Universidade Federal Do Ceará Pró-Reitoria De Pesquisa E Pós-Graduação Instituto De Cultura E Arte

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Universidade Federal Do Ceará Pró-Reitoria De Pesquisa E Pós-Graduação Instituto De Cultura E Arte UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO INSTITUTO DE CULTURA E ARTE – ICA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM COMUNICAÇÃO LINHA DE PESQUISA: MÍDIA E PRÁTICAS SOCIOCULTURAIS DIANTE DOS OLHOS DELES Reflexões sobre corpo e contemporaneidade EDILSON BRASIL DE SOUZA JÚNIOR (JÚNIOR RATTS) Fortaleza – CE 2010 EDILSON BRASIL DE SOUZA JÚNIOR (JÚNIOR RATTS) DIANTE DOS OLHOS DELES Reflexões sobre corpo e contemporaneidade Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação do Instituto de Cultura e Arte – ICA da Universidade Federal do Ceará – UFC, com vistas a obter o título de Mestre em Comunicação. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Francisco Gilmar Cavalcante de Carvalho Fortaleza – CE 2010 TERMO DE APROVAÇÃO DIANTE DOS OLHOS DELES Reflexões sobre corpo e contemporaneidade Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação do Instituto de Cultura e Arte – ICA da Universidade Federal do Ceará – UFC, com vistas a obter o título de Mestre em Comunicação. BANCA EXAMINADORA __________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Francisco Gilmar Cavalcante de Carvalho – UFC Orientador __________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. José Expedito Passos Lima – UECE Examinador externo __________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Silas José de Paula – UFC Examinador interno __________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Rosendo Freitas de Amorim – UNIFOR Suplente do examinador externo __________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Marcelo Dídimo Souza Vieira – UFC Suplente do examinador interno Fortaleza, 04 de agosto de 2010. DEDICATÓRIA A Deus que me permite olhar o mundo e questioná-lo. Aos meus pais, irmão e amigos que me apoiam mesmo quando não entendem meus questionamentos sobre o mundo. Ao meu companheiro Henrique Abreu que questiona o mundo juntamente comigo e, muitas vezes, me questiona também. “Meu corpo não é meu corpo, é ilusão de outro ser”. (Carlos Drummond de Andrade) RESUMO Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as potencialidades corporais do individuo contemporâneo em sua luta diária pela conquista da individualidade e do reconhecimento coletivo. Para tanto, a pesquisa toma como objeto o reality show estadunidense America’s Next Top Model a fim de tentar compreender melhor, a partir das experiências das candidatas do programa, como se estabelecem as relações táticas e estratégicas entre o sujeito e o mundo e de que forma as expectativas e conseqüências geradas por esses “embates cotidianos” com a realidade e com o Outro chegam ao corpo, transformando-o numa “arma” e num produto sociocultural. Partindo dessa lógica, o trabalho pretende analisar como são construídas – imagética e discursivamente - as representações do corpo feminino no reality e como essas representações, ao se adequarem às exigências do mercado global da informação e dos bens de consumo, refletem questões sociais e culturais ligadas à identidade, ao gênero e à sexualidade na contemporaneidade. Palavras-chaves: Identidade / Cultura / Mídia / Corpo / Roupa ABSTRACT This work aims to analyze the body potential of the contemporary person in the daily struggle for the conquest of individuality and collective recognition. So, the research is based on the American reality show America's Next Top Model, aiming to understand better, from the experience between the candidates, how tactical and strategic relations are taken between them and the outside world, as well as the body reacts the expectations and consequences originated by these 'everyday encounters' with reality and the Other, turning it into a 'weapon' and in a sociocultural product. Based on this logic, the work aims to analyze how the representations of the female body are designed - imagery and discursively - in the reality show and how the representations when are suited to the exigencies global market of information and consumer goods, reflect social and cultural questions linked to the identity, gender and sexuality in the contemporaneity. Key-words: Identity/ Culture / Media / Body / Clothing SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................................... 8 1 CAPÍTULO 1 – CORPO E MÍDIA ....................................................................... 14 1.1 A MEDIDA DA VERDADE IMAGINADA ............................................................ 14 1.1.1 Um pouco mais do que fantasia: reflexões sobre os realities shows ...................... 14 1.1.2 Nosso admirável mundo sem nome: reflexões sobre a contemporaneidade ......... 17 1.1.3 Uma nova ética para o corpo contemporâneo ....................................................... 21 1.1.4 Corpo, mito e “hipnose midiática” ......................................................................... 27 1.1.4.1 Dos riscos de olhar o mito ...................................................................................... 34 1.1.4.2 Do corpo-mito ao corpo-coletivo ............................................................................ 37 1.2 A MEDIDA DA DIFERENÇA ................................................................................. 43 1.2.1 Reduzindo diferenças: A promessa de um novo estilo de vida ............................. 43 1.2.2 Uma individualidade biotecnológica ...................................................................... 47 1.2.3 A imagem reencontrada ......................................................................................... 49 2 CAPÍTULO 2 – CORPO E SIGNO ....................................................................... 57 2.1 A SOCIEDADE DOS SIGNOS ................................................................................ 57 2.1.1 Enquadrando corpos .............................................................................................. 57 2.1.2 A transformação corporal em signo icônico .......................................................... 60 2.2 CORPOS SOB CONTROLE .................................................................................... 65 2.2.1 Promovendo fronteiras para corpos em construção.............................................. 65 2.2.2 Produzindo Vênus: O corpo e seus significados .................................................... 70 2.2.3 A voz do vestuário: a roupa e seus significados ..................................................... 76 2.2.4 Roupa: obstáculo para o corpo? ............................................................................ 81 2.3 A TÁTICA DO DEIXAR-SE VER ........................................................................... 86 2.3.1 Um diálogo performático ....................................................................................... 86 2.3.2 As performances da coisificação ............................................................................ 88 2.3.3 Multiplicidade e controle: manipulações corporais da moda ............................... 90 2.3.4 A cultura do presente absoluto............................................................................... 94 2.3.4.1 Sobre turistas e viajantes: modos de conhecer o outro ............................................. 97 2.3.4.2 Para os viajantes que ficam em casa ....................................................................... 99 3 CAPITULO 3 – CORPO E DISCIPLINA ........................................................... 110 3.1 OLHANDO O CORPO QUE NÃO É MEU ........................................................... 110 3.1.1 Desejo e controle na contemporaneidade ............................................................ 110 3.1.2 Sobre um panoptismo contemporâneo ................................................................ 114 3.1.3 Do fetichismo ao travestismo: modos de conduzir o corpo ................................. 117 3.1.4 Detalhe e disciplina ............................................................................................... 125 3.1.5 Quando a alma fala: informação e performance ................................................. 130 3.1.6 O meio panoptismo ............................................................................................... 133 3.2 OLHANDO PARA O CORPO QUE É O NOSSO .................................................. 135 3.2.1 Comunidade e máscara: negociações para se viver junto ................................... 135 3.2.2 Um território para a identidade ........................................................................... 140 3.2.3 A ideologia das paredes ........................................................................................ 144 3.2.4 Cabelos para corpos em construção ..................................................................... 150 3.2.5 Uma nova perspectiva para novos cabelos .......................................................... 155 CONCLUSÃO .................................................................................................................. 160 BIBLIOGRAFIA ............................................................................................................. 163 INTRODUÇÃO Este trabalho não é apenas sobre reality , mas principalmente sobre o corpo diante do olhar do outro e como esse gênero televiso possibilita e intensifica essa relação entre o Si Mesmo e o Outro. E ainda: sobre como este corpo reage às tecnologias de comunicação para se fazer presente em meio a uma contemporaneidade que, cada vez mais, desperta em nós um sentimento de desconfiança e auto-suficiência, produzido por uma realidade efêmera na qual, segundo Sébastien Charles,
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