Community-Based Violence Prevention: an Assessment of Pittsburgh’S One Vision One Life Program
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The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Community-Based Violence Prevention: An Assessment of Pittsburgh’s One Vision One Life Program Author: Jeremy M. Wilson, Steven Chermak, Edmund F. McGarrell Document No.: 230758 Date Received: June 2010 Award Number: 2006-IJ-CX-0030 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Community-Based Violence Prevention An Assessment of Pittsburgh’s One Vision One Life Program Jeremy M. Wilson, Steven Chermak, Edmund F. McGarrell Supported by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, and the Richard King Mellon Foundation Safety and Justice A RAND INFRASTRUCTURE, SAFETY, AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM This research was supported by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, and by the Richard King Mellon Foundation and was conducted under the auspices of the Safety and Justice Program within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wilson, Jeremy M., 1974- Community-based violence prevention : an assesment of Pittsurgh's One Vision, One Life Program / Jeremy M. Wilson, Steven Chermak, Edmund F. McGarrell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-8330-4993-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. One Vision, One Life Program (Pittsburgh, Pa.) 2. Violent crimes—Pennsylvania— Pittsburgh—Prevention. 3. Violent crimes—Pennsylvania—Pittsburgh—Citizen participation. 4. Crime prevention—Pennsylvania—Pittsburgh—Citizen participation. I. Chermak, Steven M. II. McGarrell, Edmund F., 1956- III. Title HV6795.P6W55 2010 364.409748'86--dc22 2010017983 The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R® is a registered trademark. © Copyright 2010 RAND Corporation Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Copies may not be duplicated for commercial purposes. Unauthorized posting of RAND documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND documents are protected under copyright law. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit the RAND permissions page (http://www.rand.org/publications/ permissions.html). Published 2010 by the RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2665 RAND URL: http://www.rand.org/ To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Email: [email protected] This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Preface In 2006, more than 6 million individuals were victimized by violent crimes in the United States. Although violence is below levels of the early 1990s, it remains high. The extent of violence and its impact high- light a critical need to develop and implement effective programs to reduce violence and victimization. Communities have initiated a wide range of such programs, and scholars have conducted numerous evalu- ations of varying quality of them. Reviews have found certain types of strategies and specific programs to be promising, but additional critical evaluations are needed to plan violence-reduction programs. This monograph assesses the implementation and impact of the One Vision One Life violence-prevention strategy in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 2003, Pittsburgh witnessed a 49-percent increase in homicides, prompting a “grassroots” creation and implementation of the One Vision One Life antiviolence strategy. This initiative used a problem-solving, data-driven model, including street-level intelligence, to intervene in escalating disputes, and seeks to place youth in appro- priate social programs. Analysis of the program, which is modeled on similar efforts elsewhere, can help inform other efforts to address urban violence. This research is the product of a joint collaboration between the RAND Corporation and Michigan State University. It was supported by Award 2006-IJ-CX-0030 of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, and by the Richard King Mellon Foundation. It should be of interest to policymak- ers, practitioners, communities, and researchers interested in prevent- iii This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. iv Community-Based Violence Prevention ing violence and understanding the dynamics of a violence-prevention initiative. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this monograph are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Justice or of the Richard King Mellon Foundation. This research builds on previous RAND work pertaining to community-based violence-prevention efforts. Those interested may wish to review these publications: • Jeremy M. Wilson, John M. MacDonald, and George E. Tita, “Localized Homicide Patterns and Prevention Strategies: A Com- parison of Five Project Safe Neighborhood Sites,” Victims and Offenders, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2010, pp. 45–63 • George Tita, K. Jack Riley, Greg Ridgeway, Clifford A. Gram- mich, Allan Abrahamse, and Peter W. Greenwood, Reducing Gun Violence: Results from an Intervention in East Los Angeles, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, MR-1764-NIJ, 2003 • Jeremy M. Wilson and Amy G. Cox, Community Policing and Crime: The Process and Impact of Problem-Solving in Oakland, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, TR-635-BPA, 2008 • Jeremy M. Wilson, Amy G. Cox, Tommy L. Smith, Hans Bos, and Terry Fain, Community Policing and Violence Prevention in Oakland: Measure Y in Action, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Cor- poration, TR-546-BPA, 2008 • John MacDonald, Ricky N. Bluthenthal, Daniela Golinelli, Aaron Kofner, Robert J. Stokes, Amber Sehgal, Terry Fain, and Leo Beletsky, Neighborhood Effects on Crime and Youth Violence: The Role of Business Improvement Districts in Los Angeles, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, TR-622-CDC, 2009. The RAND Safety and Justice Program This research was conducted under the auspices of the Safety and Justice Program within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environ- ment (ISE). The mission of RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Envi- ronment is to improve the development, operation, use, and protec- This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Preface v tion of society’s essential physical assets and natural resources and to enhance the related social assets of safety and security of individuals in transit and in their workplaces and communities. Safety and Justice Program research addresses occupational safety, transportation safety, food safety, and public safety—including violence, policing, correc- tions, substance abuse, and public integrity. Questions or comments about this monograph should be sent to the project leader, Jeremy Wilson ([email protected]). Information about the Safety and Justice Program is available online (http://www. rand.org/ise/safety). Inquiries about research projects should be sent to the following address: Greg Ridgeway, Director Safety and Justice Program, ISE RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street Santa Monica, CA 90401-3208 310-393-0411, x7734 [email protected] This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Contents Preface ............................................................................. iii Figures ............................................................................. xi Tables ............................................................................. xiii Summary .......................................................................