CHURCH OF ST. ADALBERT 1903-1978 Grane Street Hill, 550 Lansing Street, Schenectady, NY 12303 (Jubilee Book)

Crested on a hill stands the Church of St. Adalbert, its magnificent steeple spiralling heavenward, a reminder of the Shrine of Our Lady of Częstochowa (Jasna Góra), the spiritual and cultural focal point of Poland. Thus located, it offers a panoramic view of the City of Schenectady. As the Documents of Vatican Council II underscored, the Church is primarily people-God's people. More than two centuries before the establishment of the Church, Polish immigrants were known to be living in America, among them Albert Zaborowski. One of his descendants, John Lansing Zabriskie, was living in Schenectady in 1792. John, who in 1795 subscribed funds toward petitioning the New York State Regents to establish Union College, was a member of its first graduating class. Records further indicate that Ludwig Gapczynski, after serving in the Civil War, took up residence with his wife on Veeder Avenue in 1865. Not only was he the first Pole to become a citizen in Sche- nectady (in 1868), but his son, William, was the first person of Polish descent born in the City. A tailor by trade until his hands were severely burned, Ludwig then opened the first Polish grocery on Ferry Street. This was a blessing for the Polish women who, lacking adequate English, were forced to bring samples of coffee, pepper, sugar, and other foodstuffs wherever they shopped. The store also served as a place where friends met to exchange news. The Gapczynski family, through their subsequent travel agency and banking interest, encouraged and assisted other Polish families to settle here. The first Polish colony, following the lead of Ludwig Gapczynski, settled on Veeder Avenue, Van Guysling Avenue, South Center Street (Broadway to State Street), Edison Avenue, Weaver Street, and Millard Street. In 1875, nine Polish families were residing here; by 1880, 21; and by the 1890's, 196. By 1890, a second Polish colony was established on Ferry, Green, Liberty, North College, Front, Lower State, Dock (alongside the present Erie Boulevard), lower Union, Jefferson, and Monroe Streets. Many Poles were attracted to Schenectady by the availability of land for farming, good wag- es coupled with a demand for labor by the General Electric Company (originally Edison Machine Works) and the American Locomotive Company (originally the Schenectady Locomotive Works —popularly known as Big Shop). With this increase in Polish inhabitants, the Church of St. Mary was established in 1892 to provide a suitable place for worship. At this time, there was a wholesale shift to the Sixth Ward which included Columbia Street, Eastern Avenue, Prospect Street, and Wind- sor Terrace, while later arrivals populated the lower part of the Second Ward which included Carrie Street, Foster Avenue, Hattie Street, and vicinity. 1 Many fled to these shores to escape religious and political persecution, cultural assimilation, and economic deprivation resulting from the partitions of 1772,1793, and 1795 which ravaged Poland, obliterating the country off the map of Europe. The insurrections in Poland in 1830 and 1863 against the Russians and the subsequent reprisals made asylum in America more imperative. During the early twentieth century, compulsory military duty was an additional factor for immigration to the . By 1900, a substantial number of Polish-speaking immigrants settled in the Mont Pleasant and Rot- terdam areas. They desired their own place of worship closer to their homes. Meetings were held in private residences to formulate a plan of action. Louis Leszczynski, Anthony Predel, John Bietka, Louis Kania, and Anthony Przybylek composed the committee assigned to select a location for the Church. Originally, they chose a site atop Crane Street hill in the vicinity of Francis Avenue. Fran- cis Trojakowski, Paul Pieszczoch, Leon Laskowski, Alexander Rupinski, and Bruzdzinski, comprising a second committee, sought approval of the Most Rev. Thomas Burke, Bishop of the Diocese of Albany, for the establishment of a second Polish Roman in Schenecta- dy. The Bishop granted approval for a church between Lansing and Crane Streets, the committee's alternative location. At the Bishop's suggestion, the name St. Adalbert was chosen for Schenectady's sixth Roman Catholic Church. St. Adalbert was a Bohemian Missionary Bishop and friend of Prince Boleslaus the Brave of Poland. Forty years after his birth, while performing his mission work in East Prussia, pagan priests instigated a revolt. Adalbert was killed on April 23, 997. Boleslaus ransomed Adalbert's body from the Prussians with payment of silver equal to the weight of the martyr's body. The remains of the patron of our parish rest in the Cathedral of the Primatial See of Poland at Gniezno. Boleslaus is portrayed on the right wall of the main entrance of our Church. On December 1, 1902, a $25 deposit was paid to the Veeder Estate for seven lots, five of which were on Crane Street (first known as Engine Hill) and two on Lansing Street. With sufficient property to work with, Edward Hanigan, a prominent area contractor was retained to build the Church of St. Adalbert. In the spring of 1903, the site was cleared of trees, graded, and the foundation for the new wooden church begun.

Rev. Joseph Gogolewski 1903-1916

2 On May 23, 1903, the Bishop sent the Rev. Joseph Gogolewski to take over the organizational tasks and to act as the first Pastor of the fledgling parish, numbering about 70 families. Born on August 10, 1867, Father Gogolewski attended high school (gimnazjum) in Piotrkbw, in the Russian sector of partitioned Poland. He later studied at the seminary in Wtoclawek and received priestly ordination in 1890. As prefect of institutions of higher learning, he was subject to persecution and removed from his position by the Russian rulers of the sector. Forced to leave his homeland, he made his way to America and was accepted by the Albany Diocese. Rev. John Szczypta served as the first assistant under Father Gogolewski. Thereafter, Rev. Stanis- laus Pruski, a friend of Father Gogolewski from Poland, worked as assistant pastor for three years. Following his departure, the Bishop named Rev. Peter Kujawski as assistant. Father Gogolewski assumed the pastorate with a small amount of cash on hand. On Memorial Day, May 30, 1903, when Father Gogolewski celebrated the first Mass on the foundation of the home being built by Francis Trojakowski, a trustee of the Church, it is reported that the foundation gave way slightly because of the number of people in attendance. On June 4,1903, the Certificate of Incor- poration of St. Adalbert Roman Catholic Church was signed by Father Gogolewski, Pastor, Francis Trojakowski and Paul Pieszczoch, Trustees. While administrative duties were attended to, the laying of the Church foundation was completed. A temporary floor was laid and a small altar erected. The first Mass on parish property was celebrated, outdoors, on July 4, 1903. It is recalled that an organ was carted up Crane Street hill by an unidentified grocer from his home on Van Guysling Avenue to the parish grounds. Prior to the completion of the Church, many parishioners attended services and received the Sacraments at St. Joseph's Church on Lafayette Street, just as Poles did years earlier prior to the formation of St. Mary's Church.

First Mass was celebrated on foundation of this home located on Crane Street. July 4, 1903, has special significance to Valentine Bluduga and Sophie Saybat united in Holy Mat- rimony on that historic day. The following day, July 5, Eugenia Kulczyk, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Victor Kulczyk, was the first person to be baptized. Although heavily involved with church construction, the parish founders were also concerned with the other aspects of parish-community life, namely with a school and a parish cemetery. A gift of five

3 acres of land on Hamburg Street (formerly Guilderland Road), forming the core of the present-day, fifteen- acre cemetery, was donated by Mr. and Mrs. Wladystaw Sobieski in August, 1903. The first person to be interred was Paul Zywicki who died that summer. Shortly after the Church foundation was completed, plans for a school were formulated and a two-sto- ry wooden structure was built. On September 8, 1903, approximately 200 children were enrolled in the new parish school. In order to facilitate the learning process, the students were divided into four groups according to age and size, since this method of grouping seemed to be the only solution. Among the early teachers were Mr. Cieslicki, Mr. Dolata, Miss Finan, Mr. Hapke, Mr. Kosinski, Miss Padley, Miss Scully, and Miss Wallace, with Father Gogolewski as Principal. The last of the three structures to be completed was the rectory, readied for occupancy in December, 1903, serving as the parish house until February, 1965. The school, church, and rectory were all built within a period of seven months. All three wooden structures were valued at $33,000. Financing this ambitious building program required large sums of money for those days. Every con- ceivable means to raise funds was employed by the parishioners. The Holy Trinity Society, which was founded by Frank Trojakowski, Konstanty Wesolowski, and Pienkowski and organized in January of 1903, donated funds to help defray part of the labor costs.

Oryginal Church Interior furnishings for the Church, such as the folding chairs and the altar carpet, were purchased with funds raised from door-to-door solicitations. Individual donations of cash, material, and labor were also made. In addition, a $6,500 mortgage was needed to cover remaining costs. With the construction of the Pleasant Valley Bridge spanning the Cotton Factory Hollow, easy access to the whole area was made possible in 1905, a contributing factor to parish growth.

4 By 1906, the census indicated that the parish had grown to over 250 families. School facilities were taxed by overcrowding. Seven additional lots were purchased on June 25, 1906, between Crane and Lansing Streets. Parish life continued to flourish and in 1907, burgeoning spiritual needs were addressed by the first Holy Mission in the Polish language to be held in Schenectady by the Re- demptorist Fathers. The Holy Trinity Society erected a Mission Cross to commemorate the event. Four lots were bought in September of 1908, on Lansing and Yorkston Streets (formerly William Street), including a large home on Yorkston. Bazaars, plays, skits, musicals, concerts, lectures, and other social functions were among the money-raising activities. The house was remodeled and used as a second school to accommodate a total enrollment of 430 children. With this acquisition, two classes were added, bringing the total to six classes. By 1908, parish property—consisting of four buildings and twenty lots—was valued at $41,000. A more modern school facility was being planned, but at 2:20 a.m. on October 9, 1909, the Church, ravaged by a fire of undetermined origin, burned to the ground. The Holy Mission Cross was one of the few objects salvaged. The early morning blaze was discovered by the sexton, Mr. Blonkowski. Prior to reporting the blaze, he and Father Gogolewski attempted to save valuables in the Church, including relics the Pastor had brought back with him from the Holy Land in 1907. A statue of the Blessed with a gilded crown, valued at $500, and a large altar which had been placed in the Church were destroyed. Some 20 minutes after discovering the fire, the alarm was first sounded. The two school buildings, located near the Church, suffered several hundred dollars worth of water damage. Five days later at the three Sunday Masses, Father Gogolewski posed these questions to the parish congregation: "Where shall we build the new church?" "Shall we use brick or stone?" "How large a church shall we build?" On October 31, it was decided to erect a brick church, at a cost of $45,000. The new edifice was to measure 130 feet by 60 feet and to seat 1200. Unexpectedly, primary consideration had to be given to the nature of the soil since Jacob Van Zandt, the contractor, encountered quicksand in preparation for the laying of the foundation for the Church. It is believed that this was caused by a spring-fed fountain, located in front of the Veeder homestead, which emptied into Old Mill Creek. To fill the plot, sand was taken from the sandbank on Old Engine Hill, opposite the Church.

Remains of First Church after the fire in 1909. 5 Soil tests taken by experts to depths of 50 to 60 feet necessitated the driving of cement piles for the foundation. This firm basic structure, facing southwest from the knoll top, has proven to be a very solid foundation with no evidence of deterioration. On one of the lots was a two-story house owned by the Anthony Predel family. The family donated the home and land to the parish. After acquiring the property, the parish sponsored a $1-per-chance raffle for the house, with a second prize of a barn on another portion of parish property. Maryan Jan- kowski won the house. An engineering feat was ac-complished after the drawing, when the dwelling was moved by a horse up Lansing Street to its current location at 832 Bridge Street. The operation was quite a sight to behold in 1909. The barn, which was won by Adolph Fitzner, was dismantled. In the spring of 1910, the cornerstone of the present Church was laid. The completed Church was blessed the following year. The parish ranks had swelled to over 500 families. Those who had previously helped to finance the original church and school (and constituted only one-third of the membership) were the same families who were being asked to rebuild the church. Understandably, these parishioners, struggling to eke out a subsistence in a new country, could not simultaneously carve out a life for themselves and donate funds and energy for both a church and a school. Plans for the erection of a new school building were set aside, and construction of the new Gothic Church, valued at $100,000, was begun immediately. Three Meneely bells named Zygmunt weighing 2,030 pounds; Wtadystaw, 1,041; and Stanistaw, 536, hang in the majestic steeple which rises 190 feet above the ground. The bells, cast in Troy, New York, were presented in 1911 to the parish by the businessmen of the Church, Sts. Peter and Paul Society, and the Holy Trinity Society. A fourth and smaller bell, weighing 100 pounds, salvaged from the original church is also housed in the steeple. The bells were consecrated on April 7, one week after the formal blessing of the church, by Most Rev. Thomas Burke, Bishop of Albany. The Church interior is enhanced by a high altar and two side shrines, constructed by the Tiffin Com- pany of Ohio and made of oak with gold-leaf trimming. In the center of the sanctuary is the imposing figure of St. Adalbert, painted by the famous artist Piotr Stachiewicz of Kraków and dated 1912. Adorning the high altar are two angels of Italian-imported Carrara marble. Also of Carrara marble are the statues of the Blessed Mother and the Sacred Heart. Candlesticks of onyx, with heavily gold- gilded frames, were located on the altar and shrines. Orig- inally, both sides of the high altar were flanked by circular candle holders con-sisting of electrified lights and candles. Also beautifying the sanctuary are two sets of stained-glass windows imported from the Tyrol, the gift of the Brzozowski family (Michael Roach). Depicted in the stained-glass windows are Saint Michael, Saint Elizabeth, Saint Ladislaus, and the Blessed Virgin Mary. Life-size paintings of , of the Universal Catholic Church, and Saint Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr, also the patron saint of Poland, artistically adorn the sanctuary side walls. Portrayed in the nave of the Church is an entire range of with a variety of emblems, among them the Polish eagle and the papal crest. Oval lanterns finished in bronze hung from thick square- link chains attached to triangular bases and fastened to an arch, originally graced the interior of the Church.

6 With the completion of the new Church, attention then focused on the long-overdue construction of a new school. Father Gogolewski, an educator and spiritual leader, con-tinually emphasized the pursuit of higher learning. He used the pulpit as a means of teaching the whole parish community. After hearing a sermon, every parishioner knew something new in grammar, current geography, literature, or hygiene. Examples and in-terpretations were linked to religion and patriotism. The parish elementary school continued to meet the needs of students in grades 1 through 6. How- ever, the necessity to expand the facilities and offer a higher level of learning prompted the parish to take action. A permit was obtained on September 16, 1913, and the cornerstone laid on October 19, 1913, for the new school. The year 1914 saw the beginning of the St. Adalbert Kollegium. The word Kollegium referred to a school which provided a college preparatory course for students in grades 7 through 12. The new school was unique, offering a combined classical and traditional program of study on the secondary level. A comprehensive treatment of the history of the parish school and Kollegium was found in an original printed document made available to the Jubilee Book Committee. To illustrate the intensity of the projected curriculum, required courses were to include a study of English and Polish and a selected third language among which were German, Greek, French, and Latin. Students were expected to read, write, and converse in their chosen language. Comprehensive requirements were listed in algebra, plane geometry, trigonometry, biology, botany, zoology, health, and manual training. Commercial geography, commercial law, bookkeeping, shorthand, and type- writing were mandated for those who desired to enter business college. Those who wished to enter a teacher's college were offered courses in the history and principles of education and psychology. The only other school of similar scope of training was in Orchard Lake, Michigan. Enrollment in the Kollegium included students residing primarily in the Northeastern United States, with one known student from Texas. Located near the Kollegium was a building to accommodate out-of-town stu- dents. It also provided facilities for the study of home economics. To organize such a complicated structure required a person of high intellectual ability and tremendous drive. Under the leadership of Father Gogolewski, a distinguished faculty served both schools. In addition to those already mentioned, the following were also members of the faculty: J. Baranska, S. Bel- niak, L. Bienkowski, I. Borkowski, J. Brzoza, A. Chylinski, Comstock, Donley, Gawor, E. Henry, S. Jamrog, Kubelski, Kukla, H. Kwiatkowski, Lewandowski, J. Matusiak, Mazurkiewicz, J. Mizia, P. Niemczynski, Painter, M. Quirini, M. Tendzigolska, A. Walsh, S. Wolongiewicz, J. Wozniak (MD), and S. Wozniak. This monumental undertaking clearly revealed Father Gogolewski's continued emphasis on the importance of a sound education for the survival of a culture. All the efforts, however, were short lived. Some reports implied that possible conflicts with other "American" institutions in the same geographic area created an uneasiness and, as other factors were added, financial support fell far below the needs. Consequently, the Kollegium became a part of history by 1917. High academic standards were accomplished in the Kollegium and a sound education was provided in the parish elementary school. After continued reappraisal, a number of changes were made which satisfied all the Polish community. In 1917 the Sisters of the Resurrection became the new faculty. Academic standards remained, and the passing of New York State Regents Examinations continued to be a requirement for graduation Father Stanislaus Chmielewski was appointed Pastor in 1916 by Bishop Thomas F. Cusack, after the resignation of Father Gogolewski. Father Gogolewski subsequently returned to Poland upon the invitation of his dear friend, Premier Ignacy Paderewski, to assist in the 7 reconstruction of war-torn Poland. Born in Lamont, Illinois, and educated in America, Father Ch- mielewski completed his theological courses at Sts. Cyril and Methodius Seminary, was ordained on June 5, 1900, and was Pastor of St. Joseph's parish in Herkimer before his assignment to our parish. Because of discontent within our parish, an attempt was made upon the life of Father Chmielewski. In 1917, an explosive was placed on the windowsill of the Pastor's bedroom. The explosion occurred shortly before midnight. Father Chmielewski was not at the rectory at the time, since he had been detained at a meeting. The side window and the walls in the reception room of the rectory were ripped asunder.

Father Stanislaus Chmielewski:1916-1924 During his pastorate, the first pipe organ was installed in the Church in 1918 and $31,500 of the parish mortgage was paid off. He organized and served as Chaplain of the Alumni Association. He stressed education of pupils with emphasis on preparation for Regents examinations. It was during his pastorate that the Sisters of the Resurrection were brought to the parish and became deeply in- volved in the parish school. Father Chmielewski left in 1924 because of ill health. Bishop Edmund F. Gibbons then appointed Father Anthony Gorski as interim Pastor until August 1925, at which time Father Joseph Ostrowski was appointed as permanent Pastor. For a period of more than a decade, the parish community worked in concert toward the same goal with steady but not exceptionally dynamic growth. However, from 1928 through 1930, several out- bursts of discontent occurred predicated partly by a proposed transfer of Father Ladislaus Guzielek, an assistant to the Pastor, Rev. Joseph Ostrowski. Father Guzielek, a young, energetic and well-liked assistant, worked extremely well with parishioners and various parish organizations. His pending transfer caused considerable dissension. Rumors were plentiful and mistrust prevailed. Grievances were outlined against the Pastor, and parishioners demonstrated not only on the parish grounds but also in Albany in front of the residence of the Bishop, Rev. Edmund F. Gibbons. These demonstrations were quite unpleasant, causing a greater cleavage in the parish. Father Ostrowski was transferred to St. Casimir's in Albany. Father Anthony Gorski was named Pastor of St. Adalbert's. Father Gorski immediately began reuniting the parish family. Signs of progress were evident.

8 Rev. Anthony Górski August 1924 – July 1925; October 1930-December 1931 In 1931 Father Anthony Pinciurek was assigned as Pastor of the parish. Rev. Guzielek in the mean- time was transferred to Amsterdam. The "Roaring 20's" came to an abrupt end with the stock market crash of 1929. After the initial shock wave, multitudes were caught in the grip of one of the most severe economy depressions in our history. Locally, our community was paralyzed. Since people had difficulty getting enough food and shelter for their families, donations to the Church were meager, to say the least.

Rev. Joseph Ostrowski 1925-1930 In 1935 Rev. Boleslaus (Bill) Watroba was assigned as an assistant to Father Pinciurek, an ardent taskmaster, already in his sixties, who was limited in the fulfillment of his pastoral duties. Much of the burden of carrying out the responsibilities of the Pastor fell on the shoulders of the newly ordained Father Watroba. In addition to his spiritual responsibilities, the yearly Easter collection and blessing of the food (all on a house-to-house, family-to-family personal visit) became a part of Father Watroba's normal duties. Considering the world conditions, it is important to remember that

9 during these depressed times many sacrifices had to be made to meet the normal basic operational expenses of the parish.

Rev. Anthony Pinciurek 1931-1943 As the country began to pull out of the depression, the parish attempted to catch up on some sorely needed repairs. The priests began visiting all parishioners at their homes twice each year, serving a dual purpose. Financial support was realized. Of greater importance, many families, previously unable to meet their financial needs, were drawn back to the Church. Father Pinciurek insisted that all parishioners do their fair share in helping to maintain the parish. A committee, made up of men of the parish, was formed to arrive at just assessments. People who were in arrears in their payments to the parish, once they were gainfully employed, were expected to make up their contributions. Through a concerted effort, the parish debt, accumulated during the depression, was paid off. The Church was repainted and the roof was repaired. Numerous improvements were made to the school. The rectory received a face-lifting. Ever conscious of the need to assist the Polish Army Corps in England, a special drive was established to purchase an ambulance. Father Pinciurek dedicated the ambulance which was filled with medical supplies, sheets, and blankets purchased through funds raised by parishioners who untiringly solicited donations. Shortly thereafter plans were begun for a new convent and a fund set up for this purpose. However, Father Pinciurek did not live to see the fulfillment of his goal. He died unexpectedly on November 11,1943. The period from 1931 to 1944 could be summarized as a time for restoration, rebuilding, and reunification Father Ladislaus Guzielek. Several months later, Father Watroba was transferred to Watervliet. Father Ladislaus Guzielek was appointed Pastor in 1944, and Father John Harzynski was assigned and remained as assistant for 15 years. Father Ladislaus Guzielek quickly renewed many old friendships and continued projects which were in progress. To meet the needs of parishioners whose families made tremendous sacrifices during World War II, special devotions, the formation of new groups such as Klub Matek, and supportive community drives were instituted. Father Guzielek became active in the Polish National Alliance and collectively a number of very worthwhile projects were co-sponsored with the Church of St. Adalbert, benefiting both groups. He also became actively involved in the Polish Welfare Council, which provided assistance to people of Polish extraction in our geographic area and also to families and prisoners of war in Poland. St. Adal-

10 bert's School was used as a collection point for articles of clothing, blankets, and other necessities sent to the needy in Poland. It is a known fact that in excess of 115 tons of articles were sent during that period. It is almost impossible to describe the endless hours of hard work by many people, including members of Niesienia Pomocy and other parish groups to bring to fruition such a worthwhile project. During Father Guzielek's tenure, $47,000 of the Church debt was paid off. On November 23, 1947, the parish sponsored a banquet, attended by 700 people, at which time the 44-year-old, paid-up mortgage of the Church was burned. During the ensuing years, new lights and heating systems were installed in the Church and school. New siding was put on the rectory and interi- or decorating was accomplished. In addition, the Church pillars were marbleized, stained-glass windows were installed throughout the nave and new front and rear stairs were constructed. The Parent Teachers Association was established in 1947 with the support of Father Guzielek. With the influx of parishioners to the suburbs, thought was focused on transportation of school children. In order to maintain the enrollment, a school bus was purchased. In the 60's, with increased main- tenance costs and insurance, as well as the development of central school districts in the suburbs, the parish school bus was sold.

Rev. Ladislaus Guzielek 1944-1960 Father Guzielek was the intermediary for the Polish groups participating in the United Nations Festival in conjunction with Schenectady's Sesquicentennial Celebration held at Union College in October 1948. Clara Domblewska, a parishioner, was crowned Queen of the Festival. This was a most welcome boost to Polish morale in the Schenectady area. The 50th anniversary of the founding of the parish was celebrated in 1953 beginning with a two-week mission held in April. The Mass of Thanksgiving on October 18 with Rev. Louis Zurek, celebrant, the first vocation from the parish and Rev. John Malecki, sub-deacon, most current vocation at that time, was followed by a banquet. The following morning a Mass of Requiem was offered commem- orating the deceased members of the parish. The Jubilee Ball, held on October 25, 1953, was the culminating activity of the Golden Anniversary Year. Bazaars, basketball for elementary pupils, and bingo were just a few more activities sponsored by our already very active parish. Receipts from bingo were and are a significant supplement to our parish funds. In the spring of 1960, Father Guzielek, because of ill health, was transferred for a period of

11 convalescence. Sometime later, he became Pastor of the Church of the Holy Family at Downsville, Delaware County, where he died on February 7, 1965. An energetic era of our parish history ended. With trepidation, Father John Krzysko accepted the assignment as Administrator in 1960. Father John Krzysko, who was born and educated in Amsterdam and served as a Pastor in Granville, New York, was appointed Administrator of our parish at a time when the Roman Catholic Church was faced with numerous liturgical changes prescribed by John XXIII and Vatican Council II. Because of varied interpretations internationally, there was much confusion and misunderstanding regarding the directives. With his unusual sensitivity for the feelings of the parishioners, Father Krzysko gradually intro- duced some changes. To update the liturgy, the altar table was added with the celebrant facing the congregation. The celebration of the Eucharist in English and Polish were initiated and Missalettes provided for participation. Significant adaptations were made during a period of 1 years.

Father John Krzysko 1960-1971 During these trying times, Father Krzysko, a very dedicated priest and a capable Administrator and Pastor, restored the financial health and stability of the parish. This was made evident by the many physical changes, among which were the demolition of the old rectory and the conversion of that area to accommodate a sorely needed parking lot. Other accomplishments included the painting of the Church interior in 1963, building of the new brick rectory which was completed in 1965, expansion and renovation of the cemetery in-cluding the erection of front fences. Perpetual care was initiated at this time. All of these ef-forts culminated in making the parish financially sound and out of debt. In the fall of 1971, Father Krzysko retired because of health problems. A lifelong member of the parish and a graduate of St. Adalbert's School, Rev. John J. Malecki was ordained in 1948 and holds a Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology. He established the Consultation Service Center for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Albany in 1969. Still retaining his position as Co-director of the Center, in September 1971, he was appointed our Pastor replacing Father Krzysko. To encour- age the parishioners to become more in¬volved in the liturgy and its significance, the People's Mass Book, a gift of the Altar-Rosary Society, was introduced. He was instrumental in the formation of the Folk Group which sings at the Saturday evening Mass. During the period of transition of pastors, 12 the need for structural improvements of parish buildings was brought to light with primary consid- eration given to the termite-damaged school. In January 1972, because of the increased demands for his time and personal involvement at the Diocesan Consultation Service, Bishop Edwin B. Broderick requested him to devote full time to the Center and assigned Father Edwin Prusko to replace him.

Father John Malecki With the assignment of a new Pastor, the parish community was very disheartened. Father Prusko took over in January 1972 at a time when Vatican Council II directives were being implemented on the local level. The Universal Church was experiencing changes and inevitably had its problems; so did the parish family of St. Adalbert. Commitments caused by necessary structural improvements were a financial drain on the parish. With the increased costs of education, the reintroduction of tuition was necessitated and met with resistance. The complexity of these concerns and the desire for a greater voice in parish matters were the underlying factors from which the elected Parish Council evolved. A physical change in the nave of the Church was made with the removal of pews, forming a center cross aisle. In addition, a brick three- stall garage was built to provide much needed storage space for heavy equipment, a car used by the Sisters of the Resurrection, and the cemetery truck. Father Prus- ko resigned for reasons of health and Father Carl Urban was appointed Pastor on January 30, 1974. Father Carl Urban, a lifelong parishioner, received his secondary education at St. John Kanty Pre- paratory School, Erie, Pennsylvania, was graduated from Mater Christi Seminary in Glenmont and received his Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Philosophy, and Master of Theology degrees from the University of Ottawa, where he also was a full-time lecturer at the Faculty of Arts. In addition he holds a Licentiate in Sacred Theology from St. Paul University of Ottawa. Following his ordination in May, 1966, at the Cathedral of the In Albany, Father Carl was a Religious Education teacher at Vincentian Institute and Cardinal McCloskey where he also served as Chairman of the Department. In addition to his teaching assignments, he served as assistant at St. Casimir's, Albany; Chaplain at Mount St. Joseph, Castleton; St. Patrick's, Ravena, and lastly in residence at Blessed Sacrament Church, Albany. Father Carl's arrival in February 1974 was at a time of confusion, hurt and misunderstanding within our parish. In the light of many sweeping changes in the Church since the Second Vatican Council, 13 the challenge was to continue fulfilling the intent of recent moves by the Universal Church and yet stay close enough to the people of the parish to make necessary changes acceptable and lasting.

Rev. Carl Urban 1974- During Father Urban's administration, the Continuing Christian Development Program (CCD) was expanded to encompass grades kindergarten through twelve for religious education of public school students with Father John Kostek, Associate, as initial director. Realizing the importance of the reli- gious education of the youth of the parish and with the increase in enrollments and the obvious need for coordination, Father Carl strongly recommended the establishment of the position of Coordinator of Religious Education. In 1977 the Parish Council approved the appointment of Joyce Beczak, a lay teacher. As Coordinator, she maintains full responsibility for all religious instruction in the parish school, for the public school children, and adult enrichment programs. Under the spiritual leadership of Father Urban, greater involvement by the parish community was realized. Participation in the communal celebration of , Reconciliation, and Anointing of the Sick have become regular liturgical celebrations. In compliance with the spirit of Vatican Council II, a parental program for First Eucharist and First Penance has been initiated. During the past four years, there also has been evidence of increased cooperation with neighboring parishes, involvement in and sponsorship of interfaith and ecumenical services, Vacation Bible School, as well as participation in adult enrichment courses. A number of physical changes also have been accomplished in the last four years: the replacement of the roofs on the school and convent, installation of a new heating system in the convent, new casement windows throughout the school, painting of the interior of the school, and the purchase of new draperies for the school hall. In 1974, a major overhaul was made of the church steeple. Within a short span of three years, the new resplendent pipe organ was installed, the financing of which was realized through memorial donations to the Organ Fund, initiated in 1974 by Father Urban. The forethought of Father Urban has resulted in a master plan for the remaining cemetery property. The first phase of the master plan is now completed.

14 In anticipation of the Diamond Jubilee Year, many noteworthy changes were accomplished. In order to incorporate liturgical changes prescribed by Vatican Council II, Reconciliation Rooms became a reality to accommodate the change in the celebration of the Sacrament of Reconciliation. To heighten the beauty of the interior of our magnificent edifice, the marble statues were cleaned. The deterioration of the painting of St. Adalbert, dating back to 1912, necessitated its restoration. Interior improvements included the painting of the church vestibules, the addition of new lighting fixtures, new standing holy water fonts, improvements in the public address system and the cleaning of the church walls. Exterior improvements included the repair of the stairs, replacement of railings and carpeting, the installation of additional new lighting, and painting of all exterior wood. Father Urban has continued the observance of many Polish customs so dear to the hearts of the Poles; namely, blessing of chalk and incense to observe the Feast of the Three Kings, blessing of foods at Easter, and blessing of produce and flowers on the Feast of the Assumption. The sharing of Optatki at all Christmas Liturgies as a symbol of peace was introduced by Father Carl in 1975. When Bishop Howard J. Hubbard visited the parish for the first time to administer the Sacrament of Confirmation on June 10, 1977, Father Urban and Father Kostek greeted him with bread and salt in keeping with a Polish tradition. In response to the Second Vatican Council's directive calling for musical adaptation and worship experiences reflecting the culture of the worshipper, Father Urban initiated the first Polka Mass ever to be celebrated in New York State. This unique celebration was witnessed not only by a church filled to capacity but also by the viewing public over a local television station. The Polka Mass, now an annual observance, was celebrated on Thanksgiving Day, November 27, 1974, at 10 a.m. with spe- cial musical adaptations provided by the St. Adalbert's Folk Group accompanied by Don Nikolski's Orchestra. Miniature babki were distributed to be shared with families at their Thanksgiving dinners. Father Urban was the driving force behind the reorganization of the Parish Council, the writing of the Constitution, and the establishment of six supporting committees, making the Council the most important unit in the operation of the parish. These very significant changes are most impressive in view of the fact that they were made in such a short span of time and initially underadverse conditions. In addition to ministering to the needs of his parish family, Father Urban has been active in diverse community-oriented programs such as Chairman of the Crane Street Economic Revitalization Committee and a member of the Mont Pleas- ant Neighborhood Advisory Committee. In 1976-77 he was Chairman of the Monument Relocation Committee for the Kosciuszko Bicentennial at Saratoga and a Board Member of the Bicentennial Observance. Since 1974 he has been National Assistant Chaplain of the Polish Union of America, Chaplain of the Polish American Congress of Northeastern New York and the Polish Welfare Coun- cil of Schenectady. He presently serves as Chaplain of the Schenectady Sheriffs Department and Commission Member for Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs of the Diocese of Albany. The success of the Jubilee Year celebrations must be attributed to the untiring efforts and organi- zational ability of Father Carl. A dedicated, efficient Pastor and administrator, attentive to current developments and the needs of his parishioners, he has made the parish a vibrant, involved, and loving parish family within the community. Through his efforts and that of the other nine Pastors and. an Administrator, tremendous spiritual and physical growth have been realized within the 75- year history of our parish.

15 Father John S. Kostek, a native of Hudson, New York, graduated from St. Mary's Academy in Hudson and received his Bachelor Degree in Philosophy from Sts. Cyril and Methodius Seminary located in Orchard Lake, Michigan, where he also pursued graduate studies. Upon completion of his theological training at the Seminary, he was ordained by Bishop Edwin B. Broderick on May 5, 1973, in his home parish, Sacred Heart of Jesus Church in Hudson.

Father John Kostek Father John served as assistant for one year at Our Lady of Assumption Church in Latham. In June 1974 he was assigned to St. Adalbert's as an Associate. Shortly thereafter, he organized and coor- dinated the Continuing Christian Development Program (CCD) and the adult servers of the Holy Name Society, a new concept in our parish. To implement Vatican Council II directives, the initial training of Eucharistic Ministers and Lectors was completed under the direction and spiritual guid- ance of Father John. Father John supervised all of the activities of the Altar Boys Society. This included organizing, training, and scheduling of altar boys in grades 4 through high school. In addition to his regular priestly duties, Father John has been responsible for the coordination of fundraising projects such as the Diocesan Development Program and the National Our Lady of Częstochowa Appeal. Within our parish we are fortunate to have the services of a deacon, a Greek word which means servant or helper. Although this is new to present-day parishioners, it is in fact a practice which was common in the early Church but not restored until the Second Vatican Council. Throughout the Roman Catholic Diocese of Albany, in the early 1970's, an appeal was made to single and married men, 32 years of age or older, to volunteer their time and talents to assist a local parish in Sacramental and Pastoral Ministry. After an interview with Father William Ryan, organizer of the Diaconate Program, the selected candidates went through a two-year training program, although the present program extends for three years. The training required one weekend a month studying all major areas of theology and services as well as liturgy, modern moral problems, the meaning of the

16 diaconate, homiletics, ecclesiology, and spirituality. In June of 1976, Stanislaus Stawowy, a native of Krak6w, Poland, was ordained a Deacon by Bishop Edwin B. Broderick in the Cathedral in Albany along with 21 other men. In his final year of study, he requested to serve in a Polish parish. Father Carl Urban was assigned as his academic advisor. A civil engineer by profession, in the New York State Department of Transportation in Albany, Stanislaus received his Master of Engineering degree from the Jagiellonian University of Krakow. Mr. Stawowy's ministry includes that of assisting at the Polish Mass each Sunday, making visitations to parishioners confined to their homes and in nursing homes, distributing Communion and sharing conversation. In addition, he is involved in social work, assisting refugees and immigrants in becom- ing acclimated to the community and to become aware of its many offerings. Mr. Stawowy, a deeply committed Christian, performs all of these services without remuneration.

Our Distinguished Pastors and Their Assistants: Father Joseph Gogolewski—1903-1916 Rev. Peter Kujawski Rev. Stanislaus Pruski Rev. John Szczypta Rev. John Wielebinski Father Stanislaus Chmielewski—1916-1924 Rev. Vincent Gorski Rev. Stanislaus Gospodarek Rev. Joseph Ostrowski Rev. John Pieniazek (Pienigiel) Rev. Francis Ren Father Anthony Gorski— 1924-1925; 1930-1931 Rev. Ladislaus Guzielek Father Joseph Ostrowski—1925-1930 Rev. Ladislaus Guzielek Rev. James Jakubowski Rev. Bronislaus Mendel Rev. Victor Szutowicz Father Anthony Pinciurek—1931-1943 Rev. Michael Herbut, M.S. Rev. John Tarasiewicz Rev. Boleslaus Watroba Father Ladislaus Guzielek—1944-1960 Rev. Joseph Ciulik Rev. Francis Czerniawski Rev. Boleslaus Dobrzynski Rev. Francis Drzewiecki Rev. John Harzynski Rev. Raymond Piechocki Father John Krzysko—1960-1971

17 Rev. Charles Augustyniak Rev. Joseph Batkiewicz Rev. Edmund Budrecki Rev. Ignatius Dziarnowski Rev. Chester Klementowicz Rev. Joseph Lepich Rev. Joseph Szarek Father John Malecki—October 1971 January 1972 Rev. Richard Lucas Father Edwin Prusko—1972-1974 Rev. Joseph Batkiewicz Rev. Richard Lucas Father Carl Urban—1974- Rev. John Kostek

MISSIONS Nine missions have been held during the 75- year history of our parish. Each has provided spiritual renewal for the participants with thought-provoking sermons, prayers, and fervent devotion. The first mission was held in 1907 following which the Mission Cross was erected. The last mission was held in 1960. A unique vocation among lifelong parishioners has been that of Father Kowalczyk, a Maryknoll Mis- sionary, one of the oldest and largest Catholic foreign mission societies founded in the United States. Father Joseph, a former electrical engineer for General Electric Company, was ordained in 1961 and assigned to Peru where he still ministers to the needs of the people. An important contribution has been made by Father Kowalczyk within his mission work. Through the use of his ham radio, he has been able to communicate his needs and obtain equipment for use in his apostolate. For example, a contact with a ham radio operator in Massachusetts made it possible for him to obtain pumps and lightning protectors. He himself installed them in a Seminary in the Andes Mountains, where he was teaching Indians studying for the priesthood.

Priestly Vocations: Rev. Alexander Augustynowicz Rev. Mr. John Batkiewicz—deacon (d) Rev. Joseph Batkiewicz Rev. Joseph Blonkowski Rt. Rev. Msgr. Francis Chmaj Rev. Peter Kania (d) Rev. Joseph Kowalczyk, M. M. Rev. Daniel Lukasiewicz (d) Rev. John Malecki Rev. Edward Tanski (d) Rev. Carl Urban Rev. Louis Zurek (d)

18 Rev. John Zywicki

Vocations to the Sisterhood: Sisters of Resurrection unless otherwise noted Sister Benedicta Adamczak Sister Edmund Baczkowska Sister Mary Lucille Borowska Sister Raymond Brodzinska Sister Chylinska (d) Sister Honorata Hanzes Sister Henrietta Jamro (d) Sister Alice Joan Jasinski Sister Emanuela Kita (d) Sister Mary Lourdes Kolakowski, S. A. Sister Ann Krajewska Sister Angelica Lis (d) Sister Theophane Minkiszewska Sister John Francis Obercon, L. S. P. Sister Basila Piechocka (d) Sister Przybylek Sister Mary Regina Raczkowska (d)

SISTERS OF THE RESURRECTION The Order of Sisters of the Resurrection was founded in , , on January 6, 1891, by the widowed Mother Celine Borzecka and her daughter, Mother Hedwig Borzecka. The beginning of the Community in the United States dates back to February 2, 1900, when four missionary sisters were warmly welcomed by the parishioners of St. Mary of the Angels parish in . In 1907, Mother Celine responded to the religious and educational needs in the East by staffing St. Mary's School (Our Lady of Czetochowa) in Schenectady and St. Adalbert's School in 1917. The principal work of the Congregation lies in the field of the education of youth. This Christian education is carried out accord- ing to a distinctive Resurrection pedagogy, the basic principles of which are: individual approach to the pupils; training of the conscience and the will; and an appeal to the child through love and truth. The initials C. R. which follow each Sister's name are in keeping with the motto, "Through the Cross and Death to Resurrection and Glory" engraved on each cross. When the Sisters of the Resurrection came to our parish as the new faculty, academic standards were maintained while a more human touch was added to the total environment. It was only natural that their skills would be put to best advantage by teaching youngsters. Many of us remember, especially later in life, that the were totally devoted to education; and except for prayer times and some convent duties, the Sisters devoted all of their energies, up to 15 hours per day, to teaching, correcting papers, and preparing lessons for subsequent days. The results of their efforts were realized not only by the parish family but also by the greater Schenectady area. It was an accepted fact that the students who graduated from St. Adalbert's School were ahead of other

19 students in their skills once they entered the public schools. This reputation was well deserved. This is truly remarkable when viewed in the light that in addition to preparing the students for all Regents examinations offered at that time, the Sisters also assisted the students in the production of various plays. They sponsored a number of student organizations such as the Children of Mary, Sodality, and St. John Berchman's Society. While the Polish language was not always dominant, it was forever present in daily activities. The Sisters prepared the children for the various religious activities such as First Holy Communion, Confirmation, and all the processions held in the Church. In addition, they decorated the Church altars for all occasions. The passage of time, the changing of our society, and numerous other factors have caused the parish to seek lay teachers to fill the gaps of the dwindling ranks of the Sisters of the Resurrection. Our parish is deeply indebted to the Sisters for their numerous con-tributions to our parish for more than 60 years. The educational background of our Sisters is very extensive, including studies in many colleges and universities, among which are the following: DePaul, Fordham, Loyola, Maria College, Nazareth College, College of St. Rose, Siena, and the State University of New York at Albany and Plattsburgh. The Sisters are continuously involved in educational workshops, enrichment programs, and retreats. The Sisters who accepted the multiple responsibilities as Superiors and Principals while still carrying teaching assignments deserve a special note of appreciation: Sister Immaculata 1917- 1920 Sister Seraphine 1920- 1923 Sister Cajetan 1923- 1927 Sister Alexandra... 1927- 1932 Sister Bogumila.... 1932- 1938 Sister M. Constance 1938- 1941 Sister Mary Alphonsa 1941- 1947 Sister Frances deSales 1947- 1950 Sister M. Assumpta 1950- 1953 Sister Angelica 1953- 1959 Sister M. Beata 1959- 1961 Sister Alice 1961- 1967 Sister M. Cassiana 1967- 1976 Sister M. Eulogia 1976-

PARISH ORGANS "Music is God's gift to man. Development of music is man's gift to God. " For one thousand years the Polish people have placed special emphasis on praising God through music and song. The list of beautiful Polish church songs and music is endless. It is no wonder, therefore, that following the formation of our parish and the building of our Church, the choir was organized. Thanks to the generosity of an unidentified Polish grocer from Van Guysling Avenue who carted a foot pedal pump organ up the steep Crane Street hill, the Church choir enjoyed organ accompaniment from its inception. A new pipe organ was blessed and dedicated by Father Stanislaus Chmielewski, Pastor, on Sunday,

20 May 19, 1918, at 7:30 p.m. This beautiful instrument was built by Mr. Radziewicz from New Jer- sey at a cost of $6,250. Total collection toward the organ fund is listed in 1918 as $6,012.96 from parishioners and numerous fund-raising activities. The program for that dedication was rich with selections from Bach, Elgar, Haydn, Verdi, and Rossini. In addition to organ solos by J. Czyzewski, D. Craugh, and S. Kosinski, vocal solos and choir selections rounded out the program. It was believed to be one of the finest pipe organs in Schenectady and served the parish well for more than fifty years. After approximately 30 years of magnificent service, an unnoticed, broken steam pipe in the upper level at the rear of the Church flooded the entire pipe chamber with steam and moisture. The damage inflicted was difficult to ascertain at that moment. Mr. Radziewicz's son, also a noted organ builder, made extensive repairs with the assistance of Mr. Frank Smith, a parishioner. The residual damage done to the thousands of glued joints continued to plague the proper operation of the organ. Numerous other repairs were made over the next 25 years with no degree of certainty that the organ would function properly. Finally, after receiving additional technical advice, it was recommended that the organ be replaced. Our imposingly beautiful organ was dedicated on Sunday, April 25, 1976, at 7 p.m. Mr. Leonard A. Carlson, architect and builder, did a superb salvaging some pipes from the old organ and rear- ranging the entire internal works to best use the steeple chamber as a resonant chamber and placed the high-pitched pipes high and close to the front of the organ to obtain the best possible overall effects. The estimated value of the new organ is $80,000. Donations by parishioners to the Memorial Pipe Organ Fund, which was established in 1974 by Father Carl Urban, Pastor, covered the cost of the organ. The organ console is the generous bequest of Edward C. Turski. The dedication of this new 27-rank pipe organ was truly an auspicious occasion. The services began with beautiful quartet music provided by members of the Schenectady Symphony Orchestra. His Excellency, Bishop Edwin B. Broderick of Albany accepted the invitation to bless this splendid organ. We are proud to say that our Church, embellished with flowers, included a formally attired congregation. Bishop Broderick's remarks were truly inspiring. He inserted a little levity when he said, in accepting the invitation, he was concerned that it would be necessary for him to climb on top of the organ to bless it. He was relieved when informed that he would bless the final pipe which would be inserted into this great instrument. The organ, in all its splendor, moved everyone in attendance with its beautiful tones and aura of power and magnificence. All present had a much better understanding of why a pipe organ is called "King of Instruments." Dr. James L. Trabert, Director of the Liturgical Music Center for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Albany, was guest organist. Mark Witecki, Director of Music in our parish, and Dr. Trabert both performed solos flawlessly. The choirs of St. Mary and St. Adalbert sang in concert with the organ and quartet, making the evening a memorable one.

CHOIRS The parish organized a choir from its earliest days. Records indicate that the name "Jutrzenka" was officially adopted in 1907 and retained for some 25 years. Over the years the parish has been inspired by the musical talents of the following organists who also served as choral directors: Mr. Lewandowski, Mr. Mazur, Mr. Vincent Witkowski, Mr. Anthony Grzegorzewski, Mr. Wierzbicki, Mr. Felix Woznicki, Mr. J. Czyzewski, Mr. Seypura, Mr. Makowski,

21 Mr. Chylinski, Mr. Frank Smith, Sister Theresia, C. R., Mr. Mark Witecki, Mr. John Molyn, and Mr. Stephen Pinel. It is difficult to indicate accurately the times and duration of most of them. However, Professor Adam Chylinski served the longest and left many memorable contributions. Professor Chylinski completed his studies at the Conservatory of Music at Wawno in 1903 and im- mediately obtained a position in the County of Nowoaleksandrowski in Poland. He arrived in the United States in 1905. After a series of appointments in several cities in the Northeast, including a short stay at St. Adalbert's, Professor Chylinski returned to our parish in 1929 and remained until his death in 1964. Not only did he play seven days a week at all Masses but also performed an important role chanting in Latin at all funerals. The demands on an organist in those times were many. In addition to inten- sive training in music, our organist had to be fluent in Latin, English, and Polish. In 1932 the choral group was reorganized and the newly formed St. Adalbert's Choral Society had Walter Butkiewicz as its first president. The choir's obligations were many and, of course, the singing was in three languages. Since Latin was the universal language of the Church, much of the music was written in Latin. Our parish organist took on the responsibility of writing and arranging four-part harmony for most singing in the Polish language. Many parishioners are not aware of the fact that Professor Chylinski arranged and translated hundreds of vocal selections. All this was done by hand. One had to see his beautiful work to begin to appreciate his skill. His musical scores and translations should be preserved for posterity. To this day much of the music sung on major holidays is the four-part arrangements of Mr. Chylinski. In addition to singing in Church for numerous religious observances, Professor Chylinski trained the choir for several concerts each year. For a number of years, membership in the choir was not automatic. Vocal tryouts were held and not all who "tried out" were accepted. At its peak, there were upwards of 80 singers. With changing times, tryouts were eliminated. In the early years when a con- cert was held at St. Adalbert's Hall, it was common to use all three floors of the school with more than 1200 persons in attendance. Ten to twelve area church and private Polish choirs participated, with selections sung in English and Polish. It was beautiful to see the comradery among all choir members and the organists as well. Rarely did one hear a vocal selection duplicated by another choir at the same concert. It was natural for all in the audience to "compare" choirs. We are pleased to say that the St. Adalbert's Choral Society always rated high even by the competing choirs. Times have changed; Latin is no longer the prime language for singing in church. Emphasis is presently being placed on congregational singing. The Choral Society honors God by singing regularly at the 11 a.m. Sunday Mass and performing four-part compositions suitable to the revised Liturgy. The significant aspect of all this choir concert activity may be summarized by the fact that for almost four decades, the choir purchased all its own music. A noteworthy contribution was that of the public address system in the Church. They continued to donate consistently to worthy causes in the parish. Professor Chylinski was the dean of all the organists in the parish history. According to our records, Lucyan Sekowski has been president of the Choral Society for more than 25 years and is still pro- viding the leadership in 1978.

22 RECTORY The original wooden frame rectory, built in 1903, faced Broadway. As the years went by and the geographical boundaries of the parish expanded, more families came to Church by automobile. By the early 1950's it became apparent that the old rectory was deteriorating and a need for more parking space was evident. There was one parcel of land, at the corner of Yorkston and Crane Streets, still owned by a private family. The Church Committee and several pastors in turn negotiated for the purchase of the property. The acquisition was made official in July 1958. Much thought and many meetings went into the planning of the type and location of a new structure. The final decision was to construct the new rectory opposite the main entrance to the Church.

First Rectory Because of the steep incline of the hill, a number of technical difficulties had to be dealt with to insure against any erosion of land. All obstacles were overcome and the impressive, brick rectory, constructed at a cost of $116,190 by Bunkoff Building Corporation and designed by John Link Associates, was occupied in February 1965. The demolition of the old rectory provided the parish with a large parking lot and a playground for the parish school children. Rev. John Krzysko, who was Pastor during those years, acted as a prime catalyst, moderator, and designer of the total project.

CONVENT The Kollegium instituted by Father Gogolewski required a building to house students who came long distances to our boarding school. When the parish discontinued the Kollegium and requested the Sisters of the Resurrection to become the new faculty in 1917, the old boarding house became the home for the Sisters. This two-story, woodframe structure took severe punishment from the weather. By the mid 1940's it was obvious the parish had to consider replacing the building for fear the old structure one day would be blown away by the severe winds on the hill.

23 Boarding House which was converted into the first convent Under the leadership of Father Guzielek, $75,000 was raised for a new building. The old boarding house and what people called "the old school," another wood-frame structure alongside it, had to be demolished in order to make room for the new convent. The cornerstone for this beautiful, all-brick structure was laid on Sunday, September 23, 1951, at 4 p.m. by Bishop Edmund F. Gibbons. The architects were Gander and Gander of Albany and the general contractor was C. Rowland Oswald of Schenectady. The heating and plumbing work was completed by American Plumbing of Schenectady with Edward Keeler of Amsterdam in charge of the electrical work. The total cost of the building was $200,000. This long-overdue project was acclaimed by the parishioners during the open house in 1952. Many parishioners and organizations made donations to furnish rooms, an altar, and statues. The Chapel, one of the architectural beauty spots of the building, is used daily for meditation and prayer. In recent years, the need to conserve energy during the winter months has necessitated the use of the Chapel for daily Masses instead of the Church. CEMETERY

The cemetery originated with a gift of five acres of land on Hamburg Street (originally called Guil- derland Road), donated by Mr. and Mrs. Wladyslaw Sobieski in August of 1903. During Father Ostrowski's administration, the cemetery was enlarged on June 26, 1930, with a purchase of 10.35 acres of land at a cost of $4,500. One year later a small land grant was made by Edward Trojakowski. In 1936 part of the cemetery was Grotto filled and leveled. During Father Guzielek's pastorate, yet further ground was graded and roads were built at a cost of $13,500 and a small parcel of land (.295 acres) across the street from the cemetery was acquired by the Church. In 1945 a local committee of Polish Army Veterans of America, Post #18, headed by Frank Wier- zbowski, president, and Mrs. Mary Brzozowski, Auxiliary president, appealed for funds to erect a monument at St. Adalbert Cemetery. The cemetery plot consisted of eight lots; six the gift of St. Adalbert's parish and two purchased by the Veterans for $200. On November 3, 1946, the monument 24 was erected in memory of Polish veterans who fought in France and Poland during World War I, from 1917-1920. The $2,500 monument was funded by Poles of Schenectady and vicinity and the Polish Army Veterans of Post #18. In May 1947 the Polish American Veterans of World War II organized the first Field Mass for which a temporary wooden altar was constructed. Since it continued to be an annual event, thought was given to the construction of a more permanent structure. The impetus for the building of a grotto was given by Mrs. Katherine Styczynska and Richard Leszczynski. Support for its construction at a cost of $7,000 was given by the Mothers, Wives, and Sisters of Servicemen Club (Klub Matek) and the Polish American Veterans of World War II. The grotto, designed by Richard Rudnicki, architect, was blessed on Friday, May 30, 1958, and dedicated to the memory of all veterans who participated in the wars of this nation. The Building Committee consisted of Father Guzielek, Katherine Styczyns- ka, Richard Leszczynski, and Edmund Nowak. Two Carrara marble angels, which adorn the grotto, and the steel flagpole were donated by the Leszczynski Funeral Home. The altar was the generous donation of the Stabinski family. To complete the landscaping, trees were donated by Mrs. Mary Pieczylonis. The grotto was completed in 1961 with the erection of two statues; the Sacred Heart statue in memory of Mr. and Mrs. Konstanty Piurowski and St. Joseph in memory of Vincent Bator. Both statues, which were funded in part by the families of Piurowski and Bator in memory of their parents and by the Club, were blessed following the Annual Polish American Veterans Field Mass on May 30, 1962. Money for the maintenance of the grotto is provided by the offerings received during the annual Memorial Field Masses. During Father Krzysko's administration, perpetual care was instituted and the cemetery was expanded to the extent of its present width and new front fences erected. Over the period of years covering the two World Wars and the Korean conflict, more than 800 pa- rishioners served in the various branches of the Armed Forces. While serving their country, 24 native sons lost their lives in the line of duty. Under Father Urban's leadership, a new imposing main entrance, an improved and expanded road system leading into all sections of the cemetery, and installation of water in the newest section were all accomplished within a short period of time. Further landscaping and additional landfill work has enhanced the beauty of the entire cemetery.

BINGO Bingo, as a source of revenue, was introduced in January 1960 under the leadership of Father John Harzynski, Assistant Pastor, and was played every Monday night for a period of 12 years with cash prizes of $975. Its purpose was to raise funds for the parish. Saturday afternoon "Big Boy Bingo," as it is known today, with cash prizes of $1,000 weekly, made its debut on October 28, 1972, under the direction of Father Edwin Prusko, Pastor, and Father Richard Lucas, Assistant. With the change from Monday to Saturday, greater profits were realized. Projects helped financially with funds raised include: Cemetery Fund, Rectory Fund, Organ Fund, Church wiring and carpeting, four stained-glass windows, improvement in the public address system, Church furnace, convent interior painting, draperies, appliances, a car for use by the Sisters, school electrical wiring, roof, draperies for the school hall, fans, ventilators, painting of the auditorium, remodeling the lower hall, and in recent years, salaries of lay teachers and teaching nuns.

25 JUBILEE YEAR The Bicentennial celebration in our Country was planned long before July 4, 1976. Similarly, our very ambitious Pastor, Father Carl Urban, began plans two years before October 15, 1978, the date on which the Mass of Thanksgiving and commemorative banquet were held, culminating the festiv- ities of the Diamond Jubilee Year. Under the dynamic leadership of Father Urban, the Jubilee Year festivities were many and varied, with consideration given to parishioners of all ages and interests. All activities were not only unique but highly successful with large numbers of people planning and participating throughout the year. To generate interest, a "Nostalgia Afternoon" was held on Sunday, February 27,1977. Several hundred pictures and programs, depicting events in our parish since 1903, were beautifully and artistically displayed in the school auditorium. Hundreds of parishioners, young and old, browsed casually, stopping periodically with "ooh's" and "ah's" as a picture triggered a memory of an event many years ago. The response of the parishioners was truly heartwarming as evidenced by the number of people who volunteered that afternoon to work on the numerous committees which functioned over a period of 18 months. CORPUS CHRISTI For centuries Polish people were known to have numerous, magnificent religious processions. It is no wonder then that with the establishment of a new Polish parish in Schenectady, processions became an integral part of the various Church services. Although Forty Hours Devotion, Easter, and numerous other holy days all called for processions, the Corpus Christi observance was the most outstanding. This religious observance, brought to America by the founders of our parish, was an authentic manner of acknowledging the heritage of the parish community. It was held on the Feast of Corpus Christi, which is celebrated on the Sunday following Trinity Sunday, and was highlighted by four in¬dividually adorned altars located at intervals along the processional path, each facing a point of the compass. In the earlier days of this celebration, the procession started at the Church and proceeded up Crane Street to Bridge Street, down Lansing Street, and back to the Church for benediction and final blessing. With the passage of time and the introduction of the automobile, street processions with large numbers of people became more difficult. In the 1930's the procession was restricted largely to the parish grounds on both sides of Lansing Street up to Yorkston Street. By the mid 1950's, attendance dropped and it became more difficult to continue the beautiful tradition. The practice was discontinued. During our Jubilee Year, once again as a living memento to a tradition centuries of years old, the outside procession was held at 4:30 p.m. on May 28, a beautiful day under a clear blue sky and 87 degree temperature. Several hundred people, singing hymns in both Polish and English, once again proceeded in the tradition of their ancestors to four altars magnificently decorated with fresh garden flowers donated by parishioners. Participating in the procession were members of the Choral Society, altar boys, parish school children, CCD students, representatives from parish organizations, the Sisters, visiting clergy, parishioners and friends. The celebration began in Church and proceeded outdoors to the first altar located at the entrance to the convent, to the second altar at the main entrance to the school, to the third altar at the side entrance to the school, and lastly to the fourth altar at the garage entrance adjoining the rectory. A gospel reading, incensation, and benediction were offered at each altar. The celebration culminated in Church with benediction.

26 POLISH DAY—EMPIRE STATE PLAZA On September 9, 1978, the Empire State Plaza in Albany was the setting for Polish Day in New York State. Numerous exhibits of Polish culture, handcrafts, folklore, and art were on display in the Concourse. St. Adalbert's Church had a truly outstanding display prepared by Father Urban focusing on four religious observances: an altar decorated for Corpus Christi (Boże Ciało); a table displaying Polish foods for Easter celebrations (Swięconka); a table setting for Christmas Eve (Wigilia); and a table with floral bouquets, spices, and herbs which represented the Feast of the Assumption, surrounded a picture of Our Lady of Częstochowa. Each display was clearly explained by a hand-lettered sign. Christmas wafers (Oplatki) were distrib- uted to all visitors with an explanation of this old and beautiful Christmas Eve custom. Traditional Polish foods were sold at various booths with our Altar-Rosary Society serving kiełbasa, sauerkraut, and rye bread. Polish dances were performed by several groups, including many young performers from our own parish. Activities of the day were culminated by a Polish Ball held in the Convention Hall honored by the presence of Lieutenant Governor of New York State, Mary Ann Krupsak.

MASS OF THANKSGIVING

Upon entering the Church to attend the Eucharist of Thanksgiving on Sunday, October 15, 1978, one's eyes were bedazzled by the exquisite beauty of our House of Worship. The bright rays of the afternoon sun through the stained-glass windows cast a splendor of color, emitting a brightness sym- bolic of God's blessings enveloping all who were assembled. The joyous and festive mood of this momentous occasion was heightened by the resplendent cascades of flowers along the aisles and in the sanctuary. Banners heralding the good news of a gratefully remembered past and a hope-filled future were displayed in the sanctuary. A procession composed of altar boys, numerous visiting clergy, Eucharistic Ministers, Parish Council members and lectors escorted the Rev. Howard J. Hubbard, Bishop of Albany, who was the main celebrant. Concelebrants were Father Carl Urban, Pastor, Father John Kostek, Associate, Father John Malecki, Father Alexander Augustynowicz, Father Walter Czechowicz, Father Michael Zakens, and Mr. Stanislaus Stawowy, Deacon. Inspirational music was provided by Stephen Pinel and John Molyn, organists, ac-companied by an orchestra. Among the beautiful renditions offered by the St. Adalbert Choral Society were "Bogu Rodzica," the oldest existing hymn in the Polish language, as well as "Rota" in an English transla- tion, "U Drzwi Twoich," Maryjo, Kr6lowo Polski," and "Boze Cos Polskg." The Liturgy was further enhanced by the participation of the Folk Group. Inspired by the eloquent homily of Father John Malecki and filled with pride and hope for spiritual growth from the message of Bishop Howard Hubbard, the congregation proceeded to the exquisitely decorated upper hall of the school. The excitement of this anniversary celebration in our history was augmented by the grandeur of fall colors in flowers and table settings for the anniversary banquet. Mr. Anthony J. Szpak, Honorary General Chairman, welcomed parishioners and guests and introduced 27 the Toastmistress for the evening, Miss Barbara Kusek. The invocation was offered by Father John S. Kostek. During the evening, dinner music was provided by an instrumental trio. Following the dinner, an Official Proclamation was presented by the Honorable Frank J. Duci, Mayor of the City of Schenectady. Remarks were made by the Honorable Clark C. Wemple, New York State Assemblyman, and Sister M. Eulogia, C. R., Principal of St. Adalbert School. The main speaker was Dr. John S. Krempa, a graduate of our parochial school, a member of the Choral Society, and the Superintendent of Draper Schools, who reminisced, citing historical highlights of the parish. A Legislative Resolution, which was adopted in the Senate on May 24, 1978, was read and presented by the Honorable Hugh T. Farley, New York State Senator. Mark Rafalik speaking in Polish and Paula Piotrowski in English presented a basket of flowers and extended congratulations to the parish on behalf of St. Adalbert School. At the conclusion of the evening, our Pastor, Father Carl Urban, presented a master plan for the liturgical restoration of our Church, which is the result of a two and one-half year study made by the parish Liturgy Team. The purpose of the plan is to highlight the focal points of our Church in keeping with the directives of the Second Vatican Council and the requirements of the liturgy today, while still maintaining the gracious and splendid architecture of its interior. A Memorial Church Restoration Fund was established by Father Urban with the goal of implementing the plans as funds become available. Closing the program was benediction offered by Father Alexander Augustynowicz for the many blessings and graces bestowed on us by God for over 75 years, followed by the singing of "Jak Szybko Mijaj? Chwile" by everyone in attendance in both Polish and English. Filled with inspiration, the parishioners left with grateful hearts, having par¬ticipated in a most memorable day in the history of our parish. Although the Eucharist of Thanksgiving expressing gratitude for God's blessings and graces culmi- nated the activities of the Jubilee Year, a feeling of exhilaration, jubilation and pride persisted long beyond the closing festivities.

PARISH SCHOOLS Just two months after the first Mass was celebrated on parish grounds, the first school, a wooden two-story structure, opened on September 8, 1903, with 200 children assigned to four grades. The faculty was comprised primarily of lay teachers, with some teachers of Polish extraction specializ- ing in the teaching of Polish and related subjects, and the remaining subjects taught in English by non-Polish-speaking teachers. All religious instruction was taught by the Priests. Within five years the enrollment more than doubled. In 1908 a private home was purchased, remodeled, and used as a second school to accommodate a total of 430 children. The parish school now offered instruction in grades 1 through 6. Following the fire which destroyed the original Church in 1909, the two school buildings were relocated to make room for the new Church. Masses were celebrated on the second floor of the original school during the time of construction. By 1913 the parish school enrollment reached 700. Two priests and lay teachers provided the instruction for pupils in grades 1 through 8. Tuition was charged as follows: 50 cents per month for each child of active Church members, $1 per month for children of inactive parish members, and $2 per month for children of non- parishioners. In addition, the parents were required to purchase all books and supplies. Father Gogolewski was continually concerned with and promoted higher education of Polish youth. To attain this goal, he established the St. Adalbert Kollegium which was originally intended to en- compass grades 7 through 12 and provide a classical, vocational, and college preparatory program. 28 This three-story brick structure, designed by Emery and constructed by Peter Keeler Co. at a cost of $65,000, opened in September 1914. From 1914 through 1915 the parochial school ended with grade 6. Seventh and eighth grade students attended classes in the new building. This most modern building was equipped with nine class- rooms, a library, auditorium, science laboratories, gymnasium, bowling alley, and manual training facilities. Students had to meet very rigid and specific educational requirements as prerequisites for continuation in the Kollegium. It is interesting to note that the new school became the focus for large assembly meetings of the Polish community in Schenectady and was a source of great pride for every Pole in the area. In 1915 Ignacy Jan Paderewski, world famous pianist who made extensive efforts in this country to raise money for Poland, was a guest speaker at the Polish National Convention held in the school. Interest in the Kollegium attracted students from various locations in New York State. The build- ing, acquired in 1908 and used as the second school, was converted into a boarding house for use primarily by out-of-town students at a yearly fee of $200. Many reasons, primarily that of financing the Kollegium, made it necessary to discontinue the projected college preparatory program. In 1917 the new school housed grades 1 through 8 with seven Sisters of the Resurrection joining the seven lay teachers as the teaching staff. The boarding house then became the home of the Sisters and the original school was used for choir rehearsals and meetings. By 1919, because of decreased enrollments, the Sisters taught all classes, eliminating the need for lay teachers. In addition to their regular teaching assignments, the Sisters of the Resurrection also provided religious education instruction for public school children in preparation for the Sacraments. In the early 60's, due to a shortage of Sisters and the decrease in vocations, lay teachers were re- introduced in the school system. At the present time, the teaching staff is comprised of four lay teachers, five Sisters and a Coordinator of Religious Education for the parochial school and the CCD Program. The services of a physical education teacher are provided twice weekly. Regents examinations were eliminated in the late 60's and were replaced by Diocesan tests. Tuition payment for school children was reinstituted in the early 70's to help defray the cost of oper- ating the school. At the present time, the tuition plan is as follows: $140 per family of parishioners, plus monthly parish support, and $200 per family for non- parishioners. Public school support has provided the free use of textbooks for the last ten years. The teaching of Polish as a language has been discontinued. Enrollment is open to everyone providing children an opportunity to obtain a high-quality education with the added advantage of religious instruction. The CCD Program has been expanded to offer religious education instruction to public school children from Kindergarten through grade 12. Eight volunteer lay teachers and two Sisters comprise the CCD faculty. These teachers must be certified and are licensed by the Diocese of- Albany upon completion of prescribed courses. Since certificates must be renewed periodically, the teachers are required to enroll and complete a specified number of hours of course work or workshops which are made available in the spring, summer, and fall of each year.

29 CHURCH SOCIETIES AND ORGANIZATIONS For the immigrants the parish was the focal point of their spiritual and social life as well as a cultur- al center. As a result, this gave rise to a myriad of organizations. The parish is deeply indebted not only to its founders but also to the organizers and leaders of the many groups which have existed throughout the years. It is difficult in the abbreviated treatment of the history of our parish to give comprehensive coverage to all individuals and groups who have shared in our success. That would take a volume in itself. Uppermost in our minds is, as it should be, our profound gratitude to the members of all organizations, knowing that collectively each has contributed to the total pulse of our parish and laid the groundwork for the organizations which still exist today.

Sts. Peter and Paul Society—1902 Sts. Peter and Paul, #200, Polish Roman Catholic Union of America, has the unique honor of being the first as well as the oldest existing society at the Church of St. Adalbert. From its inception on February 24,1902, under the leadership of Karol Gucz, John Proch, Anthony Madej, Martin Rogo- zinski and 16 members, its primary purpose was to assist the Church. Donations also were made to charitable organizations in Poland. A monetary gift was presented to the Organ Fund and the Our Lady of Czestochowa Appeal. In 1977 the Society reached a milestone in its history with the cele- bration of its 75th anniversary.

Holy Trinity Society—1903 The history of the Holy Trinity Society, #193, is as exciting and dynamic as the history of our parish. On January 10, 1903, Frank Trojakowski, Konstanty Wesolowski, and Jacob Pienkowski organized the Holy Trinity Society with the goal of establishing a Polish Roman Catholic parish in Mont Pleasant. Victor Lukasiewicz, Recording Secretary in 1938, listed the following as original members: Leon Laskowski, Louis Leszczynski, Paul Pieszczoch, Anthony Przybylek, Alexander Rupinski, Frank Trojakowski, and Konstanty Wesolowski. There were various contributions made by the Society, including money to help purchase the original lot for the erection of the Church, mortgage payments, and funds to pay the workers who dug the foundation for the first Church. In commemoration of the first Holy Mission, the Society erected the Mission Cross which remained as a landmark for 70 years. The organization became affiliated with the Polish Union of America in 1912, at which time there were only 32 members. In May of 1978, the Society installed a plaque replacing the severely corroded Mission Cross. After 75 years of service, the membership of 200 is evidence of its continuing growth.

Altar-Rosary Society—1903 The Altar-Rosary Society was founded in 1903 under the leadership and guidance of Father Joseph Gogolewski. The first administration selected was Julia Wroblewska, Hedwig Zaremba, Josephine Szymalak, Victoria Dochniak, and Theodora Potocka. The goal of the Society is to honor the Blessed Virgin Mary. A Rosarian commits herself to the daily recitation of the rosary while meditating upon the mysteries. One rose (Roza) consists of 15 members to denote the 15 mysteries of the rosary. The Society has grown from four roses at its inception to 20 roses in 1978. The Rosarians clean the

30 Church, maintain the Church linens, and provide financial support for numerous projects. From the earliest years of its existence, the Society has worked very diligently to help finance such projects as the building of the church, school, rectory, and convent. The 1927 Mission Cross was financed through the individual contributions of members of the Society. In 1930 an altar at a cost of $450 was erected, located on the left side of the sanctuary, on which the Mission Cross now stands. Yearly contributions for flowers at all holidays, sizable donations for the repainting of our Church, purchase of stained-glass windows, financing the building of the Chapel in the new convent, and renovation of the priests' sacristy are just a few of the ways in which they have come to the aid of the parish. The Altar-Rosary Society has never faltered and to this day the 300 members maintain that same stable image as an indestructible pillar of the Church of St. Adalbert. It is believed that the Society has never missed a memorial service for one of its deceased members.

St. Adalbert's Society—1905 St. Adalbert's Society, #242, Polish Roman Catholic Union of America, was organized on January 15, 1905, with 266 members. The organization has always had representation in all major Polish functions and has made monetary contributions including a $75 contribution to the Diamond Jubilee Fund.

Children of Mary—1907 (Dzieci Marii) School records indicate that on March 25, 1907, the predecessor of today's Children of Mary was organized with approximately 50 members. The Sisters of the Resurrection were instrumental in its revitalization in 1937. Primarily a religious group comprised of girls from grades three through eight, its purpose is to foster devotion to Our Blessed Mother, which would manifest itself in good works and Catholic action. An annual event is the reception of new members on December 8, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception. At this time the girls consecrate themselves to Mary. Under the guidance of the Sisters, the girls entertain and visit the elderly in rest homes, children in hospitals, and shut-ins of the parish. Other spiritual activities include vocation days, mini-retreats, and pilgrimages to Marian Shrines. A beautiful ceremony can be witnessed each year when on Holy Thursday the girls participate in the procession to the Repos- itory, making a floral offering of Easter lilies to adorn the altars. To climax the May Devotions, the Children of Mary take part annually in a solemn ceremony crowning the Blessed Mother. In the late 30's, the alumnae of St. Adalbert's School were encouraged to become members of the Sodality of the Immaculate Conception.

St. Joseph's Society—1910 St. Joseph's Society, #193, Polish Union of America, was organized on April 10, 1910, with 30 members. No records were available as to its history.

St. George's Society—1910 A colorful military organization called "Husarzy" was established in 1910. Each member had a uni- form, gun, and a sword. Once or twice a year they conducted maneuvers with groups in Amsterdam, Albany, and other nearby cities. With the onset of World War I in 1914, the United States Govern-

31 ment requested the members to forfeit their uniforms and guns. The equipment was put in storage by the government. As a result, the organization adopted a new charter with membership open to men, women, and children and officially became known as St. George's Society, #739, Polish Roman Catholic Union of America. Fifty percent of the original 183 members were foreign born. Insurance benefits are offered the members. In recent years the group has merged with the St. Adalbert Society.

St. Society—1911 St. John the Baptist Society, #203, Polish Union of America, was organized on January 29, 1911, by Ladislaus Buzanowski, Boleslaus Morawski, Ignatius Krystyniak, John Cieplinski, Francis Bojarski, and Szczepan Lisowicz with an initial membership of 80 men, women, and children. Monetary benefits were provided sick members on a monthly basis for a total of nine months. Since this is primarily an insurance organization, death benefits are provided. The Society has given financial assistance to newly established organizations and societies in our parish, as well as yearly contributions to the Church for fuel and flowers. Brotherly Help Society—1914 The Brotherly Help Society was formed around 1914. Membership was required of pupils in grades 3 through 12 and open to all other parishioners. Teachers and professionals acted in an advisory ca- pacity. One of the main purposes of the Society was to offer moral and financial assistance including tuition, texts, school supplies, doctors' fees, and medication for children of low-income families. Tutoring of all students was provided when found necessary. Awards were presented to outstanding students of the school. To imbue in the children a love of literature, the compulsory reading of books found in the library was mandated by the Society. Intellectual endeavors were fostered through the participation in lectures, speeches, discussions, and plays. Meetings were held monthly with member- ship dues five cents per month. Additional funds were obtained with the levying of fines for absence from meetings and nonparticipation in prescribed activities of the Society. Records indicate that the Society ceased to exist by 1920.

Alumni Association—1914 In 1914 Father John Wielebinski organized a few graduates into what became known as the Alumni Association of St. Adalbert's School. Membership was open to anyone who attended the school. In June of 1924 the group held a ten-year reunion. For eight of the ten years, Father Stanislaus Chmielewski served as the Chaplain of the Association.

Boy Scouts—1914 About 1914 the girls and boys of our school expressed a desire for participation in individual and team sports. Under the direction of Frank J. Smith, the Youth Sports Club (Sokoli) was formed. This group was a forerunner of the Scout movement in the parish. It became known as Troop #5 of the Schenectady Boy Scout Association. The Cub Scout movement was unknown in those days. Only boys 12 years of age or older were eligible. Weekly meetings were held at which time preparations were made for participation in local and regional competitions and jamborees. By 1930 interest in the scouting program dwindled. In the 50's, renewed interest on the part of dedicated men within our parish revitalized the Boy Scout movement which lasted until the mid 70's.

32 An active Cub Scout Pack for boys ages 8 through 10 with 40 members was organized in 1970 by Raymond Faluszczak, William Hungerschafer, Raymond Maslanka, and Casimer Laniewski. Many of the boys have been recipients of the highest Catholic Cub Scouting Award, "Parvuli Dei," presented at the LaSallete Shrine, Altamont, New York. One of their fund-raising activities is an annual rock salt sale held to finance projects and trips.

The Third Order of St. Francis—1917 The Third Order of St. Francis, a universal organization of lay people, was organized by Agata Ma- ciag on May 4, 1917, with ten members and Father Stanislaus Chmielewski as director. The parent organization is the Order of Franciscan Fathers in Burlington, Wisconsin. Through a spiritual life, its purpose is to create a bond between the clergy and lay people. Members are encouraged to wear a scapular and cincture (cord) as symbols of purity and penance. The guidelines prescribe daily recitation of the Office and attendance at Mass as well as the reception of the Sacrament of Recon- ciliation twice monthly. The Society, which exists to this day, provided the necessary funds for the installation of a stained-glass window.

Sacred Heart Society—1918 Rev. Stanislaus Chmielewski was instrumental over 60 years ago in the founding of the Sacred Heart Society. Its purpose is to instill in its members devotion to the Sacred Heart. In the past, monetary awards were made to distinguished graduating students of St. Adalbert's School. The Society also provided the necessary funds for the installation of a stained-glass window in the Church. Recently a contribution was made to the Organ Fund.

Ladies Aid Society—1918 (Niesienia Pomocy) The Ladies Aid Society when first organized was called "Pomoc Ojczyinie" (Help for Fatherland). The organization, originally composed of 125 to 150 ladies, had as its main objective assistance to war-torn Polish families and the raising of funds to help in the reconstruction of Poland. The name Ladies Aid Society was adopted following the war with attention focused on assisting the Church. Monies were raised through yearly dues, monthly bake sales, an annual card party, and dances. Funds were used to finance the purchase of a stained-glass window and stove and kitchen cabinets in the lower kitchen in the school. Contributions were made for flowers during the holidays and recently to the Organ and Jubilee Funds. The Ladies Aid Society, in cooperation with the Polish Welfare Council and other parish organizations, assembled and shipped over 115 tons of clothing, blankets, and supplies which were sent to Poland, prisoners of war, and refugees in Europe.

St. Theresa Lodge—1926 One of a number of subsidiary lodges founded at St. Adalbert's was that of St. Theresa, #317, Polish Union of America, organized in December of 1926 by Helen Turski with approximately 50 members. She presided over the organization for 35 years. Its primary purpose was to act as an insuring agen- cy to provide families with financial protection. Throughout the years the organization has thrived, witnessed by the fact that in 1976 the membership celebrated its 50th anniversary. Currently there are over 150 members who hold monthly meetings and an annual card party. Funds were raised to 33 finance the installation of a stained-glass window in the Church.

St. Adalbert's Athletic Club—1927 Opportunities for release of excess energy by young men was realized with the formation of the St. Adalbert's Athletic Club. It was first conceived in the minds of Anthony Grubalski, Charles Marchew- ka, and Frank J. Smith. Interested men first assembled on February 27 with a thought of establishing a group. A memorable "big" meeting held on May 2,1927, resulted in the official organization of the group and the election of officers. For more than two decades this vigorous organization dominated the sports scene over an 80-mile radius. The activities of the Club were varied. Organized teams participated in football, basketball, handball, baseball, softball, and swimming. Minimum age for acceptance was 18 years—there was no maximum age limit. It is interesting to note that this organi- zation Kept complete and detailed records of activities and committees, which identified the degree of success of virtually all undertakings. A monthly bulletin was published featuring a biographical sketch of a different club member in each issue. The Club developed some of the finest athletes in the greater capital district area. This was corroborated by the fact that the S.A.A.C. dominated most leagues in virtually all competitive sports. Although the records are full of outstanding achievements by teams for more than three decades, the greatest was the basketball team in 1939. The team beat out all teams in the Eastern Amateur Athletic Union League and went on to Denver, Colorado, where it placed second in national competition. The Club made worthy financial contributions to the Church. Uniforms and equipment for all sports and the improvement of facilities were financed by the Club. Members of the Club became involved in working with the younger boys in the parish to the extent of organizing teams for boys from age 10. When viewed in the light that there was no other outlet for boys "on the hill," and the fact that most parents could not even afford Y.M.C.A. memberships, the S.A.A.C. truly filled a most needed gap in the life of the parish.

Sodality of the Immaculate Conception—1936 The forerunner of the Sodality was the St. Agnes Society with membership open to all single girl graduates. When a member married, she received a monetary gift of $25. The Sodality of Immaculate Conception was organized in 1936 with the permission of Father Anthony Pinciurek, Pastor, and under the guidance of the Sisters of the Resurrection. Sister Frances deSales accepted the role as Moderator. Sister deSales was a human dynamo, and although there were only 12 girls at the first meeting, in just a few months membership grew to at least 50 girls. Although the Sodality was active in numerous respects, the greatest efforts and success came from putting on four religiously inspired plays during Lent. The plays were so impressive that each performance drew at least 400 people. It is remarkable to note that all scenery and costumes were made by volunteer help from parish boys and girls; occa- sionally an elaborate costume was acquired from New York City. Sister Theresa was a tremendous asset to the group, taking charge of the scenery. The rehearsals were many and usually long, as the plays generally required 2Vz to 3 hours for the total production. Each play was presented twice; once in the afternoon for children and then in the evening for adults. Following are the names of some of the plays as remembered by charter members: "Poncia, Daughter of Pilate," "Mary Magdalene," "Honor Thy Father and Thy Mother," and lastly "Sladami Mistrza," a play in which a few young men from the parish performed. All the proceeds from the Passion Plays were donated to the Church.

34 A significant event clearly identified members of the Sodality on their wedding day. During the cere- mony, the bride would go to the altar of the Blessed Virgin Mary and while members of the Sodality sang appropriate hymns, the bride received a white prayer book and white rosary. This was a very impressive part of the wedding ceremony. With the transfer of Sisters deSales and Theresa, the organization remained in limbo until Sister Theresa's reassignment to our parish. She reactivated the Sodality but this time with much younger girls, generally early high school age. Efforts were directed more to the needs of the 50's. The girls put on numerous Forums geared to the interests of young people and held them in the upper hall on Sundays. Many distinguished leaders of those times spoke at these Forums including, Father Wil- liam Crandall of the College of St. Rose and Father Donald Starks. At one Forum, a Korean foreign exchange student spoke on the needs of her country. The girls worked hard at extra jobs to raise money for Summer Catholic Action programs which were held in large cities with representatives from our parish attending sessions in New York City and Chicago. They also set up a specific schedule visiting lonely and elderly people from the parish, conducted dances, card parties, and bake sales and still found time for prayer meetings and weekend retreats in Castleton. Sister Theresa's second transfer from our parish brought to a close a 25-year era of brilliant work performed by our young girls.

St. John Berchman Society—1939 The St. Aloysius Society was the forerunner of St. John Berchman Society. Altar boys existed in our parish from its earliest days and for many years in the 1920's and early 1930's, Sister Clara was in charge. The primary responsibility was to assist the Priests at all Masses and all Services. Since Latin was the universal language of the Catholic Church at that time, all the altar boys had to memorize the Latin responses to the priests' prayers. In 1939 Sister Annette was assigned to our parish and also was placed in charge of the Altar Boys Society. She was (and still is) a great believer in self-governance and immediately got the boys to organize. They elected officers, formed committees, wrote a Constitution which was accepted by the entire group, and established certain customs. The Society chose the name of St. John Berchman and on his feast day in November of each year, at a solemn High Mass at 11 a.m., all new members were inducted by the Pastor. The boys' choir sang and the older boys assisted the priests at the altar. This was truly a memorable occasion as all the boys then were treated to a meal and an outstanding program for the afternoon. Although the boys planned their activities, Sister Annette was the catalyst at all times. The cooperative efforts of many fathers and businessmen helped generate an aura of love, allegiance, and loyalty to our parish. Among the men who helped were John Poltorak, affec- tionately called "Chief," and Ed Bojarczuk who never refused to assist and provided much of the leadership for activities. In addition to all the church activities which kept the boys fully occupied, the need for money for special projects was earned through hard work. Many of the boys remained in the group until they got married. Consequently, two groups were created within one organization; the younger boys, 8 to 13, and the older boys, 14 to 23 years of age. One of their accomplishments was the formation of an orchestra called "Silver Streaks" which was organized and directed by Ed Wajda. This Orchestra provided the music, without charge, for many occasions, including dances. These fund-raising events enabled the Society to purchase many things which the parish otherwise

35 could not afford. Consequently, summer camping outings for extended periods, summer School of Action programs, baseball, darts, and pool leagues were just some of the cherished yearly events of the Society. When the United States became involved in World War II, many of the older boys joined the Armed Services. Writing letters and sending packages to our boys in the service became a regular event. Some boys on furlough got married; others waited until they were discharged. In any case, it was not unusual to see many boys in their twenties serving at weddings of their fellow "altar boys." All in all, this was truly a very active Society which provided excellent opportunities for young boys and young men to not only strengthen their spiritual needs but also provided a tremendous opportu- nity for physical outlets through sports and numerous social activities. After Sister Annette left our parish, the changing times brought about different needs and by the late 1950's the Society confined its activity to primarily serving at Mass and other church functions.

Mothers, Wives, Sisters of Servicemen Club— 1940's The Mothers, Wives, Sisters of Servicemen Club was organized during World War II. To pay tribute to the parishioners who served during the War, the Club erected a beautifully conceived and artisti- cally designed Roll of Honor listing the names of all servicemen from our parish. The names were individually hand lettered by Sister Rosaria. The Roll of Honor, approximately 4 feet high and 8 feet long, was on display in the Church. The Club established a schedule of sending letters and packages to servicemen. This generated a strong bond between the servicemen and our parish. The Club and the Polish Welfare Council cosponsored a special drive to purchase an ambulance for the Polish Army Corps in England. After the War a banquet was held honoring all veterans. Gifts of stained-glass windows enhance the Church in the name of this organization. The Club also assisted with the United Nations Festival held at Union College in 1948. The Club was the prime instigator for the construction of the grotto at St. Adalbert Cemetery.

St. Adalbert CYO Basketball—1945 The popularity of sports at St. Adalbert's existed as early as 1914, however, there was no opportunity to compete with other schools. With the advent of the formation of the Catholic Youth Organization (CYO) League in 1945, St. Adalbert's joined the League. Father John Ha- rzynski, Assistant to Father Guzielek, was the catalyst behind the concerted effort to join the League. It was upon his suggestion that a portion of the backstage was converted into a shower and locker room for the boys. This was a labor of love as evidenced by the hundreds of hours of physical work involved in the conversion of the facilities. Frank Smith was the first coach of the team. Games were initially played in the old St. Luke's hall. The five teams competing in the League were: St. Luke's, St. Mary's, St. Adalbert's, Mount Carmel, and Bellevue Catholics. The League was expanded and presently includes the following: Immaculate Conception of Bellevue, Immaculate Conception of Glenville, St. Mary's of Schenectady, St. Mary's of Crescent, Our Lady of Assumption, St. , St. Clare's, St. , and St. Adalbert's. In 1966 St. Adalbert's was victorious in winning the championship. The parish is most grateful for the efforts of many volunteer coaches and assistants who spent hundreds of hours with our youth over the years. Without the efforts of the present coaches, the fine tradition we enjoy could not be continued. 36 St. Helen's Lodge—1946 St. Helen's Lodge, #1408, Polish Roman Catholic Union of America, was organized by Walter Mag- dalenski and Walter Juszkiewicz, with 21 members present on May 26, 1946. This is of particular interest since the St. Helen's Lodge has generally been known as a "ladies" organization, and yet men spearheaded the movement. It offers insurance protection for its members. Many contributions have been made by this organization; namely, the purchase of a stained-glass window, a gift of $200 towards a room in the convent, prizes and gifts for graduates of St. Adalbert's School, offerings for flowers at Christmas and Easter, and donations for repairs and fuel bills. In answer to appeals for funds, St. Helen's Lodge contributed toward the erection of the Pulaski Monument in Schenectady and granted financial assistance to help save the Our Lady of Częstochowa Shrine in Doylestown, Pennsylvania.

Parent Teachers Guild—1947 In the early stages of the development of our parish, the parents depended upon the Religious to handle the affairs of the school. With the national growth of the P.T.A. movement (Parent Teachers Association), our parish felt a need to organize a similar group. Hedwig Bojarczuk, Sister Frances deSales, and Father Ladisiaus Guzielek organized the first Parent Teachers Association in 1947. Although it began with only 35 members, it has sustained a very active group over the past 30 years and currently has 60 members. Of primary importance is the fostering of good relations among the pastor, parents, and teachers. A great achievement was accomplished by the group with the purchase of a nine-passenger station wagon which was blessed and presented to the Sisters by Father Krzysko, Pastor, in the 60's. Fund-raising and social events are held annually and include Tag Day, bake sales, Christmas Fair, children's parties, Mother's Day Program, Teacher Recognition Day, and other school-parish programs. The Guild's financial and moral support of our parish school is immeasurable and must be considered as one of the most im¬portant elements con- tributing to the successful survival of our school.

Girl Scouts—1954 The official investiture of two Schenectady Girl Scout troops of St. Adalbert's School took place on December 13, 1954. Troop #142, originally composed of girls in grades 5 and 6, was under the lead- ership of Bradt and Helen Butrym. Troop #135, composed of girls in grades 7 and 8, was under the leadership of Eleanor Bohanski, Sophie Olwert, and Florence Kozak. Each troop had 18 members. As the girls progressed, Troop #134 was formed under the leadership of Genevieve Krys- tofik and Felicia Zielonkowski. Troop #135 later became the senior scouting group, known as Trail Blazers, for grades 9 through 12 and continued in existence for about 12 years. It was essential for a girl to become a first-class scout, requiring two years of preparation, prior to being eligible for the Mater Dei Catholic Girl Scouting Award. About 40 girls in ail troops received the Mater Dei medal in the Immaculate Conception Cathedral in Albany. Two girls distinguished themselves by being chosen to represent the district at the National Round Up in Colorado in 1959 and New England in 1961.

37 Holy Name Society—1959 Father John Harzynski, realizing the need to encourage young men of the parish to participate more actively in the parish community and to honor the names of God and Jesus Christ, laid the groundwork and was the organizer of the Holy Name Society. The organization had an inspirational effect on the parish. It was chartered on April 13, 1959, with a membership of 192. Monthly Corporate Communion, assisting at Mass, and the annual Family Communion Breakfast are the primary spiritual activities. The membership became an established part of Church activities, assisting in annual parish bazaars in addition to directing traffic during major parish events. Various fund-raising activities including an annual dance, raffle, and proceeds from the Communion Breakfast have enabled this Society to contribute significantly to the redecorating of the Church, new electric fixtures, new rectory, repair of stained-glass windows, donation to the Organ Fund, food baskets for needy families, and uniforms and equipment for the CYO teams. Boundless energy has aided this organization in achieving a positive image which is admired by young and old parishioners.

Folk Group (Youth Choir)—1971 At the suggestion of Father John Malecki, Pastor, in an effort to give the youth an opportunity to participate in the Liturgy, the Folk Group was formed in 1971 by Michael Collins, Diane Godlewski, Tom Morgan, and Laurie Sroczynski. The 15 members sing and accompany themselves at the weekly 5:30 Folk Mass. This group has made appearances on the Table of the Lord, a televised Mass over Channel 10. Some of their other ac-complishments include the participation in the annual Thanks- giving Polka Mass and annual visits to the Hallmark Nursing Home. An unusual activity involved an appearance with a group of deaf people from the Diocese celebrating Mass in sign language which required special rehearsals with members of the deaf community.

Parish Council—1971 From the formation of the parish until 1971, parishioners comprised a Committee which provided assistance in the operation and progress of the parish. The Parish Committee, which was composed of trustees and collectors, were elected by the parishioners at a big meeting held after High Mass. The meeting was announced well in advance and usually there were several hundred people who attended and nominated parishioners from the floor. The election was held at that meeting. The trustees were responsible for handling all the money and had authority to sign numerous "important" papers. The collectors had a primary responsibility, that of collecting at all Masses. The collections were then turned over to the trustees who recorded general sums— this was prior to the envelope system. The secretary was selected and appointed by the Pastor from the trustees who were elected. Mr. A. J. Szpak was secretary for many years. The secretary was responsible for the proper recording of all collections, dues, and all financial activities of the parish for the year. In addition, it was the secretary who was responsible for publishing the annual reports (Sprawozdanie) which was a reflection of the parish financial activities over a period of twelve months. A Vatican Council II directive mandated the establishment of a Parish Council. In 1972 the first elected Council consisted of ten members. The Parish Council, as presently organized, includes 14 members, two of whom are trustees. A chairman and secretary are elected by the Council members and provide

38 the leadership for the group. To become a member of the Council, adult parishioners are asked to submit their names for consideration and are placed on the ballot. Each parishioner elected to the Council serves a two-year term; therefore, only seven new members are selected each year through the ballots cast by all parishioners. The Council has been given a great deal of impetus under Father Urban's leadership. Six supporting committees have been established to involve each of the members in some type of service to the parish. The committees include the following: Liturgy Team, Finance, Properties, Christian Service, Social, and Education. Committees meet individually and regularly and report progress to the Coun- cil at the regular monthly meetings. The purpose of the Council is to act in an advisory capacity, assisting the Pastor in making decisions. Under the leadership of Father Urban, the Council has also written a Constitution providing well-defined rules of operation. It has become one of the most vital functioning organizations within the parish.

RECTORY

SCHOOL

39