Appendix E: Natural, Cultural, and Scenic Resources Planning and Analysis Reports
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TAB1 Appendix E TAB2 TAB3 Sue Copeland TAB4 TAB5 TAB6 Resources Planning and Analysis Reports Appendix E: Natural, Cultural, and Scenic Fremont Older Open Space Preserve Space Open Older Fremont TAB7 Appendix E-1: Cultural Resources Existing Conditions Report for the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District Vision Plan Prepared for: Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District 330 Distel Circle, Los Altos, CA 94022 August 2013 Prepared by: Hannah Ballard, M.A. Elena Reese, M.A. Pacific Legacy, Incorporated 900 Modoc Street, Berkeley, CA 94707 Mark Hylkema, M.A., RPA Past Lifeways Archaeological Studies 225 Eureka Court, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 Appendix E: Natural, Cultural, and Scenic Resources Planning and Analysis Reports TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Goals of this Study .............................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Project Area ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Cultural Resource Team ....................................................................................................... 2 2.0 Regional Prehistoric and Historic Background ........................................................... 5 2.1 Native American Prehistory and History .................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Conceptualizing the Native American Cultural Landscape ....................................................... 5 2.1.2 Cultural Prehistory ...................................................................................................... 7 2.1.3 Outline of Tribal Lifeways at European Contact ................................................................. 19 2.2 Historical Overview ........................................................................................................... 34 2.2.1 Spanish Period (1776–1821) .......................................................................................... 34 2.2.2 Mexican Republic Period (1821–1848) .............................................................................. 37 2.2.3 American Period (1848–Present) .................................................................................... 40 3.0 Community Consultation .................................................................................. 49 4.0 Cultural Resources Overview ............................................................................. 51 4.1 Baseline Cultural Resources Inventory ..................................................................................... 51 4.1.1 Record and Information Search Methods ........................................................................... 51 4.1.2 Baseline Cultural Resources Inventory Results .................................................................... 51 5.0 Discussion ................................................................................................... 61 5.1 Cultural Resource Distribution within Environmental Zones ........................................................... 61 5.1.2 Prehistoric Resource Types and Distribution ...................................................................... 64 5.1.3 Historic Period Resource Types and Distribution ................................................................. 67 5.2 Representative Resource Analysis .......................................................................................... 70 5.2.1 Prehistoric Cultural Resources ....................................................................................... 71 5.2.2 Historic Period Resources ............................................................................................ 72 6.0 Summary and Conclusions ................................................................................ 77 7.0 References Cited ........................................................................................... 78 Appendix E-1a: Community Consultation Documentation ................................................. 86 FIGURES Figure 1-1: Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District Lands. ................................................................. 3 Figure 1-2: Generalized Geographic Divisions within the MROSD District ..................................................... 4 Figure 2-1. Distribution of selected archaeological sites ...................................................................... 10 Figure 2-2: Distribution of Tribes at the time of European contact ......................................................... 23 Figure 2-3: Route of the Portola expedition of 1769 (North) ................................................................. 28 Figure 2-4: Route of the Portola expedition of 1769 (South) ................................................................. 29 Appendix E-1: Cultural Resources Existing Conditions Report Appendix E: Natural, Cultural, and Scenic Resources Planning and Analysis Reports TABLES Table 2-1. Culture Chronology of the Southern San Francisco Bay Region .................................................... 7 Table 2-2. Key Game Species ...................................................................................................... 18 Table 2-3. Economically Significant Species ..................................................................................... 19 Table 2-4. Summary of Mexican Land Grants .................................................................................... 38 Table 3-1. Record of Native American Contact ................................................................................. 49 Table 4-1. Baseline Cultural Resources Inventory: Identified Cultural Resources within District OSPs ............... 53 Table 5-1. Summary of Distribution of Cultural Resources in the Environmental Zones .................................. 62 Table 5-2. Cultural Resource Land Use Categories ............................................................................. 65 Table 5-3. Summary of Distribution of Predicted Native American Cultural Attributes and Resource Types by OSP and Environmental Zones ................................................................................................... 66 Table 5-4. Best Examples of Historic Period Resources within District OSPs ............................................... 73 Appendix E-1: Cultural Resources Existing Conditions Report Appendix E: Natural, Cultural, and Scenic Resources Planning and Analysis Reports 1.0 INTRODUCTION of cultural resources are present both within and adjacent to District Lands and in archives containing 1.1 Introduction important data relevant to the District’s landholdings. The Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District Physical aspects of human prehistory and history are (District) is conducting a District wide vision manifest on landscapes in the form of past land planning process called Imagine the Future of Open management practices, archaeological sites, Space. Imagine the Future of Open Space will structures, features and artifacts that are collectively integrate technical scientific studies and public input referred to as “Cultural Resources.” Public to guide the District’s work for at least the next 15 to Resources Code 5024 requires that public 20 years. The District is a regional greenbelt system landholding agencies maintain an inventory of in the San Francisco Bay Area that includes San cultural resources and evaluate their potential Mateo, Santa Clara, and a small portion of Santa Cruz eligibility for listing on the National Register of counties. The District lands (herein District Lands) Historic Places (NRHP) or the California Register of consist of property owned by the District- including Historic Places (CRHR). Furthermore, such 26 Open Space Preserves (OSPs) and lands managed agencies, like MROSD must actively preserve and by the District but owned by Land Trust and private protect these resources from impacts resulting from landowners. The District includes 60,000 acres, project development, public access, looting or other which serves over 700,000 residents. Imagine the forces that would otherwise diminish the their Future of Open Space is focused on the District’s integrity. mission of preserving open space with a balanced Planning for stewardship of cultural resources in the approach to restoring the natural environment and District requires a grounded understanding of their increasing public access and education (Midpeninsula existing condition, their nature, and the associated Regional Open Space District 2013). historic contexts. To this end, this report details the Jodi McGraw Consulting contracted with Pacific research on cultural resources conducted for the Legacy and Mark Hylkema of Past Lifeways Vision Plan and forms the foundation for the Archaeological Studies (Past Lifeways) to conduct Stewardship Guide (Ballard and Hylkema 2013). The cultural resource investigations for Imagine the following report includes a discussion of the regional Future of Open Space. Pacific Legacy and Past prehistoric and historic background; community Lifeways were tasked with identifying known cultural consultation; a Baseline Cultural Resources Inventory resources within the Districts Lands (Figure 1-1), for the