Rediagnosis of the Marbled Flathead, marmoratus (: Teleostei: ), with Title Comments on the Composition of the Type Series

Author(s) Imamura, Hisashi

Species diversity : an international journal for , systematics, speciation, biogeography, and life history Citation research of , 11(4), 295-306

Issue Date 2006-11-30

Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/46801

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Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Species Diversity, 2006, ll, 295-306

Rediagnosis of the Marbled Flathead, Platycephalus marmora- ius (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Platycephalidae), With

Comments on the Composition of仙e Type Series

IIisashi Imamura

The Hokkaido University Museum, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Um'uersity, 31111 MinatoICho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611 Japan E-mail: imamura@museum. hokudai.ac.jp

(Received 8 May 2006; Accepted 30 August 2006)

The taxonomic characters of the marbled flathead, Platycephalus mar- moratus Stead, 1908, are described and evaluated. In addition to the marbled body and dark brown to black caudalBn, the following combination of char- acters separates it from the other 14 species of the genusPlalycephalus: 13 second dorsaland anal finrays; 63-70 scales in the lateral line, with all pored scales lacking spines; snout and interorbit naked; no strong canine teeth on the jaws, palatines, and vomer; interopercularflap absent; and skinny sen- Sory tubes on the suborbitals and preopercle partially covering the cheek re-

gion. It has been con丘rmed that the type series of the species was composed of the holotype and one paratype,although the paratype is presumably no

longer extant. Key Words: Actinopterygii, Platycephalidae, Platycephalus TnarmOratuS, taxonomic characters, diagnosis, redescription, paratype.

In tro d uction

Stead (1908) described a new species of flathead, Platycephalus marmoratus Stead, 1908, and proposed "marbledflathead" as its English name, in reference to the marbled markings on the body and head. No other species of Platycephalus Bloch, 1795 lsensu Imamura (1996), who synonymized Neoplatycephalus Castelnau,

1872 under the genus】 has a marbled pattem on the body and head. In alcohol, spec- imens of Platycephalus marmoratusalSo have a more extensive area of dark brown to black in the caudalfin than is present in other species of Platycephalus.Al- though P. marmoralus is easily distinguished from its congeners when coloration is reasonably well retained, these characters may not be available in long-pre- served specimens (for example, the holotype of this species is considerably faded) (Fig. 1). Although several authors have briefly described some or the morphologi- cal characters of P. marmoraius, e.g,, Knapp (1991) and Imamura (1996), who pro- vided selected meristic values, and osteological and mycological characters, re- spectively, no study has compared P. marmoratus with its congeners in detail. The purpose of this study is to redescribe Platycephalus marmoratus based on the holotype and other material, Compare its taxonomic characters (other than color) with other species of Platycephalus, and present an emended diagnosis. Also, the statusof the paratype ofP. marmoratus is clarified and a previous inter- 296 Hisashi lmamura pretation of composition of the type series is corrected.

Materials and Methods

Counts and measurements were made fわllowing Hubbs and Lagler (1958). Gill Takers were counted on the right side. Measurements were made with calipers to the nearest 0.1mm. Length of the arst dorsal an base excludes the isolated spine between the dorsalfins. Terminology of head spines follows Knapp et al. (2000). Institutional acronyms are from Leviton et al. (1985) except for SAIAB (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, formerly RUSI). Standard and head lengths are abbreviated as SL and HL, respectively.

Taxonomic Account

Platycephalus marmoratus Stead, 1908

(Figs l一端)

Platycephalus marmoratus Stead, 1908: 9, pls 3-5 (type locality: Port Stephens, Aus- tralia); McCulloch 1929: 402; Coleman 1980: 109, an unnumbered color agure; Hutchins and Thompson 1983: 78, ag. 112; Hutchins and Swainston 1986: 127, fig. 204; Paxton et al. 1989: 469; Knapp 1991: 29; Kuiter 1993: 104, two unnum- bered color Bgures; Imamura 1996: 125; Hutchins 2001: 28; Grant 2004: 196, pl. 89, an unnumbered color plate.

Material examined. Holotype: AMS I.15260, 310.4mm SL, Port Stephens, June 1904. 0ther material. Seven specimens, all collected from New South Wales, Aus- tralia: AMS I.15279, 471.6mm SL, data unknown, con. D. Stead; AMS I.20721-002, 270.9mm SL, Coffs Harbour, 30018'S, 153008'E, 80m depth, 13 August 1978, colt. I. Hooper; AMS I.20870-001, 151.8mm SL (dissected by lmamura 1996), Bondi Beach,

Sydney, 33053'S, 151015'E, 30 0ctober 1977, coll. R. Kuiter; AMS I.22129-004, 309.5mm SL, North Coast, 1978, coll. J. Hooper; AMS I.25663-013, 169.5mm SL, southeast of Yamba, 29034'S, 153025'E, 49-53m depth, 24 March 1985, coil. FRV Ka- pala; AMS I.25665-026, 184.6mm SL, northeast of Yamba, 29021′S, 153029′E, 49-51 m depth, 21 May 1985, colt. FRV Kapala', AMS I.27322-006, 173.Omm SL, off Tuncurry,

32008'S-32006′S, 152031′E-152033′E, 26A7m depth, 1 October 1985, coll. FRV Kapala. Diagnosis (emended). A species of Platycephalus with 13 second dorsal and anal an rays; 63-70 pored scales in lateral line, each with one exterior opening pos- teriorly and lacking spine; 2+8-ll (7-ll in Knapp 1991) gill rakers; snout and in- terorbit naked; lower opercular spine slightly longer than upper one; no strong ca- nine teeth on Jaws, palatine, or vomer; interopercular nap absent; margln Of in- teropercle not scalloped; skinny sensory tubes from suborbitals and preopercle partially covering cheek region. Description. Data are presented丘rst for all specimens, then for the holotype (in parentheses). Counts: dorsal an spines I-ⅤⅠ-ⅤⅠH or ∫-ⅤⅠⅠ-ⅤⅠⅠⅠ (Ⅰ-ⅤⅠⅠ); second dorsal丘n rays 13 Taxonomic characters or a platycephalid 297

Fig. 1. Platycephalus marmoratus Stead, 1908, AMS I.15260, holotype, 310.4mm SL, Port

Stephens, NSW, Australia, entire in dorsal vieⅥ∴

Fig. 2. Platycephalus marmoratus Stead, 1908, AMS I.256651026, 184.6mm SL, northeast of Yamba, NSW, Australia, entire animal in dorsal (upper), lateral (middle), and ventral (lower) VleWS. 298 Hisashi lmamura C二つ

3mm Fig. 3. Iris lappet (left eye) of Platycephalus marmoratus Stead, 1908, AMS I.25665-026, 184.6 mm SL, northeast or Yamba, NSW, Australia.

(13); anal an rays 13 (13); pectoral an rays 1-2 (upper, unbranched)+ll-14 (middle, branched)+仁一8 (lower, unbranched)-20-22 (2+12+7-21); pelvicfin rays I, 5 (I, 5); branched caudalfin rays 5-渇(upper)+5-づ(lower)-1ト12 (6+6-12); pored scales in lateral line 63-70 (66), au scales without spines; Oblique body scale rows slanting downward and backward above lateral line 107-119 (108); gill rakers 2+8-ll-1仁一13 (2+8-10). Proportions as % SL: HL 28.1-29.7 (28.9); predorsal length 31.5133.6 (32.6); length offirst dorsalfin base 15.8120.4 (17.7); length of second dorsalfin base 34.91 36.5 (36.1); length of analfin base 38.3AO.8 (38.8); caudal peduncle length 6.9-10.6 (7.9); caudal peduncle depth 3.8A.4 (3.8); snout length 8.8-9.4 (9.2); orbital diameter 4.5-5.9 (4.9); upper jaw length ll.1-12.3 (ll.5); lower jaw length 15.4-16.2 (15.4); in- terorbital width 3.8J.3 (5.1); postorbital length 14.1-15.8 (15.2); suborbital width 2.5-3.0 (2.8); pectoralfin length 13.5-15.9 (14.2); pelvicfin length 21.9-24.1 (22.1); cau- dal丘n length 15.5-19.8 (17.5); length offirst spine offirst dorsalfin 0.6-3.2 (0.6); length of second spine offirst dorsal丘n 13.4-14.8 (14,8); length offirst ray of second dorsalfin 7.2-13.1 (10.7); length offirst analfin ray 6.8-10.1 (6.8). Proportions as % HL: snout length 29.8-32.3 (31.9); orbital diameter 15.2-20.1 (16.8); upper jaw length 38.1-42.1 (39.8); lower jaw length 53.3155.5 (53.3)･, interor- bital width 13.6-21.4 (17.6); postorbital length 50.1-53.4 (52.5); suborbital width 8.3- 10.2(9.7). Body greatly depressed, mostly covered with ctenoid scales, but some cycloid scales on undersurface. Head greatlyflattened, length 3.4-3.5 (3.5) in SL; snout and interorbit naked, occipital reglOn With or without several scales embedded under skin (without), nape mostly scaled. Snout robust, longer than eye diameter, length 3.113A (3.1) in HL. Upper surface of eye without papillae. Iris lappet usually broad, well expanded and simple dorsally, and broad, simple, and weakly convex ven- trally (Fig. 3), Weakly concave dorsally only in AMS I.22129-004. 1nterorbital width 4.7-7.4 (5.7) in HL, varying with growth, smaller than orbital diameter in smaller specimens, becoming larger than orbital diameter by 270mm SL Spines and ridges weakly developed on top and side of head (Fig. 4). Nasal lacking spines. Lachrymal with single antrorse splne. Single preocular spine present. Suborbital and supraor- bital ridges entirely smooth. Single postorbital splne With broad base present in Taxonomic characters of a platycephalid 299

Fig. 4. Dorsal view of head of Platycephalus marmoratus Stead, 1908, AMS I.25665-026, 184.6 mm SL, northeast of Yamba, NSW, Australia. Abbreviations: LAC, lachrymal; LO, lower oper- cular; NC, nuchal; PO, preopercular; PRO, preoc山ar; PSO, postocular; UO, upper opercular. smaller specimens, blunt, obscure, or absent in largest specimens (blunt). Pterotic, frontal, and supraoccipital with entirely smooth ridges. Parietal usually with ridge lacking spines, rarely having one spine embedded under skin posteriorly (lacking spine). Supratemporal, posttemporal, and supracleithrum with or without spine (spine present only on supracleithrum). Preopercle usually with two spines, with an additional splne Ventrally only in AMS I. 20710-002; lower splne Slightly longer than upper one, not reaching posterior margln Of opercle; upper splne lacking sup- plementary splne. Opercle with two splneS, lacking prominent ridge. Interopercu- lar nap absent; margin of interopercle not scalloped (Fig. 5). Maxima reaching slightly beyond anterior margin of orbit, length 2.4-2.6 (2.5) in HL Teeth in band on Jaws and palatine, and in single V-shaped patch on vomer; tooth band on upper jaw lacking distinct notch medially (Fig. 6). Upper jaw with several small canine teeth anteriorly; remainder of jaw with smau- to moderate-size conical teeth. Lower Jaw With two or three tooth rows anteriorly and two posteriorly; inner row 300 Hisashi lmamura

10mm

Fig. 5. Ventrolateral view of head of Platycephalus marmoratus Stead, 1908, AMS I.256651026, 184,6mm SL, northeast of Yamba, NSW, Australia, showing the smooth interopercle and the skinny sensory tubes arising from the suborbitals and preopercle. with longer conical teeth; outer row with small- to moderate-size conical teeth. Palatine with two tooth rows: inner row with longer and stouter conical teeth, outer row with small conical teeth. Vomer with small- to moderate-size canine teeth anteriorly and a fbw canine teeth posteriorly. Lip marglnS Without papillae. Skinny sensory tubes on suborbitals and preopercle weakly developed, partially covering cheek region (Fig. 5). Pored scales in lateral line each with one exterior opening posteriorly; opening ln most pored scales directed posteroventrally, in several scales posterodorsally. First dorsal an orlglnating posterior to opercular margln. First and second dorsalfin narrowly separated. Pectoral fin rounded pos- teriorly, length 1.9-2.2 (2.0) in HL. Posterior tip of pelvic an reaching to between origin of analfin and base of second anal an ray (between bases offirst and second an rays), length 1.2-1.4 (1.3) in HL Caudal an slightly rounded posteriorly, length lふ-1.9 (1.7) in HL Color in alcohol. Body and head marbled with dark brown, brown, and pale ir- regular bands and spots above, pale below. Head with single indistinct, dark brown band crosslng OCCipital and anterior operc山ar reglOnS. Body with aye dark brown bands or sometimes with three dark brown spots replacing the three ante- rior bands; bands continuous with blackish spots on side or body, First and second dorsal丘ns with small, dark-brownish spots along rays. Pectoral丘n pale brown with white lower margln; Smau brown spots present or absent on upper portion.

Pelvic an dark brown with pale brown ゎasal portion and white outer margin. Anal fin with brownish pigmentalong rays; membranes of posterior portion of analfin dusky. Caudalfin dark brown, gradually becoming black posteriorly; posterior margln White; anterior portion of upper margln With or without several brownish oblique bands. Distribution. Known from southern Western Australia and eastern coast of Australia, from southern Queensland to Bass Strait, Tasmania (Stead 1908; Paxton et al. 1989; Kuiter 1993; Hutchins 2001; this study). Taxonomic characters of a platycephalid 301

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Comparison. In addition to the marble-like markings on the body and head, and the dark brown to black caudal Bn, Platycephalus marmoratus can easily be separated from the other 14 Species in the genus Platycephalus by the following characters: number of second dorsal and anal an rays, number or pored scales in the lateral line, presence or a splne On the anteriormost pored scales in the lateral line, gill raker counts, scaled area or head, teeth, interopercular flap, and skinny sensory tubes on cheek region. Of these, the number of spine-bearing anteriormost pored scales in the lateral line and the extent of scalation on the head are su用_cient in combination to distinguish P. marmoratus from any other species of Platy- cephalus. The counts discussed here are summarized in Table 1. Numbers of second dorsal and anal Jim rays. Platycephalus marmoratus has 13 rays in both the second dorsal and anal ans. Although intraspeciac variation in these numbers occurs in several species, they are useful in distinguishing P. mar- moratus from species such as P. bassensis Cuvier, 1829 and P. caeruleopunctatus McCulloch, 1922, which usually have 14 rays in these ans (Knapp 1991; this study). Number of pored scales in the lateral line and presence ofa spine on the anterior- most pored lateral line scales. The number of pored scales in the lateralline in 302 Hisashi lmamura

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Platycephalus is more varied (59-93) than in other platycephalid genera, which usually have ca. 50j5 (except for Elates Jordan and Seale, 1907 with 83-107 and Onigocia Jordan and Thompson, 1913 with fewer than 45: e.g., Knapp 1999). Despite intraspecific variation in the number of lateral line scales, the counts for P. maT･- moratus (63-70) do not overlap with those of the following species: P. aurimacula- tus Knapp, 1987 (81-月5), P. bassensis (71一月2), P. caeruleopunctatus (83-92), P. fuscus Cuvier, 1829 (71179), P. laeuigatus Cuvier, 1829 (81192), and P. speculator Klun- zinger, 1872 (80-93) (Knapp 1991; this study). The number of anteriormost pored scales in the lateral line that have a splne is also a valuable character. Platycephalus marmoratus differs from all members of the genus, except for P. arenarius Ramsay and Ogilby, 1886, P. chauliodous Knapp, 1991, and P. laeuigatus, in lacking any pored lateral line scales with a spine (vs. 1-3 such scales in the others) (Knapp 1991, 1999; this study). Number of gill rakers. The gill Taker count is 2+7111 in P. marmoratus, whereas there is either one, Or else three or more rakers on the upper gin arch in P. arenarius (3 or 4), P. aurimaculatus (1), P. bassensis (4 or 5), P. caeruleopuTu:tatuS (4J), P. longispinis Cuvier, 1829 (5-7), and P. Speculator (3 or 4). In addition, there are 12 0r more Takers on the lower gill arch of P. bassensis (13-15), P. caeruleopunc- tatus (14117), and P. longispinis (16-19) (Knapp 1991; this study). Scaled area of head. In P. marmoratus, the snout and interorbit are naked. In contrast, the interorbit and posterior portion or the snout are covered by scales in all other species of Platycephalus except for P. chauliodous and P. laet)lgatuS,in which the snout, interorbit, and occipital region are naked (this study). In the ex- amined specimen of P. aurimaculatus it is unclear whether the posterior portions of the snout and interorbit are naked, or the scales there have been detached. Knapp (1991) stated that the top of the head in this latter species has scales. Teeth. Although P. marmoratus has several small canine teeth anteriorly ln the upper jaw, there are no canine teeth in other reglOnS. In contrast, large and strong canine teeth are present anteriorly on the upper Jaw, lower Jaw, and pala- tine of P. aurimaculatus, P. chauliodous, P. conatus Waite and McCulloch, 1915, and P. richardsom- Castelnau, 1872 (Knapp 1991; this study). Znteropercular jlap. Presence or absence of the interopercularflap has been recognized as an important taxonomic character for Platycephalidae. Platy- cephalus marmoratus lacks the flap (see also Imamura 1996), whereas it is present in P. arenarius, P. caeruleopunctatus, P. cultellatus Richardson, 1846, P. endracht- ensis Buoy and Gaimard, 1825, P. fuscus, P. indicus Linnaeus, 1785, P. laeuigatus, and P. Speculator (C.g., Knapp 1999). Although Imamura (1996) stated that P. bassen- sis lacks an interopercularflap, the present study has revealed that it is present or absent in different individuals of the species. Skinny sensory tubes on cheek region. Imamura et al. (1995) demonstrated that the skinny sensory tubes on the cheek region, Which extend from the suborbitals and preopercle, are useful characters for platycephalid taxonomy. In addition to P. marmoraius, only P. chauliodous, P. laeuigatus, and P. longispinis have sensory tubes partially covering the cheek reg10n. In P. longisplmls only the tubes from the preopercle partially cover the posterior cheek reglOn. Others. In addition to the above-mentioned characters, P. marmoratus is sepa- rable from several members of Platycephalus in respect to the following charac- ters: the lower preopercular spine being slightly longer than the upper one (vs. 304 Hisashl lmamura upper longer than lower in P. laeuigatus and lower much longer than upper in P･ longispinis; Kuiter 1993; this study); the margin of the interopercle not being sca1- loped (vs. scalloped in P. chauliodous; Knapp 1991; this study), and the pored scales in the lateral line having one exterior opening posteriorly (vs. two in P. richard- soni; Imamura 1996). Remarks. Eschmeyer et al. (1998) indicated that Platycephalus marmoratus might have been described from the holotype and two paratypes･ They flagged the possibility that AMS I･15279 is one or the paratypes by inserting a question mark before the catalogue number. Stead (1908) clearly stated, however, that he de- scribed the species based on two specimens, one collected from Port Stephens and one from Coffs Harbour, and he designated the specimen from Port Stephens as the holotype. It is therefore obvious that the type series of P. marmoratus comprlSeS the holotype and a single paratype. Although AMS I.15279 was couected by Stead, the specimen has no attached couection data. Stead (1908) stated that the total length of the paratype was 490mm, whereas the present author's measurement or the length of AMS I.15279 is 550,3mm. The total length of the holotype, 367mm, as measured by Stead (1908) and 368.8mm as measured in the present study, are very similar. Therefore, AMS I15279 is, most likely, a non-type specimen of P. mar- moratus. No specimen of P. marmoratus collected from Coffs Harbour before 1908 is deposited at AMS (McGrouther pers. comm., 23 March 2006). Accordingly, the whereabouts or the single paratype are unknown and it has probably been lost.

Comparative material examined Platycephalus arenarius (9 specimens from Western Australia, Queensland, and New South Wales, Australia): AMS B.7136, holotype, 238.9 mm SL; AMS I.22831- 032, 306.2mm SL; AMS I.34399-016, 123.Omm SL; AMS I.34361-002, 2 of 4 specimens, 135.6, 206.5mm SL; AMS I.41262-023, 126.8mm SL; AMS I.41674-013, 97.2mm SL; AMS I.41877-038, 145.9mm SL; AMS I.43521-001, 130.9mm SL Platycephalus aurimaculatus (1 specimen from Tasmania, Australia): AMS I.26328-001, paratype, 322.4 mm SL Platycephalus bassensis (7 Specimens from New South Wales and Tasmania): AMS I.12794, 197.4mm SL; AMS I.12796, 1 of2 specimens, 175.7mm SL; AMS I.14150, I.14151, 2 specimens, 114.2, 200.8mm SL; AMS I.175611001, 155.0mm SL; AMS I.198321 004, 212.4mm SL; AMS I.34823-001, 302.8 mm SL. Platycephalus caeruleopunctatus (9 specimens from New South Wales): AMS IA.5700, 166.3mm SL; AMS IB.6296, 141.8mm SL; AMS I.3163, 1ectotype, 290.6mm SL; AMS I.3947, 266.3mm SL; AMS I.14928, 242.0mm SL; AMS I.9567, 205.8mm SL; AMS I.15202, 216.8mm SL; AMS I.19832-002, 338.2mm SL; AMS I.399881003, 132.6mm SL Platycephalus chauliodous (l specimen from Western Australia): AMS I.20231- 007, holotype, 312.6mm SL Platycephalus conatus (8 Specimens from South Australia and Western Aus- tralia): AMS E.750, 232.5mm SL; AMS I.13649, paratype, 242.7mm SL; AMS I.13650, paratype, 269.1mm SL; AMS I.12393, Ⅰ.12394, 2 specimens, 234.2, 236.6mm SL; AMS I.18710-007, 2 specimens, 158.0, 173.9mm SL; AMS I.25551-001, 303.3 mm SL Platycephalus cultellatus (9 specimens from the Western Pacific): AMS IA.32011 3202, 2 specimens, 224.2, 242.3mm SL; HUMZ 190447, 233.4mm SL; NSMT-P 55619, 125.8mm SL; NSMT-P 56060, 235.7mm SL; NSMT-P 67375, 202.6mm SL; NSMT-P Taxonomic characters of a platycephalid 305

68928, 230,6mm SL; NSMT-P 69319, 2 specimens, 244.2, 282.8 mm SL. Platycephalus endrachtensis (8 specimens from Western Australia and Queens-

1and): AMS I.13140, 262.5mm SL; AMS ∫.20978-084, 291.3mm SL; AMS I.19468-018, 1 or 4 specimens, 138.9mm SL; AMS I.21244-001, 150.5mm SL; AMS I.25508-003, 98.2mm SL; AMS I.34314-003, 260.9mm SL; AMS I.34397-025, 187.4mm SL; AMS I.34398-003, 208.1 mm SL. Platycephalus fuscus (10 specimens from New South Wales): AMS I.167411001, 241.4mm SL; AMS I.17178-010, 2 specimens, 251.5, 316.9mm SL; AMS I.21149-032, 212.2mm SL; AMS I.36105-001, 1 of 2 specimens, 183.7mm SL; AMS I.412621024, 218.3 mm SL; AMS I.41264-020, 2 or 5 specimens, 163,5, 188.6mm SL; AMS I.41287-020, i of3 specimens, 186.Om SL; AMS I.418741011, 203.6mm SL. Platycephalus indicus (10 Specimens from the Indian Ocean and Western Pa- ciBc): CAS 29657, 240.6mm SL, Pakistan; CAS 58591, 280.7mm SL, India; FRLM 30658, 114.3mm SL, Andaman Sea; HUMZ 193328, 191.1mm SL, Indonesia; NSMT-P 71056, 2 specimens, 242,5, 256.4mm SL, Phuket; SAIAB (RUSI) 35752, 229.8mm SL, Taiwan; SU 13165, 313.2mm SL, PhilipplneS; SU 35770, 203.5mm SL, India; SU 39878, 182.6mm SL, Myanmar. Platycephalus laeuigatus (3 specimens from Victoria, Australia): AMS I.7543,

Ⅰ.7544, 2 specimens, both 271.1mm SL; AMS I.7592, 287.3mm SL Platycephalus longispinis (12 Specimens from New South Wales and Tasma- nia): AMS I.14178, 216.3mm SL; AMS I.16355-001, holotype, 233.Omm SL; AMS I.16887-001, 5 of 7 specimens, 126.4-190.0mm SL; AMS I.17268-001, 1 or 4 specimens, 204.Omm SL; AMS I.20720-001, 208.Omm SL; AMS I.41259-001, 3 specimens, 180.3- 204.4 mm SL. Platycephalus richardsoni (4 specimens from New South Wales): AMS B.6541, holotype of Platycephalus macrodon Ogilby, 1885, 280.6mm SL; AMS I.238711002, 193.8 mm SL; AMS I.26026-001, 266.2 mm SL; AMS I.40292-001, 230.6mm SL Platycephalus speculator (2 Specimens from South Australia and Western Aus- tralia): AMS I.163541001, holotype of Platycephalus caslelnaui Macleay, 1881, 281.1 mm SL; AMS I.17615-010, 144.3mm SL

Acknowledgments

I am deeply indebted to M. McGrouther (AMS) for reading the draft manu- script and fわr providing support when I visited AMS. I also express my thanks to all other staff of the Fish Section of AMS for their support during my work at the museum, My special thanks also go to M. E. Anderson (SAIAB), D. Catania (CAS), S. Kimura (FRLM), and K. Matsuura and G. Shinohara (NSMT) for making materi- als available.

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