DOCSLIB.ORG

F Om Caesa Ea to Athens: G Eek Revival Edinbu Gh and The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
F Om Caesa Ea to Athens: G Eek Revival Edinbu Gh and The !"#$%&'()'"('%*#%+*,(-).%/"((0%1(232'4%563-78"9,%'-6%*,(%:8()*3#-%#;%<=#**3),%>6(-*3*? @3*,3-%*,(%A-3#-3)*%<*'*( +8*,#"B)C.%D#,-%E#@"(? <#8"=(.%F,(%D#8"-'4%#;%*,(%<#=3(*?%#;%+"=,3*(=*8"'4%G3)*#"3'-)H%I#4J%KLH%M#J%N%BD8-JH%NLLOCH%PPJ OQKROST U8743),(6%7?.%<#=3(*?%#;%+"=,3*(=*8"'4%G3)*#"3'-) <*'74(%A1E.%http://www.jstor.org/stable/991701 +==())(6.%NNVLTVNLLW%OO.OX Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=sah. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Society of Architectural Historians is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. http://www.jstor.org From Caesarea to Athens Greek Revival Edinburgh and the Question of Scottish Identity within the Unionist State JOHN LOWREY University of Edinburgh he description of Edinburgh as "The Athens of become so; and joined to the Advocates Library,gives an advan- the North" is one that gained common currency tage which this opulentCity of Londonis hardlyable to exhibit.1 in the early nineteenth century and still proudly graces the city'spromotional and tourist literature.It is the Although the establishmentof a riding academymay seem purposeof this paperto analyzewhat it was that Edinburgh a rathertenuous basis on which to compareEdinburgh with was trying to achieve by presenting itself in this way and Athens, the general thrust of Ramsay'scomments reflects why the Athenianimage was both relevant and important. an awarenessof the enormouschanges that had takenplace Of course, the happy combination of topographyand cul- in the culturallife of the city in the eighteenth century.The tural achievementthat ultimatelyunderpins the accoladeis focus here is on both the intellectual and the gentlemanly well known. The idea that one of the great Europeancen- aspects of education and is part of a general interest in ters of the Enlightenment-the city of David Hume, improvementand the polite arts that was so much part of William Robertson, and Robert Adam-might pursue a Enlightenment Edinburgh.2 claim as a culturalcapital, is perhapsunsurprising. Indeed, Ramsay and Dick were, of course, natives of Edin- the earliest references connecting Edinburgh and Athens burgh, and we might expect them to view their city in a are based mainly on the intellectual distinction of the city. favorablelight. However, Edinburgh enjoyed a very high In January 1762, the Scottish artist Allan Ramsay wrote reputation for its intellectual achievementsin this period, from London to his friend Sir William Dick of Prestonfield perhapsmost famouslycelebrated in the observationby Mr. about recent developmentsin Edinburgh: Amyat, "King's Chemist, a most sensible and agreeable Englishman,"who stated, "Here I Stand at what is called The setting up an Academyfor Ridingis an excellent design. A few the Cross of Edinburgh [i.e., the Mercat Cross], and can, more such institutionswill renderEdinburgh the Athens of Britain; in a few minutes take fifty men of genius and learning by where instead of the awkwardand monkish pedantryof the old- the hand."3More importantly, for the purposes of this fashioned Universities,young gentlemen will be initiatedinto the paper,such accomplishmentsuggested to at least one out- principlesof useful knowledge and at the same time exercised in side observerthat Edinburghand Athens could be appro- allthose liberalaccomplishments which qualifya man to appearin priately linked. In July 1761, Alexander Carlyle wrote to the distinguishedspheres of Life.The new Libraryproposed to be Gilbert Elliot of Minto in London that the Irish writer established by the RoyalCollege of Physiciansmust be likewise a Thomas Sheridan had told him that "Edinburgh is the greatadvantage to the learnedas well as to such as are desirousto Athens of Great Britain, . and we believe him."4 Figure1 HughWilliam Williams, west side of the Parthenon,c.1817 Edinburgh,therefore, was a civilized and progressive also betweenAthens and Stirling,a city that sits in the same city, but its connectionswith Athenswere also basedon the river valley as Edinburgh and also has an acropolis at its fact that, topographically and in its general planning, it core: "... there is a considerablelikeness between Athens remindedreturning grand tourists of Athens. A numberof and Stirling as seen from the SacredWay.... From every authorshave traced this connection back to the same year other point, it bears a strikingresemblance to Edinburgh, as Ramsay'sobservations, to 1762, with the claimthatJames especiallyas seen from the Braidand RavelstonHills" (Fig- Stuartremarked on the similarityin the prefaceto Antiqui- ures 2, 3).9 tiesofAthens.s In fact, there is no mention of Edinburghin Williams is a key figure in the establishmentof Edin- the first edition of Stuartand Revett'sbook,6 and it seems burgh'sAthenian identity and, indeed, is creditedwith coin- fairlyclear that the topographicalconnection was firstmade ing the phrase "The Athens of the North."10Not only did in the early nineteenth century.7There are two important he influencepeople throughhis work,he also reflectedideas sources here. One, dating from 1818, is the Cambridge and developmentsin Edinburghin the crucialdecade of the geologist and antiquarian Edward Daniel Clarke, who 1820s. It has been correctly pointed out that at the time wrote that the relationshipbetween Athens and the Piraeus Edinburghbegan to developits Hellenic pretensions,it had was somewhat similarto that between Edinburghand the little architecturaljustification for doing so.11We now think port of Leith: "Edinburghexhibits a very correct model of of Edinburgh as one of the great neoclassical and Greek a Grecian city and with its Acropolis,Town, and Harbour, Revivalcities, but in 1762, when Ramsaywas writing, the it bearssome resemblanceto Athens and the Piraeus."8 New Town hadyet to be designedand little else of any con- The second source is a remarkableindividual named sequence had been built. Even by 1820, although the New Hugh William Williams, an Edinburghlandscape painter Town was well advancedand growingfast, the majorGreek who undertooka grandtour of Italy and Greece in 1817/18 Revival buildings in the city had yet to be built. One of (Figure 1). On his return he embarkedon a series of proj- Williams'scontributions was to move the debate on from ects over the following ten years that reflectedhis tremen- the general,topographical connections between Edinburgh dous enthusiasm for all things Greek. These included a and Athens to the much more specific and architectural.In two-volume work, Travelsin Italy, Greeceand the Ionian the conclusion to his 1820 book, he wrote: Islands(1820); an exhibitionof watercolorsin Edinburghin 1822, and, as a spin-off from that, a further publication, . the leading persons in this city are still contemplating mag- SelectViews in Greece(1827-1829), all of which earnedhim nificent works, and are ever ready to give the preference to the nickname"Grecian" Williams. superior designs, with the view of giving a classical air to the As a landscapeand topographicalartist, Williams was modern Athens! Is it too much, then, to expect that a facsim- very sensitive to connections between the landscapes of ile, or restoration,of the Temple of Minerva,may yet crown the Scotland and Greece. Like Clarke, he made the general Calton Hillas a monument, to proclaimto distant ages not only connection, in the combination of mountains, plain, sea, the militaryglory, but the pure taste which distinguishes our and acropolis,not only betweenAthens and Edinburgh,but country in the present? Is it too much to expect, that an enlight- GREEK REVIVAL EDINBURGH 137 Figure 2 Hugh WilliamWilliams, Athens from the east, c. 1817 Figure 3 Thomas Shepherd, Edinburghfrom Craigleith,from Thomas Shepherd, Modern Athens... (London,1829) ened patronage may call up genius, kindredto that of ancient east side of the New Town, between the city and the port of times, and may direct our native talents to efforts, similar to Leith (Figure 4). This proposed building and this location those which gave splendour to the Age of Pericles?12 were to prove crucial to the development of the Greek Revival in Edinburgh and in Scotland as a whole. In this, Williams was involving himself in an important Williams's enthusiasm for Greece was shared by many debate in Scotland at this time about the siting and nature of his fellow citizens, and the period between the end of of a new National Monument, which is discussed in more the Napoleonic Wars and the early Victorian period saw a detail below. For the moment, however, the important flourishing of Grecian fashion that found its expression not points are, first, that the modern Athens was to stake its only in the fine Greek Revival architecture that was erected claim in the most direct and obvious way possible, by build- in Edinburgh and other Scottish cities, but in many other ing (or, as Williams says, "restoring") the Parthenon in the aspects of life as well, affecting everything from hairdress- Scottish capital; second, the new Athens was to have a new ing to tea sets.13 In this, there are strong echoes of the acropolis.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Observations on the Intended Reconstruction of the Parthenon on Calton Hill
    Marc Fehlmann A Building from which Derived "All that is Good": Observations on the Intended Reconstruction of the Parthenon on Calton Hill Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide 4, no. 3 (Autumn 2005) Citation: Marc Fehlmann, “A Building from which Derived ‘All that is Good’: Observations on the Intended Reconstruction of the Parthenon on Calton Hill,” Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide 4, no. 3 (Autumn 2005), http://www.19thc-artworldwide.org/autumn05/207-a- building-from-which-derived-qall-that-is-goodq-observations-on-the-intended-reconstruction- of-the-parthenon-on-calton-hill. Published by: Association of Historians of Nineteenth-Century Art Notes: This PDF is provided for reference purposes only and may not contain all the functionality or features of the original, online publication. ©2005 Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide Fehlmann: A Building from which Derived "All that is Good" Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide 4, no. 3 (Autumn 2005) A Building from which Derived "All that is Good": Observations on the Intended Reconstruction of the Parthenon on Calton Hill by Marc Fehlmann When, in 1971, the late Sir Nikolaus Pevsner mentioned the uncompleted National Monument at Edinburgh in his seminal work A History of Building Types, he noticed that it had "acquired a power to move which in its complete state it could not have had."[1] In spite of this "moving" quality, this building has as yet not garnered much attention within a wider scholarly debate. Designed by Charles Robert Cockerell in the 1820's on the summit of Calton Hill to house the mortal remains of those who had fallen in the Napoleonic Wars, it ended as an odd ruin with only part of the stylobate, twelve columns and their architrave at the West end completed in its Craigleith stone (fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Scotland ; Picturesque, Historical, Descriptive
    ITritjr mttr its Rrimtjr. HE sea-port and town of Leith, anciently Inverleith, 1 at the debouch of the Water of Leith stream, which flows through the harbour into the Frith of Forth, is nearly a mile and a half from Edinburgh. The town is a curious motley group of narrow streets, in which are numbers of old tenements, the architecture and interiors of which indicate the affluence of the former possessors. Although a place of considerable antiquity, and mentioned as Inverleith in David I.'s charter of Holyrood, the commercial importance of Leith dates only from the fourteenth century, when the magistrates of Edinburgh obtained a grant of the harbour and mills from King Robert Bruce for the annual payment of fifty-two merks. This appears to have been one of the first of those transactions by which the citizens of Edinburgh acquired the complete mastery over Leith, and they are accused of exercising their power in a most tyrannical manner. So completely, indeed, were the Town-Council of Edinburgh resolved to enslave Leith, that the inhabitants were not allowed to have shops or warehouses, and even inns or hostelries could be arbitrarily prohibited. This power was obtained in a very peculiar maimer. In 1398 and 1413, Sir Robert Logan of Restalrig, then superior of the town, disputed the right of the Edinburgh corporation to the use of the banks of the Water of Leith, and the property was purchased from him at a considerable sum. This avaricious baron afterwards caused an infinitude of trouble to the Town-Council on legal points, but they were resolved to be the absolute rulers of Leith at any cost; and they advanced from their treasury a large sum, for which Logan granted a bond, placing Leith completely at the disposal of the Edinburgh Corporation, and retaining all the before-mentioned restrictions.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Tracing A
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Tracing a Monument: Creating Spaces THESIS Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS In Art History By Danielle Elizabeth Ortiz Thesis Committee Professor Margaret M. Miles Associate Professor Roland Betancourt Associate Professor Andromache Karanika 2019 ©2019 Danielle Elizabeth Ortiz Dedication To Mom and Dad, for your endless support and love ii Table of Contents Page List of Figures iv Acknowledgements v Abstract of Thesis vi Introduction 1 Background 2 The Interpretation of the Frieze 3 Confronting the Lysikrates Monument 5 Memorials in Scotland 8 The Monument in Religious Context: Scotland 10 The Lysikrates Monument in England 11 An English Attraction 13 The Monument in Religious Context: England 14 The Lysikrates Monument in America 15 An Altered Form 17 Memorials in America 19 A Miniature Monument 21 Greek Revival 22 Uses of Greek Revival in the United States 23 The Vandalized Monument 24 The Persistence of the Form of the Lysikrates Monument 25 Conclusion 26 Images 27 Bibliography 32 iii List of Figures Page Figure 1 Lysikrates Monument in Athens, Greece 27 Figure 2 Stuart and Revett, Monument of Lysikrates, engraving 27 Figure 3 Stuart and Revett, Frieze of Lysikrates Monument, engraving 27 Figure 4 Dugald Stewart Monument, Calton Hill, Scotland 28 Figure 5 Robert Burns Monument, Calton Hill, Scotland 28 Figure 6 North Kirk Tower, Aberdeen, Scotland 28 Figure 7 St. Giles Church, Elgin, Scotland 28 Figure 8 Lysikrates Replica at the Gardens of Shugborough, Staffordshire, 29 England Figure 9 Charles Talbot (Alton Towers) Monument, Staffordshire, England 29 Figure 10 St.
    [Show full text]
  • New Nelson Monument Exhibition Charts 'Edinburgh's Forgotten
    Website │ Twitter │ Instagram FREE TO USE IMAGES AVAILABLE HERE Press release for immediate use New Nelson Monument exhibition charts ‘Edinburgh’s Forgotten Astronomer’ Charles Piazzi Smyth’s place in the city’s history Alastair Bruce, Royal Observatory astronomer and actor, as Charles Piazzi Smyth. Photo (c) Ian Georgeson Charles Piazzi Smyth Exhibition, Nelson Monument, 1st April, Free Exhibition Entry (£6 to climb the tower) A fascinating free new exhibition – part of a year-long series of events - opens in Edinburgh aiming to establish Charles Piazzi Smyth’s place in Edinburgh’s history. The exhibition, housed in Edinburgh’s iconic Nelson Monument, presents Piazzi Smyth’s photography, paintings and drawings, alongside a newly commissioned short film and interviews in what will be the first major exhibition in Edinburgh dedicated to the forgotten astronomer. The location of the exhibition itself carries strong significance as in 1852 Piazzi Smyth started the Time Ball service which involved hoisting a large ball from the top of Nelson Monument which would drop at exactly one o’clock every day as a as a time signal to ships docked in Leith harbour. In 1861 Piazzi Smyth added an audible element and set up the One O’ Clock Gun service from Edinburgh Castle, stretching a cable all the way from Calton Hill to another clock on Castle Rock, which fired the Gun. The cable is no longer in place but both the Time Ball on Nelson Monument and the One O’ Clock Gun still remain active today, providing a daily reminder of Piazzi Smyth’s legacy to the city.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cockburn Association Edinburgh and East Lothian
    THE COCKBURN ASSOCIATION EDINBURGH AND EAST LOTHIAN DOORSDAYS OPEN SAT 29 & SUN 30 SEPTEMBER 2018 Cover image: Barnton Quarry ROTOR Bunker. EDINBURGH DOORS OPEN DAY 2018 SAT 29 & SUN 30 SEPTEMBER SUPPORT THE COCKBURN ASSOCIATION AND EDINBURGH DOORS OPEN DAY Your support enables us to organise city WHO ARE WE? wide free events such as Doors Open Day, The Cockburn Association (The Edinburgh bringing together Edinburgh’s communities Civic Trust) is an independent charity which in a celebration of our unique heritage. relies on the support of its members to protect All members of the Association receive and enhance the amenity of Edinburgh. We an advance copy of the Doors Open Day have been working since 1875 to improve programme and invitations throughout the built and natural environment of the city the year to lectures, talks and events. – for residents, visitors and workers alike. If you enjoy Doors Open Days please We campaign to prevent inappropriate consider making a donation to support our development in the City and to preserve project www.cockburnassociation.org.uk/ the Green Belt, to promote sustainable donate development, restoration and high quality modern architecture. We are always happy If you are interested in joining the Association, visit us online at www.cockburnassociation. to advise our members on issues relating org.uk or feel free to call or drop in to our to planning. offices at Trunk’s Close. THE COCKBURN ASSOCIATION The Cockburn Association (The Edinburgh Civic Trust) For Everyone Who Loves Edinburgh is a registered Scottish charity, No: SC011544 TALKS & TOURS 2018 P3 ADMISSION BALERNO P10 TO BUILDINGS BLACKFORD P10 Admission to all buildings is FREE.
    [Show full text]
  • Founding Fellows
    Founding Members of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Alexander Abercromby, Lord Abercromby William Alexander John Amyatt James Anderson John Anderson Thomas Anderson Archibald Arthur William Macleod Bannatyne, formerly Macleod, Lord Bannatyne William Barron (or Baron) James Beattie Giovanni Battista Beccaria Benjamin Bell of Hunthill Joseph Black Hugh Blair James Hunter Blair (until 1777, Hunter), Robert Blair, Lord Avontoun Gilbert Blane of Blanefield Auguste Denis Fougeroux de Bondaroy Ebenezer Brownrigg John Bruce of Grangehill and Falkland Robert Bruce of Kennet, Lord Kennet Patrick Brydone James Byres of Tonley George Campbell John Fletcher- Campbell (until 1779 Fletcher) John Campbell of Stonefield, Lord Stonefield Ilay Campbell, Lord Succoth Petrus Camper Giovanni Battista Carburi Alexander Carlyle John Chalmers William Chalmers John Clerk of Eldin John Clerk of Pennycuik John Cook of Newburn Patrick Copland William Craig, Lord Craig Lorentz Florenz Frederick Von Crell Andrew Crosbie of Holm Henry Cullen William Cullen Robert Cullen, Lord Cullen Alexander Cumming Patrick Cumming (Cumin) John Dalrymple of Cousland and Cranstoun, or Dalrymple Hamilton MacGill Andrew Dalzel (Dalziel) John Davidson of Stewartfield and Haltree Alexander Dick of Prestonfield Alexander Donaldson James Dunbar Andrew Duncan Robert Dundas of Arniston Robert Dundas, Lord Arniston Henry Dundas, Viscount Melville James Edgar James Edmonstone of Newton David Erskine Adam Ferguson James Ferguson of Pitfour Adam Fergusson of Kilkerran George Fergusson, Lord Hermand
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Burns, John Moore, and the Limits of Writing Letters Henry L
    Studies in Scottish Literature Volume 35 | Issue 1 Article 41 2007 Robert Burns, John Moore, and the Limits of Writing Letters Henry L. Fulton Central Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/ssl Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Fulton, Henry L. (2007) "Robert Burns, John Moore, and the Limits of Writing Letters," Studies in Scottish Literature: Vol. 35: Iss. 1, 526–550. Available at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/ssl/vol35/iss1/41 This Article is brought to you by the Scottish Literature Collections at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Studies in Scottish Literature by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Henry L. Fulton Robert Bums, John Moore, and the Limits of Writing Letters The epistolary relationship between Robert Burns and the Scottish sur­ geon-turned-author, John Moore (1729-1802), began with another epistolary connection initiated with the poetry by Moore's friend of many years, Frances Dunlop (1730-1815). At the time Mrs. Dunlop began to correspond with Burns, she was living only fifteen miles away. Moore was living in London. It is well known that after the death of her elderly husband in 1785, Fran­ ces Dunlop fell ill with grief and depression, augmented by other family prob­ lems. One of her visitors the following year, bringing welcome comfort, was Moore's son Graham, a commander in the Royal Navy, posted in the Irish Sea. Late in 1786 someone placed in her hands the Kilmarnock edition of Burns's poems, published that summer.
    [Show full text]
  • Edinburgh Friends 2011
    THE UNIVERSITYof EDINBURGH CAMPAIGN Edinburgh FriendsDECEMBER 2011 Connecting the dots How the University is helping to build the future of science and engineering INSIDE Edinburgh’s hidden gem: St Cecilia’s Hall How bursaries make a difference The University of Edinburgh Campaign supporters YOUR OPINION MATTERS contents We would love to hear what you Cover feature: How the think of the magazine. University’s investment in Please get in touch science and engineering is with Brian Campbell to helping to prepare us for the share your views challenges of tomorrow e: brian1. campbell@ page 18 ed.ac.uk 04 : 2011 HIGHLIGHTS 06 18 A round-up of some of this year’s Sign up for news and developments our monthly e-newsletter 06 : OUR SUPPORTERS to receive At a glance – where our regular supporters come from updates 10 26 on the 08 : WHY I GIVE University of Morag McIntyre explains why she and her husband 32 : BURSARIES Edinburgh funded a living memorial to their son Craig How an access bursary made a difference Campaign. to Colin Maclachlan Subscribe 10 : MEDICINE online at A look at some of the University’s latest projects 34 : LEGACIES www. in medical research Why David McCorquodale has pledged a legacy edinburgh 16 : OLD COLLEGE to the University campaign. The Old College quadrangle has been unveiled, ed.ac.uk 36 : CAMPAIGN SUPPORTERS revealing a beautiful addition to the building Recognition of the generous support from our friends and alumni 18 : COVER FEATURE How the University is investing in the future of science and engineering If you require this document in an alternative 26 : SPECIAL COLLECTIONS format, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by eScholarship - University of California UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Tracing a Monument: Creating Spaces Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9284f6sj Author Ortiz, Danielle Publication Date 2019 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Tracing a Monument: Creating Spaces THESIS Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS In Art History By Danielle Elizabeth Ortiz Thesis Committee Professor Margaret M. Miles Associate Professor Roland Betancourt Associate Professor Andromache Karanika 2019 ©2019 Danielle Elizabeth Ortiz Dedication To Mom and Dad, for your endless support and love ii Table of Contents Page List of Figures iv Acknowledgements v Abstract of Thesis vi Introduction 1 Background 2 The Interpretation of the Frieze 3 Confronting the Lysikrates Monument 5 Memorials in Scotland 8 The Monument in Religious Context: Scotland 10 The Lysikrates Monument in England 11 An English Attraction 13 The Monument in Religious Context: England 14 The Lysikrates Monument in America 15 An Altered Form 17 Memorials in America 19 A Miniature Monument 21 Greek Revival 22 Uses of Greek Revival in the United States 23 The Vandalized Monument 24 The Persistence of the Form of the Lysikrates Monument 25 Conclusion 26 Images 27 Bibliography 32 iii List of Figures Page Figure 1 Lysikrates Monument in Athens, Greece 27 Figure 2 Stuart and Revett, Monument of Lysikrates, engraving 27 Figure 3 Stuart and Revett, Frieze of Lysikrates Monument, engraving 27 Figure 4 Dugald Stewart Monument, Calton Hill, Scotland 28 Figure 5 Robert Burns Monument, Calton Hill, Scotland 28 Figure 6 North Kirk Tower, Aberdeen, Scotland 28 Figure 7 St.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymn of the Day (July 2021)
    The Saviour died, but rose again Scottish Paraphrases (1781) Public Domain Tune: ST ANDREW: William Tans’ur (1706-83). Public Domain The Saviour died, but rose again Triumphant from the grave; And pleads our cause at God’s right hand, Omnipotent to save. Who then can e’er divide us more From Jesus and His love, Or break the sacred chain that binds The earth to Heaven above? Let troubles rise, and terrors frown, And days of darkness fall; Through Him all dangers we’ll defy, And more than conquer all. Nor death, nor life, nor earth, nor hell, Nor time’s destroying sway Can e’er efface us from His heart, Or make His love decay. Each future period that will bless, At it has blessed the past; He loved us from the first of time, He loves us to the last. Paraphrase 48:5-9, based on Romans 8:34-39 Edited version by John Logan, 1748-1788 As published in Translations and Paraphrases, in verse, of several passages of Sacred Scripture, 1781. Reflection: Graham Deans A splendid paraphrase of ‘a splendid passage of Scripture’1 ‘which in itself reads almost like a triumphant celebratory hymn,’2 is set to a splendid tune – but the text took its final form at the hands of a not-so-splendid Editor, who was never far away from controversy. The original author of this magnificent Easter hymn (first published in 1745), based on Romans 8:34-39 remains unknown; but its final version, which is still in current use, is almost certainly the work of John Logan, minister of the Second Charge of South Leith Parish Church (1773-1786).
    [Show full text]
  • Churches, City and National Identity in Mid-19Th Century Edinburgh
    Angles New Perspectives on the Anglophone World 11 | 2020 Are You Game? Churches, City and National Identity in Mid-19th Century Edinburgh Clarisse Godard Desmarest Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/angles/2302 DOI: 10.4000/angles.2302 ISSN: 2274-2042 Publisher Société des Anglicistes de l'Enseignement Supérieur Electronic reference Clarisse Godard Desmarest, « Churches, City and National Identity in Mid-19th Century Edinburgh », Angles [Online], 11 | 2020, Online since 01 November 2020, connection on 13 November 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/angles/2302 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/angles.2302 This text was automatically generated on 13 November 2020. Angles est mise à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. Churches, City and National Identity in Mid-19th Century Edinburgh 1 Churches, City and National Identity in Mid-19th Century Edinburgh Clarisse Godard Desmarest Introduction As the days lengthen towards the close of May, and the foliage grows thicker in the Princes-street and Queen-street gardens, an unusual influx of black coats and white neckcloths announces the season of the annual meeting of the Scottish Convocation, the Supreme legislative and judicial court of the Kirk, the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. The ecclesiastics of Scotland have chosen for their meeting […] twelve days divided between the latest of May and the earliest of June [ …] the streets swarm with clergymen of every possible diversity of appearance, and from every corner of Scotland […] not only does the General Assembly of the Kirk meet at this time, but also that of the “Free Church,” which has closely copied the organization of the national establishment: there are more clergymen, for the time, in Edinburgh than there are priests in Rome.
    [Show full text]
  • Genius, Men, and Manners: Burns and Eighteenth-Century Scottish Criticism1
    Young, R. (2008) Genius, men and manners: Burns and eighteenth-century Scottish criticism. Scottish Studies Review, 9(2). pp. 129-147. Copyright © 2008 The Author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge Content must not be changed in any way or reproduced in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder(s) When referring to this work, full bibliographic details must be given http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/45549 Deposited on: 10 March 2015 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk 1 Genius, Men, and Manners: Burns and Eighteenth-Century Scottish Criticism1 There is a temptation to view the initial reviews of Burns following the publication of Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect as a damaging blend of myth-building and moralising, or the application of inappropriate aesthetic principles by an aloof and Anglocentric literati who were simply out of tune with Burns and his work. Nowhere perhaps is the critics’ failure to respond adequately to Burns more evident than in the near universal proclamation of his ‘genius’ following the publication of the Kilmarnock poems in 1786. For rather than being the figure of the untaught rustic bard promoted by the majority of reviewers of Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect and encapsulated in Henry Mackenzie’s famous phrase ‘Heaven-taught ploughman’, Burns was a tenant farmer who had already revealed himself to be considerably well read, showing, for example, an acquaintance with writers as diverse as John Locke, Joseph Addison, Robert Boyle, James Thomson, Laurence Sterne, William Shenstone, Ossian and the author of The Man of Feeling himself, to name but a few.2 Yet, while such details may indicate the inadequacies of the formulation of genius employed by Mackenzie and cohorts, to hastily dismiss this formulation as critical quackery is to do something of a disservice to the Scottish critical tradition in the late eighteenth century.
    [Show full text]