Bibliography
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BIBLIOGRAPHY I. PRIMARY SOURCES A. A rchival Sources The documents consulted are too numerous and dispersed to enumerate indi vidually. For sources cited the precise cotes are given in the notes. Here I shall indicate the categories of materials I used in the various depots. Archives Nationales (by series): Y. Police archives including minutes and registers of the audience of the Chambre de Police; reports and proces-verbaux of summonses, arrests, viola tions, etc.; visits, searches, and seizures; complaints of citizens and of tradesmen; guild papers; correspondence of police officials; the papers and logs of com missaires and inspectors of police; criminal and police investigations and interrogations; market and price data; sentences and ordonnances; reports of the man?chaussee; appraisals of the state of public opinion. X. Archives of the Paris Parlement including remonstrances, sentences, appeals, and especially the minutes and the registers of the Conseil Secret. II l2 F. Especially Flo, F , F , which concern police, subsistence, agriculture, commerce, industry, and elements of the correspondence between the Controle General and the intendants. There are also pertinent materials in F7. G 7. Correspondence between the Controle-General and the intendants. 1 0 . Papers of the royal household, dispatched from the Secretary of State to officials in the field, administrative correspondence. H. Deliberations of the Bureau of the Hotel de Ville as well as other materials concerning the administration of the capital. K. Memoirs and papers concerning subsistence questions, dearths, the grain trade, etc. Series KK contains the important correspondence between Orry and his buying and distributing agents during the dearth of 1738-42, which proved useful to me for comparative purposes. 704 BIBLIOGRAPHY AP. I used a half-dozen "private papers" collections deposited in the AN, the most important of which were the papers of Maurepas, Duhamel du Monceau and Bertier de Sauvigny. Miscellaneous materials including certain marine colonial and consular papers and elements in the series AD, E, T, V, Wand Z were useful in a limited fashion. Minutier Central (Notarial archives). Research in the inventaires apres deces, marriage contracts, leases, apprenticeship conliacts, constitution of loans, divi sions of estates, business partnership agreements, and acknowledgement of debts of bakers, mealmen, millers, and traders led me to important materials bearing on the bread industry in the sixties and seventies. Bibliotheque N ationale : The material here is less easy to describe because it is not organized in logical series. The two most important and coherent "fonds" are the Joly de Fleury papers (arranged in a separate "Collection") which I used extensively for the whole eighteenth century and the Delamare papers which are integrated in the manuscrits fran~ais. Composed of administrative correspondence reaching from the top to the bottom of public life, market reports, investigations, proces verbaux of riots and disturbances, legislation in draft and final form, discussion of public events, etc., the Collection J oly de Fleury was of invaluable assistance to me. The Delamare papers are a rich adjunct to the published Traite de la Police, a guide to the evolving police tradition, and a source for the study of subsistence problems between 1685 and 1730. Of the scores of other documents in the BN which rendered service, the most important are the minutes of the assemblies of police (generally convoked by the First President), diaries and journals, miscellaneous market and price data, and several dozen memoires written on the question of the liberty of the grain trade. All of these are catalogued in the manuscrits fran~ais and in the nouvelles acquisitions. Although they are located in the "imprimes" section (because they are "printed" or published materials), hundreds of sentences, ordonnances, arrets, declarations, and letters patent which bear on subsistence questions deserve to be cited under archival holdings. A manuscript index, still far from complete, is available in the hemicycle of the main reading room. Bibliotheque de fA rsenal : The material here, especially in the Bastille mss., is an indispensable complement to the police archives in the Y series of the AN, in the Delamare and J oly de Fleury papers of the BN, and in the Archives de la Prefecture de Police (which yielded little directly relevant to this study). The Bastille papers contain correspon dence of the Lieutenants General of Police, reports and logs of commissaires and inspectors, a multitude of proces-verbaux of crimes of various kinds, reports on public opinion in Paris, interrogations of suspects and saisies of papers, and information on the structure and operation of the police. Outside the Bastille fonds, the Arsenal also has several important memoires on grain questions as well as contemporary "histories" of the leading events of the reign of Louis XV. BIBLIOGRAPHY 705 Bibliotheque Historique de la Ville de Paris: I used a great many documents scattered through the manuscript collection, the most pertinent of which were the "gazetins" and letters of several private or semi-public individuals writing from Paris in the sixties and seventies. F or an earlier period, the part of the Marville papers which Boislisle did not publish are an invaluable guide to police activities. I also used the file of legislation and sentences to complement the holdings of the BN and the AN. I found valuable material in the papers of several eminent historians of Paris which the BHVP now holds. The map collections of this library are a precious source. Archives de l'Assistance Publique : These materials are extremely difficult to use because of the lack of adequate, up-to-date catalogues and a muddled system of classification. I used the delib erations of the bureau of the Hotel-Dieu, administrative correspondence emanating from the Hotel-Dieu and the Hopital-General, records of admissions, the archives of the paneterie and other data concerning grain purchases, bread making and experiments with grain and flour. Archives du Departement de la Seine et de la Ville de Paris: This is an extremely rich and intelligently organized depot which contains a vast amount of material that has so far escaped systematic scrutiny by historians of Paris and the old regime. I used a wealth of miscellaneous family and administrative materials, correspondence, legislation, etc. But the most important materials are the registration archives and the consular documents, especially the faillites of bakers, millers, and merchants, the ledgers and business registers of tradesmen of all sorts, the reports of arbitres in commercial disputes, the complaints of merchants against other tradespeople, and the decisions of the juges-consuls. These materials, in conjunction with notarial archives and the documents in the civil series of the Chatelet, the Parlement, and the Parisian municipality (series Z in the AN), provide the basis for studying the "business" history of the Paris region in the old regime. A rchives des AfJaires Etrangeres : The Memoires et Documents: France series contains a considerable amount of legislative and administrative data, most of which can be found in the other depots cited above. There are also specialized kinds of administrative correspon dence and occasional commentaries on public policy and current events which proved useful. Archives Historiques de l'A rmee : Fragmentary information on the relations between civil and military provisioning, on the coordination of government purchasing, on the dispatch of troops to quell grain riots and protect convoys and markets, etc. Archives Departementales : The major series of interest in all these depots are Band C. B is the judicial series. It is comprised of informations, depositions, briefs, petitions, appeals, trials and decisions, background data on civil as well as police and criminal 706 BIBLIOGRAPHY matters, correspondence with the government and with other jurisdictions, documents concerning the registration and the application and enforcement of legislation, etc. Virtually all the parlementary papers, including the extant secret registers of deliberations and decisions, are found in the B series. C is the administrative series, an omnicompetent, residual category which seems to touch upon every aspect of life in the old regime. The most useful materials here are the correspondence which links, on the one hand, the inten dants to the central government and, on the other, the intendants to local government. The series C is often bursting with information on agriculture, industry, commerce, market organization, and the economy in general; on the execution of legislation, the local and regional police, the marechaussee, and jurisdictional disputes; on public assistance, public order, and public opinion. One frequently encounters enquetes of various sorts, in unequal stages of perfection, some of which provide invaluable quantitative data as well as insightful com mentary on the state of local affairs. In addition to the Band C series, in several of the depots listed below I examined parts of 0, E, notarial documents, and unclassified holdings. Once again, for specific cotes, readers are referred to the references in the footnotes. The following departmental archives were consulted: Aisne Loir-et-Cher Aube Loire-Atlantique Bas-Rhin Loiret (most of C. destroyed) Bouches-du-Rhone (Marseilles and Aix) Manche Calvados Marne Charente-Maritime