:6315 1:294 2:1341 Backward elimination Average rarity, 10:6544 and Box-Jenkins model, selection procedure, Average run length, 1:323 1:650 1:338–339 control charts, 2:1351 changepoint problem, Backward martingale, moving sums (mosum), 2:842 7:4570 8:5010–5011 financial time series, Backward operators, 1:338 Average sample number, 4:2319 Backward-shift operator. See linear systems, 6:4265, 1:323–324 and Wald’s identity, also Box-Jenkins model; 4267 Graduation mixed models, 1:319 15:9027 Average sample number ARIMA model in terms of, multivariate, 1:320–321 1:310 pure autoregressive curve, 1:24 Average value, 7:4657 ARMA model in terms of, models, 1:317–318 Avoidance function 1:317–318 pure moving average random set of points, Baddeley’s delta metric, models, 1:318–319 10:6880 3:1584–1588 use in bootstrapping, 1:625 Axial distributions. See Badness-measure based Autoscaled variables, Directional distributions breakdown point, 1:667 continuum regression, Axiomatic method, 1:327 Bag, bivariate boxplots, 2:1343 Axiom of equivalence, 1:332 1:651–652 Auxiliary regressions Axioms of diversity, Bagplot matrix, 1:655 conditioning diagnostics, 10:6943–6944 Bagplots, 1:653–655 2:1242 Axioms of probability, Availability, 1:321, Bahadur, Raghu Raj, 1:327–333 1:345–347 14:8932–8933 | arguments of P(E F), Bahadur efficiency, Availability (recall of event) 1:327–328 and elicitation, 1:339–342, 346, 3:1876 axiomatic method, approximate, 1:342–344 3:1899–1900 1:327–330 Budne test, 14:8801 Average and causation, 2:783 Bahadur-Lazarsfeld data reduction, 11:7028 propositions and sets, expansion, 1:346, Average conditional 1:328 347–348 correlation, 9:5943 purely mathematical Average critical value approach, 1:330–332 Bahadur representation of method, 1:322 in terms of conditional sample quantiles, 1:346 Averaged shifted histogram, probabilities, 1:332–333 Bahadur’s theorem, 1:346 1:324–326 Axis variables, in trellis Baire function, 1:348 Averaged shifted histogram displays, 14:8722 Baker v. Carr, 14:8857 regression, 1:325 Azzalini’s Family. See Balanced bootstrapping Average extra defective limit Skew-normal and balanced orthogonal (AEDL), 1:322 distributions multiarrays, 1:351 Average linkage clustering, Balanced changeover 2:970 Back-calculation, 1:335 designs, 2:829–830 Average linkage method, Back-projection, 1:335–338 Balanced data, 14:8963 14:8890 of population, 9:6289 Balanced designs, 1:353 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9243

Balanced incomplete block Barley Basic cumulative exposure design. See Blocks, agricultural surveys, 1:77 model, 1:12 balanced incomplete Barlow-Scheuer reliability Basic wavelet of regularity, Balanced orthogonal growth model, 11:7125 15:9043–9044 multiarrays, 1:349–352 Barnard’s test, 4:2351–2356 Basin of attraction, 2:844 Balanced repeated Barndorff-Nielsen’s Basis, 1:372 replications, 1:348–349, approximation, 1:263, Basis pursuit, 15:9061 349–350 265 Basis weight feedback Balanced resampling using Bartlett, Maurice Stevenson, control system, orthogonal multiarrays, 1:369–371 4:2277–2278 1:349–352 and analysis of covariance, Basu, Debabrata, 1:373–374 Balance edit, 3:1863 1:126 Basu’s elephant, 1:374, 377 Balancing in experimental contributions to Basu’s statistic design, 1:353 multivariate analysis, and Savage statistic, Balducci hypothesis, on life 8:5143 11:7447 tables, 6:4158–4159 Bartlett adjustment, 1:148, Basu theorems, 1:375–377 B-Algorithm, 1:430 365–368 Bathtub curve, 1:378 Markov networks, Bartlett approximation Battery of tests 7:4543 to Wilk’s lambda, 15:9170 and profile analysis, Ballantine diagrams, Bartlett correction, 1:148 10:6531–6532 14:8998 for empirical likelihood, Batting, 1:243 Ballot problems, 1:353–357 Baule’s equation. See Crop 3:1961–1962 Ballots yield estimation, Bartlett decomposition and reflection principle, Mitscherlich’s law in Wishart distribution, 11:7039, 7042 Baumgartner-Weiss- 15:9186 Banach’s match-box Schindler test for Bartlett’s paradox problem, 1:358 two-sample problem, and Bayesian model Banach spaces 14:8798–8799 selection, 1:420 probability measures on, Bayes, Thomas, 1:393–395 Bartlett’s test for 1:5 Bayes boundary of risk set, homogeneity of Band-pass filter, 12:7919 2:1211 variances, 1:366, Bandwidth (window width), Bayes conditional 15:9182 5:3211–3213 probability, Bandwidth rate of Barton-David scale tests, 2:1207–1209 convergence, 1:360 11:7458–7459 Bayes decision, 3:1559 Bandwidth selection, Barycentric coordinates, Bayes decision rule 1:358–360 1:372 and admissibility, 1:52 Banking, 1:361–364 and triangular plots, and probability Bank loan risk assessment, 14:8761 assessment, 1:241 1:363–364 Baseball Wald’s contributions, Bannerjee, K. S. (1975). sabermetrics, 15:9019, 9022–9023 Weighing Designs: For 11:7394–7397 Bayes estimators, 1:502 Chemistry, Medicine, Baseline survival function, binomial distribution Operations Research, 1:13, 18 sample size estimation, Statistics Baseline variables, 14:8955 1:526–527 key experimental design Base-weighted index, 9:5900 finite populations, 4:2332 text, 3:1664 BASIC Bayes factors, 1:378–385 summary of subject algorithm specification, and degrees of belief, 1:461 coverage, 3:1671 1:109–110 and model selection, 1:418 Bar chart, 1:365 Basic agreement analysis, updating, 1:384 Baringhaus and Henze’s 1:69 using, 1:383–385 tests of symmetry, Basic Course in Demography Bayesian A-optimal designs, 13:8497 (Winkler), 15:9184 1:396, 397 9244 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Bayesian approach to Bayesian medical statistics, Bayes linear estimators, probability, 7:4723–4724 3:2075–2076, 10:6463–6464 Bayesian model selection, 6:4208–4209 Bayesian catchall factor, 1:418–423 Bayes linear expectation, 1:395 approximate methods, 1:387 Bayesian D-optimal designs, 1:422 Bayes linear influence 1:396, 397 information criterion for, diagrams, 1:390 Bayesian experimental 8:4928 Bayes’ postulate, 6:3685 design, 1:396–398 prior input selection, Bayes p-values, 1:391–392 nonlinear models, 1:398 1:421–422 Bayes’ risk. See also Decision normal linear models, Bayesian multivariate theory 1:396–397 analysis, 8:5157–5160 and admissibility, 1:52 suitable for uniform Bayesian networks, Bayes’ theorem, 1:392–393, design, 14:8847 1:425–433 411 Bayesian forecasting, constructing, 1:429–431 and inverse probability, 1:400–408 propagation in, 1:431–433 6:3683 Bayesian inference, Bayesian ψ-optimal designs, and urn models, 14:8892 1:410–417 1:397, 398 BDS test for randomness, and admissibility, 1:52 Bayesian posterior density 10:6865–6866 AIDS modeling, 1:95–96 function Beale estimator in archaeology studies, as preference function, Quenouille’s estimator 9:6388, 6390 1:221 compared, 1:485 Bayesian posterior auditing application, 1:300 Beamlet coefficient, distributions and Bayes factors, 1:378 1:442 and fiducial distributions, changepoint problem, Beamlet dictionary, 4:2294–2295 2:842–843 1:442 Bayesian regression, and coherence, 2:1037 Beamlets and multiscale 11:7043–7049 conditional, 2:1203 modeling, 1:441–443 Bayesian robustness, and confidence intervals, Beamlet transform, 1:442 1:435–438 2:1251–1252 Beat the Dealer (Thorp), Bayesian sampling plans, data editing applications, 1:602 1:25 3:1862 Bayesian Statistical Science Bechhofer’s tables, for estimating functions, section, American fixed-effects models, 3:2075–2076 Statistical Association, 4:2383 Gibbs sampling for, 2:1154 1:122 Beer for linear calibration, Bayes information criterion, death-rate correlation 2:698 1:385 coefficients for certain logic of, 7:4368 Bayes information criterion factors, 3:2027 and management science, for model selection, Behavioral scorecards, for 7:4470 8:4928 bank loan risk mixing distributions, Bayes linear analysis, assessment, 1:363 7:4893 1:386–391 Behavior efficacy, vaccines, and robust estimation, adjusted means and 14:8938 11:7304 variances, 1:387 Behrens-Fisher problem, and transformations, interpretation of belief 1:444–452 14:8706 adjustment, 1:387–389 and fiducial probability, unit-root tests, interpretative and 4:2303–2305 14:8883–8884 diagnostic measures, Lee-Gurland test, wavelets, 15:9057 1:389–390 1:454–457 Bayesian information second-order and location tests, 7:4356 criterion for model exchangeability, and Welch tests, 15:9127, selection, 8:4928 1:390–391 9128 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9245

Behrens-Fisher solution, Bernoulli, James, 1:469–470 Berry-Esseen´ rate 1:444, 445 inverse probability, 6:3684 and asymptotic and fiducial inference, theory of probability, expansions, 1:259, 260 4:2299 1:471–473 Berry-Esseen´ theorem, 2:810 Belgium Bernoulli, John, 1:469–470 and U and V statistics, heart disease Bernoulli, Nicholas, 1:206, 14:8807, 8808, 8921 epidemiological 469, 470–471 Bertrand’s lemma, 1:353, 355 statistics, 3:2025 Bernoulli distribution, 1:466 Bertrand’s theory of Belief arithmetic mean, 1:231 hypothesis testing. See about rare-events, 10:6947 multivariate, 1:466 Frequency degrees of, 1:457–462 Bernoulli numbers, interpretation in as evidence, 3:2118 1:466–467 probability and and probability Bernoulli percolation, statistical inference; assessment, 1:240 9:6061–6062 Hypothesis testing; Belief adjustment Bernoulli polynomials, 1:467 Statistical inference in Bayes linear analysis, Bernoulli random variables, Bessel equation, 1:478 1:387–389 1:521 Bessel function distributions, Belief (Bayesian) networks, Bernoullis, The, 1:469–473 1:477 1:427, 7:4535 Bernoulli sampling Bessel functions, 1:477–479 Belief functions, 1:464, conjugate families of Bessel functions of the first 3:2117 distributions, kind, 1:477–478 Bell-Doksum 2:1281–1282 modified, 1:478–479 distribution-free tests, Bernoulli’s limit theorem, and Weber function, 3:1800 1:469 15:9086 Bellman-Harris process, Bernoulli Society, 1:467–468 Bessel functions of the 1:662 Bernoulli’s theorem, 1:469 second kind, 1:477–478 Bell polynomial of order r, Bernoulli’s urn model, modified, 1:479 1:464 14:8892 and Weber function, Bell polynomials, 1:464 Bernoulli trials, 1:469, 519 15:9085–9086 BEM distribution, 3:2133 Bernstein, Sergei Bessel functions of the third Benford’s law, 4:2334 Natanovich, 1:475–476 kind, 1:478 Benini distribution, 1:465 and axioms of probability, Benjamini-Hochberg 1:330 Bessel process procedure, 4:2240 Bernstein polynomial and Brownian motion, Bennett’s bivariate sign test, distributions, 1:673 1:600–601 1:474 Bessel’s interpolation Berge inequality, 1:465 Bernstein polynomials, formula, 6:3618 Berkson error model, in 1:474 Best asymptotic normal linear regression, 6:4259 and Weirstrass estimator Berkson’s minimum logit χ 2 approximation theorem, for trend correction in procedure. See Minimum 15:9102 count data, 14:8741 Chi-square Bernstein prior, 1:474 Best linear invariant Berkson’s minimum normit Bernstein’s inequality, estimators χ 2 procedure. See 1:476, 10:6474–6475 for Weibull distribution, Minimum Chi-square Bernstein’s lemma for 15:9088 Berkson’s 2n rule for logit convergence in Best linear unbiased estimator, 7:4385 distribution, 2:1353 estimation Bernoulli, 1:191 Bernstein’s theorem. See ridge regression, 11:7275 Bernoulli, Daniel, 1:469, 471 Damage models Best linear unbiased contributions to medicine, Berry-Esseen´ inequality, estimators, 14:8819 7:4719 2:810 Best locally unbiased and maximum likelihood and asymptotic normality, estimator, 7:4836 estimation, 7:4630 1:272 Beta coefficients, 1:480 9246 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

ß-Content tolerance regions See also Chebyshev’s generalizations of, Bayesian approach, inequality 2:951–952 14:8657–8658 Bifurcation ratio, in generalized (compound), classical sampling landform model, 10:6802 1:521–522 approach, 14:8645, Bigeometry. See Biplots mixing distributions, 8652–8655 Big game population 7:4886 Beta distributions, estimation, 1:163, 164 Potthoff-Whittinghill tests 1:480–481 Bilateral exponential of homogeneity, 5:3217 Beta function, 15:9215 distribution, 6:3963 probability generating Beta-negative binomial Bilateral function, 4:2748 variable, 15:9215 integrodifferentiation, sample size estimation, Beta-Poisson distribution, 4:2486 1:522–527 9:6188 Bilateral Laplace transform, tests for trend in count Betting 5:3569, 3572–3573 data, 14:8739–8740 and degrees of belief, 1:460 Bilear rank order statistics, Binomial formula Labouchere` systems, 10:6927 and urn models, 14:8892 1:481–482 Bilinear forms, 4:2457 Binomial inverse theorem, Beytr¨age zum Gebrauche der Bimodal. See Biplots 7:4612 Mathematik und deren Binary data, 1:489 Binomial moment. See Anwendung (Lambert), multivariate, 1:489–495 Factorial moments 6:3948 transition (Markov) Binomial parameter, Bhate’s conjecture for models, 14:8712–8713 Clopper-Pearson sequential tests, 12:7647 Binary integrator, interval estimation, Bhattacharyya bounds for 2:1106–1107 1:528 unbiased estimation, Binary sequence, 1:499 Binomial-Poisson 14:8817–8818 Binary string. See also distribution, 9:6188 Bias, 1:483–484 Algorithmic information Binomial probability paper, assessment, 1:237–239 theory 1:529 calibration curves, 2:696 data editing application, Binomial proportion, 1:501, Bias-corrected estimator, 3:1863 519. See als Binomial 1:513 Binary time models, Keenan distribution Biased data due to improper sampling frame, 4:2239 models for, 1:499 estimation of 1/p and Biased data through Bingham distribution. See sequential methods, measurement error or Directional distributions 1:504–505 interviewer effect, Binning, 1:499–500 hypothesis testing about, 4:2239 Binomial and multinomial 1:509–512 Biased sample, 1:483 parameters, inference interval estimation, Bias of an estimator, 1:483 on, 1:501–516 1:506–509 Bias of tests, 1:483–484 Binomial coefficient, point estimation, Bias reduction, Quenouille’s Gaussian, 1:519 1:501–504 method for, 1:484–486 Binomial coefficient formula, Binomial sign test, 12:7726 Bibliography of design of 15:9221 Binomial stopped-sum experiments, Binomial distribution, 1:501, distributions, 2:952 3:1664–1672 519–521, 4:2229–2230, Binomial test, 1:529 Bibliography on Experiment 10:6493 Binomial variables and Treatment Pre-1969 banking application, 1:362 convolutions, 2:951–952 (Federer and Balsam), continuity corrections used Bioassay, 1:552–553 3:1664 with, 2:1307, 1309 statistical methods in, Bienayme,´ Irenee-Jules,´ distributions related to, 1:529–535 1:487–488 See Classical discrete Bioavailability and Bienayme-Chebyshev´ distributions, bioequivalence, inequality, 1:487, 2:867. generalizations of 1:536–540 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9247

FDA statistical programs, Chuprov (Tschuprow), Gini, Corrado, 4:2264 Alexander 4:2852–2855 Bioequivalence confidence Alexandrovich, Gnedenko, Boris intervals, 1:540–542 2:944–946 Vladimirovich, Bioequivalence measures, Cochran, William 4:2865–2866 1:536–537 Gemmell, 2:1027–1028 Gosset, William Sealy Bioequivalence of Solid Oral Cournot, Antoine (‘‘Student’’), Dosage Forms, 1:536 Augustin, 2:1413–1414 4:2887–2888 Biogeography, 1:543–547 Cox, Gertrude Mary, Goulden, Cyril Harold, Biography (Main articles 2:1420–1421 4:2889–2890 only.) Cramer,´ Harald, Gumbel, Emil Julius, 2:1424–1425 Abbe, Ernst, 1:1–2 5:3035–3037 Daniels, Henry E., Achenwall, Gottfried, Gupta, Shanti Swarup, 3:1523–1525 1:26–27 5:3037–3039 David, Florence Aitken, Alexander Craig, Guttman, Louis, Nightingale, 1:101–102 5:3039–3042 Anderson, Oskar 3:1548–1550 De Finetti, Bruno, Hannan, Edward James, Nikolaevich, 1:154–156 5:3064–3067 Anscombe, Francis John, 3:1550–1552 DeGroot, Morris H., Hartley, Herman Otto, 1:174–175 5:3074 Arbuthnot, John, 3:1573–1575 Deming, William Edwards, Helmert, Friedrich Robert, 1:203–206 3:1588–1592 5:3116–3118 Bahadur, Raghu Raj, De Moivre, Abraham, Hill, Austin Bradford, 1:345–347 3:1552–1553 5:3164–3165 Bartlett, Maurice Deparcieux,´ Antoine, Hodges, Joseph Lawson, Stevenson, 1:369–371 3:1628–1629 Jr., 5:3179–3180 Bayes, Thomas, 1:393–395 De Witt, Johan, Hoeffding, Wassily, Bernstein, Sergei 3:1554–1556 5:3187–3190 Natanovich, 1:475–476 Edgeworth, Francis Hotelling, Harold, Bienayme,´ Irenee-Jules,´ Ysidro, 3:1860–1861 5:3223–3224 1:487–488 Elfving, Gustav, Birnbaum, Allan, Hsu, Pao-Lu, 5:3234–3235 3:1897–1898 Huygens, Christian, 1:570–571 Engel, Ernst C. L., Bol’shev, Login 5:3275–3276 3:1985–1987 Jeffreys, Harold, Nikolaevich, 1:613–614 Farr, William, Boltzmann, Ludwig 6:3743–3744 4:2245–2247 Johnson, Norman Lloyd, Edward, 1:614–615 Feller, William, 6:3749–3751 Bonferroni, Carlo Emilio, 4:2281–2282 Jordan, Karoly´ (Charles), 1:615–617 Fermat, Pierre de, 6:3763–3764 Bortkiewicz, Ladislaus 4:2283–2284 Kendall, Sir Maurice von, 1:630–631 Fisher, Irving, 4:2343 Bose, Raj Chandra, Fisher, Ronald Aylmer, George, 6:3831–3833 1:632–633 4:2344–2350 Khinchin, Aleksandr Bowley, Arthur Lyon, Franscini, Stefano, Yakovlevich, 1:634–635 4:2504–2505 6:3841–3845 Cantelli, Francesco Paolo, Galton, Francis, Kiaer, Anders Nicolai, 2:734–737 4:2602–2603 6:3847–3848 Cauchy, Augustin-Louis, Gauss, Carl Friedrich, Kitagawa, Tosio, 2:776–778 4:2639–2642 6:3854–3855 Chebyshev (Tchebichef),´ German (Hermann), Karl Kolmogorov, Andrei Pafnuty Lvovich, Fedorovich, Nikolayevich, 2:864–866 4:2833–2834 6:3867–3868 9248 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Biography (Main articles Newton, Sir Isaac, Spearman, Charles only.) (continued) 8:5472–5475 Edward, 12:7900–7901 Konus,¨ Alexandr Neyman, Jerzy, ‘‘Student’’ (Gosset, William Alexandrovich, 8:5479–5485 Sealy), 4:2887–2888 6:3878–3880 Nightingale, Florence, Sverdrup, Erlang, Kor¨ osy,¨ Jozsef,´ 8:5513–5516 13:8491–8492 6:3881–3882 Pascal, Blaise, Thiele, Thorvald Nicolai, Krishnaiah, Paruchuri 9:6005–6006 13:8593–8594 Ram, 6:3895–3896 Pearson, Egon Sharpe, Tukey, John Wilder, Lambert, Johann 9:6025–6028 14:8778–8781 Heinrich, 6:3947–3949 Pearson, Karl, Von Mises, Richard Langevin, Paul, 9:6028–6033 Martin, 14:9007–9009 6:3960–3961 Pitman,E.J.G., Wald, Abraham, Laplace, Pierre Simon, 9:6141–6142 15:9018–9020 6:3963–3966 Playfair, William, Wargentin, Pehr Wilhelm, Le Cam, Lucien, 9:6172–6175 15:9035–9037 6:4118–4121 Poisson, Simeon-Denis,´ Weldon, Walter Frank Levy,´ Paul-Pierre, 9:6218–6219 Raphael, 15:9130–9132 6:4143–4144 Quetelet, Adolphe, Westergaard, Harald Lexis, Wilhelm, 6:4149 10:6772–6773 Ludwig, 15:9134–9135 Liapunov, Alexander Ramsey, Frank Plumpton, Wiener, Norbert, Mikhailovich, 10:6818–6820 15:9144–9146 6:4150–4151 Rasch, Georg, Wilcoxon, Frank, Linnik, Yurii 10:6954–6955 15:9147–9149 Vladimirovich, Renyi,´ Alfred,´ Wilks, Samuel Stanley, 7:4292–4294 11:7148–7150 15:9168–9169 Luroth,¨ Jakob, Romanovskii, V. I., Willcox, Walter Francis, 7:4433–4434 11:7345 15:9173–9174 Mahalanobis, Prasanta Sargan, John Denis, Wilson, Edwin Bidwell, Chandra, 7:4443–4445 11:7434–7436 15:9176–9177 Malthus, Thomas Robert, Savage, I. Richard, Winkler, Wilhelm, 7:4463–4464 11:7440–7442 15:9183–9184 Mantel, Nathan, Savage, Leonard IJ, Wold, Herman O. A., 7:4486–4488 11:7443–7444 15:9190–9192 Markov, Andrei Andreevich, Scheffe,´ Henry, Wolfowitz, Jacob, 7:4515–4517 11:7472–7474 15:9192–9194 Maxwell, James Clerk, Scott, Elizabeth Leonard, Yanson (Jahnson), Yulii 7:4652–4654 11:7499 Eduardovich, 15:9207 ˇ Merriman, Mansfield, Sgravesande, William J., Yastremskiı, Boris 7:4728–4729 12:7672–7674 Sergeyevich, 15:9208 Minard, Charles Joseph, Shannon, Claude Elwood, Yates, Frank, 7:4789–4791 12:7675–7676 15:9211–9212 Montmort, Pierre Remond´ Shewhart, Walter Andrew, Yule, George Udny, De, 8:4987–4989 12:7691–7693 15:9216–9217 Nekrasov, Pavel Slutsky (Slutskii), Evgenii Biology Alekseevich, Evgenievich, applied probability, 8:5421–5423 12:7794–7796 1:186–187 Nemchinov, Vasilii Smirnov, Nikolai classical biostatistics, Sergeevich, Visil’yevich, 1:551–561 8:5426–5427 12:7805–7806 compartment models in, Newcomb, Simon, Snedecor, George Waddel, 2:1119 8:5457–5458 12:7815–7817 cycles, 2:1509 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9249

lognormalusefulfor, Birds Bisquare fitting, 1:580 7:4397 capture-recapture method Bit (binary digit). See Markov process application, 2:743 Entropy applications, 7:4557 classification, 2:972 Bitterlich’s angle-count mixing distributions, indices for sampling, method, in forestry, 7:4881 15:9166 4:2445 Biomass models, navigation applied Bivariate averaged shifted 4:2450–2452 probability studies, histogram, 1:326 Biomedical monitoring 1:186–187 Bivariate Bernoulli trials, Bayesian forecasting, Birnbaum, Allan, 1:570–571 1:582 1:401 Birnbaum-Hall test, 6:3874. Bivariate binomial Biometrical Journal, See also distribution, 1:582–584, 1:549–550 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 8:5037–5038 Biometric functions, test, three-sample Bivariate boxplot, 1:651–655 1:548–549 Birnbaum-Raymond- Bivariate Charlier series Biometrics, 1:552 Zuckerman inequality, distribution, 2:863 and evolutionary genetics, 1:572 Bivariate compounded 3:2120 Birnbaum-Saunders distributions, 1:594 Biometrics, 1:550, 561, fatigue-life distribution, Bivariate correlation Pitman 6:3778 4:2247–2249 test, 9:6148 Biometrics Bulletin, 1:550, Birnbaum’s pseudo-t Bivariate discrete 561, 6:3778 statistic, 10:6599–6600 distributions, 1:580–594 Biometric Society, 1:550, Birnbaum’s theorem, Bivariate distributions 5:3591–3593, 6:3767 1:145–146 inequalities on, Biometrics School, 1:176 Birth-and-death processes, 5:3451–3458 Biometrics section, American 1:572–576. See also specification of, 1:596–597 Statistical Association, Markov processes Bivariate Farlie-Gumbel- 1:122, 550 logistic processes, 7:4377 Morgenstern (FGM) Biometrika, 1:550–551, 553, and Markov processes, distributions, 561 7:4546 4:2243–2244 Biometrika Tables for probability generating Bivariate Fisher’s Statisticians, 1:551 function for studying, k-statistics, 4:2369 Biometrische Zeitschrift, 4:2749 Bivariate Gaussian 1:549 tridiagonal transition distribution, 2:1311 Biometry, 1:552 matrix, 14:8762 Bivariate generalized ‘‘Biometry’’ (Galton), 1:553 Birthday problems, power-series Biopharmaceutics section, 2:1061–1062, 9:6217 distributions, 1:594 American Statistical Birth-death-immigration Bivariate Hermite Association, 1:123 processes, 1:574–575 distribution, 1:590–591 Bi-optimal estimators, Birth rates, 10:6961 Bivariate Lagrangian 2:1261–1262 Arbuthnot’s contributions, distribution, 6:3939 Bi-optimal inferentia 1:205–206 Bivariate Laplace procedures, 2:1261 and fertility measurement, distribution, 6:3962 Bi-optimal procedures, 4:2286–2287 Bivariate Laplace-Gaussian 2:1261 Births, 14:9001 distribution, 2:1311 Biorhythms, 2:1509 and epidemiological Bivariate logarithmic series Biostatistics, classical, statistics, 3:2016 distribution, 1:591–593 1:551–561 Biserial correlation, Bivariate logistic Bipartite symmetric 1:577–579, 2:1378, distributions, 7:4374 functions, 13:8496 9:6243 Bivariate negative binomial Bipivot t-statistics, Bisexual contact distribution, 1:585–588 9:6156–6157 and HIV transmission, Bivariate Neyman type A Biplots, 1:563–569 1:87–88 distribution, 1:589–590 9250 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Bivariate normal recovery of interblock Blood Pressure Study 1938, distribution, 1:597–598, information, 1:31 2:1311–1316 10:7006–7007 Blood Pressure Study 1979, Feller’s theorem, trend-free designs, 14:8731 1:32 1:598–600 use in animal studies, Blue-collar workers Bivariate phase type 1:161 Employment Cost Index distributions, 9:6107 use in ANOVA, 1:134 data, 3:1982 Bivariate Poisson use in weighing designs, Blumen’s bivariate sign test. distribution, 1:584–585 15:9104 See Bivariate sign test, distributions arising from, Youden square, Bennett’s 1:588–591 15:9214–9215 BMDP package Bivariate rank sum test, Blocks, randomized detailed description, 10:6932 complete, 1:608–612 12:8084, 8087 Bivariate sign test, analysis of, 1:610–612 Fisher’s exact and Bennett’s, 1:600–601 clinical trials, 2:983 Barnard’s tests, 4:2353 Bivariate uniform constrained multivariate analysis distributions, randomization, 10:6841, available in, 8:5143 14:8854–8855 6843 Bochner theorem, of Bivariate weighted recovery of interblock characteristic functions, distributions, 15:9109 information, 2:852 Blackbody radiation, 10:6727 10:7006–7007 Bode’s law, 1:612–613 trend tests, 14:8752–8753 Body mass index, 3:2031 Black box, 1:601 Tukey’s test for Boher-Summerfeld empirical Blackjack, 1:601–603 nonadditivity, 14:8786 quantization rules, Blacks. See African use in analysis of 10:6727 Americans covariance, 1:127 Bole taper models, Black-Scholes model, 1:361 use in animal studies, 4:2449–2450 BLAISE system, 3:1895 1:161–162 Bole volume, 4:2450 Blinding, lack of, and use in ANOVA, 1:134 Bolker, Ethan assessment bias, Wilcoxon-type tests for and axioms of probability, 1:237–238 ordered alternatives in, 1:333 Block bootstrap, 1:603, 626 15:9156–9162 Bol’shev, Login Nikolaevich, Block clustering, 2:970–971 Blocks, statistically 1:613–614 Blocking. See Blocks, equivalent. See Boltzmann, Ludwig Edward, randomized complete Sequential procedures, 1:614–615 Blocking designs Jirina;ˇ Tolerance regions contributions to emphasis of key Blood pressure foundations of experimental design actuarial health studies, probability, 10:6453 texts on, 3:1671t 1:28, 30, 31 contributions to statistical Blocking time, 1:120 epidemiological statistics, mechanics, 10:6730 Block mean square 3:2017 Boltzmann distribution, randomized complete block factor in Framingham 4:2285 analysis, 1:611 study, 4:2499 Boltzmann’s H-theorem, Blocks, balanced incomplete, heart disease 1:615 1:604–608 epidemiological Bone cancers analysis of, 1:605–608 statistics, 3:2025 human radiation hazards, constrained medical diagnosis studies, 3:2018 randomization, 10:6842 7:4715 Bonferroni, Carlo Emilio, linear trend-free block mixing distributions in 1:615–617 designs, 14:8735 studying, 7:4881 Bonferroni concentration marketing studies, 7:4500 prospective studies, index, 2:1182–1186 quasi-factorial designs, 10:6580 Bonferroni confidence region, 10:6747–6748 risk factor, 10:6962 1:620 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9251

Bonferroni curve, Bootstrap confidence Bowker’s test of symmetry, 2:1182–1183 intervals, 1:625 13:8498–8499 Bonferroni diagram, 2:1182 Bootstrap-oriented P-values, Bowley, Arthur Lyon, Bonferroni inequalities, 10:6648 1:634–635 1:617–618 Bootstrapping Markov Bowley approximation, and Kimball’s inequality, chains, 1:625–626 7:4568 6:3849–3850 Bootstrap standard error, Bowley’s measure of Bonferroni inequalities and 1:624–625 skewness, 12:7771–7773 intervals, 1:617–622 Bootstrap-t confidence Box, G. E. P., Hunter, W. G., Bonferroni intervals, intervals, 2:1149–1152 and Hunter, J. S. 1:618–622 Borel-Cantelli lemma, 1:628, Statistics for Bonferroni procedure 10:6495 Experimenters Subtitled simultaneous testing, and large deviations, ’’An Introduction to 12:7749–7750 6:3975 Design, Data Analysis, Bonferroni’s inequality, truncation method and Model Building ‘‘The,’’ 1:618 justification, 14:8774 key experimental design Bonferroni t-statistic, 1:623 and zero-one laws, 15:9221 text, 3:1665 Bonferroni upper bound Borel-Cantelli zero-one law, summary of subject Worsley-Hunter bound 1:628, 15:9221 coverage, 3:1671 improved version of, Borel distribution, 6:3955 Box-and-whiskers plot, 1:651 10:6444 Borel σ-field, 1:4, 5 Box constraint relaxation, Bonsel’s estimator, of Borel-Hermite distribution, 11:7557 expected survival 5:3121–3122 Box-counting dimension curves, 3:2141–2142 Borel-Kolmogorov paradox, fractal estimation, Book amounts, 1:298 1:628–629 4:2465–2466 Boolean algebra, 1:328 Borel measure, 1:3 Box-Cox transformations, data editing applications, Borel’s strong law of large 1:636–644 3:1862 numbers, 6:3979 and Box-Jenkins model, Boolean models Borel-Tanner distribution, 1:647 coverage processes, 1:630 modulus transformation 2:1417–1418 Borel zero-one law. See family related to, 8:4940 Boole’s inequality, 1:623 Zero-one laws selecting for symmetry, Bootstrap, 1:623–627 Bortkiewicz, Ladislaus von, 1:644–645 block bootstrap, 1:603 1:630–631 Box-Jenkins model, capture-recapture method Boscovich, Ruggierio 1:646–651 application, 2:752 Giuseppe, 1:631–632 elections in the United and cross-validation, Bose, Raj Chandra, Kingdom, 3:1887 2:1454 1:632–633 finance applications, data editing applications, Bose-Chauduri codes, 1:633 4:2313–2314 3:1862 Bose-Einstein distribution, forecasting method, 1:230, for empirical likelihood, 4:2286 4:2426 3:1962 Bose-Einstein statistics, linear systems, 6:4266 mixing distributions, 4:2284–2286 Box-Muller transformation, 7:4893 and Zipf’s law, 15:9224 1:651 psychological testing Boston and vertical density application, 10:6618 fluoride in drinking water, representation, and Quenouille’s method 3:2024 14:8998–8999 for bias reduction, 1:484 Bounded-length confidence Boxplots and weak convergence, intervals, 2:1253–1257 bivariate, 1:651–655 15:9066 for median of symmetric limitations, 14:8721 Bootstrap accelerated population, 2:1256–1257 Bradford distribution, 1:656 bias-corrected percentile Bounds, Cooke’s method of Bradley-Terry model, interval, 1:625 estimation, 1:633–634 1:656–657 9252 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Bradstreet index. See Index Broken random sample Build Study 1979, 1:32 numbers record linkage and Bulk sampling, 1:676 Branch-and-bound method, matching systems, Bulletin in Applied Statistics 1:657–659 10:6994 (BIAS), 1:676–677 Branching diffusions, Broken-stick regression, Bulletin on Mathematical 1:662 2:840 Statistics (BIAS), Branching processes, Bronchitis 1:677–678 1:660–662 epidemiological statistics, Burdick-Eickman variance applied probability 3:2016, 2018 component confidence studies, 1:188 Bross’s ridit scores, 11:7281 interval procedure, criticality theorem, 2:1436 Brown-Forsythe tests, 14:8966 Branching property, 1:660 15:9127, 9128 Burdick-Graybill variance Branching random walks, and Behrens-Fisher component confidence 1:662 problem, 1:450, 451 interval procedure, BRANDAID, 7:4506 Brown-Forsythe trend tests, 14:8965 Bravais distribution, 15:9129 Bureau of Biologics, FDA, 2:1311 Brownian bridge, 1:669–671 4:2260 Brazilian Journal of quantile process, Bureau of Drugs, FDA, Probability and 10:6710–6713 4:2259 Statistics, 1:662–663 Brownian motion, 1:672–675 Bureau of Foods, Division of Brazilian Statistical fractional, 4:2484–2487 mathematics, 4:2260 Association, 1:662 as Gaussian process, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Breakdown point, 1:663–667 15:9144 6:3794–3797 Breakdown values. See quantile process, Bureau of Labor Statistics Robust regression, 10:6710–6713 Current Population positive breakdown in and random walks, Survey, 2:1475, 1489 Breast cancer, 2:706 10:6896 Bureau of Medical Devices, Breslow-Day test of equality and reflection principle, 4:2259 for odds ratios, 11:7039, 7042 Bureau of Standards Journal 9:5725–5726 zero-one law, 15:9222 of Research, 6:3771 Brewer’s method Brown-Mood median test, Bureau of the Census, use with probability 7:4710–4711, 4712 proportional to size ordered contingency 14:8902–8915 sampling, 10:6490 tables, 2:1304 Current Population Brier score rank statistic, 10:6923 Survey, 2:1475–1490 probabilistic forecasting, Brushlets, 1:443 data editing applications, 10:6446, 6447 Bryan v. Koch, 6:4090 2:1158–1159, 3:1866 in weather forecasting, Bubble concept, of risk development of balanced 15:9071–9072 management, 11:7289 repeated replications, Brightness profile model, in Budne’s two-sample test, 1:348 crop proportion 14:8800–8801 EDI application, 3:1895 estimation, 10:6576 Buffon’s needle problem, indices of segregation used Brillouin index, 3:1802 1:675 by, 14:8858 British Journal of Bufo bufo toad question-wording effects in Mathematical and biogeographic studies in surveys, 10:6771 Statistical Psychology, Finland, 1:545 and X-11 method, 15:9198 1:668–669 Build Bureau of Veterinary British Journal of actuarial health studies, Medicine, FDA, 4:2259 Psychology, 1:668 1:28, 31, 32 Burkholder’s inequality British Journal of Statistical Build and Blood Pressure and martingales, 7:4572 Psychology, 1:668 Study 1959, 1:31, 32 Burn-in, 1:678 British Medical Journal, Building Permits Surveys, Burr distributions, 7:4726 14:8913 1:678–682 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9253

Burr system probability assessment, Cancer of frequency curves 1:243 actuarial health studies, estimation, 4:2519, 2520 reference standards, 1:31 Burr Tobit model, 2:694–695 and disease specific 13:8641–8642 traceability, 14:8687 mortality, 1:238–239 Burr type III curve, Calibration curves, flowgraph model fro, 4:2521–2522 2:695–696 4:2413 Burr type IXII curve, California State Department human radiation hazards, 4:2521–2522 of Public Health 3:2018–2020 Business and Economics record linkage and Cancer stochastic models, section, American matching systems, 2:702–714 Statistical Association, 10:6992 Candidate transfer 1:122, 6:3767 CALLPLAN, 7:4506 probability matrix, Business cycle variation, in Calories consumed 3:1894 X-11 method, 15:9198 death-rate correlation Canned programs, uses of Business forecasting coefficients for certain inappropriate, methods, 1:683–691 factors, 3:2027 2:1159–1160 Butler-Smirnov test of Cambridge, Mass. Canonical analysis, symmetry, transferable vote system 2:717–727, 8:5153–5154 13:8499–8502 used in, 3:1893 and component analysis, Butterflies Campbell, D. T. and Stanley, 2:1140 rarefaction curves, 10:6952 education applications, J. C. (1966). Buys-Ballot table, 9:6068. 3:1872 Experimental and See Time series interpretation, Quasi-Experimental 2:722–726 Designs for Research three or more sets of C++, 12:8892–8893 key experimental design variables, 2:726–727 Cableman’s criterion, 2:758 text, 3:1665 two sets of variables, Cacoullos-type inequalities, summary of subject 2:718–726 5:3448–3450 coverage, 3:1671 Canonical basis, Calculus of finite differences, Campbell-Fiske 1:372 4:2327–2328 requirements Calculus of Probabilities Canonical birthday problem, and multitrait- (Markov), 7:4516 2:1061–1062 multimethod matrices, Calcutta Statistical Canonical correlation, 8:5140–5142 Association, 2:693 8:5153, 11:7031 Camp-Meidell inequality, Calcutta Statistical for marketing studies, 2:700 Association Bulletin, 7:4500 and three-sigma (3σ)rule, 2:693 Canonical correlation CALIB program, 1:223 13:8603 analysis. See Canonical Calibration, 2:693–700 and unimodality, 14:8868 analysis elicitation evaluation, Canada Canonical correspondence 3:1901–1902 heart disease analysis, 2:728–734 forecasting, 15:9132–9134 epidemiological interpretation, 2:731–734 instruments, 2:696 statistics, 3:2025 Canonical ensemble, linear, 2:698–699 HIV spread, 1:87, 91 6:4042 measurement controls, Canadian Journal of Canonical resolutions, in 2:696–697 Statistics, 2:701–702 Bayes linear analysis, multivariate, 2:699 Canadian Statistical Society, 1:389 multivariate in 2:701 Canonical scores. See chemometrics, CANCEIS Canonical analysis 2:875–878 data imputation Canonical sufficient statistic, nonlinear, 2:699–700 application, 3:1867 15:9213 9254 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Canonical variables, 2:717, single recapture for closed Cars 8:5153 population, 2:743–745 ridit analysis for belted threeormoresetsof, two samples, 2:749–750 and unbelted injurity 2:726–727 in wildlife sampling, severity in crash, two sets of, 2:717–726 15:9165 11:7283 Canonical variate analysis Carcinogenesis, 2:702–703 CART (Classification and and component analysis, mixed models, 2:707–708 Regression Trees), 2:1139, 1140 multiple pathway models, 2:1152–1154, 14:8719 Cantelli, Francesco Paolo, 2:706–707 computer-intensive 2:734–737 observation model, method, 2:1149 Cantelli’s inequality, 2:713–714 and model selection, 2:737–738 single pathway models, 4:2309 Cantelli’s strong law of large 2:704–706 CART (recursive numbers, 2:736 state space models, 2:712 partitioning), 11:7011 Cantor set, 4:2475 stochastic modeling, Case-control trials, 7:4722 Cantor-type distributions, 2:703–704 Case-weight perturbations, 2:738–739 stochastic modeling by 7:4322 Capability, 2:739–742 stochastic differential Casino games, 4:2609–2610, Capability indices, equations, 2:710–713 2612 2:739–741 stochastic modeling using Castaneda v. Partida, 6:4090 multivariate, 2:742 Marvov theories, Castillo-Galambos functional equation, 2:759 Capability range, 2:739 2:708–710 Catana sampling, 15:9032 Capability study, 2:740 Cardano, Gerolamo, Catastrophe theory, Capture-Recapture 2:754–758 2:759–762 distributions, 4:2230 axioms of probability, Catch-effort method, 1:164 Capital budgeting 1:329 in wildlife sampling, risk management, and history of probability, 15:9166 11:7285–7286 10:6469 Catch equation, 4:2338 Capital embodied Cardano’s rule, 2:757 Categorical data, 2:762–767 technological changes, Card counting, 1:602 Freeman-Tukey test, Card games, 4:2612–2613 10:6529 4:2514–2515 Capon test of scale, Cardiac fluoroscopy, 6:3684 Goodman-Kruskal tau and 11:7449–7451 Cardiac transplantation gamma, 4:2867–2869 Capture-mark-recapture weighted distribution marginal models for, method, 1:161, 163–164, application, 15:9111 2:768–775 165 Car-following theory, subjective, 2:776 Capture-recapture methods, 14:8692 transition (Markov) 2:743–752 Caribou models, 14:8713 and change-in-ratio distribution studies, 1:163 in trellis displays, estimators, 2:826 sampling, 15:9164 14:8724–8725 to document census Carnap’s theory of use in animal studies, undercount, 15:9165 probability. See 1:162 heterogeneity, 2:750–751, Confirmation, degree of Cattell’s scree test, 15:9033 752 Carpenters Cauchy, Augustin-Louis, multiple recapture for Employment Cost Index 2:776–778 closed population, data, 3:1980 controversy with 2:745–746, 750 Carriers, 2:758 Bienayme,´ 1:488 multiple recapture for Carroll-Lombards’ estimator, Cauchy distribution, open population, 1:513, 525–526 2:778–779 2:746–748, 751–752 Carry-over effect, 2:758 arithmetic mean, 1:231, open-population models, clinical trials, 2:985 232 2:751–752 crossover trials, 2:1447 outlier resistance, 9:5890 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9255

Watson’s U2 test for, Cell probabilities, 7:4281 Censoring of observations, 15:9041 Cement heat evolution 1:556 wrapped-up, continuum regression Censoring on the left, 2:794, 15:9196–9197 studies, 2:1343–1344 795, 804 Censored data, 2:794–797. Cauchy functional equation Censoring on the right, and almost-lack-of- See also Truncation 2:794, 795, 804 memory (ALM) in astronomy, 1:254 Censoring tests, distributions, 1:120 biometric functions, 1:550 Cauchy functions, 2:779 difference of means test, 13:8585–8586 Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, 3:1687–1688 Census, 2:805–809 2:779–780, 5:3191 in difference of means test, area sampling application, Cauchy sequence. See 3:1687–1688 1:228, 229 Exchangeability goodness of fit, 4:2884 Bureau of the Census, Cauchy’s interpolation and Kaplan-Meier 14:8902–8915 method for regression estimator, 6:3802 classification and coding, lines, 11:7069–7070 Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon 2:808 Causal chain systems, statistic, 7:4477 editing, 2:808–809 4:2390 missing data constrasted, Causal diagrams 2:794 question-wording effects in epidemiological statistics, progressively censored surveys, 10:6771 3:2030 data analysis, undercount in the U.S. Causal estimation, 10:6549–6552 decennial, 2:789–790 rationality criterion, 14:8829–8831 Causal models 10:6985 Census enumerator training, for marketing studies, tests of uniformity based 2:807–808 on, 14:8862 7:4501 Census forecasting model, multiple indicator and truncation, 14:8775 4:2430 approach, 8:5091–5095 TTT plots with, 14:8677 Causal Ordering and Censored linear Census mapping, 2:807 Identifiability (Simon), error-in-variables model, Census of 1790, 14:8904 2:782 2:801 Census of 1800, 14:8904 Causation, 2:780–792 Censored linear regression Census of 1810, 14:8904 correlation contrasted, models, 2:800–803 Census of 1820, 14:8904 2:780, 4:2237 and Burr Tobit model, Census of 1830, and regression, 2:790–791 13:8641 14:8904–8905 Causes, 1:245, 2:780 Censored rank order Census of 1840, 14:8905 Cause-specific hazard statistics, 10:6930 Census of 1850, 14:8905 function, 2:1123 Censored regression model. Census of 1860, 14:8905 c Charts, 2:794, 1350 See Limited dependent CDC. See Centers for variables models Census of 1870, 14:8905 Disease Control and Censored-sample life tests, Census of 1880, 14:8905 Prevention (CDC) 6:4159 Census of 1890, 14:8905 Celestial mechanics, 1:252, type I censoring, 6:4160 Census of 1900, 14:8905 12:8024 type II censoring, Census of 1910, 14:8905 Cell bound, 1:299 6:4160–4161 Census of 1920, Cell cycle analysis Censoring, 2:804–805 14:8905–8906 weighted distribution counting processes, 2:1406 Census of 1930, 14:8906 application, 15:9110 indirect, 2:805 Census of 1940, 14:8906 Cell isolates random, 2:805 triangular contingency trimmed and Winsorized Census of 1950, 14:8906 tables, 14:8757 means tests, 14:8764 Census of 1960, 14:8906 Cell means model. See truncation contrasted, Census of 1970, General linear model 2:795, 804 14:8906–8907 9256 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Census of 1980, 14:8907 Central limit theorem, CHAID (chi-square dispute over undercount, 6:4183–4187 automatic interaction 14:8831 and arithmetic mean detection) technique, Census of 1990, 14:8907 asymptotic behavior, 1:303, 304–307 adjustment for 1:232 for marketing studies, undercount, 14:8831 remainder term, 1:270 7:4500 dispute over undercount, and U-statistics, Chain index numbers. See 14:8831 14:8920–8921 Index numbers Census of 2000, 14:8907 Central limit theorems Chaining Census of Agriculture, convergence rates for, in archaeology studies, 1:73 2:810–811 1:218 Census of Population, functional, 1:273–274 Chain letters, 10:6648 14:8903, 8909 and longest runs, as Markov chains, Census of Population and 2:1059–1060 10:6649–6650 Housing, 14:8903, multidimensional, Chain majorized, 7:4453 8904–8907, 8909 8:5018–5020 Chain multinomial model Census publication, 2:809 sums of independent HIV spread, 1:88–90 Census tabulations, 2:809 random variables, Chain of binomial Census timing, 2:808 1:269–270 distributions Reed-Frost model, Centered L2-discrepancy, Central matric-t distribution, 14:8843 7:4599 11:7035 Chain-of-bundles model Centered studentized Central moments, 2:811 load-sharing systems, maximal distributions, Central product moment, 7:4311 13:8366 10:6531 Chain of cliques, 7:4536 Centered studentized Central rate, 10:6960 Chain rule factorization, maximum, 13:8366 Central statistic, 2:812–813 1:425 Centered studentized Central Statistical Office, Chain sampling, 2:815–816 maximum modulus, 12:8065 Chain sampling plans, 13:8366 Central Wishart 1:25 Centers for Disease Control distribution, 15:9185 Chakrabarti, M. C. (1962). Cepstral correlations, and Prevention (CDC) Mathematics of risk management, 15:9140 Designing and Analysis 11:7289 Ceramics of Experiments statistics at, compositional key experimental design 12:8122–8125 investigation in text, 3:1665 Centiles, 9:6054 archaeology, 1:222 summary of subject Central banks, 1:361 typology in archaeology, coverage, 3:1671 Central composite designs, 1:217, 222, 225 Chakrabarti’s measure of 2:1142–1145 Ceres, discovered using design imbalance, Central difference, 4:2327 Bode’s law, 1:612 3:1663 Central difference Ceres plots, 2:813–815 Champernowne distribution, interpolation formula, Certified Quality Engineer, 2:816 Everett’s, 2:810 1:122 Chance, 2:816–824 Central difference operator Certified Quality Manager, Chance, 1:124 Delta operator and 1:122 Chance-constrained poweroid, 9:6315 Certified Quality Technician, programming, 7:4595 Central factorial, 4:2328 1:122 Change-in-ratio estimators, Central form, 10:6657 Certified Reliability 1:164, 2:824–827 Centrality, 2:812 Engineer, 1:122 abd capture-recapture Central limit effect Certified Reliability methods, 2:826 and multivariate analysis, Technician, 1:122 in wildlife sampling, 8:5144 Cesaro averaging, 3:2052 15:9165–9166 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9257

Changeover designs, Characteristic roots Chebyshev’s other inequality 2:828–831 component analysis, Kimball’s inequality clinical trials, 2:985 2:1138 derived from, Change-point analysis, Characterizations of 6:3849–3850 2:832–838 distributions, 2:856–861 Chemical rank, 2:1342 autocorrelated data, Charlier distribution, Chemistry, statistical 2:837–838 2:862 methods in, 2:868–871 ill-specified changes, Charlier (series) Chemometrics, 2:871–878 2:835–836 distributions, discrete, Chen-Dixon test, 14:8769 multiple abrupt changes, 2:862–863 Chernoff efficiency, 1:339, 2:834–835 Charlier polynomials 341 robust tests for, bivariate Poisson Chernoff faces, 2:880–882 11:7334–7337 distribution, 1:585 in Andrews plots, single abrupt changes, Charlier’s A-series, 1:199 1:156–157 2:834 CHARN model, 2:864 Chernoff inequality, stochastic change models, Chatterjee test. See Bivariate 2:883 2:836–837 sign test, Bennett’s Chernoff-Lehmann theorem, Changepoint problem, Chauvenet’s criterion for 2:916 2:839–843 outlier rejection, Chernoff-Savage theorem, ‘‘Changes in average wages 9:5887–5888 2:884–888 in the United Kingdom Chebyshev (Tchebichef),´ Chernoff-Savage trend tests, Pafnuty Lvovich, 14:8749 between 1860 and 1891’’ 2:864–866 Chernoff theorem, 2:884, (Bowley), 1:634 and St. Petersburg school 8:5190 Changing shape and scale of probability, Chew, Victor, ed. (1958). model 13:8322–8325 Experimental Designs in in accelerated life testing, Chebyshev-Hermite Industry 1:20 polynomials, 2:865, 867, key experimental design Channel networks, 5:3119 text, 3:1665 10:6799–6803 and asymptotic summary of subject stochastic models, expansions, 1:259, 260 coverage, 3:1671 10:6803–6806 Chebyshev-Markov Chi-bar-square distributions, Chaos, 844084 inequalities 2:889–892 Chaos expansion, 2:844 and Zelen’s inequalities, Chibisov-O’Reilly function, Chapin, F. S. (1955). 15:9219 10:6715–6718 Experimental Designs in Chebyshev norm Chi distribution, 2:893–894 Sociological Research approximations to Children key experimental design mathematical functions, epidemiological studies of text, 3:1665 7:4588 blood lead in inner city, summary of subject Chebyshev polynomials 3:2031 coverage, 3:1671 approximations to, Chilton, N. W. (1967). Design Chapman-Kolmogorov 7:4589 and Analysis in Dental equation, 2:849–850 curve fitting, 2:1499–1500 and Oral Research and diffusion processes, and Jacobi polynomials, key experimental design 3:1694 6:3734 text, 3:1665 Characteristic functional, Chebyshev’s inequality, summary of subject 1:575 2:867–868, 10:6473 coverage, 3:1671 Characteristic functions, and arithmetic mean, China 2:850–855, 4:2750, 1:232 agricultural surveys in, 10:6494 and unimodality, 1:72, 78 applied probability 14:8868–8869 population projection, studies, 1:188 Chebyshev’s law of large 9:6289 Van Dantzig class of, 2:856 numbers, 6:3979 Chinese abacus, 1:1 9258 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Chi-square, partition of. See tests of uniformity, Civil service testing Deviance, analysis of; 14:8862 origin in China, 10:6609 Partition of chi squares Choice axiom, Luce’s, Classical discrete Chi-square automatic 2:937–940 distributions, interaction detection Choices generalizations of, (CHAID) technique, and utility theory, 14:8925 2:950–962 1:303, 304–307 Choice sets Classical estimation, Chi-square distribution, and Pareto optimality, 3:2078–2086 2:894–896 9:5941–5942 Classical Heisenberg model, arithmetic mean, 1:231 Cholera 6:4044 traffic problem epidemiological statistics, Classical mechanics, 10:6727 applications, 14:8691 3:2016, 2029 and quantum mechanics, Wishart distribution as Cholesterol level 10:6727 generalization of, correlation studies, 2:1391 Classical multidimensional 15:9184–9185, 9186 heart disease scaling, 8:5027–5029 Yarnold’s criterion used epidemiological Classical predictor, 2:698 with, 15:9207–9208 statistics, 3:2025 Classical variance zero degrees of freedom, prospective studies, components, 14:8965 15:9219–9220 10:6580 Classical view of probability Chi-square tests, 1:515, Chord assessment, 1:242 2:894–896, 897, Markvov networks, 1:537 Classification, 2:966–979 897–909, 897–920, Chordal graph cluster analysis, 2:999 912–920, 912–921 Markvov networks, 7:4537 Landsat crop estimation, archaeology application, Chromosomes, genetic 2:1440 1:217–218 linkage, 7:4281, 4283 linguistics statistics, decision rule, 10:6644 Chung processes, 2:941–944 7:4276 Farrington’s modified, Chuprov (Tschuprow), mathematical 9:6034–6036 Alexander programming, generalized, 2:922 Alexandrovich, 7:4593–4594 and generalized 2:944–946 Classification and omega-square statistic, γ -Chymotripsin, x-ray Regression Trees. See 4:2730 structure, 2:1459 Cart (Classification and likelihood model sampling, Cigarette smoking. See Regression Trees) 2:904–909 Smoking Classification Literature normal probability model Circle Automated Search sampling, 2:898–900 tests of uniformity on, Service, 2:999 numerical examples, 14:8862–8863 Classification problem 2:922–936 Circular coverage function. multivariate binary data, ordered contingency See Target coverage 1:492–493 tables, 2:1303, 1305 Circular data Classification ratemaking parametrical families, Hodges-Ajne test for, 2:947 in actuarial science, 2:914–920 Rao’s spacing test for, 1:34–35 randomization model 2:947–948 Classification trees, sampling, 2:900–904 Circular distributions. See 2:978–979 and Rao and Scott type Directional distributions Clean Air Act tests, 10:6938 Circular normal density and risk management, simple hypothesis, function, 2:1312 11:7288 2:912–914 Circular normal distribution, CLEAN algorithm, 1:256 structural relationships 2:949 Clearance number, in between types, Circular probable error, continuous sampling 2:919–920 2:949 plans, 2:1341 tests of randomness, Citizen population ratio C-L estimator, 1:513, 2:930–933 variance, 14:8856 525–526 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9259

Clients single recapture methods, Cluster randomization, assistance to help 2:743–745 2:1009–1019 understand the two-types, one removal cluster-level analysis, relationship, 10:6418 change-in-ratio 2:1014–1015 Cliff-Ord test of spatial estimator, 2:825–826 individual-level analysis, independence, Closeness of estimators, 2:1015–1016 12:7885–7888 2:998 meta-analysis, Climate Cloud cover 2:1018–1019 epidemiological statistics, crop estimation with repeated assessments, 3:2018 satellite data, 2:1016–1017 Climate change, 1:294–296 2:1442–1443 study reporting, Climatological background, Cloud seeding, 2:1017–1018 1:292 15:9073–9078 Clusters Climatology, 1:292 and atmospheric statistics, Andrews plots for Climax I and II cloud seeding 1:291 detecting, 1:156 studies (Colorado), Climax I and II studies Cluster sampling, 15:9081–9082 (Colorado), 2:1020–1022 Clinical population 15:9081–9082 marketing, 7:4498 prospective studies, FACE-1 (Florida Area CLUSTERS program, World 10:6580 Cumulus Experiments), Fertility Survey, 9:6294 Clinical trials, 1:555, 15:9082–9083 CMM 2:981–995, 7:4721–4722 FACE-2 (Florida Area data imputation FDA statistical programs, Cumulus Experiments), application, 3:1867 4:2264–2265 15:9083–9084 Coal miners interim result monitoring, HIPLEX-1 experiment, epidemiological studies in 2:993–994 15:9084 Rhondda Fach, 3:2017 interpretation, 2:988 Israel cloud studies, Coarse data, 2:1023–1024 meta-analysis, 2:995–996 15:9080–9081 COBOL multiple testing in, Santa Clara County algorithm specification, 8:5111–5116 studies, 15:9079 1:109 progressive censoring CLUSTAN package Cochran, W. G. and Cox, G. schemes, 10:6546–6549 quality assessment for, includes Ward’s clustering M. (1957). Experimental 10:6661–6668 algorithm, 15:9034 Designs subset analysis, 2:994–995 Cluster analysis, 2:999–1002 key experimental design Zelen’s randomized, 2:998 in archaeology, 1:218 text, 3:1666 Clipping, 2:998 in astronomy, 1:254–255 summary of subject Clique, 7:4536, 12:7847 and component analysis, coverage, 3:1671 Clisy, 2:998 2:1139 Cochran, William Gemmell, Clisy curve, 2:998 graph-theoretic, 2:1027–1028 Clisy surface, 2:998 2:1004–1008 Cochrane Collaboration, Clonal expansion models, of ultrametric application, 7:4723 carcinogenesis, 2:706 14:8812 Cochrane-Orcutt iterative Clopper-Pearson interval, Clustered point process procedure 1:506 models iterated maximum Clopper-Pearson interval rainfall, 10:6797, 6798 likelihood estimates, estimation for binomial Clustered samples 6:3717 parameter, 1:528 primary sampling unit, use with Hildreth-Lu Closed-form Bartlett 10:6399 scanning method, adjustments, 1:367 Clustering 1:309, 310 Closed population finite population sampling, Cochrane’s (test) statistic. multiple recapture 4:2331 See Editing statistical methods, 2:745–746, 750 master samples, 7:4576 data 9260 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Cochran’s C0 statistic, Coefficient of validity, Collected Algorithms of the 2:1024–1025 14:8939 Association of Cochran’s Q-statistic for Coefficient of variation, Computing Machinery, proportions, 2:1031–1034 1:110 10:6577–6579 approximations to Collinearity, 8:5014. See and quasi-symmetry, distributions, 1:193 Multicollinearity 10:6765 Coherence, 2:1035–1041 data ill conditioning, Cochran’s rule for minimum and conditional 2:1238–1242 sample size, probability, and regularized 7:4831–4832 2:1209–1211 regression, 2:1342 Cochran’s test for and confidence intervals, and weak data, 15:9067, homogeneity of 2:1250 9068 variances, 5:3213 distributional inference, Collinearity indices Cochran’s theorem, 3:1791 conditioning diagnostics, 2:1025–1026, 1028 elicitation evaluation, 2:1239 and quadratic forms, 3:1901 Collinearity test, 10:6657 in probability assessment, Farrar-Glauber, Coded data, 2:1028–1029 1:242–243 2:1072–1074 Coding theorem, 2:1029 and quality concept, Colon cancer, 2:704–705, 706, 707, 709 Coefficient of alienation (A), 10:6675, 6676 Colorado Climax I and II 2:1029 Coherent capacities, 10:6466 cloud seeding studies, Coefficient of colligation Coherent statistical 15:9081–9082 (Yule’s Y), 15:9218 inference, 2:1039–1041 Colton’s loss function, and tetrachoric correlation Coherent structure theory, 7:4426–4427 coefficient, 13:8589 2:1041–1046 Combination of data, Coefficient of community, and fault tree analysis, 2:1074–1081 8:5043 4:2253 Combinatorial probability Coefficient of concordance, Coherent upper and lower theory 2:1189 probabilities, 1:437 and Banach’s match-box as agreement measure, Cohort analysis, 1:553, problem, 1:358 1:70 2:1046–1052 Combinatorics, 2:1081–1086 Coefficient of contingency. Cohort life tables, 6:4156 Committee of Law and See Pearson’s coefficient Cohort sampling. See Justics Statistics, of contingency Countermatched American Statistical Coefficient of determination, sampling; Nested Association, 1:123 2:1029, 8:5076, 5079 case-control sampling Committee on National estimation of, Cohort studies, 10:6580 Statistics, 8:5392–5393 2:1029–1030 Coincidences and patterns in Commonality, 2:1087 Coefficient of dispersion, sequences, 2:1053–1068 Commonality analysis, 14:8856 Coincident indicator, 6:4100 2:1087–1088 Coefficient of proportional Cointegration, 2:1069–1071 Common factors similarity, 2:1403 Coin toss in factor analysis, 8:5151, Coefficient of quartile sequence convergence, 5152 deviation, 10:6743 2:1354 Common information, 1:105 Coefficient of reversion, waiting times for success Common principal 11:7271 runs, 2:1054–1057 component model, Coefficient of skewness, Cold deck method, 3:1866 10:6401 4:2377 Coleman index, 14:8858 Commonsense data scrutiny, Coefficient of truncation, Collapsibility of 1:115 14:8773 multidimensional Communications Coefficient of uncertainty, contingency tables, wavelet application, 14:8823 8:5024–5025 15:9042 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9261

Communications and radar, Complete class theorems, Composite hypotheses detection in, 15:9023–9024 profile-a tests, 10:6541 2:1097–1108 Complete decision rule, Composite hypothesis, Communications in Statistics 15:9023 2:1146 algorithms published in, Completed length of service Composite materials 1:110 distribution, 7:4479 load-sharing systems, Communications in Complete factorial, 4:2487 7:4311 Statistics, Series C, Complete linkage, Composite outcomes 11:7614 2:1006–1007 and assessment bias, Communications in Complete linkage clustering, 1:239 Statistics—Stochastic 2:970 Compositional data, Completely convergent, Models, 13:8260 2:1146–1147 2:1356–1357 Communication theory, Compound density, 3:1890, Completeness, 2:1128–1129 statistical, 2:1088–1096 7:4880 and admissibility, 1:54 Community, 10:6543 Compound density function, Complete preorder, 14:8926 Community diagnosis, 1:556 3:1890, 7:4880 Community Intervention Complete-sample life tests, 6:4159 Compound distribution, Trial for Smoking 2:1147 Cessation (COMMIT), Complete set of nodes, 7:4536 Complete symmetry Compounded distribution, 2:1010 2:1147 Commutation matrix, 9:6073 and quasi-symmetry, 10:6762–6763 Compounding, 2:950 Commutative law for Complete Trojan squares, Compounding distribution, propositions, 1:328 14:8772 2:1147 Compact derivative. See Complex demodulation, Compound matrices, Statistical functionals 12:7919 2:1147 Comparability, Complex Fourier transform, Compound multinomial 10:6675–6676 5:3569, 3572–3573 distribution, 8:5036 Companion matrices, 7:4607 Complex functions Compound negative Comparisons with a control, wavelet applications, multinomial 2:1109–1116 15:9042 distribution, 8:5039 Comparative Statistics of Complex Hilbert spaces, Russian and Compound Poisson process, 11:7208 9:6204 Western-European Complexity, 2:1129–1132 States (Yanson), 15:9207 wear, 15:9070 Complex-valued matrices, Comprehensive PERL Compartment models, 7:4597–4598 stochastic, 2:1118–1122 archive network Compliance, all-or-none, (CPAN), 12:8093 Compatibility of probability 2:1133–1135 Compromise programming, densities, 10:6444–6445 Component analysis, 8:5082 Competing dependencies, 2:1136–1140 Computation 2:1242 Component densities, 3:1890 Bayesian forecasting, Competing risks, Component linear dynamic 2:1122–1127 Bayesian models, 1:407 Competitive bidding 1:403–404 Computational geometry, Bayesian forecasting, Components of variance. See 9:5921 1:401 Variance components Computational linear Complementary events, Components of variance algebra, 6:4192–4203 2:1128 model Computational Statistics and Complementing arc, fault as Model II, 8:4929 Data Analysis (CSDA), tree analysis, 4:2253 Composite correlation 2:1148–1149 Complete additivity, 1:332 coefficient, 2:1387 Computer-assisted personal Complete ascertainment, Composite design, interviewing (CAPI), 1:235 2:1140–1145 2:1478, 1483 9262 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Computer-assisted statistical Concave and log-concave Conditional expectation, inference distributions, 2:1220–1229 multivariate Bayesian 2:1173–1176 given an event, 2:1221 analysis application, Concentration curve and given random variable or a 8:5160 index, Zenga’s, -field, 2:1224–1228 Computer-assisted telephone 2:1177–1180 properties of, 2:1225 interviewing (CATI), Concentration curve and Conditional expected 10:6625, 6626 ratio, 2:1181 decision, 2:1200 Current Population Concentration curves Conditional expected value, Survey, 2:1478–1479, Lorenz curve application, 13:8586 1483–1484 7:4424–4425 Conditional forecasts, Computer assisted telephone Concentration function, 1:687–688 surveys, 13:8560–8562 2:1181 Conditional generalized Computer data safeguarding, Concentration function and linear Markov model, 1:555 scatter function, 2:1181 14:8711–8712 Computer generation of Concentration index, Conditional heteroscedastic random variables, Bonferroni, autoregressive nonlinear 4:2752–2761 2:1182–1186 (CHARN) model, Computer-intensive Concentration parameter. 2:864 statistical methods, See Directional Conditional 2:1149–1156 distribution heteroscedasticity Computer Journal, The Concentration ratio, financial time series, algorithms published in, 2:1186 4:2317 1:110 Concept maps Conditional independence, Computer programs epidemiological statistics, 2:1191–1197, 1226 round-off error, 11:7363 3:2030 and Basu’s theorems, Computers and statistics, Concomitants of order 1:375–377 2:1157–1164 statistics, 10:6929 Conditional inference, computer’s impact on Concomitant variables, 2:1199–1204 analysis, 10:6510 2:1186–1189 Conditional information, data editing applications, Concordance, coefficient of, 1:104–105 3:1862 2:1189 Conditional inverse. See impact on model building, Concordance correlation Generalized inverses 2:1163–1164 coefficients, 2:1190 Conditionality principle, Markov process CONDENSATION 2:1229–1230 applications, 7:4557 algorithm, 2:1166 and ancillary statistics, uncritical relianc on, Conditional average delay 1:145–146 4:2239 time, 7:4675 Conditional likelihood, use in consulting, Conditional complexity, 1:151–152, 10:6589 2:1290–1291 2:1130 Rasch model for Computer simulation. See Conditional confidence estimation, also Markov chains; regions, 2:1252 10:6957–6958 Monte Carlo methods Conditional correlation, Conditional local correlation, best models for, 14:8842 9:5943 2:1389 process optimization, Conditional coverage Conditional log-rank 2:1162–1163 probabilities, 2:1259 statistic, 7:4399–4400 Computer time sharing, Conditional death Conditionally conjugate 10:6427 probability, 10:6961 priors, 2:1235–1236 Computer vision Conditional distribution, Conditionally efficient statistics in, 2:1164–1172 2:1237, 8:5036 forecasts, 1:691 wavelet application, ancillary statistics, Conditionally normal 15:9042 1:142–146, 149 distributions, 1:597 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9263

Conditionally specified and nonlinearities, Confidence intervals and models, 2:1230–1236 2:1242–1243 regions, 2:1246–1252 Conditional moments and weak data, 15:9067 Confidence level ARCH models, 1:212–213 Conditioning principle, for ß-content tolerance and partial moments, 2:1203 region, 14:8645 8:4949 Conditioning variables, in Confidence methods Conditional pivots trellis displays, 14:8722 logic of, 7:4367–4368 and fiducial inference, Conditions, 4:2383 Confidence regions, 4:2298–2299 Condorcet winner, 14:9010 2:1246–1252, Conditional power Conference Board of the 1249–1252 flexible designs, Mathematical Sciences, choosing between possible, 4:2400–2401 1:123 2:1249–1250 Conditional probability, Conference of European Confidence sets 2:1205–1218, 11:7466 Statisticians, 8055 admissibility, 1:51 axioms in terms of, Confidence bands, 2:1243 and weak convergence, 1:332–333 Kaplan-Meier estimator, 15:9066 and expectation, 6:3812 Confidentiality 2:1220–1229 Working-Hotelling-Scheffe,´ census, 2:806 given an event, 2:1221 2:1244–1246, 8:5062 of records, 1:555 given random variable or a Confidence belt, 2:1248 Configural polysampling, -field, 2:1224–1228 Confidence coefficient, 1:528, 2:1258–1262 infinite case, 2:1215–1218 12:7748 Configuration, 2:1263 notation, 1:327 Confidence intervals, Confirmation, degree of, Conditional probability and 2:1246–1252 2:1263 expectation, admissibility, 1:51 Confirmatory data analysis. 2:1220–1229 based on single statistic, See Exploratory data Conditional probability 2:1247–1248 analysis distributions criticisms of theory, Confluence analysis in Bayesian networks, 2:1250–1251 regression, 1:425–426 and degrees of belief, 1:458 11:7053–70545 structure invariants in discrete distributions, Confluent hypergeometric x-ray crystallography, 2:1248–1249 function. See 15:9201–9206 fiducial distributions, Hypergeometric function Conditional probability 4:2293–2294 Confluent hypergeometric generating function, and fiducial inference, function of the first kind, 1:581–582 4:2297–2298 5:3289 Conditional probability fixed-width and Confluent hypergeometric integral bounded-length, functions, 5:3289, 3291 transformations, 2:1253–1257 Confounded designs, 4:2488 10:6477–6480 Kaplan-Meier estimator, Confounding, 2:1263–1269 Conditional trapezoidal-type 6:3812 fractional factorials, distribution, 14:8716 practical statistics, 2:1265–1266 Conditioning, 2:1237 2:1250–1251 pN factorials when P is odd D-Conditioning, 3:2117 sample from nonnormal prime, 2:1265 Conditioning diagnostics, distribution, 2N factorials, 2:1264–1265 2:1237–1243 14:8974–8975 Confounding factor, 10:6962 example of collinearity sample from normal Confounding variables, (data ill conditioning), distribution, 14:8956 2:1238–1239 14:8973–8974 Confusion matrix, 2:1270 methods for diagnosing simultaneous, comparisons Congestion, in traffic flow, collinearity (data ill with a control, 2:1111 14:8691–8692 conditioning), for variance components, Congestion theory. See 2:1239–1242 14:8962–8967 Queueing theory 9264 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Conglomerability, 2:1038 CONSORT statement, Contamination Conical alternatives, 10:6664–6668 and mixture distributions, 2:1270–1272 Constant false alarm rate 7:4891 Conjoint analysis. See (CFAR) detection, Contamination Marketing 2:1107–1108 neighborhood, 7:4622 marketing applications, Constant stresses Contiguity, 2:1298–1299 7:4499–4500 in accelerated life testing, Contiguous sequence, 2:1298 for marketing studies, 1:11 Contingency tables 7:4505–4506 Constrained control scheme, Diaconis-Efron conditional Conjoint analysis, 4:2280 volume test, hierarchical, Constrained mixture 2:1300–1302 2:1273–1274 experiments, Iterative proportional Conjugate, 7:4597 7:4875–4879 fitting, 6:3723–3726 Conjugate distributions, Constrained randomization, log-linear models in, 3:2064 10:6840–6844 7:4386–4393 Conjugate families of Constraint functions multidimensional, distributions, mathematical 8:5020–5023 2:1274–1283 programming, 7:4593 collapsibility of, Conjugate families of prior Construction Spending 8:5024–5025 distributions Report, 14:8914 ordered, 2:1302–1306 and decision theory, 3:1562 Constructive quantum field Smith’s test of Conjugate prior distribution, theory, 10:6741 independence in, 10:6425, 14:8656 Consul distribution, 12:7807 Conjugate ranking, 2:1284 6:3955 trend tests, 14:8753–8754 Conjugate transpose, 7:4597 Consul’s urn model, triangular, 14:8755–8759 Conjugate utilities, 2:1281 14:8899–8900 triangular plots, Conjunction fallacy Consulting, statistical, 14:8760–8761 and elicitation, 3:1900 2:1286–1293 Weiss test of Conjunction of propositions, Consumer Expenditure independence, 15:9123 1:328 Survey, 14:8910 zeros in, 2:1306 Connected graph, 3:1598 Consumer perceptions, Continuity corrections, Connectedness, 3:2066 7:4503–4504 Connections, in differential Consumer preferences, 2:1307–1309 geometry, 3:1690–1691 7:4503–4504 Dandekar’s, 2:1307 Connection strings, Consumer Price Index (CPI), Continuity-of-care index, 12:8009–8010 2:1294–1295 14:8924 Conover’s squared-rank test, and Employment Cost Continuity theorem for 12:7961 Index, 3:1979 moment generating Consensual matrices, labor statistics, 6:3919 functions, 4:2751 2:1284–1285 Consumer’s quality level, Continuity theorem for Conservative statistical 1:24 probability generating procedures, 12:8072 Consumer’s risk (of functions, 4:2749 Consistency, 2:1285 acceptance) Continuous concomitant Consistency condition, and acceptance sampling, variables, 2:1187 discrete processes, 1:24 Continuous data 10:6515 and Dodge-Romig lot assimilation Consistency edit, 3:1863 tolerance tables, 7:4427 atmospheric statistics, Consistent estimator, 2:1285 Contagion faible, 14:8897 1:293 Consistent test of Contagion forte, 14:8897 Continuous distributions hypothesis, 2:1285 Contagious distributions, record times, Consistent tests, 14:8797 2:1295–1297 10:6997–6998 Consonance interval, and urn models, Continuously compounded 2:1285–1286 14:8894–8895 return, 4:2316 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9265

Continuous multivariate comparisons with, Cooperative behavior distributions, 2:1109–1116 lattice systems, 6:4043 2:1310–1333 Control variable swindle, Copenhagen quantum Continuous parameter 8:4987 mechanics, 10:6730 Markov random fields, Convergence, 10:6494–6495 Cophenetic matrix, 2:1359 7:4563–4564 Markov chain Monte Carlo Co-plots, in trellis displays, Continuous parameter algorithms, 7:4520 14:8721–8722 martingales, 7:4573 moment generating Copula function, 2:1363 Continuous quality functions, 4:2750, 2751 Copula process, improvement, 14:8672 probability generating Archimedean, Continuous rectangular functions, 4:2749–2750 2:1359–1362 distribution, Convergence, strong, 2:1355 records in, 10:7004 14:8852–8853 Convergence, weak, 2:1355 Copulas, 2:1363–1366, Continuous responses, Convergence almost surely, 10:6746–6747 transition (Markov) 6:4187 elliptical, 2:1367 models, 14:8712 Convergence in distribution, Gaussian, 2:1368 Continuous sampling Bernstein’s lemma, and measures of inspection 2:1353 dependence, moving sums (mosum), Convergence in law, 2:1356, 2:1365–1366 8:5010–5011 15:9065 Corn Continuous sampling plans, Convergence in rth mean, agricultural surveys, 1:77, 2:1355–1356 78 1:25, 2:1340–1341 Convergence in the sense of Cornell, J. A. (1981). Continuous-time matched probability theory Experiments with filter, 2:1100–1101 (Cantelli), 2:735 Mixtures, 3:1666 Continuous-time signal Convergence of moments Cornfield’s lemma, 2:1369 detection with unknown and asymptotic normality, Cornish-Fisher and parameters, 1:271 Edgeworth expansions, 2:1102–1103 Convergence of sequences of 2:1370–1373 Continuous uniform random variables, and arithmetic mean, distribution, 2:1353–1358 1:232 14:8852–8853 weak convergence, Cornish-Fisher expansion, Continuum regression, 15:9065–9066 2:1370–1373 2:1342–1345 Convergent validity, 8:5140 applications, 2:1372–1373 Contract bridge, 4:2613 Convex hull peeling, 9:6043, approximations to Contraction map, 4:2477 6044 distributions, 1:200 Contrast, 2:1345 Convexity, 4:2809–2813 asymptotic expansion, Contrast analysis, Convex least squares 1:260, 264 2:1345–1346 regression, 6:4117–4118 and frequency curve Control charts, 2:1346–1351. Convex linear combination, systems, 4:2526 See also specific charts 1:372 generalization, 2:1373 applications, 2:1351 Convex transition kernel, higher-order asymptotics, median based, 2:1348, 1:61 1:288 1352–1353 Convolution, 2:1358–1359 Coronary heart disease types of, 2:1347–1351 Convolution sieve for epidemiological statistics, Controlled Markov nonparametric density 3:2025 processes, 7:4556 estimation, 3:2098–2099 Framingham study, 4:2501 Control limits, 2:1348 Convolution theorem, of Corpuscle problem, Control of calibration characteristic functions, 15:9138–9139 experiments, 14:8666 2:851 Correction for attenuation, Controls Cook distance. See 10:6611 for calibration, 2:696–697 Influential observations Correction for grouping, clinical trials, 2:983–984 Cooke’s estimator, 1:633 2:1375 9266 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Correct rejection, 10:6622 Correspondence analysis, Covariates Correlated Gaussian noise 2:1394–1402 failure to include relevant, process, 2:1099–1100 Correspondence principal, 4:2235–2236 Correlation, 2:1375–1384 10:6729 and trend-free block causation contrasted, Cos theta (cos θ), 2:1403 designs, 14:8733–8734 2:780, 4:2237 Cost of ignorance, Covariate variables, 14:8955 history of development of, 2:1255–1256 Coverage, 2:1414–1416 2:1379–1381 Cost of living index of census, 2:806–807 interpretation, and Paasche-Laspeyres of tolerance regions, 2:1381–1382 index, 9:5901 14:8645 Correlation bias Cotton Coverage error, 10:6674 and undercount in census, Coverage problems. See agricultural surveys, 1:78 14:8830 Target coverage Coulomb lattice gases, Correlation coefficient (Main Coverage processes, 6:4044 articles only.), 2:1385 2:1416–1418 Countable additivity, 2:1403 concordance correlation Covering number, 14:8945 coefficients, 2:1190 Count data Cover’s consistent estimate corrections to, categorical data, of proportion, 2:1419 2:1385–1386 2:762–775 Cowles Commission, 15:9018 Glahn and Hooper tests for trend, Cox, D. R. (1958). Planning correlation coefficients, 14:8737–8742, of Experiments 2:1386–1387 8737–8742 key experimental design intraclass correlation transition (Markov) text, 3:1666 coefficient, 6:3640–3644 models, 14:8713–8714 summary of subject medial correlation Counterfactual variable, coverage, 3:1671 coefficient, 7:4702 2:785 Cox, Gertrude Mary, Moran’s spatial Countermatched sampling, 2:1420–1421 autocorrelation 2:1403–1404 Cox, R. T. coefficient, Countermatching, 2:1404 and axioms of probability, 12:7875–7878 Counting processes, 1:330 multiple correlation 2:1405–1411 Cox’s proportional hazards coefficient, 8:5075–5078 Counting the Labor Force, model, 10:6567–6569 spatial autocorrelation 6:3920 Aalen’s additive risk model coefficient, Moran’s, Cournot, Antoine Augustin, contrasted, 1:46, 47, 50 12:7875–7878 2:1413–1414 in accelerated life testing, Spearman correlation and axioms of probability, 1:20 coefficients, differences 1:329 Cox’s test of randomness, between, 12:7901–7902 10:6866 Covariables, 2:1186 Spearman rank correlation and difference of means Covariance, 2:1414 coefficient, test, 3:1688 as mixed moment of X and 12:7903–7904 CPI for all Urban consumers, Y, 8:4947 tetrachoric correlation 2:1294 Covariance inequalities, coefficient, Cp statistics, 2:1421–1422 13:8588–8589 2:1414 Crabs Correlation curves, Covariance matrices, 8:4915, allometry, 1:115 2:1388–1391 4916 change-in-ratio estimation, several covariates, 2:1390 Covariance (operator), 1:5 1:115 Correlation matrix, 10:6515 Covariance structure Crack propagation Correlation ratio, analysis. See also and fatigue models, 4:2250 2:1388–1389, 1392 Structural equation Craig-Sakamoto theorem, Correlation weighted, models 2:1422–1423 2:1392–1393 for marketing studies, Craig’s moment-ratio Correlogram, 2:1393, 1510 7:4501 diagrams, 8:4945–4946 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9267

Craig’s theorem, 2:1422 Credibility intervals Crop yield estimation, Cramer,´ Harald, in multivariate Bayesian Mitscherlich’s law in, 2:1424–1425 analysis, 8:5158 2:1445 on risk theory, 11:7294 Credibility regions Cross-classification, 2:763 Cramer´ contingency in multivariate Bayesian Cross-correlated matrices coefficient, 2:1424 analysis, 8:5158 and stochastic Cramer-Rao´ inequality. See Credibility theory perturbation theory, Cramer-Rao´ lower in actuarial science, 13:8265 bound; Minimum 1:34–36 Crossdating, in variance unbiased Credible interval forecasting, dendrochronology, estimation-II 10:6448 3:1601 Cramer-Rao´ lower bound, Credit card risk assessment, Crossings, 2:1446 2:1425–1426 1:363, 364 Cross-modality matching, and Bhattacharyya Credit scoring, 1:363 10:6623 bounds, 14:8817, 8818 Cressie-read statistic, Crossover trials, 2:828, and efficient score, 3:1885 2:1430–1432 1446–1452 Wolfowitz inequality as clinical trials, 2:985 generalization of, Criss-cross designs. See Strip plots continuous data analysis, 15:9195 2:1449–1450 Cramer´ series, 2:1427 Criterion-referenced tests, 10:6611 discrete data analysis, Cramer-Slutsky´ type 2:1450–1451 theorems, 6:4187 Criterion variables higher order designs for Cramer(’s)´ series, 2:1427 canonical correlation two treatments, 2:1448 Cramer´ theorem, 2:854, 855 analysis, 8:5153 medical trials, 7:4724 Cramer-von´ Mises family, Criticality theorem, three or more treatments, 3:1953 2:1436–1437 2:1448–1449 Cramer-von´ Mises statistics, Critical phenomena, Cross-product ratio. See 2:1427–1428, 4:2730, 2:1433–1435 Log-linear models in 5:3183, 8:5191 Critical region, 2:1436 contingency tables; Odds and Watson’s U2, 15:9039 Cromwell’s rule, 2:1437 ratio estimators for Weibull process Cronbach coefficient, Cross-sectional data, 2:1454 godness of fit, 15:9101 2:1437–1438 CROSSTABS weighted empirical Cronbach’s α, 10:6610 processes, 15:9113 categorical data, 2:767 Crop area estimation, Cross-validation, Cramer-von´ Mises test Landsat data analysis Baumgartner-Weiss- 2:1454–1457 in, 2:1438–1445 continuum regression, Schindler test compared, Crop meter, 1:74 14:8798 2:1343 Crop proportion estimation, test of uniformity, 14:8860, recursive partitioning, 10:6573–6574 8862 11:7011 Crops and V-statistics, 14:9014 and regularized agricultural statistics, 1:83 Cramer-Wold´ device, 15:9151 regression, 2:1342 and multidimensional agricultural surveys, used by CART method, central limit theorems, 1:72–80 2:1154 8:5018 area estimation, Landsat Cross-validatory score, Cramer-Wold´ theorem. See data analysis in, 2:1455 Limit theorem, central 2:1438–1445 Cross variogram, 4:2830 and Asimov’s grand tour, area sampling, 1:228–229 Crouse-Lemmer dispersion 1:237 crop yield estimation, test, 3:1772–1773 Craps, 4:2609–2610 Mitscherlich’s law in, Crude moment, 2:1458 Credal probabilities, 10:6465 2:1445 Crude product moment, Credibility, 2:1429–1430 Crop spectral profile models, 10:6531 Credibility factor, 1:35 10:6576–6577 Crude rates, 10:6962–6963 9268 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Crude sum of squares, Cumulative profile-a tests, multidimensional, 2:1458–1459 10:6542 2:1504–1505 Crump-Mode-Jagers process, Cumulative sum control orthogonal systems, 1:662 charts, 2:1350–1351, 2:1498–1500 Crystal lattice, 15:9200 1466–1472 and smoothing, 2:1502 Crystallography, Cumulative transition state by spline functions, 2:1503 2:1459–1461 scores unequal intervals, 2:1503 x-ray crystallography, for risk management, Curvelets, 1:443 15:9199–9206 11:7285, 7289 Curve of deaths, 10:6960 CSP-1 (continuous sampling Cuomo v. Baldridge, 14:8831 Curves plan), 2:1340–1341 Cure model, 2:1473–1474 fractal dimensions, CSP-2 (continuous sampling Current experiment, 1:503 4:2467–2468 plan), 2:1341 Current Index to Statistics, Customer queues, 10:6773 CSP-3 (continuous sampling 1:124, 2:1474–1475 Customs frontier, 4:2437 plan), 2:1341 Current Population Survey, CUSUM charts CTAB, 2:767 2:1475–1481, 14:8909 feedforward-feedback Cube law. See Election changing for 1990, control schemes, 4:2275 forecasting in the United 2:1479–1480 mean-shift detection Kingdom evolution of, 2:1482–1491 procedure, 7:4670–4671, Cube-root test for evolution of size of sample, 4675–4676 homogeneity of 2:1485 quality control, 10:6681, 6688 variances, 5:3214 Keyfitz method CUSUM process Cubic effect. See Linear application, 14:8970–8971 change-point analysis regression; Polynomial labor statistics, application, 2:832–838 regression 6:3918–3922 changepoint problem Culture, and voting paradox, nonsampling errors, application, 2:840–842, 14:9011 2:1481 843 Cumulant moment ratios, 1986–1988 plan for and random walks, 8:4947 improvement, 2:1490 10:6985 Cumulants, 2:1462 undercount, 2:1481 Cusumsq statistic, Cumulative damage, 4:2250 and undercount in census, 2:1507–1508 Cumulative damage models, 14:8830 Cusum statistics, 8:5009 2:1463–1465 Current Wage Developments, Cut, 14:8647 aging first-passage times, 3:1984 Cycles, 2:1509–1512 1:63–64 Current-weighted index, in time series, 14:8726 wear, 15:9069–9071 9:5900 Cyclic designs, 2:1512–1515 Cumulative damage shock Curse of dimensionality, Cyclicity process, 1:63 2:1492–1493, 14:8721 special case of polytonicity, Cumulative distribution Curtailed Dorfman screening 8:4976 function (cdf), 2:1466 procedures, 3:1823 Cyclic sampling. See mathematical functions to Curtailed sampling plans, Systematic sampling approximate, 7:4587 2:1493–1496 Cyclic stresses Cumulative distribution Curved exponential family. in accelerated life testing, function plots, 10:6483 See Exponential families 1:11 Cumulative distribution Curve fitting, 2:1496–1505 Cylinder functions, 1:477 plots adjustment by weighting, parallel-coordinate plot 2:1504 D’Agostina test for application, 9:5928 conversion to equal normality, Cumulative hazard function, intervals, 2:1503–1504 13:8583–8584 1:11 discrete points, 2:1504 Dagum system of income and Cumulative multiindicator manpower planning wealth distributions, functions, 2:772 application, 7:4480 5:3363–3376 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9269

Dairy products Das, M. N. and Giri, N. C. initial, 5:3532–3537 epidemiological statistics (1979). Design and interactive, 3:1526–1527 of dietary consumption, Analysis of Experiments, longitudinal, 7:4403–4415 3:2016 3:1666 nonmetric, 8:5588–5591 Damaged observations Das Gesetz der Kleinen progressively censored, weighted distributions for, Zahlen (Bortkiewicz), 10:6549–6552 15:9107 1:630 spatial, 12:7878–78781 Damage function. See Target Data. See also Binary data; Data and Statistics, 13:8362 coverage Categorical data; Data augmentation, Damage models, Censored data; Circular 3:1527–1529 3:1517–1519 data; Grouped data Data-bank storage, of census Dam theory, 3:1520–1522 Anscombe data sets, 1:174 data, 2:809 applied probability and classification, Data collection, studies, 1:188 2:967–969 3:1530–1536, and atmospheric statistics, coarse, 2:1023–1024 10:6509–6510 1:291 coded, 2:1028–1029 Data editing, 3:1861, 1862 Bayesian forecasting, combination of, computer applications, 1:401 2:1074–1081 2:1157–1159 Dandekar continuity compositional, Data envelopment analysis, correction. See 2:1146–1147 3:1537–1540 Continuity correction, cross-sectional, 2:1454 Data ill conditioning, 2:1237 Dandekar’s editing statistical, example of collinearity, Dandekar’s continuity 3:1861–1867 2:1238–1239 correction, 2:1307 electronic data methods for diagnosing Danebury Iron Age site, interchange (EDI) in collinearity, archaeological studies, statistics, 3:1895–1896 2:1239–1242 1:222, 223, 225 girdle (equatorial) data Data imputation, 3:1865 Daniel, C. (1976). and distributions, Data masking for disclosure Applications of Statistics 4:2858 limitation, 3:1541–1546 to Industrial incomplete, 5:3411–3417 Data mining, 3:1546–1548 Experimentation influential, 5:3500–3502 data editing applications, key experimental design landmark, 6:3949–3958 text, 3:1666 messy, 7:4731–4734 3:1862 summary of subject metadata, 7:4744–4747, Data plotter, 15:9206 coverage, 3:1671 12:8144–8146 Data traceability, 14:8687 Daniell-Kolmogorov nonprecise, 8:5631–5635 Data window, 15:9182 theorem, 3:1523 ordinal, 9:5842–5847 Datum. See Data collection Daniels, Henry E., panel, 9:5911–5916 David, Florence Nightingale, 3:1523–1525 peeling, 9:6042–6045 3:1548–1550 Daniels’ formula for normal reduction of, contributions to medicine, extremes, 8:5665 11:7028–7030 7:4719 Dark matter, 1:253 secondary, 11:7516 David-Hartley-Pearson test Darmois-Koopman family. sharpening, 12:7681 for outliers, 9:5893 See Koopman-Darmois- truncated, 14:8773 Davies, O. L., et al. (1956). Pitman family weak, 15:9067–9069 The Design and Analysis Darmois-Skitovich theorem, Data, binary. See Binary of Industrial 1:373, 3:1525–1526 data Experiments Darwin, Charles Data analysis (Main articles key experimental design and eugenics, 1:168 only.), 10:6510 text, 3:1666 and evolutionary genetics, computer applications, summary of subject 3:2120, 2122 2:1159 coverage, 3:1671 speciesasstatistical exploratory, 3:2151–2154 Davies, O. L. Statistical populations, 15:9131 functional, 4:2562–2569 Methods, 3:1666 9270 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Dawid’s sampling paradigm, psychological decision Decreasing failure rate life 2:976 making, 10:6601–6605 distribution, 14:8670 Dayton, C. M. (1970). The Wald’s decision theory, Decreasing failure rate Design of Educational 15:9021–9024 property, 1:60 Experiments Decision analysis, Decreasing mean residential key experimental design 3:1560–1561 life property, 1:63 text, 3:1666 Decision making Deer summary of subject in economics, 14:8823 two-types, one removal coverage, 3:1671 election projections, 3:1892 change-in-ratio D-Conditioning, 3:2117 psychological, estimator, 2:825–826 d-Dimensional distribution, 10:6601–6605 Default Bayes factors, 10:6515 and rare events, 10:6949 1:384–385 Death rate, 10:6961 regret, 11:7107–7108 Defect, 3:1566–1567, Deaths, 14:9001 and well-calibrated 10:6678–6679 correlation coefficients for forecasts, 15:9134 Defective, 10:6678–6679 certain factors, 3:2027 Decision rules Defective distributions epidemiological statistics, admissibility, 1:51–55, moment generating 3:2016 15:9022 function, 4:2751 Debeye energy function, bioavailability and probability generating 3:1984–1985 bioequivalence, 1:537 function, 4:2749 de Broglie wavelength, in CART, 14:8719 Defence folly, 4:2441 inadmissible, 3:1557–1558 10:6727–6728 Deff. See Design effect Markov decision processes, Decapitated distributions, Deficiency, 7:4533 3:1556–1557, 1568 Hodges-Lehmann, Decision space, 3:1558 Decay stage, 3:1567 Decision theory, trapezoidal-type Deficiency of randomness, 3:1558–1565 distributions, 14:8717 2:1131 and admissibility, 1:51–52 Decelerated stresses De Finetti, Bruno, and Bayesian model and accelerated life 3:1550–1552 selection, 1:420–421 testing, 1:11 and axioms of probability, and conditional Decile, 3:1557, 9:6054 1:330, 331 probability, Decimating the sequence by 2:1211–1214 and inverse probability, factor 2 (wavelets), sensitivity and Bayesian 6:3688 15:9048 robustness, 1:437 probability assessment Decision total positivity application, contributions, 1:242 decision rules 14:8668 De Finetti’s fundamental inadmissible, Wald’s, 15:9021–9024 theorem, 1:243 3:1557–1558 Decline stage, Deflated distributions, minimax, 7:4791–4795 trapezoidal-type 3:1567–1568 decision theory, distributions, 14:8717 Deft. See Design effect 3:1558–1565 Declustering techniques, for Degenerate distribution, Markov decision processes, extreme-value 3:1568 7:4524–4527, distributions, Degree of confirmation, 4556–4557 3:2192–2193 2:1263 minimax decision rules, Decomposable probabilistic Degree of rounding, 7:4791–4795 models 11:7361 multiple criteria decision Markvov networks, Degrees of belief, 1:457–462 making (MCDM), 7:4538–4539 and rare events, 10:6947 8:5081–5083 Decomposition theorem, Degrees of freedom, multiple decision 3:1566 3:1568–1569 procedures, Decreasing failure-rate ANOVA table column, 8:5083–5084 average property, 1:60 1:173 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9271

decomposing interaction, De Moivre-Laplace theorem T3 plot, 14:8681–8686 5:3579–3580 contributions to medicine, Z-test, 15:9231 effective, 3:1569–1570 7:4719 Dependence Maxwell distribution, global, 3:1553–1554 concepts of, 3:1638–1647 7:4652 local, 3:1554, 7:4326 modeling for binary data, and quasi-independence, De Moivre numbers, 1:354 1:489 10:6750–6751 De Morgan’s law for m-Dependence, 7:4654 Satterthwaite’s propositions, 1:328 Dependence structure, approximation to, Dempster-Shafer theory of 8:5087 3:1570–1572 evidence, 3:2116–2119 Dependent data triangular contingency Dempster’s rule of transformations, tables, 14:8757 combination, 1:464 14:8706–8708 DeGroot, Morris H., Dendrites, 3:1598–1600 Dependent observations 3:1573–1575 Dendrochronology, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon Delauney tessellations, 3:1601–1603 statistic, 7:4477 10:6885 Dendrograms, 3:1604 Delays, in traffic, Denmark Dependent variables, 14:8691–8692 heart disease 14:8955 Deleted-in-Colorectal-Cancer epidemiological canonical correlation (DCC) gene, 2:705 statistics, 3:2025 analysis, 8:5153 Delta function (Dirac), Density estimation, Depth, of data point 3:1702–1703 3:1605–1622 in five-number summaries, Delta method. See also bandwidth selection, 1:358 4:2382 Statistical differentials, choice of bandwidth and Depth trimming, method of kernel, 3:1615–1616 14:8768–8769 inference on binomial from incomplete data, Derivative strings, 12:8010 distribution, 1:501 3:1618 Derived variables, 14:8955 infinite dimensional, Maximum penalized Derogatory trees, 1:364 3:1575–1583 likelihood estimation, Descending factorial, 4:2328 Delta metric, Baddeley’s, 7:4641 Descending factorial 3:1584–1588 Density-quantile function, cumulants, 4:2223 Delta operators, 9:6314, 10:6710 Descriptive view of 6315 Dentistry, 3:1626–1628 probability, 1:241 Demand Analysis (Wold), Deparcieux,´ Antoine, Design and Analysis of 15:9151 3:1628–1629 Factorial Experiments Deming, William Edwards, Department of Justice (Yates), 15:9211 3:1588–1592 Bureau of Justice DESIGN-EXPERT contributions to TQM, Statistics, 6:3794–3797 mixture data analysis, 14:8674 Departures from normality, 7:4875 Demography, 1:553, tests for, 3:1630–1637 Design flood estimation, 3:1592–1597 D’Agostina test for 10:6810 biometric functions, normality, 1:548 13:8583–8584 Design imbalance, to document census entropy-based test of Chakrabarti’s measure undercount, 15:9165 normality, 8:5666–5667 of, 3:1663 and epidemiological Hill-Dixon index of Design matrix, 3:1663–1664, statistics, 3:2016 departure from 1821 stochastic, 13:8219–8227 normality, 3:1629 Design measure, 3:1821 De Moivre, Abraham, Mardia’s test of Design of experiments 3:1552–1553 multinormality, an annotated bibliography, and ballot problems, 1:354 8:5047–5051 3:1664–1672 and history of probability, Salvan test for normality, for animal science studies, 10:6470 8:5667–5668 1:161–162 9272 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Design of experiments Developed countries Dichotomy, 3:1687 (continued) modern fertility analysis, Dickey-Fuller distributions, industrial and scientific 4:2288–2289 14:8878 applications, Developing countries Dickey-Fuller unit-root tests, 3:1673–1681 fertility measurement, 14:8878–8880 uniform designs, 4:2287–2288 Dickey’s ‘‘beliefs about 14:8841–8849 Deviance, analysis of, beliefs’’ maxim, 3:1903 Design of Experiments, The 3:1684–1686 Die Differential- und (Fisher), 2:783, 4:2346, Deviate. See Distributions, Integralgleichungen der 15:9077 standardized Mechanik und Physik Designs, Plackett and Deviate, standardized. See (von Mises), 14:9008 Burman, 9:6161–6164 Distributions, Difference equations, 3:1687 Design space, 3:1821 standardized Difference of means test, Destructive sampling, Deviation/spread statistics censored data in, 3:1682 for outlier detection, 3:1687–1688 Destructive testing, 9:5887 Difference of two means 3:1682–1684 Device of imaginary results, confidence intervals, Detectability, 14:8695 3:1900 2:1256 Devil’s staircase, 4:2475, Difference of zero, Detectability curve, in 2476 3:1688–1689 transect methods, De Witt, Johan, Difference prophet 14:8695 3:1554–1556 inequality, 10:6565 Detecting contributions to medicine, Difference-stationary mixture distributions, 7:4719 process, 14:8877 7:4887 Diabetic retinopathy Differential geometry in Determinants, in flowgraph models for, statistics, 3:1689–1692 epidemiological studies, 4:2418–2420 Differential main effects, 3:2029–2030 Diaconis-Efron conditional 7:4445 Determinants and Matrices volume test for Differential operator (Aitken and Rutherford), contingency tables, Delta operator and 1:102 2:1300–1302 poweroid, 9:6315 Deterministic chaos, Diagnostic keys, use in Differential strings, 12:8010 2:845–846 medical diagnostics, Diffuse prior distributions Deterministic drift, 1:312 7:4717 in multivariate Bayesian Deterministic mathematical Diagnostic measures analysis, 8:5159 programming, Bayes linear analysis, Diffusion processes, 7:4594–4595 1:389–390 3:1694–1698, 7:4561 Deterministic polynomial Diagnostic screening test, absolute continuity of trend, 1:312 7:4716 probability measures, Deterministic tests. See Diagonalizable linear 1:8 Editing and statistical transformation, 3:1886 Diffusion type models tests Diamagnetic inequality, for marketing studies, Deterministic trend models, 10:6740 7:4502–4503 14:8727–8728 Diamond Digamma and trigamma Deterministic trends, crystals, 2:1459 distributions, 14:8727 Diamond, W. J. (1981). 3:1698–1700 Deterministic voting models, Practical Experimental Digamma distribution, 10:6437–6438 Designs, 3:1666 3:1698–1700 Detrending regression, Dice, 4:2612 Digamma function, 3:1700, 14:8880 waiting times for success 14:8762 Deutsche Statistiche runs, 2:1058 Digestive organs Gesellschaft, Dichotomous data, 1:557 human radiation hazards, 12:8148–8149 and categorical data, 2:763 3:2018 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9273

Digital beamlets, 1:441 Directly standardized rates, Discrete fractional Gaussian Digital filtering 10:6963, 12:7988–7989 noise, 4:2485 chemometrics application, Dirichlet distribution, 1:101, Discrete log-concave 2:872 3:1720–1721, 7:4295 distributions, Digital modulation schemes, approximations to 2:1175–1176 2:1101–1102 distributions, 1:200 Discrete lognormal Digression analysis, auditing application, 1:300 distribution, 9:6198 3:1701–1702 and compositional data, Discrete mixture of Poisson Dilation, 1:438. See 2:1146 processes, 9:6205 Geometry in statistics: Dirichlet kernel for Discrete mixtures of convexity; Majorization nonparametric conjugate distributions, and Schur convexity-I regression, 3:2099 1:128–1281 Dilution experiments, Dirichlet processes, Discrete multivariate 3:1702–1703 3:1721–1726 distributions, d-Dimensional distribution, as shot-noise process, 3:1728–1747 10:6515 12:7701 Discreteness, 3:1752 Dimensionality, curse of, Discrete Pareto distribution, Discrete point processes 2:1492–1493 15:9222, 9223 rates, 10:6961 Dimension regular sets, Disclosure limitation, data Discrete processes, 4:2467 masking for, 10:6514–6519 Diagnostic journey, 14:8674 3:1541–1546 Discrete rectangular Diplomacy Discount factor. See Dynamic distribution, 3:1751, risk measurement, 11:7291 programming 14:8852 Dirac delta function, Discounting, 3:1727 Discrete self-decomposable 3:1702–1703 Bayesian forecasting, distribution, 12:7702 Direct adjusted survival 1:404 Discrete-time Dynamical curve, 3:2141 Discouraged workers system, 4:2478 Directed acyclic graphs Current Population Discrete-time matched filter, Bayesian networks, Survey, 2:1484 2:1097–1098 1:426–429 Discrepancy, 14:8851 Discrete uniform and causation, 2:786–788 DISCRETE, 3:1866 distribution, 14:8852 Directed arcs, 8:5197 Discrete arc-sine distribution tests of uniformity, Directed-graph conditional of order n, 1:226 14:8862 independence, Discrete concave Discrete unimodality, 2:1196–1197 distributions, 14:8869–8870 Directed graphs, 2:1175–1176 Discrete wavelet transform, 8:5197–5198 Discrete concomitant 15:9043 and causation, 2:785–788 variables, 2:1187 Discretionary priority Directed links, Markvov Discrete distribution, discipline, 10:6427 networks, 7:4535–4536 3:1727–1728 Discriminant analysis, Direct expansion estimator approximations to, 1:201 3:1752–1758, 11:7012 crop estimation with and Banach’s match-box banking application, 1:364 satellite data, 2:1440 problem, 1:358 classification applications, Direction, projection pursuit, concave and log-concave, 2:975 10:6558 2:1175–1176 and component analysis, Directional data analysis, confidence intervals, 2:1139 3:1703–1708 2:1248–1249 education applications, Directional distributions, strong and weak record 3:1872 3:1708–1713 values, 10:7000–7001 and management science, Directional statistics, Watson’s U2 test for, 7:4470 3:1713–1719 15:9041 medical diagnosis Direction time Discrete fourier transform, applications, Reed-Frost model, 11:7036 3:1728 7:4715–4717 9274 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Discriminant analysis, Dispersion coefficient, 3:1775 Distribution-free methods, (continued) Dispersion models, 1:39–40, 3:1792–1798 multinomial logit models, 3:1759–1768 Bell-Doksum, 3:1800 8:5045 Dispersion orderings, useful for randomized wavelet application, 14:8990 complete block designs, 15:9061 Dispersion parameter 1:612 Wilks’s lambda quasi-likelihood functions, Distribution-free property application, 15:9172 10:6754 quantile processes, Discriminant validity, 8:5140 Dispersion test 10:6710 Discriminant variables Crouse-Lemmer, Distribution-free tolerance in canonical analysis, 3:1772–1773 intervals, 14:8646 2:721–722 Mood’s, 3:1773–1774 Distribution-free tolerance Discriminating power, Westenberg, 3:1777–1778 regions, 14:8645–8646 4:2439 Dispersion theory, historical Distribution function, Discrimination ratio development of, 10:6493 in acceptance sampling, 3:1775–1776 quantile processes, 1:24 Dispersive comparison, 10:6708 Disease 3:1778–1780 quasi-copulas, 10:6747 analysis in Framingham Displacement operator, Distributions study, 4:2450 1:338, 3:1782 arithmetic mean, epidemiological statistics, Dissimilarity index, 14:8857 1:231–232 3:2016 Dissimilarity measures, fractal dimensions, 4:2469 and genetic linkage, 12:7730–7737 marketing decisions in 7:4281–4283 Dissipative Markov chains, surveys, 7:4499 Mantel-Haenszel statistic 11:7563 test statistics in, applications, 7:4403 Dissociated random 1:193–198 Reed-Frost model, variables, 3:1782 traceability, 14:8687 11:7035–7037 Dissonance, 3:1782 Distributions (Main articles Disease classification, 2:972 DISS-PLA algorithm only.) Disease detection package, 1:111 Aitchison, 1:100–101 risk management, 11:7289 Distance almost-lack-of-memory Disease incubation and classification, (ALM), 1:120 lognormal useful for 2:967–969 approximations to, modeling, 7:4397 between experiments, 1:192–201 Disease measurement, 1:279–280 arc-sine, 1:225–228 3:2031–2032 Distance functions, 3:1783 Arfwedson, 1:230–231 Disease screening Distance measures, Benini, 1:465 screening designs, 11:7503 12:7730–7737 Bernoulli, 1:466 weighted distribution in archaeology, 1:218 Bernoulli multivariate, application, 15:9107, Distance of total variation, 1:466 9111 14:8681 Bernstein polynomial, Disease specific mortality, Distance sampling, 1:474 1:238–239 3:1783–1787 Bessel function, 1:477 Disjoint sets, 3:1759 Distant Early Warning line, Beta, 1:480–481 Disjoint subset of events, 4:2387 binomial, 1:519–521 9:5909 Distinguishing polynomials, binomial, generalized Disjunction of propositions, 2:1057 (compound), 1:521–522 1:328 Distributed lag models, binomial, sample size Dispersion 6:3926–3933, 14:8803 estimation, 1:522–527 ordering distributions by, Distributional inference, Birnbaum-Saunders 9:5816–5819 3:1788–1791 fatigue-life, permutation tests for, Distributionally robust 4:2247–2249 9:6077–6078 estimator, 7:4735 bivariate CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9275

inequalities on, degenerate, 3:1568 Gaussian, laws of error, 5:3451–3458 digamma and trigamma, 6:4068–4080 specification of, 3:1698–1700 generalized (compound) 1:596–597 directional, 3:1708–1713 binomial, 1:521–522 bivariate discrete, dirichlet, 1:101, generalized F, 4:2699 1:580–594 3:1720–1721, 7:4295 generalized Gaussian, bivariate normal, discrete, 3:1727–1728 4:2703–2705 1:597–598 normal approximations generalized Feller’s theorem, to selected, hypergeometric, 1:598–600 8:5646–5651 4:2705–2707 bivariate normal-Student, discrete multivariate, geometric, 4:2779–2780 8:5673–5674 3:1728–1747 geometric stable, Borel-Tanner, 1:630 discrete rectangular, 4:2791–2792 Bradford, 1:656 3:1751, 14:8852 Gibbs, 4:2838–2842 Burr, 1:678–682 dispersion, ordering girdle (equatorial) data Cantor-type, 2:738–739 distributions by, and distributions, Cauchy distribution, 9:5816–5819 4:2858 2:778–779 doubly noncentral, 3:1829 Gompertz, 4:2866–2867 wrapped-up, elliptical, extremal type, goodness of fit distribution, 15:9196–9197 3:1909–1910 Takacs’,´ 4:2884–2887 centered studentized elliptically contoured, Gumbel, 5:3029–3034 maximal, 13:8366 Haar, 5:3044–3046 3:1910–1916 Champernowne, 2:816 hazard rate and other empirical bivariate characterizations of, classifications of, quantile-partitioned, 2:856–861 5:3092–3095 3:1948–1951 Charlier, 2:862 heavy-tailed, 5:3105–3107 Erlang, 3:2053 Charlier (series), discrete, Hermite, 5:3118–3122 exponential, 3:2159–2163 2:862–863 H-function, 5:3138–3140 exponentiated, chi, 2:893–894 hybrid log-normal, 5:3276 3:2163–2164 chi-bar-square, 2:889–892 hyperbolic, 5:3276–3283 wrapped-up, 3:2164 chi-square, 2:894–896 hypergeometric, extreme-value, circular normal, 2:949 4:2705–2706, classical discrete, 3:2185–2191 5:3283–3288 generalizations of, declustering techniques, improper, 5:3356–3357 2:950–962 3:2192–2193 income and wealth, Dagum cloning of, 3:1800–1801 factorial series, system of, 5:3363–3376 compound, 2:1147 4:2227–2231 income distribution concave and log-concave, Farlie-Gumbel- models, 5:3378–3384 2:1173–1176 Morgenstern (FGM), Stoppa’s, 5:3386–3387 conjugate families, 4:2243–2245 inequalities on bivariate 2:1274–1283 fatigue-life, and multivariate, contagious, 2:1295–1297 Birnbaum-Saunders, 5:3451–3458 continuous multivariate, 4:2247–2249 inflated, 5:3492 2:1310–1333 F-distribution, interpoint distance, 6:3614 Dagum system of income 4:2266–2267 invariant prior, and wealth, FFT, 4:2290 6:3654–3661 5:3363–3376 Fibonacci, 4:2291 inverse, 6:3673–3675 decapitated, 3:1556–1557, fiducial, 4:2291–2296 inverse binomial, 1568 Fisher, 4:2335 6:3672–3673 declustering techniques for Fisher’s Z, 4:2376 inverse Gaussian, extreme-value, folded, 4:2421 6:3681–3683 3:2192–2193 gamma, 4:2622–2627 inverse trinomial, deflated, 3:1567–1568 g-and-h, 4:2632–2635 6:3697–3698 9276 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Distributions (Main articles log-concave, 2:1173–1176 multivariate exponential, only.) (continued) log-concave and 8:5211–5214 inverted beta, log-convex, 7:4362–4363 Marshall-Olkin, 6:3699–3701 log-convex, 7:4362–4363 8:5216–5218 inverted Dirichlet, log-gamma, 7:4363–4365 multivariate gamma 6:3701–3703, 7:4295 logistic, 7:4371–4375 distributions, inverted gamma, 6:3704 logistic-normal, 7:4376 8:5228–5235 inverted Wishart, 6:3704 log-Laplace, 7:4385 multivariate logarithmic isotropic, 6:3710–3712 log-logistic, 7:4395–4396 series, 8:5253–5254 Jeffreys’ prior, 1:502, lognormal, 7:4396–4397 multivariate normal, 6:3744–3745 Lomax, 7:4403 8:5275–5282 Johnson’s system of, Lorentzian, 7:4421 multivariate 6:3751–3762 MacDonald, 7:4436 normal-Wishart, 8:5288 joint, 6:3763 Makeham-Gompertz, multivariate Polya,´ J-shaped distribution, 7:4457 9:6235–6238 Topp and Leone’s, Marshall-Olkin multivariate power series, 6:3786 multivariate 8:5307–5310 Kapteyn, 6:3819 exponential, multivariate stable, Katz system of, 8:5216–5218 8:5335–5337 6:3823–3824 matric-t, 7:4598–4601 multivariate t, Kemp families of, matrix-exponential, 8:5345–5352 multivariate Weibull, 6:3825–3830 7:4606–4610 8:5369 Kotz-type, 6:3882–3883 matrix-valued, negative binomial, Lagrange and related 7:4613–4618 8:5413–5418 distributions, matrix-variate beta, 6:3934–3939 Neyman’s type A, B, and 7:4630 Lambda, 6:3947 C, 8:5504–5510 Maxwell, 7:4652 Laplace, 6:3961–3962 nicked-square, mesa-logistic, 7:4730 lattice, 6:4033 8:5511–5513 Mittag-Leffler, 7:4870 laws of error-II: the noncentral beta, mixture distributions, Gaussian distribution, 8:5541–5542 7:4880–4887, 6:4068–4080 noncentral chi-square, 4890–4896 laws of error-III: later 8:5542–5545 mixtures of normal, (non-Gaussian) noncentral F, 8:5546–5549 estimation of, distributions, noncentral studentized 6:4083–4085 7:4913–4914 maximal, 8:5550–5551 least favorable, model construction: noncentral t, 8:5552–5554 6:4108–4111 selection of non-Gaussian, laws of Leipnik, 6:4130 distributions, error, 6:4083–4085 Leone (Topp and Leone’s) 8:4916–4921 normal, 8:5652–5662 J-shaped distribution, modified normal, normal approximations to 6:3786 8:4934–4935 some discrete, Lexian, 6:4145 modified power series, 8:5646–5651 linear hazard rate, 8:4935–4939 normal-Student bivariate, 6:4212–4217 multinomial, 1:514, 8:5673–5674 linkages in, 7:4285–4287 8:5035–5039 Obrechkoff’s, 9:5708 Linnik, 7:4291–4292 multinormal, Siegel’s occupancy, 9:5713–5717 Liouville-Dirichlet, formula for, 8:5047 omega, 9:5732–5733 7:4294–4295 multivariate, 8:5200–5210 one-wild, 9:5745 Lobatschewski inequalities on, ordering by dispersion, (Lobachevsky), 7:4319 5:3451–3458 9:5816–5819 logarithmic series, multivariate Bernoulli, outlier-prone, 7:4357–4359 1:466 9:5889–5890 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9277

Pareto, 9:5931–5935 reciprocal inverse sum-symmetric power Pareto-lognormal, Gaussian, 10:6989–6990 series, 13:8423–8425 9:5937–5938 Renyi-type,´ 11:7151–7154 t, 13:8553–8555 partially truncated, 9:5983 reproductive properties of, Takacs’´ goodness of fit, partial ordering of, 11:7215–7216 4:2884–2887 9:5989–5992 retracted, 11:7273 T1 and T2 classes of, Pearson system of, Rice, 11:7273 13:8538–8540 9:6036–6039 rootistic, 11:7347 tetranomial, 13:8590 Pearson type VII on the rounded, 11:7361 Thomas, 2:954, 13:8596 unit sphere, Salem singular, 11:7402 Topp and Leone’s J-shaped 9:6040–6041 sampling, 11:7409 distribution, 6:3786 Perks’, 9:6069 Sargan, 11:7434 trapezoidal, 14:8716 phase type distributions, Scheidegger-Watson, trapezoidal-type, 9:6104–6114 11:7474 14:8716–8717 Plackett family of, selection for models, trigamma, 3:1698–1700 9:6164–6168 8:4916–4921 trinomial, 14:8770–8771 Planck, 9:6169 self-decomposable, two-sided power, Poisson, 9:6190–6194 11:7546–7547 9:6303–6304 Poisson-beta, 9:6187–6188 self-reciprocal, 11:7547 uniform, 14:8852–8855 Poisson-binomial, 9:6188 semilognormal, uniform distribution Poisson-inverse Gaussian, 11:7573–7574 modulo 1, 14:8850–8852 Sherman, 12:7690 Von Mises’ step 2:954–955, 9:6195–6197 shot-noise processes and distribution Poisson-inverse Gaussian distributions, approximation, 13:8172 and Sichel compound, 12:7699–7703 Wakeby, 15:9017–9018 9:6195–6197 Sichel compound, Watson’s, 15:9039 Poisson-lognormal, 9:6198 9:6195–6197 Weibull, 15:9087–9091 Polya,´ multivariate, Siegel’s formula for Mann-Fertig test 9:6235–6238 multinormal, 8:5047 statistic for, Polya-Aeppli,´ 2:954, Simpson’s, 12:7742 15:9094–9096 9:6231–6234 Singh-Maddala, 12:7755 Weiss-type estimators of Polya´ type 2 frequency skew-normal family of, shape parameters, (PF2), 9:6241–6242 12:7780–7784 15:9125–9126 polylogarithmic, slash, 12:7789 Weibull-exponential, 9:6253–6256 Smith-Bain lifetime, 15:9096 poly-t, 9:6268 12:7807 weighted, 15:9107–9111 posterior, 9:6299–6301 stable, 12:7974–7977 Weiss-type estimators of power, two-sided, standardized, 3:1801 shape parameters, for 9:6303–6304 stationary, 12:7990 Weibull, 15:9125–9126 power function, 9:6304 step distribution Whittaker-type, 15:9136 power series, 9:6309–6313 approximation, Von Wishart, 15:9184–9188 prior, 10:6424–6425 Mises’, 13:8172 witch’s hat, 15:9189 apriori,1:203 Stirling, 13:8190–8192 wrapped, 15:9196 quadrinomial, 10:6661 Stirling family of, wrapped-up Cauchy, quartic exponential, 13:8192–8196 15:9196–9197 10:6743 Stoppa’s income, wrapped-up exponential, rain-rate, 10:6814–6815 5:3386–3387 3:2164 randomized gamma, studentized maximal, Yule, 15:9215 10:6852–6854 centered, 13:8366 Zeta, 15:9222–9223 random sum, stuttering Poisson, Distributions with added 10:6882–6883 13:8377–8378 zeros, 5:3492 Rayleigh, 10:6986–6988 subexponential, Distributive laws for reciprocal, 10:6989 13:8386–8387 propositions, 1:328 9278 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Disturbances, 3:1801–1802 hidden Markov models Dorfman-type screening Disturbed periodicity model, application, 7:4531 procedures, 2:1510 medical trials, 7:4724 3:1822–1824 Disutility. See Decision Dobson data, 1:293 Dosage, 7:4748 theory Doctors Dosage-response curve, Divergence, 7:4826–4829 death-rate correlation 1:557, 3:1825 Divergence coefficient, coefficients for certain Dose metameter, 3:1825, 3:1775 factors, 3:2027 7:4748 Diversity indices, Documentation, 10:6676 Dot diagram, 3:1825 3:1802–1805 Dodge-Romig lot tolerance Double-blind trials, 2:982 Divided differences, 4:2327, tables, 7:4427, 4428 Double censoring 13:8495 Dodge-type continuous and self-consistency, Dividing hypotheses, 12:7683 sampling plans, 11:7540 Divine Benevolence, or an 2:1340–1341 Double changeover designs, attempt to prove that the Dogma of precision, 10:6464 2:831 Principal End of the Doksum’s test for ordered Double exponential Divine Providence and alternatives, 15:9158 distribution, 6:3963 Government is the Doleans-Dades´ exponential Double Poisson distribution, Happiness of his martingale 13:8596 Creatures (Bayes), 1:393 and product integration, Double Poisson process, Divine providence 10:6523 9:6205 Arbuthnot’s arguments Domain of attraction, Double sampling, for, 1:205–206 3:1818–1820 3:1825–1829 Divisia indices, 3:1805–1807 Domain-referenced tests, Double-sampling plans, 1:24 Division problem (problem of 10:6611 Double-slit interference points), 10:6505–6506 Dominance model, for patterns, 10:6731–6732 Divorce, 14:9003 mean-variance, 7:4682 Double-tailed test, 3:1829 Dixon test, 3:1808 Dominance variance, 3:2121 Double Weibull distribution, Dixon-Tukey test, 14:8763 Donoho-Huber finite-sample 15:9094 DLR equation (Dobrushin, breakdown point, Doubling down, in blackjack, Lanford, and Ruelle), 1:664–667, 668 1:602 6:4043 Donsker’s theorem, 6:4185 Doubly decapitated DNA and asymptotic normality, distributions, forensic science studies, 1:273–274 3:1556–1557 4:2441 and product integration, Doubly noncentral transfer evidence at crime 10:6524 distributions, 3:1829 scene, 4:2439 Doob’s inequality. See Doubly stochastic matrix, DNA fingerprinting, Marginalization 6:3724 3:1808–1814 Doob’s upcrossing inequality Dow Jones Industrial DNA flow cytometry and martingales, 7:4572 Average (DJIA), 13:8312 mixture distributions, Doolittle method, Downton’s linear unbiased 7:4890 3:1820–1821 estimator, 13:8584 DNA microarray data, D-Optimality. See also Drug Bioequivalence Study statistical analysis of, Optimal designs Panel, 1:536 3:1815–1817 and trend-free block Drug efficacy study DNA repair, 2:702 designs, 14:8733 implementation (DESI), DNA sequence analysis, Whittle equivalence 4:2263 2:1058–1059 theorem, 3:1821–1822 Drug Information Journal, and evolutionary genetics, D-Optimality criterion, 7:4724 3:2122 1:396, 398 Drug screening false discovery rate, 4:2242 Dorfman-Sterrett screening screening designs, 11:7503 and genetic linkage, procedures, Drug studies 7:4281–4283 3:1822–1823 bioassays, 1:529–535 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9279

bioavailability and Dutch books, 1:243, 2:1037 weighted distribution bioequivalence, and conditional application to canonical 1:536–540 probability, hypothesis, 15:9111 bioequivalence confidence 2:1209–1211 Ecology. See Ecological intervals, 1:540–542 Dvoretzky-Kiefer-Wolfowitz statistics unimodal regression inequality, 3:1834 Econometrics, 3:1851–1859 application, 14:8871 and Vapnik-Chervonenkis aggregation application, Dry ice cloud seeding, inequality, 14:8945 1:58–59 15:9073–9074, 9078 Dynamical systems, 2:844 applied probability, D-Separation criterion, fractal dimensions, 4:2469 1:187–188 1:427 and Maxwell, 7:4653 Bayesian forecasting, DTARCH models, Dynamic Bayesian models, 1:401 3:1829–1831 1:401–402 and business forecasting, Dual scaling. See component linear, 1:683–691 Correspondence analysis 1:403–404 causation in, 2:781 Duane model (Weibull mixtures of, 1:405–406 Fair-Jaffee model, process), 15:9098 multivariate, 1:406–407 4:2233–2235 Duane plot, 3:1832 nonnormal nonlinear, lognormalusefulfor, Dudley metric, 3:1833 1:406 7:4397 Duhamel equation, 10:6524 normal linear, 1:402–403 stochastic differential Duncan’s k-ratio method Dynamic graphics, 9:5928 equation applications, comparisons with a Dynamic information matrix 13:8242–8247 control, 2:1116 tests, 7:4869 two-stage least squares Duncan’s multiple range Dynamic linear models, used in, 14:8802 test, 8:5105, 5108–5109 1:402–403 unit-root tests, 14:8876, Dunnett’s method, Dynamic linkage, 7:4286 8884–8885 8:5104 Dynamic programming, Econometrics.m Duodenal ulcers 3:1835–1839, 15:9193 conditioning diagnostics, actuarial health studies, Dynamic system, 6:4265 2:1240 1:31 Dynkin representation, Econometric Society, 1:155 Duration of play problem, 3:1696 Economic Control of Quality 4:2608 of Manufactured Product Durbin’s h-andt-tests, EAR(P) process. See 3:1833–1834 Exponential (Shewhart), 2:1346 Durbin’s method autoregressive models Economic Census, 14:8903, use with Hildreth-Lu Earthquakes, statistics of, 8907–8908, 8911–8912 scanning method, 1:309 3:1840–1842 Economic Census, 14:8903 use with probability East Germany Economic index numbers. proportional to size agricultural statistics See Index numbers sampling, 10:6490 applications, 1:83 Economics. See Econometrics Durbin’s rank test, Eberhardt statistic, 3:1844 ECTA, 2:767 10:6932–6933 Echelon form of a matrix, ED05, 1:532 Durbin-Watson statistic, 3:1844 ED50, 1:532 3:1833 Ecological statistics, estimation in bioassays, conditioning diagnostics, 3:1845–1850 1:534 2:1238 adaptive sampling ED90, 1:532 use with Hildreth-Lu application, 1:41, 42 estimation in bioassays, scanning method, 1:309, aggregation application, 1:534 310 1:58 EDF. See Empirical Durbin-Watson test for serial canonical correspondence distribution function correlation, analysis, 2:728–734 Edge bias 12:7651–7653 systems analysis, in area sampling, 1:229 Dur´ee des causes, 1:487 13:8522–8524 Edgelets, 1:442 9280 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Edge probability model, summary of subject Einstein, Albert random graphs, 10:6828 coverage, 3:1671 on quantum mechanics, Edges Edwards’ test for seasonality, 10:6730 dendrites, 3:1598 11:7515–7516 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Edgeworth, Francis Ysidro, Edward’s theorem, 3:1875 phenomenon 3:1860–1861 Effect component, in on quantum mechanics, Edgeworth curves ANOVA, 1:134 10:6739 frequency curves Effects function, in probit EISPACK estimation, 4:2520, analysis, 10:6498, conditioning diagnostics, 2522, 2525 6501–6502 2:1240 Edgeworth expansions, Efficacy, 3:1875 QR algorithms, 10:6652 2:1370–1373 Efficiency Elasticity, 3:1886 approximations to and admissibility, 1:54 Elderton-Pearson system distributions, 1:199 asymptotic relative, data editing application, approximations to 3:1875, 1876 3:1865 mathematical functions, intermediate or Election day exit polls, 7:4588 Kallenberg, 3:1891–1892 asymptotic expansion, 3:1876–1881 Election forecasting in the 1:260, 262, 263–264, 266 second-order, 3:1881–1884 United Kingdom, crystallography i-Efficiency, 3:1877 3:1886–1889 applications, 1:260, 262, Efficiency-robust linear tests Election projections, 3:1890–1892 263–264, 2:1461 conical alternative tests, Elections, transferable vote higher-order asymptotics, 2:1270–1272 system for, 3:1893–1894 1:288, 289 Efficient likelihood Electrical tabulation multivariate, 2:1372 estimators, 7:4633 machines, use by Census and U and V statistics, Efficient sampling plans, Bureau, 14:8914 14:8807, 8808 1:504–505 Electricians and U-statistics, 14:8921 Efficient score, 3:1884–1885 Employment Cost Index Edgeworth-Kapteyn Efficient weighing designs, data, 3:1980 principle, 6:3819 15:9104 Electronic data interchange Efron-Morris estimator, Edgeworth (EDI) in statistics, (Marshall-Edgeworth- 3:1885 3:1895–1896 Bowley index), Efron test Elementary events, 10:6738 7:4567–4568 and difference of means Elementary symmetric EDI (Electronic data test, 3:1688 statistics of order k, interchange), EGARCH model, 1:210–214 13:8496–8497 3:1895–1896 Eggs Elements analysis. See Editing statistical data, epidemiological statistics Commonality analysis 3:1861–1867 of dietary consumption, Elements of General deterministic tests, 3:2016 Statistics (Bonferroni), 3:1862–1864 Ehrenfest’s theorem, 10:6729 1:616 probabilistic tests, Ehrenfest urn models, Elements of Mathematical 3:1864–1865 14:8894 Analysis (Bonferroni), Educational statistics, Eigenvalues, 3:1886 1:616 3:1869–1873 component analysis, Elements of Statistical Education Finance Survey, 2:1138 Analysis (Wilks), 14:8913 Eigenvectors, 3:1886 15:9168 Edwards, A. L. (1972). component analysis, Elements of Statistics Experimental Design in 2:1138 (Bowley), 1:635 Psychological Research Eight factor rule, 14:8933 Elementwise product, 3:1896 key experimental design Eignevalue problem, Elfving, Gustav, text, 3:1666 10:6652 3:1897–1898 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9281

Elfving’s theorem, 3:1897 Emeralds Empirical response surfaces Elicitation, 3:1898–1903 crystals, 2:1459 in Monte Carlo studies, Elimination of variables, Empire Journal of 8:4984–4986 3:1906–1908 Experimental Empirical subsurvival Ellipsoidal normal Agriculture, 1:81–82 functions, 13:8405–8406 distribution, 2:1312 Empirical Bayes, Empirical wavelet Ellipsoid of concentration, 3:1931–1935 coefficients, 3:1908–1909 Empirical Bayes theory, 15:9048–9049 Elliptical copulas, 2:1367 3:1936–1948 Employer-Employee Data Elliptical distributions, Empirical bivariate File, 10:6993 extremal type, quantile-partitioned Employment 3:1909–1910 distribution, Current Population Elliptically contoured 3:1948–1951 Survey, 2:1476, 1482 distributions, Empirical distribution Employment and Earnings, 3:1910–1916 function, 3:1952–1953 2:1486 Elliptically symmetric and Kiefer process, Employment Cost Index, distributions, 7:4436 6:3848 3:1979–1984 Elliptical normal density and P-values, Enantiomorphs, 15:9201 function, 2:1312 10:6640–6641 Encryption keys Elliptical peeling, 9:6044 quantile processes, random sequences for, Elliptical symmetry, tests of, 10:6709 1:106 12:7924–7930 and Watson’s U2, 15 :9039, Endangered Species Act Ellis, Leslie 9040 and risk management, and axioms of probability, Empirical distribution 11:7288 1:329 function statistics, Endemic disease El Nino˜ events, 1:296 3:1953–1956 Reed-Frost model, 11:7036 El Nino˜ Southern Oscillation tests of uniformity, Endogenous switching (ENSO), 1:296 14:8860–8861 regressions, 11:7095 Elo rating method, 9:6042 Empirical evidence Endogenous variables, EM algorithm, 3:1918–1925 and probability 14:8955 computer-intensive forecasting, Endpoints method, 2:1149 data editing applications, 10:6451–6452 clinical trials, 2:991 3:1862 Empirical false discovery Energy consumption data imputation rate, 4:2241 Bayesian forecasting, application, 3:1865 Empirical likelihood, 1:401 frailty models application, 3:1956–1962 Energy demand 4:2498 Empirical likelihood ratio Bayesian forecasting, mixing distributions, function, 3:1950 1:401 7:4886, 4892–4893, 4896 Empirical likelihood Energy function, Debeye, use in back-projection of theorem, 3:1950–1951 3:1984–1985 AIDS, 1:336–337 Empirical optimization, Enforcement level, 9:5983 vaccine study application, 3:1988 Engel, Ernst C. L., 14:8937–8938 Empirical power 3:1985–1987 Embedded chain of the P-values, 10:6640–6641 Engineering regenerative process, Empirical processes, cycles, 2:1509 3:1927 3:1963–1975, 8:5194 final prediction error Embedded multivalue and Kiefer process, 6:3848 criteria application, dependency, 2:1194 weighted, 15:9112–9115 4:2309 Embedded processes, Empirical quantile function, Engineering statistics, 3:1926–1930 10:6709 3:1987–1991 Embedding curvature, Empirical reduced variance, English biometric school, 3:1691 14:8993 3:1991–1992 9282 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Enhanced mosaic displays, Equal Employment Error component, in 8:4996–4998 Opportunity ANOVA, 1:134 Entropy, 3:1992–1996 Commission, 14:8933 composition of, 1:137–138 Boltzmann’s contributions, Equality of variances, Error function methods 1:615 Good-Baker tests for, mixing distributions, lattice systems, 6:4043 3:2044–2046 7:4886 Entropy-based test of Equalization of variances, Error matrix, 15:9170 normality, 8:5666–5667 14:8975 Error mean square Entropy densities, Equalizer rule, for minimax balanced incomplete 3:1996–1997 estimation, 7:4797 blocks, 1:607 Entropy estimation, Equal load sharing, randomized complete block 3:1997–1999 7:4312–4314 analysis, 1:611 Envelope power curve, Equally possible cases, 1:329 Error of measurement 8:5002–5003 Equally probable cases, 1:329 psychological testing, Environmental Protection Equal probability selection 10:6610 Agency methods (epsem), Error of the third kind. See and FDA programs, 4:2258 10:6567 Consulting, statistical risk management, 11:7288, Equatorial distributions, Errors 7289 4:2858 in factor analysis, 8:5151 Environmental risk, Equilibrium state, 6:4043 of first type, 3:2063–2064 11:7288–7289 Equinormal distributions, of second type, Environmental statistics, 8:4934. See also Modified 3:2063–2064 3:1999–2004 normal distributions in variables, 3:2059–2062 Environmental tests, 6:4159 Equiprobable, random Error sum of squares Environmetrics, graphs, 10:6828 Ward’s clustering 3:2005–2006 Equivalence class algorithm, 15:9033, 9034 E-Optimality Markov processes, 7:4548 Essai (Condorcet), 14:9010 and trend-free block Equivalent estimators, Essay d’analyse sur les jeux designs, 14:8733 3:2047–2049 de hazard (Montmort), EPA. See Environmental Equivalent event fallacy, 1:471 Protection Agency 1:629 Essay (Malthus), Epidemic changepoint model, 2:843 Equivalent Hadamard 7:4463–4464 Epidemics, 3:2006–2013 matrices, 14:8848–8849 Essay on the Usefulness of among intravenous drug Equivalent plans. See Double Mathematical Learning, users, 3:2015–2016 sampling An (Arbuthnot), 1:204 applied probability Erdos-Feller-Kolmogorov-¨ Essays in Probability and studies, 1:188 Petrovski (EFKP) upper Statistics (Bartlett), logistic processes, class function, 10:6715 1:370 7:4377–4378 Erdos-R¨ enyi´ law of large ‘‘Essay Towards Solving a Epidemiological statistics, numbers, 6:3979 Problem in the Doctrine 3:2016–2027, and longest runs, 2:1060 of Chance, An’’ (Bayes), 2016–2043, 2029–2043 Ergodic Markov chain, 1:394 aggregation application, 7:4521, 4548 Esscher transform, 3:2064 1:58 Ergodic stochastic processes Essentially complete decision Mantel-Haenszel statistic, in economics, 14:8824 rules, 1:54, 15:9023 7:4403 Ergodic theorems, Essentially convergent Epidemiology, 1:553–555 3:2049–2052 series, 14:8801 risk management, 11:7289 Ergodic theory, 2:846 Estimability, 3:2064–2067 Epistemic probability, 1:458 Erlang distribution, 3:2053 Estimability criterion, Epstein scoring rule, in Error analysis, 3:2053–2059 Milliken’s, 3:2067–2068 weather forecasting, reference base, Estimated explained 15:9072–9073 3:2053–2054 variation, 14:8988–8990 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9283

Estimating equations, Estimation (Main articles Bonsel and Væth 3:2069–2071 only.) estimators of expected Estimating functions, Bhattacharyya bounds for survival curves, 3:2072–2076 unbiased estimation, 3:2141–2142 Estimating performance of 14:8817–8818 Bonsel’s estimator of selected population binomial parameter, expected survival selective inference, Clopper-Pearson curves, 3:2141–2142 11:7537 interval estimation, change-in-ratio estimators, Estimation 1:528 2:824–827 ARCH and GARCH bounds, Cooke’s method of closeness of estimators, models, 1:212 estimation, 1:633–634 2:998 Box-Cox transformations, classical, 3:2078–2086 Efron-Morris estimator, 1:638 coefficient of 3:1885 causation, 2:789–790 determination, equivalent, 3:2047–2049 censored data, 2:795–797 estimation of, fractional rank estimators, censored linear regression 2:1029–1030 4:2494–2495 models, 2:801–803 density estimation, full-information changeover designs, 3:1605–1622 estimators, 4:2560–2562 2:829 entropy estimation, Goldie-Smith estimator, competing risks, 3:1997–1999 13:8530–8531 2:1124–1127 method of moments, Grubb’s estimators, 3:2092–2096 5:3020–3025 crop estimation without method of sieves, G-spectral estimator, satellite data, 2:1440 3:2098–2100 5:3026–3027 crop estimation with mixtures of normal Hodges-Lehmann satellite data, distributions, estimators, 5:3180–3182 2:1440–1441 7:4913–4914 Horvitz-Thompson Current Population model-unbiased, estimators Survey, 2:1487–1490 3:2101–2103 for population size, and decision theory, in restricted parameter 9:6295–6297 3:1563–1564 spaces, 3:2087–2090 robustified, midrange, 7:4768–4769 stochastic compartment 5:3221–3223 minimum chi-square, See models, 2:1120–1121 internal additive Minimum chi-square using pseudo-likelihood, consistency of, 5:3591 minimum distance, See 10:6589–6591 Jackson estimator, 6:3733 Minimum distance and weak convergence, James-Stein estimators, estimation 15:9065–9066 6:3734–3736 mixing distributions, Estimative density function, Kaplan-Meier estimator, 7:4884–4885, 9:6367 6:3802–3813 4891–4893 Estimative distances, 9:6367 kernel estimators, in probit analysis, Estimator ill conditioning, 6:3838–3839 10:6502 2:1237 Kuks-Olman estimator of standardized rates, Estimators regression, 10:6963–6964 admissibility, 1:51, 53 11:7067–7068 stochastic compartment internal additive Lehmann contrast models, 2:1120–1121 consistency of, 5:3591 estimators, 6:4124–4127 using pseudo-likelihood, triefficiency, 14:8762 Lynden-Bell estimator, 10:6589–6591 Estimators (Main articles 7:4434–4435 and weak convergence, only) Marl estimator, 15:9065–9066 Bayes linear estimators, 7:4564–4566 Estimation efficiency factor. 6:4208–4209 mean See Blocks, balanced Berkson’s 2n rule for logit James-Stein estimators incomplete estimator, 7:4385 of, 6:3734–3736 9284 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Estimators (Main articles Susarla-van Ryzin Europe only) (continued) estimator, heart disease Searls’ estimators of, 13:8488–8489 epidemiological 7:4666–4667 synthetic, 13:8512 statistics, 3:2025 median unbiased tail-index estimator, European Organization for estimators, 7:4713–4714 13:8530–8531 Quality, 1:122 Menon estimators for wedge estimator, 15:9087 Eurostat quality concept, Weibull parameters, weighted least squares 10:6677 15:9096–9097 rank estimators, Ev´´ enements independents, M-estimators, 15:9119–9120 14:8897 7:4735–4740 Weiss-type estimators of Ev´´ enements rares, 14:8897 shape parameters, for MGF estimator, Ev´´ enements usuels, 14:8897 Weibull distributions, 7:4764–4765 Evenness, 3:1804 15:9125–9126 Mickey’s ratio and Even-point estimation, Zellner estimator for regression estimators, 3:2106–2108 seemingly unrelated 10:6965–6967 Event history analysis, multivariate ratio regression, 11:7522–7523 3:2108–2114 estimators, 8:5325 Events, 1:104, 327–331 Murthy estimator, 8:5370 Ethical problems. See also Law; Statistical algebra of, 1:104, 331 odds ratio estimators, complementary, 2:1128 9:5722–5725 disclosure limitation clinical trials, 2:986–987 conditional Pascual’s ratio estimator, statistical consulting, probability/expectation 10:6971 2:1291 given an, 2:1221 permissible, 9:6069 Etiology, of a disease, 3:2016 disjoint subset of, 9:5909 Persson-Rootzen´ Euclid, 1:327 equivalent event fallacy, estimator, 9:6088 Euclidean action, 10:6742 1:629 Pitman estimators, Euclidean distance, 2:968 mutually exclusive, 1:328, 9:6142–6145 Eugenics, 1:168 8:5381 Range-preserving Eugenics Education Society, mutually independent set estimators, 9:6069, 1:169 of, 9:5909 10:6898–6899 Eugenics Society, 1:169 probability assessment, Rev´ esz´ estimator of Eulerian numbers, 2:1084, 1:240 regression function, 3:2104–2105 11:7271–7272 in quantum mechanics, and ballot problems, 1:354 10:6739 sandwich estimators, Euler-Maclaurin expansion, 11:7431 rare-event risk analysis, 3:2105 10:6946–6951 Schweppe-type estimators Euler-Maclaurin formula space of elementary, for linear regression, and Bernoulli numbers, 10:6481 6:4259–4260 1:467 Everett’s central difference Searls’ estimators, Euler polynomial, 3:2105 interpolation formula, 7:4666–4667 Euler-Schouten curvature, self-consist estimators, 3:1691 2:810 11:7546 Euler’s conjecture, Evidence sequential rank 3:2105–2106 belief as evidence, 3:2118 estimators, Euler’s constant, 3:2106 combining, 4:2441 12:7641–7643 Euler’s first integral, 3:2106 Dempster-Shafer theory S-estimators, Euler’s integrals, 3:2106 of, 3:2116–2119 12:7667–7670 Euler’s second integral, evaluation, 4:2440–2441 Shorack estimators, 3:2106 eyewitness testimony as, 12:7698 E-Unbiasedness, 8:5118 6:4091 shrinkage estimators, EUREDIT Project, 3:1862, statistical evidence, 12:7704–7706 1867 12:8033–8036 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9285

E-VIEW package Expectation of life, 6:4155 analysis; Measurement ARCH models included, Expected geometry, 3:1689 error 1:212 Expected information Experimentwise error rate, Evolutionary genetics, matrix, 9:6095 3:2143 3:2120–2123 Expected likelihood yoke, Expert opinion Evolutionary operation 3:1692, 15:9213 elicitation, 3:1899 (EVOP), 3:2123–2130 Expected probability, and probability Evolutionary trees, 2:972 3:2140 assessment, 1:243–244 EVOP. See Evolutionary Expected sample sizes, Expert systems operation (EVOP) inequalities for, Bayesian networks in, Ewens sampling formula, 5:3451–3453 1:429 3:2131–2134 Expected skewness tensor, and Dempster-Shafer EWMA charts 3:1690 theory of evidence, mean-shift detection Expected survival curves, 3:2116, 2118–2119 procedure, 7:4671–4673, Bonsel and Væth Markvov networks, 4675–4676 estimators of, 7:4540 Exact aggregator functions, 3:2141–2142 probabilistic, 3:2143–2150 3:1806 Expected utility function Explained residual variation, Exact matching, and decision theory, 3:1559 14:8985–8991 10:6991–6994 Expected utility hypothesis, Explained variation, Exact propagation 3:1559 14:8985–8991 algorithms, 1:432, Expected-utility theory, Explanatory variables, 7:4543 14:8927–8928 2:1186, 14:8955 Examination of and uncertainty in power transformations, Dr. Woodward’s Account economics, 14:8705 of the Deluge, An 14:8826–8827 transformation, (Arbuthnot), 1:204 Expected value, 3:2142, 14:8700 Excess, 3:2135–2136 7:4657 Explicit edit, 3:1863 Excessive function. See mathematical functions to Exploratory data analysis, Dynamic programming approximate, 7:4587 3:2151–2154 Excess/spread statistics Experience, 3:2143 data reduction, 11:7028 for outlier detection, Experience rating 9:5887 in actuarial science, trace, 14:8687 Exchangeability, 1:34–35 Exploratory factor analysis, 3:2136–2140 Experimental Agriculture, 4:2210 and probability 1:81, 82 Exponential autoregressive assessment, 1:242 Experimental design models, 3:2155–2158 Exchangeable multivariate in agricultural science, Exponential dispersion distributions, 8:5160 1:82–83 model, 9:5895 Exchangeable prior annotated bibliography, Exponential distribution, distribution, 10:6425 3:1664 3:2159–2163 Exercise and causation, 2:789 characterization, epidemiological statistics, cluster randomization, 2:859–860 3:2016 2:1011–1012 exponentiated, epidemiological studies, with mixtures, 3:2163–2164 3:2031 14:8847–8848 transformation to Exogenous switching Experimental Design exponentiality, 2:860 regressions, 11:7095 (Cochran and Cox), Weibull distribution Exogenous variables, 2:1027 compared, 15:9087, 14:8802, 8955 Experimental error, 2:1029. 9090 Expectation, 7:4657, 10:6494. See Analysis of variance; wrapped-up, 3:2164 See Expected value Coefficient of Exponential families, Huygens work on, 5:3275 determination; Error 3:2164–2172 9286 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Exponential generalized Extremal processes, wavelet application, autoregressive 3:2179–2183 15:9061 conditionally Extreme observations in two Wherry cleanup, 4:2222 heteroscedastic populations, Moses’ test Factor analysis by (EGARCH) model, 1:209, for, 3:2185 instrumental variables 210–214 Extreme studentized (FABIN), 4:2210–2213 Exponentiality deviate. See Studentized Factor analysis-of-variance and tests of uniformity, extreme deviate (FANOVA) model, 14:8863–8864 Extreme-value distributions, 4:2218–2222 Exponential mixture models, 3:2185–2191 Factorial cumulants, 4:2223 Mosler-Seidel test in, declustering techniques, Factorial designs, 4:2224 3:2173–2174 3:2192–2193 emphasis of key Exponential resource usage, and Weibull distribution, experimental design 1:19 15:9087–9088 texts on, 3:1671t Exponential scores. See Extreme-value theory Factorial experiments, Log-rank scores and Van Montfort-Otten 4:2223–2226 Exponential smoothing, test, 14:8940–8941 clinical trials, 2:982, 3:2174–2176 Eye estimate, 3:2193 990–991 business forecasting, Eyewitness testimony, marketing studies, 7:4500 1:684–686 2:1065 uniform design example, Exposed to risk, 3:2177 use as evidence, 14:8845–8846 uniformity in, Exposure efficacy, vaccines, 6:4091 14:8848–8849 14:8938 Eyring model use in ANOVA, 1:134 Extended admissible of accelerated failure time, and weighing designs, procedure, 2:1211 1:15 15:9105 Extended conjugate families, Yates’ algorithm for 2:1278 Faa` di Bruno’s formula, facilitating calculation Extended hypergeometric 4:2195–2196 by hand, 15:9208 distribution, 5:3288 FACE-1 (Florida Area Factorial moment generating Extended marginal Cumulus Experiments), function, 4:2751 homogeneity model 15:9082–9083 Factorial moments, 4:2227 ordered contingency FACE-2 (Florida Area Factorials tables, 2:1303 Cumulus Experiments), and finite difference Extended Richards growth 15:9083–9084 calculus, 4:2328 curve, 11:7273 Face-to-face interviewing, Factorial series Extended totally positive 10:6627 distributions, function of order r, Face-to-face sampling, 4:2227–2231 13:8316 10:6627 Factorial series family. See External ancillary statistics, Facet theory, 4:2196–2202 Exponential families 1:147, 149–150 Factor analysis, Factor potentials, 7:4538 External constraint 4:2204–2209, Factor rotation, 8:5152 problems, 7:4821 8:5151–5153 Factors, 4:2223, 8:5151 External criterion analysis, in archaeology, Factor scores, 8:5153 2:1002 1:218 Factor similarity measures, Externally studentized finance applications, 4:2231–2232 range, 13:8367 4:2312 Faculty of Actuaries in External studentization, minimum rank, Scotland, 5:3547 13:8362 4:2214–2215 Failure Extrapolation, 3:2177 minimum trace, Bernoulli trials, 1:469 and prediction, 9:6246 4:2216–2218 of trial, 1:329 Extremal coefficients, tests of unidimensionality, and wear, 15:9070 3:2177–2179 14:8837–8840 Failure function, 14:8888 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9287

Failure probability, 1:501 Farr, William, 4:2245–2247 Federal statistics, Failure rate, 4:2233 contributions to medicine, 4:2268–2275 and life testing, 6:4159 7:4719 Federer, W. T. (1955). Failure rate classification of Farrar-Glauber collinearity Experimental Design: distributions. See test, 2:1072–1074 Theory and Application Hazard rate and other Farrington’s modified key experimental design classifications of Pearson’s chi-square, text, 3:1667 distributions 9:6034–6036 summary of subject Failure rate function Fast Fourier transform coverage, 3:1671 and probabilistic and binning, 1:500 Federov, V. V. (1972). Theory reliability, 11:7133 wavelets, 15:9043 of Optimal Experiments, Failure time Fast fractional Gaussian 3:1667 and accelerated life noise, 4:2487 Feedback testing, 1:10–11 Fatality rate, 8:4994 time series, 2:791–792 Failure to adjust error rate Father wavelet, 15:9046 Feedback control, 4:2280 for multiple inferences, Fatigue bias, 11:7232 Feedforward control, 4:2280 4:2236–2237 Fatigue-life distribution, Feedforward-feedback Failure to include relevant Birnbaum-Saunders, control schemes, covariates, 4:2235–2236 4:2247–2249 4:2275–2280 Failure truncated data, Fatigue models, Feedforward neural network 9:6305–6306 4:2250–2252 classification applications, Failure truncation, 2:978 Fault tree analysis, 9:6305–6306 Fellegi-Holt method, for 4:2253–2257 Weibull processes, imputation, engineering statistics 15:9099–9100 3:1865–1866 applications, 3:1990 Fair-Jaffee model, Feller, William, Faulty inspection 4:2233–2235 4:2281–2282 distributions. See Faithfulness condition, 2:786 Feller coupling, 3:2133 Dorfman-type screening Fallacies Feller diffusion process, procedures in gambling, 4:2609 3:1696 FDA statistical programs statistical, 4:2535–2539 Feller’s diffusion process, an overview, 4:2258–2261 with time-series data, 3:1696 4:2238 human drugs, Fence Fallacious probability 4:2261–2266 bivariate boxplots, reasoning, 4:2238 F-distribution, 4:2266–2267 1:651–652, 653 Falls, 2:1068 approximations to in five-number summaries, False alarms distributions, 1:193 4:2382 and control charts, 2:1351 zero degrees of freedom, Fermat, Pierre de, Shewart charts, 7:4668 15:9220 4:2283–2284 False correlation Fechner densities, axioms of probability, interpretation, 2:1382 4:2267–2268 1:329 False discovery rate, Fecundity, 4:2286 and history of probability, 4:2240–2242 and stochastic 10:6469 False non-rejection rate, demography, 13:8227 and problem of points, 4:2241–2242 Federal Assistance Awards 10:6505 Family confidence coefficient, Data Systems, 14:8913 Fermi-Dirac, 1:618 Federal Food, Drug, and Maxwell-Boltzmann, Family Expenditure Survey, Cosmetic Act, 4:2258 and Bose-Einstein 10:6993 Federal Insecticide, statistics, 4:2284–2286 Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern Fungicide, and Fermi-Dirac distribution, (FGM) distributions, Rodentcide Act (FIFRA) 4:2286 4:2243–2245 and risk management, Fermi-Dirac statistics, Farming. See Agriculture 11:7288 4:2284–2286 9288 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Fermion theories, in Paulson approximation Finland quantum physics, from combination with biogeographic studies, 10:6742 Wilson-Hilferty 1:545 Ferroelectrics, 6:4044 approximation, heart disease Fertility, 14:9002–9003 9:6023–6024 epidemiological cohort analysis, Fieller’s theorem statistics, 3:2025 2:1050–1051 and bioassays, 1:531 Finney, D. J. (1955, 1974). and Malthusian and bioavailability, 1:539 Experimental Design parameter, 7:4465 50% midrange, 6:3619 and Its Statistical Basis Fertility measurement, FIGARCH models, 1:211, 214 key experimental design 4:2286–2290 Figurate numbers. See text, 3:1667 Fertility rates Combinatorics summary of subject and stochastic Filtration, 4:2306–2307 coverage, 3:1671 demography, 13:8227 Final prediction error Finney, D. J. (1975). An Fetal death, 14:9001 criteria, generalized, Introduction to the Feynman, Richard 4:2307–2309 Theory of Experimental contributions to statistical Finance, 1:364, 4:2310–2315 Design mechanics, 10:6730 Financial time series, key experimental design Feynman-Kac formula, 4:2316–2326 text, 3:1667 10:6740 Finite difference calculus, summary of subject Feynman-Kac-Ito formula, 4:2327–2328 coverage, 3:1671 10:6740 Finite difference operators First circular serial FFT distribution, 4:2290 Delta operators and correlation coefficient, Fiber bundles. See poweroids, 9:6315 1:2 Load-sharing systems Finitely additive strategy, First derivative ancillary Fibonacci distributions, 2:1217 statistics, 1:153–154 4:2291 Finite Markov chains. See First-digit problem, Fibonacci numbers, 4:2291 Markov processes 4:2334–2335 Fiducial argument, 4:2297 Finite mixture density First incomplete moment, Fiducial distributions, function, 7:4881 2:1178 4:2291–2296, 2297, Finite mixture of Poisson First-in-first out (FIFO), 2302 processes, 9:6205 10:6426 Fiducial estimators Finite mixtures, First moment measure, finite populations, 4:2332 7:4881–4882 9:6184–6185 Fiducial inference, Finite population correction, First-order asymptotic 4:2296–2301 4:2329 methods, 1:286 and confidence intervals, Finite populations First-order autoregressive, 2:1252–1253 Bayesian forecasting, first-order moving logic of, 7:4368 1:401 average ARMA model, Fiducial limits, 4:2297 sequential estimation of 1:320 Fiducial probability, 4:2302, the mean in, First-order autoregressive 2302–2306 12:7623–7625 ARMA model, 1:320 Field, 1:104 Finite population sampling, First-order divided σ-Field, 1:104 4:2329–2333 differences, 4:2327 Fieldwork, for census, 2:807 proportional allocation, First-order efficient Fieller-Creasy paradox, 10:6566 estimators, 1:287 1:599 Finite-sample breakdown First-order gaps, of samples, and fiducial probability, point, 1:664–665 12:7863 4:2304 Finite volume Hamiltonian First-order informative Fieller’s approximation to lattice systems, 6:4042 sample size, 11:7408 distribution of ratio of Finkelstein’s modified First-order local ancillary two normal variables Weibull process, 15:9102 statistics, 1:147 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9289

First-order Markov contributions to Fisher-Neyman assumption, 14:8710 multivariate analysis, decomposition, 2:1200 First-order moving average 8:5143 Fisher-Neyman factorization ARMA model, 1:320 and controversy over theorem. See Sufficiency First-passage percolation, two-by-two-tables, Fisher’s chi-squared 9:6064–6065 14:8791, 8792 approximation, 4:2351 First passage time correspondence with Fisher’s combinations of distribution, 10:6990 Wilson, 15:9177 P-values First passage time and factorial experiments, Westberg’s adaptive probability, 10:6893 4:2223 approach compared, First-passage times and inverse probability, 13:8587 aging, 1:60–67 6:3686–3687 Fisher’s exact and Barnard’s Markov processes, and maximum likelihood tests, 4:2351–2356 7:4549–4551 estimation, 7:4630 Fisher’s exact test, 1:511, First product moment, probability integral 4:2351–2356, 4:2335 transformations, 2360–2362 First symmetric difference, 10:6476 with categorical data, 13:8495 randomized complete 2:766 Fish blocks, 1:608–609 Fisher’s F-distribution. See adaptive sampling Fisher-Bonferroni method, F-distribution application, 1:41 8:5104 Fisher’s ideal index number, classification, 2:972 4:2363–2366 Fisher consistency, 7:4737 mixing distributions in Fisher’s k-statistics, Fisher discriminant. See studying length, 7:4881 4:2366–2370 Discriminant analysis sampling studies, 1:163 and angle brackets, 1:159 Fisher distribution, 4:2335 Fisher, Irving, 4:2343 Fisher’s linear discriminant Fisher-Ford method Fisher, R. A. (1966). Design function Manly-Parr estimator of Experiments and Wald’s W-statistics, compared, 1:160 key experimental design 15:9028 Fisheries, catch curve in, text, 3:1667 Fisher’s problem of the Nile, 4:2335–2336 summary of subject 4:2370–2371 Fisheries research, coverage, 3:1671 Fisher’s program, Fisher, Ronald Aylmer, 4:2336–2339 4:2372–2374 4:2344–2350 Fisher inequality, 4:2340 Fisher’s protected least agricultural scientific work Fisher information, significant difference leads to blocking, 1:82, 4:2340–2342, 2347 method, 8:5104 608 and ancillary statistics, Fisher’s test approach to and analysis of covariance, 1:143, 146 index numbers, 1:126 and efficient score, 3:1884 13:8574–8576 and analysis of variance, higher-order asymptotics, Fisher’s test of periodicity. 1:134 1:287 See Periodicity and ancillary statistics, and Hodges Fisher’s Z-distribution, 1:143, 146, 153 superefficiency, 4:2376 balanced incomplete 13:8435–8436 Fisher’s Z-transformation, blocks, 1:604 Fisher information function 4:2376–2380, 14:8703 collaboration with Yates, psychological testing, fails in canonical analysis, 15:9211 10:6612 2:718 on consulting, 2:1288 Fisher information matrix Z from nonnormal sample, contributions to fiducial for censored data, 2:797 4:2379–2380 distributions, 4:2293, Fisher-Irwin test, 4:2360 Z from normal sample, 2302–2305 Fisher linear discriminant. 4:2376–2378 contributions to genetics, See Discriminant Fisher-Yates-Terry- 7:4725 analysis Hoeffding test, 4:2381 9290 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Fisher-Yates tests, Florida Area Cumulus Force of mortality, 4:2425, 4:2381–2382 Experiments (FACE-2), 10:6960, 11:7133 rank correlation 15:9083–9084 and bathtub curve, 1:378 coefficients, 2:1378 Flowgraph, 4:2410 Kaplan-Meier estimator, Fitting equations to data. See Flowgraph analysis, 6:3809 Curve fitting; Frequency 4:2410–2412 Forecaster’s reliability curves, systems of Flowgraph models, diagram, 10:6448 Fitting frequency curves. See 4:2412–2420 Forecasting, 4:2425–2432 Curve fitting; Frequency systematic procedure for Bayesian, 1:400–408 curves, systems of solving, 4:2416–24167 business forecasting Five-number summaries, Fluconazole, 1:238–239 methods, 1:683–691 4:2382 Fluctuating target models, elections in the United Fixed-, random-, and 2:1106 Kingdom, 3:1886–1889 mixed-effects models, Fluctuation problems, manpower planning, 4:2383–2386 9:6122–6123 7:4479–4481 Fixed blocks, 1:603 Fluglehre (von Mises), for marketing studies, Fixed-effects model, 14:9007 7:4502–4503 4:2383–2386, 14:8961 Fluid mechanics transferable vote systems, Bechhofer’s tables, 4:2383 wavelet application, 3:1893–1894 as Model I, 8:4929 15:9042 weather forecasting Fixed order reaction curve, Fluoride in drinking water Brier score, 15:9071–9072 2:1445 epidemiological statistics, Epstein scoring rule, Fixed point, 4:2477 3:2023–2024 15:9072–9073 Fixed-station networks, Flushing distance transect Wiener-Kolmogorov statistical method, 14:8695 prediction theory characteristics of, Focus of expansion, 2:1170, application, 15:9142 4:2387–2388 1171 yield forecasting in Fixed-stress accelerated life Fokker-Planck equations for agricultural surveys, tests, 6:4162–4163 Markov processes, 1:73, 78–79 Fixed-width confidence 3:1695, 7:4560–4561 Forecasting accuracy, 1:25 Folded distributions, 4:2421 intervals, 2:1253–1257 Forecasting Economic Time Fix-point algorithm, Folded Gaussian Series (Granger and 4:2391–2392 distribution, 10:6987 Newbold), 2:782 Fix-point method, Folded logistic Forecasting methods, 4:2430 4:2388–2395 parameterization, Forecast quality, 4:2430 FKG inequality, 2:772 Forecasts 4:2396–2397 Folded transformations, combination of, Flexagons, 14:8779–8780 4:2421–2422 4:2432–2436 Flexible designs, Follow-up, 4:2422–2425 well-calibrated, 4:2397–2408 Follow-up letter, 4:2425 15:9132–9134 number of stages, Follow-up studies, 10:6580 Foreign trade statistics, 4:2402–2405 Food and Drug international, Flexible discriminants, Administration (FDA) 4:2437–2438 2:977–978 bioavailability and Forensic science, Flood control, 3:1521–1522 bioequivalence, 4:2439–2444 Flood flows, and dam theory, 1:536–540 Forest inventory, 3:1521 statistical programs 4:2446–2448 Flood risk management, an overview, Forestry 11:7287 4:2258–2261 adaptive sampling Florida Area Cumulus human drugs, application, 1:42 Experiments (FACE-1), 4:2261–2266 area sampling application, 15:9082–9083 Football pools, 4:2610 1:228 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9291

Bitterlich’s angle-count Fourier inversion theorem, of Fractional Brownian motions method in, 4:2445 characteristic functions, and fractional Gaussian random fields, 10:6825 2:851 noises, 4:2484–2487 statistics in, 4:2446–2455 Fourier series, 4:2458 Fractional factorial designs, weighted distribution Fourier series curve 4:2226, 2487–2493 application, 15:9111 estimation and alias, 1:113 Forests, spatial structure, antismoothing, confounding, 2:1265–1266 4:2447 4:2459–2463 emphasis of key Forest stands, 4:2446, Fourier’s method of descent, experimental design 2452–2453 7:4799 texts on, 3:1671t Forms, bilinear and Fourier-Stiletje, 14:8813 Yates’ algorithm for quadratic, 4:2457 Fourier transform, facilitating calculation Forms of dissemination, 5:3569–3570. See by hand, 15:9210 10:6676 Integral transforms Fractional Gaussian noises, FORTRAN algorithms, astronomical applications, 4:2484–2487 1:109, 110 1:256 Fractional Forward difference, mixing distributions, integrodifferentiation, 4:2457–2458 7:4886–4887 4:2485–2486, 2494 Forward difference operator and Whittle likelihood, Fractional Levy´ motion, Delta operator and 15:9137 11:7551 poweroid, 9:6315 Four-magnitude Fractionally integrated distribution, structure generalized Forward interpolation, 1:292 invariants in x-ray autoregressive Forward-looking studies crystallography, 15:9202 conditionally epidemiological statistics, Four-parameter beta heteroscedastic 3:2020 distribution, 1:481 (FIGARCH) models, Forward martingale Four parameter 1:211, 214 sequence, 14:8918 quasibinomial Fractional rank estimators, Forward selection procedure. distributions, 10:6745 4:2494–2495 See Elimination of Fourteen points (Deming), Fractional regression, variables; Stepwise 14:8674 11:7065 regression Fourth moment statistics α-Fractional regression, Fossils, 1:179 for outlier detection, 11:7065 Chernoff faces, 2:881–882 9:5887 Fractional weighing designs, Foundations of Actuarial Fourth-spread, 4:2465 15:9104 Mathematics Fractal basin boundary, Frailty models, 4:2495–2498 (Bonferroni), 1:616 4:2480 event history analysis, Foundations of Probability Fractal dimensions and 3:2112–2113 Theory, Statistical estimation, 4:2465–2471 Frames, nonorthogonal Inference, and Statistical Fractal dust, 4:2475 wavelets, 15:9049–9050 Theories of Science Fractal image compression, Framingham: an evolving (Harper and Hooker), 4:2477–2478 longitudinal study, 2:782 Fractal index, 4:2468 4:2499–2502 Foundations of Scientific Fractals, 2:846, 4:2473–2482 epidemiological statistics, Inference, The (Salmon), dimensions and 3:2035 2:824 estimation, 4:2465–2471 as prospective study, Foundations of Statistics, landforms, 10:6802, 6803 10:6580 The (Savage), 2:824 random fields, 10:6825 France Fourier coefficients, 4:2458, Fractiles. See Quantile heart disease 2461–2462 Fractional ARIMA models, epidemiological wavelets, 15:9053–9054 4:2483–2484 statistics, 3:2025 Fourier integral transform, Fractional ARIMA process, purchasing power paritity, 5:3569 4:2484 10:6632 9292 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Franklin’s identity, and conditional Functional models, 13:8355 4:2502–2504 probability, 2:1206 Functional networks, Franscini, Stefano, developments based on 4:2573–2582 4:2504–2505 complexity, 10:6462 Functional relationship, Fraser structural model. See for linear calibration, 2:698 14:8813 Equivalent estimators Frequentist view of Functionals Frechet´ bounds, probability, 1:242 L-statistics as, 4:2505–2511 Friedman’s chi-square test, 7:4431–4432 Frechet´ derivative. See also 4:2551–2553 Function estimation Statistical functionals Friedman’s urn model, penalized likelihood in, and Bayesian robustness, 4:2554–2555 9:6046–6052 1:438 Frisch-Waugh theorem for wavelets for, Freedom, degrees of. See partial time regression, 15:9055–9060, 9061 Degrees of freedom 9:5995–5999 Function fitting Free Euclidean field, 10:6741 Frontiers of AI and atmospheric statistics, Free-knot splines, Statistics, 2:792 1:292 4:2512–2513 FROOT. See Folded Functionograms, 11:7107 Freeman-Halton test, 4:2514 transformations Functions, approximations Freeman-Tukey statistic, Fruit blends to, 7:4587–4591 4:2514–2515 general acceptance values, Functions decreasing in Freeman-Tukey test, 1:515, 7:4872 transposition, 14:8665 F-tests, 4:2555–2559 4:2514–2515 Fundamental analysis, balanced incomplete Freeman-Tukey financial time series, blocks, 1:607 transformations. See 4:2318 for judging ANOVA, 1:133, Variance stabilization Fundamental bioequivalence 139, 140–141, 173 Free Markov field, 10:6741 assumption, 1:536 randomized complete block French Statistical Society, Fundamental identity of analysis, 1:611 4:2516–2517 sequential analysis, use in analysis of Frequency curves, systems 4:2583–2585, 15:9026 covariance, 1:132 of, 4:2517–2527 applications, Fubini’s theorem, 14:8655 techniques for fitting, 15:9026–9027 Full exponential family, 4:2523–2526 15:9213 Fundamental principle of Frequency Curves and Full-information estimators, direct methods, in x-ray Correlation (Elderton), 4:2560–2562 crystallography, 15:9200 1:196 Full width at half maximum Fung-Rahman test, Frequency data, 1:241–242 (FWHM), 4:2559–2560 14:8764 Frequency interpretation in Functional analysis Funnel tests, 4:2585–2588 probability and wavelet application, FUNOM (Full normal statistical inference, 15:9042 modification) 4:2530–2536 Functional central limit data imputation based upon complexity, theorems, 1:273–274, application, 3:1865 10:6462 6:4185 FUNOR (full normal Frequency moments, Functional data analysis, rejection) 10:6482–6483 4:2562–2569 data editing application, Frequency polygon, Functional equations, 3:1864, 1865 4:2536–2537 4:2570–2572 Future distribution, Frequency surfaces, systems Functional index numbers, 14:8655 of, 4:2537–2549 3:1806 Fuzzy methods Frequency table, 4:2551 Functional limit theorems, and logic, 10:6440, 6442 Frequentist inference 6:3651–3654 medical diagnosis, changepoint problem, Functional measurement, 7:4715 2:840 10:6604 Fuzzy sets, 10:6440, 6442 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9293

Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Gambler’s ruin problem, Gamma-minimax inference, 4:2595–2596 4:2608 4:2629–2631 Fuzzy set theory, and lattice path Gamma model 4:2588–2595 combinatorics, 6:4033 Lorenz curve for, and martingales, 7:4569 7:4422–4423 and passage times, 9:6009, Gamma probability plots, Gain ratio, 4:2597–2598 6010–6111 10:6485 Galaxy clustering, role in history of Gamma sampling 1:254–255 probability, 10:6470 distribution Galileo, 1:252 Gambling, 4:2608–2611 conjugate families of and history of probability, blackjack, 1:601–603 distributions, 2:1282 10:6469 risk management, Gamma wear process, Galileo’s contribution to 11:7285–7286 15:9070 probability theory, waiting times for success g-and-h-Distributions, 4:2598–2600 runs, 2:1058 4:2632–2635 Gall bladder disease Gambling fallacies, 4:2609 Gangster operator, 11:7560 actuarial health studies, Gambling with Truth (Levi), Gapping, 4:2635–2638 1:31 2:824 GARCH model, 1:209–214 Gallup polls, 10:6624 Games of chance, financial time series, election projections, 3:1890 4:2611–2613 4:2319–2323 Galois fields, 4:2601 and history of probability, Gart’s independence test Galois-Tukey connections, 10:6469 statistic, 4:2638 14:8779 and reflection principle, Gasser-Muller¨ estimator, Galton, Francis, 11:7039, 7042 3:1619 4:2602–2603 Game theory, 4:2613–2622 Gastric ulcers contributions to ballot problems, 1:353–357 actuarial health studies, anthropology, 1:176 and conditional 1:31 contributions to probability, Gastwirth’s estimator. See correlation, 2:1379 2:1205–1218 also Quantile contributions to and decision theory, 3:1558 trimean similar to, multivariate analysis, and utility theory, 14:8762 8:5143 14:8925 Gateaux derivative. See contributions to statistical Wald’s contributions, Statistical functionals genetics, 1:552–553 15:9020, 9023 Gate nodes, fault tree and probable error, Gamma binomial coefficient, analysis, 4:2253 10:6497 1:519 Gauge models, in quantum Galton Chair of Eugenics, Gamma distribution, physics, 10:6742 1:168 4:2622–2627 GAUSS Galton difference problem, arithmetic mean, 1:231 ARCH models included in 4:2601–2602 characterization, libraries, 1:212 Galton Laboratory, 1:168, 2:860–861 density estimation, 3:1614 170 mixing distributions in Gauss, Carl Friedrich, Galton-Watson process, study of 4:2639–2642 4:2603–2607 accident-proneness, approximations to criticality theorem, 7:4883 distributions, 1:192 2:1436 outlier resistance, 9:5889, astronomy contributions, embedded process, 5890 1:252 3:1927–1929 Weibull distribution Gauss-Helmert model, and landform formation, compared, 15:9090 4:2642 10:6804 Gamma-exponential model Gaussian Bayesian and probabilistic elicitation application, networks, 1:428–429 grammars, 7:4279 3:1900–1901 Gaussian binomial supercritical, 10:6883 Gammaization, 4:2629 coefficient, 1:519 9294 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Gaussian copulas, 2:1368 Gauss-Winckler inequality, General balance, Gaussian distribution. See 4:2651 4:2654–2660 Laws of error-I: Gaver-Miller processes, General correlation curves, development of the 1:65 2:1389–1390 concept; Laws of G-Conditioning, 3:2117 General exponential error-II: the Gaussian g Distribution, 4:2632–2635 families, 4:2660–2663 distribution; Laws of Geary-Khamis index, General homogeneous planar error-III: later 10:6631 random tessellations, (non-Gaussian) Geary’s average critical 10:6886 distributions; Normal value method, 1:322 Generalizability theory, distribution Geary’s contiguity ratio 4:2679–2685 Gaussian experiments, 1:277 and Moran’s I, 12:7876 Generalized additive models, Gaussian hypergeometric Geary’s ratio, 7:4656. See 4:2687–2694 functions, 5:3289, 3290 also Departures from and CART, 2:1154 and Yule distribution, normality, tests for computer-intensive 15:9215 approximations to method, 2:1149 Gaussianity distributions, 1:196, 200 Generalized random fields, 10:6826 Geary’s statistic, 7:4656. See additive-multiplicative Gaussian processes, also Departures from model 4:2643–2646 normality, tests for; in accelerated life testing, absolute continuity of Spatial independence 1:20 probability measures, Cliff-Ord test of; Spatial Generalized antieigenvalue 1:6, 8 processes of order k, 1:181 strict and weak Gegenbauer distribution, Generalized arc-sine stationarity are 4:2652 densities, 1:226 equivalent, 15:9069 special case of generalized Generalized autoregressive and Wiener measure, Charlier series conditionally 15:9144 distribution, 2:863 heteroscedastic Gaussian random fields, Gegenbauer (ltraspherical) (GARCH) models, 10:6826–6827 polynomials, 14:8812 1:209–214 Gaussian shift experiments, Gegenbauer polynomials, financial time series, 1:277–279 Gauss-Jordan elimination, 4:2652 4:2319 4:2647 and Jacobi polynomials, Generalized Bernoulli model, elimination of variables, 6:3734 Woodbury’s, 4:2695 3:1906 Gehan-Gilbert test, Generalized birth-and-death Gauss kernel, 1:674 4:2653–2654 processes, 1:572 Gauss-Markov theorem, and counting processes, Generalized bivariate normal 1:103, 4:2647–2649, 2:1410 distribution, 1:598 14:8819 and difference of means Generalized Brownian and arithmetic mean, test, 3:1688 bridge, 14:8880 1:232 and log-rank scores, Generalized canonical Gauss-Newton iteration. See 7:4401 variables, 4:2696–2699 Newton iteration GEID (General Id) systems Generalized Charlier series extensions fix-point method, 4:2391 distribution, 2:863 Gauss quadrature. See GEIS (Generalized Edit and Generalized (compound) Numerical integration Imputation System), binomial distribution, Gauss-Seidel iteration, 3:1866, 1867 1:521–522 4:2650–2651 GENCAT Generalized confidence Gauss’s inequality. See vehicle safety application, intervals. See Camp-Meidell inequality 14:8996–8997 Generalized P-values Gauss theorem. See General algorithm libraries, Generalized cross-validation, Gauss-Markov theorem 1:110 12:7943 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9295

Generalized estimation Generalized least squares Generalized poly-nacci equation and Aitken equations, distributions, 4:2291 multivariate binary data, 1:103 Generalized power series 1:490, 494–495 animal studies, 1:162 distribution, 8:4935 Generalized extreme value Generalized least-squares Lagrange and related model, 8:5044–5045 problem, 15:9118 distributions, 6:3944 Generalized F-distribution, Generalized likelihood ratio Generalized principal 4:2699 tests, 4:2711–2716 component analysis, Generalized feedback shid Generalized linear models, 10:6400 register pseudo-random 4:2716–2721 Generalized probit model number generators, computer-intensive in accelerated life testing, 10:6595–6596 method, 2:1149 1:21 Generalized Fibonacci Generalized logarithmic Generalized P-values, distributions, 4:2291 series distribution, 4:2738–2740 Generalized final prediction 8:4935 Generalized random fields, error criteria, Lagrange and related 10:6825 4:2307–2309 distributions, 6:3944 Generalized Rayleigh Generalized F-tests. See Generalized logistic distribution, 11:7273 Generalized P-values regression model Generalized Renyi´ Generalized gamma in accelerated life testing, dimensions, 4:2469 convolution, 12:7702 1:20 Generalized sequential Generalized gamma Generalized maximum probability ratio tests, convolutions, likelihood estimation, 4:2741–2742 4:2700–2702 4:2721–2725 Generalized trapezoidal Generalized Gaussian Generalized mean squared distribution, 14:8716 distributions, error, 7:4681 Generalized variance, 4:2703–2705 Generalized median, 7:4658 4:2743–2746, 15:9187 Generalized Hermite Generalized Generalized variances distribution, 5:3121 method-of-moments in MANOVA, 8:5146 Generalized hyperbolic estimation, 4:2725–2728 Generalized variations distributions, Generalized moments test. and successive differences, 5:3278–3279, 3282 See Horowitz-Neumann 13:8409 Generalized hypergeometric test Generalized Voronoi distributions, Generalized multinomial tessellations, 4:2705–2707, 5:3288 distribution. See 10:6885–6886 Generalized hypergeometric Multinomial distribution Generalized Wald’s identity, factorial moment Generalized negative 15:9027 distributions (GHFD), binomial distribution, Generalized Walsh 4:2707 8:4935 functions, 15:9031 Generalized hypergeometric Lagrange and related Generalizing, 2:950 functions, 5:3288–3289 distributions, 6:3944 Generalizing distribution, Generalized hypergeometric Generalized omega-square 2:950 probability distributions statistic, 4:2729–2730 General linear congruential (GHPD), 4:2707 Generalized order statistics, pseudo-random number Generalized inverse 4:2731–2736, generators, Gaussian distributions, 9:5838–5841 10:6594–6595 5:3282–3283. See Generalized Poisson General linear hypothesis. Halphen’s laws distribution, 8:4935 See General linear model Generalized inverses, Lagrange and related General linear model, 4:2708–2710 distributions, 6:3944 4:2665–2678 Generalized least favorable Generalized Polya-Aeppli´ General linear process, configuration, 6:4105 distribution, 2:954 9:5881 9296 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

General nurse practitioners GENSTAT Geometric total least death-rate correlation quasi-factorial designs, squares, 14:8661 coefficients for certain 10:6748 Geometry in statistics, factors, 3:2027 Trojan squares analysis, 4:2799–2809 General population 14:8772 convexity, 4:2809–2813 prospective studies, Geographical studies Geomorphology 10:6580 aggregation application, random fields, 10:6825 General processing tree 1:58 Geophysics, 4:2814–2820 models, 1:69 Geographic Information Geostatistical simulation, General quantile process, Layer, 2:1439 4:2832 10:6709 Geographic information Geostatistics, 4:2827–2832 General trade, 4:2437 systems (GIS), German (Hermann), Karl Generating function, of 4:2764–2770 Fedorovich, Bessel functions, 1:478 Geographic range 4:2833–2834 Generating functions, mapping, 1:543 German Statistical 4:2747–2752 modeling, 1:544 Association. See Generation life tables, 6:4156 predicting, 1:544–545 Statistiche Gesellschaft, Generation of random Geography, 4:2771–2775 Deutsche variables. See Random Geological statistics German Statistical Society, number generation Bayesian forecasting, 12:8148–8149 Generation of random 1:401 Germ-Grain models, variables, computer, Geology, 4:2776–2778 4:2835–2836 4:2752–2761 Markov process Ger-ro-Mar, Inc. v. FTC, Generator, diffusion process, applications, 7:4557 10:6648, 6650 3:1697 random fields, 10:6825 GESMES (generic statistical Generic drugs, 1:539–540 Geometrically ergodic message), 3:1896 Generic uniform laws of Markov chain, 11:7010 Ghosh-Pratt identity, large numbers, Geometrical process, 4:2836–2838 4:2762–2763 4:2793–2798 Ghosts, of observations, from Genesi e costruzione delle Geometric Brownian motion, truncaton, 14:8776 tavole di mutualita 1:673, 4:2324 Gibbs’ contributions to (Cantelli), 2:737 Geometric distribution, Genetic algorithms 4:2779–2780 statistical mechanics, chemometrics application, probability generating 10:6730 2:872, 875 function, 4:2748 Gibbs distributions, Genetical Theory of Natural Geometric mean, 4:2838–2842 Selection, The (Fisher), 4:2781–2783 Gibbsian model, in landform 4:2345 and arithmetic mean, development, Genetic epidemiology. See 1:233 10:6805–6806 Human genetics Geometric moving average, Gibbs mixture sampler Genetic linkage, 4:2784–2787 and witch’s hat 7:4281–4284 Geometric moving-average distribution, 15:9189 Genetic map distance, charts, 2:1351 Gibbs sampling, 7:4282 Geometric optics 4:2843–2849 Genetics and reflection principle, and Bayesian model hidden Markov models 11:7039 selection, 1:423 application, 7:4531 Geometric probability computer-intensive intraclass correlation theory, 4:2788–2791 method, 2:1149 coefficient, 6:3640 Geometric programming, financial time series selection intensity, 11:7527 7:4595 application, 4:2321 Genetics, human. See Geometric stable Markov chain Monte Carlo Human genetics; distributions, algorithms, 7:4519 Statistical genetics 4:2791–2792 medical trials, 7:4723 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9297

multivariate binary data, Glivenko-Cantelli theorems, Golden Book of Values 1:490 2:736, 4:2861–2864 pyramid scheme case, Gibbs sampling for Bayesian and product integration, 10:6649 analysis, 2:1154–1156 10:6524 Goldie-Smith estimator, Gibbs variational principle, and uniform distribution 13:8530–8531 6:4043 modulo 1, 14:8850, 8851 Gomory cut. See Integer Gill, J. L. (1978). Design and Global asymptotic normality, programming Analysis of Experiments 1:283–284 Gompertz curve in the Animal and Global Atlantic Tropical and Richards family of Medical Sciences Experiment, 10:6799 growth curves, 11:7273 key experimental design rain-rate distributions, and trend, 14:8727, 8728 text, 3:1667 10:6815 Gompertz distribution, summary of subject Global Atmospheric Program 4:2866–2867 coverage, 3:1671 rain-rate distributions, Good-Baker tests for equality G-Independence, 5:3421 10:6815 of variances, Gini, Corrado, 4:2852–2855 Global decoding 3:2044–2046 Gini index, 14:8856–8857. Markov hidden models, Goodman-Kruskal gamma, See also Income 7:4533 4:2867–2869 inequality measures Global de Moivre-Laplace as measure of association, and Zenga curve, theorem, 3:1553–1554 1:250–251 2:1178–1179 Global orthogonality, of Goodman-Kruskal tau, Gini mean difference parameters, 9:5929 4:2867–2869 and Lorenz curve, Global Precipitation Goodman-Kruskal tau and 7:4425 Climatology Project, gamma, 4:2867–2869 Gini ratio 10:6798 symmetric measures of and Lorenz curve, Global warming, 1:294–296 association, 1:246 7:4425 Glottochronology. See Goodman’s Y2,4:2869–2871 Gini-Simpson index. See Lexicostatistics Goodness of fit, 4:2871–2880 Diversity indices Glycerol Anderson-Darling test of, Gini’s mean difference, mixture data analysis of 4:2881–2884 4:2730, 2856–2857 solubility of Girdle distribution. See phenobarbital, censored data, 4:2884 Directional distributions 7:4875–4879 tests of unidimensionality, Girdle distributions, 4:2858 Gnanadesikan-Kettenring 14:8839 Girdle (equatorial) data and trimming method, Goodness of fit distribution, distributions, 4:2858 14:8768 Takacs’,´ 4:2884–2887 Glahn and Hooper Gnedenko, Boris Goodwin Creek correlation coefficients, Vladimirovich, Experimental 2:1386–1387 4:2865–2866 Watershed, rainfall, Glass g nodes, 8:5197 10:6796 compositional Goal programming, 8:5082 channel network, investigation in Goals 10:6800–6802 archaeology, 1:222 criteria for decision streamflow, 10:6807, 6810 GLIM, 4:2858–2861, making, 8:5082 Gordon committee, 2:1489 12:8066 Godel,¨ Kurt Gosset, William Sealy categorical data, 2:767 and axioms of probability, (‘‘Student’’), use in back-projection of 1:333 4:2887–2888, 13:8371 AIDS, 1:336 Godel’s¨ incompleteness Fisher writes to, 4:2344 GLIM-1, 4:2859 theorem, 1:106 and studentization, GLIM-2, 4:2859 Goldberg causal voting 13:8362 GLIM-3, 4:2859 model. See Political and studentized range, GLIM-4, 4:2861 science 13:8369 9298 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

G¨ottliche Ordnung Graph Greenwood’s formula, (Sussmilch),¨ 15:9037 dendrites, 3:1598 5:2972–2973 Goulden, Cyril Harold, Graphical comparisons Greenwood’s statistic, 5:2973 4:2889–2890 window plot useful for, test of uniformity, 14:8861 Governmental national and 15:9178–9179 Greenwood variance international statistics Graphical Evaluation estimator. See offices, 8:5389 Review Technique Kaplan-Meier Government Statistical (GERT), 4:2410–2412 estimation-I Service, 12:8065 and flowgraph analysis, Gringorten’s formula, 5:2973 Government Statistics 4:2410–2412 Gross control method, 3:1864 section, American Graphical Markov models, Gross domestic product, Statistical Association, 5:2921–2935 5:2974 1:122 Graphical methods Gross domestic product Govindarajulu-Suzuki tests of uniformity, deflator, 5:2974 identity, 4:2891 14:8861–8862 Gross error sensitivity Graded systems Graphical representation for robust estimation, Markov models for, computer-aided, 11:7301 7:4480–4481 5:2937–2948 Gross national product, renewal models for, 7:4481 of data, 5:2949–2968 5:2974–2975 Graphs Gradient matrix, 4:2892 Gross national product optical illusions in, 9:5751 Graduation, 4:2892–2897 deflator, 5:2974–2975 Graphs, random. See of mortality rate Gross reproduction rate, Random graphs estimates, 1:34 fertility, 4:2288 Graph-theoretical methods, Whittaker-Henderson, Ground state, 10:6740 5:2910–2915 4:2897–2900 Ground state energy, Graph-theoretic cluster Graeco-Latin squares, 10:6740 analysis, 2:1004–1008 5:2901–2904, 14:8771 Group average method, Graph theory, 5:2916–2920 Gram-Charlier expansions, 14:8890 branch-and-bound method, 5:2906–2908 Group decision problem, 1:657–659 2:1214 Cornish-Fisher and Grassberger-Procaccia Group-divisible block Edgeworth similar, algorithm, 4:2471 2:1370 Grassmannian manifold, designs, 5:2976–2978 crystallography 1:237 Group-divisible designs, applications, 2:1461 Graunt, John 5:2978–2980 for frequency curves contributions to medicine, Grouped data, 5:2980–2988 estimation, 4:2518, 7:4719 adjustment for rank 2520, 2522, 2524 Gray and Williams measure, statistics, 10:6927 Gram-Charlier series, 5:2971 in rank tests, 5:2906–2908 Gray codes, 5:2972 10:6936–6938 Gram-Charlier Type A Greatest accuracy in survival analysis, series, 4:2518 credibility, 1:35 13:8484–8488 Gram-Charlier Type B Greenhouse effect, 1:294 Grouped distributions, series, 4:2518 Greenhouse gases, 1:294 11:7361 Gramian determinants, Greenness profile model, in Group families, 5:2989–2990 5:2909 crop proportion Grouping normal means, Grammar of Science, The estimation, 10:6576 5:2990–2991 (K. Pearson), 2:782 Greenwood model Group randomization, 10009 Gram-Schmidt chain of binomial Group-randomized trials orthogonalization, distributions, 11:7035, planning and analysis of, 5:2909–2910 7037 5:2992–2997 Grand lot sampling plans, Greenwood-Moran statistic, predicting random effects 1:25 4:2730 in, 9:6326–6334 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9299

Group representations in Gumbel distribution, Half-normal distribution, statistics, 5:2998–3004 5:3029–3034 10:6987 Groups Gupta, Shanti Swarup, and folded distributions, aggregation, 1:57 5:3037–3039 4:2421 Group screening Guttman, Louis, Half-normal plots, screening designs, 5:3039–3042 5:3053–3056, 10:6485 11:7503–7504 Guttman scaling. See Half-plaid squares, Group-sequential probability Correspondence analysis 9:6168–6169 ratio test, 14:8952 Half-sample techniques, Group sequential tests, 5:3056–3058 Haar distributions, 5:3005–3011 Halfspace depth, 1:651 5:3044–3046 medical trials, Halley, Edmund Haar wavelets, 7:4721–4722 contributions to medicine, 15:9044–9045, 9049, Group testing, 5:3014–3016 9061 7:4719 Growth accounting, 10:6529 Haar wavelet variance Halley’s comet, 1:252 Growth curve analysis, and successive differences, Halphen harmonic law, 8:5168–5169 13:8409 5:3058–3059 Growth curves, 5:3016–3019 Hack’s law Halphen’s laws, and trend, 14:8727 and landforms, 10:6802 5:3058–3061 Growth models, forests, Hadamard derivative. See Halphen Type A laws, 4:2454 Statistical functionals 5:3060–3061 Growth rate, 10:6961 Hadamard matrices, 5:3047 Halphen Type B laws, Growth stage, and efficient weighing 5:3060–3061 trapezoidal-type designs, 15:9104 Hamiltonian distributions, 14:8717 equivalent, in uniform lattice systems, 6:4042 Grubb’s estimators, designs, 14:8848–8849 and quantum mechanics, 5:3020–3025 use in balanced resampling 10:6729 GR-Z algorithm package, using orthogonal Hamiltonian circuit, 14:8718 1:111 multiarrays, 1:350 Hamilton walk, 5:3062 G-series distributions. See Hadamard product, 3:1896, Hammersley-Clifford Classical discrete 11:7474 theorem, 5:3062–3063 distributions, Hadamard variance, 13:8409 and random Markov fields, generalizations of Hahn-Eberlein polynomials, 7:4562–4563 G-spectral estimator, 5:3047 Hampel (a, b, c) estimators, 5:3026–3027 Hahn polynomials, 5:3047 12:7698 g-times trimmed mean, Haight distribution, 6:3955 Hampel breakdown point, 14:8762–8763 Hajek-Inagaki´ convolution 1:664, 668, 11:7300 g-times Winsorized mean, theorem, 5:3047–3050 Hampel’s criteria 14:8763 and asymptotic normality, for robust estimation, G-transformation, 5:3026 1:282–283 11:7300 Guess-Hollander-Proschan Hajek-Le´ Cam theorems, Hampel’s influence curve test, for mean residual 1:283 redescending life, 7:4665, 4666 Hajek-Renyi´ inequality, M-estimators, 11:7013 Guessing models, 5:3051 for robust estimation, 5:3028–3029 Hajek’s´ divergence criterion, 11:7300–7301 Guide to the Expression of 1:4 Ham-sandwich theorem, Uncertainty in Hajek’s´ projection lemma, 14:8779–8780 Measurement (ISO), 5:3051–3052 Hanging rootogram (Tukey), 5:3600 and asymptotic normality, 14:8784 Guilbaud’s number, 14:9012 1:272 Hankel functions Gumbel, Emil Julius, Haldane-Smith test, as Bessel functions of the 5:3035–3037 5:3052–3053 third kind, 1:478 9300 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Hannan, Edward James, Hartley’s F-max test for Heart disease 5:3064–3067 homogeneity of epidemiological statistics, Hannerz mortality model, variances, 5:3214 3:2024–2025 8:4995 Harwell Laboratory mortality rates, 10:6995 Hanning, 5:3068 algorithms in, 1:110 Heart murmurs Hansen frequencies, Hasse diagrams, actuarial health studies, 5:3068–3069 5:3074–3078 1:31 Hansen-Hurwitz estimator Hat matrix, 5:3078–3079 Heavier tails, 14:8944 use with adaptive Hausdorff dimension, 4:2466, Heavy-tailed distributions, sampling, 1:43 2477, 5:3079–3083 5:3105–3107 Hansen-Hurwitz method for Hausman specification test, and deviations from subsampling 5:3083–3085 normality, 11:7012 nonrespondents, Hazard change point Heavy tails, 14:8944 13:8403–8405 estimation, 5:3085–3088 Uthoff-type tests for, Hansen orthogonality tests Hazard function 14:8924 in linear models, bathtub curve, 1:378 Hedonic index numbers, 6:4221–4222 and density estimation, 5:3109–3110 Haplotype, 7:4283 3:1620 Hedonic regression Hard limiting, 2:998 mixture hazard models, Producer Price Indexes, Hard thresholding, 15:9056 7:4909 10:6521 Hardy’s wave-cutting Hazardous substance Heisenberg uncertainty formula, 15:9042 detection, 1:558–560 principle, 10:6728 Hardy-Weinberg model. See Hazard plotting, Hellinger-Bhattacharyya Human genetics 5:3088–3091 distance, 10:6943 Harm assessment bias, 1:239 for censored data, 2:796 Hellinger distance, 5:3111, Harmonic analysis, Hazard rate, 10:6960 7:4474 5:3069–3071 Hazard rate and other and I-divergence, 6:3739 Harmonic mean, classifications of Hellinger distance 5:3072–3073 distributions, estimation, 5:3111–3115 and arithmetic mean, 5:3092–3095 Helly-Bray theorems, 5:3116 1:233 Hazard rate estimation, Helmert, Friedrich Robert, Harmonic measure of 5:3096–3097 5:3116–3118 variability, 5:3073 Hazard rate function Helmert transformation, Harmonic model, 5:3070 and accelerated life 5:3117–3118 Harmonic new better than testing, 1:10, 11 Henderson method I, 14:8960 used in expectation and probabilistic Henderson method II, (HNBUE) property, 1:64 reliability, 11:7133 14:8960 Harmonic variability, 5:3073 and Sedyakin’s model, 1:12 Henderson method III, Harrington-Flemington test Hazard regression, 14:8960–8961 and difference of means 5:3097–3101 Heparin, low molecular test, 3:1688 h Distribution, 4:2632–2635 weight compared to Harris poll. See Public Headward growth, in standard, 10:6663 opinion polls landform development, Herd-Johnson estimator Harter’s adaptive robust 10:6804 for censored data, 2:796 method regression lines, Health Policy Statistics Heritability. See Statistical 11:7070–7071 section, American genetics Hartley, Herman Otto, Statistical Association, Hermite distribution 5:3074 1:122 special case of generalized Hartley-Pfaffenberger Health Statistics, National Charlier series statistic, 4:2730 Center for, 5:3101–3105 distribution, 2:863 Hartley-Ross estimator Healy variance component Hermite distributions, Quenouille’s estimator confidence interval 5:3118–3122 compared, 1:485 procedure, 14:8965 Hermite form, 5:3122 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9301

Hermite index Heuristic algorithms Hierarchical of models, and projection pursuit, cluster analysis, 5:3164 10:6559–6560 2:999–1000 Hierarchical regression Hermite operator Heyting-valued models, models, 5:3158–3163 Delta operator and 10:6442 High breakdown poweroid, 9:6315 H-Function distribution, multivariate estimators, Hermite polynomials, 5:3138–3140 7:4838 5:3119. See also Hicks, C. R. (1973). Higher dimensions Chebyshev-Hermite Fundamental Concepts tests of uniformity on, polynomials of Design of Experiments 14:8862–8863 Hermite processes, key experimental design Higher order asymptotics, 11:7551 text, 3:1667 1:285–290 Hermite’s general osculatory summary of subject Higher-order interactions, interpolation formula, coverage, 3:1671 5:3579–3580 9:5883 Hidden Markov models, Higher order Markov chains Hermite-type processes, 7:4531–4534 with stationary 11:7551 mixture distributions, transitions, 7:4528 Hermitian matrices, 7:4895 Higher weight monomial, 7:4597–4598 rainfall, 10:6796 15:9226 zonal polynomials, Hidden Markov random field High-frequency data 15:9228 mixture distributions, financial time series Hersen, M. and Barlow, D. 7:4895 application, H. (1975). Single-Case Hidden multinomial 4:2323–2326 Experimental Designs: mixture distributions, High-pass filter, 12:7919 Strategies for Studying 7:4895 Highspread, 5:3164 Behavior Change Hidden replication, 4:2225 Hilbert, David key experimental design Hidden semi-Markov model, and axiomatic method, text, 3:1667 7:4534 1:327 summary of subject Hidden variables, 14:8954 Hilbert space, 10:6729 coverage, 3:1671 Hierarchical Bayes modeling absolute continuity of Heterogeneity. See medical trials, 7:4724 probability measures on, Homogeneity and tests of homgeneity Hierarchical classification, 1:6–7 Heteroscedasticity, 5:3123, 5:3141–3142 probability measures on, 3131–3137 Hierarchical cluster 1:5–6 modeling, 5:3128–3129 analysis, 5:3142–3147 Hildreth-Lu scanning testing for, 5:3127–3128 Ward’s clustering method for Heteroscedastic linear algorithm, 15:9032 autoregressive error, models Hierarchical clustering 1:308–309 and Bartlett adjustment, and multivariate directed Hill, Austin Bradford, 1:368 graphs, 8:5200 5:3164–3165 Heteroscedastic linear Hierarchical conjoint Hill-Dixon index of departure regression models, analysis, 2:1273–1274 from normality, 3:1629 5:3123–3129 Hierarchical decomposition Hill-Rao test of symmetry, Heterosexual contact and supra-Bayesian 13:8503 and HIV transmission, methods, 13:8452 Hindsight bias 1:85, 87, 91 Hierarchical Dorfman and elicitation, 3:1900 Heteroskedastic Gaussian screening procedures, Hinges, 15:9183 experiments, 1:277 3:1823–1824 in five-number summaries, Heterotrait-heteromethod Hierarchical kappa 4:2382 blocks, 8:5140 statistics, 5:3148–3150 Hinge tracing, 12:7794 Heterotrait-monomethod Hierarchical models, HIPLEX-1 cloud seeding blocks, 8:5140 5:3150–3156 experiment, 15:9084 9302 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Hirschman’s index. See Hodges-Lehmann efficiency, Hollander extreme test, Income inequality 1:339, 341 5:3196–3199 measures Hodges-Lehmann Hollander parallelism test, Histograms, 5:3166–3170 estimators, 5:3180–3182 5:3199–3202 and classification, 2:971 and R-estimators, 12:7641 Hollander-Proschan density estimation, and robest estimation, new-better-than-used 3:1614–1615 11:7302 test, 5:3202–3204 limitations, 14:8721 and Walsh averages, Hollander-Proschan test, for method of sieves, 3:2098 15:9030 mean residual life, Historical controls, and weighted 7:4664–4665 5:3171–3173 least-squares rank Hollander’s test for ordered clinical trials, 2:983–984 estimators, 15:9119 alternatives, Historical series. See Time Hodges superefficiency, 15:9157–9159, 9161 series 13:8435–8436. See Hollerith sorters, 15:9212 Historical studies, Superefficiency, Hodges Holley’s inequality, 5:3173–3178 and weak convergence, 5:3204–3206 History of John Bull, The 15:9065 Holt’s linear trend (Arbuthnot), 1:204 Hodges’ tolerance, algorithm, 1:685 ‘‘History of the design of 1:663–664, 668 Holt-Winters algorithm, experiments as seen Hodgkin’s disease 1:685, 4:2426 through the papers in clinical trials, 2:992 forecasting method, 1:230, 100 years of the journal Hoeffding, Wassily, 4:2426 Biometrika, A’’ 5:3187–3190 forecasting method in (www.maths.qmw.ac.uk/ Hoeffding-Blum-Kiefer- combination with others, rab/biometrika.html), Rosenblatt empirical 4:2433 3:1664 process, 5:3183 Homeoscedastic linear History process, 13:8314, Hoeffding-Blum-Kiefer- regression 8610 Rosenblatt process, sandwich estimators, Histosplines, 12:7948 5:3183–3184 11:7431 Hit rejection, 10:6622 ´ Home ownership, 2:1295 Hitting probability, 10:6893 Hoeffding-Hajek projection, Homogeneity Hitting time, 10:6893 2:888 HIV (Human Hoeffding’s independence Potthoff-Whittinghill tests Immunodeficiency test, 5:3185–3186, of, 5:3217–3220 Virus). See also AIDS 15:9125 standard nonparametric AIDS stochastic models, Hoeffding’s inequalities, tests, 5:3209 1:84–97 5:3189 standard parametric tests, back-projection method Hoeffding’s lemma, 5:3208–3209 application, 1:335–338 5:3186–3187 Homogeneity and tests of epidemiological studies of Hofstein’s quality index homgeneity, health statis, 3:2031 and hedonic index 5:3207–3210 multistate models, 7:4723 numbers, 5:3109 Homogeneity of variances HIV incubation distribution, Holder’s¨ inequality, 5:3191 Bartlett’s test for, 1:87, 96–97 Holdout sampl, 4:2309 5:3211–3213 HIV infection distribution, Holland Cochran’s test for, 1:87, 96–97 electronic data interchange 5:3213 back-projection, 1:336–337 system, 3:1895 cube-root test for, 5:3214 Hodges, Joseph Lawson, Jr., heart disease Hartley’s F-max test for, 5:3179–3180 epidemiological 5:3214 Hodges bivariate sign test. statistics, 3:2025 Overall-Woodward test for, See Sign tests Hollander bivariate 5:3215–3216 Hodges-Lehmann deficiency, symmetry test, Homogeneous bilinear forms, 3:1567 5:3191–3195 4:2457 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9303

Homogeneous Poisson robustified, 5:3221–3223 Hsuan-Robson theorem, processes, 9:6200–6201 unbiased estimator for 2:918 Homogeneous probability population size, 9:6295 Hsu-Robbins theorem, generating function, use with adaptive 13:8535 1:581 sampling, 1:43 Huber k estimators, 12:7698 Homogeneous product sums, Hot-deck method, 2:1158, Huber portmanteau test, 13:8495 3:1866 5:3235–3236 Homogeneous quadratic Hotelling, Harold, Huberty’s asymptotic forms, 4:2457 5:3223–3224 minimax approach for Homogeneous Poisson collaboration with location process, 14:8744–8745 Bartlett, 1:369–370 in robust estimation, Homoscedasticity, 5:3123 contributions to canonical 11:7301–7302 Homosexual contact analysis, 2:717 Huberty’s test for multiple and HIV transmission, contributions to correlation, 1:85, 87–88, 91–93 multivariate analysis, 8:5079–5081 HIV transmission in San 8:5143 Huffer-McKeague weighted Francisco, 1:93–95, 97 provides letter of reference least squares estimator Honestly significant for Bahadur, 1:345 extension to Aalen’s difference method, Hotelling-Pabst test, 5:3224 additive risk model, 14:8780 1:48–49 Hotelling’s T2,5:3225–3227 Honhomogeneous pure Human capital, 5:3236–3246 control chart applications, birth-and-death Human genetics, 2:1351 processes, 1:574 5:3248–3260 union-intersection test, Hooper correlation ascertainment sampling, 14:8873 coefficient. See 1:234–236 use in multivariate Correlation coefficients, and evolutionary genetics, analysis, 8:5143 Glahn and Hooper 3:2120 and Wishart distribution, Hopkins-Rotondi tests of unidimensionality test 15:9186 spatial randomness, applications, 14:8837 Hotelling’s trace, 12:7895–7896 Human Genome Project. See Horizon. See Clinical trials-I 5:3228–3231 also Human genetics Horowitz-Neumann test, MANOVA application, and genetic linkage, 5:3220–3221 8:5164–5166 7:4283 Horse racing, 4:2610–2611 Hotelling strategy. See Human Knowledge (Russell), Horses Guessing models 2:824 classification, 2:972 Hotelling’s weighing Human radiation hazards, Horseshoe method, 1:219, problem, 15:9102 3:2018–2020 229 Hougaard processes, Human resource planning, Horton’s law 5:3232–3233 7:4479 and landforms, Householder-Young theorem, Human surveys, 1:555–556 10:6802–6803 1:564, 569 Hungarian constructions of Horvitz-Thompson Household respondent rule, empirical processes, estimator, 5:3221–3223. Current Population 5:3265–3268 See also Population size, Survey, 2:1487 Hunt-Stein theorem, Horvitz-Thompson Housing, U.S. Census of 5:3268–3270, 7:4798 estimator for Population and, 14:8903, Hurst coefficient, admissibility, 1:55 8909 5:3271–3274 and Basu’s elephant, Hristea algorithm for outlier for dendrochronology, 1:374, 377 detection, 9:5885–5886 3:1603 finite populations, 4:2331 H-Spread Hurst effect for population size, in five-number summaries, and dam theory, 3:1522 9:6295–6297 4:2382 and long-range for PPS sampling, 10:6489 Hsu, Pao-Lu, 5:3234–3235 dependence, 7:4417 9304 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Hurst parameter Hyper-Graeco-Latin square, profile-a tests, and long-range 14:8771 10:6538–6543, dependence, 7:4417 Hyperosculatory 6540–6542 Hurst phenomenon, 10:6808 interpolation, 9:5882 P-value combinations, Huygens, Christian, Hyperparameters, 10:6643 5:3275–3276 2:1274–1275, 3:1562, standardized rates, and reflection principle, 8:5160 10:6963–6964 11:7041 Hyper-Poisson distribution, triangular contingency theory of light, 10:6727 2:954–955 tables, 14:8757–8758 Hybrid log-normal Hyperprior, 1:462 William’s test of trend, distributions, 5:3276 Hypertension. See also Blood 15:9175 Hydrodynamics pressure and reflection principle, actuarial health studies, Icing the tails, 5:3303 11:7039 1:30–32 i Communality, 8:5152 Hydrological studies Hypotheses, 1:327–328 Ideal index number, Fisher’s. aggregation application, Hypothesis testing, See Fisher’s ideal index 1:58 5:3293–3301. See also number Hydrology P-values Ideal metrics, 7:4762 Bayesian forecasting, in acceptance sampling, Ideal points, in unfolding, 1:401 1:23–24 14:8834 dam theory, 3:1520 admissibility, 1:51, 53 Ideal power function, 5:3303 Wakeby distribution Bayes factor consistency, Idempotent matrices, applications, 15:9017 1:380 5:3303–3304 Hyperadmissibility, 1:54 and Bayesian inference, Identifiability, 5:3304–3307 Hyperbloids, 7:4473 1:412 censored linear regression Hyperbolically completely and Bayesian robustness, models, 2:801 monotone distributions. 1:437 Fourier series curve See Generalized gamma binomial and multinomial estimation and convolutions parameter inference, antismoothing, 4:2462 Hyperbolic distributions, 1:509–512 Kaplan-Meier estimator, 5:3276–3283 composite hypothesis, 6:3809–3810 Hyperbolic secant 2:1146 mixing distributions, distribution, 9:6069 and decision theory, 7:4884 Hyperboloid distributions, 3:1563–1564 Identification keys, 5:3282 flexible designs, 4:2406 5:3307–3312 Hypercensoring isotonic inference, Identification problems, and life testing, 6:4161 6:3707–3708 5:3312–3315 Hyper-conditional Laplace test for trend, ranking and selection independence, 2:1195 14:8746–8747 procedures, 10:6911 Hyperfinite model theory, logic of, 7:4367 I-Divergences, 6:3737, 3739 10:6441–6442 Markov processes, 7:4555 IEEE Communication Hyperfinite stochastic with messy data, Letters, 5:3316 analysis, 10:6442 7:4731–4734 IEEE Transactions, Journals Hypergeometric distribution, misinterpretation, 4:2238 and Letters, 5:3316 4:2705–2706, multiple, comparisons IEEE Transactions on 5:3283–3288 with a control, 2:1111 Biomedical Engineering, continuity corrections used in multivariate Bayesian 5:3316 with, 2:1307, 1309 analysis, 8:5158 IEEE Transactions on Hypergeometric functions, multivariate Cox Communications, 5:3316 5:3288–3292 regression model, 8:5193 IEEE Transactions on Hypergeometric test in probit analysis, 10:6502 Computational Biology with categorical data, in profile analysis, and Bioinformatics, 2:766 10:6533–6537 5:3316 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9305

IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Imaginary observations, Incidence, 8:4994 Systems, 5:3316 9:5712 Incidence density ratio IEEE Transactions on Image Imaging prospective studies, Processing, 5:3316 Bayesian forecasting, 10:6581 IEEE Transactions on 1:401 Incidence matrix, 5:3363 Information Theory, IMAI of design, 10:7007 5:3316 data imputation in seriation, 12:7656, IEEE Transactions on application, 3:1867 7658–7660 Instrumentation and Imbalance functions, Incidence rate, 10:6961 Measurements, 5:3316 5:3342–3344 Incidence studies, 10:6580 IEEE Transactions on I-MIVQUEO, 14:8961 Inclusion-exclusion method, Knowledge and Data Immediate reward, 7:4525 5:3363 Engineering, 5:3316 Immigration-death Income and wealth IEEE Transactions on processes, 1:574–575 distributions, Dagum Networking, 5:3316 Immigration-emigration system of, 5:3363–3376 IEEE Transactions on processes, 5:3344–3346 Income distribution models, Neural Networks, 5:3316 Impairment Study 1936, 1:31 5:3378–3384 IEEE Transactions on Impairment Study 1938, 1:31 lognormalusefulfor, Pattern Analysis and Impairment Study 1951, 1:31 7:4397 Machine Intelligence, Imperfect trend, Income distributions, 5:3316 8:4972–4974 Stoppa’s, 5:3386–3387 IEEE Transactions on Implicit index, 9:5900 Income inequality ‘‘Importance of Annual Lorenz curve application, Reliability, 5:3316 Summaries on Births 7:4423 IEEE Transactions on and Deaths’’ weighted distribution Systems, Man and (Wargentin), 15:9036 application, 15:9111 Cybernetics, 5:3316 Importance sampling, Income inequality measures, i-Efficiency, 3:1877 5:3346–3351 5:3387–3402 If-then tests Impossible region, in Incomplete beta function, data editing application, moment-ratio diagrams, 5:3405 3:1862–1863 8:4945 Incomplete beta function IGARCH model, 1:209–214 Imprecise Dirichlet model, ratio, 5:3405 Ignorability, 5:3316–3319 10:6466 Incomplete block designs, coarse data, 2:1023 Imprecise probabilities, 5:3405–3410 I, J diagonals. See 5:3353–3355 Incomplete contingency Confounding Improper distributions, tables, 2:1306 I0-Laws, 3:1566 5:3356–3357 Incomplete data, Ill-conditioned matrix, Improper prior distribution, 5:3411–3417 7:4611–4612 10:6425 density estimation from, Ill-conditioned system, and decision theory, 3:1618 2:1237 3:1562–1563 Incomplete gamma function, Ill-conditioned system of Improper priors, 1:502 5:3418 equations, 5:3319 Imputation, 3:1861–1862, Incomplete gamma function Illusory association, 5:3320 1865–1867, ratio, 5:3418 Illusory correlation, 12:7959 5:3357–3361 Incomplete integrals Image processing, record linkage and Temme’s method of 5:3320–3332 matching systems, approximating, 1:192 wavelet application, 10:6993 Incomplete Latin square 15:9042 Inadequate regression Youden square as, 15:9214 Image restoration and model, 1:191 Incomplete Trojan squares, reconstruction, Inadmissibility, 1:52 14:8772 5:3335–3340 Inadmissible decision rules, Inconsistency, Strecker’s in astronomy, 1:255 3:1557–1558 index of, 5:3418–3420 9306 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Inconsistent bias, 5:3421 Index-flood procedure, Indifference quality level, In-control run length, 7:4668 10:6808 1:24 Increasing failure rate Index number, Fisher’s. See Indifference zone. See Least average distributions, Fisher’s ideal index favorable configuration 14:8670 number ranking and selection wear, 15:9070 Index numbers, procedures, Increasing failure-rate 5:3425–3432 10:6908–6910 average (IFRA) property, Index of discrepancy, ranking procedures, 1:60, 61, 64, 65–66, 67 Weiler’s, 15:9122 10:6916 Increasing failure-rate Index of dispersion, Indifference zone approach, distributions 5:3433–3434 11:7528, 7529–7531 wear, 15:9070 Index of fit, 5:3434 Indirect censoring, 2:805 Increasing failure rate (IFR) Index of industrial Indirect least squares. See property, 1:60–61 production, Econometrics Increasing failure rate life 5:3434–3436 Indirectly standardized distribution, 14:8670 leading indicator, 6:4100 rates, 10:6963, Increment, for Index of precision, 9:6324 12:7988–7989 pseudo-random number Index of proportional Individual behavior generator, 10:6593 similarity, for and population models, Increment increasing multinomial 9:6284–6285 failure-rate average populations, Individual Choice Behavior (IFRA) property, 1:61 8:5042–5043 (Luce), 2:937 Increment increasing failure Index-removal methods, Individual differences rate (IFR) property, 1:61 5:3437–3440 multidimensional Increment new better than India scaling used (NBU) property, agricultural statistics with proximity data, 1:62 applications, 1:83 10:6585 INDCLUS, 10:6586 agricultural surveys in, Individual differences Independence 1:78 scaling, 8:5030 and causation, 2:783–784 Individual moving-average rank tests for, 10:6934 HIV spread in, 1:92 inequality, 5:3444 Independence, kth order and purchasing power paritity, G-, 5:3421 10:6632 INDSCAL program, 8:5031 Independence equivalent Indian Journal of Induced order statistics, Bayesian networks, Agricultural Science, 10:6929 1:431 1:81 Induced selection Independent increments Indian Statistical Institute, differentials, 11:7528 Poisson processes, 5:3441–3444 Inductive inference, 2:1131 9:6200–6201 Indicants Inductive logic. See Logic of random fields, 10:6826 medical diagnosis, 7:4715 statistical reasoning Independent probability. See Indicators Industrial processes Log-linear models in lagging indicators, lognormalusefulfor, contingency tables 6:3925–3926 7:4397 Independent random leading indicators, Industrial Quality Control, variables, 10:6493 6:4100–4102 1:121, 6:3770 Independent variables, multiple indicator Industrial Revolution, and 14:8955 approach, 8:5091–5095 global warming, 1:294 canonical correlation simple indicator kriging, Industry, 5:3444–3448 analysis, 8:5153 6:3894 Inequalities, Cacoullos-type, Indeterminate degeneracy, Indices 5:3448–3450 14:8808 diversity, 3:1802–1805 Inequalities for expected Indexes, affluence and divisia, 3:1805–1807 sample sizes, poverty, 5:3421–3425 Indifference map, 14:8926 5:3451–3453 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9307

Inequalities for sums of inner inference, Infinitesimally robust random variables. See 5:3538–3539 estimator, 7:4737 Probability inequalities isotonic inference, Infinitesimal renewal for sums of bounded 6:3705–3709 process random variables model-based vs. wear, 15:9070 Inequalities on distributions: design-based, Inflated distributions, 5:3462–3464 bivariate and 5:3492 multinomial parameters, multivariate, Influence inference on, 1:514–516 5:3451–3458 and Bayesian robustness, Inequality, Berge’s. See nonexperimental 1:438 Berge inequality inference, 8:5556–5558 Influence analysis, Inequality, Bernstein’s. See order-restricted inferences, 7:4321 Bernstein’s inequality 9:5827–5829 Influence curve, 5:3495, Inequality, parameter-free inference, 7:4737 Birnbaum-Raymond- 13:8412–8414 Zuckerman. See and sufficient M-estimators, 11:7013 Birnbaum-Raymond- estimation, and weighted Zuckerman inequality 13:8412–8414 least-squares rank Inequality, Camp-Meidell. pivotal inference, estimators, 15:9120 See Camp-Meidell 9:6150–6153 Influence diagrams, inequality postdictive inference, 5:3493–3495 9:6299 Inequality, Chebyshev’s. See Influence function, quasi-Bayesian inference, Chebyshev’s inequality 5:3495–3497, 7:4737, 10:6744 Infant mortality, 14:8766–8767 restricted maximum 5:3459–3461 M-estimators, 11:7012 likelihood inference, Inference Influence surface, 11:7252–7260 design-based vs. 5:3498–3500 statistical inference, model-based, 5:3466–3489 Influential data, 5:3462–3464 frequency interpretation 5:3500–3502 statistical, 5:3466–3489 in, 4:2530–2536 Influential observations, Inference (Main articles structural inference, 5:3503–3504 only.) 13:8349–8355 Information, Fisher. See Bayesian inference, sufficient estimation and Fisher information 1:410–417 parameter-free Information, Kullback, binomial and multinomial inference, 13:8412–8414 5:3505–3508 parameters, inference time-sequential inference, Information, measures of, on, 1:501–516 13:8610–8613 5:3509–3514 conditional inference, Inference on Information content, 1:104, 2:1199–1204 binomial and multinomial 5:3505 design-based vs. parameters, 1:501–516 Information criterion, model-based, multinomial parameters, 8:4923 5:3462–3464 1:501–516, 514–516 Information dimension, distributional inference, Infinite divisibility, 4:2469 3:1788–1791 5:3490–3492 Information divergence, fiducial inference, Mittag-Leffler 4:2296–2301 distributions, 7:4870 6:3737 frequency interpretation in Infinitely divisible, Information matrix. See probability and 6:4142 Fisher information statistical inference, Infinitely divisible Information matrix 4:2530–2536 distributions, 2:853 equalities, 7:4868 gamma-minimax Infinitesimal generator, Information matrix tests, inference, 4:2629–2631 1:674 7:4869 9308 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Information recovery Institute of Statisticians, Interaction models, ancillary statistics, 5:3550 5:3580–3586 1:147–148 Instrumental variable Interaction splines, 12:7948 Information technology estimation, 5:3550–3553 Interaction term, 4:2225 electronic data Instrumental variables, Interactive data analysis, interchange in statistics, 5:3553, 14:8802, 8956 3:1526–1527 3:1895–1896 Instrument calibration, Interactive graphic methods, Information-theoretic 2:696 14:8725 complexity, 1:104 Insurance Interblock ANOVA, 1:134 Information theory, in blackjack, 1:602–603 Interblock estimates, 2:1091–1093 risk management, 11:7285 10:7007 algorithmic, 1:104–107 Integer program Interblock information, and coding theory, and mathematical 5:3588 5:3515–3528 programming, 7:4596 balanced incomplete and complexity, 2:1131 Integer programming, blocks, 1:607, 608 Informative sample size, 5:3554–3562 Interblock information 11:7407–7408 Integral equations, recovery, 10:7006–7008 Inheritance 5:3564–3568 Intercensal Population and genetic linkage, Integrals Estimate Porgram, 7:4281–4283 stochastic, 13:8252–8255 14:8910 In-ignorance prior Temme’s method of Intercoder agreement, approximating, 1:192 Scott’s coefficient of, distribution, 14:8656 zonal polynomials, 15:9228 5:3588–3589 Initial data analysis, Integral transforms, Interdecile range, 5:3589 5:3532–3537 5:3568–3574 Interdependence analysis, Inner fences, 4:2382 Integrated generalized 3:1907 Inner inference, autoregressive Interdirection tests, 5:3538–3539 conditionally 5:3589–3590 Inner tolerance interval, heteroscedastic Intereffect orthogonality, 14:8643–8644 (IGARCH) models, 5:3590 Innovation variance, 5:3539 1:209–214 Interface, 5:3590–3591 Input accuracy control, Integrated intensity Interference patterns, 3:1861 counting process, 2:1408 10:6731–6732 Inspection paradox, Integrated of order 2, 2:1070 Interfractile distances. See 5:3541–3542 Integrated process of order Interpercentile distances Inspection sampling, one, 14:8876 Interfractile range. See 5:3543–3546 Integrodifferential Interquartile range Instantaneous absolute rate, equations, 5:3567 Intergovernmental Panel on 10:6960 Intelligence quotient (IQ) Climate Change, 1:294 Instantaneous unit multivariate analysis, Interim analysis. See Group hydrograph, 10:6810 3:1871 sequential tests Institute of Intensity function, 11:7133 Intermediate (Kallenberg) Actuaries/Faculty of Intensity rate, 10:6960 efficiency, 3:1876–1881 Actuaries in Scotland, Intent-to-treat analysis, Intermediate variables, 5:3547 7:4722 14:8955 Institute of Mathematical Interaction, 5:3575–3580 Internal additive consistency Statistics, 1:166, 170, decomposing degrees of of estimators, 5:3591 171, 191, 5:3547–3550 freedom, 5:3579–3580 Internal ancillary statistics, Institute of Statistical nonparametric, 1:147 Mathematics, 5:3550 5:3586–3588 Internal constraint Institute of Statistical Yates’ algorithm for problems, 7:4821 Research and Training, facilitating calculation Internal control systems, 6:3775 by hand, 15:9208 1:298 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9309

Internal criterion analysis, International Statistical Interval valued probability, 2:1002 Education Newsletter, 1:459, 10:6464–6467 Internal least squares, 1:468 Intervening variable, in 5:3591 International Statistical epidemiological studies, Internally studentized range, Institute (ISI), 1:124, 3:2030 13:8367–8368 5:3604–3607, 6:3609 Intervention, Bayesian Internal standardization, International Statistical forecasting, 1:404–405 10:6963 Review, 6:3609 Intervention model analysis, Internal studentization, International Vocabulary of 6:3633–3637 13:8362 Basic and General Interviewer effects International Association for Terms in Metrology public opinion polls, Statistics in the Physical (ISO), 5:3600 10:6628–6629 Sciences (IASPS), 1:468 Interneighbor interval (INI), Interviewer variance, International Association of 6:3609–3610 6:3637–3639 Statistical Computing, Interpenetrating in the sixteenth century. But 2:1148 subsamples, it is more, 1:675 International Biometrics 6:3610–3613 Intrablock ANOVA, 1:134 Society, 1:550, mean reciprocal values, Intrablock estimates, 5:3591–3593, 6:3778 7:4663 10:7007 International Chinese Interpercentile distances, Intrablock information, Statistical Association, 6:3614 6:3639–3640 5:3593–3594 Interpoint distance balanced incomplete International foreign trade distribution, 6:3614 blocks, 1:606 statistics, 4:2437–2438 Interpolation, 6:3615–3618 Intraclass correlation International Journal of approximations to coefficient, 6:3640–3644 Forecasting, 1:683 mathematical functions, as agreement measure, International Journal of 7:4589 1:70 Mathematical Education Interpolation, Cauchy’s variance components, in Science and method. See Inspection 14:8959 Technology, paradox; Regression Intraclass correlation table, 5:3594–3595 lines: Cauchy’s 6:3640 International Journal on interpolation method Intrinsically plausible Policy and Information, Interpolation formula, hypotheses, 5:3595–3596 Bessel’s, 6:3618 12:7683–7684 International Mathematical Interpretative measures Intrinsic diversity profile, and Statistical Library Bayes linear analysis, 10:6545 (IMSL), 1:110 1:389–390 Intrinsic growth rate, 9:6281 International Monetary Interquartile distances, Intrinsic luminosity, of stars, Fund (IMF), 6:3614 1:253 5:3596–3598 Interquartile range, 6:3619 Intrinsic rank test, International Organization Interrater agreement, 6:3644–3646 for Standardization 6:3619–3624 Intrinsic rate of natural (ISO), 5:3598–3600 Interrupted Poisson increase, 7:4465 statistics applications, distribution Intrinsic variables, 14:8955 5:3600–3603 and Shanmugan numbers, Introduction of The Theory of International 12:7675 Canonical Matrices, An standardization, Interval censoring, (Aitken and Turnbull), application of statistics 6:3626–3632 1:101–102 in, 5:3600–3603 Interval estimation, 2:1246 Introduction to Probability International Statistical binomial proportion, Theory and its Ecology Program, 1:506–509 Applications, An 5:3603–3604 Interval mapping, 7:4284 (Feller), 4:2281 9310 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Introduction to Stochastic Inventory theory, Inverse trinomial Processes, An (Bartlett), 6:3664–3669 distribution, 1:370 total positivity application, 6:3697–3698 Introduction to the Doctrine 14:8669–8670 Inversion formula. See of Fluxions, and a Inverse binomial Characteristic functions Defence of the distribution, Inversion formula, Mathematicians against 6:3672–3673 Woodroofe’s, the objections of the Inverse binomial sampling, 6:3698–3699 Author of the Analyst, in 6:3674 Inversion theorem, of so far as they are Inverse chi-square tests characteristic functions, designed to affect the decision rule, 10:6644 2:850 general method of Inverted beta distribution, Inverse distributions, reasoning, An (Bayes?), 6:3699–3701 6:3673–3675 1:393 Inverted Dirichlet Inverse Gaussian and Introduction to the Theory of distribution, Gaussian analogies, Statistics (Yule; later 6:3701–3703, 7:4295 Yule and Kendall), 6:3675–3680 Inverted gamma 15:9216 Inverse Gaussian distribution, 6:3704 Introductory Engineering distribution, Inverted Wishart Statistics (Wilks), 6:3681–3683 distribution, 6:3704 15:9168 and Brownian motion, Invertibility in time-series Intuitive probability, 1:458 1:673 analysis, 6:3704 Invariance, 6:3646–3651 Inverse hyperbolic Investigational Exemption and ancillary statistics, transformations, for New Drugs (INDs), 1:144 14:8977 4:2226, 2262 and fiducial inference, Inverse hypergeometric Investigational New Drugs 4:2300–2301 distributions, (INDs), 4:2226 Invariance principles, 6:4185 5:3286–3287 Investments Invariance principles and Inverse predictor, 2:698 risk management, functional limit Inverse probability, 11:7285–7286 theorems, 6:3651–3654 6:3683–3689 risk measurement, 11:7291 Invariance theorem and fiducial inference, Ion channel current and complexity, 2:1129 4:2297 modeling Invariant prior distributions, Inverse probability integral hidden Markov models 6:3654–3661 transformation application, 7:4531 Invariants, Wijsman’s quantile processes, IQ. See Intelligence quotient representation, 10:6708 Ireland 6:3662–3663 heart disease Inverse ranks, 6:3691 Invariant selection rules epidemiological Inverse regression, and selection of statistics, 3:2025 6:3691–3692 distributions for model transferable vote system Inverse sampling, 6:3674, construction, used in, 3:1893 8:4917–4919 3693–3696 IRIS, Dutch electronic data Invariant subspace, 15:9225 Inverse simple random interchange system, Invariant Taylor expansion, sampling with 3:1895 12:8010–8011 replacement Irreducible invariant Invariant Taylor series, mean reciprocal values, subspace, 15:9225 12:8011 7:4662 Irreducible Markov chain, Inventories and Sales Report, Inverse sine transformation. 6:3705 14:8914 See Arc-sine distribution Irregular fluctuations Inventory management Inverse tanh transformation. in time series, 14:8726 Bayesian forecasting, See Fisher’s Irregular variation, in X-11 1:401 Z-transformation method, 15:9198 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9311

Irrelevance cloud seeding studies, Ito process, 3:1697 and conditional 15:9080–9081 Itoˆ stochastic differential independence, 2:1191 Italian Society of Statistics, equation, 6:3799 models of, 2:1194–1195 6:3712–3715 Itoˆ stochastic integral, Irreversibility, 10:6739 Italy 6:3799 Ising lattices, 1:187 heart disease IV drug use Ising models, 7:4562 epidemiological epidemics among Island problem, 4:2443 statistics, 3:2025 intravenous drug users, ISO 2859, 1:25, 10:6684 purchasing power parity, 3:2015–2016 ISO 3534, 5:3599 10:6632 and HIV transmission, ISO 3951, 1:25 Item analysis, 10:6610. See 1:85, 87, 91, 93, 97 ISO 5725, 5:3599 Psychological testing ISODATA algorithm theory Landsat crop estimation, Item characteristic curves, Jackknifing 2:1438 14:8838 binomial distribution Isokurtic, 6:3705 in latent trait theory, sample size estimation, Isokurtic curve, 1:114 3:1873 1:525 Isolated experiment Item difficulty, 10:6612 and cross-validation, error analysis, Item response theory, 2:1454 3:2058–2059 10:6611–6612 and Quenouille’s method Isometry Item response function, for bias reduction, 1:484 tests for, in allometric 14:8688 Jackknike methods, studies, 1:114, 115, 119 Item response theory. See 6:3727–3733 Isomorphic designs, 14:8848 Psychological testing Jackson estimator, 6:3733 ISO/TC 12, 5:3599 theory Jacobians, 6:3733–3734 ISO/TC 27, 5:3599 Items, in tests, 10:6610 Jacobi determinant, ISO/TC 34, 5:3600 Item sampling 6:3734 ISO/TC 45, 5:3599 in psychological testing, Jacobi iteration. See ISO/TC 46, 5:3600 10:6611 Gauss-Seidel iteration ISO/TC 47, 5:3599 Iterated exponential Jacobi matrix, 6:3734 ISO/TC 48, 5:3600 distribution. See Jacobi polynomials, 6:3734 ISO/TC 61, 5:3600 Extreme-value approximations to ISO/TC 69, 5:3599–3600 distributions mathematical functions, ISO/TC 77, 5:3600 Iterated function systems, 7:4590 ISO/TC 102, 5:3600 4:2477 James’ first-order test, ISO/TC 129, 5:3600 Iterated maximum likelihood 1:448 ISO/TC 176, 5:3600 estimates, 6:3716–3719 James’ second-order test, ISO/TC 183, 5:3600 Iterated MINQUE 1:448 ISO/TC 213, 5:3600 (I-MINQUE), James-Stein estimators, Isotonic inference, 7:4844–4845, 14:8961 6:3734–3736 6:3705–3709 Iterative ellipsoidal Efron-Morris estimator William’s test of trend for, trimming (IET), 6:3720 compared, 3:1885 15:9174 Iteratively reweighted least and shrinkage estimators, Isotonic regression squares, 6:3720–3723 12:7706 for trend correction in Iterative proportional fitting, Janacek-Meikle median test, count data, 14:8739 6:3723–3726 2:1353 Isotropic distributions, and quasi-independence, Japan 6:3710–3712 10:6750 aquaculture, 4:2339 Isotropic variogram, 14:8993 Iterative regression, 11:7067 purchasing power parity, Isotropy, 6:3712 ith Order diversity measure, 10:6632 Israel 10:6944 TQM and Juran in, agricultural statistics ith Principle component, 14:8674 applications, 1:83 8:5150 Japanese abacus, 1:1 9312 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Japanese Union of Scientists summary of subject Jolly-Seber method and Engineers coverage, 3:1672 Manly-Parr estimator American Society for Johnson, N. L. and Leone, F. compared, 1:160 Quality works with, C. (1977). Statistics and Jonckheere tests for ordered 1:122 Experimental Design in alternatives, Java, 12:8892 Engineering and the 9:5811–5813, 15:9157 J-Divergence and related Physical Sciences, 1:166 Jordan, Karoly´ (Charles), concepts, 6:3737–3741 Johnson, Norman Lloyd, 6:3763–3764 J-Divergence of degree α, 6:3749–3751 Jørgensen’s dispersion 6 :3739–3740 approximations to models Jefferson’s rounding rule, distributions, 1:193 Bartlett adjustment, 1:367 11:7362 Johnson, William Ernest Journal de la Soci´et´e Jeffrey, Richard and inverse probability, Fran¸caise de Statistique, and axioms of probability, 6:3687 6:3764–3767 1:333 Johnson and Leone, 3:1672 Journal de la Soci´et´e Jeffreys, Harold, Johnson-Neyman technique, Fran¸caise de Statistique 6:3743–3744 6:3745–3749 de Paris, 6:3764–3766 Jeffreys’ divergences, 6:3737 Johnson’s system of Journalo Biopharmaceutical Jeffreys interval, 1:506–507 distributions, Statistics, 7:4724 Jeffreys’ invariant, 6:3737, 6:3751–3762 Journal of Agricultural, 3739 approximations to Biological and Jeffreys’ paradox distributions, 1:197, Environmental and Bayes factors, 1:379 198–199 Statistics, 1:124, 6:3767 Jeffreys’ prior distribution, multivariate densities, Journal of Agricultural 1:502, 6:3744–3745 1:200–201 Research, 1:81 Jelinski-Moranda software Johnson system Journal of Agricultural reliability model, of frequency curves Science, 1:81, 82 14:8746 estimation, 4:2519, Journal of Applied Jenkins interpolation 2520, 2522–2523 Probability, 1:186, formula, in actuarial Johnson v. Louisiana, 190–191 science, 1:34 6:4093 Journal of Applied statistics, Jensen difference, 6:3740 Joint confidence coefficient, 1:676 Jensen difference divergence, 12:7748 Journal of Approximation 6:3740 Joint confidence intervals. Theory, 7:4591 Jensen difference divergence See Simultaneous Journal of Biogeography, of degree α, 6 :3740 confidence intervals 1:547 Jensen’s inequality, 6:3745 Joint continuum regression, Journal of Business and Jet bundles, 15:9214 2:1344–1345 Economic Statistics, Jirinaˇ sequential procedures, Joint distribution function, 1:124, 6:3767–3768 12:7639–7640 6:3763 Journal of Computational Job classification, 14:8932 defined, 10:6493 and Graphical John, A. and Quenouille, M. Joint distributions, 6:3763 Statistics, 1:124 H. (1977). Experiments: Joint information, 1:104 Journal of Consumer Design and Analysis Joint likelihood, 10:6588 Research, 7:4498 key experimental design Joint pivots Journal of Educational and text, 3:1667 and fiducial inference, Behavioral Statistics, summary of subject 4:2298 1:124, 6:3768 coverage, 3:1672 Joint probability density Journal of Educational John, P. W. (1971). function, 6:3763 Psychology, 3:1870 Statistical Design and Bayesian networks, Journal of Educational Analysis of Experiments 1:425–426 Research, 3:1870 key experimental design Joint space, in unfolding, Journal of Educational text, 3:1668 14:8834 Statistics, 3:1872, 6:3768 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9313

Journal of Forecasting, 1:683 Journal of the Italian Bulletin on Mathematical Journal of Fuzzy Sets and Statistical Society, Statistics (BIAS), Systems. See Fuzzy Sets 6:3715 1:677–678 and Systems Journal of the Marketing Calcutta statistical Journal of Hydrology, 1:186 Research Society, 7:4498 Association Bulletin, Journal of Marketing, 7:4498 Journal of the Institute of 2:693 Journal of Marketing Actuaries and Assurance Canadian Journal of Research, 7:4498 Magazine, 6:3781 Statistics, 2:701–702 Journal of Multivariate Journal of the Operational Computational Statistics Analysis, 6:3768–3769 Research Society, 6:3782 and Data Analysis Journal of Nonparametric Journal of the Pattern (CSDA), 2:1148–1149 Recognition Society, Current Index to Statistics, Statistics, 6:3769 6:3782–3783, 9:6023 2:1474–1475 Journal of Official Statistics, Journal of the Royal Environmetrics, 6:3769–3770 Statistical Society, 3:2005–2006 Journal of Quality 6:3783–3785 Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Technology, Journal of the Statistical 4:2595–2596 6:3770–3771 Society of London, IEEE Transactions, Journal of Quality 6:3783 Journals and Letters, Technology, The, 1:121 Journals (Main articles only.) 5:3316 Journal of Research of the Allgemeines Statistisches International Journal of National Bureau of Archiv, 1:114 Mathematical Education Standards, 6:3771 American Journal of in Science and Journal of Research of the Human Genetics, 1:121 Technology, National Institute of American Statistician, 5:3594–3595 Standards and The, 1:124–125 International Journal on Technology, Annales De L’Institut Policy and Information, 6:3771–3773 Henri Poincar´e(B), 5:3595–3596 Journal of Statistical 1:166 International Statistical Computation and Annals of Applied Review, 6:3609 Simulation, 6:3773, Probability, 1:166–168 Journal de la Soci´et´e 7:4591 Annals of Human Genetics, Fran¸caisedeStatistique, Journal of Statistical 1:168–170 6:3764–3767 Physics, 1:186, 6:3774 Annals of the Institute of Journal of Business and Journal of Statistical Statistical Mathematics, Economic Statistics, Planning and Inference, 1:173 6:3767–3768 6:3774–3775 Australian and New Journal of Educational Zealand Journal of and Behavioral Journal of Statistical Statistics, 1:301–302 Statistics, 6:3768 Research, 6:3774–3775 Biometrical Journal, Journal of Multivariate Journal of Statistics 1:549–550 Analysis, 6:3768–3769 Education, 6:3775–3776 Biometrics, 1:550 Journal of Nonparametric Journal of the American Biometrika, 1:550–551 Statistics, 6:3769 Statistical Association, Brazilian Journal of Journal of Official 1:124, 6:3776–3781 Probability and Statistics, 6:3769–3770 Vignettes at the close of Statistics, 1:662–663 Journal of Quality the 20th Century, British Journal of Technology, 6:3780–3781 Mathematical and 6:3770–3771 Journal of the Institute of Statistical Psychology, Journal of Research of the Actuaries, 6:3781–3782 1:668–669 National Institute of Journal of the Institute of Bulletin in Applied Standards and Electrical Engineers, Statistics (BIAS), Technology, 1:186 1:676–677 6:3771–3773 9314 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Journals (Main articles Probability Theory and Statistics of Income (SOI) only.) (continued) Related Fields, Bulletin, 12:8147 Journal of Statistical 10:6491–6492 Stochastic Analysis and Computation and Psychometrika, Applications, Simulation, 6:3773 10:6619–6620 13:8206–8207 Journal of Statistical Q¨uestii´o, 10:6767–6768 Stochastic Models, 13:8260 Physics, 6:3774 Review of Economics and Stochastic Processes and Journal of Statistical Statistics, 11:7272 Their Applications, Planning and Inference, RevuedeStatistique 13:8280 6:3774–3775 Appliqu´ee, Stochastics, 13:8309–8310 Journal of Statistical 11:7272–7273 Student, 13:8361–8362 Research, 6:3774–3775 Risk Analysis, an Survey Methodology, Journal of Statistics International Journal, 13:8464–8466 Education, 6:3775–3776 11:7284 Teaching Statistics, Journal of the American Sankhya, the Indian 13:8555–8556 Statistical Association, Journal of Statistics, Technometrics, 6:3776–3781 11:7432–7433 13:8556–8557 Journal of the Institute of Scandanavian Journal of Test, 13:8573–8574 Actuaries, 6:3781–3782 Statistics, 11:7462–7463 Theory of Probability and Journal of the Operational Sequential analysis, its Applications, 13:8592 Research Society, 6:3782 11:7614–7615 Theory of Probability and Journal of the Pattern South African Statistical Mathematical Statistics, Recognition Society, Journal, 12:7863 13:8592 6:3782–3783, 9:6023 Statistica, 12:8007 Top, 14:8659 Journal of the Royal Statistical Journal of the Vestnik Statistiki (The Statistical Society, United Nations Messenger of Statistics), 6:3783–3785 Economic Commission 14:8999–9000 Mathematical Biosciences, for Europe, Journals, statistical, 6:3785 7:4587 12:8055–8056 J-Shaped curves, Metrika, 7:4762–4763 Statistical News, 12:8065 6:3785–3786 Metron, International Statistical Papers, J-Shaped distribution, Topp Journal of Statistics, 12:8071–8072 and Leone’s, 6:3786 7:4763 Statistical Science, J Transformation Naval Research Logistics, 12:8073–8075 8:5396 nonuniformity, 14:8865 Operations Research, Statistical Theory and test of uniformity, 9:5746 Method Abstracts, 14:8863–8864 Oxford Bulletin of 12:8095–8096 Judgment sample, Economics and Statistica Neerlandica, 6:3786–3787 Statistics, 9:5899 12:8007–8008 Judgments under Pakistan Journal of Statistica Sinica, 12:8008 uncertainty, Statistics, 9:5909 Statistician, The, 12:8096 6:3787–3790 Pattern Recognition, Statistics, A Journal of Julia sets, 4:2479–2480 9:6023 Theoretical and Applied Jump processes, Pattern Recognition Statistics, 12:8096–8097 6:3791–3792 Letters, 9:6023 Statistics and Computing, Jupp transformation, Probability and 12:8099 4:2513 Mathematical Statistics, Statistics and Decisions, Juran, J. M., 14:8674 10:6443 12:8099–8100 Jury discrimination, Probability in the Statistics and Probability 6:4090–4091 Engineering and Letters, 12:8100–8101 Jury size, 6:4093 Information Sciences, Statistics in Medicine, Justice, Rawlsian theory of, 10:6481 12:8142–8143 6:3792–3794 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9315

Justice Statistics, Bureau of, and concordance Kendall’s tau, 6:3833–3838 6:3794–3797 correlation coefficients, measure of association, Just identified equations, 2:1190 1:250 6:3797 Kappa test of concordance, and medial correlation 6:3818–3819 coefficient, 7:4702 (k, n)-outlier-prone family of Kapteyn distributions, rank correlation distributions, 9:5889 6:3819 coefficients, 2:1378 Kaiser’s varimax, Kapteyn transformations, as rank test, 10:6934, 6935 14:8992 1:198 Ulam’s metric compared, Kakutani’s theorem on Karber¨ method, 14:8811 equivalence of infinite 6:3820–3821 weighted correlation, product measures, 1:4 2:1392 Karhunen-Loeve` expansion, K2-algorithm, 1:430 Kendall-Stuart cube law 6:3822 Markov networks, elections in UK Karlin-McGregor theorem, 7:4543 application, 3:1888 6:3823 Kallenberg (intermediate) Keno, 4:2610 Karup-King interpolation efficiency, 3:1876–1881 Kepner-Robinson test for Kalman-Bucy filter, formula, in actuarial ordered alternatives, 6:3798–3801, 3799 science, 1:34 15:9160 Kalman filtering, Katz system of distributions, Keppel, G. (1973). Design 6:3798–3801 6:3823–3824 and Analysis-A atmospheric statistics, Katz theorem, 13:8535 Researcher’s Handbook, 1:293 k-class rank tests 3:1668 Bayesian forecasting, and difference of means Kernel density estimation, 1:400, 406, 408 test, 3:1688 3:1615–1616 and chaos, 2:847 k-distributed sequences, and window width, forcomputervision, 10:6592 15:9182 2:1165–1166 K-divergence of degree α, Kernel estimators, Kannemann’s incidence test. 6 :3740 6:3838–3839 See Intrinsic rank test K-divergences, 6:3740–3741 bandwidth selection, 1:358 Kantorovich inequality, Keenan models for binary and binning, 1:500 6:3801–3802 time models, 1:499 Kernel method, 6:4036 and antieigenvalues, Kelley’s approximation, Kesten theorems, 6:3840 1:180, 182–183 6:3824 Key block. See Intrablock Kaplan-Meier estimator, Kemp families of information 1:49, 6:3802–3813 distributions, Keyfitz method for variance in actuarial science, 6:3825–3830 estimation, 1:33–34 14:8970–8971 Kempthorne, O. (1952) for censored data, Keyfitz method of life-table Design and Analysis of 2:796 construction, Experiments as counting process, 6:4153–4155 key experimental design 2:1408–1489 Keynes, John Maynard text, 3:1668 and product integration, appreciates Bortkiewicz, 10:6523–6524 summary of subject 1:630 and subsurvival function, coverage, 3:1672 collaboration with Bowley, 13:8406 Kendall, Sir Maurice George, 1:635 with TTT plots, 14:8677 6:3831–3833 and inverse probability, Kappa coefficient, Kendall horseshoe method, 6:3687 6:3816–3818 1:219, 229 skeptical attitude and as agreement measure, Kendall’s coefficient of Pyrrho’s lemma, 10:6651 1:70 concordance. See and uncertainty in and basic agreement Concordance, coefficient economics, 14:8823, analysis, 1:69 of 8825–8827 9316 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Key renewal theorem, Kingman inequalities, Kolmogorov-Khinchin 6:3840–3841 6:3852–3853 theorem, 6:3868 Keys’s prediction k Inter-record time, 10:7002 Kolmogorov means, 6:3868 death-rate correlation Kirk, R. E. (1968). Kolmogorov metric, 14:8867 coefficients for certain Experimental Design: Kolmogorov’s backward factors, 3:2027 Procedures for the differential equations, Khinchin, Aleksandr Behavioral Sciences 2:942 Yakovlevich, key experimental design Kolmogorov’s differential 6:3841–3845 text, 3:1668 equation. See Stochastic Khinchin’s inequality, summary of subject processes 6:3846–3847 coverage, 3:1671 Kolmogorov’s diffusion Khinchin’s unimodality Kitagawa, Tosio, processes, 3:1694–1695 theorem, 6:3847, 6:3854–3855 Kolmogorov’s inequality, 14:8869 Klotz scores 6:3869 Khitnchine decomposition rank statistic, 10:6923 and martingales, 7:4572 theorems, 2:853–854 Klotz test, 6:3857–3858 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Kiaer, Anders Nicolai, k-Means algorithms, statistics, 5:3183, 6:3847–3848 6:3858–3859 6:3869–3872 KIdney stones and classification, 2:969 McCarthy-Birnbaum actuarial health studies, cluster analysis, 2:999 conjecture, 6:3869–3872 1:31 k Min cuts, 2:1043 and probability plotting, k-Nearest neighbors 10:6483, 6484, Kiefer process, 6:3848 classification applications, 6485–6486 quantile process, 10:6711 2:978 weighted empirical Kiefer-Weiss problem in Knock-out tournaments, processes, 15:9113 sequential analysis, 6:3859–3862 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 11:7615 Knots, 12:7939 symmetry test, Kiefer-Wolfowitz Knox’s tests, 6:3862 6:3873–3874 minimization, k Record values, 10:7003 Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, 12:7965–7967, 15:9193 n Knut-Vik square three-sample, 6:3874 Kiefer-Wolfowiz equivalence as k-out-of-n system, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests theorem for optimum 6:3884 and antiranks, 1:185 design, 9:5802–5804, Koksma-Hlawka inequality, Baumgartner-Weiss- 15:9193 6:3862–3865 Schindler test compared, Killam Committee, 14:8779 and uniform design, 14:8798 Kimball’s inequality, 14:8843 and Brownian bridge, 6:3849–3850 Kollectivmasslehre, 4:2267 1:670–671 Kimmel, H. D. (1970). Kollektiv (von Mises), changepoint problem, Experimental Principles 14:9008 2:841 and Design in and complexity, 2:1131 extension Aalen’s additive Psychology Kolmogorov, Andrei risk model, 1:49 key experimental design Nikolayevich, and lattice path text, 3:1668 6:3867–3868 combinatorics, 6:4036 summary of subject and axioms of probability, probability plotting coverage, 3:1671 1:330–331 application, Kim test Kolmogorov backward 10:6485–6487 and Behrens-Fisher equation, 3:1694 for reducing sample size, problem, 1:451 Kolmogorov complexity, 2:1162 Kindex,14:8924 10:6462–6463 test of uniformity, Kinematic displays, Kolmogorov criterion. See 14:8860–8861 6:3850–3852 Large numbers, Borel’s uniform distributions, Kinetic theory of gases, strong law of 14:8853 9:6119–6121 Kolmogorov entropy, 4:2466 and V-statistics, 14:9014 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9317

Kolmogorov-Smirnov-type simple indicator, 6:3894 Kuiper-Corsten iteration, tests of fit, 6:3875–3877 suitable for uniform 6:3900–3902 Kolmogorov’s three-series design, 14:8847 use in ANOVA, 1:136 theorem, 6:3878 Krishnaiah, Paruchuri Ram, Kuiper’s statistic. See and truncation, 14:8775 6:3895–3896 Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-series theorem closely Kronecker lemma, 6:3896 statistics related, 14:8801–8802 Kronecker product of test of uniformity, 14:8862 Kolmogorov’s zero-one law. designs, 6:3896 Kuks-Olman estimator of See Zero-one laws Kronecker product of regression, Kondratieff economic cycle, matrices, 1:351, 11:7067–7068 14:8727 6:3896–3897 Kullback information, Konus,¨ Alexandr Kroneker product 5:3505–3508 Alexandrovich, permutation matrix, Kullback-Leibler information 6:3878–3880 9:6073, 6074 and empirical likelihood, Koopman-Darmois-Pitman Kronmal-Harter estimates, 3:1962 families, 6:3880–3881 3:1608 and Swartz test of Koopman’s test of symmetry, Kruskal-Shepard method. uniformity, 14:8859 6:3881 See Multidimensional Kullback-Leibler information Kor¨ osy,¨ Jozsef,´ 6:3881–3882 scaling distance Kotz-type distribution, Kruskal-Wallis test, and probability 6:3882–3883 6:3897–3899 forecasting, 10:6447 Kounias probability bound, Kullback-Liebler information and ANOMR, 1:133 10:6444 number, 6:3737, 8:5190 generalization of Wilcoxon k-Outlier on the right, 9:5889 and Bahadur efficiency, test, 15:9155 k-Out-of-n system, 6:3884 1:341 location tests, 7:4354 Koyck geometric lag. See and Bayesian robustness, more efficient than Econometrics; Lagged 1:436–437 Fisher-Yates test, 4:2382 dependent variables; and Fisher information, as rank test, 10:6934, 6935 Lag models, distributed 4:2341 k-Sample tests Kraft inequality. See and Sanov inequality, location tests, Minimum description 11:7433 7:4354–4355 length principle Kullbeck-Leibler divergence k-Ratio method k-statistics. See Fisher’s and Bayes factors, 1:380 comparisons with a k-statistics Kulldorf statistic, 4:2730 control, 2:1115–1116 kth Absolute moment, 8:4947 Kummer’s transformation, k-Ratio t-tests, t-intervals, kth Central moment, 8:4947 5:3289 and point estimates for kth Crude moment, 8:4947 Kurtosis, 6:3902–3913 multiple comparisons, kth Moment, 8:4947 approximations to 6:3884–3890 kth Nearest-neighbor distributions, 1:193, 196 Krawtchouk polynomials, sampling, 6:3900 as selector statistic for 5:3047, 6:3891–3892 kth Nearest point. See kth adaptive method, 1:37, and bivariate discrete nearest-neighbor 40 distributions, 1:584 sampling KYST-2a program, 8:5029, k Record values, 10:6997, kth Order independence, 5030 7002–7003 5:3421 characteristics, 8:5034 Kriging, 1:59, 6:3892–3893, K Transformation 14:8993 test of uniformity, Labels, 6:3916–3918 atmospheric statistics, 14:8863–8864 Labor force and employment 1:292 Kuder-Richardson formula status, 6:3918 and Bayes linear analysis, 21, 10:6610 Labor Research Advisory 1:387 Kuder-Richardson reliability Committes, 6:3920 biogeography application, coefficients, Labor statistics, 1:545 11:7122–7124 6:3918–3922 9318 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Labouchere´ betting systems, Lambda distributions, Laplace-Gauss distribution. 1:481–482 6:3947 See Normal distribution LACIE Lambert, Johann Heinrich, Laplace integral transform, crop acreage estimation, 6:3947–3949 5:3569 10:6574 Lance and Williams Laplace’s first law of error, Ladder index, 6:3922–3923 transformation function, 6:3963. See also Normal Lagged dependent variables, 15:9033 distribution 6:3923–3924 Lancet, The, 7:4726 Laplace’s law of succession, Lagging indicators, Landforms, 10:6799–6807 6:3967 6:3925–3926, 4100 and streamflow, Laplace’s method, Lag models, distributed, 10:6809–6811 6:3967–3972 6:3926–3933 Landmark data, asymptotic expansions Lagrange and related 6:3949–3958 obtained using, 1:26 probability distributions, LANDSAT Laplace’s second law. See 6:3934–3939 proportion estimation in Normal distribution Lagrange expansions, surveys using remote Laplace’s second law of error, 6:3940–3941 sensing, 10:6572–6577 6:3963 and quasibinomial use for agricultural Laplace test for trend, distributions, surveys, 1:79 14:8744–8747 10:6745–6746 Langevin, Paul, Laplace transform, Lagrange multipliers, 6:3960–3961 5:3570–3573, method of, 6:3941 Langevin distribution, 6:3964–3965 Lagrange multiplier test, 6:3960 Large deviations and 6:3942–3944 Langevin equation, 3:1695, applications, and mathematical 6:3961 6:3974–3978 programming, 7:4592 and Kalman filtering, Large mesoscale areas, of Lagrange’s interpolation 6:3798 rainfall fields, 10:6798 formula, 6:3944 Languages. See also Large numbers Lagrangian binomial Linguistics Borel’s strong law of, distribution, lexicostatistics, 6:4146 6:3979 6:3936–3938 Laplace, Pierre Simon, Chebyshev’s law of, 6:3979 Lagrangian distributions 6:3963–3966 Erdos-R¨ enyi´ law of, 6:3979 and urn models, approximations to Large-sample ANOMR test, 14:8899–8900 distributions, 1:192 1:133 Lagrangian logarithmic on complexity, 2:1131 Large-sample theory, distribution, 6:3938 contributions to 6:3980–3986 Lagrangian Poisson astronomy, 1:252 Largest root test distribution, 6:3936 contributions to MANOVA application, Lagrangian relaxation foundations of 8:5164 and semi-definite probability, 10:6453 Laser radar programming, 11:7557 contributions to theory of for computer vision, 2:1164 Lagrangian type chance, 2:817, 819 Laspeyres price index, distributions. See and history of probability, 9:5900 Classical discrete 10:6470 Laspeyres quantity index, distributions, and inverse probability, 9:5900 generalizations of 6:3685–3686 La Tene` Cemetary, in Laguerre series, Laplace-Beltrami operator, archaeological 6:3944–3946 15:9226 investigations, 1:220 Lag window, 15:9182 Laplace distribution, Latent class analysis, Lahiri’s method of selection 6:3961–3962 6:3987–3990 of sample units, 6:3947 α-Laplace distribution. See mixing distributions, Lambda criterion, Wilks’. See Linnik distribution 7:4882 Wilks’s lambda criterion Linnik distribution, 7:4291 Latent dimension, 2:1342 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9319

Latent root distributions, use with adaptive Law of the iterated 6:3992–3998 sampling, 1:42–43 logarithm, 6:4050–4051, nonnull distributions, Latin squares, Latin cubes, 14:8807, 8920 6:3994–3996 Latin rectangles, Laws of error null distributions, 6:4018–4024 development of the 6:3993–3994 Lattice, crystal, 15:9200 concept, 6:4052–4067 Latent root regression, Lattice approximation Gaussian distribution, 6:3999–4001 and quantum physics, 6:4068–4080 Latent structure analysis, 10:6741–6742 later (non-Gaussian) 6:4002–4007 Lattice designs, distributions, Latent Structure Analysis 6:4025–4030, 10:6748 6:4083–4085 (Lazarsfeld and Lord), Lattice distribution, 6:4033, Laws of large numbers, 14:8688 7:4337 6:4086–4088 Latent trait models Lattice gauge models, and arithmetic mean, unidimensionality test 6:4044–4045 1:232 applications, 14:8838 Lattice indexed Markov Borel’s strong, 6:3979 Latent trait theory, random fields, Cantelli’s strong, 2:736 3:1872–1873 7:4562–4563 Chebyshev’s, 6:3979 Latent unidimensionality, Lattice path, 6:4033 Erdos-R¨ enyi,´ 6:3979 14:8837 Lattice path combinatorics, and longest runs, 2:1060 Latent-variable modeling, 6:4033–4040 generic uniform laws of, 6:4008–4013 4:2762–2763 Lattice systems, multivariate binary data, Poisson’s, 9:6220 6:4041–4045 1:491–492 strong, 10:6495, 14:8807, percolation on, 10:6831 Latent variables, 3:2059, 8919–8920 Lattice test. See Random 14:8954 and Borel-Cantelli number generation and factor analysis, lemma, 1:628 Lattice test, for determining 10:6617–6618 uniform, 4:2763 k-distributed sequences, Latent vectors, 2:1138–1139 Laws of mortality. See 10:6592 Latin America Smith-Bain lifetime Lauh and Williams model, agricultural statistics distribution applications, 1:83 1:485 Layard’s test. See Levene’s Latin cubes, 6:4018–4024 Laundering, 3:1861 robust test of Latin hypercube sampling, La Versiera (The Witch, homogeneity of 6:4014–4018, 14:8842 Witch of Agnesi), variances Latinized near balance 15:9189 Lazarsfeld’s trace lines, rectangular lattices, Law, 6:4089–4096 14:8688 14:8772 Lawley-Hotelling test. See LD50, 1:532 Hotelling’s T2 Latin rectangles, L2 designs, 6:4097–4099 6:4018–4024 Lawlike relationships, L-divergence of degree α, Latin squares, 6:4018–4024 6:4045–4050 6 :3741 constrained Law of error, 6:4184 L-divergences, 6:3741 randomization, 10:6843 Law of information Lead plaid and half-plaid conservation, 2:1132 epidemiological studies of squares, 9:6168–6169 Law of large numbers, serum in inner city and trend-free block 4:2763, 14:8807 children, 3:2031 designs, 14:8730, 8735 James Bernoulli develops, Leader form, 11:7596 uniform design using, 1:471–472 Leadership and Isolation 14:8845 Law of small numbers, (Jennings), 12:7845 use in animal studies, 6:4050 Leading indicators, 1:161–162 Law of succession 6:4100–4102 use in ANOVA, 1:134 urn models, 14:8892–8893 Learning, 1:430 9320 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Learning Environment significant range; summary of subject Inventory (LEI), 3:1871 Multiple comparisons coverage, 3:1672 Learning models ordered contingency Lee-Gurland test, for Bayesian networks, tables, 2:1304 Behrens-Fisher problem, 1:430–431 Least significant range, 1:454–457 Markvov networks, 7:4543 6:4112 Left censoring, 2:794, 795, Learning sample, 2:1153 Least significant studentized 804 in CART model, 2:1153 range, 6:4112 Left-truncation, 14:8775 Learning vector quantization Least squares, 6:4112–4116 Legal decision making, classification applications, approximations to 6:4092 2:978 mathematical functions, Legal mode of thought, Learn-Merge invariance, 7:4588 6:4095 6:4103–4104 balanced incomplete block Legendre index Least absolute deviations analysis, 1:605–608 and projection pursuit, (LAD) regression. See quasi-likelihood functions, 10:6559 Regression lines: method 10:6754–6755 Legendre polynomials of least absolute randomized complete block approximations to deviations; Robust analysis, 1:610–611 mathematical functions, regression, positive weak data, 15:9067–9068 7:4590 breakdown in and Jacobi polynomials, weighing designs, 15:9103 Least absolute values 6:3734 Least squares regression, regression. See Legendre symbol, 6:4122 convex, 6:4117–4118 Regression lines: method Legislative district Least squares ridge of least absolute apportionment, regression, 2:1342 deviations; Robust 14:8856–8857 Least surprise principle, regression, positive Lehmann alternatives, 13:8455–8456 breakdown in 6:4122–4123 Least trimmed squares. See Least favorable test statistic for, 10:6938 Robust regression, configuration, Lehmann contrast positive breakdown in 6:4104–4107 estimators, 6:4124–4127 profile-a tests, 10:6541 Lebesgue measure Lehmann-Scheffe´ theorem, ranking and selection and uniform distribution 6:4127–4128 procedures, 10:6908 modulo 1, 14:8850, and completeness, 2:1129 ranking procedures, 8851–8852 Lehmann statistic, 4:2730 10:6916 Le Cam, Lucien, Lehmann tests, 6:4128–4130 Least favorable 6:4118–4121 Leibniz’ method, 1:470 distributions, Le Cam’s first lemma, 2:1298 Leipnik distribution, 6:4130 6:4108–4111 Le Cam’s second lemma, Lemmas. See Theorems and Least favorable families 2:1299 lemmas (Main article for empirical likelihood, Le Cam’s third lemma, only.) 3:1962 2:1299 Lemmer test for measure of Least favorable pair of LeClerg, E. L., Leonard, W. spread, 7:4694 distributions, 6:4108 H., and Clark, A. G. Length-biased sampling, Least favorable prior, 7:4797 (1962). Field Plot 6:4131, 15:9107 Least favorable prior Technique wildlife sampling, 15:9165 distribution, 15:9023 key experimental design Length-biased version, Least-first-power text, 3:1668 weighted distributions, approximation, 7:4588 summary of subject 15:9107 Least median of squares. See coverage, 3:1671 Leone’s (Topp and Leone’s) Robust regression, Lee, W. (1975). Experimental J-shaped distribution, positive breakdown in Design and Analysis 6:3786 Least significant difference. key experimental design Leptokurtic curve, 6:4131 See also Least text, 3:1668 Lerch distribution, 9:6256 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9321

Less developed countries Lexicographic model, for Life tables, 1:33, population sampling in, mean-variance, 7:4682 6:4155–4158. See also 9:6292–6295 Lexicostatistics, Mortality tables Less slanted distribution, 6:4146–4147 Bienayme’s´ contributions, 12:7787 Lexis, Wilhelm, 6:4149 1:487 L1 estimation. See Method of approximations to and experience, 3:2143 least absolute values distributions, 1:193 practical uses, L-estimators, 7:4428 Lexis diagram, 6:4147–4148 6:4157–4258 Lethal dose fifty. See Lexis quotient, 3:1775 trend tests, 14:8754 Bioassay, statistical Lexis ratio, 6:4149 Life tables, Balducci methods in and overdispersion, 9:5894 hypothesis, Leukemia Lexis urn model, 14:8893 6:4158–4159 human radiation hazards, Li, C. C. (1964). Introduction Life testing, 6:4159–4164 3:2018–2020 to Experimental isotonic inference, 6:3705 Kaplan-Meier estimator Statistics for quality control, application, 6:3803 key experimental design 10:6685 Level crossings, 2:1446 text, 3:1669 total positivity application, Level of adequacy, 15:9068 summary of subject 14:8670 Level of a test, 6:4131 coverage, 3:1671 Lifetime Data Analysis, Level of significance, Liang-Fang-Hickernell-Li 7:4724 6:4131–4132 test of multivariate Lighter tails, 14:8944 Levels, 4:2223 Likelihood ratio tests uniformity, 8:5366 Levene’s robust test of and variable-sample-size Liapunov, Alexander homogeneity of sequential probability Mikhailovich, variances, 6:4132–4133 ratio test, 14:8950 6:4150–4151 Leverage, 6:4134 Likelihood, 6:4164–4170 and St. Petersburg school Leverage diagnostics. See Likelihood-based inference of probability, Robust regression, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon 13:8233–8235 positive breakdown in statistic, 7:4477 Liapunov exponents, 2:845 Leverage point, 1:666, 6:4134 Likelihood displacement, Liapunov’s inequality, Levi-Civita connection, in 6:4170–4171, 7:4322 6:4152 differential geometry, Likelihood functions 3:1690 and moment problem, and Akaike’s information Levin’s summation 8:4944 criterion, 8:4923–4924 algorithm, 6:4135–4139 Liapunov’s theorem. See and minimum variance Levy,´ Paul-Pierre, Limit theorem, central unbiased estimation, 6:4143–4144 Library Media Center 7:4832 Levy´ concentration function, Questionnaire/Schools in multivariate Bayesian 2:1181, 6:4140–4141 and Staffing Survey, analysis, 8:5158–5159 Levy´ continuity theorem, 14:8910 as preference function, 2:851–852 Lieberman-Ross procedure, 9:6388, 6390 Levy´ distance (metric), 6:4152 uninformativeness of, 6:4142 Life insurance, 6:4152–4153 14:8872 Levy-Khinchine´ formula, Life insurance underwriting Likelihood orthogonality, of 6:4142–4143 and actuarial health parameters, 9:5931 Levy-Khitnchine´ studies, 1:27–32 Likelihood principle, representation, 2:853 and actuarial science, 6:4171–4173 Levy´ process, 6:4145 1:33–36 and ancillary statistics, Levy’s´ inequalities, 6:4145 Life relationship, Arrhenius, 1:145 Levy´ spectral measure, 6:4153 fiducial distributions, 6:4143 Life-table construction, 4:2294 Lexian distribution, 6:4145 Keyfitz method of, in multivariate Bayesian Lexian sampling, 2:952 6:4153–4155 analysis, 8:5158–5159 9322 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Likelihood property Markov processes, Linear congruential and confidence intervals, 7:4554–4555 pseudo-random number 2:1250 record times, 10:6999 generators modulo 2, Likelihood ratio interval, truncation, 14:8774 10:6595 1:507 Lim-Park test, for mean Linear congruential Likelihood-ratio statistics, residual life, 7:4666 sequence, 10:6593 1:148–149 Lincoln index, 2:749 Linear contaminated Likelihood ratio tests, Lindeberg condition, 6:4190 independence. See 6:4174–4176 Lindeberg-Feller theorem, Dependence, concepts of and Bartlett adjustment, 6:4189–4190 Linear correlation 1:365, 366–367 Lindeberg-Levy´ theorem, coefficients, 2:1385 and Bayes p-values, 1:391 6:4190–4191 Linear covariance patterns, conical alternative tests, Lindeberg’s form of central 9:6020–6021 2:1270 limit theorem Linear decision rules, MANOVA application, and truncation, 14:8775 7:4466 8:5164 Lindley’s equation, 6:4192 Linear discriminant mixture distributions, Lindley’s paradox analysis, 2:976–977 7:4887 and Bayesian model Linear edit, 3:1863 and quasi-symmetry, selection, 1:420 Linear estimators, Bayes, 10:6763 Lindquist, E. F. (1956). 6:4208–4209 test of uniformity, 14:8860 Design and Analysis of Linear exponential family, Lilliefors test, 6:4177 Experiments in 6:4210–4211 Limac¸on of Pascal, 6:4177 Psychology and Linear failure rate Limited dependent variables Education distribution, 6:4212 models, 6:4178–4182 key experimental design Linear filtering. See Linear and Burr Tobit model, text, 3:1669 prediction 13:8641 summary of subject Linear geostatistics, Limited fluctuation coverage, 3:1672 4:2827–2831 credibility, 1:35 Lindstrom-Madden method Linear hazard rate Limited-information for series system distribution, maximum likelihood reliability, 6:4212–4217 (LIML) estimator, 12:7662–7663 14:8803 Linear algebra, Linear inverse regression, Limited-information computational, 6:3691 simultaneous equations 6:4192–4203 Linearity of linear rank mode, 14:8803 Linear-by-linear association statistics, 15:9115 Limiting P-value in the model, 6:4205–4207 Linearization, 6:4217 strong sense, 10:6647 ordered contingency Linearization technique, Limiting P-values, tables, 2:1301 1:436 10:6647–6648 Linear calibration, Linearized maximum Limiting quality level (LQL), 2:698–699 likelihood estimators, 11:7111, 14:8814 Linear-circular correlation, 8:4930 Limit of life-table estimators, 6:4207–4208 Linear least squares. See 6:3804 Linear classification Least squares Limit theorem, central, methods, 2:976–977 Linearly ordered units, 6:4183–4187 Linear combinations of trend-free block designs Limit theorems, spacings, 12:7866–7874 for, 14:8734–8735 6:4187–4189 Linear compartment Linearly separable statistic, applied probability systems, 2:1119–1120 11:7602 studies, 1:188 Linear congruential Linear mixed models distribution pseudo-random number psychological testing characterization generators, applications, through, 2:857–858 10:6593–6594 10:6615–6616 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9323

Linear models Linear systems, statistical Linnik, Yurii Vladimirovich, Bayesian experimental theory of, 6:4265–4268 7:4292–4294 design, 1:396–397 Linear transformations, Linnik distribution, binary data dependence, 14:8697 7:4291–4292 1:489 Linear trend-free block LINPACK with crossed-error designs, 14:8735 conditioning diagnostics, structure, 6:4222–4225 Line-generated random 2:1240 Hansen orthogonality tests tessellations, Liouville-Dirichlet in, 6:4221–4222 10:6883–6884 distributions, with nested-error Line intercept method, 7:4294–4295 structure, 6:4226–4231 14:8694–8695 Lipson,C.andSheth,N.J. Linear model selection, Line intercept sampling, (1973). Statistical 6:4217–4220 6:4268–4270 Design and Analysis of Linear patterned Line intersect sampling, Engineering correlations, 9:6021 6:4270–4271 Experiments Linear plateau models, Lineo-normal distribution, key experimental design 9:6170–6172 8:4934–4935. See text, 3:1669 Linear prediction and Modified normal summary of subject filtering, 9:6336–6345 distribution coverage, 3:1672 Linear probability model Line spectra, 10:6727 LISP-STAT with probit, 10:6499 Line transect, 1:42 ARES plots, 1:230 Linear program, 7:4594 Line transect method, LISREL, 7:4295–4298 Linear programming, 14:8694 for marketing studies, 6:4232–4246 Line transect sampling, 7:4501 banking application, 1:364 7:4273 LISREL VI, 7:4296 data editing applications, animal studies, 1:163 Literature and statistics, 3:1862 Linguistics, 7:4274–4279 7:4299–4305 semi-definite programming classification applications, Live birth, 14:9001 compared, 11:7555 2:972 Liver cancers, 2:706 Linear rank statistic, 1:185, structural distribution Lloyd dam, 3:1521 11:7450 function in, Lloyd’s of London, 11:7285 Linear rank tests, 7:4280–4281 L-Moments, 7:4306–4310 6:4246–4252 Linkage, genetic, Loading of ith variable on jth Linear regression, 7:4281–4284 factor 6:4253–4258 Linkage clustering. See in factor analysis, 8:5151 Berkson error model, Classification-II Load-sharing systems, 6:4259 Linkage function, 7:4311–4317 Berkson error model in, 7:4285–4286 Lobatschewski 6:4259 Linkages in distributions, (Lobachevsky) Schweppe-type estimators, 7:4285–4287 distribution, 7:4319 6:4259–4260 Linked block designs, 7:4287 Local asymptotic normality, Linear sensitivity measure, Link function, 7:4288 1:280–282 6:4260–4262 categorical data, 2:768 Local central limit theorem Linear structural Link index, 7:4287 for densities, 7:4327 relationships. See Lisrel Link relatives, 7:4287 Local central limit theorem Linear Structural Links, landform model, for mass functions, RELationships 10:6800 7:4327 (LISREL), 7:4296 Link tests, 7:4288–4291 Local central limit theorems, Linear sufficiency, LINMAP algorithm 7:4326–4327 6:4263–4265 conjoint analysis for Local decoding Linear systematic statistic, marketing studies, Markov hidden models, 7:4428 7:4506 7:4533 9324 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Local de Moivre-Laplace Local sensitivity Log-concave and log-convex theorem, 3:1554 and Bayesian robustness, distributions, Local dependence functions, 1:438 7:4362–4363 7:4319–4320 Local time, 7:4347–4348 Log-convex distributions, Local influence, 7:4321–4325 Location, measures of. See 7:4362–4363 Local likelihood, Mean, median, and Log-gamma distribution, 7:4341–4342 mode; Median 7:4363–4365 Local limit theorems, estimation, inverse Logic, 1:241 7:4326–4329 Location and scale models and complexity, 2:1131 Local linear regression, equivariant estimators, conditional probability, 7:4340–4341 3:2047 2:1205–1206 Local load sharing, and fiducial inference, quantum logic, 10:6738 7:4314–4316 4:2300 Logical formulas Locally asymptotically Location families, 7:4352 assigning probabilities to, maximum test, 15:9066 manifolds, 7:4473 10:6440–6441 Locally bounded variation, Location parameter, Logical Foundations of 11:7552 7:4348–4351, Probability (Carnap), Locally infinite divisible 4352–4353, 15:9126 2:824 processes Location problem Logic of Chance, The (Venn), absolute continuity of grouped data test statistic, 2:824 probability measures, 10:6937 Logic of Statistical Inference Location-scale families, (Hacking), 2:824 1:8 7:4351–4352 Logic of statistical reasoning, Locally minimum variance Location-scale parameter, 7:4366–4370 unbiased estimators, 7:4352 Logistic curve, 7:4370–4371 7:4836, 14:8819 Location swindle, 8:4987 Logistic discrimination, Locally most powerful Location test for median, 2:976, 977 invariant tests, 12:7727–7728 Logistic distribution, 7:4333–4334 Location test for median 7:4371–4375 Locally most powerful (LMP) difference, Logistic growth curve rank test, 10:6923–6924 12:7727–7728 and trend, 14:8727–8728 Locally most powerful tests, Location tests, 7:4352–4356 Logistic-linear models 7:4331–4332 multivariate, 8:5249–5252 concomitant variables, and Bayes p-values, 1:391 Lod score, 7:4282 2:1187–1188 Pitman efficiency, 3:1880 LOESS procedure, 7:4345 Logistic model Locally most powerful Logarithmic, distributions with probit analysis, unbiased tests, related to the. See 10:6500 7:4332–4333 Classical discrete Logistic-normal distribution, Locally optimal statistical distributions, 7:4376 tests, 7:4330–4334 generalizations of compositional data, Locally uniform prior Logarithmic normal 2:1146–1147 distribution, 10:6425 distribution. See Logistic processes, Local orthogonality, of Lognormal distribution 7:4376–4378 parameters, 9:5929 Logarithmic score as birth-and-death Local polynomial regression, probabilistic forecasting, process, 1:576 7:4342–4343 10:6446, 6447 Logistic regression, Local polynomials Logarithmic series 7:4379–4384 bandwidth selection, distribution, in accelerated life testing, 1:358 7:4357–4359 1:21 Local polynomial smoothing, Logarithmic transformation, banking application, 1:364 7:4334–4338 7:4359 Bartlett adjustment, 1:367 Local regression, Log-change index numbers, biogeography application, 7:4339–4345 7:4360–4362 1:544 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9325

multivariate binary data, Lomax distribution, 7:4403 Lost-game distribution, 1:493–494 London Mathematical 8:4935 Logit, 7:4385 Society, 1:190, 191 Lost-games distribution, and bioassays, 1:535 Longest increasing 6:3672 decision rule, 10:6644 subsequence, Lot sampling inspection finance applications, 2:1067–1068 plan, 10:6682–6683 4:2312–2313 Longest runs, 2:1059–1060 Lotteries, 4:2610 for marketing studies, Longitudinal data analysis, Lotto de Firenze, 4:2610 7:4501 7:4403–4415 Lot tolerance percent weight least squares Longitudinal defective (LTPD), application, 15:9118 Employer-Household 7:4427, 11:7111, Logit estimator, Berkson’s Dynamics (LEHD) 14:8814. See Acceptance 2n rule for, 7:4385 Program, 14:8915 sampling Logit interval, 1:507 Longitudinal studies, Lot tolerance tables, Log-Laplace distribution, 10:6580 Dodge-Romig, 7:4427, 7:4385 adaptive nature of, 4:2501 4428 Log-likelihood function epidemiological statistics, Low discrepancy sequences, and yokes, 15:9213 3:2017 14:8851 Log-likelihood ratio tests medical trials, Lower control limit and Bartlett adjustment, 7:4722–4723 control charts, 2:1347 1:368 missing data in, Lower decile, 3:1557 Log-linear models 7:4859–4860 Lower diagonal matric-t of accelerated failure time, Long memory processes, distribution, 7:4599 1:15 7:4416–4419 Lower percentile point, animal studies, 1:162 Long-range dependence, 9:6054 binary data dependence, 7:4416–4419 Lower probabilities. See 1:489 Long-range order Nonadditive probability in contingency tables, lattice systems, 6:4043 Lower quartile, 9:6054 7:4386–4393 Long-run variance, 14:8878 Lower record times, 10:6996 elections in UK Long-term liquidity, 14:8827 Lower record values, 10:6996 application, 3:1889 Long-term variability Lower specification limits, multivariate binary data, and control charts, 2:1346 2:739 1:490–491 Look-alikes, and eyewitness LOWESS (locally weighted Log-logistic distribution, testimony, 2:1065 scatterplot smoothing) 7:4395–4396 Loop structures procedure, 7:4344–4345 Log-logistic model flowgraph models for, Low-pass filter, 12:7919 binary data dependence, 4:2415–2416 Low-probability-high- 1:489 Lord’s quick test statistics, consequence risk Log-log plots 10:6781 management, use in allometry, Lorentzian distribution, 11:7286–7287 1:114–119 7:4421 Lowspread, 7:4428 Lognormal distribution, Lorenz curve, 7:4421–4425, L-statistics, 7:4428–4432 7:4396–4397 14:8856 Lubbock’s summation outlier resistance, 9:5889 and Zenga curve, formula, 13:8422 Weibull distribution 2:1178–1179 Luce’s choice axiom, compared, 15:9090 Lorenz function, 2:1177 2:937–940 Lognormal size distributions Loss function, 14:8987–8988 Ludo Aleae, De (Cardano), risk theory applications, Colton’s, 7:4426–4427 2:756, 757–758 11:7297 distributional inference, L-unbiased, 14:8821 Log potency ratio, 9:6324 3:1789 Lundberg’s binomial Log-rank scores, Wald’s contributions, criterion 7:4398–4403 15:9019, 9022 mixed Poisson processes, Log return, 4:2316 Loss of information, 7:4427 9:6205 9326 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Lung cancer, 2:709 and Wald’s W-statistics, Mandelbrot cascade, 10:6798 American Legion Lung 15:9028 Mandelbrot set, 4:2480 cancer study, 10:6992 MAID (multivariate Mandel’s generalized epidemiological statistics automatic interaction quadratic equation, relating to smoking, detection) technique, 10:6656 3:2016, 2020–2023 1:303 MANET package mortality rates related to for marketing staudies, selection sequences cohort smoking 7:4500 included in, 14:8726 histories, 3:2024 Mail surveys, 10:6626–6627. trellis displays included, and smoking as causative See Survey sampling 14:8722 factor, 2:780–781 Main effect plans, 7:4446 Man-hour index, 10:6529 Lungs Main effects, 7:4445–4446 Manifest probabilities human radiation hazards, Yate’s algorithm for Rasch model, 10:6956 3:2018–2020 facilitating calculation Manifest variables, 14:8954 Lurking variables, 7:4433 by hand, 15:9208 Manifolds, 7:4471–4474 Luroth,¨ Jakob, 7:4433–4434 Mainland-Gart test Manly-Parr estimators of L-wise decimation, 10:6595, crossover trials, animal populations, 6598 2:1450–1451 1:160–161 Lyapunov, Alexander Majorization and Schur Mann-Fertig statistic. See Mikhailovich convexity-I, Weibull distribution, (Liapunov), 7:4446–4456 Mann-Fertig test Majorizes (vectors), 7:4680 6:4150–4151 statistic for Makeham-Gompertz Lynden-Bell estimator, Mann-Fertig test statistic for distribution, 7:4457 7:4434–4435 Weibull distribution, Mak’s algorithm for astronomical applications, 15:9094–9096 nonlinear estimation, 1:253, 257 Mann-Grubbs method for 8:5559–5560 series system reliability, Malliavin calculus and 12:7663–7664 MacDonald distribution, statistics, 7:4457–4460 Mann’s test for trend, 7:4475 7:4436 Mallows C . See C statistics p p Mann-Whitney statistic, MacDonald function, 7:4436, Mallows’ distances, 15:9154 4437 7:4462–4463 Machine learning, 2:975 Malmquist effects, 1:253 and V-statistics, 14:9015 Machines Malta Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon rarefaction curves, 10:6952 transferable vote system statistic, 7:4475–4477, Maclaurin series, 7:4437 used in, 3:1893 15:9148 MacMillan degree, 6:4266 Malthus, Thomas Robert, Baumgartner-Weiss- MacQueen’s clustering 7:4463–4464 Schindler test compared, algorithm, 7:4437 Malthusian parameter, 14:8798 MAD, 7:4437 1:662, 7:4465 changepoint problem, MAF/TIGER, 14:8915 Malthusian principle, 2:841–842 Magic square, 7:4438 7:4463–4464 cloud seeding study Magic square designs, and logistic processes, application, 15:9080, 7:4438–4439 7:4376 9082 Mahalanobis, Prasanta Management coefficients higher-order asymptotics, Chandra, 7:4443–4445 theory, 7:4466 1:289 collaboration witj Bose, Management science, and rank likelihood, 1:632 7:4465–4471 10:6920 Mahalanobis D2, stochastic differential as rank test, 10:6934 7:4439–4442 equation applications, two-sample problem and classification, 2:968 13:8242–8247 location tests, 7:4354 and predictive distances, Managerial decision rules, use in adapative methods, 9:6367 7:4466–4467 1:39 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9327

Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon Many-one Steel statistics Market model, for finance, test, 15:9153–9255 based on ranked sums, 4:2310–2311 Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon 12:8151–8152 Market studies test, Zaremba’s based on signs, classification applications, modified, 7:4478–4479 12:8149–8151 2:972 MANOVA. See Multivariate Many-server queues. See Markov, Andrei Andreevich, analysis of variance Multiserver queues 7:4515–4517 (MANOVA) MAPCLUS, 10:6586 and St. Petersburg school and patterned means, Marcinkiewicz theorem, of probability, 9:6022 2:855, 7:4488 13:8233–8235 in profile analysis, Marcus-Peritz-Gabriel test, Markov assumption of order 8:5106 10:6533–6534, 6537 q, 14:8710 Mardia’s test of Markov branching processes, and Welch’s nu-criterion, multinormality, 1:661 9:6127 8:5047–5051 Markov chain Monte Carlo Wishart distribution, Marginal distribution, algorithms, 15:9187 8:5036 7:4518–4523 Manpower planning, Marginal distributions. See acceleration methods, 7:4479–4481 Marginalization 7:4520 Mantel, Nathan, Marginal homogeneity, archaeology applications, 7:4486–4488 Stuart-Maxwell test, 1:224 Mantel and Valand’s 7:4489–4490 and Bayesian model nonparametric Marginalization, selection, 1:423 MANOVA, 7:4482 7:4491–4493 Markov chains, 10:6494 Mantel-Haenszel statistic, Marginal likelihood, 10:6589 absorbing, 7:4523 2:1024, 7:4483–4486 Marginal likelihood models applied probability and difference of means for multivariate ordinal studies, 1:188 test, 3:1688 data, 8:5292–5301 birth-and-death processes, and log-rank scores, Rasch model, 10:6958 1:572–573 7:4400 Marginal means models bootstrapping, 1:625–626 Miettinen’s test statistic as multivariate binary data, with continuous infinity of special case of, 7:4584 1:494–495 states, 7:4551–4552 preferable to Woolf’s test, Marginal proportions with discrete states, 15:9196 and quasi-independence, 7:4547–4548 and quasi-symmetry, 10:6749 factorial series 10:6765 Marginal symmetry, distributions, 4:2228 similarity to McNemar’s 7:4493–4496 geometrically ergodic, and quasi-symmetry, 11:7010 test, 14:8794 10:6762–6763 irreducible, 6:3705 use in prospective studies, Margin of error, 7:4489 mixture distributions, 10:6582 Marine mammal studies 7:4895 Manto Carlo approximations adaptive sampling Moran dam, 3:1520 higher-order asymptotics, application, 1:41 quasi-symmetry, 10:6765 1:289 Market augmentation record values, 10:6998, Manual projection pursuit, marketing decisions in 7003 10:6558 surveys, 7:4499 and recurrence criterion, Manufacturers’ Shipments, Marketing, 7:4497–4510 11:7009 Inventories, and Orders Bayesian forecasting, Reed-Frost model, 11:7036 Report, 14:8914 1:401 semi-dissipative and Manufacturing and Trade Marketing Science, 7:4498 non-dissipative, Report, 14:8914 Marketing utilization 11:7563–7564 Manx model, of bird weighted distribution and total positivity, navigation, 1:186 application, 15:9111 14:8665 9328 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Markov chains, (continued) Fokker-Planck equations conditional probability and transition (Markov) for, 7:4560–4561 application, 2:1205 models, 14:8710–8711 local asymptotic normality, counting processes, uniformization of, 14:8867 1:280 2:1405–1406 urn models, 14:8893–8894 manpower planning Doleans-Dades´ Markov chains of order k, application, exponential, and product 7:4528 7:4480–4481 integration, 10:6523 Markov decision processes, queues, 10:6776 Forward martingale 7:4524–4527, and random walks, sequence, 14:8918 4556–4557 10:6985 Kaplan-Meier estimator, Markov-dependent mixture, semigroup approach, 1:674 6:3811–3812 7:4531 transition (Markov) semimartingales, absolute Markovian dependence, models, 14:8710–8714 continuity of probability 7:4528–4529 transitions in measures, 1:8 Markovian multiserver nonhomogeneous, Skorokhod representation, queues, 8:5128–5130 2:1409–1410- 7:4572–4573 Markov inequality, 7:4530 wear, 15:9070 urn models, 14:8893 Markov kernel, 1:279–280 Wiener chain, 15:9139 Masking and swamping, Markov models Markov random fields, 7:4573–4576 event history analysis, 5:3063, 7:4561–4564, Masking dependencies, 3:2111–2112 10:6824 2:1242 Mason’s rule. See Flowgraph hidden, 7:4531–4534 computer vision for analysis Markov networks, 1:425, visualizing, 2:1165 Mason’s rule, in flowgraph 7:4535–4544 Markov time, 3:1696 analysis, 4:2410–2411 Markov population process, Markov (transition) models, 7:4554 Massart inequality, 14:8945 14:8710–8714 Markov processes, 7:4528, Masses, in barycentric Mark-recovery models, 4546–4557 coordinates, 1:372 2:751–752 absolute continuity of Mass function, 3:2116 Markvov networks probability measures, Mass-size distributions constructing models, 1:8 weighted distribution 7:4542–4543 aging first-passage times, application, 15:9109, Marl estimator, 1:60–63, 66–67 9111 7:4564–4566 AIDS modeling, 1:90–91 Master Sample of applied probability Marriage, 7:4566–4567, Agriculture, 1:74–75, studies, 1:188 14:9001, 9003 228–229 arc-sine densities, cohort analysis, 2:1052 Master samples, 1:226–227 and fertility measurement, 7:4576–4577 and Brownian motion, 4:2287 Match-box problem, 1:672 Marsaglia’s table method. Banach’s, 1:358 carcinogenesis stochastic See Random number Matched controls modeling using, generation epidemiological statistics, 2:708–710 Marshall-Edgeworth-Bowley 3:2019 and Chung processes, index, 7:4567–4568 Matched couples, birthday 2:940–944 Marshall-Olkin multivariate problem variant, competing risks, 2:1157 exponential 2:1062 conditional probability distributions, Matched filter for M-ary application, 2:1205 8:5216–5218 detection, 2:1098–1099 with continuous state and Martingale differences, Matched pairs, 7:4577–4579 parameter spaces, 7:4569 and quasi-symmetry, 7:4553–4554 Martingales, 7:4569–4574, 10:6764 embedded processes, 10:6475 Matched pairs t-tests, 3:1927 and complexity, 2:1129 7:4579–4583 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9329

Matched samples MATLAB, 12:8084, unbiased estimators, McNemar’s test for 8090–8891 7:4714 two-by-two tables, Matrices Maximal invariant statistics. 14:8793 manifolds, 7:4473 See Invariance Matched samples, Matrices, complex-valued, Maximal-length shift Miettinen’s test statistic 7:4597–4598 register sequence, for, 7:4583–4584 Matrices, random. See 10:6595 Matching distance, 2:968. Random matrices Maximin tests. See Minimax See Classification-I Matric-t distribution, tests Matching distribution, 7:4598–4601 Maximized relative 4:2229 Matrix, ill-conditioned, likelihood, 10:6589 Matching problem, 7:4611–4612 Maximum allowable percent 7:4585–4587 Matrix beta distributions, defective (MAPD), Matching problems, 2:1065 7:4616–4618 7:4625 Matching test. See Matrix-exponential Maximum deviation, 14:8856 Goodness-of-fit distributions, Maximum distance estimator distribution, Takac’s´ 7:4606–4610 Mathematica, 12:8091–8892 weighted empirical Matrix-exponential processes for linear Mathematical Biosciences, representations, 7:4587 combinations of, 15:9115 7:4606–4607 Maximum efficiency robust Mathematical expectation, Matrix-geometric 13:8403 test, 14:8799 distributions, 7:4607 Mathematical functions, Maximum efficiency robust Matrix-geometric approximations to, two-sample rank test, representations, 7:4607 7:4587–4591 14:8799–8800 Matrix inversion lemma, Mathematical genetics Maximum entropy 7:4612–4613 applied probability distributions. See Matrix normal distributions, studies, 1:188 Classical discrete 7:4614–4616 Mathematical Methods in distributions, Matrix of factor loadings, Statistics (Cramer),´ generalizations of 8:5151 15:9169 Maximum entropy method, Matrix sampling Mathematical Models and in psychological testing, 7:4627–4629 Methods in Marketing crystallography (Bass et al.), 15:9169 10:6611 Matrix trace, 14:8687 applications, 2:1461 Mathematical morphology. Maximum entropy principle, See Classification-I; Matrix-valued distributions, 7:4613–4618 10:6464 Discriminant analysis Maximum entropy principle: Mathematical programming, Matrix-variate beta classical approach, 7:4592–4597 distribution, 7:4630 7:4625–4627 Mathematical Statistics and zonal polynomials, Maximum entropy spectral (Wilks), 15:9168, 9169 15:9228 analysis, 7:4627–4629 Mathematical Statistics Matter of Chance, The (Yastremskii), 15:9208 (Mellor), 2:824 Maximum expected utility, Mathematical structure, Matusita’s distance, 2:1037 10:6457–6458 7:4620–4622 Maximum likelihood Mathematical theory of Maurice model. See Loss estimation, 7:4629–4637 population. See function, Colton’s in actuarial science, Population, Maverick. See Outliers 1:33–34 mathematical theory of Maxbias curve, 7:4622–4624 in archaeology studies, Mathematics in Max-cut problem, 11:7556 1:219 Computation, 7:4591 Maximal ancillary, 2:1202 ARIMA models, 1:313–314 Mathisen’s median test, Maximal asymptotic asymptotic expansions, 7:4712 concentration, median 1:265–266 9330 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Maximum likelihood construction, McNemar’s statistic estimation, (continued) 8:4919–4921 Miettinen’s test statistic binomial distribution Maximum compared to, 7:4584 sample size estimation, mean-square-error McNemar’s test for 1:522–527 model, 14:8847 two-by-two tables, biogeography application, Maximum-modulus test, 14:8793–8794 1:544 7:4639–4640 m-Dependence, 7:4654 for censored data, 2:797, Maximum penalized Mean, 7:4657–4660, 802–803 likelihood estimation, 10:6494. See also errors in variables, 7:4640–4642 Expected value 3:2059–2062 Maximum probability adjusted in Bayes linear estimation in restricted estimation, 7:4643–4647 analysis, 1:387 parameter spaces, Maximum product of arithmetic, 1:231–233 3:2087–2090 spacings estimation, array, 1:234 fix-point method, 4:2389 7:4648–4651 estimation by ranked set frailty models application, Maximum unlikelihood, sampling, 10:6902–6903 4:2498 14:8888 geometric, 4:2781–2783 Freeman-Tukey test, MAXOF clustering model harmonic, 5:3072–3073 4:2515 (MAXimize an Objective James-Stein estimators of, isotonic inference, Function), 15:9033 6:3734–3736 6:3706–3707 MAXVAR Mid-mean, 7:4768 Miller-Griffiths estimation logarithmic series canonical analysis procedure for, 7:4661 distribution, 7:4359 application, 2:726–727 Miller-Griffiths estimation mixing distributions, Maxwell, James Clerk, 7:4885–4886, procedure for mean, 1:614, 7:4652–4654 4892–4893 7:4661 contributions to statistical modified power series regression to the mean, mechanics, 1:614, distributions, 11:7099–7100 7:4652–4654 8:4936–4937 Searls’ estimators of, Maxwell-Boltzmann and quasi-independence, 7:4666–4667 distribution, 1:615, 10:6750 sequential estimation in 4:2285, 10:6987 record linkage and finite populations, Maxwell-Boltzmann matching systems, 12:7623–7625 statistics, 1:615, 10:6994 submean, 13:8403 and second-order 4:2284–2286 trimean, 14:8762 efficiency, 3:1883 Maxwell distribution, weighted quasilinear, with transect methods, 7:4652, 4653 15:9122 14:8696 Maxwell’s demon, Mean, estimation of. See use with Hildreth-Lu 7:4653–4654 Location parameter scanning method, 1:309, Maxwell’s equations, 10:6727 Mean, median, and mode, 310 McCall T-scores. See 7:4657–4660 Weibull distribution, Normalized T scores Mean absolute error, 7:4680 15:9089–9090 McCarthy-Birnbaum Mean chronology, with William’s test of conjecture, related to dendrochronology, trend, 15:9174, 9175 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 3:1601 Maximum likelihood statistics, 6:3869–3872 Mean concentration function, estimators McIntyre-Takahashi- 7:4655 finite populations, 4:2332 Wakimoto selective Mean deviation, Maximum likelihood procedure, 7:4661 7:4655–4656 selection rules McKay’s approximation. See Mean difference. See Gini’s and selection of Coefficient of mean difference distributions for model variation-II Mean (element), 1:5 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9331

Mean function Mean squared error, Measures of location. See power law process, 9:6305 7:4680–4681 Mean, median, and mode Mean half-square successive and unbalanced design Measures of prediction. See difference, 13:8407. See measures, 14:8817 Prediction, measures of Successive differences Mean squared error Measures of skewness Mean integrated squared consistency, 7:4680 mean, median, mode, error, 7:4681. See Mean Mean square estimation 7:4658–4659 squared error and conditional probability Measures of unbalancedness and bandwidth selection, and expectation, of designs. See 1:359–360 2:1226–1227 Unbalancedness of Mean of finite populations. Mean square successive designs, measures of See Sequential difference, 13:8407 Measures of uniformity. See estimation of the mean Means tests Uniformity, measures of in finite populations one-sample trimmed and Measures of variability Mean P Winsorized, 14:8763 and control charts, decision rule, 10:6644 two-sample trimmed and 2:1346–1347 Mean reciprocal values, Winsorized means, Measure theory in 7:4661–4663 14:8763–8764 probability and Mean residual life function, Mean successive difference, statistics, 7:4695–4701 7:4664 13:8406 Meat and linear hazard rate Mean time to failure, 7:4682 epidemiological statistics distribution, and life testing, 6:4159 related to dietary 6:4213–4214 Mean value under usual consumption, 3:2016 Mean residual life tests, (design) stress, 1:16 MEDIAC, 7:4506 7:4664–4666 Mean-variance analysis, Medial correlation Means 7:4682–4683 coefficient, 7:4702 censored data for Measurable function, Median, 7:4657–4660, difference of means test, 10:6493 9:6054 3:1687–1688 Measurement, 10:6509 and arithmetic mean, grouping normal, statistics application, 1:233 5:2990–2991 3:1987–1988 in five-number summaries, Kolmogorov means, 6:3868 Measurement controls 4:2382 Muirhead’s inequality, for calibration, 2:696–697 use with control charts, 7:4680 Measurement error, 3:2059, 2:1348, 1352–1353 Muirhead’s inequality for, 7:4684–4686 Mediancentre, 12:7888 7:4680 and bias, 1:483 Median class, 7:4657 patterned, 9:6022 and quality concept, Median effective dose. See pooling, 9:6270–6271 10:6674 Bioassay, statistical tests for trimmed and Measurement structures, methods in Winsorized, 7:4686–4691 Median estimation, 14:8762–8764 Measurement theory, 7:4703–4708 Mean sequence, 10:6515 7:4692–4693 Median estimation, inverse. Mean-shift detection Measure of spread, 7:4694 See Median procedures, Lemmer test for, 7:4694 estimation-II 7:4667–4676 Measures of agreement. See Median lethal dose. See Mean slippage problems, Agreement, measures of Bioassay, statistical 7:4677–4679 Measures of association. See methods in Mean square Association, measures of Median-oriented quantile ANOVA table column, Measures of diversity, function, 10:6707–6708 1:173 10:6943 Median polish, 7:4709 Mean square contingency Measures of information. See Tukey’s, 7:4709–4710 as measure of association, Information, measures Median polish, Tukey’s, 1:249 of 7:4709–4710 9332 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Median ranked set sampling, Mellin transform, Metameter, 7:4738 10:6906 5:3573–3574 Metanalysis Median regression, 11:7080 Memoirs of the medical trials, 7:4723 Median star, 12:7989 Extraordinary Life, Metastatistics. See Median test Works, and Discoveries Nonexperimental Brown-Mood, of Martinus Scriblerus inference 7:4710–4711, 4712 (Arbuthnot?), 1:204 Meteorology, 7:4748–4753 Janacek-Meikle, 2:1353 Memoryless property. See Brier score in weather Mathisen’s, 7:4712 Characterization of forecasting, multivariate multisample, distributions 15:9071–9072 8:5266–5268 Mendelian inheritance, cloud seeding, use in adapative methods, 3:2121 15:9073–9084 1:39 Mendenhall, 3:1672 cycles, 2:1509 Median tracing, 12:7794 Mendenhall, W. (1968). Method of averages, Median unbiased estimators, Introduction to Linear regression lines, 7:4713–4714 Models and the Design 11:7072–7073 Medical diagnostics, and Analysis of 7:4715–4718 Method of elements. See Experiments Commonality analysis; actuarial health studies, key experimental design 1:28 Newton-Spurrell method text, 3:1669 Method of group averages, Medical examinations, for summary of subject life insurance, 1:30 regression lines, coverage, 3:1672 Medical impairments 11:7073–7074 Menon estimators for actuarial health studies, Method of images, 11:7039, Weibull parameters, 1:31 7040 15:9096–9097 Medical Impairment Study Method of interlaced Merchant banks, 1:361 1926, 1:30–31 parabolas, 1:101 Merriman, Mansfield, Medical Impairment Study Method of Lagrange 7:4728–4729 1929, 1:31 multipliers, 6:3941 Merrington-Pearson Medical Research Council, Method of least absolute approximation, 7:4725 deviation, regression 7:4729–4730 Medical statistics Meru Prastara, 9:6008 lines, 11:7074–7075 and Aalen’s additive risk Method of least pth powers, model, 1:46 Mesa-logistic distribution, 7:4730 regression lines, Medicine, 7:4719–4726 11:7076–7078 cycles, 2:1509 Mesokurtic curve, 7:4731 Messy data, 7:4731–4734 Method of minimum final prediction error approximation, 11:7079 criteria application, M-estimators, 7:4735–4740 Method of moments, 4:2309 for linear calibration, 3:2092–2096 Medico-Actuarial Mortality 2:699 binomial distribution Investigation, 1:28, 30 and robest estimation, sample size estimation, Medico-actuarial studies, 11:7305 1:27–32 Meta-analysis, 7:4741–4743 1:522–527 Meeker-Luvalle model clinical trials, 2:995–996 mixing distributions, of accelerated failure time, Meta-conditional 7:4884–4885, 4892 1:15 independence, 2:1195 Method of reciprocal Mehler identity, 2:722 Metadata, 7:4744–4747, averages, 10:6611 Meixner hypergeometric 12:8144–8146 Method of scoring, 6:3716 distribution function, Meta-information Method of sieves estimation, 7:4727 and EDI, 3:1896 3:2098–2100 Meixner polynomials, 7:4728 Metamathematics of Method of variables, 7:4755 Mellin integral transform, probability. See Methods (Main articles only.) 5:3569 Probability and logic adaptive methods, 1:36–40 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9333

approximating integrals, Hansen-Hurwitz method minimax method, Temme’s method, for subsampling 7:4799–4800 1:192 nonrespondents, mixture method, autoregressive error, 13:8403–8405 7:4909–4913 Hildreth-Lu scanning Harter’s adaptive robust Monte Carlo methods, method, 1:308–309 method for regression 8:4977–4984 average critical value lines, 11:7070–7071 empirical response method, 1:322 Hildreth-Lu scanning surfaces in, bias reduction, method for 8:4984–4986 Quenouille’s method for, autoregressive error, moving-observer sampling 1:484–486 1:308–309 method, 8:5008 inclusion-exclusion Bitterlich’s angle-count multivariate functions, method, 5:3363 method, in forestry, Pi(π) method for index-removal methods, 4:2445 estimation, 8:5227–5228 5:3437–3440 bounds, Cooke’s method of multivariate matching jackknike methods, estimation, 1:633–634 methods, 8:5255–5257 branch-and-bound method, 6:3727–3733 Karber¨ method, nearest-neighbor methods, 1:657–659 8:5405–5406 capture-recapture 6:3820–3821 Keyfitz method for Nelder-Mead simplex methods, 2:743–752 method, 8:5424–5426 Cauchy’s interpolation variance estimation, 14:8970–8971 Newton-Raphson methods, method for regression Keyfitz method of life-table 8:5469–5471 lines, 11:7069–7070 construction, Newton-Spurrell method, Delta method, infinite 6:4153–4155 8:5475–5477 dimensional, Lagrange method of n-point method, 3:1575–1583 multipliers, 6:3941 8:5677–5678 distribution-free methods, Lahiri’s method of number-theoretic methods, 3:1792–1798 selection of sample 8:5684–5688 Bell-Doksum, 3:1800 units, 6:3947 Papadakis method, Doolittle method, Laplace’s method, 9:5917–5920 3:1820–1821 6:3967–3972 estimation Pi(π) method for Life-table construction, estimating multivariate generalized Keyfitz method of, method-of-moments, functions, 8:5227–5228 6:4153–4155 Pocock and Simon method, 4:2725–2728 Lindstrom-Madden Keyfitz method for 9:6178–6179 method for series system Predecessor-successor variance, reliability, method, 9:6324–6326 14:8970–8971 12:7662–7663 quantile transformation method of moments, Mann-Grubbs method for methods, 10:6720–6721 3:2092–2096 series system reliability, Quenouille’s method for method of sieves, 12:7663–7664 3:2098–2100 method of Lagrange bias reduction, multivariate functions, multipliers, 6:3941 1:484–486 Pi(π) method for, method of moments quotient method, 8:5227–5228 estimation, 3:2092–2096 10:6785–6787 fix-point method, method of sieves random-digit dialing, 4:2388–2395 estimation, 3:2098–2100 sampling methods for, generalized method of statistical 10:6822–6824 method-of-moments differentials, regression lines estimation, 4:2725–2728 12:8024–8025 Cauchy’s interpolation graph-theoretical methods, method of variables, method, 5:2910–2915 7:4755 11:7069–7070 9334 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Methods (Main articles only.) staircase method MGF. See Moment (continued) (up-and-down), generating functions Harter’s adaptive robust 12:7979–7982 MGF estimator, method, statistical differentials, 7:4764–4765 11:7070–7071 method of, MG procedure, 10:6904 method of averages, 12:8024–8025 Michaelis-Menten model, 11:7072–7073 Stein’s method, 7:4765–4767 method of group 13:8163–8169 Mickey’s estimator averages, stepwise resampling Quenouille’s estimator 11:7073–7074 methods, 13:8181–8184 compared, 1:485 method of least absolute subsampling Mickey’s ratio and regression deviation, nonrespondents, estimators, 11:7074–7075 Hansen-Hurwitz method 10:6965–6967 method of least pth for, 13:8403–8405 Mickey’s unbiased ratio and powers, 11:7076–7078 supra-Bayesian regression estimators. most approximative methodology, See Ratio and regression method, 11:7079 13:8451–8453 estimators, Mickey’s repeated median Temme’s method of Mid-mean, 7:4768 method, 11:7079 approximating integrals, Midrange reliability, nonparametric 1:192 use with control charts, methods in, transect methods, 2:1348 11:7128–7132 14:8694–8697 Midranges, 7:4768–4771 sampling variance estimation, Midrank, 1:184 Hansen-Hurwitz method Keyfitz method for, Midspread, 7:4771 for subsampling 14:8970–8971 Midzuno sampling nonrespondents, variate difference method, distribution. See Ratio 13:8403–8405 14:8982–8984 estimators-I Lahiri’s method of varimax method, 14:8992 Miettinen’s test statistic for selection of sample X-11 method, matched samples, units, 6:3947 15:9198–9199 7:4583–4584 moving-observer Methuen Monographs in similarity to Cochran’s sampling method, Applied Probability and Q-statistic, 10:6579 8:5008 Statistics, 1:186 similarity to McNemar’s random-digit dialing, Metodo delle aree, 2:736 test, 14:8794 sampling methods for, Metric classical Migration, 7:4771–4774, 10:6822–6824 multidimensional 9:6283 stepwise resampling scaling, 8:5027–5029 cohort analysis, 2:1052 methods, Metric number theory, Military standards for 13:8181–8184 10:6432–6433 fixed-length life tests, score function method, Metrics, ideal, 7:4762 7:4774–4776 11:7488–7494 Metrics and distances on Military standards for sequential Monte Carlo probability spaces, sequential life testing, methods, 12:7626–7629 7:4755–4761 7:4776–4779 series system reliability Metrika, 7:4762–4763 Military statistics, Lindstrom-Madden Metron, International 7:4780–4786 method for, Journal of Statistics, Milky Way galaxy, 1:253 12:7662–7663 7:4763 Millenium Indicators Mann-Grubbs method Metropolis-Hastings Database (UN), 14:8876 for, 12:7663–7664 algorithm, 7:4518–4519 Miller-Griffiths estimation shortcut methods, 12:7699 and Bayesian model procedure for mean, sieves, method of, selection, 1:423 7:4661 12:7708–7710 rate of convergence, 7:4521 Miller indices, 2:1459 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9335

Miller’s paradox of Minimum covariance Minimum unlikelihood information, determinant estimator, estimation. See 9:5920–5921 7:4838. See Robust Unlikelihood Milliken’s estimability regression, positive Minimum variance unbiased criterion, 3:2067–2068 breakdown in estimation, 7:4832–4836 Millimeter wave radar computation, 7:4840 estimating equations, forcomputervision,2:1164 convergence, 7:4839 3:2069 Mill’s ratio, 7:4787–4788 Minimum decision rules, modified power series MIL-STD-414, 1:25, 10:6684 3:1558 distributions, MIL-STD-471, 7:4776 Minimum description length 8:4937–4938 MIL-STD-690B, 7:4776 principle, 7:4817–4820 Minimum volume ellipsoid MIL-STD-781C, Minimum discrimination estimator, 1:655, 6:4163–4164, information (MDI) 7:4838–4839. See 7:4775–4776, estimation, 7:4821–4822 Robust regression, 4777–4779 Minimum distance positive breakdown in MIL-STD-105D, 1:25, estimation, 7:4823–4825 computation, 7:4839–4840 10:6684, 6688 Minimum divergence convergence, 7:4839 Minard, Charles Joseph, estimation, 7:4826–4831 Minimum volume 7:4789–4791 Minimum function, 4:2601 estimation, 7:4837–4840 Min cut set, 2:1043 Minimum Hellinger distance MINISSA program, 8:5029 Min degree method estimators, 5:3111–3115 characteristics, 8:5034 cluster analysis, 2:1007 Minimum mean square error Minitab, 7:4841–4843 Mind Over Matter (Cole), prediction, 9:6246 mixture data analysis, 3:1954 Minimum norm factor 7:4874, 4875 Minimal cut sets, 4:2256 analysis. See Factor multivariate analysis Minimal I-map, 1:427, 430 analysis, minimum rank available in, 8:5143 Minimal path set. See Minimum norm quadratic Minitab Release 14, 7:4843 Coherent structure estimation. See Minitest market procedures, theory MINQUE 7:4508 Minimal sufficient statistic, Minimum orthogonal sum of Minkowski-Bouligand 7:4833. See Sufficient squares (MOSS), 8:5000 dimension, 4:2466, 2467 statistic Minimax decision rule Minimum P Minkowski’s inequality, Wald’s contributions, decision rule, 10:6644 7:4843 15:9019, 9023 Minimum rank Min-max bias estimator, Minimax decision rules, factor analysis, 7:4623 7:4791–4795 4:2214–2215 Min path set, 2:1043, 1045 Minimax estimation, Minimum risk equivariant MINQUE, 7:4843–4848, 7:4793–4794, estimators. See 14:8961 4796–4798 Equivariant estimators MINQUE(NND), Minimax method, Minimum sample size, 7:4847–4848 7:4799–4800 Cochran’s rule for, MINQUE(U), 7:4845–4846 Minimax risk, Pinsker bound 7:4831–4832 MINQUE(U, I), 7:4845 for, 7:4801–4808 Minimum spanning tree. See MINQUE(U, NND), 7:4847 Minimax tests, 7:4810–4812 Dendrites MINQUE without Minimum-cost designs Minimum trace unbiasedness, 7:4846 for quality control, 10:6684 factor analysis, Minres method. See Factor Minimum abberation 4:2216–2218 analysis comparing factorial Minimum trace factor Misclassification index, designs for uniformity, analysis. See Factor Youden’s, 7:4849 14:8848 analysis, minimum trace Misclassification probability. Minimum chi-square, Minimum unlikelihood, See Discriminant 7:4812–4816 14:8887–8888 analysis 9336 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Mises, Richard Von (Von Mixed moment of the Mixtures of normal Mises, Richard). See Von variables X/d1/D, ..., Xn distributions, estimation Mises, Richard Martin of order k, 8:4947 of, 7:4913–4914 Edler Mixed Poisson distributions, Mizutani distribution. See Mises’ distribution. See 2:954 Generalized Directional distributions Mixed Poisson process, hypergeometric Mis-match repair genes, and 9:6203–6206 distributions cancer, 2:702–703 Mixed Poisson processes MLP Neural networks Missing data, 5:3411–3417 and risk theory, data imputation Box-Jenkins model, 1:650 11:7295–7296, 7297, application, 3:1867 censored data constrasted, 7298 M-matrices in statistics, 2:794 Mixed rank order statistics, 8:4915–4916 imputation, 3:1865 10:6929–6930 Mobius¨ function, 8:4916 record linkage and Mixing Modal block algorithm. See matching systems, and self-consistency, Classification-II 10:6993 11:7545 and classification, 2:971 sensitivity analysis, Mixing, ergodic theorem, Mode, 7:4657–4660. See 7:4849–4856 3:2050 Mean, median, and mode types of, 7:4858–4860 Mixing density, 7:4880 and arithmetic mean, weighted distributions for, Mixing proportions, 7:4881, 1:233 15:9107 4890 Model-based approaches Missing information to adaptive sampling, 1:44 Mixture data analysis, principle, 7:4861–4865 archaeology applications, 7:4871–4879 Missing values in two-by-two 1:221–225 Mixture density function, tables, 14:8795 Model building 7:4880 Misspecification, stochastic compartment Mixture distribution, 2:950 7:4865–4867 models, 2:1121–1122 Mixture distributions, White tests of, Model choice 7:4880–4896 7:4868–4869 penalized likelihood in, compound, 2:1147 Misspecification, White tests 9:6052 detecting, 7:4887 of, 7:4868–4869 Model construction: selection Mittag-Leffler distributions, estimation, 7:4884–4885, of distributions, 7:4870 4891–4893 8:4916–4921 Mittag-Leffler process, Mixture experiments, Model fitting 7:4870 7:4899–4908 Aalen’s additive risk MIVQUE, 14:8961 Mixture hazard models, model, 1:47–49 Mixed ARMA models, 1:319 7:4909 Model-free regression, Mixed binomial Mixture method, 8:4922–4923 distributions, 2:952 7:4909–4913 Model I, 8:4929 Mixed congruential Mixture resolution Model identification generator, 10:6593 modified power series cycles, 2:1510 Mixed-effects model, distribution application, Model II, 8:4929 4:2383–2386, 14:8961 8:4939 Model III, 8:4929 as Model III, 8:4929 Mixtures, 7:4880 Model ill conditioning, Mixed integer program conjugate families of 2:1237 and mathematical distributions, Modeling, statistical. See programming, 7:4596 2:1280–1281 Statistical modeling Mixed models, of experimental designs with, Model selection carcinogenesis, 14:8847–8848 Bayes factor consistency, 2:707–708 tests about, 7:4893–4894 1:380 Mixed moment, 10:6531. See Mixtures of Dirichlet capture-recapture method Product moment processes, 3:1723 application, 2:752 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9337

Model selection: Akaike’s Modified maximum Moment problem, information criterion, likelihood estimator, 8:4944–4945 8:4923–4926, 4928 8:4930–4933 Moment-ratio diagrams, Model selection: Bayesian Modified normal 8:4945–4946 information criterion, distributions, Moment-ratios, 8:4946–4947 8:4928 8:4934–4935 Moments, 8:4947, 10:6494 Models I, II, and III, 8:4929 Modified play-the-winner Moments, method of. See Model-unbiased estimation, rule, 9:6176–6177 Estimation: method of 3:2101–2103 Modified power series moments Moderating variables, distribution, Moments, partial, 14:8956 8:4935–4939 8:4948–4949 Modified logarithmic series Lagrange and related Moments, trigonometric, distribution, 1:592 distributions, 6:3944 8:4950 Modified Allan variance Modified profile likelihood, Moments of negative order, and successive differences, 1:151 7:4662 13:8409 Modified Savage scores, Moments of sample Modified Bessel function of 11:7449 moments, 3:2094–2095 the second kind Modified Savage statistics, Moments test of normality. MacDonald function, 11:7449 See Test of normality, 7:4436 Modified Wilson interval, D’Agostino Modified bessel functions of 1:508 Monitoring variables, the first kind, 1:477, Modified Yule distribution, 14:8956 478–479 15:9215 Monkeys, reproducing works Modifield sampling. See Modified bessel functions of of Shakespeare, 2:1058 Curtailed sampling plan the second kind, 1:477, Monomial symmetric Modulated normal 479 functions, 13:8495 distribution, 8:4934 Modified biserial correlation, Monotone likelihood ratio, Modulus, 1:26 1:578–579 8:4950–4951 Modulus, for pseudo-random Modified bivariate Monotone mean residual life number generator, logarithmic series tests for, 7:4664–4665 10:6593 distribution, 1:592 Monotone regression, Modulus transformation, Modified exponential growth 8:4951–4966 8:4940 curve Modulus transformation Monotone relationships, and trend, 14:8727 family, 8:4940 8:4968–4970 Modified Hankel function Moivre, Abraham De. See De Monotone trend, 8:4971 MacDonald function, Moivre, Abraham Monotonic complexity, 7:4436 Molecular biology 2:1132 Modified Hermite and algorithmic Monotonicity and polynomials, 5:3119. See information theory, polytonicity, Chebyshev-Hermite 1:106–107 8:4971–4976 polynomials Moment approximation Monotonicity coefficients, Modified hot-deck method, procedures, 8:4975 3:1866 8:4941–4942 Mono-unsaturated fat Modified Jeffreys interval, Moment generating death-rate correlation 1:506–507 functions, 4:2744, coefficients for certain Modified maximum 2750–2751. See factors, 3:2027 likelihood. See Generating functions Monte Carlo method, data Restricted maximum defective distributions, adjusting, 3:1865 likelihood (REML) 4:2751 Monte Carlo methods, Modified maximum Moment inequality, 8:4977–4984 likelihood estimation, Rosenthal’s, 8:4943 abd robest estimation, 8:4930–4933 Moment matrix, 8:4944 11:7302 9338 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Monte Carlo methods, Mood’s dispersion test, cohort analysis, (continued) 3:1773–1774. See 2:1051–1052 computer applications for Dispersion test, Mood’s follow-up, 4:2423 solution of distribution Moolgavkar-Venzen- and Malthusian problems, 2:1160–1162 Knudson model of parameter, 7:4465 data imputation carcinogenesis, 2:703, Mortality experience, 3:2143 application, 3:1865 705–706 ‘‘Mortality in Sweden’’ empirical response Moral certainty, (Wargentin), 15:9036, surfaces in, 8:4990–4991 9037 8:4984–4986 Moral graph, 1:427 Mortality model, Hannerz, financial time series Moral graph, triangulation 8:4995 of, 8:4991–4993 application, 4:2321 Mortality rate, 6:4155, location parameter, 7:4351 Moran dam, 3:1520–1521 10:6961 mixing distributions, Moran’s I, 12:7875–7878 Mortality ratio, 1:29 7:4893 Moran’s spatial Mortality tables with probit analysis, autocorrelation construction, 1:33–34 10:6503 coefficient, and quasi-independence, with rank tests, 10:6934 12:7875–7878 record linkage and Moran statistic. See Spatial 10:6748 matching systems, independence, Cliff-Ord Mortgage risk assessment, 10:6994 test of; Spatial processes 1:363 redundancy analysis, test of uniformity, 14:8861 Mosaic displays, 11:7033 Morbid days, 8:4993 8:4995–5000 use in bootstrapping, 1:624 Morbidity, 8:4993–4994 Moses test. See Hollander Monte Carlo studies, More accurate confidence extreme test empirical response region, 2:1250 Moses’ test for extreme surfaces in, More selective confidence observations in two 8:4984–4986 region, 2:1250 populations, 3:2185 Monte Carlo swindle, 8:4987 Morgan (Pitman-Morgan) Moses’ test for ordered Montgomery, D. C. (1976). test, 9:6146–6147 alternatives, Design and Analysis of Morgenstern-Farlie system. 15:9158–9159, 9161 Experiments See Farlie-Gumbel- Mosiac plots, 14:8721 key experimental design Morgenstern Mosler-Seidel test, in text, 3:1665 distributions exponential mixture summary of subject Moriguti-Bulmer variance models, 3:2173–2174 coverage, 3:1671 component confidence MOSS, 8:5000 Monthly Bulletin of Statistics interval procedure, Most approximative method. (UN), 14:8876 14:8965 See Regression lines: Monthly Retail Trade Morosita’s index most approximative Survey, 14:8913 and proportional similarity method Monthly Wholesale Trade index, 8:5043 Most approximative method, Report, 14:8914 Mortality, 14:9003. See also regression lines, 11:7079 Monthly Wholesale Trade Actuarial science; Survey, 14:8913 Clinical trials; Most balanced design, Montmort, Pierre Remond´ Competing risks; 14:8816–8817 De, 8:4987–4989 Demography; Force of Most powerful test. See Montreal water filtration mortality; Life tables; Hypothesis testing trial, 2:1009 Rates; Survival analysis; Most powerful tests Mood median test. See Vital statistics and Bayes p-values, 1:391 Brown-Mood median and actuarial health Most probable number, test studies, 1:27–32 8:5001–5002 Mood scale test. See and actuarial science, Most recent common Dispersion test, Mood’s 1:33–36 ancestor, 3:2122 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9339

Most stringent lower m-th order spacings, Multinomial distributions, bounding function, 12:7865–7866 1:514, 8:5035–5039 4:2509 MTTF. See Mean time to Poisson representation of, Most stringent test, failure (MTTF) 9:6216–6217 8:5002–5003 MTW procedure, 10:6903, Potthoff-Whittinghill tests Most stringent upper 6905 of homogeneity, 5:3217 bounding function, Mudholkar test, 14:8765 tests for trend in count 4:2509 Muirhead’s inequality for data, 14:8740 Most unbalanced design, means, 7:4680 Multinomial logit. See 14:8816–8817 Multiattribute utility theory, Multinomial probit and Mosum-sq statistics, 8:5009, 8:5082 logit 10:6681 Multicollinearity, Multinomial logit model, Mosum statistics, 8:5009, 8:5014–5017 8:5043–5046 10:6681 and ration correlation, Multinomial parameters, Mother wavelet, 10:6968 inference on, 1:514–516 15:9042–9043 and regularized Multinomial-Poisson Motion analysis, regression, 2:1342 transformation, 2:1169–1171 Multidimensional central 8:5041–5042 Mouse-to-elephant line, limit theorems, Multinomial populations, 8:5018–5020 Goodman’s Y2. See 1:115 2 Mover-Stayer model, Multidimensional Goodman’s Y contingency tables, Multinomial populations, 8:5003–5004 8:5020–5023 index of proportional Mover-stayer model, 1:362 Multidimensional similarity, 8:5042–5043 Moving-average charts, contingency tables, Multinomial probit and logit, 2:1351 collapsibility of, 8:5043–5046 Moving-average formulas 8:5024–5025 Multinomial probit model, construction, 8:5005–5008 Multidimensional curve 8:5043–5046 Moving average model of fitting, 2:1504–1505 Multinomial sampling. See order q, 1:318–319 Multidimensional scaling, Naturalistic sampling and Box-Jenkins models, 8:5026–5034 Multinomial trials 1:649 for marketing studies, runs, sequences, and Moving averages, 7:4504–4505 patterns in, 8:5004–5008 and multivariate directed 2:1054–1055 Moving-average unit-root, graphs, 8:5200 Multinormal distribution. 14:8877 and proximity data, See Multivariate normal Moving block bootstrap, 10:6584 distribution 1:626 Multifractal formalism, Multinormal distribution, Moving blocks, 1:603 rainfall, 10:6797 Siegel’s formula for, Moving-observer sampling Multilayer perceptron 8:5047 method, 8:5008 classification applications, Multinormality, Mardia’s Moving sums (mosum), 2:978 test of, 8:5047–5051 8:5008–5011 Multilevel models Multiobjective programming, and quality control, psychological testing 8:5082 10:6681 applications, Multiparameter minimax Moving sums of recursive 10:6615–6616 estimation, 7:4798 residuals, 8:5009 Multilevel pyramid schemes, Multiphase sampling, M-quantiles, multivariate, 10:6650 8:5051–5053 8:5012–5014 Multilinear forms, 4:2457 Multiple association, 1:246 MRLF. See Mean residual Multinomial Bayesian Multiple-censored data, life function (MRLF) networks, 1:428 2:795 m-th order gaps, Multinomial coefficients, Multiple censoring 12:7865 8:5035 and life testing, 6:4161 9340 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Multiple comparisons, Multiple missing value Multiplicative strong 2:1110, 8:5055–5063, imputation, 3:1862 unimodality, 14:8869 5055–5073, 5065–5073, Multiple pathway models, of Multiplicative weight 5104–5107 carcinogenesis, function, 1:593 Ryan’s procedure, 2:706–707 Multiplicity problem, 5:3301 8:5053–5054 Multiple Probability Multiplier, for Wald’s contributions, Proportional to Size pseudo-random number 15:9024 (agricultural surveys), generator, 10:6593 Multiple comparisons 1:77 Multiply-connected graphs procedure, Ryan’s, Multiple-pulse detection, Markvov networks, 7:4537 8:5053–5054 2:1105–1106 Multipoint genetic linkage Multiple contrast tests. See Multiple range and analysis, 7:4284 Comparisons with a associated test Multipurpose forecasts, control procedures, 10:6446–6447 Multiple-contrast tests 8:5104–5107 MULTIQUAL comparisons with a Multiple range test, categorical data, 2:767 control, 2:1115–1116 Duncan’s, 8:5108–5109 Multiregional population Multiple correlation, Multiple Ranking Procedures models, 9:6284–6285 Huberty’s test for, management science Multiresolution analysis 8:5079–5081 applications, 7:4470 wavelets, 15:9046–9048 Multiple correlation Multiple recapture Multiresponse permutation coefficient, 2:1386, for closed population, procedures, 8:5075–5078 2:745–746, 750 8:5125–5127 Multiple criteria decision for open population, Multisample U-statistics, making (MCDM), 2:746–748, 751–752 14:8917 8:5081–5083 Multiple-record systems, Multisample Watson’s U2, Multiple decision procedures, 8:5109–5110 15:9041 8:5083–5084 Multiple regression analysis MULTISCALE-2 program, Multiple decrement tables, and component analysis, 8:5029, 5030, 5031, 8:5084–5087 2:1139–1140 5032, 5033 Multiple discriminant elections in UK characteristics, 8:5034 analysis application, 3:1888 Multiscaling, 10:6798, 6811 finance applications, Multiple sampling, 8:5110 Multiserver queues, 4:2312–2313 Multiple scaling. See Facet 8:5128–5131 Multiple frame sampling theory Multispectral scanner (MSS), (agricultural surveys), Multiple scan statistics, LANDSAT, 10:6572 1:76–77 11:7468–7469 feature extraction using Multiple hypotheses, Simes’ Multiple testing in clinical crop spectral profile test of, 8:5087–5090 trials, 8:5111–5116 models, 10:6576–6577 Multiple imputation Multiple testing problem, Multistage designs computer-intensive 8:5117 Yates-Durbin for sampling method, 2:1149 Multiple tests, unbiasedness error estimation, Multiple indicator approach, in, 8:5117–5119 15:9210–9211 8:5091–5095 Multiple time series, Multistage sampling. See Multiple linear regression, 8:5120–5124 Stratified multistage 8:5096–5099 Multiplication principle, sampling of accelerated failure time, 8:5125 primary sampling unit, 1:14 Multiplicative congruential 10:6398 elimination of variables, generator, 10:6593 Multistage simultaneous 3:1906–1907 Multiplicative testing, 12:7750–7751 Multiple matrix sampling, heteroscedasticity, Multistage tests. See 8:5100–5103 5:3123 Sequential analysis-I CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9341

Multistate coherent systems, for marketing studies, data, marginal 8:5133–5136 7:4507 likelihood models for Multistate models profile analysis, 10:6532 Multivariate density event history analysis, psychological testing estimation, 3:1618 3:2110–2111 applications, 10:6616 Multivariate directed Multistratified sampling, several-population means, graphs, 8:5197–5200 8:5136–5139 8:5146–5147 Multivariate discrete Multitrait-multimethod Multivariate analysis with distributions. See matrices, 8:5140–5142 latent variables Discrete multivariate Multivariate adaptive for marketing studies, distributions regression splines 7:4501 classification applications, Multivariate ARIMA models, Multivariate distributions, 2:977 1:315 8:5200–5210 Multivariate additive Multivariate ARMA models, inequalities on, regression splines 1:320–321 5:3451–3458 and CART, 2:1154 Multivariate automatic Multivariate dynamic Multivariate allometry, interaction detection Bayesian models, 1:118–119 (MAID) technique, 1:303 1:406–407 Multivariate analysis, Multivariate averaged Multivariate Edgeworth 8:5142–5156 shifted histogram, expansions, 2:1372 anthropological, 1:179 1:324–325 asymptotic expansion, compositional Multivariate Bartlett test, 1:260 investigation in 8:5170–5172 Multivariate educational archaeology, 1:221, 222 Multivariate Bayesian statistics, 3:1871–1872 transformations, inference, 8:5157–5160 Multivariate exponential 14:8706–8708 Multivariate Behrens-Fisher distribution, Wilk’s lambda for, 15:9169, problem, 8:5172–5176 8:5211–5214 9171 Multivariate Bernoulli and zonal polynomials, distributions, 1:466 Multivariate exponential 15:9225 Multivariate binary data, distributions, Multivariate analysis 1:489–495. See Binary Marshall-Olkin, Bayesian, 8:5157–5160 data, multivariate 8:5216–5218 Multivariate analysis of Multivariate B-splines, Multivariate extensions of covariance, 8:5168 12:7944 series expansions, Multivariate analysis of Multivariate calibration, 10:6659 covariance (MANCOVA) 2:699, 8:5177–5187 Multivariate extreme value marketing studies, 7:4500 in chemometrics, theory, 8:5219–5223 for marketing studies, 2:875–878 Multivariate Farlie-Gumbel- 7:4507 Multivariate capability Morgenstern (FGM) Multivariate analysis of indices, 2:742 distributions, variance (MANOVA), Multivariate Chernoff 4:2244–2245 8:5161–5169 theorem, 8:5189–5191 Multivariate Fisher’s and Behrens-Fisher Multivariate control charts, k-statistics, problem, 1:447–452 2:1351 4:2369–2370 biplots, 1:567–569 Multivariate counting Multivariate fitness cluster analysis, 2:1001 processes, 8:5191–5192 education applications, Multivariate Cox regression functions, 8:5225–5226 3:1870, 1872 model, 8:5191–5193 Multivariate forward latent root distributions, Multivariate Cramer-von´ calibration methods, 6:3992, 3996–3997 Mises statistics, 8:5183–5184 Mantel and Valand’s 8:5191–5197 Multivariate functions, Pi(π) nonparametric, 7:4482 Multivariate Dale model. See method for estimation, marketing studies, 7:4500 Multivariate ordinal 8:5227–5228 9342 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Multivariate gamma Multivariate logistic Multivariate new better than distribution, 7:4295 distributions, used (MNBU) property, Multivariate gamma 7:4374–4375 1:66, 67 distributions, Multivariate logistic-normal Multivariate normal 8:5228–5235 distribution, 1:101 approximation Multivariate gamma Multivariate majorization, p∗-formula and TED function, 15:9228 7:4453–4454 compared, 9:6095, 6099 Multivariate generalized Multivariate Multivariate normal hypergeometric Mantel-Haenszel distribution, 8:5142, distributions, 4:2707 statistic, 7:4486 5144–5145 Multivariate general linear Multivariate matching equivariant estimators, hypothesis, methods, 8:5255–5257 3:2047–2048 8:5161–5162, 5169 Multivariate mean, 7:4657 Multivariate normal multiple comparisons in, Multivariate median, 7:4657, distributions, 8:5168 8:5258–5264 8:5275–5282 Multivariate geographic Multivariate median and mixing distributions, data, 4:2774–2775 rank sum tests, 7:4886 Multivariate geostatistics, 8:5266–5268 Multivariate normality, 4:2830 Multivariate M-estimators, testing for, 8:5283–5287 Multivariate graphics, 7:4738–4739 Multivariate normal-Wishart 8:5237–5248 Multivariate methods of distribution, 8:5288 analysis Multivariate hyperbolic Multivariate order statistics, use in agricultural science, distributions, 8:5288–5291 1:83 5:3281–3282 Multivariate ordinal data, Multivariate mode, 7:4657 Multivariate hypergeometric marginal likelihood Multivariate modified distributions, models for, 8:5292–5301 logarithmic distribution, 5:3287–3288 Multivariate outliers, tests 8:5036 Multivariate hypergeometric for, 8:5302–5306 Multivariate modified Polya´ probability function, Multivariate permutation distribution, 9:6237 5:3288 tests, 9:6078–6086 Multivariate M-quantiles, Multivariate increasing Multivariate phase type 8:5012–5014 failure-rate average Multivariate multinomial distributions, (MIFRA) property, 1:66, distribution, 8:5038 9:6107–6108 67 Multivariate multinomial Multivariate phase-type Multivariate inverse Polya´ probit and logit models, distributions. See Phase distribution, 8:5045 type distributions 9:6236–6237 Multivariate multiple Multivariate Pitman Multivariate kurtosis, comparisons, closeness, 9:6133–6134 8:5048. See Multivariate 8:5268–5274 Multivariate Polya´ skewness and kurtosis Multivariate multiple distribution, Multivariate Lagrange regression, 8:5147–5149 9:6235–6238 expansions, 6:3941 Multivariate multisample Multivariate power series Multivariate linear median test, distributions, exponential family, 8:5266–5268 8:5307–5310 6:4211 Multivariate multisample Multivariate probability Multivariate local problem, 8:5163 integral regression, 7:4345 Multivariate multisample transformations, Multivariate location tests, rank sum test, 10:6477 8:5249–5252 8:5266–5268 Multivariate probit, Multivariate logarithmic Multivariate negative 8:5311–5312 series distribution, multinomial Multivariate quality control, 8:5253–5254 distribution, 8:5039 8:5312–5323 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9343

Multivariate quantiles, Multivariate uniformity, NAARCH models, 1:211 norm-minimizing, Liang-Fang-Hickernell- Naga test. See Two-sample 8:5324 Li test of, 8:5366 test, Budne’s Multivariate quasi-Polya´ Multivariate unimodality, Naive estimator, 3:1605 distribution, 8:5366–5368 Naive rejection algorithm, 9:6237–6238 Multivariate 2:1301 Multivariate rank order unit-gamma-type Namboodiri, N. K., Carter, L. statistics, 10:6927–6929 distribution, 7:4295 F., and Bialock, H. M., Multivariate ratio Multivariate Weibull Jr. (1975). Applied estimators, 8:5325 distributions, 8:5369 Multivariate Analysis Multivariate regression, Multiway contingency tables. and Experimental 8:5326–5329 See Multidimensional Designs and Bartlett adjustment, contingency tables key experimental design 1:368 Multiway tables text, 3:1669 Multivariate regression categorical data, summary of subject analysis, 8:5167–5168 2:766–767 coverage, 3:1672 Multivariate reverse mosaic displays, Napolean theorem, 1:616 calibration methods, 8:4998–5000 Narrowband process, 8:5382 8:5183 Municipal services Nash axioms, 8:5383–5385 Multivariate Sichel discrimination, Nash equilibrium, distributions, 9:6196 6:4090 8:5385–5388, 10:6436, 6437 Multivariate signed-rank Murphy-McMillan-David Nason’s t-index for projection tests, 8:5330 test for outliers, 9:5894 pursuit, 10:6564 Multivariate skewness, Murthy estimator, 8:5370 Nat, 8:5389 8:5048 Music, probability, and National Accident Sampling Multivariate skewness and statistics, 8:5376–5378 System, 14:8996 kurtosis, 8:5330–5334 Musicology, 8:5370–5375 National Algorithm Group, Multivariate spline Mutation processes, 1:109 suitable for uniform 8:5379–5381 National Ambulatory design, 14:8847 Mutatis mutandis, 1:461 Medical Care Survey, Mutual information, 1:105, Multivariate splines, 14:8910 12:7944 6:3740 National and international Multivariate stable Mutually exclusive events, statistics offices, distributions, 1:328, 8:5381 governmental, 8:5389 8:5335–5337 Mutually independent set of National Bureau of Economic Multivariate studentized events, 9:5909 Research range, 13:8370–8371. MVELMS algorithm, American Statistical See Studentized range, 7:4839 Association represented multivariate Myers, J. L. (1966). in, 1:123 Multivariate symmetry and Fundamentals of leading indicators, 6:4100 asymmetry, Experimental Design National Bureau of 8:5338–5343 key experimental design Standards, 6:3771, Multivariate Taylor text, 3:1669 8:5389 expansion, 13:8550 summary of subject National Center for Health Multivariate t-distribution, coverage, 3:1672 Statistics, 5:3101–3105 8:5345–5352 Myers, R. H. (1971). National Center for Toxologic Multivariate time series Response Surface Research, 4:2260 analysis, 8:5353–5364 Methodology National Council of Teachers Multivariate tolerance key experimental design of Mathematics distributions, 10:6500 text, 3:1669 American Statistical Multivariate total positivity, summary of subject Association joint 14:8670–8671 coverage, 3:1672 committee with, 1:123 9344 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

National Crime Natrix beta distribution. See Nearest-point-nearest- Victimization Survey, Matrix-variate beta neighbor sampling, 14:8910 distribution 8:5407 National Epidemiologic Natrix derivatives, Near hits Survey on Alcohol and 7:4602–4605 in birthday problems, Related Conditions, Natural and Political 2:1062 14:8910 Observations (Graunt), in psychic tests of random National Health Interview 2:756, 14:9001 deck size, 2:1067 Survey, 14:8910 Natural conditional Nearly balanced changeover National Home and Hospice independence, 2:1195 designs, 2:830–831 Care Survey, 14:8910 Natural-conjugate Nearly balanced designs, distributions, 2:1274 National Hospital 8:5407–5410 Natural conjugate family of Ambulatory Medical Nearly balanced incomplete prior distributions, Care Survey, 14:8910 block designs. See 8:5160 National Hospital Discharge Regular graph designs Natural conjugate prior Survey, 14:8910 Nearly collinear, 8:5014 National Institute of distributions in multivariate Bayesian Nearly-quadratic trend-free Standards and block design, 14:8736 Technology, 6:3771, analysis, 8:5160 Natural conjugate priors. See Nearly trend-free block 8:5389–5392 designs, 14:8733, 8734 National Institutes of Conjugate families of distributions Nearly uniform design, Health, 7:4725 Natural exponential 14:8844 National Longitudinal families, 8:5394–5395 Near-neighbor estimation, Survey of Women, Natural Inheritance 8:5410–5412 14:8910 (Galton), 15:9130 Necessary best estimator, National Nursing Home Naturalistic sampling, 9:6297 Survey, 14:8910 8:5395–5396 Necessary statistic, National Oceanic and Natural parameter, 2:1276. 7:4832–4833 Atmospheric See Conjugate families Negative association, 2:765 Administration (NOAA) of distributions epidemiological studies, history of agricultural Natural transform, 7:4748 surveys, 1:80 3:2030 Nature of Capital and Negative binomial National Opinion Research Income (Fisher, I.), Center, 10:6624 and Banach’s match-box 4:2342 problem, 1:358 National Physical Naval Research Logistics, Laboratory Negative binomial, 8:5396 distributions related to algorithms in, 1:110 NDA the. See Classical National Prisoner Statistics data imputation discrete distributions, Program, 14:8910 application, 3:1867 generalizations of National Statistics, n-Dimensional Brownian Negative binomial Committee on, motion, 1:673 8:5392–5393 n-dimensional quadrature, distribution, National statistics offices. 8:5396–5399 8:5413–5418 See National and Nearest-neighbor density estimation by method of international statistics estimation, 8:5399–5403 moments, 3:2092, 2095 offices, governmental Nearest-neighbor Ising for marketing studies, National Survey of College model 7:4509–4510 Graduates, 14:8910 lattice systems, 6:4041 and Meixner polynomials, National Technical Nearest-neighbor methods, 7:4728 Information Service 8:5405–5406 special case of generalized source of unpublished in archaeology, 1:218 Charlier series algorithms, 1:111 banking application, 1:364 distribution, 2:863 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9345

Negative diagnosis Nested case-control New better than used (NBU) medical diagnosis studies, sampling, 8:5428–5432 property, 1:60, 61–62, 7:4716 Nested row-column designs, 64–65 Negative entropy, 7:4625 8:5433 Newcomb, Simon, Negative exponential Nested situations 8:5457–5458 distribution. See emphasis of key New drug applications Exponential distribution experimental design (NDAs), 4:2262, 2263 Negative hypergeometric texts on, 3:1671t Newman-Keuls multiple distribution. See Nesting and crossing in range test, 8:5105 Generalized design, 8:5433–5436 Newman-Keuls hypergeometric Netherlands simultaneous test distributions; agricultural statistics procedure, Hypergeometric applications, 1:83 12:7754–7755 distributions Net reproduction rate, New Residential Negatively quadrant 9:6282 Construction Report, dependent distributions, Net reproduction rate, 14:8914 5:3187 fertility, 4:2288 New Residential Sales Negative moments, 8:5421 Netted radar, 2:1108 Report, 14:8914 Negative multinomial Netwon-Raphson methods Newsboy inventory problem, distribution, 8:5037, and quasi-independence, 8:5459–5464 5038–5039. See 10:6750 News Election Service, Multinomial distribution Network analysis, 3:1891 Negative partial association, 8:5437–5441 New Survey of London Life 14:8839 and traveling salesman and Labour, The Neglecting assumptions, problem, 14:8717 (Bowley), 1:635 4:2237–2238 Network reliability Newton, Sir Isaac, Neglecting variation, 4:2238 and fault tree analysis, 8:5472–5475 Neighbor designs, 8:5421 4:2253 astronomy contributions, Neighborhood principle, in Networks of queues, 1:252 x-ray crystallography, 8:5442–5448 and reflection principle, 15:9200 Neural networks, 11:7041 Neighborhoods of structure 8:5450–5456 theory of light, 10:6727 invariants, in x-ray data editing applications, Newtonian mechanics, 1:252 crystallography, 15:9201 3:1862 and quantum mechanics, Nei’s diversity measures, suitable for uniform 10:6727 8:5421 design, 14:8847 Newton identity Nekrasov, Pavel Alekseevich, Neutral disembodied and symmetric statistics, 8:5421–5423 technological change, 13:8497 Nelder-Mead simplex 10:6527 Newton iteration extensions, method, 8:5424–5426 New-better-than-used class, 8:5465–5469 Nelson-Aalen estimator, 5:3202–3203 Newton-Kantorovich 14:8776. See Survival New better than used in theorem. See analysis convex ordering (NBUC) Newton-Raphson as counting process, 2:1408 property, 1:62 methods and product integration, New better than used in Newton-Raphson methods, 10:6523, 6524 expectation (NBUE) 8:5469–5471 Nel-van der Maerwe test property, 1:62–63, 64 Newton’s interpolation and Behrens-Fisher New better than used (NBU) formula, 1:338, 8:5472 problem, 1:451 distribution, 5:3202 Newton’s laws of motion, Nemchinov, Vasilii New better than used (NBU) 10:6727 Sergeevich, processes Newton-Spurrell method, 8:5426–5427 wear, 15:9070, 9071 8:5475–5477 9346 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

New worse than used (NWU) Neyman’s test for uniformity, Nonadditive probability, distribution, 5:3202 8:5498–5500, 14:8861, 8:5537–5541 New worse than used (NWU) 8864 Noncentral beta distribution, property, 1:60, 66–67 Neyman structure, 8:5541–5542 New York Stock Exchange, 8:5501–5503 Noncentral chi-square 4:2314 Neyman’s type A, B, and C distribution, New Zealand distributions, 8:5542–5545 heart disease 8:5504–5510 approximations to epidemiological Neyman-Wald assessment. distributions, 1:193 statistics, 3:2025 See Conditional zero degrees of freedom, HIV spread in, 1:87 inference 15:9219, 9220 New Zealand Organization Nicked distributions, Noncentral F distribution, for Quality Assurance 15:9189 8:5546–5549 American Society for Nicked-square distribution, Noncentral form, 10:6657 Quality works with, 8:5511–5513 Noncentral hypergeometric 1:122 Nightingale, Florence, distribution, 5:3288 New Zealand Statistical 8:5513–5516 Noncentral matric-t variate, Association, Nikodym derivative. See 7:4600–4601 8:5477–5478 Radon-Nikodym Noncentral matrix New Zealand Statistician, theorem F-distribution. See The, 1:301 Nile, Fisher’s problem of, Matrix-valued distributions Next seat passenger on 4:2370–2371. See Noncentral studentized airplane, coincidence Fisher’s problem of the maximal distributions, example, 2:1054 Nile 8:5550–5551 Neyman, Jerzy, Nile River, 10:6808 Noncentral t-distribution, 8:5479–5485 NIM (Nearest Neighbor 8:5552–5554 contributions to fiducial Imputation Noncentral Wishart distributions, 4:2293 Methodology), distribution, 15:9185. Neyman accuracy, 1:26. See 3:1866–18667 See Wishart distribution Accuracy and precision Nodifferentiablle Nonconformity, 8:5555 programming, 7:4594 Neyman allocation, Nonconglomerability of 8:5478–5479 Noether and related probability, 8:5555 Neyman modified Pearson conditions, 8:5516–5519 Non-dissipative Markov chi-square test, 1:515 Noise, 8:5519–5522 chains, 11:7563–7564 Neyman-Pearson lemma, and control charts, 2:1346 Nondominance 8:5487–5492 Noise-alone trials, 10:6622 and multiple criteria and less favorable Nominal data, 8:5522–5527 decision making, 8:5082 distributions, 6:4108 Nominal scale agreement, Nonexperimental design, Neyman-Pearson theory. See 8:5527–5529 2:789 Hypothesis testing Nominal variables Nonexperimental inference, and admissibility, 1:52, 53 measures of association, 8:5556–5558 and simultaneous testing, 1:245–249 Nonformation, 8:5558 12:7748–7749 Nomination sampling, Non-Gaussian processes Neyman-Pearson-Wald 8:5530–5531 absolute continuity of approach. See and ranked set sampling, probability measures, Admissibility 10:6905 1:8 and admissibility, 1:52 Nomograms, 8:5531–5537 Nonhierarchical clustering, Neyman’s and other smooth Non-Abelian gauge models, 8:5558–5559 goodness-of-fit tests, in quantum physics, Nonhomogeneous Markov 8:5493–5494 10:6742 processes, 7:4554 Neyman’s smooth test of fit, Nonadditive degrees of Nonhomogeneous Poisson 8:5494–5497 belief, 1:464 processes, 9:6201 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9347

Nonhomogeneous probability Nonobservable errors, 8:5592 Nonparametric methods. See generating function, Nonorthogonal curve fitting, Distribution-free 1:581 2:1496–1498 methods Nonhomogeneous Poisson Nonorthogonal wavelet adaptive methods, 1:39–40 process, 14:8745 bases, 15:9049–9053 Nonparametric quantile Noninformative prior Nonoverlapping blocks, 1:603 estimation distribution, 10:6425 Nonoverlapping sets Kaplan-Meier estimator Noninteractive cells coverage processes, application, triangular contingency 2:1418 6:3805–3806 tables, 14:8757 Nonparametric bootstrap-t Nonparametric regression, Nonlinear augmented distribution, 2:1150 8:5604–5616 autoregressive Nonparametric clustering bandwidth selection, 1:358 conditionally techniques, computer-intensive heteroscedastic 8:5592–5593 method, 2:1149 (NAARCH) models, Nonparametric confidence maximum penalized 1:211 intervals, 8:5594–5597 likelihood estimation, Nonlinear calibration, typical values, 7:4641–4642 2:699–700 14:8804–8806 wavelets, 15:9055–9056 Nonlinear estimation, Mak’s Nonparametric curve Nonparametric regression algorithm for, estimation estimation 8:5559–5560 bandwidth selection, 1:358 and window width, Nonlinear geostatistics, Nonparametric curve 15:9182 4:2831–2832 estimators Nonparametric Statistics Nonlinearity and window width, section, American Shewhart charts, 2:1348 15:9180 Statistical Association, Nonlinear models, Nonparametric 1:122 8:5561–5564 discrimination, Nonparametric tests, Bayesian experimental 8:5598–5601 paradoxes in, design, 1:398 Nonparametric estimation of 8:5624–5628 Nonlinear programming, drift function of Nonparametric tests of 8:5569–5573 diffusion, 3:2100 equality of two Nonlinear regression, 8:5574–5579 Nonparametric estimation of regression curves, Nonlinear renewal theory, standard errors, 8:5619–5623 8:5580–5581 8:5601–5604 Nonparametric tolerance Nonlinear time series, Nonparametric estimation limits, 8:5629–5630 8:5581–5587 under truncation, Nonparametric Non-Markovian multiserver 14:8775–8776 transformations, queues, 8:5130 Nonparametric hypothesis 14:8708 Non-Markovian processes testing Nonprecise data, aging first-passage times, counting process, 2:1410 8:5631–5635 1:64–65 Nonparametric interaction, Nonpreemeptive priority Nonmetric classical 5:3586–3588 discipline, 10:6427 multidimensional Nonparametric kernel Nonrandom fractals, 4:2473 scaling, 8:5027, 5029 regression Nonrandomized decision Nonmetric data analysis, density estimation, 3:1619, rule, 1:51 8:5588–5591 1621 Nonrandomized partner Nonnormality Nonparametric maximum design and capability, 2:741–742 likelihood, 3:1957–1958 for vaccine studies, Nonnormal kernels, 1:200 Nonparametric maximum 14:8938 Nonnormal nonlinear likelihood estimation Nonrandom occurrences, dynamic Bayesian mixing distributions, 10:6950 models, 1:406 7:4893 Nonrejection region, 1:23 9348 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Nonrenewable natural characterization, Normal means selection resource exploration 2:858–859 problem weighted distribution estimation of mixtures, least favorable application, 15:9111 7:4913–4914 configuration, 6:4105 Nonrepairable systems, Normal distribution, Normal numbers, 11:7155 bivariate. See Bivariate 8:5673 Nonrespondents normal distribution Normal probability plot, Hansen-Hurwitz method Normal distributions, 10:6484 for subsampling, modified. See Modified Normal scores tests, 13:8403–8405 normal distributions 8:5668–5672 Nonresponse in sample Normal equations, rank statistic, 10:6923 surveys, 8:5636–5638 8:5663–5664 Normal score trend tests, Nonrisky outcomes, risk Normal equivalent deviate, 14:8749 measurement, 11:7292 8:5664 Normal sequences Nonsampling errors in Normal extremes, (numbers), 8:5673 surveys, 8:5639–5642 8:5664–5665 Normal-Student bivariate Nonseasonal ARIMA models, Normal extremes, Daniels’ distribution, 1:311–312 formula for, 8:5665 8:5673–5674 Nonselective inference, Normal-gamma (prior) Normal variables, ratio of 11:7535–7536 density, 8:5666 bivariate, 8:5674 Nonsense correlation, 8:5643 Normal group rank test, Normal variances problem Nonsingular matrix, 8:5643 10:6937 ranking procedures, Nonsingular Wishart Normality 10:6917–6918 distribution, 15:9185 asymptotic, 1:268–274 Normal varimax criterion, Nonspecific variables, asymptotic, of 8:5153 14:8955 experiments, 1:276–284 Normative view of Nonstandard mixture, comparisons with a probability, 1:240–241 7:4890 control, 2:1114 Normit. See Normal Nonstandard multivariate Normality, entropy-based equivalent deviate tests, 8:5643–5645 test of, 8:5666–5667 Northern Ireland Nonstationary record Normality, Salvan test for, transferable vote system models, 10:7003 Nonstationary geostatistics, 8:5667–5668 used in, 3:1893 4:2830–2831 Normality, tests of. See Northern Ireland 1975 Nonstationary time series, Departures from election prediction, 13:8625–8636. See Time normality, tests for 3:1894 series, nonstationary Normalization constant, Notched box-and-whisker Nonsymmetric conditional 8:5668 plot, 8:5674–5677 independence, 2:1195 Normalized ordering, Notched distributions, Non-uniform influence, 12:7864 15:9189 word-of-mouth, 7:4503 Normalized spacings, Not in the labor force Nonuniformity, 14:8865 12:7864 Current Population Non-union workers Normalized structure Survey, 2:1483 Employment Cost Index factors, in x-ray Nowhere bounded variation, data, 3:1983 crystallography, 11:7552 Normal approximations to 15:9200 NP-Chart, 2:1350, 10:6680 some discrete Normalized T scores, 8:5668 NP-complete problems, distributions, Normal linear dynamic 14:8718 8:5646–5651 Bayesian models, NPLS regression, 8:5185 Normal convergence, 6:4185 1:402–403 n-point method, Normal distribution, Normal means problem 8:5677–5678 8:5652–5662, 10:6493 ranking procedures, nth-order Fibonacci arithmetic mean, 1:231 10:6916–6917 distribution, 4:2291 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9349 nth Order reciprocal Nurses Observed score, 10:6610 differences, 10:6989 death-rate correlation Observed skewness tensor, Nuclear material safeguards, coefficients for certain 3:1690 8:5678–5680 factors, 3:2027 Observed variables, 14:8954 Nucleolus of game. See Game N-way calibration methods, Occam’s razor, 9:5942 theory 8:5185–5186 Bayesfactoractsas Nugget effect, 14:8993 Nyquist frequency, automatic, 1:380–381 Nuisance parameters, 8:5705–5706 and inductive inference, 5:3299–3301, 2:1131 8:5680–5682 Oakes’s test of convergence, Occam’s Window algorithm, ancillary statistics with, 9:5707–5708 1:423 1:149–152 Obesity Occupancy distributions, ancillary statistics epidemiological statistics 9:5713–5717 without, 1:146–147 of dietary consumption, Occupancy problem, 6:4188 combination of data about, 3:2016 Occupancy problems, 2:1079–1080 epidemiological studies, 9:5718–5721 and confidence intervals, 3:2031 Occupational hazards 2:1249 Objective analysis, 1:292 actuarial health studies, estimating equations, Objective function. See 1:28, 29, 30, 31–32 3:2070–2071 Linear programming Occupational Study 1926, estimating functions, mathematical 1:30 Occupational Study 1937, 3:2075 programming, 7:4593–4594 1:31 Nuisane parameters Objective probability, Occupational Study 1951, conditional independence, 10:6456 1:31 2:1193 Objectives Occupational Study 1967, Null distributions criteria for decision 1:31 latent root distributions, making, 8:5082 Occurrence 6:3993–3994 Obrechkoff’s distribution, probability assessment, Null hypothesis, 9:5708 1:240 8:5683–5684 Observer, role in quantum Occurrence rate, 9:5722 Null-recurrent state, 7:4548 mechanics, 10:6734 OC curves, 10:6682 Number at risk, 14:8776 Observables, and competing Oceanography Number of customer served risks, 2:1123–1124 cycles, 2:1509 in a busy period Observational error. See Octiles, 9:5722, 6054 (distribution), Measurement error; Odds ratio estimators, 8:4935–4936 Nonsampling errors in 9:5722–5725 Number of runs test. See surveys Odds-ratios Randomness, tests of Observational studies, medical diagnosis, 7:4715 Number-right score, 10:6610 9:5708–5711 Odds ratios, Breslow-Day Number-theoretic methods, Observation-driven models test of equality for, 8:5684–5688 transition (Markov) 9:5725–5726 Numeracy, 8:5690–5694 models, 14:8714 OECD. See Organization for Numerical analysis, Observation error, 3:2059 Economic Cooperation 8:5695–5698 Observation points, 1:292 and Development wavelet application, Observations, imaginary, (OECD) 15:9042 9:5712 Office of Management and Numerical integration, Observed geometry, 3:1689 Budget, 6:3920 8:5699–5704 Observed information, 1:146 Office of population censuses Numerical taxonomy, 2:972 Observed information and surveys, Numerosity, scales of, 8:5705 matrix, 9:6095 9:5726–5730 Nuptuality Observed likelihood yoke, Office of Scientific Liason cohort analysis, 2:1052 3:1692, 12:8011, 15:9213 Staff, 4:2261 9350 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Offset normal distribution. One-tailed Moses test, Operations research See Directional 3:2185 applied probability distributions One-third sigma rule, studies, 1:188 Offspring distribution, 1:660 9:5741–5742 Operations Research, 1:186, Of the Laws of Chance One-way analysis of 9:5746 (Arbuthnot/Huygens), variance, 9:5742–5745 Operator theory 1:204 One-way ANOVA, unequal wavelet application, Ogawa, J. (1974). Statistical variances. See 15:9042 Theory of the Analysis of Behrens-Fisher Ophthalmology, Experimental Designs problems-II 9:5746–5750 key experimental design One-way classification Opinion polls. See Public text, 3:1669 unbalanced design opinion polls summary of subject measures, 14:8813–8814 Opinion pools, 9:5750–5751 coverage, 3:1671 One-way layout Optical illusions in graphs, Ogive, 9:5731 Lehmann contrast 9:5751 Oil spill risk management, estimators, 6:4125–4126 Optimal control, 7:4592, 11:7287 One-wild distribution, 9:5754–5763 Olmstead-Tukey test for 9:5745 Optimal C(α)tests, association, Onsager solution, 6:4042 9:5751–5753 9:5731–5732 Onse-sample problem Optimal decision, 3:1559 OLS. See Ordinary least location tests, Optimal design of squares regression experiments, 7:4353–4354 Omega distribution, 9:5763–5769 ‘‘On the Correlation of Total 9:5732–5733 uniform designs, Pauperism with Omega square test. See 14:8841–8849 Proportion of Outrelief’’ Cramer-Von Mises Optimal estimators (Yule), 15:9216 statistic and configural sampling, ‘‘On the problem of the true Omnibus tests. See 2:1261–1262 index of the cost of Portmanteau tests Optimal experimental design living’’ (Konus),¨ 6:4191 Omnitab, 7:4842 Wald’s contributions, O , o notation, 9:5750 One- and two-armed bandit p p 15:9019, 9024 ‘‘Open end’’ class, 9:5746 problems, 9:5734–5737 Optimal interpolation, One-at-a-time Open population 14:8994 experimentation, 4:2223 change-in-ratio estimator, Optimal in the intermediate One-dimensional hyperbolic 2:826–827 sense estimator, 3:1880 distributions, multiple recapture Optimality 5:3278–3281 method, 2:746–748, distributional inference, One-sample robust 751–752 3:1789 estimation, Operating characteristic A-Optimality 11:7299–7300 and Wald’s identity, and trend-free block One-sample tests 15:9027 designs, 14:8733 trimmed and Winsorized Operating characteristic D-Optimality. See also means tests, 14:8763 curve Optimal designs One-sided test. See in acceptance sampling, and trend-free block Hypothesis testing 1:24 designs, 14:8733 One-sided versus two-sided Operating ratio Whittle equivalence tests, 9:5738–5741 in acceptance sampling, theorem, 3:1821–1822 One-stage ranking procedure 1:24 E-Optimality for normal means Operational characteristic and trend-free block problem, 10:6916–6917 curve. See Acceptance designs, 14:8733 One-stage ranking procedure sampling A-Optimality criterion, 1:396 for normal variances Operational Research D-Optimality criterion, problem, 10:6917–6918 Society, 6:3782 1:396, 398 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9351

ψ-Optimality criterion, Optrim, 9:5810 Ordering procedures, 1:397, 398 Opus Novum de 9:5820–5824 Optimality equations Proportionibus Order-k distributions. See Markov decision processes, (Cardano), 2:755 Classical discrete 7:4534 Oral contraceptives distributions, Optimal prediction heart disease generalizations of measures of association epidemiological Order of bias, 1:484 for, 1:247 statistics, 3:2025 Order-restricted inferences, Optimal sample size Oral reading tests 9:5827–5829 requirements, Rasch model, 10:6956 Order-restricted methods 9:5771–5773 Orange comparisons with a Optimal sample-size rule, general acceptance values control, 2:1115–1116 14:8948 in fruit blends, Order statistics, 7:4428, Optimal sampling in 7:4872–4875 9:5829–5836 selection problems, Orbit, 9:5811 and ballot problems, 1:356 9:5773–5777 Orcherkii po Teorii Statistiki generalized, 9:5838–5841 Optimal solution, 7:4593 (Chuprov), 2:945 logistic distribution, Optimal spacing problems, Ord-Carver system of 7:4372–4373 9:5777–5782 distributions. See and reflection principle, Optimal stochastic control, Pearson system of 11:7039, 7042 9:5783–5787 distributions weighted empirical Optimal stopping rules, Ordered alternatives processes for linear 9:5789–5791 Wilcoxon-type tests for combinations of, 15:9115 Optimal weights randomized blocks, Order statistics, tukey’s inequality for, 15:9156–9162 concomitants of. See 14:8785 Ordered alternatives, Multivariate order Optimization, 9:5796–5801 Jonckheere tests for, statistics Optimization in statistics, 9:5811–5813 Ordinal data, 9:5842–5847 9:5792–5796 Ordered alternatives, Page multivariate, marginal Optimization theory, 7:4592 test for, 9:5814–5816 likelihood models for, Optimum allocation. See Ordered contingency tables, 8:5292–5301 Optimum stratification 2:1302–1306 ‘‘Optimum allocation in Ordered indices Ordinal polytomous linear regression theory’’ compound matrices, 1:147 variables (ELFVING), 3:1897 Ordered means measures of association, Optimum channel networks, conical alternative tests, 1:249–251 in landform 2:1270 Ordinal variables, measure development, 10:6806 Ordered preferences of association for, Optimum design and utility theory, 9:5848–5849 Bayesian forecasting, 14:8925–8927 Ordinary least squares 1:401 Ordered probit and logit (OLS). See Least squares Optimum design, models, 8:5043–5044 Ordinary least squares Kiefer-Wolfowiz Ordered spacings, 12:7864 regression equivalence theorem for, Ordered uniforms, 14:8860 and collinearity, 2:1342 9:5802–5804 Ordering, star-shaped, Ordinary life tests, 6:4159 Optimum error rate. See 9:5825–5826 Ordinary moments, 4:2461 Discriminant analysis Ordering, stochastic. See Ordinary tolerance regions, Optimum stratification, Stochastic ordering 14:8644 9:5804–5808 Ordering distributions by Organization for Economic and unequal probability dispersion, 9:5816–5819 Cooperation and sampling, 14:8833 Ordering functions Development (OECD), Optional sampling, and tolerance regions, 9:5850–5851 9:5809–5810 14:8647 Ornithology, 9:5851–5856 9352 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, series; Orthogonal Outlier and slippage 3:1695, 9:5860–5862 expansions problems and quantum physics, approximations to selective inference, 10:6741 mathematical functions, 11:7537–7538 as weakly stationary 7:4590 Outlier detection, 3:1862 process, 15:9069 curve fitting, 2:1499 auditing application, 1:300 Orthant probabilities, Orthogonal processes, classification applications, 9:5863–5864 9:5881–5882 2:975 Orthogonal arrays, 1:349, Orthogonal projection, and component analysis, 350 10:6553 2:1139 Orthogonal arrays and Orthogonal series estimator Hristea algorithm for, applications, density estimation, 9:5885–5886 9:5865–5868 3:1620–2621 selection differentials, Orthogonal Chebyshev Orthogonal Sheffer 11:7527 polynomials, 9:5869 polynomials, stochastic edits for, 3:1864 Orthogonal decomposition, 12:7688–7689 types of, 9:5886–5887 9:5869–5870 Orthogonal squares. See Outlier-prone completely Orthogonal designs, Graeco-Latin squares; family of distributions, 9:5870–5872 Latin cubes; Latin 9:5889 use in ANOVA, 1:134 rectangles; Latin Outlier-prone distribution, Orthogonal designs, squares 9:5889–5890 Outlier-prone family of Goethals-Seidel arrays, Orthogonal system curve distributions, 9:5889 9:5872–5875 fitting, 2:1498–1500 Outlier rejection Orthogonal expansions, Orthogonal transformation, and robust estimation, 9:5875–5880 9:5882 11:7304 Orthogonal factor model, Orthonormal expansions. See Outlier rejection, 8:5152 Orthogonal expansions Chauvenet’s criterion, Orthogonal increment Orthonormal polynomials, 9:5887–5888 processes, 9:5881 9:6258 Outlier rejection, Peirce’s Orthogonalization method Orthonormal wavelet basis, criterion for, 9:5888 15:9045 contrast analysis, 2:1346 Outlier rejection, Orthogonalization of Oscillator process Thompson’s criterion for, matrices. See Linear and quantum physics, 9:5888–5889 algebra, computational 10:6741 Outlier rejection, Wright’s Orthogonalized regression Oscillatory process. See procedure for, 9:5889 and component analysis, Narrowband process Outlier-resistant family of 2:1140 Osculatory integration, distributions, 9:5889 Orthogonal Latin squares. 9:5882 Outliers, 9:5890–5893 See Graeco-Latin Osculatory interpolation, Andrews plots for squares 9:5882–5883 detecting, 1:156 Orthogonally invariant O-statistics, 9:5883–5884 and Bayesian robustness, distributions. See Ostrogorski paradox, 1:436–437 Isotropic distributions 9:5884–5885 in bisquare fitting, 1:580 Orthogonal matrix, Ostrowski-Reich theorem. Box-Jenkins model, 1:650 9:5881 See Gauss-Seidel transformations, 14:8701, Orthogonal parameters, iteration 8706 9:5929–5931 Outcomes, in epidemiological trimming and Orthogonal polynomials, studies, 3:2029–2030 Winsorization to reduce 9:6258–6259. See Outcome timing bias, 1:239 sensitivity to, 14:8766 Chebyshev-Hermite Outer fences, 4:2382 Outliers, polynomials; Jacobi Outer tolerance interval, David-Hartley-Pearson polynomials; Laguerre 14:8643–8644 test for, 9:5893 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9353

Outliers, p. See Binomial proportion; Pandiagonal square. See Murphy-McMillan-David Success probability Magic square designs test for, 9:5894 Paasche-Laspeyres index, Panel data, 9:5911–5916 Out-of-control points, 2:1347 9:5900–5901 Panel plots, in trellis Output index. See Index of Paasche price index, 9:5900 displays, 14:8722 industrial production; Paasche quantity index, Papadakis method, Productivity 9:5900 9:5917–5920 measurement Packed adjacency matrix. Papers Overall accuracy, 10:6673 See Cluster analysis, annotated bibliography, Overall coverage rate, 2:1259 graph-theoretic 3:1664 Overall hazard function, Pade´ and Stieltjes Papillomas, 2:713–714 7:4909 approximations, p∗ approximation, 1:265 Overall mean model, 9:5902–5904 Parabolic rule, 12:7743 14:8842–8843 Page’s test for ordered Paradox of information, Overall rates, 10:6962–6963 alternatives, Miller’s, 9:5920–5921 Overall-Woodward test for 15:9156–9157 Paradox of voting, homogeneity of Page test for ordered 14:9010–9012. See variances, 5:3215–3216 alternatives, Voting paradox Overconfidence 9:5814–5816 Parallel-coordinate density and elicitation, 3:1900 Paired availability design, plots, 9:5921, 5923–5928 Overdispersed population, 2:1135. See Compliance, Parallel-coordinate 1:57 all-or-none geometry, 9:5922 Overdispersed random Paired comparisons, Parallel-coordinate line variable, 14:8746 9:5904–5908 density, 9:5924 Overdispersion, triangle test, 14:8754 Parallel-coordinate plots and 9:5894–5896 Paired data density plots, pooling in presence of, Wilcoxon signed rank test 9:5921–5928 2:1076–1078 for location, 15:9150 Parallel-group design, 2:1446 Overdispersion parameter, Pairs, matched. See Matched Parallel-group trial, 2:1446 9:5895 pairs; Matched pair Parallelism, tests for. See Overfitting, 2:976 t-tests Hollander parallelism Overgraduation, 9:5896 Pair splitting, in blackjack, test Overidentification, 1:602 Parallel Labouchere´ betting 9:5896–5897 Pairwise independence, system, 1:482 Overlapping blocks, 1:603 9:5909 Parallel-redundant system. Overlapping coefficient, Pakes’ theorem, 11:7009 See Extreme-value 9:5897–5898 Pakistan Journal of distributions Overlaps Statistics, 9:5909 Parallel structures in multiple patterns, Paley-Wiener theory, flowgraph models for, 2:1061 15:9145 4:2414–2415 in patterns, 2:1056 Palm distribution Parameter, 9:5928–5929 Overparameterized model, and stationary point Parameter-driven models 9:5899 process, 9:6184 transition (Markov) Overrepresentation. See Palm functions, 9:5910 models, 14:8714 Representative sampling and stationary point Parameter-free inference, Overstress life tests, 6:4159 process, 9:6185 13:8412–8414. See Overweight Palm-Khinchin functions, Sufficient estimation actuarial health studies, 9:5910 and parameter-free 1:30–31, 32 Palm measure, 9:5910 inference Oxford Bulletin of Economics and stationary point Parameter identification and Statistics, 9:5899 process, 9:6184–6185 stochastic compartment Ozone depletion, 1:293–294 Pandiagonal designs, 6:3884 models, 2:1120–1121 9354 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Parameterized to preserve Par method, of agricultural Partial ordering of Schur complexity, survey, 1:72–73 distributions, 7:4294 Parseval’s identity, 1:670 9:5989–5992 Parameters Parsimony, principle of, Partial order scalogram transformation, 14:8698, 9:5942 analysis, 9:5984–5988 8707–8708 Part, in repairable systems, Partial regression, Parameters, orthogonal, 11:7155 9:5993–59995 9:5929–5931 Partial association, 1:246 Partial residual plot, Parameter set, 1:276 Partial autocorrelation CERES, 2:813 Parameter space, 3:1558 function, 12:7650 Partial serial correlation Parametric Dickey-Fuller Partial common principal function, 12:7649–7650 unit-root tests, 14:8880 component model, Partial splines, 12:7947 Parametric estimation 10:6401 Partial time regression, event history analysis, Partial confounding, 2:1267. Frisch-Waugh theorem 3:2110 See Confounding for, 9:5995–5999 Parametric learning, 1:430 Partial correlation, Particle-size statistics, Parametric model 9:5943–5945 9:5996–5999 as Model I, 8:4929 Partial correlation formula, weighted distribution Parametric tolerance regions 9:5943 application, 15:9111 of ß-expectation, Partial exchangeability, Partition function 14:8650–8652 9:5946–5947 and Markov random fields, Para-standardized Partial factor productivity 7:4562 mesa-logistic variable, index, 10:6526–6527 Partitioning test, 14:8840 7:4730 Partial least squares, Partition of chi-square, Pareto distribution, 9:5947–5956 9:5999–6002 9:5931–5935 Partial least squares Partitions Yule distribution in regression, 9:5957–5960 and classification, 2:969 discrete analog of, chemometrics application, Partly exponential models, 15:9215 2:876–878 9:6002–6004 Pareto distribution of the and collinearity, 2:1342 Party transfer probability. second kind, 7:4403 continuum regression, Pareto distributions 2:1342 See Elections, risk theory applications, Partial likelihood, transferable vote system 11:7297 9:5962–5964 for Pareto indifference rule, Partially balanced designs, Party transfer probability 9:5939 9:5964–5978 matrix, 3:1894 Pareto-lognormal Partially balanced PASCAL distribution, incomplete block algorithm specification, 9:5937–5938 designs, 1:608 1:109–110 Pareto optimality, and quasi-factorial Pascal, Blaise, 9:6005–6006 9:5938–5942 designs, 10:6748 axioms of probability, and multiple criteria Partially sufficient. See 1:329 decision making, 8:5082 Conditional inference and history of probability, Pareto parameter, 2:816 Partially systematic 10:6469 Pareto sets, 9:5941–5942 sampling, 9:5980–5982 and problem of points, Pareto type I model Partially truncated 10:6505 Lorenz curve for, 7:4422 distributions, 9:5983 Pascal distribution. See Parimutuel betting, 4:2610 Partial moments, Negative binomial Parit progression ratio, 8:4948–4949 distribution fertility, 4:2288 Partial ordering, Pascal’s limac¸on, 6:4177 Parity principle, of GEID well-calibrated forecasts, Pascal’s triangle, systems, 4:2391 11:7039 9:6007–6009 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9355

Pascual estimator Paulson’s lemma, 14:8650, Pearson’s coefficient of Quenouille’s estimator 8651 contingency, 9:6036 compared, 1:485 Payoff table. See Decision as measure of association, Pascual’s estimator. See theory; Game theory; 1:249 Ratio estimator, Huygens, Christian Pearson’s lemma, 2:895 Pascual’s p-Chart, 2:1350 Pearson’s quadratic form, Pascual’s ratio estimator, PCR. See Principal 2:914–915 10:6971 components regression Pearson system Passage times, 9:6009–6012 PC-unbiasedness, 8:5118 of frequency curves Patchy outliers, p-dimensional Wishart estimation, 9:6013–6015 distribution, 15:9185 4:2519–2520, 2524 Paternity, 4:2443–2444 Peak, of umbrella, 14:8814 Pearson system of Path analysis, 9:6016–6018 Peakedness. See Kurtosis distributions, Path between two nodes, Peak of an umbrella. See 9:6036–6039 7:4536 Umbrella alternatives approximations to Path correlation, in Bayes Peak test, 9:6024–6025 distributions, 1:194–198 linear analysis, 1:390 Peano network, 10:6804 Pearson-Tukey three-point Path diagrams, 9:6017 Pearl-Reed curve, 9:6025 approximation, 13:8602 Path length tree, 10:6585 Pearson, Egon Sharpe, Pearson type VII distribution Pathworth, 2:1273 9:6025–6028 on the unit sphere, Patnaik approximation for Pearson, Karl, 9:6028–6033 9:6040–6041 chi-square distributions animal studies Pecking order problem, as moment approximation contributions, 1:162 9:6041–6042 procedure, 8:4941 approximations to PEDITOR Patterned covariances, distributions, 1:193 crop estimation with 9:6019–6021 and Biometrics School, satellite data, 2:1440 Patterned means, 9:6022 1:176 Peeling data, 9:6042–6045 Patternity suite, collaboration with Fisher, Peirce’s criterion for outlier 6:4092–4093 4:2345–2346 rejection, 9:5888 Pattern mixture models collaboration with Weldon, Penalized likelihood, and missing data, 7:4860 15:9131–9132 9:6046–6052 Pattern recognition, 2:975 collaboration with Yule, Penalized likelihood chemometrics application, 15:9216 estimator. See Density 2:878 contributions to estimation-I; Maximum Landsat crop estimation, correlation, 2:1379 penalized likelihood 2:1438 contributions to estimation Pattern Recognition, 6:3782, multivariate analysis, Penalized maximum 9:6023 8:5143 likelihood estimators, Pattern Recognition Letters, and Fisher’s 3:1621 9:6023 Z-transformation, Peng, 3:1672 Pattern Recognition Society, 4:2376 Peng, K. C. (1967). The 6:3782, 9:6023 two-by-two table Design and Analysis of Patterns controversy, 14:8789, Scientific Experiments in multinomial trials, 8791–8792 key experimental design 2:1054–1055 Pearson distributions, 4:2521 text, 3:1670 multiple, 2:1060–1061 Pearson product-moment summary of subject Patterns and coincidences in correlation, 2:1376 coverage, 3:1672 sequences, 2:1053–1068 Pearson’s chi-square, Pentagamma function, Patterns of arrival. See Farrington’s modified, 9:6054 Arrival patterns 9:6034–6036 Pentamean, 9:6054 Paulson approximation, Pearson’s chi-square test. People vs. Collins, 4:2429 9:6023–6024 See Chi-square test Percentage, 9:6054 9356 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Percentage points, 9:6054 Permutation models, Pharynx approximations to 9:6074–6077 human radiation hazards, distributions, 1:195 Permutation postulate, 3:2018–2020 Percentile points, 9:6054 6:3687 Phase, 15:9029 Percentiles, 9:6054 Permutations Phase I clinical trials, 7:4721 Percentiles, estimation of, Ulam’s metric, 14:8811 Phase II clinical trials, 9:6054–6058 Permutation tests, 3:2044, 7:4721 Percentile t-method, 1:625 9:6077 Phase III clinical trials, Percent plots, 10:6484 Permutation tests: 7:4721 Percolation on lattices, multivariate, Phase frequency test. See 10:6831 9:6078–6086 Wallis and Moore Percolation probability Permutation tests for phase-frequency test function, 9:6063 dispersion, 9:6077–6078 Phase problem Percolation theorem Permuted identity matrix, in X-ray crystallography, load-sharing systems, 9:6073 15:9199–9200 7:4316 PERQS (personalized Phase transition Percolation theory, electronic reporting random graphs, 10:6829 9:6060–6065 questionnaire), 3:1895 Phase type distributions, Perfect trend, 8:4971–4972 Personal probability, 9:6104–6114 Perinatal care 1:241–242 Phenobarbital epidemiological statistics, and degrees of belief, mixture data analysis of 1:458 3:2030 solubility, 7:4875–4879 Persson-Rootzen´ estimator, Periodic generalized Phi-coefficient, 9:6115–6116 9:6088 autoregressive Phi-deviation, 9:6116–6118 PERT, 9:6089–6093 conditionally Phi-kurtosis, 9:6117 and management science, heteroscedastic Philosophical Essay on 7:4470 (PGARCH) models, Probabilities, A PERT networks, 1:211 (Laplace), 2:824 9:6089–6093 Periodicity. See Periodogram Phi-max coefficient, 9:6118 Perturbation theory analysis Phi-mean, 9:6117 and local influence, Periodicity tests, φ-Optimal design, 3:1821 7:4321–43222 9:6067–6068 and quantum physics, Phi-skewedness, 9:6117 Periodic variation. See 10:6742 Photoelectric effect, 10:6727 Periodogram analysis; Pesotchinsky design. See Photometria (Lambert), Time series Response surface 6:3948 Periodogram designs Phyla, 12:8010 and Whittle likelihood, P-estimators. See Pittman Physical and Engineering 15:9137 estimators Sciences section, Periodogram analysis, Petersen estimate, 2:749 American Statistical 9:6065–6068 Petty, Sir William. See Association, 1:122 Period prevalence, 8:4994 Biostatistics, classical Physical sciences Peritz’s test, 8:5106 p∗-formula, 9:6094 applied probability, 1:187 Perks’ distributions, 9:6069 and asymptotic Physicians Health Study, PERL, 12:8085, 8893 expansions, 1:265 2:990 Permissible estimators, PGARCH models, Physics 9:6069 1:211 early history of statistics Permutational central limit PGF. See Probability in, 9:6118–6123 theorems, 2:884, generating functions Phytosociology 9:6069–6073 Pharmaceutical industry, classification applications, and antiranks, 1:185 9:6100–6104 2:972 Permutation matrix, Pharmaceutical studies. See Pictogram. See Graphical 9:6073–6074 Drug studies representation of data CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9357

Piecewise exponential Pitman tests, 9:6147–6149 Plateau models, linear, survival analysis. See Pivot 9:6170–6172 Poisson regression fiducial distributions, Platykurtic curve, 9:6172 Pie chart, 9:6123–6124 4:2293, 2297 Plausability function, 3:2117 Pillai’s trace, 9:6124–6128 Pivotal functions Plausability of paternity, MANOVA application, and ancillary statistics, 4:2444 8:5164, 5165–5166 1:149–150 Plausibility function, 9:6172 Piloting Pivotal inference, as preference function, census, 2:807 9:6150–6153 9:6388 Pi(π) method for estimating Pivotal quantities, Playfair, William, multivariate functions, 9:6153–6156 9:6172–6175 8:5227–5228 Pivotal quantity Play-the-loser sampling, Pimple. See Multivariate fiducial distributions, 9:6175 functions, Pi(π)method 4:2293, 2297 Play-the-winner rule, for estimation Pivot and bipivot t-statistics, 12:7634 Pineapple 9:6156–6157 Play-the-winner rules, general acceptance values Pivot-depth, 9:6157–6158 9:6175–6177 in fruit blends, Pivoting. See Gauss-Jordan clinical trials, 2:987 7:4872–4875 elimination PLSR. See Partial least Pine martens Pixel, 10:6572 squares regression allometry, 1:115 PL-1 Plug-in rules. See Pinsker bound for minimax algorithm specification, Nonparametric risk, 7:4801–4808 1:109 discrimination Pinsker constant, 7:4802 Placebo effect, 2:982 P matrix, 12:7656 Pirie-Hollander test for Placement statistics, PN factorials ordered alternatives, 9:6158–6160 confounding when P is odd 15:9159 Plackett and Burman prime, 2:1265 Pitman,E.J.G., designs, 9:6161–6164 Pochhammer function, 9:6141–6142 Plackett family of 5:3289 Pitman asymptotic relative distributions, Pochhammer’s symbol, efficiency, 1:288, 9:6164–6168 5:3288, 9:6178 9:6136–6140 Plackett’s identity, 9:6168 Pocock and Simon method, approximate Bahadur Plaid and half-plaid squares, 9:6178–6179 efficiency, 1:343 9:6168–6169 POEM and contiguity, 2:1299 Planck distribution, 9:6169 data imputation Pitman closeness, Planck-Einstein relation, application, 3:1867 9:6128–6135 10:6728 Poincaremap,´ 2:848 Pitman Planck’s radiation formula, Poincare´ processes, 11:7552 closeness-inadmissible, 9:6169 Poincare´ recurrence 9:6129 Plan-do-check-act, 14:8674 theorem, 3:2058 Pitman-closer, 9:6128 Planovoe Khozaistvo Poincare´ section, 2:848 Pitman efficiency, 1:339, (Planned Economy), Point, of umbrella, 14:8814 3:1876, 9:6136–6140 14:9000 Point biserial correlation, locally most powerful tests, Plant breeding 1:577–578 3:1880 and evolutionary genetics, Point estimation Wilcoxon signed rank test, 3:2120 admissibility, 1:53, 54 15:9152 Plant ecology binomial proportion, Pitman estimators, Markov random field 1:501–504 9:6142–6145 application, 7:4562 total number of trials in Pitman-Morgan test, Plant process model binomial experiment, 9:6146–6147 (agricultural surveys), 1:512–514 Pitman sampling formula, 1:79 Point multiserial (PMS) 3:2133 Plaquette, 6:4044 correlation, 9:6180 9358 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Point of an umbrella. See mixing distributions in Poisson’s law of small Umbrella alternatives study of accident- numbers, 9:6193–6194 Point optimal invariant proneness, 7:4882 Poisson’s limit theorem for a tests, 9:6180–6183 Potthoff-Whittinghill tests sequence of dependent Point optimal tests, 14:8881 of homogeneity, 5:3217 rare events, 9:6194 Point polyserial correlation, probability generating Poisson stopped-sum 9:6244 function, 4:2748 distributions, 2:953–954 Point prevalence, 8:4994 tests for trend in count Poisson trend test, Point processes. See Point data, 14:8740–8742 9:6210–6214 process, stationary; Poisson gamma Poisson variables Stochastic processes, distributions, 2:954 sums and differences, point Poisson index of dispersion, 2:953 absolute continuity of 9:6195 Poisson variance test, probability measures, Poisson-inverse Gaussian 9:6209–6210 1:8 and Sichel compound Poker, 4:2612 Bayesian forecasting, distributions, 1:401 9:6195–6197 Poker back (ankylosing Point processes, stationary, Poisson-inverse Gaussian spondylitis) 9:6184–6186 distribution, 2:954–955, epidemiological statistics, Point stochastic processes, 9:6195–6197 3:2020 13:8280–8286 Poissonization, 9:6215 Poland Point variogram, 14:8937 Poisson limit, 9:6197–6198 agricultural statistics Point-wise dimension, 4:2469 Poisson log-linear regression applications, 1:83 Poisson, Simeon-Denis,´ model, 9:6207–6210 Polar chart, 9:6220 9:6218–6219 Poisson-lognormal Polarization measures, approximations to distribution, 9:6198 9:6221 distributions, 1:192 Poisson-Markov process, Polarization test, Poisson approximation, 9:6198–6200 9:6220–6222 9:6215 Poisson matrix, 9:6200 Polarized distribution, and coincidences and Poisson-Pascal distribution, 9:6221 patterns, 2:1054 2:954 Policy error, 2:1066 Poisson permanent random Markov decision processes, Poisson-beta distribution, number sampling 7:4533 9:6187–6188 for agricultural surveys, Policy space method. See Poisson binomial 1:77–78 Markov decision distribution, 9:6188 Poisson process, mixed, processes Poisson-binomial 9:6203–6206 Political science, distribution, 9:6188 Poisson processes, 9:6222–6229 Poisson clumping heuristic, 9:6200–6203 election projections, 9:6188–6189 and aggregation, 1:56 3:1890–1892 Poisson convergence, 6:4185 and risk theory, 11:7295 uniformity measures for, Poisson distribution, wear, 15:9070 9:6190–6194, 10:6493 Poisson regression, 14:8855–8858 arithmetic mean, 1:231 9:6207–6214 unit-root tests, 14:8876 continuity corrections used Poisson representation, Pollaczek-Khinchin formula, with, 2:1307, 1309 9:6215–6217 9:6230–6231 distributions related to, Poisson sample size, Pollaczek-Khinchin-mean See Classical discrete 9:6215–6217 value formula, 9:6230 distributions, Poissonsamplesizeand Pollaczek-Khinchin generalizations of Poisson representation, transform equation, generalizations, 2:953–955 9:6215–6217 9:6230 mixing distributions, Poisson’s law of large Pollaczek-Spitzer identity, 7:4886 numbers, 9:6220 10:6775 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9359

Pollution studies Polynomial fitting Pooling variances, adaptive sampling moving-average formulas 9:6271–6272 application, 1:41 from, 8:5006 Population, mathematical Polya-Aeppli´ distribution, Polynomial models, theory of, 9:6281–6285 2:954, 9:6231–6234 9:6257–6263 adaptive sampling Polya´ distribution, Polynomial-normal densities, applications, 1:41–45 multivariate, 9:6264–6265 aggregation application, 9:6235–6238 Polynomial regression, 1:56–57 Polya-Eggenberger´ 11:7084–7086. See applied probability distribution Regression, polynomial studies, 1:188 mixture distributions, final prediction error Bayesian forecasting, 7:4884 criteria, generalized, 1:401 and urn models, 4:2307 biogeography, 1:543–547 14:8895–8899 Polynomials of matrix capture-recapture Polya´ frequency function of arguments, methods, 2:743–752 order k, 14:8666 9:6265–6267 estimating numbers of Polya´ frequency of order 2, Polynomial splines in individuals in 1:60 survival analysis. See archaeological studies, Polya-Lundberg´ process, Hazard regression 1:222 9:6238–6240 Polyserial correlations, rarefaction curve Polya´ process, 9:6238 9:6243–6244 applications, 10:6952 tracking, 14:8688–8691 Polya’s´ theorem, 2:852–853, estimation, 9:6244–6246 Wargentin’s contributions, 9:6240–6241 Poly-t distributions, 9:6268 Polytomous multivariate 15:9036–9037 Polya´ tree priors, 3:1724 Polya´ distribution, wildlife sampling, 15:9164 Polya´ tree processes, 9:6238 Population and Housing, 3:1724–1726 Polytomous variables, 9:6268 U.S. Census of, 14:8903, Polya´ type 2 frequency (PF ) 2 Polytomy, 3:1687 8909 distributions, Polytone trend, 8:4971 Population and Vital 9:6241–6242 Polytonicity, 8:4971–4976. Statistics Report (UN), Polychoric and polyserial See Hazard regression 14:8876 correlations, Polytonicity coefficients, Population binomial 9:6243–6248 8:4976 proportion, 1:519 Polychoric correlations, Poly-unsaturated fat Population census, 2:805 9:6243–6244 death-rate correlation Population density estimation, 9:6246–6248 coefficients for certain death-rate correlation Polychoric series, 9:6247 factors, 3:2027 coefficients for certain Polychotomous regression, Poly-Weibull distribution, factors, 3:2027 11:7083 9:6249 Population growth Polychotomy, 3:1687 Pool-adjacent-violators logistic processes, 7:4377 Polygamma functions, algorithm, 9:6268–6269 Population growth models, 9:6249 estimation in restricted 9:6274–6279 Polyhazard distribution, parameter spaces, Population mean 9:6249 3:2088 arithmetic mean as Polyhazard models, Pooling, 9:6269–6273 estimator, 1:232 9:6249 and Bayesian inference, Population mean deviation, Polykays, 1:159, 2:1079 7:4655 9:6250–6252, 14:8780 in presence of Population projection, Polylogarithmic overdispersion, 9:6283–6284, distributions, 2:1076–1078 6286–6289 9:6253–6256 Pooling means, 9:6270–6271 Population pyramid, Poly-nacci distributions, Pooling regression equations, 9:6290–6292 4:2291 9:6272–6273 Population ratio, 14:8856 9360 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Population sampling in less and weighted Power product sums, 9:6309 developed countries, distributions, Power residual method 9:6292–6295 15:9109–9110 computer applications, Population size, Posterior moments. See 2:1162 Horvitz-Thompson Conjugate families of Power rule model estimator for, distributions of accelerated failure time, 9:6295–6297 Posterior Pitman closeness, 1:15 Population Weiler index, 9:6131 Power series distribution, 15:9123 Posterior probabilities, 8:4935 Porosity, 14:8936–8937 9:6302 factorial series, 4:2228 PORT Library Posterior probability, 4:2302 Power series distributions, algorithms in, 1:110 Positive diagnosis 9:6309–6313 Portmanteau test, medical diagnosis studies, Power series distributions, 9:6297–6299 7:4716 modified. See Modified Positioning and product Poststratification power series distribution design Current Population Power series distributions, marketing decisions in Survey, 2:1488 multivariate. See surveys, 7:4499 Poststratified random Multivariate power Positive association, sampling series distributions 2:765 mean reciprocal values, Power series distributions, epidemiological studies, 7:4662 sum-symmetric. See Potatoes 3:2030 Sum-symmetric power agricultural surveys, 1:77 Positive dependence series distributions Potential followup time, M-matrices, 8:4915–4916 Power spectral density 3:2141 Positive false discovery rate, time series, 2:1511 Potthoff-Whittinghill tests of 4:2241 Power spectrum estimation homogeneity, Positive generalized and window width, 5:3217–3220. See hyperbolic distributions, 15:9182 Homogeneity, 5:3283 Power sums, 13:8495 Potthoff-Whittinghill Positively quadrant Power surface, 9:6303 tests of dependent distributions, Power transformations, Poverty indexes, 5:3187 5:3421–3425 14:8704–8705. See also Positive orthant dependent Power, 9:6303 Box-Cox transformation − distributions, 5:3187 Power distribution, P P plots, 10:6484 Positive quadrant two-sided, 9:6303–6304 p-quantile dependence, 4:2396 Power divergence, 1:516 and accelerated life Positive-recurrent state, Power function, 9:6303 testing, 1:16 7:4548 Power function distribution, Pratt’s paradox, Positivity, total. See Total 9:6304 9:6315–6317 positivity Power functions Precedence testing, Positivity condition, 5:3063 and weak convergence, 9:6317–6322 Postdictive inference, 9:6299 15:9066 Precipitation, and cloud Postenumeration survey Power index of a game, seeding studies, 15:9076 program 9:6304 Precise measurement, to document undercount in Power law process, principle of, 9:6324 census, 14:8830 9:6305–6309 Precision. See Accuracy and Posterior density Power of tests precision in multivariate Bayesian and P-value combinations, Precision, index of, 9:6324 analysis, 8:5158 10:6645 Precision (Accuracy and Posterior distributions, and P-values, precision), 1:25–26 9:6299–6301, 6302, 10:6637–6641 Precision matrix, 9:6324 10:6425 Poweroids, 9:6314–6315 Precision of estimator, 1:26 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9361

Precision of measurement, Predictor variables Prequential analysis, 1:26 in backward elimination 10:6391–6396 Predecessor-successor selection, 1:339 Prescott’s test method, 9:6324–6326 canonical correlation crossover trials, 2:1450 Predicted varimax, 14:8992 analysis, 8:5153 Prevailing item, 10:6397 Predicting factor, 10:6962 Prednisone Dissolution Prevalence, 8:4994 Predicting random effects in Calibrator epidemiological studies, group randomized trials, FDA statistical studies, 3:2031–2032 9:6326–6334 4:2266 Prevalence rate, 10:6961 Prediction Predominant item, 9:6386 Prevision, 10:6397–6398, and tolerance regions, Preelection polls, 3:1891 6465 14:8644 Preemptive priority Prewhitening Prediction, measures of discipline, 10:6427 and Box-Jenkins model, measures of association for Preemptive discipline, 1:650 estimating, 1:247–248 9:6386–6387 Price Statistics of the Federal Prediction, structural. See Preemptive priority Government, 6:3920 Structural prediction disciplines, 9:6386–6387 Price Statistics Review Prediction and filtering, Preemptive repeat-different Committee, 6:3920 linear, 9:6336–6345 discipline, 9:6386 Pricing Prediction and forecasting, Preemptive repeat discipline, marketing decisions in 9:6346–6354 9:6386 surveys, 7:4499 Prediction distribution, Preemptive repeat-identical Priestley-Chao estimator, 13:8354 discipline, 9:6386 3:1619 Prediction of weather. See Preemptive repeat without Priestley’s harmonic Weather forecasting resampling discipline, component test for time Prediction sufficiency 9:6386 series, 13:8637–8641 and conditional Preemptive repeat with Priestley’s test for harmonic independence, resampling discipline, components. See Time 2:1192–1193 9:6386 series, Priestley’s Predictive analysis, 2:976, Preemptive resume harmonic component 9:6355–6365 discipline, 9:6386 test for Predictive distances, 9:6366–6368 Preferability, 9:6388 Primary sampling unit, Predictive distribution, Preference functions, 10:6398–6399 14:8655. See Predictive 9:6388–6390 Prime implicant family, analysis Preference mapping. See 4:2254 Predictive elicitation, 3:1899 Graphical Prime modulus Predictive likelihood, representation of data multiplicative 9:6369–6374 Preferences. See Bayesian pseudo-random number Predictive sample reuse, inference; Decision generators, 10:6594 9:6357–6358 theory Primitive root, 10:6400 Predictive sample size, and utility theory, 14:8925 PRIM-9 system, 6:3850 11:7408–7409 Preference zone Principal component Predictive validity. See ranking and selection analysis Group testing procedures, 10:6908 in archaeology, 1:218 Predictograms, 11:7107 Pregibon’s link test. See Link biplots, 1:564–566 Predictor perturbations, tests data editing application, 7:4322 Premature aggregation. See 3:1865 Predictors Half-normal plots generalized, 10:6400 in AID technique, 1:302, Prenatal care Principal components, 303–304 epidemiological statistics, 10:6401–6403 Predictor specification, 3:2030 Schonemann’s¨ theorem for, 9:6375–6384 Pre-Q matrix, 12:7656 10:6407 9362 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Principal components, Prior density, 10:6424 interval-valued, Schonemann’s¨ theorem in multivariate Bayesian 10:6464–6465 for, 10:6407 analysis, 8:5158 measure theory in Principal components Prior distributions, probability and regression 10:6424–6425 statistics, 7:4695–4701 chemometrics application, in multivariate Bayesian normative view of, 2:875–878 analysis, 8:5159 1:240–241 and collinearity, 2:1342 and prior probabilities, probabilistic reasoning, Principal components 10:6428 10:6454–6455 regression analysis, true prior, 14:8773 and quantum mechanics, 10:6405–6406 Prior elicitation, 1:396 10:6727–6736 Principal curve, Priority queue, transformation, 10:6401–6402, 11:7543 10:6426–6428 14:8700–8701, 8707 Principal differential Prior probabilities, working basis, analysis, 10:6407–6411 10:6428–6429 10:6459–6460 Principal economic indicator Privacy Probability, inverse. See reports, 14:8914 census, 2:806 Bayesian inference Principal moments, 10:6411 of records, 1:555 Probability, Statistics, and Principal points, Private School Survey, Time (Bartlett), 1:370 10:6411–6413 14:8910 Probability amplitude Principal surfaces, 11:7543 Probabilistic conditional in quantum mechanics, Principal variables, independence, 10:6731 11:7544 2:1191–1192 Probability and Induction Principal Hessian directions Probabilistic grammars, (Kneale), 2:824 suitable for uniform 7:4278–4279 Probability and logic, design, 14:8847 Probabilistic number theory, 10:6440–6442 Principle component 10:6429–6433 Probability and analysis, 8:5149–5151 Probabilistic reasoning, Mathematical Statistics, Principle of cogent reason, 10:6454–6455 10:6443 1:332 Probabilistic voting models, Probability assessment, Principle of insufficient 10:6434–6439 1:240–244 reason, 1:395 Probabilistic weather Probability axioms, Principle of parsimony, forecasting, 10:6445 1:327–333 9:5942. See Parsimony, Probability Probability bounds, principle of; Scientific Bayesian approach, Worsley-Hunter, method and statistics 10:6463–6464 10:6444 and model building, 8:4928 choosing priors, Probability densities, Principle of precise 10:6463–6464 compatibility of, measurement, 9:6324 classical view of, 1:242 10:6444–6445 Principle of rationality of descriptive view of, 1:241 Probability density function type, 1:461 foundations of, defined, 10:6493 Principle of unanimity, 10:6452–6467 Probability distribution, 9:5938–5939 frequency interpretation 12:8006 Principles of Numerical in, 4:2530–2536 Probability forecasting, Taxonomy (Sokal and frequentist developments 10:6445–6452 Sneath), 2:967 based on complexity, economic evaluation of Principles of professional 10:6462 forecasts, 10:6450–6451 statistical practice, frequentist view of, 1:242 Probability generating 10:6414–6423 hierarchy of concepts, functions, 1:581, summary of reciprocal 10:6458–6459 4:2747–2750. See obligations and historical background, Generating functions responsibilities, 10:6453 defective distribution, 10:6419–6420 history of, 10:6469–6472 4:2749 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9363

Probability inequalities for Probability score (Brier Process characterization sums of bounded random weather forecasting statistics applications, variables, 10:6473–6475 score), 15:9073 3:1989–1990 Probability integral Probability space, Process control charts, transform, 14:8860 10:6492–6493 4:2267 Probability integral Probability spaces, metrics Process control problems, transformation and distances of. See 4:2276–2277 quantile processes, Metrics and distances of Processes 10:6708 probability spaces Archimedean copula Probability integral Probability theory process, 2:1359–1362 transformations, an outline, 10:6492–6495 birth-and-death processes, 10:6476–6480 and Lorenz curve, 7:4425 1:572–576 Probability in the Probability Theory and branching processes, Engineering and Related Fields, 1:660–662 Information Sciences, 10:6491–6492 Chung processes, 10:6481 Probability-weighted 2:941–944 Probability maps moments, 10:6496 copula process, and causation, 2:783–784 Probable deviation, 10:6497 Archimedean, Probability measures, Probable error, 10:6497 2:1359–1362 10:6481 Probable item, 10:6497 counting processes, tightness of, 10:6481 Probit analysis, 2:1405–1411 coverage processes, Probability minimum 10:6497–6502 2:1416–1418 replacement sampling bioassay application, diffusion processes, design, 10:6482 1:530, 532–533, 535 3:1694–1698 Probability Models and and ridit analysis, Dirichlet processes, Cancer (Le Cam and 11:7283 3:1721–1726 Neyman), 6:4120 Probit model, 10:6499–6500 discrete processes, Probability moments and Probit models, Bayesian 10:6514–6519 frequency moments, analysis of, embedded processes, 10:6482–6483 10:6503–6504 3:1926–1930 Probleme der Statistischen Probability nonreplacement empirical processes, sampling design, Methodenlehre 3:1963–1975 10:6482 (Anderson), 1:156 extremal processes, Probability notation, 1:327 Problem of moments, 1:193 3:2179–2183 Probability of a correct Problem of points, 4:2608, Galton-Watson process, selection 10:6505–6506 4:2603–2607 ranking and selection Fermat’s contribution to, Gaussian processes, procedures, 10:6908 4:2283 4:2643–2646 Probability of death, 6:4155 Problem of the Nile, geometrical process, Probability of precipitation, 4:2370–2371. See 4:2793–2798 10:6445 Fisher’s problem of the Hoeffding-Blum-Kiefer- Probability plots Nile Rosenblatt process, and selection of Problem solving in statistics, 5:3183–3184 distributions for model 10:6506–6512 Hougaard processes, construction, 8:4921 Proceedings of the IEEE, 5:3232–3233 Probability plotting, 5:3316 Hungarian constructions 10:6483–6487 Proceedings of the Sixth of empirical processes, Probability proportional to Symposium on Statistics 5:3265–3268 size (PPS) sampling, and the Environment, immigration-emigration 10:6488–6490 1:124 processes, 5:3344–3346 and unequal probability Process capability index, jump processes, sampling, 14:8832, 8834 Wright’s, 10:6506–6512 6:3791–3792 9364 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Processes (continued) shot-noise processes and See Kaplan-Meier Kiefer process, 6:3848 distributions, estimator-I Levy´ process, 6:4145 12:7699–7703 Product moment, 10:6531 logistic processes, Slepian process, Product moment correlation, 7:4376–4378 12:7789–7790 2:1385 Markov decision processes, spatial processes, Product moment correlation 7:4524–4527 12:7889–7894 coefficient, 4:2376 Markov processes, stationary point processes, Professional Statistician, 7:4546–4557 9:6184–6186 The. See Statistician, Markov processes, stationary processes, The Fokker-Planck 12:7991 Profile analysis, equations for, stochastic processes, 10:6531–6537 7:4560–4561 13:8266–8279 Profile-a tests, mixed Poisson process, stochastic processes, point, 10:6538–6543 9:6203–6206 13:8280–8286 Profile empirical likelihood, mutation processes, Takacs´ process, 3:1950 8:5379–5381 13:8536–8537 Profile likelihood, 1:151, narrowband process, wear processes, 10:6589 15:9069–9071 Profile method, 2:884 8:5382 Weibull-Poisson process, Profiles, circular. See Ornstein-Uhlenbeck 15:9097 Snowflakes process, 3:1695, Weibull processes, Profiles of diversity, 9:5860–5862 15:9098–9102 10:6543–6546 orthogonal processes, weighted empirical Profile test at level a, 9:5881–5882 processes, genesis and 10:6540 point processes, application of, Prognostic categories stationary, 9:6184–6186 15:9112–9115 medical diagnosis, 7:4715 point stochastic processes, Wright’s process capability Prognostic score, 2:984 13:8280–8286 index, 10:6506–6512 Program Evaluation and Poisson-Markov process, Process monitoring Review Technique 9:6198–6200 statistics applications, (PERT), 9:6089–6093 Poisson process, mixed, 3:1989 Program of General Census 9:6203–6206 PROCOVIEV algorithm, and Survey Research, Poisson processes, 7:4839 14:8915 9:6200–6203 Procrustes transformation, Program sharing, 1:111 Polya-Lundberg´ process, 10:6519 Progressive censoring, 2:795 9:6238–6240 Producer Price Indexes, and life testing, 6:4161 Power law process, 10:6520–6522 Progressive censoring 9:6305–6309 Producer’s quality level, 1:24 schemes, 10:6546–6549, processes, discrete, Producer’s risk (of rejection) 6549–6552 10:6514–6519 and acceptance sampling, Progressively censored data quantile processes, 1:24 analysis, 10:6549–6552 10:6708–6718 Product, multinomial. See Progressive stresses recurrent event process, Log-linear models in in accelerated life testing, rate function of, 11:7011 contingency tables 1:11 renewal processes, 5:3541, Product integration, Prohorov’s distance 11:7139–7142 10:6522–6525 and Wasserstein distance, self-correcting process, Production scheduling. See 15:9038 11:7546 Linear programming Projectile typology, in self-similar processes, Productivity measurement, archaeology, 1:217 11:7549–7552 10:6526–6529 Projection, 10:6553 semi-Markov processes, Product-limit estimator, Projection approximation, 11:7574–7578 6:3802, 14:8776. 14:8919 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9365

Projection matrices, 10:6553 Proportional-hazards Proximity graph. See Cluster Projection plots, regression analysis, graph-theoretic 10:6553–6557 computer-intensive Proximity matrices, 10:6583 Projection pursuit, method, 2:1149 Proxy variable, 10:6587 10:6558–6562 local influence, 7:4325 Pseudo-Bayesian inference. Nason’s t-index for, Proportional reduction in See Quasi-Bayesian 10:6564 error (PRE) measures of inference Yenyukov’s index, association, Pseudocomponents, 10:6564–6565 10:6570–6572 10:6587–6588 Projection pursuit density Proportional sampling. See Pseudocross variogram, estimation, Proportional allocation 4:2830 10:6561–6562 Proportional similarity Pseudo-F, 10:6588 Projection pursuit index, 8:5042–5043 Pseudo inverse regression, 10:6561 Proportional symmetry test, (Moore-Penrose inverse), banking application, 14:8794 8:4989 1:364 Proportion estimation in Pseudo-likelihood, classification applications, surveys using remote 10:6588–6591 2:977–978 sensing, 10:6572–6577 Pseudo-median, 10:6591 Projection to latent Proportions Pseudo-noise sequence, structures regression, tests for trend, 10:6595 2:1342. See also Partial 14:8742–8744 Pseudopanels. See Panel transformation of, data-II least squares regression 14:8700–8701, 8707 Pseudo-random number Propagation trend tests, 14:8753 generators, in Bayesian networks, Proportions, Cochran’s 10:6592–6596 1:431–433 Q-statistic for, Pseudo-random sequences, Propagation of error, 3:2057. 10:6577–6579 2:1131 See also Error analysis; Propositions Pseudo-random variable Laws of error-I: assessment, 1:240 generation, Tausworthe development of the Propositions, of probability, method for, 10:6598 concept 1:328 Pseudo residuals, Propensity score, 10:6565 Propria Vita, De (Cardano), 10:6598–6599 Proper balanced orthogonal 2:756 Pseudo-t, 10:6599 multiarrays, 1:350–351 Propylene glycol Pseudo-t statistic, Proper loss function, mixture data analysis of Birnbaum’s, 3:1789 solubility of 10:6599–6600 Proper L-wise decimation, phenobarbital, Pseudo-variance, 10:6600 10:6595 7:4875–4879 Pseudo-variates, 10:6601 Proper orthogonal matrix, Proration estimator in analysis of covariance, 9:5881 crop estimation with 1:126–132 Prophet inequalities, satellite data, 2:1444 Psi function, 3:1700, 14:8762 10:6565–6566 Prosecutor’s folly, 4:2441 Psychiatry Proportional allocation, Prospective studies, classification applications, 10:6566–6567 10:6580–6582 2:972 Proportional Archimedean epidemiological statistics, Psychological decision copula process, 2:1360 3:2020 making, 10:6601–6605 Proportional excess hazards relative merits, 10:6582 Psychological scaling, model, 1:49–50 Prospect theory, 10:6604 10:6606–6609 Proportional hazards model Prostitution Psychological testing theory, in accelerated life testing, and HIV transmission, 10:6609–6612 1:20 1:91, 92 Psychology, 10:6613–6618 Proportional hazards model, Proximity data, education applications, Cox’s, 10:6567–6569 10:6583–6586 3:1869–1873 9366 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Psychology, (continued) Puri’s expected normal Quadratic residue, 4:2601 elicitation, 3:1899–1900 scores test, Quadratic scoring rule (Brier tests of unidimensionality, 10:6633–6635 weather forecasting 14:8837–8840 Purposive sampling. See score), 15:9073 Psychometric function, Representative sampling Quadratic statistics, 3:1953 10:6620 Purposive selection. See Quadratic variance Psychometrics. See also Representative sampling functions. See Natural Component analysis; P-values, 10:6636–6637 exponential families Factor analysis; Bayes p-values, 1:391–392 Quadrats Psychological decision cloud seeding studies, in wildlife sampling, making; Psychological 15:9075–9077 15:9164–9165 scaling; Psychological cloud seeding study Quadrat sampling, testing theory application, 15:9080, 10:6655–6656 measuring consumer 9083–9084 animal studies, 1:163 perceptions and problems with, and Bayes Quadrature. See factors, 1:379–380 preferences, 7:4503 n-Dimensional psychological testing quadrature; Numerical unidimensionality test applications, integration applications, 14:8838 10:6615–6616 Quadrigamma function, Psychometric Society, The, P-values, combination of, 10:6661 10:6619 10:6642–6646 Quadrinomial distribution, Psychometrika, 1:186, P-values, combining, 13:8584 10:6661, 13:8590 10:6619–6620 P-values, limiting, Quadrinormal distribution, Psychophysics, statistical 10:6647–6648 8:4934, 4935 methods in, P-values and power of tests, Quaesitum (true value), 10:6620–6623 10:6637–6641 7:4684 PTLS routine, 14:8664 Pyramid scheme models, Qualitative character, 1:297 Publicity, for census, 2:806 10:6648–6650 Qualitative data. See Public opinion polls, Pyrrho’s lemma, 10:6651 Categorical data; 10:6624–6629 Nominal data; Ordinal election forecasting in the q. See Failure probability data UK, 3:1887 Q matrix, 12:7656 Qualitative robustness, election projection, Q − Q plots, 10:6483–6484 11:7300 3:1890–1891 QR algorithm, 10:6652–6654 Qualitative threshold Pulse of finite duration, QR factorization. See Linear autoregressive 10:6728 algebra, computational conditionally Purchasing power parity, QTARCH models, 1:211 heteroscedastic 10:6629–6632 Quade’s test for ordered (QTARCH) models, Pure autoregressive ARMA alternatives, 15:9159 1:211 models, 1:317–318 Quadrant dependence. See Quality and Productivity Pure birth-and-death Dependence, concepts of section, American processes, 1:573–574 Quadratic assignment Statistical Association, Pure coincidence, 13:8457 problem, 11:7558–7560 1:122 Pure jump process, 7:4561 Quadratic entropy, 10:6946 Quality assessment for Purely random errors, Quadratic equation, clinical trials, 11:7595 Mandel’s generalized, 10:6661–6668 Pure moving average ARMA 10:6656 checklist of items to models, 1:318–319 Quadratic forms, 4:2457, include when reporting Pure risk, risk measurement, 10:6656–6659 randomized trials, 11:7293 form nonnormal 10:6665–6666 Puri-Sen test for ordered populations, 10:6659 Quality components, 10:6671 alternatives, Quadratic nonresidue, Quality concept for official 15:9159–9160 4:2601 statistics, 10:6670–6678 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9367

Quality control Quantum hypothesis, Quasi-differencing computer applications, 10:6727 detrending in unit-root 2:1157–1159 Quantum logic, 10:6738 tests, 14:8880–8881 movement begins, 1:121 Quantum mechanics Quasi-experiment. See statistical, 10:6678–6688 and probability, Observational series Quality declaration, 10:6671 10:6727–6736 Quasi-experimental designs Quality Management statistical interpretation cluster randomization, Journal, 1:121 of, 10:6737–6739 2:1011–1012 Quality measure, learning Quantum physics education applications, models, 1:430 and functional integration, 3:1870–1871 Quality Measurement Plan 10:6739–6742 Quasi-factorial designs, (QMP), 10:6690–6694 wavelet application, 10:6747–6748 Quality Progress, 6:3770 15:9042 Quasi-independence, Quangle, 10:6695–6696 Quarter-elliptic plot 10:6748–6751, 14:8755, Quantal data. See Bioassay, (quelplot), 1:655 8756–8757 statistical methods in; Quarterly Financial Report Quasi life tables, Categorical data; for Manufacturing, 10:6752–6753 Nominal data; Probit Mining, and Wholesale Quasi-likelihood equations, analysis Trade, 14:8914 10:6755 Quantal response analysis, Quarterly Financial Report Quasilikelihood function, 10:6497 for Retail Sales, 14:8914 3:2074 (Quarterly) Publications of bioassays, 1:531–534 Quasi-likelihood functions, the American Statistical Quantal response models, 10:6754–6756 Association, 6:3776 10:6498 Quasi-linearization. See Quarterly Public-Employee Quantile, 10:6696–6703 Newton-Raphson Retirement Systems Quantile-density function, methods Survey, 14:8913 10:6710 Quasilinear mean, 15:9122 Quarterly Tax Survey, Quantile estimation, Quasi-lognormal 14:8913 10:6704–6707 distribution, 1:465 Quartets, structure Quantile function, 2:1177 Quasi-medians, invariants in x-ray median-oriented, 10:6756–6757 crystallography, 15:9200 10:6707–6708 conditional probability Quasi-Monte Carlo methods, Quantile plots, distribution, 15:9202 14:8842–8843 10:6483–6484 Quartic exponential Quasi-Newton methods. See parallel-coordinate plot distribution, 10:6743 Newton-Raphson application, 9:5928 Quartile. See Quantile methods Quantile processes, Quartile deviation, 10:6743 Quasi-random numbers, 10:6708–6718 Quartile deviation, 10:6592 Quantiles coefficient of, 10:6743 Quasi-random sampling, Kaplan-Meier estimator, Quartile matching, 10:6757 6:3812 10:6743 Quasi-random sequences, Quantile transformation, Quartimax, 10:6743 10:6757–6758 10:6477, 6708 Quasi-Bayesian inference, Quasi-ranges. See Ranges Quantile transformation 10:6744 Quasi residuals, 10:6759 methods, 10:6720–6721 Quasibinomial distributions, Quasiscore, 10:6760–6761 Quantilograms, 11:7107 10:6744–6746 Quasiscore functions Quantit analysis, Quasi-copulas, estimating functions, 10:6721–6723 10:6746–6747 3:2074 Quantum field theory, Quasi-diagonals-parameter Quasi-symmetry, 10:6741, 6742 symmetry model 10:6762–6765 Quantum hunting, ordered contingency Quasitreatment variables, 10:6723–6727 tables, 2:1303 14:8955 9368 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Quasiuniform functions of a R software package Raikov’s theorem, 2:854, 855, Cantor-type detailed description, 856, 10:6795 distribution, 2:738 12:8089–8890 Rainfall, 10:6795–6799 Quelplot (quarter-elliptic Radar and streamflow, plot), 1:655 for computer vision, 2:1164 10:6809–6811 Quenouille’s method for bias detection in, 2:1097–1108 Rainfall, landforms, and reduction, 1:484–486 Radar target detection, streamflow, Quenouille’s test, 2:1103–1104 10:6795–6812 10:6766–6767 Rademacher functions, Rainfall-runoff model, Q¨uestii´o, 10:6767–6768 10:6788–6790 10:6809–6810 Questionnaires. See Public Rademacher-Kaczmarz Rainfall stimulation (cloud opinion polls; system, 10:6789 seeding), 15:9073–9084 Question-wording effects Radial basis functions Rain-rate distributions, in surveys classification applications, 10:6814–6815 Question-wording effects in 2:978 Raked (adjusted) kappa, surveys, 10:6768–6771 Radial error, 10:6791–6792 10:6816–6817 Quetelet, Adolphe, Radiation phenomena, Raking 10:6772–6773 9:6121 data imputation approximations to Radico-normal distribution, application, 3:1867 distributions, 1:192–193 8:4934. See Modified Raking ratio estimation, astronomy contributions, normal distribution 10:6981 Raktoe, B. L., Hedayat, A., 1:252 Radioactive waste disposal, and Federer, W. T. contributions to 10:6949–6950 (1981). Factorial foundations of Radiocarbon dating Designs, 3:1670 probability, 10:6453 in archaeology, 1:222–223 Ramlau-Hansen’s kernel Quetelet index, 10:6773 Radiocarbon dating estimator Queueing theory, calibration curve, 1:223 extension to Aalen’s 10:6773–6777 Radon-Nikodym derivative additive risk model, 1:48 applied probability and absolute continuity, Ramp function, 10:6818 studies, 1:188 1:3, 4, 6–7, 8 Ramsey, Frank Plumpton, discrete processes, 10:6518 and birth-and-death 10:6818–6820 process, 1:575 Radon-Nikodym theorem, and axioms of probability, and Borel-Tanner 10:6792–6793 1:330 distribution, 1:630 and absolute continuity, and inverse probability, coverage processes, 2:1416 1:3, 4 6:3687 Markov processes, 7:4551 and conditional probability Ramsey’s prior, and matrix-exponential and expectation, 2:1220 10:6820–6821 distributions, 7:4609 Radon transformation, Ramsey theory. See Graph and recurrence criterion, 10:6794 theory 11:7010 wavelet application, Random adult rule, Current and risk theory, 11:7296 15:9061 Population Survey, Quicksort, 10:6779–6780 Raghavarao, D. (1971). 2:1487 Quick test statistics, Lord’s, Constructions and Random balance designs, 10:6781 Combinatorial Problems 10:6821–6822 Quincunx, 10:6781–6783 in Design of Experiments Random censoring, 2:805 Quintiles, 9:6054 key experimental design and life testing, Quota pyramid scheme, text, 3:1670 6:4161–4162 10:6649 summary of subject Random censoring pattern, Quota sampling, coverage, 3:1672 10:6547 10:6783–6785 Rai and Van Ryzin Random coefficient Quotient method, dose-response model, regression, 10:6785–6787 10:6794 11:7087–7093 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9369

Random deck size, Randomized partner design Random sets of points, 2:1066–1067 for vaccine studies, 10:6879–6881 Random determinant. See 14:8938 Random stresses Random matrices Randomized response, in accelerated life testing, Random-digit dialing 10:6854–6861 1:11 sampling methods for, Randomized response Random sum distributions, 10:6822–6824 technique 10:6882–6883 telephone survey marketing applications, Random sums technique, 10:6627 7:4500 Lindeberg-Levy´ Random-effects model, Randomized stopped-sum theorem, 6:4191 4:2383–2386, 14:8961 distributions. See Random tessellations, as Model II, 8:4929 Classical discrete 10:6883–6887 Random errors, 11:7595 distributions, higher dimensions and Random experiment, generalizations of other spaces, 14:8891 Randomized tests, 10:6886–6887 Random fields, 10:6862–6863 Random tournaments, 10:6824–6827, 14:8917 Random mapping, 10:6830 10:6830–6831 structural properties, Random matrices, Random trees, 10:6830 10:6825–6826 10:6863–6864 Random utility models, Random forcing function, Randomness, 10:6592–6593 10:6888–6889 6:3798 BDS test for, Random variables, Random graphs, 8:5198, 10:6890–6891 10:6865–6866 10:6828–6831 Random variables, and chaos, 2:845–846 Randomization, computer-generated. See Cox’s test of, 10:6866 10:6832–6839 Random number tests of, 10:6866–6872 clinical trials, 2:982–983, generation Random noise. See Noise 991–992 Random variation Random number generation, constrained, error analysis, 10:6873–6878 10:6840–6844 3:2055–2056 Random number stream, Randomization, constrained, in X-11 method, 15:9198 10:6593 10:6840–6844 Random vector. See Random permutation, Randomization log-rank Probability theory: an statistic, 7:4399 10:6830 outline; Random Randomization tests, 3:2044, Random permutation variables 10:6845–6851 combinatorics, 2:1065 Random vector Randomized blocks. See Random real number, 1:106 Lindeberg-Levy´ Blocks, randomized Random regular digraphs, theorem, 6:4191 complete 10:6830 Random walk chain, Randomized clinical trials, Random regular graphs, 7:4519 7:4720 10:6830 Random walk models, Randomized consent design, Random sample size 10:6516 2:1134–1135. See ancillary statistics arise, Random walks, Compliance, all-or-none 1:142 10:6892–6897 Randomized decision rule, Random sampling and reflection principle, 15:9022 continuous sampling 11:7039 Randomized estimator, plans, 2:1341 RANDU random number 7:4796 Random sampling, simple. generator, 10:6593 Randomized gamma See Simple random Range-preserving distribution, sampling estimators, 9:6069, 10:6852–6854 Random self-similar network 10:6898–6899 Randomized model. See model, 10:6804 Ranges, 10:6899–6901 Randomization-I; Random sequences, use with control charts, Randomization-II 1:105–106 2:1346 9370 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Range tests Rao-Blackwell distribution Ratiociniis in Ludo Aleae, De data editing application, function, 10:6478 (Huygens), 1:204, 470, 3:1862–1863 Rao-Blackwellization. See 2:757 Rank analysis of covariance. Minimum variance Ratio control method See Rank statistics unbiased estimation; data editing application, Rank biserial correlation, Rao-Blackwell theorem 3:1863 1:579 Rao-Blackwell theorem, Ratio correlation, Rank correlation, coefficient 10:6940–6941 10:6967–6970 of. See Kendall’s tau-I; and adaptive sampling, Ratio edit, 3:1864 Kendall’s tau-II 1:44 Ratio estimation Ranked probability score and admissibility, 1:54 Current Population (Epstein weather Rao distance, 10:6941–6943 Survey, 2:1490 forecasting scoring rule), Rao’s axiomatization of Ratio estimators, 15:9073 diversity measures, 10:6971–6977, Ranked set sampling, 10:6943–6946 6971–6981 10:6902–6906 Rao scoring test. See Score finite populations, 4:2331 Rank estimators statistics Pascual’s, 10:6971 weighted least-squares, Rao’s method Tin’s, 10:6983–6984 15:9119–9120 use with probability Ratio-form poly-t Rank estimators, sequential. proportional to size distributions, 9:6268 See Sequential rank sampling, 10:6490 Rational expectations, estimators r∗ approximation, 1:265 14:8824 Ranking and selection Rare-event risk analysis, Rationality criterion, procedures, 10:6946–6951 10:6985–6986 10:6907–6912 Rare events Rational Laplace transform, Ranking problem, error analysis, distributions with. See 10:6915–6916 3:2056–2057 Exponential families Ranking procedures, Rarefaction curves, Rational subgroup. See 10:6915–6918 10:6952–6954 Acceptance sampling; Rankit, 10:6919 Rarefaction diversity, 3:1803 Control charts; Quality Rankits, 10:6500 Rare human infectious control, statistical Rank likelihood, 10:6919–6921 disease studies Rational subgroups, 10:6679 Rank of matrix, 10:6921 adaptive sampling Ratio of bivariate normal Rank screening application, 1:41 variables, 8:5674, screening designs, Rare-species studies 10:6984–6985 11:7503–7504 adaptive sampling Ratio prophet inequality, Rank-size relation, 15:9223 application, 1:41 10:6565 Rank statistics, Rarity functions, 10:6544 Ratio relative, in agricultural 10:6922–6931 Rasch, Georg, 10:6954–6955 survey, 1:73–74 Rank sum tests. See also Rasch model, 10:6956–6959, Ratio-scale utility function Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon 14:8688 probabilistic voting statistic; Rank tests psychological testing, models, 10:6435 bivariate, 10:6932 10:6612 RATS package Rank tests, 10:6933–6935, Rasmussen report, 11:7287 ARCH models included, 15:9125 Rate of occurrence of failure 1:212 Durbin’s, 10:6932–6933 (ROCOF), 4:2233 Rawlsian theory of justice, Fisher-Yates, See Rates, 10:6960–6962 6:3792–3794 Fisher-Yates tests Rates, standardized, Rayleigh distribution, grouped data in, 10:6962–6965 10:6986–6988, 6987 10:6936–6938 Ratio and regression Rayleigh quotient, 10:6988 RaoandScotttypetests, estimators, Mickey’s, Rayleigh quotient shift, 10:6938–6940 10:6965–6967 10:6653 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9371

Rayleigh random vector, Record times, 10:6995, Recursive partitioning 10:6987 6996–6997 (CART), 11:7011–7012, Rayleigh-Rice distribution, joint distributions, 14:8719 11:7273 10:7001–7002 Recursive replacement tree, Rayleigh’s test, 10:6988 limit theorems, 10:6999 10:6804 RBAN estimation Record values, 10:6995 Recursive residuals bioassay application, asymptotic distribution, and mosum, 8:5009 1:530, 532–533 10:7000 Redescending M-estimators, RCCA. See Resource strong and weak, 11:7012–7014 Conservation and 10:7000–7001 Redistribute-to-the-right Recovery Act (RCCA) Record values and record estimators, 6:3804 R-Charts, 2:1347, 10:6680 statistics, 10:6995–7004 Reduced covariance Reaction velocity, 10:6960 based on dependent measure, 9:6185 Reactor Safety Study, random variables, Reduced difference of zero, 11:7287 10:7003–7004 3:1688–1689 Readings in the Philosophy joint distributions, Reduced model, 11:7015 of Science (Feigl and 10:7001–7002 Reduced-rank correlation Brodbeck), 2:782 Recovery of interblock matrix, 10:6928 Reading tests information, Reduced-rank regression, Rasch model, 10:6956 10:7006–7008 8:5149, 11:7015–7026 Real-income index Rectangular distribution. See continuum regression, Uniform distribution 2:1344 and Paasche-Laspeyres Rectangular frequency Reduced second moment index, 9:5901 polygon. See Histograms measure, 9:6185 Realized volatility Rectangular pulse model Reduced weighted empirical financial time series, rainfall, 10:6796–6797 processes, 15:9112–9115 4:2321–2322 Rectified index number. See Reducible chain. See Markov Receiver-operating Test approach to index processes characteristic curve, numbers, Fisher’s Reduction of data, 10:6622 Rectifying inspection plans, 11:7028–7030 Reciprocal averaging. See 10:6683 Redundancy. See Coherent Correspondence analysis Rectilinear trend. See Trend structure theory Reciprocal differences, Recurrence criterion, Redundancy analysis, 10:6989 11:7009–7010 11:7031–7034 Reciprocal distribution, Recurrent events Redundancy indices, 4:2335, 10:6989 event history analysis, 11:7031–7033 Reciprocal inverse Gaussian 3:2109–2110 Reed-Frost model, distribution, rate function of process, 11:7035–7037 10:6989–6990 11:7011 Reference prior distribution, Reciprocal model, 10:6991 Recurrent random walks, 10:6425 Recognized causes, 1:245 10:6983 Reference set, 11:7038 Record indicators, Recurrent state, 7:4548. See Reference standard 10:6996–6997 Markov processes calibration, 2:694–695 Record linkage Recursion theory, 10:6442 Refinement, 11:7038–7039 and epidemiological Recursive dyadic and well-calibrated statistics, 3:2026 partitioning forecasts, 15:9133 Record linkage and matching and beamlets, 1:441 Reflected Brownian motion, systems, 10:6991–6995 Recursive least squares 1:673 broken samples, 10:6994 method, 7:4613 Reflecting barriers, exact matching, Recursive link replacement 11:7040–7041 10:6991–6992 processes Reflection principle, Record statistics, landform development, 11:7039–7042 10:6995–7004 10:6804 Refusal rate, 11:7043 9372 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Regeneration times, 11:7139 hierarchical regression Poisson regression, Regenerative phenomena models, 5:3158–3163 9:6207–6214 and Kingman inequalities, inverse regression, polychotomous regression, 6:3852 6:3691–3692 11:7083 Regional frequency analysis iterative, 11:7067 polynomial regression, streamflow model, 10:6808 iterative regression, 11:7084–7086 Regionalization 11:7067 random coefficient streamflow model, 10:6808 10k rule of thumb for, regression, Regional quantile regression 11:7098 11:7087–7093 streamflow model, 10:6809 Kuks-Olman estimator of, ratio and regression Regregession fallacy, 11:7067–7068 estimators, Mickey’s, 4:2237–2238 Kuks-Olman estimator of 10:6965–6967 Regression. See also Linear regression, reduced-rank regression, regression; Multiple 11:7067–7068 11:7015–7026 linear regression; latent root regression, repeated median method, Nonlinear regression; 6:3999–4001 11:7079 Partial regression; least squares regression, and trimming and Regression lines convex, 6:4117–4118 Winsorization, 14:8769 business forecasting, 1:685 local regression, Regression, linear. See and conditional probability 7:4339–4345 Linear regression and expectation, Logistic regression, Regression, multiple linear. 2:1226–1227 7:4379–4384 See Multiple linear and counting processes, median, 11:7080 regression 2:1410–14141 Median regression, Regression, nonlinear. See pooling equations, 11:7080 Nonlinear regression 9:6272–6273 Mickey’s ratio and Regression, partial. See and trimming and regression estimators, Partial regression Winsorization, 14:8769 10:6965–6967 Regression, principal variable selection, model-free regression, component. See 11:7101–7105 8:4922–4923 Principal components Regression (Main articles model types, regression analysis only) 11:7080–7082 Regression, repeated median Bayesian regression, monotone regression, line method. See 11:7043–7049 8:4951–4966 Regression lines: censored linear regression multivariate Cox repeated median method models, 2:800–803 regression model, Regression, ridge. See Ridge confluence analysis in 8:5191–5193 regression regression, multivariate regression, Regression, structural. See 11:7053–70545 8:5326–5329 Structural inference continuum regression, nonlinear regression, Regression, wrong. See 2:1342–1345 8:5574–5579 Inverse regression convex least squares nonparametric regression, Regression analysis regression, 6:4117–4118 8:5604–5616 and contrast analysis, fractional, 11:7065 nonparametric tests of 2:1345 Frisch-Waugh theorem for equality of two Regression coefficients, partial time regression, regression curves, 11:7050–7053 9:5995–5999 8:5619–5623 in accelerated failure time Hazard regression, partial least squares model, 1:15–16 5:3097–3101 regression, 9:5957–5960 in analysis of covariance, Heteroscedastic linear partial time regression, 1:126, 130 regression models, Frisch-Waugh theorem originally called reversion 5:3123–3129 for, 9:5995–5999 coefficient, 11:7271 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9373

Regression depth, Regression variables, Relative increment function, 11:7055–7059 selection of, 11:7119 Regression diagnostics, 11:7101–7105 Relative information, 11:7060–7064 Regressograms, 1:104–105 Regression estimator 11:7106–7107 Relatively outlier-prone finite populations, 4:2331 Regret, 11:7107–7108 family of distributions, Regression function: Regular arc, fault tree 9:5890 Kiefer-Wolfowitz analysis, 4:2253 Relatively outlier-resistant minimization, Regular conditional family of distributions, 12:7965–7967 probabilities, 9:5890 Regression in which 2:1227–1228 Relative rate, 10:6960 regressors selected on Regular exponential family. Relative risk, 11:7119–7120 basis of data See Minimax method and rare events, selective inference, Regular graph designs, 10:6948–6949 11:7538 11:7109–7111 Relative-risk regression Regression lines (Main Regularization, 2:976 medical trials, 7:4723 articles only.) in continuum regression, Relative spacings, in trend Cauchy’s interpolation 2:1342 tests, 14:8748 method, 11:7069–7070 Regularized regression Relative to an identified Harter’s adaptive robust choice of method less distribution integral method, 11:7070–7071 important than choice of transform (RIDIT), data pretreatment method of averages, 11:7280 procedure, 2:1345 11:7072–7073 Relative variance, 2:1031 and collinearity, 2:1342 method of group averages, Relative variation, 10:6743 REID (Reformulated Id) 11:7073–7074 Relevant reference set, systems method of least absolute 4:2347 fix-point method, 4:2390, deviation, 11:7074–7075 Relevation, 11:7120–7122 2391 method of least pth Reliability Reinforced lattices, 11:7111 powers, 11:7076–7078 applied probability Rejectable process level most approximative studies, 1:188 (RPL), 11:7111–7112 method, 11:7079 Bayesian forecasting, Rejectable quality level repeated median method, (LQL), 14:8814 1:401 11:7079 Rejection, 11:7112 elicitation evaluation, Regression models, types of, Rejection region, 2:1436 3:1901 11:7080–7082 in flexible designs, engineering statistics Regression quantile, 11:7087 4:2403–24014 applications, 3:1990 Regression rank statistics, Rejective sampling, and fault tree analysis, 10:6923–6924 11:7112–7115 4:2253 Regressions, switching, and probability importance of components 11:7095–7097 proportional to size in, 11:7125–7128 Regression splines, 4:2512, sampling, 10:6490 Lindstrom-Madden 12:7940–7941 Relationship, 11:7116–7118 method for series and smoothing splines, Relative asymptotic system, 12:7662–7663 12:7943 variance. See Efficiency, load-sharing systems, Regression to mediocrity, asymptotic relative 7:4311 1:552 (ARE) Mann-Grubbs method for Regression to the mean, Relative betting odds, 2:987 series system, 11:7099–7100 Relative efficiency, 3:1876 12:7663–7664 ‘‘Regression Towards Relative error norm Markov process Mediocrity in Hereditary approximations to applications, 7:4557 Structure’’ (Galton), mathematical functions, nonparametric methods in, 2:1379 7:4588 11:7128–7132 9374 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Reliability (continued) Renewal models Repetition, 3:2054–2055 probabilistic, for graded systems, 7:4481 Replicated multidimensional 11:7133–7135 Renewal processes, 5:3541, scaling, 8:5027, psychological testing, 11:7139–7142 5029–5030 10:6609–6610 Renewal theory, Replicate histogram, repairable systems, 11:7142–7148 11:7201–7203 11:7155–7159 weighted distribution Replication analysis, 2:1002 total positivity application, application, 15:9111 Reports 14:8670 Renormalization quality, 10:6672–6673 variables, 14:8954 lattice systems, 6:4043 Representative sampling, weighted distribution and quantum physics, 11:7203–7206 application, 15:9111 10:6741–6742 Representing function Reliability, software. See and random fields, 10:6826 quantile processes, Software reliability Renyi,´ Alfred,´ 11:7148–7150 10:6710 Reliability and Usability of and axioms of probability, Reproducibility. See also Soviet Statistics, 1:124 1:331 Measurement error Reliability assessment, Renyi-Anscombe´ theorem, concordance correlation 10:6511–6512 11:7150–7151 coefficients Reliability coefficients, Renyi´ statistics characterized by, 2:1190 Kuder-Richardson, weighted empirical Reproducibility variance, 11:7122–7124 processes, 15:9113 7:4685 Reliability coefficients, Renyi-type´ distributions, Reproducing kernel Hilbert Tucker-Lewis, 11:7125 11:7151–7154 spaces, 11:7208–7210 Reliability function, 11:7133 Repairability, 11:7155 Reproduction rates, and accelerated life Repairable systems 11:7210–7212 testing, 1:16 TTT plots with, Reproductive models, Kaplan-Meier estimator, 14:8676–8677 11:7211–7215 6:3802–3806, 3807 Repairable systems Reproductive properties of Reliability growth model, reliability, distributions, Barlow-Scheur, 11:7125 11:7155–7159 11:7215–7216 Reliability ratio, 3:2060 Repeatability. See Republic of Ireland Reliability theory Measurement error transferable vote system Kaplan-Meier estimator, Repeatability variance, used in, 3:1893 6:3813 7:4685 Rerandomization tests. See Reliable life Repeated chi-square testing, Randomization tests and life testing, 6:4159 11:7160–7161 Rerum Varietate, De Relplot (robust elliptic plot), Repeated confidence (Cardano), 2:755 1:655 intervals. See Group Resampling procedures, Relvariance, 11:7137 sequential tests 11:7216–7218 Remedial journey, 14:8674 Repeated measure designs Research hypothesis, Remedian, 11:7137–7138 for marketing studies, 11:7219 Remez algorithm, 7:4500 Research to Improve the 11:7138–7139 Repeated measurements, Social Science Data REML. See Restricted 11:7162–7170 Base, 1:123 maximum likelihood animal studies, 1:162 Residual-based bootstrap, (REML) Repeated 1:625 Remote sensing measurements-design Residual change, 11:7219 proportion estimation in and analysis, Residual component surveys using, 11:7172–7195 ARIMA models address, 10:6572–6577 Repeated median method for 1:310–311 Renewal counting process, regression lines, 11:7079 Residual effects 5:3541 Repeated significance tests, changeover designs, 2:829 Renewal function, 6:3840 11:7198–7200 Residuals, 11:7220–7221 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9375

Residual variance Response-surface designs Reverse martingales, 7:4570 curve fitting, 2:1500 emphasis of key U-statistics, 14:8918 Residual waiting time. See experimental design Reverse trend alternative, Takacs´ process texts on, 3:1671t 14:8737 Residuation, 11:7222 Response trace, 7:4877 Reversibility Resistance, 11:7223 Response variables, 14:8955 and urn models, 14:8894 Resistance, in robust power transformations, Reversion, coefficient of, estimation, 11:7305 14:8704–8705 11:7271 Resistant techniques, transformation, Rev´ esz´ estimator of 11:7223–7225 14:8698–8700 regression function, Resolution, 11:7226–7228 R-estimators, 12:7641 11:7271–7272 comparing factorial Restricted matric-t Review of Economics and designs for uniformity, distribution, 7:4599 Statistics, 11:7272 14:8848 Restricted maximum Review of Economic Resolution transform, in likelihood estimation Statistics, 11:7272 Bayes linear analysis, crossover trials, 2:1450 RevuedeStatistique 1:389 Restricted maximum Appliqu´ee, Resolvable designs, 10:6748. likelihood inference, 11:7272–7273 See Resolution 11:7252–7260 Reward vector, 7:4525 Resolvable group-divisible Restricted maximum RFP estimation, 4:2395 designs likelihood (REML), Rice uniform design using, 11:7243–7249, 14:8961, area sampling, 1:228 14:8845 8963 Rice distribution, 11:7273 Resolved variance matrix Restricted randomization, Richards family of growth Bayes linear analysis, 10:6844. See curves, 11:7273 1:387 Randomization, Ridgelets, 1:443 Resource allocation constrained Ridge regression, marketing decisions in Restriction error, 11:7262 11:7273–7279 surveys, 7:4499 Resubmitted lot, 11:7262 and collinearity, 2:1342 Resource Conservation and Retail banks, 1:361 Ridge trace, 11:7276–7277 Recovery Act (RCCA) Retail sales Ridit analysis, and risk management, X-11 method application, 11:7280–7283 11:7288 15:9198–9199 Riedwyl one sample test. See Resource utilization Retinoblastoma, 2:707 V-statistics weighted distribution Retracted distributions, Riemannian curvature, application, 15:9111 11:7273 3:1691 Respondent burden, Retrodiction, 11:7263 Riemannian distance reduction of, Retrospective studies, element, 7:4472 11:7229–7230 11:7263–7266 Riemannian manifold, Response, 4:2383 Return 7:4472 Response, quantal. See financial time series, Riemannian metrics, Probit analysis 4:2316–2318 3:1689–1690 Response bias, Return period, 11:7267 Riemannian structure, 11:7231–7232 Return state, 11:7267–7268 7:4472 Response effects Reversal designs, Riemann-Liouville fractional public opinion polls, 11:7268–7269 integrodifferential, 10:6628 Reversal tests for index 4:2494 Response error. See numbers. See Index Riesz-Fischer theorem, Response bias numbers 11:7283 Response perturbations, Reverse hazard, Right censoring, 2:794, 795, 7:4321 11:7269–7271 804, 14:8775 Response surface designs, Reverse Labouchere´ betting and self-consistency, 11:7232–7242 system, 1:482 11:7539–7540 9376 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Right-censoring model, R-matrix, 11:7299 Robustness Kaplan-Meier estimator, Road traffic, 14:8691 Bayesian, 1:435–438 6:3808 Robbins-Monro procedure. fix-point method, 4:2395 Ring-width index. See See Stochastic mean, median, mode Dendrochronology approximation estimation, 7:4658 Ring-width index, Robbins’ variance bound, and probability dendrochronology, 14:8957 assessment, 1:243 3:1601 Robust Bayesian analysis transformations, 14:8701, Riordan identity, 11:7284 Wald’s contributions, 8706 Risk 15:9024 Robustness in experimental financial time series, Robust distance. See Robust design, 11:7342–7344 4:2317 regression, positive Robust procedure, Risk, consumer’s. See breakdown in 11:7299 Consumer’s risk Robust elliptic plot (relplot), Robust regression, Risk, producer’s. See 1:655 11:7314–7316 Producer’s risk Robust estimation, positive breakdown in, Risk analysis 11:7299–7304 11:7316–7327 rare-event, 10:6946–6951 and adaptation, 11:7304 Robust-resistant line, Risk Analysis, an Hampel’s criteria, 11:7330–7331 International Journal, 11:7300–7301 Robust restricted maximum 11:7284, 12:7838 Huber’s approach, likelihood (REML), Risk Analysis section, 11:7301–7303 11:7249 American Statistical minimum volume Robust shape analysis, Association, 1:122 estimation, 7:4837 6:3958 Risk assessment of multivariate location Robust smoothing, in banking, 1:362–363 and scatter, 11:7331–7333 Risk attitudes 11:7305–7310 Robust spline smoothing, and utility theory, 14:8928 one-sample model, 11:7333 Risk averse, 10:6951, 11:7299–7300 Robust tests for change-point 14:8928 and outlier rejection, models, 11:7334–7337 Risk factor, 10:6962 11:7304 Rodrigues’ formula, 11:7344 Risk function, 1:52, 15:9022 Wald’s contributions, Roman abacus, 1:1 distributional inference, 15:9024 Romanovskii, V. I., 11:7345 3:1789 Robustification Romanovskii R-test, Wald’s contributions, empirical, 3:1988–1989 11:7344–7345 15:9019, 9022 and robust substitutes, Room’s squares, Risk loving, 14:8928 11:7338–7341 11:7345–7347 Risk management, statistics Robustification and robust uniform design using, of, 11:7284–7289 substitutes, 14:8845 Risk measurement, 11:7338–7341 Rootagon, 11:7347 foundations of, Robust inference Rootistic distribution, 11:7291–7294 for linear calibration, 2:699 11:7347 Risk neutral, 10:6951, transition (Markov) Root mean square, 11:7347 14:8928 models, 14:8714 Root mean square deviation Risk premiums, 14:8824 Robust inspection sampling (RMSD), 11:7347–7348 Risk prone, 10:6951 plans, 11:7311–7313 Rootogram. See Graphical Risk ratio Robust kernel smoothing, representation of data prospective studies, 11:7331–7333 Roots, 11:7348–7349 10:6581–6582 Robust location and scatter Rose diagram. See Risk theory, 11:7294–7298 estimates, 11:7305 Directional data Risk unbiased, 14:8821 Robust multivariate analysis analysis Risky outcomes, risk computer-intensive Rosenblatt-Parzen measurement, 11:7292 method, 2:1149 estimator, 3:1615 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9377

Rosenthal’s inequality Wargentin’s contributions, Run of Laspeyres price and martingales, 7:4572 15:9036 index, 9:5900 Rosenthal’s moment Royal Statistical Society, Run of Laspeyres quantity inequality, 8:4943 11:7368–7370 index, 9:5900 Rotatability index, 11:7349 Roy’s characteristic root Runs, 11:7387–7390 Rotatable designs, statistic, 11:7370–7378 longest, 2:1059–1060 11:7349–7350 rth absolute moment, multidimensional runs Rotating panels. See Panel 10:6494 test, 11:7390–7392 data; Rotation group rth ascending factorial, in multinomial trials, bias 9:6178 2:1054–1055 Rotation group bias, r-th ascending factorial waiting times for, 11:7352–7354 moment, 4:2227 2:1054–1055 Rotation groups, rth crude moment, 2:811 Runs test, multidimensional, 11:7351–7352 r-th descending factorial 11:7390–7392 Current Population moment, 4:2227 Runs tests Survey, 2:1477–1478 rth Euler number, 3:2105 multidimensional, Rotation sampling, rth Euler polynomial, 3:2105 11:7390–7392 11:7354–7357 rth midrange, 7:4769 for symmetry, Current Population rth moment, 10:6494 13:8503–8507 Survey, 2:1486 rth probability moment, Runs tests for symmetry, Rotation techniques, 10:6482 13:8504–8506 rth working frequency 11:7357–7360 Runs-up-and-down test. See moment, 10:6483 Rothamstead General Randomness, tests of R-to-one matching situation, Survey Program, Rural Carrier Survey 7:4583 15:9212 (agricultural survey), Rubin framework, for Rough, 11:7361 1:73 causation, 2:784–785, Roughness penalty, Russian abacus, 1:1 788–789 7:4640–4641 RV-coefficient, Ruin, gambler’s. See Roulette, 4:2609 11:7392–7393 Gambler’s ruin Rounded distributions, Ryan’s multiple comparison’s Rule for conviction, in 11:7361 procedure, 8:5053–5054 criminal trials, 6:4093 Ryan’s test, 8:5105–5106 Rounded measurements, Rule of sum, 11:7379 7:4684–4685 Rule of Three, 11:7379 Rounding Rule of three-fourths, Sabermetrics, 11:7394–7397 data reduction, Anscombe’s paradox, SABL program 11:7028–7029 9:5885 similar to X-11 method, Rounding lattice, 11:7361 Rule of time-shift, 1:12 15:9199 Rounding rules. See Rule space, 11:7380–7383 Saddle point approximations, Round-off error Rule strengths, 3:2119 11:7398–7401 Rounding rules, Jefferson’s Run, 11:7383–7384 Saddlepoint expansions and Adams’, 11:7362 Run lengths, tests of, asymptotic expansion, Round-off error, 11:7384–7386 1:263–264, 266 11:7362–7363 Running intersection Safe Drinking Water Act Round robin tournaments. property and risk management, See Knock-out Markvov networks, 7:4537 11:7288 tournaments; Sports Running median, St. Petersburg paradox, Route sampling, 11:7363 11:7386–7387 4:2609, 13:8318–8322 Row and column designs, Run of current-weighted St. Petersburg school of 11:7363–7367 Paasche price index, probability, 1:475, 2:864, Rowwise majorized, 7:4453 9:5900 7:4516, 13:8322–8325 Royal Commission of Run of implicit Paasche price Sakata-White breakdown Tabulation (Sweden) index, 9:5900 point, 1:667, 668 9378 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Salem singular distributions, Sample sequence, 10:6515 acceptance sampling, 1:23, 11:7402 Sample size 25 Sales clinical trials, 2:985–986, engineering statistics Bayesian forecasting, 992–993 applications, 3:1990 1:401 cluster randomization, Sampling inspection of bulk Sales and Inventories Report, 2:1013–1014 material 14:8914 informative and predictive, for quality control, Salt 11:7407–7409 10:6685 crystals, 2:1459 Sample size determination, Sampling inspection plans, Salvan test for normality, 11:7405–7407 10:6681–6682 8:5667–5668 Sample size reassessment Sampling Methods for Samaranayake-Bain flexible designs, Censuses and Surveys variance component 4:2400–2401 (Yates), 15:9212 confidence interval Sample space, 10:6481, 6493, Sampling optimization, procedure, 14:8965 11:7409 Schneeberger’s, Same order bias estimators, Sample surveys. See Survey 11:7415–7417 1:484 sampling Sampling plans, 1:504–505, Sampford-Durbin sampling. Sample variance, 11:7418–7424 See Rejective sampling 14:8973–8975. See for acceptance sampling, Sample, random. See Simple Chi-square distribution; 1:23 random sample Standard deviation Sampling scheme, 11:7425 Sample autocorrelation. See Sampling strategy, 1:53 Sample Winsorized variance, Serial correlation Sampling survey. See Survey 14:8767 Sample biases sampling Sampling public opinion polls, Sampling Techniques public opinion polls, 10:6628 (Cochran), 2:1027 10:6627–6628 Sample binomial proportion, Sampling theory with for quality concept, 1:519 dependent observations, 10:6674 Sample Bonferroni curve, asymptotic, Samplingbyrows 2:1182 11:7426–7428 measures of association Sample Bonferroni index, Sampling to a foregone for, 1:248–249 2:1182 conclusion, 11:7428 Sample covariance matrix, Sampling distribution, Sampling window (bootstrap) 15:9186 11:7409 method, 1:627 Sample design, 10:6509 Sampling distributions of Sampling without recall. See Sample generalized quadratic forms from Decision theory variance, 15:9187 normal populations, Sampling without Sample mean, 7:4657 10:6657–6658 replacement, 11:7429 admissibility as estimator Sampling error Sampling zeros, 11:7429 of population mean, 1:55 computation of, Samuelson, Paul, 14:8824 Sample mean deviation, 11:7409–7414 Samuelson-Nair inequality, 7:4655–4656 Yates-Durbin for 11:7429–7430 Sample mean vector, 15:9186 estimating for Samuelson’s inequality. See Sample median, 7:4657 multistage designs, Samuelson-Nair Sample moment ratios, 15:9210–9211 inequality 8:4947 Sampling frame, 11:7415 S-Ancillary statistic, Sample path, 10:6515 Sampling from a finite 2:1193 Sample principle population Sandwich estimators, components, 8:5150 inequalities for, 10:6475 11:7431 Sample reuse, 2:1454, Sampling inspection. See transition (Markov) 11:7402–7404 also Quality control, models, 14:8714 Sample selection statistical; Sampling Sandwich variance differentials, 11:7526 plans estimator, 11:7431 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9379

San Francisco Savage-Dickey density ratio, Scattergram. See Triple HIV transmission among 11:7439–7440 scatter plot homosexual population, Savage scores, 11:7445 Scatter plot, triple. See 1:93–95, 97 rank statistic, 10:6923 Triple scatter plot Sanghvi’s distance, 11:7432 Savage score trend tests, Scatter plots Sanghvi’s index, 11:7432 14:8749 in CART, 14:8720, 8721 Sankhya, the Indian Journal Savage’s density ratio, Scedastic curve, 11:7472 of Statistics, 11:7440 Scedastic function, 11:7472 11:7432–7433 Savage test, 11:7445–7448 Schafer-Sheffield comparison Sanov inequality, 11:7433 Savage test, sequential, test for Weibull Sanov’s problem, 8:5190 11:7449 populations, Santa Clara County cloud SAVE, 11:7449 15:9097–9098 seeding studies, 15:9079 SB, SL, SN, SU, SIJ Schauder system, 1:670 Sargan, John Denis, distributions. See Scheduling 11:7434–7436 Johnson’s system of marketing decisions in Sargan distributions, distributions surveys, 7:4499 11:7434 Scalar strings, 12:8009 Scheffe,´ Henry, SAS Intelligence Platform, Scale, Capon test of, 11:7472–7474 12:8085 11:7449–7451 Scheffe’s´ method, 8:5104 SAS package Scale-dependent, continuum Scheffe’s´ simultaneous ARCH models included, regression, 2:1343 comparison procedure, 1:212 Scaled total time on test 12:7746–7747 cluster analysis, 2:1001 plots, 14:8675 use with Andrews function conditioning diagnostics, Scaled total time on test plots, 1:158 2:1240 transform, 14:8675, 8678 Scheffe´ variance component detailed description, Scale families, 7:4352 confidence interval 12:8084, 8085–8087 Scale parameter, 7:4352, procedure, 14:8965 Fisher’s exact and 11:7452, 15:9126 Scheidegger model, in Barnard’s tests, 4:2353 Scale parameter model landform development, includes Ward’s clustering equivariant estimators, 10:6805 algorithm, 15:9034 3:2047 Scheidegger-Watson multivariate analysis Scale problem distribution, 11:7474 available in, 8:5143 grouped data test statistic, and girdle distributions, unimodal regression 10:6937–6938 4:2858 included, 14:8871 Scale swindle, 8:4987 Schematic plot. See Notched Satellite imagery Scale tests, 11:7451–7457 box-and-whisker plot use in agricultural Ansari-Bradley, 11:7458 Scheme for an Economic surveys, 1:79–80 Barton-David, Census of India, A Satterthwaite’s 11:7458–7459 (Bowley and Robertson), approximation to Siegel-Tukey, 1:635 degrees of freedom, 11:7459–7460 Schnabel census, 2:745–746, 3:1570–1572 Talwar-Gentle, 11:7460 750 Saturated designs, Scaling invariance Schneeberger’s sampling 11:7437–7439 rainfall, 10:6797 optimization, Saturated main effect plans, Scandanavian Journal of 11:7415–7417 7:4446 Statistics, 11:7462–7463 Schoener’s index of Savage, I. Richard, Scan diagrams, proportional similarity. 11:7440–7442 11:7461–7462 See Multinomial Savage, Leonard J., Scan statistics and populations, index of 11:7443–7444 applications, proportional similarity and axioms of probability, 11:7463–7469 Schonemann product rule. 1:330 Scatter function, 2:1181 See Matrix derivatives 9380 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Schonemann’s¨ theorem for Score statistics, Season principal components, 11:7494–7497 epidemiological statistics, 10:6407 higher-order asymptotics, 3:2018 Schools and Staffing Survey, 1:288 Seasonal adjustment 14:8910 and Wald’s W-statistics, Current Population Schrodinger’s¨ equation, 15:9028 Survey, 2:1488 10:6728 Scoring, method of, 6:3716 and quality, 10:6675 and functional integratuib, Scoring rules, 11:7498 Seasonal ARIMA models, 10:6739–6740 elicitation evaluation, 1:312–313 Schur convexity 3:1901 Seasonal component and polarization, 9:6221 for probability assessment, ARIMA models address, Schur decomposition. See 1:242 1:310–311 Linear algebra, and well-calibrated Seasonal factors, in X-11 computational forecasts, 15:9133 method, 15:9198 Schur function. See Scoring systems in sports. Seasonality, 11:7511–7515 Majorization and Schur See Sports, scoring Edwards’ test for, convexity systems in 11:7515–7516 Schur inequality, 11:7474 Scotland Seasonal unit-root tests, Schur product, 3:1896, heart disease 14:8883 11:7474 epidemiological Seasonal variation, in X-11 Schuster periodogram. See statistics, 3:2025 method, 15:9198 Periodogram analysis Seasonal variations Institute of Schutzenberger¨ inequality, in time series, 14:8726 Actuaries/Faculty of 11:7475 Seats allocated in each U.S. Actuaries in, 5:3547 Schwarz inequality. See census Scott, Elizabeth Leonard, Cauchy-Schwarz U.S. House of 11:7499 inequality Representatives, Scott’s coefficient of Schwarz information 14:8904–8907 intercoder agreement, criterion for model Secant method. See 5:3588–3589 selection, 8:4928 Newton-Raphson Scrabble, 4:2613 Schweppe-type estimators, method for linear regression, Screening, 3:1861 Sech-square(d) distribution, 6:4259–4260 Screening by correlated 7:4372 Scientific method and variates, 11:7499–7502 Secondary data, 11:7516 statistics, 11:7476–7485 Screening designs, Second factorial moment, Scope, of census, 2:806–807 11:7503–7504 4:2748 Scorecards, for bank loan uniformity, 14:8849 Second moment measure, risk assessment, Scriblerus Club, 1:204 9:6185 1:363–364 Strictly proper Second-order autoregressive Score function method, Brier weather forecasting ARMA model, 1:320 11:7488–7494 score, 15:9072 Second-order deficiency, Score functions Epstein weather 3:1882 estimation in restricted forecasting scoring rule, Second-order divided parameter spaces, 15:9073 differences, 4:2327 3:2073–2074 Sealed envelope technique, Second-order efficiency, quantile process, 11:7504 3:1881–1884 10:6713 Search algorithm, learning Second-order Score interval, 1:506 models, 1:430 exchangeability, in Scores Search theory, Bayes linear analysis, psychological testing, 11:7504–7509 1:390–391 10:6610 Searls’ estimators of mean, Second-order informative rank tests, 10:6934 7:4666–4667 sample size, 11:7408 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9381

Second-order local ancillary Selected Papers of M.S. Self-consistent estimators, statistics, 1:147 Bartlett, 1:370 6:3804, 11:7542, 7546 Second-order moving Selection bias, 1:483, Self-consistent points, average ARMA model, 11:7524–7526 10:6411–6412, 11:7543 1:320 Selection differentials, Self-correcting process, Second-order process, 11:7526–7528 11:7546 10:6515 Selection models Self-decomposable Second-order reciprocal and missing data, 7:4860 distribution, 12:7702 differences, 10:6989 Selection problem, 11:7529 Self-decomposable Second-order stationary Selection procedures, distributions, process, 12:7991 11:7528–7535 11:7546–7547 Second symmetric difference, Selection sequences, Self-delimiting machines, 13:8495 14:8725–8726 2:1130 Second variable mean Selective effects analysis of Self-enumeration, 11:7547, difference, 13:8407 variance of 14:8914 Second variable mean square multifactorial Self information, 6:3737 difference, 13:8407 experiment Self-reciprocal distributions, Secretary problem, selective inference, 11:7547 11:7516–7518 11:7538 Self-response rule, Current Sector chart. See Pie chart Selective indifference Population Survey, Sector diagram. See Pie procedure 2:1487 Self-selected samples, chart ranking and selection 11:7547–7548 Secular life tables, 6:4156 procedures, 10:6911 Self-similarity parameter, Secular trend. See trend Selective inference, 7:4417 Sedyakin’s physical principle 11:7535–7538 Self-similar processes, in reliability model Selective least squares. See 4:2474, 11:7549–7552 and accelerated life Regression variables, Self-similar sets, 4:2474 testing, 1:11–12 selection of Self-weighting sample, Seed, for pseudo-random Selective probability matrix, 10:6488 number generator, 7:4661, 10:6904 Semantics, 10:6456–6457 Selective procedures. See 10:6593 Semi-Bayesian inference. See Seemingly unrelated Regression variables, Quasi-Bayesian regression, selection of inference 11:7519–7521 Selective sampling. See Semi-definite programming, Zellner estimator, Representative sampling 11:7553–7561 11:7522–7523 Select life tables, Semi-dissipative and Segments, in area sampling, 11:7523–7524 non-dissipative Markov 1:228 Selector statistics chains, 11:7563–7564 Se-Gosh rules, 2:1256 use in adaptive methods, Semigraphoid model, 2:1194 Seismograms. See 1:37–40 Semi-independence, 11:7564 Earthquakes, statistics Self-adjoint matrices, Semi-infinite programming, of 7:4597–4598 11:7565–7571 Seismology Self-affine set, 4:2475 Semi-interquartile range, random fields, 10:6825 Self-affinity, 4:2475 10:6743 wavelet application, Self-consistency, Semi-invariance property, 15:9042 11:7538–7544 4:2367 Selberg’s inequalities, Self-consistency algorithm, Semi-invariants, 2:1462 11:7523 11:7539 Semi-inverse, 11:7573 Selected comparisons Self-consistent curve, Semi-Latin squares, between means 10:6401–6402, 11:7543 11:7573, 14:8771 selective inference, Self-consistent estimates, Semilognormal distribution, 11:7537 11:7539 11:7573–7574 9382 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Semi-Markov processes, comparisons-I; Multiple simultaneous testing, 7:4557, 11:7574–7578 decision procedures 12:7749–7750 aging first-passage times, Sequen, 2:1354–1357 Sequential Monte Carlo 1:65 Sequence comparison methods, 12:7626–7629 event history analysis, statistics, 11:7603–7605 Sequential multiple 3:2111–2112 Sequence dating, in comparison procedures, Semimartingales archaeology, 1:219, 220 8:5104 absolute continuity of Sequences Sequential objective analysis probability measures, coincidences and patterns atmospheric statistics, 1:8 in, 2:1053–1056 1:293 Semi-midmeans, longest increasing Sequential order statistics, 11:7578–7579 subsequence, 12:7629–7633 Semiparametric estimation 2:1067–1068 Sequential point estimation, event history analysis, in multinomial trials, 12:7642 3:2110 2:1054–1055 Sequential probability ratio Semiparametric maximum Sequential analysis, test, 12:7644 likelihood estimation 11:7605–7613 clinical trials, 2:987 mixing distributions, and change-point analysis, for signal detecion, 2:1095 7:4893 2:832 variable-sample-size Semi-parametric models, Kiefer-Weiss problem in, sequential probability 11:7579–7581 11:7615 ratio test compared, Wald-Hoeffding inequality, Semiparametric regression 14:8946, 8951 11:7615–7616 model, 14:8842 Wald’s contributions, and weak convergence, Semiparametrics, 15:9023 15:9065 11:7581–7591 Sequential procedures Sequential analysis, 11:7613, Semi-pie diagram, 11:7594 adaptive, 12:7634–7638 7614–7615 Semisystematic errors, Jirina,ˇ 12:7639–7640 ‘‘Sequential analysis is a 11:7594–7595 Sequential rank estimators, hoax’’ (Anscombe), 1:175 Semitabular form, 11:7596 12:7641–7643 Sequential censored rank Semivariance, 11:7596–7597 Sequential rank order order statistics, 10:6931 Semivariogram, 14:8993 statistics, 10:6930–6931 Sequential chi-squared test, Sensitive question. See 11:7616 Sequential rejective Randomized response Sequential continuity index, Bonferroni procedure. Sensitivity analysis. See 14:8924 See Simultaneous Influence functions; Sequential decision testing Linear programming; problems, 3:1565 Sequential sampling, Robustness Sequential estimation, 12:7644–7646 Sensitivity and specificity, 11:7617–7622 Wald’s contributions, 11:7597–7599 Sequential estimation of the 15:9019, 9027 Sensitivity curve, 11:7599 mean in finite Sequential sampling plans, Sensitivity function, 10:6621 populations, 1:24 Sensory difference test, 12:7623–7625 Sequential Savage test, 14:8754 Sequential importance 11:7449 Separable space, sampling (SIS), Sequential testing problem, 11:7600–7602 2:1167–1168 14:8946 Separable statistic, 11:7602 for structure from motion Sequential tests D-Separation criterion, 1:427 (SfM) problem, average sample number, Separation of means. See 2:1171–1172 1:323 k-ratio t-tests, Sequential life testing, Bhate’s conjecture, t-intervals, and point 6:4163–4164 12:7647 estimates for multiple Sequentially rejective use in medical diagnostics, comparisons; Multiple Bonferroni procedure 7:4717 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9383

for Weibull process Sets, 1:328 Shape statistics, godness of fit, fractal dimensions, 12:7677–7679 15:9101–9102 4:2465–2466 Shapiro-Wilk test Sequential T2 test, union, 14:8875 D’Agostino test compared, 12:7646–7647 Setwise dependence, 13:8584 Serfling-Wackerly theorem, 12:7670–7672 Z-test compared, 15:9231 2:1257 Seven-magnitude Shapiro-Wilk W statistics, Serial correlation, distribution, structure 12:7679–7680 12:7647–7651, 14:8880 invariants in x-ray Sharpe and Lotka model. See Durbin-Watson test for, crystallography, Population, 12:7651–7653 15:9202–9206 mathematical theory of Serial correlation function, Several-parameter Sharpening data, 12:7681 12:7649–7650, 7653 hypothesis testing, Sharp null hypothesis, Serial covariance function, 5:3299–3300 12:7683–7685 12:7653 Several-sample Van Valen’s Sheffer functions, 12:7686 Serial dependence, test, 14:8941–8942 Sheffer polynomials, 12:7653–7655 Severity distribution, 2:1031 12:7686–7689 Serial tests of randomness, Sex Sheffer sequence, 12:7686 12:7655 predicting with bones, Sheppard’s correction, 1:499 Serial variation. See Serial 1:179 Sheppard ’s formula, 12:7690 correlation; Successive Sextile, 12:7672 Sherman distribution, differences Sextiles, 9:6054 12:7690 Seriation, 12:7656–7661 Sexual Behavior in the Sherman-Morrison- in archaeology, 1:217, American Male (Kinsey), Woodbury formula, 218–220, 222 14:8780 7:4612. See Matrix Series expansions, Sgravesande, William J., inversion lemma 4:2518 12:7672–7674 Sherman test statistic. See Series expansions and Shackle’s potential surprise, Sherman distribution computations of 13:8455 Shewhart, Walter Andrew, distribution functions, Shanmugan numbers, 12:7691–7693 10:6658–6659 12:7674–7675 contributions to control Series structures flowgraph models for, Shannon, Claude Elwood, charts, 2:1346 4:2414 12:7675–7676 Shewhart charts, 2:1346. See Series system, 2:1042 Shannon entropy, 1:104, also Control charts; Series system reliability 10:6944 Quality control, Lindstrom-Madden and polarization, 9:6221 statistical method for, Shannon index, 10:6544 described, 2:1347–1350 12:7662–7663 Shannon information factors for limits on, 2:1349 Mann-Grubbs method for, and optimal Bayesian feedforward-feedback 12:7663–7664 experimental design, control schemes, 4:2275 Serra’s calculus, 12:7666 1:397 mean-shift detection Serviceability, 12:7667 Shannon’s inequality, procedure, 7:4668–4670 Service Annual Survey, 12:7676–7677 for quality control, 10:6679 14:8913 Shannon theorem. See risk management S-estimators, 12:7667–7670 Information theory and applications, 11:7289 S-estimators for regression, coding theory Shewhart principle, 12:7667–7669 Shannon-Wiener index, 12:7690–7691 S-estimators of multivariate 3:1802 Shift, test for. See Mean location and scatter, Shape-factors, 8:4947 slippage problems 12:7669–7670 Shape parameter, 15:9126 Shifted histograms, 1:324 Set of states of nature, Weiss-type estimators of, Shift invariant operators, 1:276 15:9125–9126 9:6314 9384 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Shift model. See Siegel’s formula for history and logic of, Location-scale multinormal 12:7721–7724 parameter distribution, 8:5047 Significant figure, 12:7725 Shifts of origin, 10:6653 Siegel’s test of periodicity. Sign reverse regular function Shift transformation, 3:2050 See Periodogram of order k, 12:7961 Shingling, in trellis displays, analysis Sign test for median, 14:8722, 8724–8725 Siegel-Tukey scale test, 12:7727–7728 Shiryayev-Roberts procedure 11:7459–7460 Sign test for median mean-shift detection Sierpinski gasket, 4:2475, difference, procedure, 7:4673–4676 2476 12:7727–7728 Shock models, 12:7694–7696 Sieve analysis Sign test for trend, 12:7728 wear, 15:9069–9071 weighted distributions for, Sign tests, 12:7726–7729 Shorack estimators, 12:7698 15:9109 Sign test trend tests, 14:8750 Shore approximations, Sieves, method of, Signum function, 12:7730 12:7699 12:7708–7710 Silver iodide cloud seeding, Short Account of England’s Sigma-field. See Measure 15:9074, 9078 Foreign Trade in the theory in probability and Simes’ intersection testing Nineteenth Century, A statistics procedure, 8:5087–5088 (Bowley), 1:634 Sigma isochron, 12:7711 Simes’ test of multiple Short bivariate discrete Sigma lattice, 3:1607–1608 hypotheses, distributions, 1:594 Sigma restriction, 12:7711 8:5087–5090 Short Book Reviews, 1:468 Similarity, dissimilarity and Signal detection, Shortcomings, of a test, distance, measures of, 2:1093–1096 8:5002 12:7730–7737 Signal detection theory, Shortcut methods, 12:7699 Similarity between pairs of 10:6621–6622 Short data, 15:9067, 9068 samples, 12:7731–7735 Signal-noise interpretation Shorter confidence region, Similarity between correlation curves, 2:1389 2:1250 populations, Signal processing Shorth, 12:7699 12:7735–77357 selection approach in, Short-term variability Similarity dimension, 12:7711–7715 and control charts, 2:1346 4:2466, 2475 wavelet application, Shot-noise distributions, Similarity measures, 12:7701–7703 15:9042 12:7730–7737 Shot-noise processes and Signal-to-noise ratio. See in archaeology, 1:219 distributions, Communication theory, Similar matrices, 12:7738 12:7699–7703 statistical Similar regions, 2:1249 Shovelton’s formula, 12:7703 Signal tracking. See Similar regions and tests, Shrimp studies Forecasting 12:7738 adaptive sampling Signed-rank statistics, Similar tests, 12:7738 application, 1:41 12:7716–7720 Similar triplets, birthday Shrinkage estimators, Signed-rank test with problem, 2:1062–1063 12:7704–7706 ranked-set sampling, Simple adjusted pixel count SIAM journals, 12:7707 12:7720–7721 estimator, 2:1441–1442 Sichel compound Significance level, Simple asymmetric random distribution, 6:4131–4132. See also walk, 6:3935 9:6195–6197 Hypothesis testing; Simple expansion, Sidˇ ak-Scott-Kharti´ Significance tests, 12:7738–7739 inequality, 12:7707 history and logic of Simple expansion method, and Bonferroni Significance probability, 12:7739 inequalities, 1:621, 622 12:7749. See P-values Simple exponential Sideward growth, in Significance tests smoothing landform development, Arbuthnot’s contributions, business forecasting, 1:685 10:6804 1:205–206 Simple gamble, 2:1209 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9385

Simple hypothesis, 12:7739 applied probability Single recapture, for closed Simple indicator kriging, studies, 1:189 population, 2:743–745 6:3894 Bayesian forecasting, Single-sampling plans, Simple Markov processes, 1:407 10:6682 7:4552–4553 Simulation models, Single-server queue. See also Simple n-person game, validation of, Queueing theory 12:7739 12:7744–7746 and ballot problems, 1:356 Simple queues, Simultaneous comparison Single-stage cluster sample 10:6774–6775 procedure, Scheffe’s,´ intraclass correlation Simple random sampling, 12:7746–7747 coefficient, 6:3643 12:7740–7741 Simultaneous confidence Single-stage simultaneous Simple random sampling intervals, 12:7748 testing, 12:7750–7751 plan, 4:2330 Simultaneous equations Singleton outcome, 14:8957 Simple random sampling model, 14:8803 Singular distribution. See with replacement Simultaneous estimation Degenerate distribution mean reciprocal values, Wald’s contributions, Singular matrix, 10:6921, 7:4662 15:9024 12:7759 Simple relaxation, 11:7556 Simultaneous inference. See Singular normal Simple return, 4:2316 Multiple comparisons, distributions. See Simple-scaling, 10:6798, simultaneous confidence Degenerate 6811 intervals distributions; Simplex design. See Mixture Simultaneous Pitman Multivariate normal experiments closeness, 9:6134 distributions Simplex method. See also Simultaneous testing, Singular value Nelder-Mead simplex 12:7748–7753 decomposition, method Simultaneous test 12:7759–7760 and mathematical procedures, chemometrics application, programming, 7:4594 8:5104–5105 2:873 in mixture data analysis, Newman-Keuls, total least squares solution 7:4872–4875 12:7754–7755 by, 14:8661, 8662 Simplifying hypotheses, Simultaneous inference Singular weighing designs, 12:7683 SIMPLS, 2:1344 isotonic inference, 15:9104 Simpson, John 6:3708–3709 Singular Wishart contributions to medicine, SINDSCAL, 10:6584 distribution, 15:9185 7:4719 Singh-Maddala distribution, Sinusoidal limit theorem, Simpson index, 3:1802, 12:7755 12:7760–7761 10:6544 Single ascertainment, 1:235 SIS-Bulletin, 6:3715 Simpson index of diversity Single-censored data, 2:795 SIS-Information, 6:3715 and polarization, 9:6221 Single-humped curve. See Size and shape analysis, Simpson’s distribution, Unimodality 12:7762–7769 12:7742 Single linkage clustering, Size-biased distribution, Simpson’s paradox, 4:2236, 2:970, 1006 15:9107 8:5024 Single pathway models, of Size-biased sampling, Simpson’s rule, 12:7743 carcinogenesis, 15:9107 Simulated annealing, 2:704–706 Size-biased version, 12:7743–7744 Single-peakedness and weighted distributions, Simulated test market, median voters, 15:9107 7:4507 12:7756–7759 Size-frequency relation, Simulation. See also Markov Single-peaked preferences, 15:9223 chains; Monte Carlo 12:7756 Skandinavisk methods Single-pulse detection, Aktuarietidskrift, account balances, 1:299 2:1104–1105 11:7462 9386 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Skeptics (ancient Greek Sliced average variance Smith-Bain lifetime philosophical school), estimation (SAVE), distribution, 12:7807 10:6651 11:7449 Smith’s test of independence Skew correlation, Sliced inverse regression, in contingency tables, 2:1388–1389 12:7790–7793 12:7807 Skewed distributions. See suitable for uniform Smoke-based cloud seeding, Kapteyn distributions design, 14:8847 15:9074 Skewed to the right, Slice of the Universe, 1:255 Smoking 7:4659–4660 Slicing, 12:7794 age-standard death rates, Skewness Slippage parameter, 12:7794 3:2021 approximations to Slippage test, 7:4677 as causative factor in lung distributions, 1:193, 196 Slope, estimation of. See cancer, 2:780–781 Bowley’s measure of, Regression (various Community Intervention 12:7771–7773 entries) Trial for Smoking concepts and measures, Slutsky effect. See Sinusoidal Cessation (COMMIT), 12:7773–7779 limit theorem 2:1010 measures of, 12:7780 Slutsky-Frechet´ theorem, and Cornfield’s lemma, Skewness measures of, 12:7797 2:1369 12:7780 Slutsky (Slutskii), Evgenii death-rate correlation Skew-normal family of Evgenievich, coefficients for certain distributions, 12:7794–7796 factors, 3:2027 12:7780–7784 SMACOF-1B program, epidemiological statistics, Skew regression. See 8:5029, 5030, 5031, 3:2016, 2018, 2020–2023 Nonlinear regression 5032, 5033–5034 factor in Framingham Skew-symmetric matrix, characteristics, 8:5034 study, 4:2499 12:7785 SMACOF-III program heart disease Skin cancer, 2:706 unfolding, 14:8834 epidemiological human radiation hazards, Small area estimation, statistics, 3:2025 3:2018 12:7797–7802 prospective studies, Skip-lot sampling plans, Small Area Income and 10:6580 1:25, 12:7785 Poverty Estimates Smooth, 12:7808 Skipping, 12:7785–7786 Porgram, 14:8910 Smoothing, 8:5005. See also Skitovitch-Darmois theorem. Small-σ-asymptotics, Graduation; See Darmois-Skitovitch 1:641–642 Interpolation; Moving theorem Smallest extreme value averages; Summation Skorohod embeddings, model and bandwidth selection, 12:7786–7787 Savage test for, 11:7446 1:360 Skorokhod representation Small mesoscale areas, of and binning, 1:499–500 for martingales, rainfall fields, 10:6798 and curve fitting, 2:1502 7:4572–4573 Smallpox methods suitable for Slantedness, 12:7787–7788 urn model studies, uniform design, 14:8847 Slanted probability, 12:7788 14:8897–8899 twicing, 14:8788 Slanted to the right Smartingale, 7:4570 Smoothing, kernel method. distribution, Smear-and-sweep, See Density estimation 12:7787–7788 12:7803–7805 Smoothing constant, 1:685 Slash distribution, 12:7789 Smelting, 12:7805 Smoothing parameter Slash family of error Smirnov, Nikolai (window width), 15:9182 distributions, 2:1260 Visil’yevich, Smoothing splines, Slater’s condition, 11:7555 12:7805–7806 12:7941–7943 Slepian process, Smirnov tests. See tensor product, 12:7945 12:7789–7790 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Smoothness priors, Slepian’s inequality, 12:7790 test, three-sample 12:7808–7814 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9387

Snedecor, George Waddel, Societies and Associations and event history analysis, 12:7815–7817 (Main articles only.) 3:2108 Snedecor distribution. See American Society for lognormalusefulfor, F-distribution Quality (ASQ), 7:4397 Snowball sampling, 1:121–122 Markov process 12:7817–7822 American Statistical applications, 7:4557 Snowflakes, 12:7822–7823 Association, 1:122–124 Sociometric tests, Sobolev spaces, Bernoulli Society, 12:7845–7846 12:7824–7825 1:467–468 Sociometry, 12:7845–7847 Social Indicators Data Set Biometric Society, Socket, in repairable (UN), 14:8876 5:3591–3593 systems, 11:7155 Social network analysis, French Statistical Society, Soft independent modeling of 12:7826–7827 4:2516–2517 class analogy (SIMCA), Social Science Research International Biometrics 2:873–874 Council Society, 1:550, Softmax network American Statistical 5:3591–3593 classification applications, Association represented International Chinese 2:978 in, 1:123 Statistical Association, Soft modeling. See Partial Social sciences 5:3593–3594 least squares applied probability, Italian Society of Software, statistical. See 1:187–188 Statistics, 6:3712–3715 Statistical software coefficient of uncertainty Software Quality New Zealand Statistical used, 14:8823 Professional, 1:121 Association, cycles, 2:1509 Software reliability, 8:5477–5478 Social Security 12:7848–7858 Pattern Recognition Administration SOI Bulletin, 12:8147 Society, 9:6023 record linkage and Soil particle size studies, in Royal Statistical Society, matching systems, archaeology, 1:222 11:7368–7370 10:6991, 6993–6994 Sojourn time, 12:7861–7862 Society for Risk Analysis, Social security statistics, Solution matrix, 12:7837–7838 12:7827–7831 12:7862 Statistical Society of Social statistics, Some Limit Theorems in 12:7831–7835 Australia, 12:8081–8084 Statistics (Bahadur), Social Statistics section, Time Series Analysis and 1:346 American Statistical Forecasting Society, Some Rapid Approximate Association, 1:122 13:8623–8625 Statistical Procedures Social welfare ordering of Societies and organizations, (Wilcoxon and Wilcox), income distribution statistical, 12:7837 15:9149 Lorenz curve application, Society for Risk Analysis, Somers’ d, 12:7862 7:4423–4424 11:7284, 12:7837–7838 Somerville’s multiple range Sociedad Espanola de Society of Actuaries subset selection Estad´ıstica e American Statistical procedure, 12:7862 Investigacion´ Operativo Association joint Sometimes-pool predictor, (SEIO), 13:8573, 14:8659 sponsorship of activities, 9:6273 Societ´ a` Italiana di Statistica, 1:123 Sophomore jinx, 4:2237 6:3712 Society of American Baseball SOR method. See Societ´ edeStatistiquede´ Research, The (SABR), Gauss-Seidel iteration France, 4:2516 11:7397 Source of variation, ANOVA Societ´ edeStatistiquede´ Socioeconomic time series table column, 1:173 Paris, 4:2516 trend, 14:8726 Sources, landform model, Societ´ eFranc´ ¸aise de Sociology, 12:7838–7844 10:6800 Statistique, La, 4:2516, catastrophe theory Sources of inaccuracy, 11:7272 application, 2:761 10:6673–6674 9388 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

South Africa Spatial data analysis, as measure of association, transferable vote system 12:7878–78781 1:258–259 used in, 3:1893 galaxy clustering, as rank test, 10:6934 South African Statistical 1:254–255 Spearman’s footrule, 12:7905 Association, 12:7863 Spatial distributions. See Spearman’s foot-rule South African Statistical Spatial processes coefficient, 12:7906 Journal, 12:7863 Spatial epidemiology, Spearman’s rho South America 12:7882–7885 rank correlation HIV spread in, 1:91 Spatial independence, coefficients, 2:1378 Southeast Asia Cliff-Ord test of, Ulam’s metric compared, aquaculture, 4:2339 12:7885–7888 14:8811 Soybeans Spatial median, weighted correlation, agricultural surveys, 1:77 12:7888–7889 2:1392 Space, probability. See Spatial pattern analysis Special exponential families, Metrics and distances on weighted distribution 12:7906 probability spaces application, 15:9111 Specialized Mortality Space, sample. See Sample Spatial processes, Investigation, 1:28 space 12:7889–7894 Special occupancy Space, separable. See Spatial rainfall, distribution Separable space 10:6798–6799 Arfwedson distribution, Space-filling designs, Spatial randomness, 1:231 Hopkins-Rotondi tests 14:8842 Special population of, 12:7895–7896 Space of elementary events, prospective studies, Spatial sampling, 10:6481 10:6580 12:7897–7900 Space statistics, 14:8825 Special quartic terms, 7:4874 Spatial scan statistics, Space-time autoregressive mixture data analysis, 11:7469 model (STAR) 7:4874–4875 Spatial statistics atmospheric statistics, Special trade, 4:2437 Bayesian forecasting, 1:294 Species, richness of. See 1:401 Spacings, 12:7863–7866 Diversity index Spatial streamflow, Spacings, linear Species abundance 10:6808–6809 combinations of, Spatio-temporal modeling weighted distribution 12:7866–7874 biogeography, 1:546–547 application, 15:9111 Spacings, maximum product Spearman, C. Species deletion property, of, 7:4648–4651 contributions to 3:2132 Spacing statistics multivariate analysis, Species diversity tests of uniformity, 8:5143 weighted distribution 14:8861 Spearman, Charles Edward, application, 15:9111 Span, 3:2185 12:7900–7901 Species estimation and Spanish Statistical and Spearman-Brown formula, applications, Operations Research 10:6610. See Group 12:7907–7914 Society (SEIO), 13:8573, testing Species inequitability 14:8659 Spearman correlation weighted distribution Span tests, 12:7875 coefficients, differences application, 15:9111 Sparsity function between, 12:7901–7902 Species richness index, quantile processes, Spearman estimators. See 10:6544 10:6710 Karber¨ method Specification, predictor. See Spatial aggregation, 1:57–58 Spearman-Karber¨ estimators Predictor specification Spatial autocorrelation bioassay application, 1:533 Specification limits, 14:8644 coefficient, Moran’s, Spearman rank correlation Specific factors 12:7875–7878 coefficient, in factor analysis, 8:5151, Spatial bootstrap, 1:626–627 12:7903–7904 5152 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9389

Specificity, 11:7597–7599, Speech processing Spline functions, 12:7916 hidden Markov models 12:7939–7949 Specific variance application, 7:4531 approximations to in factor analysis, 8:5152 Speed-flow relations, in distributions, 1:194 Specimen Theoriae Novae de traffic control, 14:8692 curve fitting, 2:1503 Mensura Sortis (Daniel Speeds, in traffic, Splines for nonparametric Bernoulli), 1:471 14:8691–8692 regression, 3:2099 Spectral analysis, SPEER, 3:1866 Splines with linear equality 12:7916–7919 Spencer’s graduation restraints, 12:7948 Bayesian forecasting, formula, 12:7920–7921 Split-plot designs. See also 1:401 Spencer’s 21-point formula Repeated measurements data editing applications, wave-cutting index, analysis of covariance, 3:1862 15:9042 1:127 finance applications, Sphere use in animal studies, 4:2314 tests of uniformity on, 1:162 Spectral decomposition, 14:8862–8863 Split-plot situations 12:7920 Sphere packing, emphasis of key Spectral density. See 12:7921–7924 experimental design Spectral analysis Spherical and elliptical texts on, 3:1671t time series, 2:1511 symmetry, tests of, S-PLUS package, 14:8686 and weak stationarity, 12:7924–7930 detailed description, 15:9069 Spherical Bessel functions, 12:8084, 8088–8089 Spectral density estimation, 1:478 multivariate analysis 3:1620 Spherical distributions. See available in, 8:5143 and window width, Directional distributions trellis displays included, 15:9182 Spherical median, 14:8721–8722, 8726 Spectral density function 12:7930–7931 Spontaneously broken stationary point process, Spherical regression, symmetry 9:6185 12:7931–7935 lattice systems, 6:4043 Spectral distribution. See Spherical symmetry, tests of, Spontaneous magnetization, Spectral analysis 12:7924–7930 6:4043 weak stationarity, 15:9069 Sphericity, tests of, Sports Spectral estimation. See Spectral analysis 12:7936–7937 sabermetrics, Spectral function. See S&P 500 Index 11:7394–7397 Spectral analysis summary statistics, scoring systems in, Spectral kernel, 3:1620 4:2317 12:7951–7953 Spectral multiscaling, time series modeling, statistics in, 12:7953–7957 10:6799 4:2317, 2322 SPOT satellite Spectral representation Spin glasses use for agricultural stationary point process, lattice systems, 6:4044 surveys, 1:79 9:6185 Spin S Ising model, 6:4044 SPRT. See Sequential Spectral test, for Spirits analysis determining death-rate correlation SPSS package k-distributed sequences, coefficients for certain categorical data, 2:767 10:6592 factors, 3:2027 conditioning diagnostics, Spectral window, 15:9182 Spitzer-Rosen´ theorem, 2:1240 kernel estimators, 6:3839 12:7938–7939 detailed description, Spectrum Spitzer’s identity, 12:7939 12:8084, 8088 and Whittle likelihood, Spitzer theorem, 13:8535 Fisher’s exact and 15:9137 Spjøtvoll-Stoline Barnard’s tests, 4:2353 Speculative risk, risk comparisons. See multivariate analysis measurement, 11:7293 Multiple comparisons available in, 8:5143 9390 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Spurious correlation, Standard basis, 1:372 Standards. See International 10:6969, 12:7959–7960 Standard beta distribution, standardization, interpretation, 1:480–481 application of statistics 2:1382–1383 Standard bivariate normal in; National Institute of Squared error loss, 3:1563, density function, Standards and 7:4680 2:1312 Technology Squared-rank test, Standard Brownian motion, Standard Simpson’s Conover’s, 12:7961 1:672 distribution, 12:7742 Square root transformations Standard deviation, 10:6494, Standard trivariate normal variance stabilization, 12:7984–7986 density function, 14:8976–8977 approximations to 2:1312 Square wave changepoint distributions, 1:193 Stand density, forests, model, 2:843 use with control charts, 4:2452–2453 Squeeze significance tests, 2:1346 Stanford TeachWave 12:7961 Standard error, 12:7987 software, 15:9057 SRRk, 12:7961–7962 coefficient of variation with Stanine scale, 12:7989 S-shaped distributions, large samples, 2:1033 STARCH models, 1:207 14:8868 Standard Industrial Star discrepancy, 14:8842 SSR2, 12:7961–7963 Classification, 10:6520 Stars. See Snowflakes SSRk, 12:7962 Standardization, Star-shaped ordering, S-Sufficient statistic, 12:7987–7989 9:5825–5826 2:1193 Starship, 12:7989–7990 before using measures of St. Petersburg paradox, Star slopes, 12:7989 association, 1:246–247 4:2609, 13:8318–8322 Start, 12:7990 Standardization, St. Petersburg school of State and Local Government international. See probability, 1:475, 2:864, Public-Employee International 7:4516, 13:8322–8325 Retirement Systems standardization, Staatswissenschaft, 1:26, 27 Survey, 14:8913 applications of statistics Stability design studies, State Government Tax in 12:7964–7973 Collection Survey, Standardized moment, Stability stage, 14:8913 8:4946 trapezoidal-type State of Connecticut v. Bull distributions, 14:8717 Standardized mortality ratio, Investment Group, Stable age distribution, 10:6963. See 10:6648, 6649 9:6281 Demography; Rates, States Stable distributions, standardized in quantum mechanics, 12:7974–7977 Standardized rates, 10:6739 Stable estimation, 1:436, 10:6962–6963, States, in Markov chains. 12:7978 6962–6965 See Markov processes Stable population. See Standardized ring-width State space, 10:6514 Demography; Life tables chronology, 3:1601 State space models Stagewise regression. See Standard Labouchere´ betting HIV epidemic, 1:92–93 Stepwise regression system, 1:481–482 Stationarity Staggering entry plan, for Standard multiple linear unit-root tests, 14:8884 progressive censoring regression model Stationary average delay schemes, 10:6547 of accelerated failure time, time, 7:4675 Staircase method 1:14 Stationary bootstrap, (up-and-down), Standard nine-point 1:603 12:7979–7982 (stanine) scale, 12:7989 Stationary dependence Stalactite plot, Standard omega-square extends k time units, 12:7982–7983 statistic, 4:2730 7:4528 Stamps Standard Planck Stationary distribution, rarefaction curves, 10:6952 distribution, 9:6169 12:7990 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9391

Stationary increments Statistical consulting, Statistical graphics, Poisson processes, 2:1286–1293 12:8045–8052 9:6200–6201 Statistical Consulting Statistical Graphics section, Stationary in the strict section, American American Statistical sense, 12:7991 Statistical Association, Association, 1:122 Stationary point processes, 1:122 Statistical graphs, 10:6831 9:6184–6186 Statistical control. See also Statistical hypothesis. See and risk theory, 11:7295 Control charts Hypothesis testing Stationary population. See attaining and maintaining Statistical independence, Demography; Life tables state of, 10:6680–6681 12:8053–8054 Stationary processes, determination of state of, Statistical index numbers, 12:7991 10:6679–6680 3:1806 serial dependence, 12:7654 Statistical curvature, Statistical inference statistical estimation for, 12:8020–8023 ARCH and GARCH 12:7991–8004 Statistical data. See Data models, 1:212 Stationary process of order h, Statistical decision function, biometric functions, 1:549 12:7991 15:9022 and causation, 2:782 Stationary stochastic Statistical decision problems, censored data, 2:797 processes, 2:847 3:1560–1561 coefficient of variation, Stationary time series, Wald on, 15:9019 2:1033 14:8876 Statistical decision theory concave and log-concave distributions, 2:1176 Stationary transition and finance, 4:2314–2315 frequency interpretation function, 7:4528 Statistical Decision Theory in, 4:2530–2536 Statistic, 12:8006 (Le Cam), 6:4120 and linear hazard rate Statistica, 12:8007 Statistical differentials, distribution, 6:4214 Statistical Abstract of the method of, and long-range United States, 12:8012 12:8024–8025 dependence, Statistical algorithms, Statistical disclosure 7:4418–4419 1:107–112, 107–112 limitation, and Lorenz curve, 7:4425 Statistical analysis, 10:6510 12:8025–8029 Poisson processes, 9:6202 Statistical education, Statistical Analysis of ranges in, 10:6901 Spatial Pattern, The 12:8030–8033 stationary point process, (Bartlett), 1:370 Statistical Educational 9:6185 Statistical and Applied section, American three-parameter Weibull Mathematical Sciences Statistical Association, distribution, 15:9090 Institute (SAMSI), 1:122 and transformations, 12:8012–8013 Statistical equilibrium. See 14:8705–8706 Statistical astronomy, Ergodic theorems two-parameter Weibull 1:253–254 Statistical evidence, distribution, Statistical atmospheric 12:8033–8036 15:9088–9090 statistics, 1:291 Statistical fallacies, Statistical Inference (Wilks), Statistical bias, 1:483 4:2535–2539 15:9168 Statistical catastrophe Statistical functionals, Statistical integral theory, 12:8013–8018 12:8037–8041 equations, 5:3568 Statistical computing Statistical genetics, Statistical interpolation and algorithms, 1:108–109 1:552–553, atmospheric statistics, Statistical Computing 12:8041–8045 1:292 section, American ascertainment sampling, Statistical Journal of the Statistical Association, 1:234 United Nations 1:122 modified power series Economic Commission Statistical confidentiality, distribution application, for Europe, 12:8019–8020 8:4939 12:8055–8056 9392 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Statistical journals, 6:3785 Statistical Program Statistical Theories of Mental Statistically equivalent Pertaining to Human Test Scores (Lazarsfeld blocks, 12:7639. See Drugs, 4:2261–2262 and Lord), 14:8688 Nonparametric Statistical quality control. Statistical Theory and discrimination See Quality control, Method Abstracts, and tolerance regions, statistical 12:8095–8096 14:8646 Statistical Review (Statistisk Statistical tolerance interval, Statistically self-affine sets, Tidskrift), 6:3769 14:8644 4:2477 Statistical Science, Statistical tolerance regions, Statistically self-similar sets, 12:8073–8075 14:8644 4:2477 Statistical Science Statistical total least squares, 14:8661 Statistical matching, Association of Canada, Statistical Yearbook of 10:6992–6994, 2:701 Sweden, 6:3769 12:8056–8057 Statistical self-similarity. Statistical Yearbook (UN), Statistical Mathematics See Self-similar 14:8876 (Aitken and Rutherford), processes 1:102 Statistica Neerlandica, Statistical signal processing, 12:8007–8008 Statistical mechanics. See 12:8075–8081 Stochastic mechanics Statistica Sinica, 12:8008 Statistical societies and Statistiche Gesellschaft, Statistical Methods and organizations, 12:7837 Scientific Inference Deutsche, 12:8148–8149 Statistical Society of Statistiche Hefte. See (Fisher), 4:2348 Australia, 12:8081–8084 Statistical Papers Statistical Methods for Statistical Society of Statistician, The, 12:8096 Research Workers Australia Newsletter, Statistician’s (Fisher), 4:2346 1:301 report/testimony, Wilcoxon influenced by, Statistical Society of Canada, 10:6419–6420 15:9148 2:701 Statistics Statistical Methods in Statistical Society of ancillary statistics, Medical Research, Canberra, 1:301 1:142–152 12:8143–8144 Statistical Society of London, first derivative, Statistical modeling, 1:153–154 12:8057–8062 6:3783 Statistical Society of New an overview, and judgments, 12:8103–8121 6:3789–3790 South Wales, 1:301 Statistical Society of Paris, and artificial intelligence, for overdispersion, 12:8097–8098 9:5894–5896 4:2516 Statistical software, biographies of key Statistical model theory, individuals, See 12:8084–8094 10:6442 Biography Statistical Tables for Statistical News, 12:8065 Bipivot t-statistics, Biological, Agricultural Statistical News and Notes, 9:6156–6157 and Medical Research 1:676 Birnbaum’s pseudo-t Statistical Office of the (Fisher and Yates), statistic, 10:6599–6600 United Nations. See 4:2346 Bonferroni t-statistic, United Nations, Statistical (Taylor) string 1:623 Statistical Office of the theory, 12:8008–8011 Central statistic, Statistical packages, Statistical Techniques 2:812–813 12:8065–8071 (Cochran), 2:1027 and chaos, 2:847–848 Statistical Papers, Statistical Techniques in Cochran’s C0 statistic, 12:8071–8072 Market Research 2:1024–1025 Statistical physics, 12:8072 (Ferber), 7:4497 Cochran’s Q-statistic for Statistical procedures, Statistical testing proportions, conservative, 12:8072 logic of, 7:4366–4367 10:6577–6579 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9393

Cp statistics, 2:1421–1422 multivariate order Statistics and Decisions, Cramer-von´ Mises statistics, 8:5288–5291 12:8099–8100 statistics, 2:1427–1428 order statistics, Statistics and Probability Cressie-read statistic, 9:5829–5836 Letters, 12:8100–8101 2:1430–1432 generalized, Statistics and religious Cusumsq statistic, 9:5838–5841 studies, 12:8101–8103 2:1507–1508 O-statistics, 9:5883–5884 Statistics and the definitions of, pivot and bipivot Environment section, 12:8128–8133 t-statistics, 9:6156–6157 American Statistical Eberhardt statistic, 3:1844 rank statistics, Association, 1:122 Fisher’s k-statistics, 10:6922–6931 Statistics applications 4:2366–2370 record statistics, agriculture, 1:81–84 Gart’s independence test 10:6995–7004 animal science, 1:161–165 statistic, 4:2638 and religious studies, anthropology, 1:176–179 Generalized omega-square 12:8101–8103 archaeology-I, 1:217–220 statistic, 4:2729–2730 Roy’s characteristic root archaeology-II, 1:221–225 generalized order statistic, 11:7370–7378 astronomy, 1:252–257 statistics, 4:2731–2736, score statistics, auditing, 1:298–300 9:5838–5841 11:7494–7497 banking, 1:361–364 Greenwood’s statistic, separable statistic, biogeography, 1:543–547 5:2973 11:7602 computer vision, hierarchical kappa sequence comparison 2:1164–1172 statistics, 5:3148–3150 statistics, 11:7603–7605 crystallography, history of, 12:8135–8140 sequential order statistics, 2:1459–1461 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 12:7629–7633 dentistry, 3:1626–1628 statistics, 6:3869–3872 shape statistics, DNA fingerprinting, McCarthy-Birnbaum 12:7677–7679 3:1808–1814 conjecture, Shapiro-Wilk W statistics, ecology, 3:1845–1850 6:3869–3872 12:7679–7680 econometrics, literature, 7:4299–4302, signed-rank statistics, 3:1851–1859 4303–4305 12:7716–7720 electronic data Lord’s quick test statistics, 10:6781 trimmed t-statistics, interchange, L-statistics, 7:4428–4432 14:8765 3:1895–1896 Mann-Fertig test statistic U-andV statistics, evolutionary genetics, for Weibull distribution, 14:8807–8809 3:2120–2123 15:9094–9096 V statistics, 14:8807–8809 finance, 4:2310–2315 Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon V-statistics, 14:9013–9015 fisheries research, statistic, 7:4475–4477 Wald’s W-statistic, 4:2336–2339 Mantel-Haenszel statistic, 15:9028–9029 forensic science, 7:4483–4486 Statistics, A Journal of 4:2439–2444 matched samples, Theoretical and Applied Forestry, 4:2446–2455 Miettinen’s test statistic Statistics, 12:8096–8097 gambling, 4:2608–2611 for, 7:4583–4584 Statistics, optimization in. geography, 4:2771–2775 measure theory in See Optimization in geology, 4:2776–2778 probability and, statistics geophysics, 4:2814–2820 7:4695–4701 Statistics, sufficient. See historical studies, Miettinen’s test statistic Sufficient statistics 5:3173–3178 for matched samples, Statistics and artificial human genetics-I, 7:4583–4584 intelligence, 5:3248–3251 multivariate Cramer-von´ 12:8097–8098 human genetics-II, Mises statistics, Statistics and Computing, 5:3252–3260 8:5191–5197 12:8099 industry, 5:3444–3448 9394 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Statistics applications Statistics in Medicine, Stein’s method, (continued) 7:4724, 4726, 13:8163–8169 international 12:8142–8143 Stein’s rule, 2:1255 standardization, Statistics in Sports section, Stem-and-leaf display, 5:3600–3603 American Statistical 13:8169–8172 law, 6:4089–4096 Association, 1:122 Stem cells, in carcinogenesis, linguistics, 7:4274–4279 Statistics metadata, 2:704, 705, 712 management science, 7:4744–4747, Step, 13:8172 7:4465–4471 12:8144–8146 Step distribution marketing, 7:4497–4510 Statistics of Income (SOI) approximation, Von medical diagnostics, Bulletin, 12:8147 Mises’, 13:8172 7:4715–4718 Statistics of Literary Step-down procedures, 8:5089 medicine, 7:4719–4726 Vocabulary (Yule), Step-down testing meteorology, 7:4748–4753 15:9217 comparisons with a musicology, 8:5370–5375 Statistics of shape. See control, 2:1112–1113 optimization, 9:5796–5801 Shape statistics Step function, 13:8172–8173 ornithology, 9:5851–5856 Statistics of very few events astronomy, 1:256–257 Step-size clustering, 13:8173 pharmaceutical industry, Step-stress accelerated life 9:6100–6104 Statistics Sweden, 12:8147–8148 tests, 1:11, 6:4163 physics (early history), Step-stresses 9:6118–6123 Statistisk Tidskrift, 6:3769 STATLIB accelerated failure time political science, model for, 1:13–15 density estimation, 3:1614 9:6222–6229 Sedyakin’s model for, 1:12 Stats, 1:124 population, mathematical Step-stress testing, StaXact package theory of, 9:6281–6285 13:8173–8177 Fisher’s exact and psychology, 10:6613–6618 Step-up procedures, 8:5089 Barnard’s tests, 4:2353 sociology, 12:7838–7844 Step-up testing Steel K-sample rank sum spatial epidemiology, comparisons with a statistics, 12:8152–8154 12:7882–7885 control, 2:1113 Steel statistics, sports, 12:7953–7957 Stepwise autoregression 12:8149–8154 vaccine studies, forecasting method in Steepest descent method, 14:8937–8938 combination with others, 11:7398 4:2433 vehicle safety, Stein effect, 1:504, 14:8995–8997 Stepwise multiple 12:8154–8157 comparison procedures, Statistics at CDC, Steiner identity, 12:8122–8125 8:5104, 5105–5107 12:8158–8159 Stepwise regression, Statistics Canada, Steiner’s most frequent 13:8178–8181 12:8126–8128 value, 12:8161–8162 Stepwise resampling Statistics in Defense and Steiner’s theorem, methods, 13:8181–8184 National Security 12:8158–8159 Stereogram, 13:8184–8185 section, American Stein estimation Stereology, 13:8185–8188 Statistical Association, Wald’s contributions, and Wicksell’s corpuscle 1:122 15:9024 problem, 15:9139 Statistics in Epidemiology Stein estimator. See Stevens Craig distribution, section, American Empirical Bayes theory 4:2230 Statistical Association, Stein identities. See sth normalized moment, 1:122 Multinormal 12:7962 Statistics in Marketing distribution, Siegel’s Stieltjes approximations, section, American formula for 9:5902–5904 Statistical Association, Stein’s admissibility result, Stieltjes fractions, 1:123 1:54 9:5903–5904 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9395

Stieltjes-indeterminate Stochastic approximation, Stochastic Models, 13:8260 Benini distribution, 1:465 13:8210–8214 Stochastic ordering, Stieltjes transformation. See Stochastic asymptotic 13:8260–8263 Pade´ and Stieltjes expansion, 1:264 Stochastic perturbation approximations Stochastic compartment theory, 13:8264–8265 Stimulus trials, 10:6622 models, 2:1118–1122 Stochastic population Stirling distributions, Stochastic complexity, models, 1:572, 9:6283 13:8190–8192 13:8215–8216 weighted distributions, Stirling distributions of the Stochastic control. See 15:9110 first kind, 13:8190–8191 Optimal stochastic Stochastic Population Stirling distributions of the control Models in Ecology and second kind, Stochastic convergence, Epidemiology (Bartlett), 13:8191–8192 2:1354–1357 1:370 Stirling family of Stochastic curtailment, Stochastic processes, distributions, 13:8217–8218 10:6493, 13:8266–8279 13:8192–8196 Stochastic demography, aging first-passage times, Stirling matrix, 13:8197 13:8219–8227 1:60–67 Stirling matrix of the first Stochastic differential applied probability kind, 13:8197 equations, 6:3798–3799, studies, 1:188 Stirling matrix of the second 13:8231–8240 change-point analysis kind, 13:8197 applications in economics application, 2:836–837 and management Stirling numbers, and medicine, 7:4723 science, 13:8242–8247 13:8197–8199 and risk theory, carcinogenesis modeling, Stirling numbers and 11:7295 2:710–713 generalizations, total positivity application, Stochastic dominance, 13:8200–8204 14:8668–8669 13:8263 Stirling numbers of the wear, 15:9070 Stochastic domination, second kind Stochastic processes, point, 13:8207–8209 and Shanmugan numbers, 13:8280–8286 Stochastic edits, 3:1864 12:7674 Stochastic Processes and Stochastic failure, 13:8248 Stirling’s formula, 13:8205 Their Applications, Stochastic filtering Stochastically closed forcomputervision 1:186, 191, 13:8280 reference sets, 13:8206 tracking, 2:1166–1171 Stochastic process measures Stochastically decreasing Stochastic games, absolute continuity of failure rate, 13:8248 13:8249–8252 probability measures on, Stochastically increasing Stochastic hydrology 1:7–8 failure rate, 13:8248 Bayesian forecasting, Stochastic programming, Stochastically larger, 7:4475 1:401 13:8287–8296 Stochastically larger Stochastic independence. See Stochastic programming variable, 13:8206 Statistical independence model. See Linear Stochastically monotone and causation, 2:783–784 programming; processes, 1:61, 66 Stochastic in der Schule. See Mathematical Stochastically new better Teaching Statistics programming than used, 13:8248 Stochastic integrals, Stochastic rainfall models, Stochastically new worse 13:8252–8255 1:291 than used, 13:8248 counting processes, Stochastic regression Stochastic Analysis and 2:1405 models, 13:8297–8299 Applications, Stochastic matrix, 13:8256 Stochastic resonance, 13:8206–8207 Stochastic mechanics, 13:8299–8307 Stochastic and universal 13:8256–8259 Stochastic risk theory. See domination, Stochastic models Risk theory 13:8207–8209 AIDS, 1:84–97 Stochastics, 13:8309–8310 9396 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Stochastics: An International Storage theory. See Dam Stratifiers, selection of, Journal of Probability theory; Inventory theory 13:8337–8338 and Stochastic STP2, 13:8316–8317 Stratigraphy Processes, 13:8309 Strahler order in archaeological Stochastic trend, 14:8727, and landforms, 10:6802 investigations, 1:219 8876 Straight lines Stratospheric ozone Stochastic trend models, statistical methods for depletion, 1:293–294 14:8728–8729 estimating in allometry, Straw polls, 3:1890, 1891 Stochastic volatility models, 1:115–117 Streamflow, 10:6807–6811 1:207 Strange attractors, 2:846, Strecker’s index of financial time series, 4:2478–2479 inconsistency, 4:2321 Strata chart, 13:8325–8326 5:3418–3420 Stochistic mathematical Strategic planning Strength of an array, programming, risk measurement, 11:7291 13:8338–8339 7:4595–4596 Strategy. See Decision Strength of a sampling plan, Stock management theory; Game theory 13:8339 Bayesian forecasting, Strategy (sampling strategy), Strength of a test, 13:8339 1:401 1:53 Stress. See Multidimensional Stock market price indexes, Stratification. See Optimum scaling 13:8310–8313 stratification; Stratified Stress concentration Stone’s rejection criteria, designs; Stratified and fatigue models, 4:2250 13:8313 multistage sampling; Stress concentration factor, Stratifiers, selection of Stone’s theorem 7:4315 clinical trials, 2:984–985, local limit theorem, Stresses 991–992 in accelerated life testing, 7:4337–4338 finite population sampling, 1:11 Stoppa’s income 4:2331 Stress-strength models, distributions, and ranked set sampling, 13:8339–8340 5:3386–3387 10:6905 Strict coherence, 13:8340 Stopped distribution. See urn model for, 14:8897 Strictly banded Toeplitz Random sum use with adaptive matrices, 14:8643 distributions sampling, 1:43 Strictly better decision rule, Stopping distribution. See Stratified designs, 15:9023 Contagious 13:8326–8331 Strictly sign reverse regular distributions; Random marketing applications, function of order 2, sum distributions 7:4498 12:7961–7963 Stopping lines proportional allocation in, Strictly sign reverse regular random fields, 10:6826 10:6566 function of order k, Stopping number, 15:9025 Stratified multistage 12:7961 Stopping numbers and sampling, 13:8333–8336 Strictly stationary process, stopping times, Stratified randomization 15:9069 13:8314–8315 clinical trials, 2:992 Strictly totally positive Stopping rules, 13:8314 Stratified sampling. See function of order 2, clinical trials, 2:987 Multistratified 13:8316–8317 Ward’s clustering sampling; Neyman Strictly totally positive algorithm, 15:9033 allocation; Optimum function of order k, Stopping times, 3:1696, stratification; 13:8316 13:8314–8315 Probability proportional Strict Pareto rule, 9:5939 applied probability to size (PPS) sampling; Strict periodicity in white studies, 1:188 Proportional allocation; noise, 2:1510 Storage Stratified designs; Strict stationarity, 15:9069 applied probability Stratified multistage Strict unimodality, 14:8869 studies, 1:188 sampling Stringency, of a test, 8:5002 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9397

Stringer bound Strong Markov property, Structural prediction auditing application, 1:299 3:1696 distribution, String property and Chung processes, 13:8360–8361 weighing designs, 15:9105 2:941, 943 Structural probability, Strings, 12:8008–8011 Strong Pareto principle, 13:8353–8354, 8361 Strip plots, 13:8340–8341 9:5939 Structural regression, Strip sampling Strong Pareto relation on the 13:8361 set, 9:5939 animal studies, 1:163 Structural relationship, Strong Pareto rule, 9:5939 Strip transect method, 14:8813 Strong Pareto set, 9:5941 14:8695 Structural zero cells, 13:8361 Stromberg-Rupert Strong records, Structural zeros, 13:8361 breakdown point, 10:7000–7001 Structured matrices. See 1:666–667, 668 Strong true-score theory, Patterned covariances Strong admissibility, 1:53 13:8341–8343 Structured models, 13:8355, Strong birthday problems, Strong unimodality, 7:4363, 8356–8360 2:1063–1064 14:8869 Strong confidence bound, Structural autoregressive Structure from motion (SfM) 2:1261 conditionally problem, 2:1166 Strong form of Zipf’s law, heteroscedastic SIS for, 2:1171–1172 15:9224 (STARCH) models, 1:207 Structure function. See Strong incidence functions Structural change Coherent structure Bayesian forecasting, random set of points, theory 1:401 10:6879–6880 and variogram, 14:8993 Structural distribution, Strong law of large numbers, Structure invariants, in 13:8354 10:6495, 14:8807, x-ray crystallography, Structural distribution 8919–8920 15:9200–9201 function and Borel-Cantelli lemma, conditional probability in linguistics, 1:628 7:4280–4281 distributions, Strongly additive Structural elicitation, 3:1899 15:9201–9202 arithmetical functions, Structural equation models, four-magnitude 10:6430 13:8344–8348 distribution, 15:9202 Strongly ergodic chain, for marketing studies, neighborhoods, 15:9201 7:4555 7:4501 seven-magnitude Strongly ergodic Markov Structural equations models, distribution, chain, 7:4555 10:6617 15:9202–9206 Strongly E-unbiased, Structural estimation, Structure removal, in 8:5118 13:8350, 8351, 8354, projection pursuit, Strongly ignorable treatment 8355 10:6560 assignment, 2:785 Structural inference, Stuart-Maxwell test for Strongly Pareto optimal 13:8349–8355 marginal homogeneity, alternative, 9:5941 fiducial distributions, 7:4489–4490 Strongly PC-unbiased, 4:2295 Student, 13:8361–8362 8:5118 for linear calibration, Studentization, Strongly skewed to the right, 2:698–699 13:8362–8364 7:4660 Structural learning, 1:430 Strongly S-unbiased, 8:5118 Structurally interpretable Studentized augmented Strongly unbiasedness, conditioning diagnostics, range, 13:8369 3:1790 2:1237–1238 Studentized bivariate range, Strongly unimodal discrete Structural parameter, 13:8369 distribution, 14:8869 13:8350 Studentized empirical Strongly unimodal Structural prediction, characterized function, regression, 14:8871 13:8360–8361 13:8364 9398 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Studentized extreme Subhypothesis testing, Successive refinement deviates, 13:8364–8365 13:8388 wavelets, 15:9047 Studentized maximal Subjective categorical data, Success probability, 1:501 distributions, centered, 2:776 estimation of 1/p and 13:8366 Subjective expected utility, sequential methods, Studentized range, 14:8928–8930 1:504–505 13:8366–8369 Subjective judgments, 6:3787 hypothesis testing about, Studentized range, Subjectively expected utility, 1:509–512 multivariate, 10:6602–6604 interval estimation, 13:8370–8371 Subjective probabilities, 1:506–509 Studentized residual, 1:241–242, 10:6456, point estimation, 13:8371 13:8388–8396 1:501–504 Student’s t-distribution and decision theory, Success runs. See Runs approximations to 3:1559–1560 Sudakov’s lemma, distributions, 1:193 and degrees of belief, 13:8410–8411 and balanced incomplete 1:458, 460–461 Sufficiency blocks, 1:607 Subjective probability and Basu’s theorems, and fiducial inference, assessment, 8:5159 1:375–377 4:2298–2299 Subjective randomness, and conditional inference, and randomized complete 13:8397–8402 2:1200 block analysis, 1:611 Submartingale, 7:4569 ‘‘Sufficiency and Statistical Student’s t-tests, Submean, 13:8403 Decision Functions’’ 13:8371–8376 Subnormal dispersion, (Bahadur), 1:346 and arithmetic mean, 14:8893 Sufficiency principle 1:233 Suboptimal invariant and ancillary statistics, bootstrap-t confidence selection rules, 8:4918 1:144–145 intervals, 2:1152 Subrahmaniam’s theorem for Sufficient estimation and and William’s test of trend, conditional parameter-free 15:9174 distributions, 1:581–582 inference, 13:8412–8414 ‘‘Student’’ (William Sealy Subsampling Gosset), 4:2887–2888 in bootstrapping, 1:626 Sufficient partition. See Studies in Econometric interpenetrating, Conditional inference Method (Hood and 6:3610–3613 Sufficient statistics, Koopmans), 2:782 nonrespondents, 13:8414–8421 Study design, 10:6507–6508 Hansen-Hurwitz method and conditional inference, Sturges’ rule, 13:8377 for, 13:8403–8405 2:1200 Stuttering Poisson typical values, 14:8805 Sugar distributions, Subset selection approach, epidemiological statistics 13:8377–8378 11:7528, 7531–7533 of dietary consumption, Stylometry, 13:8378–8383 Subset selection formulation 3:2016 Subadditive ordering, ranking and selection Sugar in urine 13:8434 procedures, 10:6908, actuarial health studies, Sub-balanced data, 6910–6911 1:31 13:8384–8386 Subsurvival function, Sukhatme scale test. See also Subdivided-surface chart. 13:8405–8406 Scale tests See Strata chart Subtilitate, De (Cardano), modification to, 15:9155 Subexponential 2:755 and Wilcoxon-type scale distributions, Success, Bernoulli trials, tests, 15:9153, 9154, 13:8386–8387 1:469 9155 Subgraduation. See Succession, Laplace’s law of, Summary relaxation, Graduation 6:3967 11:7557 Subhomogeneous function, Successive differences, Summation formulas 1:66 13:8406–8409 Lubbock’s, 13:8422 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9399

moving-average formulas Sums-of-squares statistics Supplemented balance. See from, 8:5006–5008 for outlier detection, General balance Woolhouse’s, 13:8422 9:5887 Support, 13:8448–8449 Summation [n], Sum-symmetric power series Supporting hyperplane 13:8421–8422 distributions, theorem. See Geometry Sum of independent terms 13:8423–8425 in statistics, convexity record values, S-Unbiasedness, 8:5118 Support vector machines 10:6996–6997 Sun chart, 13:8425–8428 banking application, Sum of logs Sundberg formulas, 1:364 decision rule, 10:6644 13:8428–8433 Suppression, 13:8449 Sum of Ps and self-consistency, Suppressor variables, decision rule, 10:6644 11:7548 13:8450–8451 Sum of squares Sunflowers, 13:8433–8434 Supra-Bayesian ANOVA table column, Superadditive and methodology, 1:173 subadditive ordering, 13:8451–8453 Sum of squares of the 13:8434 Surfaces correlations (SSQ-COR) Superadditive ordering, fractal dimensions, canonical analysis 13:8434 4:2467–2468 application, 2:726–727 Super-Bayesian, Surprise index, Sum of the correlations 13:8434–8435 13:8453–8457 (SUMCOR) Supercritical Galton-Watson Surrogate endpoints process, 10:6883 clinical trials, 2:991 canonical analysis SUPER-DUPER random Surrogate markers, application, 2:726–727 number generator, 13:8458–8463 Sum of zs 10:6593, 6596 Surrogate response. See decision rule, 10:6644 Superefficiency, Hodges, Measurement error Sum process, 14:8921–8922 13:8435–8436 Surrogate variables, 14:8955 Sum-quota sampling, Superefficient estimators, Surveillance, 13:8464 13:8423 7:4633 Survey Methodology, Sums of dependent random Superlative index number. 13:8464–8466 variables See Divisia indices Survey of Construction, probability inequalities Supermartingale, 7:4569 14:8913 for, 10:6475 Supermum statistics, 3:1953 Survey of Consumer Sums of finitely dependent Supernormal dispersion, Finances, 10:6993 random variables 14:8893 Survey of Doctorate inequalities for, 10:6475 Supernova SN1987A, 1:256 Recipients, 14:8910 Sums of independent random Superpopulation approach, Survey of Income and variables to adaptive sampling, Program Participation, asymptotic normality, 1:44 14:8909 1:272–273 Superpopulation models, Survey of Inmates of Local central limit theorems for, 13:8437–8440 Jails, 14:8910 1:269–270 finite populations, 4:2332 Survey of Market inequalities for, Supersaturated designs, Absorption, 14:8910 10:6473–6475 13:8442–8448 Survey of New Manufactured moment generating uniformity, 14:8849 Mobile Homes, 14:8913 function for studying, Superuniformity, 14:8864 Survey of Prison Inmates, 4:2751 testing for, 14:8865 14:8910 probability generating Supervised pattern Survey of Program function for studying, recognition, 2:975 Dynamics, 4:2748 Supplementary Analysis and 14:8909–8910 probability inequalities Derivative Tables Survey on Living Conditions, for, 10:6473–6475 (Willcox), 15:9174 10:6994 9400 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Survey Research Methods s-Variate negative Symmetrical Toeplitz section, American multinomial matrices, 14:8643 Statistical Association, distribution, 8:5037 Symmetric difference, 1:123 Sverdrup, Erlang, 13:8494–8495 Survey sampling, 13:8491–8492 Symmetric functions, 13:8466–8472 Swain-Fu distance, 13:8495–8496 admissibility, 1:51, 53, 13:8492–8493 Symmetric matrix normal 54–55 Swamping, 7:4573–4576. See distributions, election projections, 3:1891 Masking and swamping 7:4614–4616 finite populations, SWARCH models, 1:211 Symmetric means. See Angle 4:2329–2330 Swartz test of uniformity, brackets marketing, 7:4498–4499 14:8859 Symmetric measures of nonresponse in, Sweden association, 1:246 8:5636–5638 heart disease Symmetric M-matrices, nonsampling errors in, epidemiological 8:4915 8:5639–5642 statistics, 3:2025 Symmetric population question-wording effects Marshall-Edgeworth- Wilcoxon signed rank test in, 10:6768–6771 Bowley index application for location, 15:9150 sampling inspection cost of living, 7:4568 Symmetric random variable, contrasted, 1:23 Swerling models, 2:1106 15:9122 traffic problem Swindle Symmetric statistics, applications, Monte Carlo swindle, 13:8496–8497 14:8692–8693 8:4987 Symmetric Tukey lambda Survey sampling callbacks, Swing, 13:8493 distributions 13:8474 Swinging, election frequency curves Survival analysis, forecasting in the UK, estimation, 4:2519, 13:8474–8482 3:1887, 1888 2520–2521, 2524 and Aalen’s additive risk Swiss cheese quality Symmetrization, 14:8802 model, 1:46 weighted distribution Symmetrized MacDonald Bayesian forecasting, application, 15:9111 density, 7:4436 1:401 Switch-back designs. See Symmetry concomitant variables in, Reversal designs 2:1187–1189 Switching autoregressive Baringhaus and Henze’s and explained variation, conditionally tests of, 13:8497 14:8990 heteroscedastic Bowker’s test of, grouped data in, (SWARCH) models, 13:8498–8499 13:8484–8488 1:211 Butler-Smirnov test of, transformations, 14:8706 Switching regression, 2:840 13:8499–8502 Survival Archimedean Switching rules, 13:8493 Hill-Rao test of, 13:8503 copula process, 2:1360 Switzerland probability plotting for, Survival distribution heart disease 10:6487 function, 10:6960 epidemiological runs tests for, Survival function, 11:7133 statistics, 3:2025 13:8503–8507 and accelerated life HIV spread in, 1:97 tests for, 13:8507–8510, testing, 1:10–11 Sylvester matrix, 13:8494 8579–8582 Kaplan-Meier estimator, Symbolic calculus. See Finite Symmetry condition, 6:3802–3806, 3807 difference calculus profile-a tests, 10:6538 and life testing, 6:4159 Symbolic propagation Symmetry tests, and Sedyakin’s model, 1:12 algorithms, 1:432, 13:8507–8510, Susarla-van Ryzin estimator, 7:4543–4544 8579–8582 13:8488–8489 Symbolic scattally, 13:8494 Symmlet wavelet, 15:9049 Suspect observations. See Symmetrical censoring, Symposium on Stochastic Outliers 2:804 Processes (Bartlett, CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9401

Kendall, and Moyal), Tabular statistics Tausworthe generator, 1:370 Achenwall opposed use of, 10:6595, 6598 Synergism, 13:8510–8511 1:27 Tausworthe method for Synoptic areas, of rainfall Tabulation pseudo-random variable fields, 10:6798 logarithmic series generation, 10:6598 Syntax, 10:6457 distribution, 7:4359 Tausworthe sequence, Synthetic aperture radar Tagging. See 10:6595 forcomputervision, Capture-recapture Taxi problem, 13:8549–8550 2:1164 methods Taxonomy, 2:972 Synthetic estimation, Taguchi method for off-line in archaeology, 1:217 13:8511–8512 quality control, ultrametric application, Synthetic estimators, 13:8526–8528 14:8812 13:8512 Taha test, 13:8528–8529 Tax progressiveness Systematic designs, Tail-index, Goldie-Smith and Lorenz curve application, 13:8513–8516 Vries-Novak estimators, 7:4424 Systematic error, 10:6673, 13:8530–8531 Taylor expansions, 12:8008, 11:7595 Tail-index estimator, 13:8550 error analysis, 13:8530–8531 and jet bundles, 15:9214 3:2057–2058 Tail ordering, 13:8531 and yokes, 15:9213 Systematic model Tailored testing, 10:6612 Tchebichef,´ Pafnuty Lvovich. as Model I, 8:4929 Tail probabilities, See Chebyshev (or Systematic sampling, 13:8531–8534 Tchebichef),´ Pafnuty 10:6490, 13:8516–8519 modified power series Lvovich continuous sampling distribution application, Tchebysheff, Pafnuty plans, 2:1341 8:4939 Lvovich. See Chebyshev Systematic Zoology, probability generating (or Tchebichef),´ Pafnuty 2:972 function, 4:2750 Lvovich System reliability, theorems, 13:8535 T1 class of distributions, 13:8520–8522 Tail weight index, 13:8535 13:8538–8539 and coherent structure Takacs’´ goodness of fit T2 class of distributions, theory, 2:1043–1044 distribution, 13:8539–8540 Systems, gambling. See 4:2884–2887 t designs, 13:8551–8552 Gambling Takacs´ process, t-designs with unit t-set Systems analysis in ecology, 13:8536–8537 balance (Witt designs), 13:8522–8524 Taken’s estimator, 4:2471 15:9190 Systems of Frequency Curves TALENT Project, 3:1872 t-distribution, 13:8553–8555 (Elderton and Johnson), Talwar-Gentle scale test, zero degrees of freedom, 1:196 11:7460 15:9220 Systems reliability T1 and T2 classes of T2 distributions, 12:7702 unidimensionality test distributions, Teacher Follow-up Survey, applications, 13:8538–8540 14:8910 14:8837–8838 Tango index, 13:8540–8542 Teaching consulting, 2:1292 Systems under Indirect Taper. See Innovation Teaching of Statistics in the Observation (Wold), variance Health Sciences section, 15:9151 Target coverage, American Statistical Szroeter’s test of 13:8543–8546 Association, 1:123 homoscedasticity, Target population, Teaching Statistics, 13:8524–8525 13:8546–8547 13:8555–8556 Tasmania Technique for estimator Tabellverket, 15:9036 transferable vote system densities (TED) Tables of Mathematical used in, 3:1893 p∗-formula and Statistics (Bol’Shev and Tauberian theorems, multivariate normal Smirnov), 1:613 13:8547–8549 approximation 9402 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Technique for estimator Tera¨ Svirta-Mellin model Tests of randomness. See densities (TED) selection. See Linear Randomness, test of (continued) models, selection of Test theory, 10:6610–6611 compared, 9:6097–6098, (supplement) Test validity, 10:6610 6099 Terminal nodes Tetrachoric correlation, Technological risk in CART, 14:8719, 8720, 9:6243 management, 11:7286 8721 Tetrachoric correlation Technological sciences recursive partitioning, coefficient, applied probability, 1:188 11:7011 13:8588–8589 Technometrics, 1:121, 124, Terms of trade, Tetrachoric series 13:8556–8557 13:8569–8572 in canonical analysis, Telephone exchange, Terry-Hoeffding test, 2:722 10:6427–6428 13:8573 Tetrad, 13:8590 Telephone Point-of-Purchase Test, 13:8573–8574 Tetrad difference, 13:8590 Survey, 14:8910 Test approach to index Tetranomial distribution, Telephone surveys, 10:6626 numbers, Fisher’s, 13:8590 computer assisted, 13:8574–8576 THAID (theta automatic 13:8560–8562 Test bias, 1:483–484 interaction detection) election projections, 3:1891 Test factor stratification, technique, 1:303 marketing applications, 13:8576–8578 for marketing studies, 7:4499 Test for normality, 7:4500 Thailand methodology, D’Agostina, HIV spread in, 1:92 13:8557–8560 13:8583–8584 Thalidomide tragedy, 4:2258 TELER (telematics for Testimator, 13:8578–8579 Theil’s coefficient, 14:8857 enterprice reporting), Testing for symmetry, Theil test for slope, 3:1895 13:8507–8510, 13:8591–8592 Telescoping, 13:8562 8579–8582 Thematic mapper, Television viewing, Test markets, 7:4508 LANDSAT, 10:6572 statistical aspects, Test of adequate feature extraction using 13:8562–8565 signal-to-noise, 15:9068 crop spectral profile Temme’s method of Test of condition variation, models, 10:6576–6577 approximating integrals, 10:6536 use for agricultural 1:192 Test of parallel profiles, surveys, 1:79 Temperature sensitivity, in 10:6533 Theorem of total probability, atmospheric statistics, Test of similarity of profiles, 14:8672 1:295 10:6533 Theorems and lemmas Tempered distributions. See Test reliability, 10:6610 (Includes primary article Dirac delta function Tests, statistical. See only.) Temporal aggregation, Hypothesis testing addition theorem, 1:46 1:57–58 Tests, Westberg adaptive Basu theorems, 1:375–377 Temporal rainfall, combination of, Bayes’ theorem, 1:392–393 10:6796–6798 13:8586–8588 Bernoulli’s limit theorem, Temporal streamflow, Tests and P-values, 1:469 10:6807–6808 combining, 13:8584 Bernoulli’s theorem, 1:469 Temporal sure preference Tests based on empirical Bernstein’s lemma for condition, 1:388 probability measures, convergence in Tensor product smoothing 13:8584–8585 distribution, 2:1353 splines, 12:7945 Tests for censoring, Borel-Cantelli lemma, Tensors, 12:8009, 13:8585–8586 1:628, 10:6495 13:8565–8569 Tests of normality. See central limit theorem, Teoriya Veroyatnosteii i ee Departures from 6:4183–4187 Primeneniya, 1:186, 190 normality, tests for central limit theorems CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9403

convergence rates for, Hunt-Stein theorem, permutational central 2:810–811 5:3268–3270 limit theorems, multidimensional, invariance principles and 9:6069–6073 8:5018–5020 functional limit Polya’s´ theorem, permutational, theorems, 6:3651–3654 9:6240–6241 9:6069–6073 Karlin-McGregor theorem, principal components, Chernoff-Savage theorem, 6:3823 Schonemann’s¨ theorem 2:884–888 Kesten theorems, 6:3840 for, 10:6407 Chernoff theorem, 2:884 key renewal theorem, Pyrrho’s lemma, 10:6651 multivariate, 6:3840–3841 Radon-Nikodym theorem, 8:5189–5191 Khinchin’s unimodality 10:6792–6793 Cochran’s theorem, theorem, 6:3847 Raikov’s theorem, 10:6795 2:1025–1026 Kiefer-Wolfowiz Rao-Blackwell theorem, convergence in equivalence theorem for 10:6940–6941 distribution, Bernstein’s optimum design, Renyi-Anscombe´ theorem, lemma, 2:1353 9:5802–5804 11:7150–7151 Cornfield’s lemma, 2:1369 Kolmogorov-Khinchin Riesz-Fischer theorem, Craig-Sakamoto theorem, theorem, 6:3868 11:7283 2:1422–1423 Kolmogorov’s three-series Schonemann’s¨ theorem for Criticality theorem, theorem, 6:3878 principal components, 2:1436–1437 Kronecker lemma, 6:3896 10:6407 Daniell-Kolmogorov Lehmann-Scheffe´ theorem, Sinusoidal limit theorem, theorem, 3:1523 6:4127–4128 12:7760–7761 Darmois-Skitovich limit theorem, central, Slutsky-Frechet´ theorem, theorem, 3:1525–1526 6:4183–4187 12:7797 Decomposition theorem, limit theorems, Spitzer-Rosen´ theorem, 3:1566 6:4187–4189 12:7938–7939 De Moivre-Laplace Lindeberg-Feller theorem, Sudakov’s lemma, theorem 6:4189–4190 13:8410–8411 global, 3:1553–1554 Lindeberg-Levy´ theorem, tail probabilities: local, 3:1554 6:4190–4191 theorems, 13:8535 Edward’s theorem, 3:1875 local de Moivre-Laplace Tauberian theorems, ergodic theorems, theorem, 3:1554 13:8547–8549 3:2049–2052 local limit theorems, Toeplitz lemma, 14:8643 Frisch-Waugh theorem for 7:4326–4329 total probability theorem, partial time regression, Marcinkiewicz theorem, 14:8672 9:5995–5999 7:4488 Two-series theorem, Gauss-Markov theorem, Matrix inversion lemma, 14:8801–8802 4:2647–2649 7:4612–4613 Vinograd theorem, 14:9000 Glivenko-Cantelli multidimensional central Weirstrass approximation theorems, 4:2861–2864 limit theorems, theorem, 15:9102 global de Moivre-Laplace 8:5018–5020 Whittle equivalence theorem, 3:1553–1554 multivariate Chernoff theorem of D-optimality, Hajek-Inagaki´ convolution theorem, 8:5189–5191 3:1821–1822 theorem, 5:3047–3050 Neyman-Pearson lemma, Theoretical Population Hajek’s´ projection lemma, 8:5487–5492 Biology, 1:186 5:3051–3052 optimum design, Th´eorie Analytique des Hammersley-Clifford Kiefer-Wolfowiz Probabilit´es (Boscovich), theorem, 5:3062–3063 equivalence theorem for, 1:631 Helly-Bray theorems, 9:5802–5804 Th´eorie de la Speculation 5:3116 partial time regression, (Bachelier), 1:361 Hoeffding’s lemma, Frisch-Waugh theorem Theories, 1:327–328 5:3186–3187 for, 9:5995–5999 Theories of Science, 2:782 9404 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Theory of Inbreeding, The Three-point variance Time series, 13:8613–8621 (Fisher), 4:2348, 2349 and successive differences, fallacies with, 4:2238 Theory of Justice, A (Rawls), 13:8409 ARCH and GARCH 6:3793 Three R (3R). See Running models, 1:207 Theory of Probability and its median ARIMA models for, 1:310 Applications, 1:186, 190, Three-sample and arithmetic mean, 13:8592 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 1:232 Theory of Probability and test, 6:3874 ARMA models for, 1:316 Mathematical Statistics, Three series theorems, Bayesian forecasting, 13:8592 7:4570–4571 1:400–401 Theory of Statistics, The Three-sigma limits. See Box-Jenkins model, (Yanson), 15:9207 Control charts 1:646–651 Therapeutic equivalence Three-sigma (3σ)rule, business forecasting, trial, 2:993 13:8603 1:688–689 Theta automatic interaction Three-stage least-squares education applications, detection (THAID) estimator, 14:8803 3:1871 technique, 1:303 Threshold analysis and feedback, 2:791–792 Thiele, Thorvald Nicolai, Reed-Frost model, finance applications, 13:8593–8594 11:7037 4:2313–2314 Thiele’s interpolation Threshold models, fractal dimensions, 4:2471 formula. See Reciprocal 13:8603–8605 for marketing studies, differences Threshold parameter, 7:4502 Thin-plate splines, 13:8605–8606 nonstationary, 12:7944–7945 Throwback, 13:8606 13:8625–8636 Third central moment, Thurstone’s theory of periodic in astronomy, 7:4659 comparative judgment, 1:255–256 Third kind, error of the. See 13:8606–8609 Priestley’s harmonic Consulting, statistical and Luce’s choice axiom, component test for, Third moment statistics 2:938 13:8637–8641 for outlier detection, Tied-down Brownian bridge, trend, 14:8726–8729 9:5887 1:669 unit-root tests, Thoman-Bain tests, Ties 14:8876–8885 13:8595–8596 adjustment for rank weak stationarity, Thomas distribution, 2:954, statistics, 10:6927 15:9069 13:8596 least favorable Whittle likelihood, Thomas-Hultquist variance configuration when 15:9136 component confidence broken, 6:4106–4107 and window width, interval procedure, Tightness of probability 15:9182 14:8966 measures, 10:6481 X-11 method, 3D-Beamlets, 1:443 Tilt, 14:8889 15:9198–9199 Three-eighths rule, Time-delay embeddings, Time Series Analysis and 13:8597 4:2471 Forecasting Society, Three-group resistant line, Time-homogeneous diffusion 13:8623–8625 14:8888–8889 processes, 3:1696–1697 Time statistics, 14:8825 Three-mode analysis, Timeliness, 10:6674–6675 Time transformation 13:8597–8601 Time-reversal test. See Index functions Three mode principal numbers; Test approach in accelerated life testing, component analysis, to index numbers, 6:4162 10:6401 Fisher’s Time truncated data, Three-parameter Weibull Time-scale change constant, 9:6305–6306 distribution, 15:9090 1:13 Time truncation, 9:6306 Three-point Pearson-Tukey Time-sequential inference, Weibull processes, approximation, 13:8602 13:8610–8613 15:9100–9101 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9405

Tin estimator and Referencing Total probability theorem, Quenouille’s estimator (TIGER) system, 14:8672 compared, 1:485 14:8915 Total quality, 10:6670, Ting variance component Topos theory, 10:6442 14:8672 confidence interval Topp and Leone’s J-shaped Total quality management, procedure, 14:8965 distribution, 6:3786 14:8672–8674 Tin’s ratio estimators, Tornquist index. See Index Total time on test plots, 10:6983–6984 numbers; Log-change 14:8674–8677 Tippet’s combinations of index numbers Total time on test transform, P-values, 13:8584 Tornquist-Theil 14:8677–8680 Westberg’s adaptive approximation. See scaled, 14:8675 approach compared, Divisia indices Total variance balance, 13:8587 Total balance, 14:8659–8661 14:8659, 8660 Tobacco, as causative factor Total efficiency balance, Total variation, distance of, in lung cancer, 14:8659, 8660 14:8681 2:780–781. See also Total epidemic size Total variation measure, Smoking Reed-Frost model, 11:7036 14:8856 Tobit model Total error, 10:6673 Tournaments. See Knock-out Burr, 13:8641–8642 Total factor productivity tournaments; Sports with censored data, 2:801 index, 10:6526–6527 knock-out, 6:3859–3862 Tobits, 10:6500–6501 analysis and Toxic Substances Control Act Toeplitz lemma, 14:8643 decomposition, (TSCA) and Kronecker lemma, 10:6528–6529 and risk management, 6:3896 Total fat consumed 11:7288 Toeplitz matrices, 14:8643 death-rate correlation t-Plets and Whittle likelihood, coefficients for certain and quasi-symmetry, 15:9136–9137 factors, 3:2027 10:6764–6765 Tolerance distribution. See Total least squares, T3 plot, 14:8681–8686 Bioassay, statistical 14:8661–8664 Trabajos de Estadıstica,´ methods in in motion analysis, 2:1171 13:8573, 14:8659 Tolerance intervals. See statistical formulation, Trabajos de Estadıstica´ y de Nonparametric tolerance 14:8662–8664 Investigaci`on Operativa, limits; Tolerance regions Totally balanced designs, 13:8573, 14:8659 Tolerance intervals, inner 14:8659 Trabajos de Investigaci`on and outer, Totally diagonal Latin Operativa, 13:8573, 14:8643–8644 squares. See Latin 14:8659 Tolerance limits, 14:8644 squares, Latin cubes, Trace, 14:8687 Tolerance regions, Latin rectangles lambda-trace, 1:230 14:8644–8658 Totally orthogonal Traceability, 14:8687 Bayesian approach, parameters, 9:5929 Trace correlation, 2:1386. See 14:8655–8658 Total mean squared error, Correlation coefficients, classical sampling 7:4681 Glahn and Hooper approach, 14:8645–8655 Total number of trials, in Trace function, 14:8687 Jina procedures, See binomial experiment, Trace line, 14:8687–8688 Sequential procedures, 1:501 Trace of a matrix, 14:8687 Jirinaˇ point estimation, Traceplot, 1:230 Tong estimators. See Markov 1:512–514 Track, copulas, 10:6747 decision processes Total Ozone Mapping Tracking, 14:8688–8691 Top, 14:8659 Spectrometer (TOMS), Tracking signal, 4:2431 Top nodes, fault tree 1:292–294 Tracking signals, in business analysis, 4:2253 Total plausibility, 3:2140 forecasting, 1:686 Topologically Integrated Total positivity, Tractable relaxations of Geographic Encoding 14:8665–8671 Max-cut, 11:7556 9406 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Tracy-Widom distribution, Transfer-function noise Trapezoidal distributions, 2:1067 model, 1:688 14:8716 Trade Data by Commodities Transformation method, for Trapezoidal rule, 14:8716 and Partners (UN), constructing uniform Trapezoidal-type 14:8876 designs, 14:8848 distributions, Tradeoff model, for Transformation of 14:8716–8717 mean-variance, 7:4682 explanatory variables, Traveling-salesman problem, Traffic accidents 14:8700, 8705 14:8717–8718 Bayesian forecasting, Transformation of ‘‘Treatise on Chance’’ 1:401 parameters, 14:8698, (Arbuthnot), 1:206 Traffic flow measurement, 8707–8708 Treatise on Probability, A 14:8692–8693 Transformation of (Keynes), 2:824 Traffic flow problems, probabilities, Treatment effects, 1:396 14:8691–8693 14:8700–8701, 8707 adjusted for blocks, Traffic intensity. See Traffic Transformation of 10:7007 flow problems proportions, Treatment mean square Traffic light signals, 14:8700–8701, 8707 balanced incomplete optimum settings for, Transformation of response blocks, 1:607 14:8691 variables, randomized complete block Traffic theory 14:8698–8700, analysis, 1:611 applied probability 8704–8705 Treatments, 1:396 studies, 1:188 Transformation of statistics, selection in clinical trials, vehicle safety, 14:8707–8708 2:981–982, 989–991 14:8995–8997 Transformations, Treatment variables, 4:2383, weighted distribution 14:8697–8708 14:8955 application, 15:9111 component analysis, Tree, 7:4536–4547. See Training set, 2:976 2:1138–1139 Dendrites; Dendrograms recursive partitioning, use in animal studies, Treed regression, 11:7011 1:162 14:8719–8721 Transactions of the Faculty Transformed value, 7:4748 Tree experiments. See of Actuaries of Scotland, Transforms. See Integral Forestry 6:3782 Transactions on transforms Tree height models, forests, Mathematical Software Transient random walks, 4:2448–2449 algorithms published in, 10:6983 Tree-ring data, 3:1601–1603 1:110 Transient state, 7:4548. See Tree-ring series, 3:1601 Transcendental logarithmic Markov processes Trees functions, 14:8694 Transinformation, 6:3740 and classification, Transect methods, Transition distribution 2:969–970 14:8694–8697 function, 7:4551 Trellis displays, animal studies, 1:163 Transition (Markov) models, 14:8721–8726 weighted distribution 14:8710–8714 Trellising, 14:8722–8723 application, 15:9111 Transition probabilities Trench matrix, 14:8643. See in wildlife sampling, diffusion, 3:1694 Toeplitz matrices 15:9164–9165 Transitivity paradox. See Trend, 14:8726–8729, 8734 Transferable vote system, Fallacies, statistical ARIMA models address, 3:1893–1894 Translation systems 1:310–311 Transfer evidence, 4:2439 approximations to with structural breaks, Transfer function distributions, 1:198–199 14:8882–8885 ARIMA models, 1:310, 315 Transmittances, 4:2410, unit-root tests, ARMA models, 1:319 2413 14:8876–8885 Transfer function model, Transportation Annual William’s test of, 14:8697 Survey, 14:8913 15:9174–9175 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9407

Trend, in X-11 method, Triangular plot, Trivariate normal 15:9198 14:8760–8761 distributions, Trend, Laplace test for, Triangulated graph 2:1311–1316 14:8744–8747 Markvov networks, 7:4537 Trivariate spherical normal Trend alternative, 14:8737 Triangulated undirected distribution, 2:1312 Trend curves graph Trojan squares, business forecasting, 1:684 Markvov networks, 7:4537 14:8771–8772 Trend-cycle, 14:8727, 8729 Triangulation, 14:8761 TROLL package Trend-free block designs, Triangulation of moral conditioning diagnostics, 14:8729–8736 graph, 8:4991–4993 2:1240 Trend in count data, tests Tridiagonal matrix, Tropical Agriculture, 1:81 for, 14:8737–8742 14:8761–8762 Trucking deregulation, Trend in proportions, test Triefficiency, 14:8762 6:4091–4092 for, 14:8742–8744 Trigamma distribution, Truck Inventory and Use Trend models, 14:8727–8729 3:1698–1700 Survey, 14:8913 Trend-stationary time series, Trigamma function, 14:8762 True diagnosis 14:8876 TRIGA nuclear reactor fault and Youden’s Trend tests, 14:8748–8753 tree, 4:2255 misclassification index, Trente et quarente, 4:2612 Trigonometric moments, 7:4849 Trials, 1:329 4:2461, 8:4950 True/false positives Bernoulli, 1:469 Trilobites medical diagnosis studies, clinical, 2:981–995 7:4716 and rarefaction curves, clinical trials ‘‘True’’ prior, 14:8773 10:6952 multiple testing in, True score, 10:6610 Trim array. See Strength of 8:5111–5116 True value, 7:4684 an array quality assessment for, Truncated data, 14:8773, Trimean, 14:8762 10:6661–6668 8775 Trim-loss problem. See Zelen’s randomized, weighted distributions for, Linear programming 2:998 15:9107 Trimmed and Winsorized crossover, 2:1446–1452 Truncated distributions, means, tests for, predicting random effects 3:1568 in group randomized, 14:8762–8764 Truncated measurements, 9:6326–6334 Trimmed mean, 7:4684–4685 uniformity, 14:8866–8867 14:8766 Truncated sampling. See Triangle, Pascal’s, Trimmed t-statistics, Curtailed sampling 9:6007–6009 14:8765 plans Triangle test, 14:8754–8755 Trimming Truncation, 14:8773–8775. Triangular arrays and robustification, See also Failure weak convergence, 11:7338–7339 truncation; Time 15:9065, 9066 Trimming and truncation Triangular contingency Winsorization, censoring contrasted, tables, 14:8755–8759 14:8765–8770 2:795, 804 Triangular coordinates, Trinomial distribution, coefficient of, 14:8773 14:8760 14:8770–8771 nonparametric estimation Triangular distribution, Triple scatter plot, 14:8771 under, 14:8775–8776 14:8854. See also Triplets, structure Truncation selection, Uniform distributions invariants in x-ray 11:7528 Simpson’s distribution as crystallography, 15:9200 Trust region relaxation, special case of, 12:7742 conditional probability 11:7556 and trapezoidal distribution, Truth distribution, 14:8716 15:9201–9202 approximating with Triangular inequality, 2:970 Tripotent matrix, 14:8771 approgression, 1:191 9408 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

TSCA. See Toxic Substances Tukey’s categorical data, Control Act (TSCA) g-and-h-distributions 2:764–766 Tschuprow, Alexander Tukey’s hanging rootogram, McNemar’s test for, Alexandrovich. See 14:8784 14:8793–8794 Chuprov (or Tschuprov), Tukey’s honestly significant missing values in, 14:8795 Alexander difference method, Woolf’s test for, 15:9195 Alexandrovich 8:5104 and Yule’s Q, 15:9217 Tschuprow’s coefficient T, Tukey’s inequality for Two-dimensional scan 1:249 optimal weights, statistics, 11:7467–7468 TSP package 14:8785 Twoing index, 14:8796 ARCH models included, Tukey’s lemma, 14:8779 2k Factorial, 4:2226 1:212 Tukey’s line, 14:8785 2N Factorial T-square sampling, 14:8777 Tukey’s median polish, confounding, 2:1264–1265 wandering-quarter 7:4709–4710 Two-parameter Weibull sampling as variant of, Tukey’s quick test, distribution, 15:9031 14:8785–8786 t-statistics. See Student’s use in adaptive methods, 15:9088–9090 t-tests; t-distribution 1:39 Mann-Fertig test for, t-testing Tukey’s simultaneous 15:9094 in acceptance sampling, comparison procedure. Two-person zero-sum games. 1:23–24 See Multiple See Zero-sum two-person T-Transform matrix, 7:4453 comparisons games TTT plots, 14:8675 Tukey’s test for Two-phase ratio and TTT-transform. See Total nonadditivity, regression estimator time on test transform 14:8786–8787 mean reciprocal values, Tuberculosis Tukey’s test for ordered 7:4663 epidemiological studies, alternatives, 15:9159 Two-phase regression, 3:2029, 7:4720 Tukey’s wholly significant 2:840 Tucker-Lewis reliability difference method, Two-phase sampling. See coefficients, 11:7125 8:5104 Survey sampling Tucker’s coefficient of Tukey theory of analytic Two-sample matching test, congruence, 4:2232 ideas, 14:8779 14:8796–8797 Tukey, John Wilder, Tumors. See Carcinogenesis Two-sample Pitman test, 14:8778–8781 Turbulence 9:6147–6148 Tukey equivalence, 14:8779 random fields, 10:6825 Two-sample problem Tukey-Kramer intervals. See Turing’s theorem (that Baumgartner-Weiss- Multiple comparisons halting problem is Schindler test, Tukey-McLaughlin test, unsolvable), 1:105 14:8798–8799 14:8763, 8765, Turkey’s biweight location tests, 7:4354 8767–8768 redescending Two-sample rank tests, Tukey median, 1:653 M-estimators, 11:7013 10:6934–6935 Tukey ordering, 14:8779 Tversky’s model of choice. Tukey peeling, 9:6043, 6044 See Choice axiom, Luce’s Maximum efficiency Tukey reducibility, 14:8779 Twenty-one (Blackjack), robust, 14:8799–8800 Tukey’s confidence interval 1:601–603 Two-sample ridit analysis, for location, Twicing, 14:8788 11:7283 14:8782–8784 Two-armed bandit problem. Two-samples, Savage tests Tukey’s exploratory data See also One- and for. See Savage test; analysis (EDA). See two-armed bandit Savage test, sequential Exploratory data problems Two-sample sign test, analysis clinical trials, 2:987 12:7729 Tukey’s g and h Two-by-two tables, Two-sample tests distributions. See 14:8788–8792 Budne’s, 14:8800–8801 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9409

trimmed and Winsorized Type I and type II variables. 2 UN. See Goodness of fit; means tests, See Design of Hierarchical cluster 14:8763–8764 experiments analysis Two-sample Van Valen’s Type I error, 1:23, 14:8804. Unacceptable quality level test, 14:8941 See also Hypothesis (UQL), 11:7111, 14:8814 Two-scale wavelet identities, testing Unavailability, 14:8815 15:9047 control charts, 2:1348 Unbalancedness of designs, Two-series theorem, Type bias, 14:8804 measures of, 14:8801–8802 Type II error, 14:8804. See 14:8815–8817 Kolmogorov’s three-series also Hypothesis testing Unbiased confidence theorem closely related, control charts, 2:1348 intervals, 14:8821 14:8801–8802 Type III and type IV errors, Unbiased confidence sets, and truncation, 14:8775 14:8804 12:8021, 14:8820–8821 Two-sex problem, 9:6283. See Type III errors, 14:8804 Unbiased estimation Population, Type IV errors, 14:8804 in adaptive sampling, mathematical theory of Typenlehre der Demographie 1:43–44 Two-sided power (Winkler), 15:9184 Bhattacharyya bounds, distribution, Type-2 P-value, 10:6648 14:8817–8818 9:6303–6304 Typical values, Unbiased estimator, 14:8818 Two-slit interference 14:8804–8806 admissibility, 1:54 patterns, 10:6731–6732 Typology Unbiased grade coefficient, Two-stage least squares, in archaeology, 1:217–222 1:250 14:8802–8803 Unbiasedness, fix-point method, 4:2389 14:8818–8822 distributional inference, Two-stage ranking procedure U-andV statistics, 3:1790 for normal means 14:8807–8809 Unbiasedness in multiple problem, 10:6917 ‘‘Uber¨ einige Abschatzungen¨ tests, 8:5117–5119 Two-stage stochastic von Erwartungswerten’’ Unbiased point estimation, programs, 7:4595 (von Mises), 14:9008 14:8818–8820 Two-step moment estimator Unbiased estimating Unbiased tests, 12:8021, for censored data, 2:798 functions, 3:2072 14:8820–8821 Two-tailed exponential u-Chart, 2:1350 Uncertainty distribution, 6:3963 U-estimable function, coefficient of, 14:8823 Two-tailed test. See 14:8818 in economics, Double-tailed test U-function, 14:8809–8810 14:8823–8827 Two-way classification UI-LMP test, 7:4334 judgments under, unbalanced design Uivariate directed graphs, 6:3787–3790 measures, 14:8814–8815 8:5197–5198 of reported error value, Two-way contingency tables Ulam’s distance, 3:2058 ordered, 2:1302–1306 14:8811 Uncertainty allowances, Two-way layout, 1:612 Ulam’s metric, 14:8811 14:8824 Lehmann contrast Ultrametric, 10:6585, Unconditional basis, estimators, 6:4126 14:8812 15:9054 Two-way tables Ultraspherical polynomials, Unconditional coverage rate, Fisher’s exact and 14:8812–8813 2:1259 Barnard’s tests, Ultrastructural Unconditional forecasts, 4:2351–2356 relationships, 1:688 Fisher’s exact test, 14:8813–8814 Unconditional probability, 4:2360–2361 Ultraviolet divergences, 11:7466 2 x 2 Crossover trials, 10:6741 Unconditional probability 2:1447–1448 Umbrella alternatives, generating function, T-year flood, 10:6808 14:8814 4:2749 9410 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Undercount actuarial science, Uniform norm Current Population 1:33 approximations to Survey, 2:1481, 1488 Uniform distributions, mathematical functions, in the U.S. decennial 14:8852–8855 7:4588 census, 14:8829–8831 Uniform empirical process, Uniform quantile process, Underdispersed population, 8:5194 10:6709 1:57 Uniformity Uniform representation, Underdispersion, 9:5894 Swartz test of, 14:8859 14:8855 Underrepresentation, tests of, 14:8859–8865 Uniform resource, 1:19 14:8935 Uniformity, measures of, Uniform resource of Underutilization, 14:8935 14:8843–8844, population used until Underweight the moment t, 1:19 8855–8858 actuarial health studies Uniforms, 14:8860 indices of segregation, (positive effect), 1:31–32 transformations, 14:8863 14:8857–8858 Undirected graph Uniform sampling related to relative Markvov networks, 7:4536 distribution Undirected-graph inequality, conjugate families of conditional 14:8856–8857 distributions, independence, 2:1196 Uniformity trials, 2:1282–1283 Undirected network, 7:4536 14:8866–8867 Uniform spacings, UN/EDIFACT, 3:1896 Uniformization of Markov 12:7863–7865 Unemployed chains, 14:8867 Unimodality, 14:8867–8870 Current Population Uniform laws of large α-Unimodality, 14:8868 Survey, 2:1476, 1482 numbers, 4:2763 Unimodal regression, labor statistics, Uniformly asymptotically 14:8871–8872 6:3918–3922 negible, 6:4184 Uninformativeness of a Unequal allocation Uniformly convergent in likelihood function, ranked set sampling, probability, 2:735 14:8872 10:6905 Uniformly distributed Uninspected defectives, Unequal probability modulo 1 sequence, 1:322 sampling, 14:8832–8833 14:8850 Union-intersection principle, Unfolding, 14:8834–8836 Uniformly distributed 14:8873–8875 Wicksell’s corpuscle random vector, Union-intersection test, problem, 15:9138 14:8813 14:8873 Unicluster design, 14:8836 Uniformly fractal set, Union-intersection (UI) Unidimensionality, tests of, 4:2473 locally most powerful 14:8837–8840 Uniformly minimum invariant tests, 7:4334 Uniform admissibility, Union-intersection (UI) variance unbiased 1:53–54 principle, 7:4334 estimators, 14:8819 Uniform approximations, to Union of sets, 14:8875 Uniformly most powerful mathematical functions, Union workers test, 1:142, 14:8820 7:4589–4590 Employment Cost Index Uniform designs, Uniformly Pitman-closest, data, 3:1983 14:8841–8849 9:6128 Uniqueness construction, Uniformly resolvable in factor analysis, 8:5152 14:8844–8845 pairwise balanced Uniqueness theorem, of Uniform distribution designs characteristic functions, and trapezoidal uniform design using, 2:851 distribution, 14:8716 14:8845 Uniqueness theorem, Uniform distribution modulo Uniform metric, 14:8867 Shannon’s. See Entropy 1, 14:8850–8852 Uniform minimum variance Unitary functions, 13:8495 Uniform distribution of linear unbiased Unitary matrices, 7:4598 deaths assumption, in estimators, 14:8836 Unitary matrix, 14:8875 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9411

Unit cell, 15:9199 quality control Univariate phase type United Kingdom developments in, distributions, agricultural statistics 10:6685 9:6105–6107 applications, 1:83 United States Bureau of Univariate polynomial banks in, 1:361 Labor Statistics splines, 12:7939–7940 election forecasting in, Current Population Univariate weighted 3:1886–1889 Survey, 2:1475, 1489 distributions, expenditure weights and United States Bureau of the 15:9107–9109 year-on-year indexes, Census, 14:8902–8915 Universal automatic 4:2365 American Statistical computer (UNIVAC), heart disease Association joint use by Census Bureau, epidemiological 14:8914 venture, 1:123 statistics, 3:2025 Universal computer, 2:1130 Current Population marketing surveys, 7:4498 Universal domination, Survey, 2:1475–1490 medical trials, 7:4721 13:8207–8209 data editing applications, purchasing power parity, Universal flip matrix, 9:6073 10:6632 2:1158–1159, 3:1866 Universal probability quality control development of balanced generating function (U developments in, repeated replications, function), 14:8809 10:6686–6687 1:348 Universal set, 14:8998 simulated test market EDI application, 3:1895 Universal test of tests, 7:4508 indices of segregation used randomness, 2:1131 transferable vote system by, 14:8858 Universal thresholding, used in, 3:1893–1894 question-wording effects in 15:9057 United Kingdom Retail Price surveys, 10:6771 Universe, distribution of Index, 4:2366 and X-11 method, 15:9198 galaxies in, 1:255 United Nations AIDS United States Census of Unlikelihood, 14:8887–8888 Program Population and Housing, Unordered probit and logit HIV estimates, 1:84 14:8903, 8904–8907, models, 8:5044–5045 United Nations Common 8909 Unreliability, 14:8888 Database (UN), 14:8876 United States Demographic Unreliability function, United Nations Statistical Sample Surveys, 14:8888 Division (UNSD), 14:8909–8911 Unrestricted matching 14:8876 United States Department of problems, 2:1065–1066 United States Agriculture (USDA) Unrestricted randomization agricultural statistics history of agricultural clinical trials, 2:983 applications, 1:83 surveys, 1:72–80 Unrestricted symmetric agricultural surveys, random walk, United States Economic 1:72–80 11:7039–7040 Census, 14:8903, banks in, 1:361 Unspecified 8907–8908, 8911–8912 fluoride in drinking water, heteroscedasticity, United States Economic 3:2024 5:3123 heart disease Sample Surveys, Unstratified sampling, epidemiological 14:8912–8914 8:5136 statistics, 3:2025 United States House of Unsubstantiated HIV spread in, 1:84, 87, Representatives probabilistic evidence, 91, 92 seats allocated in each U.S. 4:2439 HIV spread in San census, 14:8904–8907 Unsupervised pattern Francisco, 1:93–95, 97 Unit roots, 14:8876 recognition, 2:975 marketing surveys, 7:4498 Unit-root tests, Untilting, 14:8888–8890 medical trials, 7:4721 14:8876–8885 Up-and-down method purchasing power parity, Univariate boxplots, 1:651, (staircase method), 10:6632 654 12:7979–7982 9412 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Up-down permutations, U.S. Economic Census, key experimental design 2:1068 14:8903, 8907–8908, text, 3:1670 UPGMA clustering, 14:8890 8911–8912 summary of subject Upper control limit, 2:1347 U.S. Economic Sample coverage, 3:1672 Upper decile, 3:1557 Surveys, 14:8912–8914 Validation, 3:1861 Upper diagonal matric-t U.S. House of of simulation models, distribution, 7:4599 Representatives 12:7744–7746 Upper-easing inequality. See seats allocated in each U.S. Validity, 14:8939 Martingales census, 14:8904–8907 psychological testing, Upper percentile point, U-Separation 10:6610 9:6054 Markvov networks, 7:4537 variables, 14:8954 Upper quartile, 9:6054 U-Shaped density, 7:4657 Validity diagonals, 8:5140 Upper record times, 10:6996 U-Shaped hazard function. Value-iteration method. See Upper record values, 10:6996 See Bathtub curve Markov processes Upper specification limits, U-Statistics, 10:6475, Value of New Construction 2:739 14:8807–8809, Put in Place, 14:8913 Uptime, 14:8891 8916–8922 Van der Laan identity Urn models, 14:8891–8901 and asymptotic normality, and product integration, and approximations to 1:272 10:6524 distributions, 1:193 and Chernoff-Savage Vandermonde convolution, U.S. Bureau of Labor theorem, 2:884 14:8939 Statistics Usual Pearson chi-square Vandermonde matrix, Current Population test, 1:515 14:8939 Survey, 2:1475, 1489 Usual provider continuity Van der Waerden test. See U.S. Bureau of the Census, index, 14:8923–8924 Normal scores test 14:8902–8915 Uthoff-type tests for heavy Van Montfort-Otten test, American Statistical tails, 14:8924 14:8940–8941 Association joint Utility function Van Rekeningh in Spelen van venture, 1:123 and decision theory, Geluck (Huygens), Current Population 3:1559 5:3275 Survey, 2:1475–1490 probabilistic voting Van Valen’s test, data editing applications, models, 10:6435 14:8941–8944 2:1158–1159, 3:1866 Utility theory, 14:8925–8930 Van Zwet tail ordering, development of balanced and decision theory, 14:8944 repeated replications, 3:1558–1559 Vapnik-Chervonenkis 1:348 Utilization analysis, inequality, EDI application, 3:1895 14:8931–8935 14:8944–8945 indices of segregation used U-type design, 14:8844–8845 Vapnik-Chervonenkis by, 14:8858 shatter coefficient, question-wording effects in 14:8944 surveys, 10:6771 Vacancy, 14:8936–8937 Variable circular plot and X-11 method, 15:9198 coverage processes, 2:1418 method, 14:8694 U.S. Census of Population Vaccine studies, Variables and Housing, 14:8903, 14:8937–8938 control charts, 8904–8907, 8909 Vague prior distributions 2:1347–1348 U.S. Council on Wage and in multivariate Bayesian purposes of, 14:8955–8956 Price Stability, 6:3920 analysis, 8:5159–5160 types of, 14:8954–8957 U.S. Demographic Sample Vajda, S. (1967) The Variables acceptance Surveys, 14:8909–8911 Mathematics of sampling plans, 1:23 U.S. Department of Experimental Variable-sample-size Agriculture (USDA) Design-Incomplete Block sequential probability history of agricultural Designs and Latin ratio test (VPRT), surveys, 1:72–80 Squares 14:8945–8953 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9413

Variables plans. See inverse hyperbolic Vector derivatives, 7:4602, Sampling plans transformations, 4603 Variables plans for process 14:8977 Vectorial data. See parameter, 1:24 square root Directional data analysis Variables plans for transformations, Vector of canonical proportion 14:8976–8977 coefficients, 10:6406 nonconforming, 1:24 Variance upper bounds, Vehicle safety, Variance, 10:6494, 14:8957 14:8978–8981 14:8995–8997 adjusted in Bayes linear Variant, 14:8982 Veil of ignorance, and analysis, 1:387 Variate difference method, Rawlsian theory of estimation by ranked set 14:8982–8984 justice, 6:3793 sampling, 10:6904 Variation Venn, John sample, 14:8973–8975 explained and residual, axioms of probability, Variance, interviewer. See 14:8985–8991 1:329 Interviewer variance neglecting, 4:2238 Venn diagram, 14:8998 Variance bound, Robbins’, Variation, coefficient of. See Verbal scales, 4:2444 14:8957 Coefficient of variation Vernam ciphers Variance components, Variation between groups random sequences for, 4:2385, 2386, anthropological, 1:106 14:8958–8961 1:178–179 Vershik’s class, 14:8998 confidence intervals for, Variation conditional La Versiera (The Witch, independence, Witch of Agnesi), 14:8962–8967 2:1194–1195 15:9189 Variance dilation, Variation diminishing Vertex marking, 1:441 14:8968–8969 property, 12:7962 Vertical density Variance estimation, Keyfitz Variation independence, representation, method for, 2:1191 14:8998–8999 14:8970–8971 Variation-independent Vestnik Statistiki (The Variance function, variable, 2:1194 Messenger of Statistics), 14:8971–8972 Variation ratio, 14:8991 14:8999–9000 Variance inequalities, Variation reducing property, Video cameras 14:8980 12:7962 forcomputervision, Variance inflation factors, Variation within groups 2:1164 2:1072, 14:8972 anthropological, Vingt-et-un, 1:602 conditioning diagnostics, 1:177–178 Vinograd theorem, 14:9000 2:1239 Varimax, 10:6743 Vintage method. See Hedonic Variance-ratio, 14:8972 Varimax criterion, 8:5153 index numbers Variance-ratio distribution, Varimax method, 14:8992 Vintage price method, 14:8972 Variogram, 14:8993–8994 5:3110 Variance-ratio Vartia indexes, 7:4361 Virology transformation, Væth’s estimator, of expected applied probability 14:8972–8973 survival curves, studies, 1:188 Variance reduction, 3:2141–2142 Virtual waiting-time process. Lehmann-Scheffe´ Vec operator, 7:4605, See Takacs´ process theorem. See 14:8994–8995 Vitality measure, Lehmann-Scheffe´ Vec-permutation matrix, 14:9004–9005 theorem 9:6073, 6074 Vital rates, 10:6961 Variances Vector alienation coefficient, Vital statistics, 1:552, pooling, 9:6271–6272 2:1386 14:9000–9004 Variance stabilization, Vector Analysis, Founded Viterbi algorithm, 14:8975–8977 Upon the Lectures of J. 7:4533 angular transformations, Willard Gibbs (Wilson), V-mask. See Cumulative 14:8976 15:9176 sum control charts 9414 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

VN -test. See Goodness of fit Vries-Novak estimator, Wald’s tests. See Wald’s Vocabulary distribution, 13:8530–8531 W-statistics 15:9038 V-Statistics, 14:8807–8809, Wald’s W-statistic, Volatility clustering, 9013–9015 15:9028–9029 1:207–209 related to U-statistics, Wald test of marginal financial time series, 14:8919 symmetry. See Marginal 4:2317 symmetry Volatility modeling Wald variance component W. Edwards Deming confidence interval financial time series, Institute, 3:1591 procedure, 14:8966 4:2319 Wages and Income in the Wald-Wolfowitz Volterra derivative. See United Kingdom Since permutational central Statistical functionals 1860 (Bowley), 1:635 limit theorem, 2:884 Volterra expansions, WAGR test, 15:9017 14:9005 WAID Wald-Wolfowitz two-sample Voluntary response sample, data imputation test. See Runs 11:7548 application, 3:1867 Wales Von Mises, Richard Martin, Waiting time distribution heart disease 14:9007–9009 and factorial series epidemiological and axioms of probability, distributions, 4:2228 statistics, 3:2025 1:329 Waiting times. See Takacs´ Wallis and Moore Von Mises distribution. See process phase-frequency test, Directional distributions Wakeby distributions, 15:9029 Von Mises expansions, 15:9017–9018 Wallis’ formula, 15:9029 14:9005–9007 Wald, Abraham, Walsh averages, 15:9030 Von Mises-Fisher matrix 15:9018–9020 Walsh-Fourier series, distribution, 7:4618 collaboration with 15:9031 Von Mises’ step distribution Wolfowitz, 1:192 Walsh-Fourier transforms, approximation, 13:8172 Wald, Anscombe, Girshick, 15:9031 Von Neumann-ratio and Rushton (WAGR) Walsh functions, 10:6788, Lagrange multiplier test, 15:9017 15:9031 unit-root test, 14:8880 Wald-Bartlett slope Walsh index, 7:4568 Von Neumann’s ergodic estimation, Walsh-Kaczmarz system, theorem, 3:2052 15:9020–9021 10:6789 Von Neumann statistic. See Wald-Hoeffding inequality in Wandering-quarter Serial correlation, sequential analysis, sampling, 15:9031–9032 Durbin-Watson test for; 11:7615–7616 Ward’s clustering algorithm, Successive differences Wald interval, 1:506 15:9032–9035 Voprosy Statistiki (Questions Wald’s chi-square tests, Ward’s error sum of squares of Statistics), 14:9000 2:933–934 method, 15:9033 Voronoi tessellations, Wald’s decision theory, Wargentin, Pehr Wilhelm, 10:6885 15:9021–9024 15:9035–9037 Voting models. See Wald’s distribution, 6:3681 Wargentin’s mortality tables, Probabilistic voting Wald’s equation, 15:9037 models 15:9025–9026 Waring distribution, probabilistic, Wald’s estimator b, 15:9021 1:593–594 10:6434–6439 Wald’s identity-applications, and factorial series transferable vote systems, 15:9026–9027 distributions, 4:2231 3:1893–1894 Wald’s lemma, 15:9025 Yule distribution as Voting paradox, Wald’s risk function, 15:9022 generalization of, 14:9010–9012 Wald statistics, 15:9028 15:9215 and Ostrogorski paradox, higher-order asymptotics, Waring-Herdan models, 9:5885 1:288 15:9038 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9415

Waring’s distribution. See nonorthogonal bases, Dagum system of income Factorial series 15:9049–9053 and wealth distributions; Yule statistical applications, distributions, distribution 15:9060–9061 5:3363–3376 Waring’s theorem, 1:46 suitable for uniform lognormalusefulfor, War modeling, in design, 14:8847 7:4397 catastrophe theory, Wavelet shrinkage Wear processes, 2:760 paradigm, 15:9056–9060 15:9069–9071 Warning limits, 2:1348 Wave-particle duality, Weather Warning lines, 15:9038 10:6730 epidemiological statistics, Wasserstein distance, Weak admissibility, 1:53 3:2018 15:9038 Weak convergence, Weather forecasting Wastage, statistical analysis 14:8877–8878 Brier score, 15:9071–9072 of, 7:4479–4480 Weak convergence; Epstein scoring rule in, Water statistical applications 15:9072–9073 fluoride in drinking water, of, 15:9065–9066 statistics in, 1:291–293 3:2024 Weak data, 15:9067–9069 Weather modification, mixture data analysis of Weak E-unbiasedness, 15:9073–9084 solubility of 8:5118 and atmospheric statistics, phenobarbital, Weak form of Zipf’s law, 1:291 7:4875–4879 15:9224 Weather prediction. See Waterman’s formula, 2:1059 Weak incidence functions Weather forecasting Watermelon random set of points, Weaver’s surprise index, general acceptance values 10:6880 13:8454–8455 in fruit blends, Weakly asymptotically Weber-Fechner equation, 7:4872–4875 Gaussian experiments, 10:6606 Water Pollution Control Act 1:280 Weber function, fixed-station networks, Weakly convergence of 15:9085–9086 4:2387 experiments, 1:280 Weber’s law, 10:6621 and risk management, Weakly ergodic chain, 7:4555 Weddle’s rule, 15:9086 11:7288 Weakly ergodic Markov Wedge estimator, 15:9087 Watson’s distribution, chain, 7:4555 15:9039 Weakly Pareto optimal Wedgelet coefficient, 1:442 and girdle distributions, alternative, 9:5941 Wedgelets, 1:442. See 4:2858 Weakly stationary process, Beamlets and multiscale Watson’s U2, 15:9039–9041 15:9069 modeling approximations to Weakly unbiasedness, Wedgelet transform, 1:442 distributions, 1:196 3:1790 Weerahandi variance and empirical distribution Weak median, 7:4657 component confidence function, 3:1953 Weak order, 14:8926 interval procedure, test of uniformity, 14:8862 Weak Pareto principle, 14:8965 Wave-cutting index, 15:9042 9:5938–5939 Weibull distribution, Wavefunctions, 10:6729 Weak Pareto relation on the 15:9087–9091 Wavelet basis, 15:9043 set, 9:5939 and Burr distributions, Wavelet coefficients, 15:9045 Weak Pareto rule, 9:5939 1:679–680 empirical, 15:9048–9049 Weak Pareto set, 9:5941 estimation by method of Wavelet Digest, 15:9062 Weak PC-unbiasedness, moments, 3:2093, 2095 Wavelet miracle, 15:9055 8:5118 Mann-Fertig test statistic Wavelets, 15:9042–9062 Weak records, 10:7000–7001 for, 15:9094–9096 multiresolution analysis Weak stationarity, 15:9069 Savage test for, 11:7446 and successive Weak S-unbiasedness, three-parameter, 15:9090 refinement, 8:5118 two-parameter, 15:9046–9047 Wealth 15:9088–9090, 9094 9416 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Weibull distribution, Weighted empirical Weiler’s index of (continued) processes, genesis and discrepancy, 15:9122 Watson’s U2 test for, application of, Weiler’s index of goodness of 15:9041 15:9112–9115 fit, 15:9122–9123 and wear, 15:9070 Weighted least squares, Weirstrass approximation Weiss-type estimators of 15:9116–9118 theorem, 15:9102 shape parameters, and Aitken equations, and Bernstein 15:9125–9126 1:103 polynomials, 1:474–475 Weibull-exponential Weighted least squares rank Weiss test of independence, distribution, 15:9096 estimators, 15:9123–9125 Weibull model. See Weibull 15:9119–9120 Weiss-type estimators of Weighted logarithmic series distribution shape parameters, distribution, 1:592 Weibull parameters, Menon 15:9125–9126 Weighted logit estimators for, Welch-Aspin solution, to decision rule, 10:6644 15:9096–9097 Behrens-Fisher problem, Weibull-Poisson process, Weighted means, 2:1075–1076 1:444–448 15:9097 Welch’s nu-criterion, Weibull populations, Weighted multidimensional scaling, 8:5027, 15:9126–9127 Schafer-Sheffield Welch tests, 15:9127–9129 comparison test for, 5030–5031 Lee-Gurland test 15:9097–9098 and proximity data, compared, 1:456–457 Weibull processes, 10:6584 Weldon,W.F.R. 15:9098–9102 Weighted normal plots, 15:9120–9122 and Biometrics School, Weighed least square Weighted Poisson process, 1:176 estimators, 15:9117 9:6204 Weldon, Walter Frank Weighing designs, Weighted proration Raphael, 15:9130–9132 15:9102–9105 estimator Well-calibrated forecasts, Weighing problem, crop estimation with 15:9132–9134 15:9102–9203 satellite data, 2:1444 Well calibrated probability Weight, of symmetric Weighted quasilinear mean, function partition, assessment, 1:243 15:9122 13:8495 Well-conditioned system, Weighted residual empirical 2:1237 Weight bias, 15:9106 processes, 15:9115 Weighted average Well-numbering, 2:1197 Weighted sum of logs Welsch’s GAPA test, Tukey’s inequality for decision rule, 10:6644 optimal weights, 14:8785 8:5105 Weighted symmetric random Westberg adaptive Weighted bivariate binomial variable, 15:9122 combination of tests, distribution, 1:593 Weighted symmetry, 15:9122 13:8586–8588 Weighted bivariate discrete Weighted varimax, 14:8992 Westenberg test of distributions, 1:593 Weighted version, weighted dispersion, 3:1777–1778 Weighted bivariate negative distributions, 15:9107 binomial distribution, Weight functions, of grouped data, 10:6936 1:593 weighted distributions, Westergaard, Harald Weighted bivariate Poisson 15:9108–9109 Ludwig, 15:9134–9135 distribution, 1:593 Weighting Western Europe Weighted correlation, P-value combinations, HIV spread in, 1:87 2:1392–1393 10:6644–6645 West Germany Weighted distributions, Weight of an array. See heart disease 15:9107–9111 Strength of an array epidemiological and posterior Weight of evidence, 4:2441 statistics, 3:2025 distributions, Weights purchasing power paritity, 15:9109–9110 rank tests, 10:6934 10:6632 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9417

Westlake’s symmetric Wicksell’s corpuscle problem, Wilcoxon, Frank, confidence interval, 15:9138–9139 15:9147–9149 1:541–542 Wide-sense Bayes decision Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test Weyl fractional rule, 15:9023 and Conover’s integrodifferential, Wide-sense-multiscaling, squared-rank test, 4:2494 10:6811 12:7961 Weyl inequality, 15:9135 Wieand’s theorem. See Wilcoxon rank sum test Weyl’s criterion, Bahadur efficiency, and Wilcoxon-type scale 14:8850–8851 approximate tests, 15:9154–9155 Wheat Wiener, Norbert, Wilcoxon scores, 15:9150 agricultural surveys, 1:77 15:9144–9146 Wilcoxon signed rank test, cross-validation studies, Wiener chain, 15:9139 15:9150–9152 2:1455–1456 Wiener-Hopf equation, as distribution-free test, Wherry cleanup factor 15:9145. See also 15:9151 analysis, 4:2222 Prediction and filtering, as rank test, 10:6934 Whiskers, bivariate boxplots, linear; Wiener, Norbert and Tukey’s confidence 1:652 Wiener-Hopf factorization, interval, 14:8783 White-collar workers 15:9140 Wilcoxon-two sample Employment Cost Index Wiener-Hopf technique, statistic, 14:8917 data, 3:1982 5:3566–3567 Wilcoxon-type scale tests, White noise, 1:646. See Noise Wiener integral, 15:9153–9155 White tests of 15:9143–9144 Wilcoxon-type tests for misspecification. See Wiener-Kolmogorov ordered alternatives in Misspecification, white prediction theory, randomized blocks, tests of 15:9139–9142, 9146 15:9156–9162 Whittaker equation, 15:9136 parametric and Wilcoxon-type trend tests, Whittaker functions, 15:9136 nonparametric 14:8749 Whittaker-Henderson approaches, 15:9142 Wildlife management, graduation, Wiener-Levy´ theorem, 15:9164 4:2897–2900 15:9145 Wildlife sampling, Whittaker-Henderson Wiener measure, 15:9164–9167 graduation formulas. 15:9143–9144 adaptive sampling See Graduation, Wiener process, 3:1695, application, 1:42 Whitaker-Henderson 7:4561, 15:9145 biogeography, 1:543–547 Whittaker interpolation absolute continuity of capture-recapture formula, in actuarial probability measures, methods, 2:743–752 science, 1:34 1:6, 8 mixing distributions, Whittaker-type and Kiefer process, 7:4881 distributions, 15:9136 6:3848 transect methods, Whittemore’s collapsibility. quantile process, 14:8694–8697 See Multidimensional 10:6710–6713 Wild shot. See Outliers contingency tables total positivity application, Wild value. See Outliers Whittinghill 14:8669 Wiley Publications in (Potthoff-Whittinghill and wear, 15:9071 Statistics series, tests of homogeneity), Wiener’s Brownian motion, 15:9168–9169 5:3217–3220 1:673–674, 3:1695 Wilkinson’s combinations of Whittle equivalence theorem fractals related to, P-values, 13:8584 of D-optimality, 4:2473 decision rule, 10:6644 3:1821–1822 Wiener space Wilkinson shift, Whittle likelihood, Malliavin calculus and 10:6653 15:9136–9137 statistics, 7:4458–4460 Wilk-Kempthorne formulas Wholesale Price Indexes, Wijsman’s representation for for analysis of variance, 10:6520 invariants, 6:3662–3663 1:141–142 9418 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Wilks, Samuel Stanley, death-rate correlation and Wiener-Kolmogorov 15:9168–9169 coefficients for certain prediction theory, contributions to factors, 3:2027 15:9140 multivariate analysis, Winer, B. J. (1971) Wolfowitz, Jacob, 8:5143 Statistical Principles in 15:9192–9194 Wilks’ lambda, 8:5146, Experimental Design collaboration with Wald, 15:9169–9172 key experimental design 15:9019, 9023 MANOVA application, text, 3:1670 Wolfowitz accuracy, 1:26 8:5164 summary of subject Wolfowitz inequality, Wilks’ lambda criterion, coverage, 3:1672 15:9193, 9195 15:9169–9172 Wings, 15:9183 Woodbury’s generalized alternative expressions Winkler, Wilhelm, Bernoulli model, 4:2695 for, 15:9170–9171 15:9183–9184 Woodroofe’s inversion Willcox, Walter Francis, Winsorization, formula, 6:3698–3699 15:9173–9174 14:8765–8770, 8773 Woolf’s test, 15:9195–9196 William’s statistic, and robustification, Woolhouse’s summation 15:9174 11:7338–7339 formula, 13:8422 Williams’ test of trend, Winsorized means, tests for, Word, 1:355 15:9174–9175 14:8762–8764 Word association analysis Williams-Tukey variance Winsorizing, 14:8763 weighted distribution component confidence Wishart, J. application, 15:9111 interval procedure, Working frequency and analysis of covariance, 14:8965 moments, 10:6483 1:126 Williams v. Florida, 6:4093 Working Group for Modern collaboration with Wilson, Edwin Bidwell, Astronomical Bartlett, 1:369 15:9176–9177 Methodology, 1:254 contributions to Wilson-Hilferty Working-Hotelling-Scheffe´ multivariate analysis, approximation for Confidence bands, 8:5143 chi-square 2:1244–1246, 8:5062 Wishart distribution, as moment approximation Working probability 15:9184–9188 procedure, 8:4941 moments, 10:6483 Paulson approximation and zonal polynomials, Workmen’s compensation from combination with 15:9228 claims Fieller’s approximation, Wishart matrices risk theoretical model, 9:6023–6024 and random matrices, 11:7297 Wilson-Hilferty 10:6863 Works Progress transformation, 14:8703, and Wilk’s lambda Administration 15:9176 criterion, 15:9169 Current Population Wilson interval, 1:506 Witch of Agnesi, Survey, 2:1475, 1489 Winckler-Gauss inequalities, 15:9188–9189 World Fertility Survey, 15:9177–9178 Witch’s hat distribution, 4:2288 Winckler-Von Mises type 15:9189 World Health Organization inequalities, 15:9178 Within block trend tests, antenatal care Window estimators, 15:9182 14:8753 randomized trial, 2:1010 Window function, Witt designs, 15:9190 World Heath Organization 2 15:9180–9182 WN -test. See Goodness of fit (WHO) Window plot, 15:9178–9179 Wold,HermanO.A., HIV estimates, 1:84 Window width, 15:9190–9192 World population 15:9180–9182 levels of pattern projections, and bandwidth selection, recognition, 2:878 9:6288–6289 1:358, 360 Wold decomposition, World Statistics Pocketbook Wine 15:9190–9191 (UN), 14:8876 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15 9419

Worsley-Hunter probability key experimental design and Zeta distribution, bounds, 10:6444 text, 3:1670 15:9223 Wrap-around summary of subject Yule process, 15:9217 L2-discrepancy, 14:8843 coverage, 3:1672 Yule scheme, 15:9217 Wrapped distributions, Yates, Frank, 15:9211–9212 Yule’s coefficient of 15:9196 and analysis of variance, association (Yule’s Q), Wrapped-up Cauchy 1:134 1:249, 15:9217–9218 distribution, balanced incomplete use with multivariate 15:9196–9197 blocks, 1:604 binary data, 1:490 Wrapped-up distributions, Yates’ algorithm, Yule’s coefficient of 15:9196 15:9208–9210, 9211 colligation (Yule’s Y), Wright-Fisher model, of Yates’ correction for 15:9218 evolutionary genetics, continuity, 2:1307–1308 Yule’s Q, 15:9217–9218 3:2121 Yates-Durbin rule, Yule’s Y, 15:9218 Wright’s process capability 15:9210–9211, 9212 index, 10:6506–6512 Yates-Hotelling weighing Zakai equation Wu-Hausman specification problem, 15:9102 computer vision test. See Hausman Yates’ table, 15:9208 applications, 2:1166, specification test Yates’ technique, 1168–1169 15:9208 Zaremba’s modified Year Book of the Institute of Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon X-11 ARIMA method, Actuaries, 6:3781 test, 7:4478–4479 15:9199 Yenyukov’s index for Zeitschrift fur ¨ Wahrschein- Current Population projection pursuit, lichkeitstheorie, 1:186, Survey, 2:1489 10:6564–6565 190 and trend, 14:8729 Yield forecasting, in Zeitschrift fur ¨ Wahrschein- X-bar chart, 2:1347, 10:6680 agricultural surveys, lichkeitstheorie und X-11 method, 15:9198–9199 1:73, 78–79 Verwandte Gebiete, Current Population Yield models, forests, 10:6491 Survey, 2:1489 4:2454 Zelen’s inequalities, 15:9219 and trend, 14:8729 Yoke, 15:9213–9214 Zelen’s randomized clinical X-ray crystallography, and differential geometry, trials, 2:998 15:9199–9206 3:1692–1693 Zellner estimator for X-ray diffraction maxima, and strings, 12:8010, 8011 seemingly unrelated 15:9199 Youden’s misclassification regression, X − Y plotter, 15:9206 index, 7:4849 11:7522–7523 Youden squares, Zenga’s concentration curve Yang-Mills Gauge models, in 15:9214–9215 and index, 2:1177–1180 quantum physics, and trend-free block Zero control method 10:6742 designs, 14:8730 data editing application, Yanson (Jahnson), Yulii Young tableaux, 2:1067 3:1863 Eduardovich, 15:9207 Yuen-Dixon test, Zero degrees of freedom, Yao test 14:8763–8764 15:9219–9220 and Behrens-Fisher Yukich metric, 15:9215 Zero factorial, 15:9221 problem, 1:451 Yule, George Udny, Zero-infinity dilemma, Yarnold’s criterion, 15:9216–9217 10:6946 15:9207–9208 and controversy over Zero-modified Poisson Yastremskii, Boris two-by-two-tables, distributions, 2:954 Sergeyevich, 15:9208 14:8791 Zero-numerator problem, Yates, F. (1970) Yule distribution, 15:9215, 11:7379 Experimental Design: 9217 Zero-one laws, 15:9221–9222 Selected Papers of Frank and factorial series Zero-order correlation, Yates distributions, 4:2231 15:9222 9420 CUMULATIVE INDEX, VOLUMES 1–15

Zeros in contingency tables, Zeta distributions, Zonal polynomial sums, 2:1306 15:9222–9223, 9223 15:9229 Zero-sum two-person games Zhao-Prentice model Zone chart. See Strata chart and probabilistic voting multivariate binary data, Z-test of normality, 15:9231 models, 10:6435 1:494–495 Z-transformation. See Wald’s contributions, Zipf’s law, 15:9217, 9222, Fisher’s 15:9020, 9023 9223–9224 Z-transformation Zero-truncated distribution, Zonal polynomials, Zyskind-Martin models, 3:1556, 15:9108 15:9225–9229 15:9231–9232