Disaster Management Handboo

2 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Table of Contents Welcome - Note from the Director 7 About the Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance 8 Country Disaster Response Handbook Series Overview 11 Executive Summary 12 Country Overview 14 Culture 14 Demographics 15 Ethnic Makeup 15 Key Population Centers 16 Vulnerable Groups 17 Economics 17 Environment 18 Borders 20 Geography 21 Climate 22 Disaster Overview 26 Hazards 26 Natural 27 Man-Made 27 Infectious Disease 29 Endemic Conditions 30 Burma (Myanmar) Disaster Management Reference Handbook | 2014 3 Displaced Populations 31 Communicable and Infectious Diseases 31 Deforestation 31 Landmines 31 Government Structure for Disaster Management 34 Infrastructure 58 Airports 59 Seaports 61 Land Routes 62 Roads 62 Bridges 62 Railways 64 Schools 65 Communications 65 Utilities 65 Power 65 Water and sanitation 68 Systemic Factors 68 Health 70 Overview 70 Challenges in the Healthcare System 70 Outbreaks 71 Structure 71 Administration 71 Public Healthcare 72 Private Healthcare 73 Hospitals 73 4 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Health Access 73 Laboratories 74 Training for Health Professionals 75 Conclusion 78 Appendices 82 Disaster Statistics 82 Disaster Management Laws and Guidelines 83 Department of Defense DMHA Engagements in the Past Five Years (FY 2009-2013) 83 Disaster Management Partners in Burma 84 Force Protection/Pre-Deployment information 86 Passport/Visa 86 Emergency Contact Information 86 Airport Fees 86 Currency Information 86 Additional Information 86 Burma Characteristics 87 Health Information 87 Acronyms and Abbreviations 89 HFA Country Progress Report 92 Summarization of the Burma National Progress Report - Interim 93 Country Profile 96 Burma Indices 109 Health 109 Government 109 Education 109 Other 109 End Notes 110 Burma (Myanmar) Disaster Management Reference Handbook | 2014 5 6 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Welcome - Note from the Director C E IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT & HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE Dear Reader, The Center for Excellence in Disaster Manage- ment and Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DMHA) has a mandate to provide and facilitate education, training, and research in civil-military operations, particularly operations that require international disaster management and humanitarian assistance and operations that require coordination between the Department of Defense and other agencies. In line with that mandate, CFE has conducted research to create reference books on disaster management roles, processes, capabilities and vulnerabilities. This Disaster Management Reference Handbook Series is designed to provide decision makers, planners and responders a comprehensive understanding of in-country disaster management plans and structures, including information on key domestic disaster response entities, basic country background, and local and international humanitarian organizations present in the country. CFE produces country reference books to provide a commonly available baseline of information regarding disaster management environments. Many places in the Pacific Basin are subject to a variety of disasters including floods, droughts, and landslides, and these handbooks provide a context for country-specific factors that influence disaster management. This reference book has been compiled by CFE from publicly available sources. It is a working document and will be periodically updated to reflect changes in information. We request your feedback to improve this document and help fill any gaps to enhance its future utility. Please send any feedback or questions to [email protected]. Sincerely, Col Joseph D. Martin Director Burma (Myanmar) Disaster Management Reference Handbook | 2014 7 C E IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT & HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE Information about the Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance Overview Contact Information The Center for Excellence in Disaster Man- Center for Excellence in Disaster Management agement and Humanitarian Assistance is a U.S. and Humanitarian Assistance Department of Defense organization that was 456 Hornet Ave established by U.S. Congress in 1994 and is a JBPHH HI 96860-3503 direct reporting unit to U.S. Pacific Command. Telephone: (808) 472-0518 The Center is located on Ford Island, Joint Base http://cfe-dmha.org Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii. The Asia-Pacific region is our priority of effort and collaboration is the cornerstone of our operational practice. CFE-DMHA was founded because of a world- wide need based on lessons learned in complex humanitarian emergencies that took place in the Balkans, the African Great Lakes Region, Soma- lia and the Middle East since the beginning to mid-1980s. The need was for integrated education, training, certification, operational research, and interagency cooperation and coordination among many agencies and organizations, both civilian and military, to provide relief and re- gional stability. Our Mission Facilitate collaborative partnerships, conduct applied research, and develop education, training, and information sharing programs in order to enhance U.S. and international civil-military preparedness, knowledge, and performance in disaster management and humanitarian assistance. Vision Promote excellence in disaster management by connecting people, improving coordination, and building capability. 8 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Bagan Temples at sunset. Burma (Myanmar) Disaster Management Reference Handbook | 2014 9 Map of Burma (Myanmar) 10 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance in the country, are also provided. The overall aim Disaster Management is to provide a guide that brings together impor- tant information about disaster management and Reference Handbook response for each country in an effort to provide a basic understanding for the reader. Series Overview Information in the handbooks are compiled and based primarily on trusted, reliable, publicly- The Disaster Management Reference Hand- available sources. Much of the information used book Series is intended to provide decision is from U.S. or other government sources, UN makers, planners, responders and disaster man- sources, NGO websites, scholarly references, agement practitioners with an overview of the foreign government websites, and various media disaster management structure, policies, laws, sources. and plans for each country covered in the series. Whenever further information available may Overviews of natural and man-made threats most be relevant, a link to the original internet source likely to affect the country are discussed. The is provided. Each handbook is a working docu- handbooks also provide basic country back- ment and will be updated periodically as new, ground information, including cultural, demo- significant information becomes available. Con- graphic, geographic, infrastructure and other structive feedback is requested to further refine basic country data. Endemic conditions such as this document. poverty, water and sanitation, food security and We hope that you find these handbooks infor- other humanitarian issues are included. A basic mative, reliable and useful in understanding di- overview of the health situation in the country saster management and response for this country. and disease surveillance is also covered. For comments, questions or to request additional The handbooks include information on key printed copies of our Disaster Managment Refer- national entities involved in disaster manage- ence Handbooks please contact the Center for ment, disaster response and preparation, and Excellence at: (808) 472-0518. the military’s role in disaster relief is discussed. Please visit our website (http://cfe-dmha.org) Information on UN agencies, international Non- to view the latest electronic versions available. Governmental Organizations (NGOs), major local NGOs, and key U.S. agencies and programs Burma (Myanmar) Disaster Management Reference Handbook | 2014 11 on agriculture for employment and subsistence Executive Summary living. e quality and availability of infrastructure, utilities, and services drop o is country book focusing on Burma is outside of urban areas. As trade and business intended to be a reference for individuals opportunities increase in cities, the urbanization deploying to conduct disaster preparedness trend of recent years will continue and possibly engagements or disaster response operations grow, meaning that Burma will have to learn to in Burma, but it is not meant to be a checklist adapt to the demands of dierent socio-economic or manual for all disaster response operations. classes, an increasingly educated populace, and e research team conducted extensive research changing livelihoods landscapes. e conditions and analysis on existing Burmese plans, policies, of growing from a least-developed country with and capabilities related to disaster management ongoing conicts and humanitarian issues will and risk reduction. e team also reached out to pose challenges that make development gains United States Government (USG) stakeholders vulnerable to disaster and humanitarian hazards. and open source research to compile this book. Burma is exposed to natural disasters such as ooding, drought, earthquakes, cyclones, and infectious disease epidemics. Burma ranks as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, and the

Load more