Life of Pie: William Playfair and the Impact of the Visual
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Mathematics Is a Gentleman's Art: Analysis and Synthesis in American College Geometry Teaching, 1790-1840 Amy K
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2000 Mathematics is a gentleman's art: Analysis and synthesis in American college geometry teaching, 1790-1840 Amy K. Ackerberg-Hastings Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Higher Education and Teaching Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, and the Science and Mathematics Education Commons Recommended Citation Ackerberg-Hastings, Amy K., "Mathematics is a gentleman's art: Analysis and synthesis in American college geometry teaching, 1790-1840 " (2000). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 12669. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/12669 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margwis, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. in the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Wu Washington 0250E 15755.Pdf (3.086Mb)
© Copyright 2016 Sang Wu Contributions to Physics-Based Aeroservoelastic Uncertainty Analysis Sang Wu A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2016 Reading Committee: Eli Livne, Chair Mehran Mesbahi Dorothy Reed Frode Engelsen Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Aeronautics and Astronautics University of Washington Abstract Contributions to Physics-Based Aeroservoelastic Uncertainty Analysis Sang Wu Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Eli Livne The William E. Boeing Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics The thesis presents the development of a new fully-integrated, MATLAB based simulation capability for aeroservoelastic (ASE) uncertainty analysis that accounts for uncertainties in all disciplines as well as discipline interactions. This new capability allows probabilistic studies of complex configuration at a scope and with depth not known before. Several statistical tools and methods have been integrated into the capability to guide the tasks such as parameter prioritization, uncertainty reduction, and risk mitigation. The first task of the thesis focuses on aeroservoelastic uncertainty assessment considering control component uncertainty. The simulation has shown that attention has to be paid, if notch filters are used in the aeroservoelastic loop, to the variability and uncertainties of the aircraft involved. The second task introduces two innovative methodologies to characterize the unsteady aerodynamic uncertainty. One is a physically based aerodynamic influence coefficients element by element correction uncertainty scheme and the other is an alternative approach focusing on rational function approximation matrix uncertainties to evaluate the relative impact of uncertainty in aerodynamic stiffness, damping, inertia, or lag terms. Finally, the capability has been applied to obtain the gust load response statistics accounting for uncertainties in both aircraft and gust profiles. -
John Playfair (1748-1819)
EARLY DISCOVERERS XV A FORGOTTEN PIONEER OF THE GLACIAL THEORY JOHN PLAYFAIR (1748-1819) By LoUIs SEYLAZ (Lausanne) IT is surprising that the first idea of a glacial epoch during which the Alpine glaciers spread over the centre of Europe was put forward by a man who had not been outside Great Britain and had never seen either the Alps or a glacier. The son of a Scottish clergyman, John Playfair began his career by studying theology; but he later developed an overwhelming interest in science. In 1785 he became Professor of Mathematics in the University of Edinburgh, and in 1805 he gave up his chair of Mathe matics for that of Natural Philosophy. After the death of the celebrated geologist James Hutton, Playfair, who had been his pupil and later became his colleague at the University of Edinburgh, was given the task of making known Hutton's ideas, and this he did in Illustrations of the Huttonian theory, Edinburgh, 1802, a work which brought him great fame in the world of learned men and which is still considered to be the basis of modern geology. But while the exposition of Hutton's theories only takes up 140 pages of the book, Playfair devotes 388 pages of notes to the completion and the explanation of those theories. In 1779 Volume 1 of Voyages dans les Alpes, by Horace-Benedict de Saussure, had appeared at Neuchatel. In it the author makes a study of the geological terrain around Geneva. After pointing out the fact that the whole country, not only the banks of the Lake of Geneva but also the slopes of the Saleve and the sides of the Jura which face the Alps, are scattered with fragments of rocks, he states that "the majority of these stones are of granite .. -
Oxford DNB Article: Playfair, William
Oxford DNB article: Playfair, William http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/22370 Playfair, William (1759-1823), inventor of statistical graphs and writer on political economy by Ian Spence © Oxford University Press 2004 All rights reserved Playfair, William (1759-1823), inventor of statistical graphs and writer on political economy, was born on 22 September 1759 at the manse, Liff, near Dundee, the fifth of eight children of the Revd James Playfair (1712–1772), of the parish of Liff and Benvie, and Margaret Young (1719/20–1805). Much of his early education was the responsibility of his brother John Playfair (1748-1819), who was later to become professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at Edinburgh University. William married Mary Morris, probably in 1779, and they had two sons and three daughters between 1780 and 1792. In 1786 and 1801, Playfair invented three fundamental forms of statistical graph—the time-series line graph, the bar chart, and the pie chart—and he did so without significant precursors. Hence he is the creator of all the basic styles of graph with the exception of the scatterplot, which did not appear until the end of the nineteenth century. A few examples of line graphs precede Playfair, but these are mostly representations of theoretical functions with data superimposed and are conspicuous by their isolation. His contributions to the development of statistical graphics remain his life's signal accomplishment. Although this work was received with indifference, he rightly never faltered in his conviction that he had found the best way to display empirical data. In the two centuries since, there has been no appreciable improvement on his designs. -
Milestones in the History of Data Visualization
Milestones in the History of Data Outline Visualization • Introduction A case study in statistical historiography – Milestones Project: overview {flea bites man, bites flea, bites man}-wise – Background Michael Friendly, York University – Data and Stories CARME 2003 • Milestones tour • Problems of statistical historiography – What counts as a milestone? – What is “data” – How to visualize? Milestones: Project Goals Milestones: Conceptual Overview • Comprehensive catalog of historical • Roots of Data Visualization developments in all fields related to data – Cartography: map-making, geo-measurement visualization. thematic cartography, GIS, geo-visualization – Statistics: probability theory, distributions, • o Collect representative bibliography, estimation, models, stat-graphics, stat-vis images, cross-references, web links, etc. – Data: population, economic, social, moral, • o Enable researchers to find/study medical, … themes, antecedents, influences, patterns, – Visual thinking: geometry, functions, mechanical diagrams, EDA, … trends, etc. – Technology: printing, lithography, • Web: http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/milestone/ computing… Milestones: Content Overview Background: Les Albums Every picture has a story – Rod Stewart c. 550 BC: The first world map? (Anaximander of Miletus) • Album de 1669: First graph of a continuous distribution function Statistique (Gaunt's life table)– Christiaan Huygens. Graphique, 1879-99 1801: Pie chart, circle graph - • Les Chevaliers des William Playfair 1782: First topographical map- Albums M. -
Analysing Census at School Data
Analysing Census At School Data www.censusatschool.ie Project Maths Development Team 2015 Page 1 of 7 Excel for Analysing Census At School Data Having retrieved a class’s data using CensusAtSchool: 1. Save the downloaded class data which is a .csv file as an .xls file. 2. Delete any unwanted variables such as the teacher name, date stamp etc. 3. Freeze the top row so that one can scroll down to view all of the data while the top row remains in view. 4. Select certain columns (not necessarily contiguous) for use as a class worksheet. Aim to have a selection of categorical data (nominal and ordered) and numerical data (discrete and continuous) unless one requires one type exclusively. The number of columns will depend on the class as too much data might be intimidating for less experienced classes. Students will need to have the questionnaire to hand to identify the question which produced the data. 5. Make a new worksheet within the workbook of downloaded data using the selected columns. 6. Name the worksheet i.e. “data for year 2 2014” or “data for margin of error investigation”. 7. Format the data to show all borders (useful if one is going to make a selection of the data and put it into Word). 8. Order selected columns of this data perhaps (and use expand selection) so that rogue data such as 0 for height etc. can be eliminated. It is perhaps useful for students to see this. (Use Sort & Filter.) 9. Use a filter on data, for example based on gender, to generate further worksheets for future use 10. -
A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach to the Reliability Modeling of the Beam Permit System of Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (Rhic) at Bnl* P
Proceedings of ICALEPCS2013, San Francisco, CA, USA MOPPC075 A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION APPROACH TO THE RELIABILITY MODELING OF THE BEAM PERMIT SYSTEM OF RELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLIDER (RHIC) AT BNL* P. Chitnis#, T.G. Robertazzi, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, U.S.A. K.A. Brown, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, U.S.A. Abstract called the Permit Carrier Link, Blue Carrier Link and The RHIC Beam Permit System (BPS) monitors the Yellow Carrier link. These links carry 10 MHz signals health of RHIC subsystems and takes active decisions whose presence allows the beam in the ring. Support regarding beam-abort and magnet power dump, upon a systems report their status to BPS through “Input subsystem fault. The reliability of BPS directly impacts triggers” called Permit Inputs (PI) and Quench Inputs the RHIC downtime, and hence its availability. This work (QI). If any support system PI fails, the permit carrier assesses the probability of BPS failures that could lead to terminates, initiating a beam dump. If QI fails, then the substantial downtime. A fail-safe condition imparts blue and yellow carriers also terminate, initiating magnet downtime to restart the machine, while a failure to power dump in blue and yellow ring magnets. The carrier respond to an actual fault can cause potential machine failure propagates around the ring to inform other PMs damage and impose significant downtime. This paper about the occurrence of a fault. illustrates a modular multistate reliability model of the Other than PMs, BPS also has 4 Abort Kicker Modules BPS, with modules having exponential lifetime (AKM) that see the permit carrier failure and send the distributions. -
2 3 Practice Problems.Pdf
Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The following frequency distribution presents the frequency of passenger vehicles that 1) pass through a certain intersection from 8:00 AM to 9:00 AM on a particular day. Vehicle Type Frequency Motorcycle 5 Sedan 95 SUV 65 Truck 30 Construct a frequency bar graph for the data. A) B) 1 C) D) 2) The following bar graph presents the average amount a certain family spent, in dollars, on 2) various food categories in a recent year. On which food category was the most money spent? A) Dairy products B) Cereals and baked goods C) Fruits and vegetables D) Meat poultry, fish, eggs 3) The following frequency distribution presents the frequency of passenger vehicles that 3) pass through a certain intersection from 8:00 AM to 9:00 AM on a particular day. Vehicle Type Frequency Motorcycle 9 Sedan 54 SUV 27 2 Truck 53 Construct a relative frequency bar graph for the data. A) B) C) D) 3 4) The following frequency distribution presents the frequency of passenger vehicles that 4) pass through a certain intersection from 8:00 AM to 9:00 AM on a particular day. Vehicle Type Frequency Motorcycle 9 Sedan 20 SUV 25 Truck 39 Construct a pie chart for the data. A) B) C) D) 5) The following pie chart presents the percentages of fish caught in each of four ratings 5) categories. Match this pie chart with its corresponding Parato chart. 4 A) B) C) 5 D) SHORT ANSWER. -
Mary Somerville's Vision of Science
Mary Somerville’s vision of science James Secord Citation: Physics Today 71, 1, 46 (2018); doi: 10.1063/PT.3.3817 View online: https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.3817 View Table of Contents: https://physicstoday.scitation.org/toc/pto/71/1 Published by the American Institute of Physics ARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN Earth’s skin is an interdisciplinary laboratory Physics Today 71, 22 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.3813 Crystal growth in ice and snow Physics Today 71, 34 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.3844 Commentary: Thinking differently about science and religion Physics Today 71, 10 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.3831 Gender matters Physics Today 71, 40 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.3870 Discovering Earth’s radiation belts Physics Today 70, 46 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.3791 The relentless pursuit of hypersonic flight Physics Today 70, 30 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.3762 MARY SOMERVILLE (1780–1872), mathematician and writer. Portait by Thomas Phillips (1834). James Secord is a professor of the history and philosophy of science at the University of Cambridge in the UK. This article is adapted from his book, Visions of Science: Books and Readers at the Dawn of the Victorian Age (2014). Mary Somerville’s vision of science James Secord The Scottish mathematician and writer shaped the way we think about science and carved a place for herself in the intellectual world of the 19th century. n 1834 mathematician and author Mary Somerville published On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences, a work that was instrumental in the making of modern physics as a discipline. -
An Investigation Into the Graphic Innovations of Geologist Henry T
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2003 Uncovering strata: an investigation into the graphic innovations of geologist Henry T. De la Beche Renee M. Clary Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Clary, Renee M., "Uncovering strata: an investigation into the graphic innovations of geologist Henry T. De la Beche" (2003). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 127. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/127 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. UNCOVERING STRATA: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE GRAPHIC INNOVATIONS OF GEOLOGIST HENRY T. DE LA BECHE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Curriculum and Instruction by Renee M. Clary B.S., University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1983 M.S., University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1997 M.Ed., University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1998 May 2003 Copyright 2003 Renee M. Clary All rights reserved ii Acknowledgments Photographs of the archived documents held in the National Museum of Wales are provided by the museum, and are reproduced with permission. I send a sincere thank you to Mr. Tom Sharpe, Curator, who offered his time and assistance during the research trip to Wales. -
Communion Tokens of the Established Church of Scotland -Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries
V. COMMUNION TOKENS OF THE ESTABLISHED CHURCH OF SCOTLAND -SIXTEENTH, SEVENTEENTH, AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES. BY ALEXANDER J. S. BROOK, F.S.A. SCOT. o morn Ther s e familiawa e r objec Scotlann i t d fro e Reformatiomth n down to half a century ago than the Communion token, but its origin cannot be attributed to Scotland, nor was it a post-Reformation institution. e antiquitTh d universalitan y e toke th e unquestionable f ar no y . From very early times it is probable that a token, or something akin uses aln wa di l , toath-bounoit d secret societies. They will be found to have been used by the Greeks and Romans, whose tesserae were freely utilise r identifyinfo d gbeed ha thos no ewh initiated inte Eleusiniath o d othean n r kindred mysteries n thii d s an , s easilwa yy mannepavewa r thei e fo dth rr introduction e intth o Christian Church, where they wer e purposeth use r f excludinfo do e g the uninitiated and preventing the entrance of spies into the religious gatherings which were onl yselece opeth o tnt few. Afte persecutioe th r n cease whicho dt measurea n e i ,b y , ma thei e us r attributed, they would naturally continu e use b o distinguist do t e h between those who had a right to be present at meetings and those who had not. Tokens are unquestionably an old Catholic tradition, and their use Churce on t confiner countryy o no h an s o t wa d. -
Observations on the Intended Reconstruction of the Parthenon on Calton Hill
Marc Fehlmann A Building from which Derived "All that is Good": Observations on the Intended Reconstruction of the Parthenon on Calton Hill Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide 4, no. 3 (Autumn 2005) Citation: Marc Fehlmann, “A Building from which Derived ‘All that is Good’: Observations on the Intended Reconstruction of the Parthenon on Calton Hill,” Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide 4, no. 3 (Autumn 2005), http://www.19thc-artworldwide.org/autumn05/207-a- building-from-which-derived-qall-that-is-goodq-observations-on-the-intended-reconstruction- of-the-parthenon-on-calton-hill. Published by: Association of Historians of Nineteenth-Century Art Notes: This PDF is provided for reference purposes only and may not contain all the functionality or features of the original, online publication. ©2005 Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide Fehlmann: A Building from which Derived "All that is Good" Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide 4, no. 3 (Autumn 2005) A Building from which Derived "All that is Good": Observations on the Intended Reconstruction of the Parthenon on Calton Hill by Marc Fehlmann When, in 1971, the late Sir Nikolaus Pevsner mentioned the uncompleted National Monument at Edinburgh in his seminal work A History of Building Types, he noticed that it had "acquired a power to move which in its complete state it could not have had."[1] In spite of this "moving" quality, this building has as yet not garnered much attention within a wider scholarly debate. Designed by Charles Robert Cockerell in the 1820's on the summit of Calton Hill to house the mortal remains of those who had fallen in the Napoleonic Wars, it ended as an odd ruin with only part of the stylobate, twelve columns and their architrave at the West end completed in its Craigleith stone (fig.