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Tus (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Platycephalidae), with Comments on the Composition of the Type Series

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Tus (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Platycephalidae), with Comments on the Composition of the Type Series JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicof Systematic Zoology Species Diversity, 2006, 11. 295 306 Rediagnosis of the Marbled Flathead, Platycephalus marmora- tus (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Platycephalidae), with Comments on the Composition of the Type Series Hisashi Imamura 7:he Hbkkaido Uhiversity Museum, thculty ofFisheries, Hbkkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Htikodate, HOhkaido, 041-8611 Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 8 May 2ee6; Accepted 30 August 2006) The taxonomic characters of the marbled flathead, Platycephalus mar- moratus Stead, 1908, are described and evaluated. In addition to the marbled body and dark brown to black caudal fin, the fo11owing combination of char- acters separates it from the other 14 species of the genus Platycephalus: 13 second dor$al and anal fin rays; 63-70 scales in the Iateral line, with all pored scales lacking spines; snout and interorbit naked; no strong canine teeth on the jaws, palatines, and vomer; interopercular fiap absent; and skinny sen- sory tubes on the suborbitals and preopercle partially covering the cheek re- gion. It has been confirmed that the type series of the species was composed of the holotype and one paratype, although the paratype is presumably no lenger extant, Key Words: Actinepterygii, Platycephalidae, Pla(ycqphaius marmoratus, taxonomic characters, diagnosis, redescription, paratype. Introduction Stead (1908) described a new species of flathead, Platycephalus marmoratus "marbled Stead, 1908, and proposed flathead" as its English name, in reference to the marbled markings on the body and head. No other species of Platycephalus Bloch, 1795 [sensu Imamura (1996), who synonymized IVeqplatycqphalus Castelnau, 1872 under the genus] has a marbled patter'n on the body and head. In alcohol, spec- imens of Platycqphalus marmoratus also have a more extensive area of dark brown to black in the caudal fin than is present in other species of Platycephalus. Al- though P. marmorattts is easily distinguished from its congeners when coloration is reasonably well retained, these characters may not be available in long-pre- served specimens (for example, the holotype of this species is considerably faded) (Fig, 1), Although severa] authors have briefly described some of the morphologi- cal characters of P. marmoratus, e.g., Knapp (1991) and Imamura (1996), who pro- vided selected meristic values, and osteological and mycological characters, re- spectively, no study has compared P. marmoratus with its congeners in detail, The purpose of this study is to redescribe Platycephatus marmoratus based on the holotype and other material, compare its taxonomic characters (other than color) with other species of Platycephalus, and present an emended diagnosis. Also, the status of the paratype ofP. marmoratus is clarified and a previous inter- NII-Electronic Library Service JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicof Systematic Zoology 296 Hisashi Imamura pretation of composition of the type series is corrected. Materials and Methods Counts and measurements were made fbllowing Hubbs and Lagler (1958), Gill rakers were counted on the right side. Measurements were made with calipers to the nearest O,1mm. Length of the first dorsal fin base excludes the isolated spine between the dorsal fins. Terminology of head spines fbllows Knapp et al, (2000). Institutional acronyms are from Leviton et al. (1985) except for SALAB (South African Institute fbr Aquatic Biodiversity, formerly RUSI), Standard and head lengths are abbreviated as SL and HL, respectively. Taxonomic Account Platycophatus marmoratus Stead, 1908 (Figs 1-6) Platycephalus marmoratus Stead, 1908: 9, pls 3-5 (type locality: Port Stephens, Aus- tralia); McCulloch 1929: 402; Coleman 1980: 109, an unnumbered color figure; Hutchins and Thompson 1983: 78, fig, 112; Hutchins and Swainston 1986: 127, fig. 204; Paxton et al. 1989: 469; Knapp 1991: 29; Kuiter 1993: 104, two unnum- bered color figures; Imamura 1996: 125; Hutchins 2001i 28; Grant 2004: 196, pl. 89, an unnumbered co]or plate. Material examined. Holotype: AMS I.15260, 310.4mm SL, Port Stephens, June 1904. material. Other Seven specimens, all collected from New South Wales, Aus- tralia: AMS I.15279, 471.6mm SL, data unknown, cell. D. Stead; AMS I,20721-O02, 270.9mm SL, Coffs Harbour, 30018'S, 153008'E, 80m depth, 13 August 1978, colL J. Hooper; AMS I.20870-OOI, 151.8mm SL (dissected by Imamura 1996), Bondi Beach, Sydney, 33053'S, 151015'E, 30 October 1977, co}1. R. Kuiter; AMS I.22129-O04, 309.5mm SL, North Coast, 1978, colL J. Hooper; AMS I,25663-O13, 169.5mm SL, southeast of Yamba, 29034'S, 153e25'E, 49-53m depth, 24 March 1985, coll. FRV Kti- pala; AMS I.25665-026, 184.6mm SL, northeast of Yamba, 29021'S, 153029'E, 49-51m depth, 21 May 1985, coll, FRV Ktipala; AMS I.27322-O06, 173.0mm SL, off Tuncurry, 32eo8'S-32o06'S, 152e31'E-152033'E, 26ul7m depth, 1 October 1985, co!L FRV KI]pata. Diagnosis (emended). A species of Platycqphalus with 13 second dorsal and anal fin rays; 63-70 pored scales in lateral line, each with one exterior opening pos- teriorly and lacking spine; 2+8-11 (7-11 in Knapp 1991) gill rakers; snout and in- terorbit naked; lower opercular spine slightly longer than upper one; no strong ca- nine teeth on jaws, palatine, or vomer; interopercular flap absent; margin of in- teropercle not scalloped; skinny sensory tubes from suborbitals and preopercle partially covering cheek region. Description. Data are presented first fbr all specimens, then for the holotype (in parentheses). Counts: dorsal fin spines I-VI-VII-I or I-VII-VIII (I-VII); secend dorsal fin rays 13 NII-Electronic Library Service JapaneseJapaneseSoclety Society ofSystematlcZoologyof Systematic Zoology C{]axonalrir ehal Rrtprs ai a pldtyceg}haliEa M9'r '-'' tt Fig, 1 Pfalyeophahas inatrno;atus Stead, l90g, AMS holetypo,310A,mm 5E,,Pori $lephelts NSW, Autstr,]lia, entire emmal in dorgal vie"IIA260 '' '.. ' t if: ' ' eeCisasclt ing 2Yambevip"sPlan,eeptzakis masmfiratus Steact, 1908, AMS i25663026, 1846mm Si, northeast ot "slSW, Augtral]a, entile dns!nti1 in ctoisal <apper), l,xtvrn] (m]dctke) and vcnti al (ioxiveD NII-Electronic Library Service JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicof Systematic Zoology 298 Hisashi Imamura 3mm Fig. 3. Iris lappet (left eye) of PtaCycephalus marmoratus Stead, 1908, AMS I.25665-026, 184.6mm SL, northeast of Yamba, NSW, Australia. (13); anal fin rays 13 (13); pectoral fin rays 1-2 (upper, unbranched)+11-14 (middle, branched)+6-8 (lower, unbranched)-2or22 (2+12+7=21); pelvic fin rays I, 5 (I, 5); branched caudal fin rays 5-6 (upper)+5 6 (lower)-11-12 (6+6=:12); pored scales in lateral line 63-70 (66), all scales witheut spines; oblique body scale rows slanting downward and backward above lateral line 107-119 (108); gill rakers 2+8-11=10-13 (2+8-10), `V･h Proportions as SL: HL 28.1-29.7 (28.9); predorsal length 31,5-33.6 (32.6); length of first dorsal fin base 15.8-20.4 (17,7); length of second dorsal fin base 34.9- 36,5 (36.1); length of anal fin base 38.3-40.8 (38.8); caudal peduncle length 6.9 10.6 (7,9); caudal peduncle depth 3.8-4.4 (3.8); snout length 8.8-9.4 (9,2); orbital diameter 4.5-5.9 (4.9); upper jaw length 11.1-12.3 (11.5); lower jaw length 15,4-16.2 (15.4); in- terorbital width 3.8-6,3 (5.1); postorbital length 14.1-15.8 (15.2); suborbital width 2.5-3.0 (2.8); pectoral fin length 13.5-15.9 (14.2); pelvic fin length 21.9-24.1 (22,1); cau- dal fin length 15,5-19.8 (17,5); length of first spine of first dorsal fin O.6-3.2 (O.6); length of second spine of first dorsal fin 13.4-14.8 (14.8); length of first ray of second dorsal fin 7,2-13,1 (10,7); length of first anal fin ray 6.8-10.1 (6.8). Proportions as 9･,b HL: snout length 29,8-32.3 (31,9); orbital diameter 15.2-20.1 (16.8); upper jaw length 38.1-42,1 (39,8); lower jaw length 53,3-55.5 (53.3); interor- bital width 13.6-21.4 (17.6); postorbital length 50.1-53.4 (52.5); suborbital width 8.3- 10.2 (9.7), Body greatly depressed, mostly covered with ctenoid scales, but some cycloid scales on undersurface. Head greatly flattened, length 3,4-3,5 (3,5) in SL; snout and interorbit naked, occipital region with or without several scales embedded under skin (without), nape mostly scaled. Snout robust, longer than eye diameter, length 3,1-3.4 (3.1) in HL. Upper sudece of eye without papillae. Iris lappet usually broad, well expanded and simple dorsally, and broad, simple, and weakly cenvex ven- trally (Fig. 3), weakly concave dorsally only in AMS I.22129-O04. Interorbital width 4.7-7,4 (5.7) in HI., varying with growth, smaller than orbital diameter in smaller specimens, becoming larger than orbital diameter by 270 mm SL. Spines and ridges weakly developed on top and side ef head (Fig. 4). Nasal lacking spines, Lachrymal with single antrorse spine. Single preocular spine present. Suborbital and supraor- bital ridges entirely smooth, Single postorbital spine with broad base present in NII-Electronic Library Service JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicof Systematic Zoology Taxonomic characters of a platycephalid 299 LAC PRO v po NN pso × N 10 mm Fig, 4. Dorsal view of head of Ptatycephalus marmoratus Stead, 1908, AMS I,25665-026, 184,6 mm SL, northeast of Yamba, NSW, Australia. Abbreviations: LAC, lachrymal; LO, lower oper- cular; NC, nuchal; PO, preopercular; PRO, preocular; PSO, postoeular; UO, upper epereular.
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