Copyright treaty not discussedbyWIPO Copyright treaty not C were highformanyplayers. between WIPOmeetings,the stakes UN agency. a fulldiplomaticconferenceofthis property hadneverbeendiscussedat redistributing thatintellectual the actualorpotentialmeansof videocassettes andsoon)aswell tual property(software,CDs, last December, muchoftheintellec- WIPO metinGeneva,Switzerland, Internet asweknowittoday. still alongwayfromevolvingintothe still whole,andtheARPAnet was Rising Sun and reproductionofhiswork, widespread electronicdistribution publisher werelosingmuchsleepover for nonfictionthatyear, norhis Toland, whowonthePulitzerPrize staple—had yettomaterialize. settes—as ahomeentertainment videocassette form.Infact,videocas- theaters, muchlessmaterializein trilogy hadyettodebutinmovie gathered—in 1971—the Property Organization(WIPO) United Nation’s World Intellectual The lasttimerepresentativestothe B his StateoftheUnionAddress. his supportofthenewinitiativein Council (NSTC).Clintonrepeated National ScienceandTechnology gram, anewinitiativeofthe Generation Internet(NGI)pro- president announcedtheNext- and engineering. LastOctoberthe budget yearforcomputerscience this wouldseemtobeapromising rhetoric. even reflectsthepresident’s political Some questionwhetherthebudget nation’s futureeconomichealth. the importanceofR&Dto still askwhetherthebudgetreflects such endorsement,manyobservers seem ungracioustocarpinthefaceof R&D portfolio.Althoughitmay importance withinthegovernment’s which indicatesitssteadyrisein received ahigherthanaverageshare, proposed, computingresearch the modestincrementsinfunding computing researchcommunity. Of contained amixed messageforthe has beenthecaseinrecentyears,it request wasreleasedFebruary 6.As President Clinton’s fiscal1998budget Staff CRA B Budget messagemixedfor March 1997 Y Y xadn h ieie...... 2 ...... Pipeline the Expanding soito es...... 3 ...... News Association Louise Arnheim FredW. Weingarten ahntnUdt ...... 4 ...... Update Washington And giventhe25-yearinterval So, whendelegatestothe1996 Back thentheBellSystemwas And in1971,neitherJohn In termsofpoliticalrhetoric, . OMPUTING Star Wars Vol. 9/No. 2 9/No. Vol. Inside CRN The the scientificresearchcommunity and incensed manyparties—library groups, proposal, amatterwhichfurther the opportunitytoconsider comment. ButCongressdidnothave circulated adraftproposalforpublic US Patent andTrademark Officehad scientific research. able anxietyregardingthefutureof of certainsportsstatisticstoconsider- alarm overthepossibleunavailability sible. Concernrangedfrommild domain wouldnolongerbeacces- nowinthepublic that basic“facts” Parties contestingthetreatyargued selection orcompilationofdata.) exerted acreativeefforteitherinthe databases wheretheownerhas right protectionisextended onlyto of theirmaterial.(Currently, copy- to control“utilizationandextraction” have givendatabaseownerstheright Rights inRespectofDatabases. was theTreaty onIntellectualProperty most controversyintheUnitedStates three proposals,theonegenerating ings andothercreativeworks.Ofthe electronic databases,soundrecord- treaty proposalscoveringbooks, United States,consideredthree from 160countries,includingthe is creatingnewchallengesfor particular theinformationrevolution, that technologicalchange,in libraries. nication servicestoschoolsand counted orinsomecasefreecommu- Commission todirectdeeplydis- get theFederal Communications There wasamajorpushlastyearto particularly theWorld Wide Web. information technology(IT), the benefitstoeducationofaccess tration hasforalongtimeextolled discussion ofeducation.Theadminis- the Internethaveloomedlargeinany least inWashington, computersand themes oftheadministration.And,at technology havebecomemajor R ale uvy...... 5-9 ...... Survey Taulbee CRA rfsinlOpruiis...... 10-12 ...... Opportunities Professional T2 C5 N0 A4 M3 I9 C2 T n o d a r e o i f A fewmonthsbeforeWIPO, the Approval ofthetreatywould From December2-20,delegates The administrationalsoargued Also, educationandeducational o c o t v t m b a r . s . a o , l l s p & n e e R - u C c D l C e t 1 o e I e i S c b o . s d r . E o m c C & S I i t p n i m I F c c S C l f i i s u o u n e E o . n n a n & m P d . r t P i y I R f i p r n i n o r c R u A e t o g c e t s c C e a g l . t l s t o i i r i g v I s o a m n i e i t n m f n i n p r e g a R t u s s F S t S e The News Journal of the Computing Research Association Research Computing the of Journal News The i t n r u s y y u g . s s n c . ESEARCH . d . i n g opposed thetreaty. nongovernment organizations that meeting onbehalfoftwo attended the “and itdidn’t happen.”Eisgrau the electronicdatabasetreaty, hesaid, world putitsfootdown” withregardto clear messagetotreatysponsors.“The discussion ofthetreaty, thussendinga member nationsdeliberatelyavoided differently. According toEisgrau, Association, viewedtheoutcome tive counselfortheAmericanLibrary Industry Association. ment relationsfortheInformation Duncan, vicepresidentofgovern- wasn’t evenconsidered,”saidDan of discussionessentiallyadefeat? discuss thetreaty?Was theabsence developing suchatreaty. decide onaworkschedulefor Bodies” beconvenedinearly1997to the competentWIPOGoverning ing that“anextraordinary sessionof nations didpassaresolutionsuggest- was neverdiscussed.Butmember sial treaty, althoughontheagenda, already opposedthetreaty. legal scholars,amongothers—that Until fiscal1996,NSFfundingfor NSF sense intermsofthegoals? distribution ofthesefundsmakes less offundinglevels,doesthe funding isappropriate.Andregard- and Communications(HPCC) in High-Performance Computing priorities, the$100millionincrease whether, inthefaceofthose two ful toolforeducation. research, aswillmakingITapower- Internet willrequiresubstantial faster, morereliableandcapable better existing technology. To builda one ofimplementingordeploying educational technologyisnotsimply tional value. with ITinandofitselfiseduca- across manydisciplines,experience from servingasaneducationaltool adult jobtrainingandliteracy. Aside education atalllevels,including ( i A n The factthatWIPOmeetsso However, Adam Eisgrau,legisla- treatywasnotdefeated.It “The Was therenotenoughtimeto As itturnedout,thecontrover- It seemsreasonabletoask The problemwithNGIand c 1 26 57 80 21 31 49 m t 23 9 u 7 5 0 6 2 2 6 9 i ...... a l 6 l l i o computing n Continued on Page 3 Page on Continued P s l a o n 1 f 35 53 80 24 38 44 n 24 9 1 5 0 8 5 2 d e 7 9 ...... o d 7 l l a r R s e ) q 1 u 2 6 8 3 3 4 2 9 e 7 2 0 0 9 6 9 9 s ...... 8 t proposals shouldvisittheCISEhome Researchers thinkingaboutsubmitting information issketchy atbest. networked computingenvironment. and secureoperationinanopen, confidence systemscapableofreliable use andconfiguration;high- adapting tochangingconditionsof computing systemscapableof areas: distributed,multi-agent plans increasedemphasisintwo budgeted forincreases. and IntelligentSystems(IRIS)—are (MIPS), andInformation,Robotics Information ProcessingSystems Research (CCR),Microelectronic CISE—Computer andComputation researchline. in NSF’s than twicethe3.4%overallincrease increase. This7.6%increaseismore resumed, withaproposed$21million upwardtrendhas the above-average $11 million(4%)for1997.Thisyear, mere $4million,anditincreasedonly In 1996theCISEbudgetincreaseda whole sawmuchsmallerincrements. and EngineeringDirectorateasa Computer andInformationScience tive. Overthelasttwoyears, pushed inpartbytheHPCCinitia- increase significantlyeachyear, computing researchtendedto N

CRA NONPROFIT ORG. (In theseexamples, budget According toNSFplans,CCR The threeresearchdivisionsof U.S. POSTAGE

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Expanding the Pipeline

Computing Research Association Fair for minority students at ADMI 97 school students, notably Jesse June 1 at the Hyatt Regency near Board Officers BY Robert “Corky” Cartwright Bemley’s Joint Educational Facilities Capitol Hill. The program will include: David A. Patterson The Association of Computer and Chair Information Science and Engineering program. Last year, four students • The HUFAST Information University of California, Berkeley Departments at Minority Institutions from JEF published the only papers Exchange, a forum presenting the Mary Jane Irwin (ADMI) has invited the Computing written by high school students in the research programs and capabilities at Vice Chair Research Association to organize a ADMI 96 symposium. minority institutions. The exchange Pennsylvania State University fair on “Opportunities in Computing CRA member institutions are is sponsored by Howard University in Nancy G. Leveson Research” at the ADMI 97 sympo- encouraged to send minority gradu- cooperation with the Air Force Office Secretary sium on May 31 in Washington, DC. ate students and departmental of Scientific Research. University of Washington The fair will offer programs for minority representatives to participate in the • A workshop for minority Michael R. Garey students at the graduate, undergradu- fair. Each participating department undergraduate students encouraging Treasurer ate and high school levels. will staff a table where prospective them to attend graduate school. Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies • Minority graduate students will undergraduate and graduate students • Sessions consisting of referred Board Members have the opportunity to network, can ask questions and gather infor- faculty papers and open discussions mation. CRA members from corporate on activities at minority institutions Alfred V. Aho explore employment opportunities in Columbia University academia and industry, and partici- research laboratories are similarly to increase the participation of invited to participate. Additional minorities in computing professions. Frances E. Allen pate in panel discussions on how to IBM T.J. Watson Research Center become more successful researchers. information is available from the CRA • Sessions consisting of original home page at http://www.cra.org. Gregory R. Andrews Particular attention will be paid to research papers by students from University of Arizona the special obstacles minority Conference registration information minority institutions. Sandra Johnson Baylor students must overcome. This is available from the ADMI home • The CRA fair on Opportunities IBM T.J. Watson Research Center program will be organized by a page at http://exodo.upr.clu.edu/ in Computing Research for minority Anita Borg committee of minority graduate ~admi/home2.html). Departments students. DEC Network Systems Laboratory students from research institutions and corporate laboratories interested The symposium will also include Robert Cartwright under the supervision of Richard Tapia, in participating should contact an entertaining program of social Rice University the Noah Harding Professor of Applied Robert Cartwright ([email protected]) activities. Last year’s symposium in Thomas L. Dean Mathematics at Rice University. before April 1, so sufficient space for Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, included a Brown University • Minority undergraduates will the fair can be reserved. midnight boat ride to see luminescent Stuart I. Feldman attend a recruiting fair, where ADMI consists of more than 30 dinoflagellates (phosphorescent IBM T.J. Watson Research Center representatives from computer institutions with large minority plankton) in the Caribbean. James Foley science and engineering depart- enrollments, many of which are The symposium is being chaired by Mitsubishi Electric Research Lab ments from across the nation will historically black colleges and Don Coleman, chair of the Depart- Peter Freeman provide information on opportuni- universities. The mission of the ment of Systems and Computer Georgia Institute of Technology ties for minority students in their organization is to strengthen educa- Science at Howard University. The C. William Gear respective programs. Minority tion and research in CS&E at technical program is being assembled NEC Research Institute Inc. undergraduates also will have the minority institutions, to enhance by a committee chaired by Forbes Lewis Irene Greif opportunity to talk to minority educational opportunities in CS&E from the University of Kentucky. Lotus Development Corp. graduate students about their for minority students and to foster Ramon Vasquez from the University of John V. Guttag personal experiences in various the professional development of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez will supervise MIT graduate programs. minority faculty. As part of their the publication of the proceedings. Stephen C. Johnson • Minority high school students mission, ADMI annually sponsors the Vasquez chaired ADMI 96. Transmeta Corp. from the Washington, DC, metropoli- Symposium on Computing at Cartwright, a CRA Board member, is Randy Katz tan area will attend a recruiting fair Minority Institutions. The theme of University of California, Berkeley professor and former chair of the focusing on opportunities for under- this year’s symposium, ADMI 97, is Edward D. Lazowska Computer Science Department at Rice University of Washington graduate study in CS&E. The “Increasing Diversity in Research and University. His principal research interests Washington area has some outstand- Education.” Jill P. Mesirov are programming languages, software Boston University ing programs in computing for high ADMI 97 will be held May 29 to engineering and computing education. James Morris Carnegie Mellon University Guylaine M. Pollock Sandia National Laboratories Intellectual property issues explored Kenneth Sevcik BY Randy Katz of experience and expertise. former, it may be acceptable to University of Toronto As federal research funding becomes The workshop participants broke distribute software without source Lawrence Snyder more constrained, increased indus- into groups to focus on four broad code. For the latter, it is most University of Washington trial support for university research questions: desirable that source code be Mary Lou Soffa can help reduce the funding gap. 1. In what ways is software distributed so that others may learn University of Pittsburgh However, there is widespread belief different from other forms of intellec- from and build upon the work. This is John A. Stankovic that university intellectual property tual property? in keeping with the traditional view University of Virginia rights policies have inhibited some 2. What are the expectations of of research publication. A key Jeff Ullman the various participants in collabora- principle of software as a scholarly Stanford University industry-university collaborations. It has also been observed that restric- tive arrangements? artifact is that it can be rapidly Mary K. Vernon 3. What are the underlying disseminated and built upon by others. University of Wisconsin, Madison tive intellectual property rights rules of ownership complicate the free principles of intellectual property The second break-out group John R. White rights? examined the expectations for the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center exchange of researchers between universities and industrial research 4. What are the underlying parties involved in software agree- Stephen S. Yau principles of multi-university, multi- Arizona State University laboratories. ments. Problems have arisen when industry consortium agreements? these expectations are not managed: Stuart Zweben To address these issues and to Ohio State University help formulate underlying principles Software does appear to be The sponsor expects exclusive access for university-industry agreements, different from other forms of pub- to commercialize the software along Executive Director CRA sponsored a one-day workshop lished works protected by copyright. with the delivery of well-supported, William Aspray in December. Participants included Multiple authorship is common, with high-quality source code. The 30 representatives from university different authors contributing to the university may expect a rich stream computer science and engineering work over time, thus complicating of licensing income, while the LETTERS TO THE EDITOR departments, university technology rights assignments. Unlike a book, university participants may expect to Joan Bass licensing offices, industrial research software requires considerable become wealthy. Experience indicates 1875 Connecticut Ave. NW laboratories and corporate legal staffs. technical support. In general, that these expectations are unrealis- Suite 718 The breakdown was about one- universities are not well-positioned to tic; there are only a few instances Washington, DC 20009-5728 third university faculty and admin- be in the software publishing busi- where university-developed software Tel. 202-234-2111 istrators, one-third technology ness. There are two views of research is “industrial strength”—it is widely Fax: 202-667-1066 licensing professionals and one- software: as an embodiment of used and yields significant licensing E-mail: [email protected] third industry representatives. This intrinsically useful functionality (the income. In general, faculty and was a rare opportunity to discuss “shrink wrap” view) or as the Letters may be edited for students should be interested in the issues among a collection of expression of new algorithms (the space and clarity. individuals with such a broad range “research publication” view). In the Continued on Page 4

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Association News

WIPO from Page 1 use. Legislation that might have called into question a casual user’s infrequently, Eisgrau pointed out, Upcoming CRA workshops ability to browse was introduced but underscores the significance of any did not make it past the committee single treaty’s approval or rejection. CRA ACADEMIC CAREERS WORKSHOP stage during the 104th Congress. Although smaller committees may Created in 1967, WIPO is a special The Computing Research Association’s Academic Careers Workshop is oriented meet during the interim years (and all agency of the United Nations. Its for both men and women. Its target audience is faculty in the beginning years of treaties must eventually be ratified by mission, according to the UN home their careers and senior graduate students contemplating an academic career. at least 30 nations), any matter page, is to “promote the protection of This workshop is inspired by the very successful Workshops on Academic approved at the formal meeting would intellectual property throughout the Careers for Women in Computer Science staged by the CRA Committee on the have been difficult to amend later on. world, through cooperation among Status of Women in Computing Research (CRA-W). It will be held June 4-5 in But debate and possible action on States, and to ensure administrative Denver. the matter is far from over. CRN has cooperation among the Unions.” Some of the sessions include: learned that WIPO officials are WIPO also helps developing nations by • The Tenure Process moving ahead with the “extraordi- “promoting creative intellectual • Networking, Selecting and Managing a Research Program nary session,” hoping to force a activity” and “facilitating the transfer of decision on the electronic database technology related to industrial • Getting Funding issue by September. property” to such countries. • Time Management/Family Issues Additionally, Congress may The other two treaties discussed Workshop presenters include: consider legislation of a similar (and adopted) in Geneva were the • Janice Cuny (CRA-W co-chair, University of Oregon) nature. Over the past few years, the WIPO Copyright Treaty, which • Susan Eggers (NSF Presidential Young Investigator, University of Washington) Clinton administration has been pertains to books and other works, • John Hennessy (Dean of the College of Engineering, Stanford University) pushing for certain changes in and the WIPO Performances and • Mary Jane Irwin (Vice chair of CRA and ACM, Pennsylvania State University) copyright law that would allow Phonograms Treaty, which covers • David Patterson (CRA Board chair and past Computer Science Department authors and publishers greater sound recordings. Further informa- chair, University of California at Berkeley) control over original works and alter tion regarding all three treaties may • Bobby Schnabel (Associate dean of academic affairs for engineering, legal tenets such as first sale and fair be found at http://www.wipo.org. University of Colorado at Boulder)

The careers workshop will begin June 4 at 1 P.M. and conclude June 5 at noon. Transitions This workshop will be followed by a one-day workshop on effective teaching. Space is limited. Tomasz Imielinski became chair of the Department of Computer Science at Rutgers University in July 1996. At press time, CRA was negotiating with a hotel to hold the workshop. If you are interested in receiving information when it becomes available, send your John A. Stankovic has been appointed the BP America Professor and request, name and e-mail address to [email protected]. Or call Kimberly Peaks at chair of the Department of Computer Science at the University of Virginia, effective January 1. 202-234-2111. Special discounts will be given to CRA members; special rates will be given to attendees who register for both workshops. Daniel A. Reed became head of the Department of Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign last May. CRA EFFECTIVE TEACHING IN CS&E WORKSHOP James H. Cross II was appointed chair of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Auburn University in July 1996. The purpose of the Computing Research Association’s Effective Teaching in Computer Science and Engineering Workshop is to help new faculty members Prith Banerjee joined Northwestern University in September 1996 as teach more effectively. This highly interactive workshop includes theoretical Walter P. Murphy Chaired Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineer- ing and director of the Center for Parallel and Distributed Computing. material on learning styles and instructional objectives, and practical tips on effective lecturing, creative problem-solving and collaborative learning. Stephen B. Seidman became chair of the Department of Computer Science at Colorado State University in July 1996. The workshop will be held in Denver and begin June 5 at 6 P.M. and end June 6 at noon. The CRA Academic Careers Workshop will be held in the same Thomas J. LeBlanc became acting dean of the University of Rochester’s Faculty of Arts, Sciences and Engineering (one-year appointment) in July location on June 4-5. 1996. Michael L. Scott became chair of the Department of Computer Attendees will actively participate individually, in pairs and in small groups. Science. This workshop is intended for new faculty members teaching college and Michael C. Loui has been appointed associate dean of the Graduate university courses in computer science and engineering. If space is available, College at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he is a more experienced faculty are welcome to attend. professor of electrical and computer engineering. The workshop leader is Michael R. Williams, a professor of computer science at Have you changed jobs, been promoted or appointed to a key committee or task the University of Calgary. Williams graduated with a B.Sc. in chemistry from the force? For example, we are interested in listing the new chairs of CS, CE or University of Alberta and earned a Ph.D. in computer science from the Univer- related departments or colleges; new heads of research laboratories; or key changes in granting agency personnel. Send announcements to [email protected]. sity of Glasgow. He joined the University of Calgary, first in the Department of Mathematics, then as a professor of computer science. Besides his work as editor-in-chief of the journal The Annals of the History of Computing, he has COMPUTING RESEARCH NEWS worked closely with the IEEE History Committee (serving as its chair in 1994 and 1995) and the IEEE History Center, and he is a member of editorial boards Vol. 9/No. 2/March 1997 concerned with publishing material in the area of the history of computing.

Computing Research News (ISSN 1069-384X) is published five times per year: in January, During his career he has received several awards, the most notable including: March, May, September and November. Copyright 1997 by the Computing Research Association (CRA), 1875 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 718, Washington, DC 20009-5728; tel. 202-234-2111. • The C.C. Gotlieb Award, presented in May 1990 by the Canadian prime All rights reserved. Material in CRN is not endorsed by CRA nor intended to reflect any official minister “in recognition of outstanding contributions to the Canadian Informa- positions of CRA or its board. tion Processing Society and to the profession on CIPS’ behalf.” Subscriptions: Call 202-234-2111, send e-mail to [email protected] or mail subscription inquiries to CRA, 1875 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 718, Washington, DC 20009-5728. A free subscription is • University of Calgary, Faculty of Science, Award of Excellence for Consis- available to qualified subscribers. One-year paid subscriptions are $30 in the United States, $45 tently Outstanding Contributions in Teaching, April 1993. (US) in Canada and $54 (US) elsewhere. Change of Address: Note that a change of address must include the old and new addresses At press time, CRA was negotiating with a hotel to hold the workshop. If you with ZIP+4 if available. Please include a street address or P.O. Box. are interested in receiving information when it becomes available, send your Postmaster: Send address changes to CRA, 1875 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 718, request, name and e-mail address to [email protected]. Or call Kimberly Peaks at Washington, DC 20009-5728. Postage paid at Washington, DC. 202-234-2111. Special discounts will be given to CRA members; special rates CRA Publications Committee Jeff Ullman, Board Chair, Stanford University will be given to attendees who register for both workshops. Alfred Aho, Columbia University James Foley, Mitsubishi Electric Research Lab Joan Francioni, University of Southwestern Louisiana Alberto Mendelzon, University of Toronto CRA welcomes its new members Kenneth C. Sevcik, University of Toronto The Computing Research Association continues to grow. CRA is pleased to Mary Lou Soffa, University of Pittsburgh welcome USENIX as a new affiliated professional society member. Two aca- Computing Research Association Staff demic departments recently joined as new members: the University of Puerto William Aspray, Executive Director and CRN Editorial Director Joan Bass, Editor of CRN and Communications Director Rico-Mayaguez, Department of Electrical and Computer; and Western Michi- Phillip Louis, Executive Assistant gan University, Department of Computer Science. CRA also appreciates the Kimberly Peaks, Director of Administration Fred “Rick” Weingarten, Director of Public Policy numerous professional society, academic and industrial members that support CRA and have renewed their memberships.

Page 3 COMPUTING RESEARCH NEWS March 1997

Washington Update Telecommunications law: one year later BY Louise Arnheim more than 300 interconnection a requesting entrant’s facilities and doubt over the future of the rules, When it was signed into law last year, agreements have been signed equipment with the incumbent LEC’s interconnection negotiations and the Telecommunications Reform Act between local exchange carriers network. The telecommunications arbitrations are continuing nation- of 1996 was hailed as the most (LECs) and new entrants. act required LECs and new entrants wide. “For one year out, we think comprehensive set of changes to the • TV sets are now required to to voluntarily negotiate interconnec- that things are going well,” said Mary nation’s telecommunications laws in include V-chips to help parents better tion arrangements in “good faith.” McDermott, vice president at USTA. over half a century. select viewing for children, and a new The incentive driving LECs to reach But long-distance companies dis- The simplicity of the act’s brief ratings system is in effect. agreement was the hope of offering agree. According to Carol Ann introduction, however, belied the • Four out of seven Baby Bells in-region long-distance services. In Bischoff, vice president of legislative number, volume and complexity of have announced plans to merge fact, LECs had to satisfy a 14-point and regulatory affairs for CompTel, the regulatory proceedings it set into (Pacific Telesis with SBS Communi- competitive checklist of conditions “Just because agreements have been motion. Public Law 104-104 (110 cations and Bell Atlantic with set by Congress in order to qualify to signed doesn’t mean there’s competi- Stat. 56) states that its purpose is to Nynex). offer such services. tion out there.” CompTel is the trade “promote competition and reduce The act directed the FCC to To prevent breakdowns in negotia- association representing competitive regulation in order to secure lower undertake more than 80 regulatory tions, the act allowed any party to the long-distance providers. prices and higher-quality services for proceedings. Those proceedings negotiation—135 days to 160 days In January, CompTel sponsored a American telecommunications covered matters such as alarm after a request had been filed—to seek Congressional briefing on local consumers and encourage the rapid monitoring services, manufacturing arbitration from the state public utility competition to date. Along with deployment of new telecommunica- protocols of Bell Operating Companies, commission. By statute, state utility member companies as well as several tions technologies.” Consumers cable reform, interconnection, pole commissions had to resolve matters no competitive LECs, CompTel argued would benefit from lower rates, more attachments, radio and TV broadcast later than nine months to the day the that local competition was not a reality. choices and the availability of station ownership, spectrum matters entrant filed its request. The FCC was “The primary goal of the act was to advanced services. and telemessaging. charged with crafting the guidelines for promote local competition,” Bischoff But a year’s time may be insuffi- Noting the commission’s success in these and related matters. said, “and that has not happened.” cient to gauge the impact of the new meeting all its deadlines to date, Shortly after the FCC released its If the emergence of competition law, particularly because many of the National Cable Television Association order last August, the LECs, several in the local exchange has been slower rules have only been in place a short (NCTA) President Decker Anstrom states and even some members of than anticipated, NCTA’s Anstrom while and because the Federal recently gave the FCC “high marks.” Congress argued that the FCC had said at a recent press conference, it Communications Commission (FCC) However, some parties think the FCC overstepped its authority in setting can be attributed to three factors. is still working its way through a may have overstepped its authority in certain pricing rules. A US Court of One factor was local telephone challenging implementation schedule. setting certain pricing rules for local Appeals agreed and stayed the company efforts to thwart competition. Here is a snapshot of what has interconnection, and successfully pricing rules last October. Oral The other two factors, Anstrom happened since President Clinton sought a stay of those rules. arguments on the matter were said, were cities’ attempts to extend signed the act in February 1996: The pricing rules were part of the presented January 16, and parties are their jurisdiction into telecommuni- • According to the United States larger matter of interconnection: that now awaiting the court’s decision. Telephone Association (USTA), is the direct or indirect connection of Although the stay casts some Continued on Page 8 CRN Subscription Form Clinton creates new committee Please check one: to advise on HPCC technologies ❒ President Clinton recently announced that Ken Kennedy, director of the Center I want to subscribe or renew my subscription to CRN. I qualify for for Research on Parallel Computation at Rice University, will co-chair a new a free subscription. committee to advise the government on computing and communications research. The Advisory Committee on High-Performance Computing and ❒ I want a year’s subscription to CRN. I do not qualify for a free Communications, Information Technology and the Next-Generation Internet subscription. My check, made payable to the Computing will provide advice to the National Science and Technology Council on “all Research Association, is enclosed. Subscriptions are $30. Foreign areas of high-performance computing, communications and information subscriptions are $45 (US) in Canada and $54 (US) elsewhere. technologies,” Clinton said. At press time the other co-chair had not been named, and some members ❒ This is a change of address. I have included my address label or a had not been selected. Members that were announced are: copy of the old address. Eric A. Benhamou, 3Com Corp. Vinton Cerf, MCI Communications ❒ Check here if you do not want your name given to organizations Ching-Chih Chen, Simmons College that ask to send information to CRN subscribers. CRA screens all David Cooper, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory such requests. Steven D. Dorfman, Hughes Electronics Corp. Robert Ewald, Cray Research Inc. and Silicon Graphics Inc. Free Subscription Policy: CRN is mailed free to 1) faculty members, adminis- David J. Farber, University of Pennsylvania trators and full-time researchers in college and university computing departments; Sherrilynne S. Fuller, University of Washington 2) research staff members and administrators of nonprofit, for-profit and govern- Hector Garcia-Molina, Stanford University ment laboratories involved in computing research; and 3) persons who affect Susan Graham, University of California at Berkeley policies related to computing research. Free subscriptions are only available in the James N. Gray, Microsoft Corp. United States and Canada. W. Daniel Hillis, Thinking Machines Corp. Please note: We cannot process your subscription unless you include a complete David C. Nagel, AT&T Labs street address or a post office box. To request an electronic subscription form, send Raj Reddy, Carnegie Mellon University your request to [email protected]. Edward H. Shortliffe, Stanford University Name Larry Smarr, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Leslie Vadasz, Intel Corp. Title/Position Andrew J. Viterbi, QUALCOMM Inc. Phone E-mail Steven J. Wallach, Hewlett-Packard Co. and Convex Computer Corp. Organization Type of Organization Katz from Page 2 when they become staff. The third break-out group Department traditional metrics of academic focused on the fundamental prin- success—fame and reputation— Address ciples underlying intellectual property although financial support for the City State ZIP+4 rights. They recommended that all research group is also a consideration. intellectual property be treated in a Staff programmers actually have fewer Mail this form to: CRN Subscription Department consistent manner by university Computing Research Association rights than students; because they work policies, whether protected by 1875 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 718 “for hire,” their rights are passed to the patents, copyrights or other forms of Washington, DC 20009 institution. It seems unfair that Fax: 202-667-1066; e-mail: [email protected] students lose their authorship rights Continued on Page 9

Page 4 March 1997 COMPUTING RESEARCH NEWS

1996 CRA Taulbee Survey Grad, undergrad student enrollments up BY Gregory R. Andrews versus 91% a year ago). This is surprising, because we simplified the survey form Chair, CRA Surveys Committee and provided both hard copy and online versions. Part of the reason may be The accompanying tables present the results of the 26th annual CRA Taulbee that we held to a firm deadline for responding. The major reason is probably Survey1 of Ph.D.-granting departments of computer science (CS) and computer that we made fewer follow-up calls than last year. However, the response rate is engineering (CE) in the United States and Canada. Information was gathered certainly high enough for the results to be meaningful. during the fall and early winter. The tables include all responses received by the Degree production (Figures 1 and 2; Tables 1-7) first week of February. An innovation this year is that the survey could be submitted online or on The tables and graphs show that a total of 915 Ph.D. degrees were awarded in paper. About half of the respondents used the online form for at least part of 1996 by the 130 responding departments. We believe that about 100 degrees their input. were awarded by the other 30 Ph.D.-granting departments. This estimated total Information on degree production and enrollment applies to the previous of 1,015 degrees is down somewhat from last year. But as Figure 2 shows, Ph.D. academic year (1995-96). Information on faculty applies to the current aca- production has been essentially flat for six years. demic year (1996-97). Faculty salaries reflect those in effect as of Jan. 1, 1997. Production should hold steady next year as well, based on the predicted Readers should keep in mind that survey results are from Ph.D.-granting number of new Ph.D.s (Table 1) less the usual correction of about 150 for overly departments only; there are hundreds more departments that only award optimistic predictions by departments. Longer-range predictions are harder to bachelor’s and master’s degrees. make however: Enrollment of new Ph.D. students was down about 300 students This article draws attention to the most significant results of the survey, last year, and about 100 fewer students passed their Ph.D. qualifying exam this especially results that are substantially different from last year. year than last. On the other hand, enrollment of new Ph.D. students rose back The first notable difference is that the response rate was much lower (81% to the level of two years ago (see next section). Table 5 shows the areas of specialization and types of first appointments for last year’s Ph.D. recipients. The table has been changed in two ways relative to 1 The title of the survey honors the late Orrin E. Taulbee of the University of Pittsburgh, who last year. First, there are 10 columns for specializations rather than six, and the conducted these surveys for the Computer Science Board from 1970 until 1984. columns have more descriptive headings. Second, there are now several rows 2Although the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Chicago were tied in the rather than just one for the positions taken by new Ph.D.s who were hired by National Research Council rankings, CRA made the arbitrary decision to place Pennsylvania in the second tier of schools. Continued on Page 6

DEGREE PRODUCTION IN ACADEMIC YEAR 1995-96

Number of Ph.D.-Granting Ph.D. Production Departments 140 127 1200 120 13 14 CS 52 73 100 86 37 100 1000 80 11 52 10 60 800 40 21 12 20 4 CE 600 0 1113 (98%) 1073 (98%) 1005 (92%) 1006 (91%) 400 969 (94%) 915 (81%) 907 (98%) 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 807 (98%)

Figure 1 (above) shows a steady growth over time in the number of US and 200 Canadian departments awarding CS and CE degrees. Actual numbers may be slightly higher because not all Forsythe schools completed their survey every year. Figure 2 (right) shows a plateau in recent years in the total production of CS and CE doctoral degrees. To correct for the recent trend downward in the 0 percentage of schools returning their surveys, the bottom bars show actual numbers reported, while the top bars project the numbers, assuming all schools had returned their surveys. Twelve schools did not return the survey in 1995; 30 did not respond in 1996. In the past three years there has been a more strenuous effort to include only CS and CE degrees in our data. 1988-89 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96

Table1.Ph.D.ProductionbyRanking Ph.D.s Average Ph.D.s Average Passed Average Produced perDept. NextYear perDept. Qualifier perDept. U5SCSRanked1-12 210107.251157.14815. U2SCSRanked13-24194162.116115.938. U9SCSRanked25-369098.162191.727. U7SCSOther37447.40463.3644. C3anadianCS8963. 9877.584. U9SCE 3936. 6663.13212. T5otal 90170.15,1188.8876. Table 2. Gender and Ethnicity of Ph.D. Recipients CS CE CS & CE Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total N3onresident Alien 205332283473*248 5 303*2 A0fricanAmerican,Non-Hispanic 100110111011 N415000415ativeAmericanorAlaskanNative A3sianorPacificIslander17110123113151821314 H9ispanic 154221312672 W3hite,Non-Hispanic 23946343104173304035 O2ther/NotListed 224200022242 S4ubtotal 781928116686*747 5 1008*8 D2idNotIndicate 2313 * 2 0 4*235 4 3* T6otal 713130834662797791509*1

Page 5 COMPUTING RESEARCH NEWS March 1997

1996 CRA Taulbee Survey

Table 3. Gender of Ph.D. Recipients Table4.GenderofBachelor’sandMaster’sRecipients CS CE CS & CE Bachelor’s Master’s M6ale 7)3(387%6)(988%7)9(87%M2ale 6),69(880% 3),31(78% F1emale 1)0(6)12% (78%1)0(12%F6emale 1),33(216% 8)5(20% T3otal 8*47* 2 9*1 5 T1otal 8*,414*,26 0 Table 5. Employment of New Ph.D. Recipients by Specialty

New Ph.D.s in Artificial Intelligence/ Robotics Other/Unknown Hardware Systems/ Architecture Numerical Analysis/ Scientific Computing Operating Systems/ Networks Graphics/ Human Interfaces Total Programming Languages/Compilers Software Engineering Databases/ Information Systems Ph.D.-Granting Depts. Theory/Algorithms T3enure-Track 2531151911152159 R1esearchers 283233239155 P2ostdocs 3344420114596 I41014222253nstructors 2 NewPh.D.s,OtherCategories O82133130135therCS/CEDept. 2 N21001029218on-CS/CEDept. 1 I7ndustry5258182472312322284537 G31501013464overnment 2 S51001211326elf-Employed 1 E2mployedAbroad1716740169796 U10200101207nemployed O4624413375ther/Unknown 19013 T2otal 1778939571715663507515991

Table 6. Ethnicity of Ph.D. Recipients Table7.EthnicityofBachelor’sandMaster’sRecipients CS CE CS & CE Bachelor’s Master’s Nonresident Alien 2)83 (734%3)(051%3)2(35%NonresidentAlien 6)26(97% 1),49(35% AfricanAmerican,Non-Hispanic1)0(1)1% (11%1)(1%AfricanAmerican,Non-Hispanic2)07(12% 5)(1% NativeAmericanorAlaskanNative5)(0)1% (5)0% (1%NativeAmericanorAlaskanNative1)2(50% 4)(1% AsianorPacificIslander 1)30(315%1)(318%1)4(16%AsianorPacificIslander 1),029(012% 7)3(17% Hispanic 2)4(3)3% (74%2)(3%Hispanic 1)82(92% 3)(1% White,Non-Hispanic 3)36(440%1)(019%3)5(38%White,Non-Hispanic 4),086(749% 1),38(33% Other/NotListed 2)4(0)3% (40%2)(3%Other/NotListed 1)10(81% 9)(2% S2ubtotal 8)1(896%6)(094%8)8(96%S2ubtotal 6),25(974% 3),84(90% DidNotIndicate 3)1(4)4% (56%3)(4%DidNotIndicate 2),159(126% 4)1(10% T3otal 8)4(2100%7)(5100%9)1(100%T1otal 8(0,411)0%04(0,261)0%

STUDENT ENROLLMENT IN ACADEMIC YEAR 1995-96

Table 8. New Students in Fall 1996 Bachelor’s Master’s Ph.D. Full Time Dept. Avg. Full Time Dept. Avg. Full Time Dept. Avg. U7S CS Ranked 1-12 22,031685.579409.23823. U4SCSRanked13-2412,01952.352279.27119. U1SCSRanked25-3615,05975.117176.14413. U5SCSOther70,27997.14,67202.5667. C7anadianCS27,262326.215231.655.2 U5SCE 559549.342382.787. T9otal 124,231411.38,35255.13,3410.

Footnotes Survey text from Page 5 All ethnicity tables: “Asian or Pacific Islander” includes people originating from the Pacific Islands, China, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, Samoa, India Ph.D.-granting CS or CE departments. Despite these improvements, the and Vietnam; “White, Non-Hispanic” includes people originating from Europe, number of unknown degree specializations and unknown types of first positions North Africa and the Middle East. are much too large (10% to 20%). We plan to investigate why in hopes of having more accurate data next year. All tables with rankings: Statistics sometimes are given according to departmen- The number of bachelor’s degrees that were awarded is up about 850 (more tal rank. Schools are ranked only if they offer a CS degree and according to the quality of its CS program as determined by reputation. Those that only offer CE than 10%), which reflects a recent and continuing increase in the number of degrees are not ranked, and statistics are given on a separate line, apart from undergraduates majoring in CS/CE. However, the number of master’s degrees the rankings. In Table 1, the “Ph.D.s Produced” column shows the number of awarded is about the same as last year. CS and CE degrees produced throughout the rankings. While CE degrees are The gender and ethnicity percentages remain relatively stable. The notable mixed into all rank categories, there are no CS degrees in the CE category. exception is that the number of master’s and Ph.D. degrees earned by Native Americans or Alaskan Natives is way up—from three to 45 for master’s degrees *Totals do not match: The reader may find that totals from certain tables do not equal each other, even though theoretically they should. These discrepancies stem and from one to five for Ph.D. degrees. from inconsistencies in the way departments answered different questions. We tried Student enrollment (Tables 8-12) to minimize this by calling departments that provided inconsistent answers. To put it succinctly: Enrollments are up. Nonresident faculty: A small percentage of faculty were nonresident aliens when The number of new Ph.D. students rose from 1,072 to 1,345, which puts it they were hired to work in fiscal 1996-97. In many cases, these new employees back to the level of two years ago. The number of new master’s students rose were gaining residency based on their new employment prospects. from 2,173 to 3,354, which is also about the level it was two years ago. Most All faculty tables: The survey makes no distinction between faculty specializing dramatically, the number of new bachelor’s students is up from 10,099 to in CS versus CE programs. We tried to minimize inclusion of any faculty in electrical engineering. Text continued on Page 7

Page 6 March 1997 COMPUTING RESEARCH NEWS

1996 CRA Taulbee Survey

Table9.GenderandEthnicityofEnrolledPh.D.Students Survey text from Page 6 EnrollmentbyGenderCSCECS&CE14,239, a 40% increase on top of last year’s 5% rise! M7ale 51,403885,78The marketplace and the Web are clearly having effects. In fact, the F3emale 10,06631,12increases are actually quite a bit greater than shown in Table 8, because 10% T0otal 65,474*56*,92 5 fewer departments completed the survey this year than last. EnrollmentbyEthnicity Faculty demographics (Tables 13-18) N3onresidentAlien 29,131282,32Table 13 illustrates current and predicted numbers of full-time equivalent A8fricanAmerican,Non-Hispanic859 3faculty members, with rows this year for different faculty ranks, including N303ativeAmericanorAlaskanNative researchers and postdoctorates. We also include a table that presents faculty A6sianorPacificIslander79915090data by different groups of departments. H8ispanic 1401212For some reason, departments are pessimistic about next year but then W6hite,Non-Hispanic 20,721622,84predict a slow growth back to this year’s total number of faculty. By contrast, O9ther/NotListed 22223 1past surveys have always predicted growth and have been overly optimistic. S3ubtotal 69,084236,52As expected, the gender and ethnicity percentages for faculty remain almost D7idNotIndicate 3681340the same as last year. Of note, however, are the differences between percentages in Table 6 (ethnicity of new Ph.D.s) and Table 19 (ethnicity of newly hired T0otal 65,474556,92faculty); a much smaller percentage of nonresident aliens are hired into tenure- Table10.PriorEducationofNewPh.D.Students track positions than are awarded Ph.D.s. And a much larger percentage of Bachelor’sinCSorCE%ofTotalwhite, non-Hispanics are hired into tenure-track positions than are awarded U3SCSRanked1-122f2o02)8 (80%Ph.D.s. U9SCSRanked13-248fo72)1 (41%Faculty salaries (Tables 20-28) U5SCSRanked25-361f1o71)4 (78%Faculty salaries again rose about 3% in all ranks relative to a year ago. (The U5SCSOther3f2o05)6 (58%overall averages in Table 20 are slightly higher than those reported in January.) C5anadianCS5fo36)(87%This year, salaries for newly reported faculty are listed by type of position U0SCE 1fo87)(13%(tenure-track, researcher, postdoctorate and other) rather than by groups of T7otal 8f1o51),34 (61%departments. Table11.Master’sDegreeCandidatesfor1996-97 Rankings CS CECS&CEFor tables that group computer science departments by the rank of 1-12, 13-24 U5SCSRanked1-126)2(617%1)(13%6)4(16%and 25-36, we based our ranking on information released in the 1995 assess- U5SCSRanked13-244)5(3)13% (81%4)5(11%ment of research-doctorate programs in the United States done under the U9SCSRanked25-362)7(0)8% (90%2)7(7%auspices of the National Research Council. U8SCSOther 1),93(254%1)4(029%2),08(51%Our top 12 schools are Stanford University, the Massachusetts Institute of C6anadianCS 2)3(0)7% (60%2)3(6%Technology, the University of California at Berkeley, Carnegie Mellon Univer- U5SCE 8)(72%3)2(267%4)1(10%sity, Cornell University, Princeton University, the University of Texas at Austin, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the University of Washington, T8otal 3),61(8100%4)8(6100%4),10(100% the University of Wisconsin at Madison, Harvard University and the California Table 12. Bachelor’s Degree Candidates for 1996-97 Institute of Technology. The departments ranked 13-24 are Brown University, Yale University, CS CE CS & CE U9S CS Ranked 1-12 1),16(316%1)4(211%1),31(15%the University of California at Los Angeles, the University of Maryland at U9SCSRanked13-247)2(610%2)2(518%9)5(11%College Park, New York University, the University of Massachusetts at U7SCSRanked25-366)1(0)9% (70%6)1(7%Amherst, Rice University, the University of Southern California, the U6SCSOther 3),40(247%5)9(847%3),99(47%University of Michigan, the University of California at San Diego, Columbia 2 C4anadianCS1),19(0)17%(40%1),19(14%University and the University of Pennsylvania. U3SCE 1)1(82%2)9(124%4)1(5%The departments ranked 25-36 are the University of Chicago, Purdue T8otal 7),22(9100%1),25(7100%8),48(100% Text continued on Page 8

FACULTY GROWTH IN FISCAL 1996-97

Table13.AnticipatedFacultyGrowthbyPosition 1996-971997-981998-991999-002000-012001-02Five-YearIncrease T1enure-Track 26,3723,2222,2420,3128,3227,392)(1% R7esearcher 2352852062282792094)16% P6ostdoc 2022912712522332741)(8% I6nstructor 205210230240200260-)5(-22% O0ther/NotListed 1206564666664-)3(-34% T0otal 31,2126,9526,9937,0834,1136,20-)(0%

Table14.AnticipatedFacultyGrowthbyRanking 1996-971997-981998-991999-002000-012002-02Five-YearIncrease U6SCSRanked1-12 4554854044484564993)(9% U5SCSRanked13-243483473894204224734)(12% U1SCSRanked25-363902852172193913811)(6% U2SCSOther 19,5111,3115,3218,3412,3710,41-)10(-7% C1anadianCS 3693873394604904801)(5% U5SCE 186174195165173183-)2(-17% T0otal 31,2126,9526,9937,0834,1136,20-)(0% Table 15. Ethnicity of Newly Hired Faculty Tenure-Track Researcher Postdoc Other N2onresident Alien 1)(011% 1)(529% 1)(2)23% (3% A0)fricanAmerican,Non-Hispanic(0)0%(0)0% (1)0% (2% N1)ativeAmericanorAlaskanNative(0)1%(0)0% (0)0% (0% A1sianorPacificIslander2)(2)18% (9)6%(4)14% (6% H3)ispanic (1)3%(3)3% (3)5% (5% W0hite,Non-Hispanic 7)(161% 2)(560% 3)(354% 4)(65% O5)ther/NotListed (0)4%(2)0% (1)3% (2% S2ubtotal 1)1(498% 3)(497% 6)(498% 5)(82% D2)idNotIndicate (1)2%(1)3% (22%1)(18% T4otal 15135666

Page 7 COMPUTING RESEARCH NEWS March 1997

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Table16.GenderofNewlyHiredFaculty Tenure-TrackResearcher Postdoc Other M5ale 9)(883% 2)(680% 5)(286% 4)(64% F7emale 1)(7)15% (9)20%(314%1)(20% T4otal 1*135 5 666* Table17.EthnicityofProfessors AssistantAssociateFullSurvey text from Page 7 NonresidentAlien2)7(4)5% (5)0% (0%University, Rutgers—the State University of New Jersey, Duke University, the AfricanAmerican,Non-Hispanic 7)(9)1% (6)1% (1%University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the University of Rochester, the NativeAmericanorAlaskanNative1)(0)0% (0)0% (0%State University of New York at Stony Brook, the Georgia Institute of Technol- AsianorPacificIslander 1)17(322%1)7(421%1)2(12%ogy, the University of Arizona, the University of California at Irvine, the Hispanic 1)2(92%1)(52%2)(2%University of Virginia and Indiana University. White,Non-Hispanic 3)15(759%5)4(266%7)7(75%Acknowledgments Other/NotListed 1)5(6)3% (01%1)(1%Juan Osuna drafted the survey and prepared the online version. Phillip Louis S4ubtotal 4)9(892%7)5(291%9)4(91%collected data and handled follow-up e-mail and telephone calls. Andy Goldstein DidNotIndicate 4)2(68%7)(09%9)(9%prepared the accompanying tables. Joan Bass coordinated production and layout. T6otal 5(031)0%48(31)00 %1(%,03 21)00 Table18.GenderofProfessors Telecom from Page 4 Assistant Associate Full cations via “new, costly regulatory regimes” and the “fickleness” of financial M4ale 4)3(081%7)5(590%9)7(94%markets. F2emale1)0(419%8)(710% 5)(6% And yet, the interconnection rules have only been in place since August, and two related FCC proceedings are still unfolding: universal service and T6otal 5438231,03access charge reform. Table 19. Faculty Losses Universal service. Today, nearly 94% of Americans have access to basic Total affordable telephone service. Given the advent of competition in the local exchange, Congress wanted to D4ied ensure the perpetuation of universal service, particularly in high-cost and rural R3etired3areas, and guarantee access to certain advanced telecommunications services by T2ookAcademicPositionElsewhere6schools, some health care providers and libraries. To assist with policy making T4ookNonacademicPosition4related to these and other issues, Congress directed the FCC to establish a R6emained,ChangedtoPartTimeFederal/State Joint Board on Universal Service. O6ther1In November the joint board issued its recommendations (a hefty 457 pages). The FCC is now considering those recommendations as well as the many U0nknown T5otal16 Continued on Page 9

FACULTY SALARIES IN FISCAL 1996-97

Table 20. Nine-Month Salaries, 98 Responses of 131 US CS Departments # Reporting Reported Salary Minimums Reported Salary Maximums Faculty Rank Salary Data Min. Mean Max. Avg. of all Salaries Min. Mean Max. A3ssistant 451$333,15$053,35$068,00$755,36$746,95$057,84$76,40 A3ssociate615$737,87$058,47$782,50$464,30$552,40$071,07$100,75 F5ull801$539,30$070,75$495,00$187,60$961,72$0113,25$200,00 Table21.Nine-MonthSalaries,12Responsesof12USCSDepartmentsRanked1-12 #ReportingReportedSalaryMinimums ReportedSalaryMaximums FacultyRankSalaryDataMin.MeanMax.Avg.ofallSalariesMin.MeanMax. A3ssistant60$350,50$056,65$964,70$059,45$658,00$063,44$76,40 A5ssociate70$255,69$062,05$466,40$068,47$471,25$077,24$90,00 F5ull106$139,30$070,43$780,00$095,95$7100,00$0134,50$163,30 Table22.Nine-MonthSalaries,11Responsesof12USCSDepartmentsRanked13-24 #ReportingReportedSalaryMinimums ReportedSalaryMaximums FacultyRankSalaryDataMin.MeanMax.Avg.ofallSalariesMin.MeanMax. A4ssistant40$354,00$056,55$863,65$158,34$255,82$060,86$66,10 A5ssociate77$654,24$063,37$772,45$068,64$567,00$075,13$91,15 F9ull113$861,91$074,01$089,60$098,07$2111,60$0132,99$200,00 Table23.Nine-MonthSalaries,11Responsesof12USCSDepartmentsRanked25-36 #ReportingReportedSalaryMinimums ReportedSalaryMaximums FacultyRankSalaryDataMin.MeanMax.Avg.ofallSalariesMin.MeanMax. A7ssistant40$453,00$055,23$157,77$557,52$355,82$060,39$65,50 A3ssociate68$957,94$061,98$869,00$467,15$264,65$072,90$81,40 F9ull 84$565,57$073,62$390,30$291,23$986,75$121,49$170,400 Table24.Nine-MonthSalaries,69Responsesof95USCSDepartmentsRankedHigherthan36orUnranked #ReportingReportedSalaryMinimums ReportedSalaryMaximums FacultyRankSalaryDataMin.MeanMax.Avg.ofallSalariesMin.MeanMax. A9ssistant255$133,15$052,13$968,00$754,02$946,95$056,25$76,00 A0ssociate414$037,87$056,87$482,50$462,80$952,40$069,51$100,75 F2ull412$047,87$069,92$995,00$184,29$461,72$0106,06$176,30 Table25.Nine-MonthSalaries,8Responsesof13USCEDepartments #ReportingReportedSalaryMinimums ReportedSalaryMaximums FacultyRankSalaryDataMin.MeanMax.Avg.ofallSalariesMin.MeanMax. A4ssistant26$549,39$653,22$758,97$155,78$754,46$058,73$65,00 A6ssociate59$755,65$359,35$866,27$064,92$163,50$070,86$77,65 F5ull 50$457,00$072,12$080,90$885,46$575,29$5106,94$146,14

Page 8 March 1997 COMPUTING RESEARCH NEWS

1996 CRA Taulbee Survey

Table 26. 12-Month Salaries, 9 Responses of 16 Canadian CS Departments (Canadian Dollars) # Reporting Reported Salary Minimums Reported Salary Maximums Faculty Rank Salary Data Min. Mean Max. Avg. of all Salaries Min. Mean Max. A8ssistant 40$242,00$050,39$960,00$955,05$249,18$060,03$69,37 A0ssociate120$649,43$659,47$076,08$069,72$660,33$380,26$125,23 F8ull141$162,66$775,45$192,60$989,95$478,44$2111,56$159,80

Table27.Nine-MonthSalaries,106Responsesof144USCSandCEDepartments #ReportingReportedSalaryMinimums ReportedSalaryMaximums FacultyRankSalaryDataMin.MeanMax.Avg.ofallSalariesMin.MeanMax. A7ssistant453$433,15$053,34$968,00$755,38$846,95$057,90$76,40 A9ssociate710$337,87$058,54$382,50$464,35$952,40$071,05$100,75 F0ull807$839,30$070,86$795,00$187,42$861,72$0112,73$200,00 Table28.SalariesforNewlyAppointedFaculty,17RespondIngUSCSandCEDepartments #ReportingReportedSalaryMinimums ReportedSalaryMaximums FacultyRankSalaryDataMin.MeanMax.Avg.ofallSalariesMin.MeanMax. T6enure-Track40$945,00$054,73$082,50$055,06$045,00$055,54$82,50 R2esearcher10$135,00$255,54$871,41$056,15$035,00$856,90$78,28 P4ostdoc27$129,99$637,92$754,75$039,60$233,00$041,48$55,00 O5ther/NotListed20$135,00$042,87$251,00$045,15$035,00$047,43$60,33

Katz from Page 4 expedited. Also, the university a uniform licensing agreement. For university mission: disseminating should not forget to reserve educa- example, the concepts of ownership knowledge, fostering industry legal protection. Incentives for those tional and research rights to its and control vary at different universi- relationships and enhancing the fame involved in the development, and reputation of the institution. protection and transfer of intellectual licensed intellectual property. Faculty ties. At some, ownership and control Recurring royalties are but one property should be formulated to and students must be better educated vest with the faculty creator, while at measure of successful technology achieve the institution’s desired goals. about the changing nature of intellec- others the institution owns the transfer. The workshop participants For example, university licensing tual property laws. intellectual property, but the creator committed themselves to work offices are all too often measured by The final break-out group focused controls it. The key challenge is to set toward making a difference in the the licensing fees they earn rather on the issues of multi-university, multi- up consistent rules within consortium intellectual property rights policies at than the successful university- industry consortium agreements. The agreements. their institutions. industry liaisons they have facilitated. group examined the different kinds of In summary, the workshop With the help of Rick Adrion, The result is a narrow focus on consortia: affiliates programs and participants thought it very impor- Peter Freeman, Bill Gear and Ed finding the next home run piece of sponsored research agreements tant to take the broad view of the Lazowska, we are in the process of intellectual property, such as the involving different numbers of universi- university’s mission with respect to drafting a comprehensive workshop NCSA Mosaic browser. Benefits ties and industry sponsors. Affiliates are industrial interaction and intellectual report and set of recommendations. A should be shared fairly among all the simplest, with modest expectations property. They encouraged the raw form of the workshop notes can be individuals and organizations who in terms of research funding and access formulation of uniform policies that found at http://www.cs.Berkeley.edu/ have contributed to development of to intellectual property. Arrangements maximize the value received for ~randy/CRA.WS.html. the intellectual property. Because that involve many participants, university intellectual property, time can be of the essence in dissemi- especially when they span multiple including patents, copyrights and Katz is a CRA Board member and nating the ideas embodied in soft- institutions, are especially difficult trade secrets. Such policies should professor of computer science at the ware, licensing decisions must be because of the complexities of reaching recognize the many facets of the University of California at Berkeley.

Telecom from Page 8 approach that would let actual and have an increasingly significant effect to [email protected] until March 24 potential competition drive prices on the public switched network. (specify CC Docket No. 96-263). comments filed in response. It is toward economic cost; 2) a “prescrip- Therefore, as part of this comprehen- Reply comments are due April 23. required to issue a report in May. tive” approach that would allow the sive proceeding, we must consider What’s ahead? Interstate access charges. FCC to set the “nature and timing of how our rules can provide incentives • On Capitol Hill, there are The FCC has just started work on the changes to existing rate levels” for investment and innovation in the stirrings about oversight hearings what it calls the “third in a trilogy of (both approaches are detailed in the underlying networks that support the regarding the act’s impact to date. actions” (the first two being intercon- NPRM); or 3) a combination of the Internet and other information There’s also new leadership on the nection and universal service) related two approaches. services.” major congressional committees with to the competitive future: the system The NPRM also raises the new While the FCC tentatively oversight of telecommunications. of interstate access charges. In issue of whether access charges should concluded that information service and Sen. John McCain (R-AZ) took over December it released a Notice of be paid by another group of parties that Internet access providers should not as chair of the Commerce Commit- Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) make use of the local network to have to pay access charges (as currently tee. Rep. Billy Tauzin (R-LA) requesting comment. provide interstate services: i.e., constituted), it issued a related Notice replaced retiring Congressman Jack Access charges are the fees paid information service providers and of Inquiry (NOI) along with the NPRM Fields (R-TX) as chair of the House by long-distance carriers to local Internet access providers (what the to address related issues. Commerce Telecommunications and exchange providers for the costs of FCC refers to collectively as “enhanced In its NOI, the FCC explained Finance Subcommittee. using the local network in originating service providers”). why growing residential usage of • At the FCC, it is possible an and terminating calls. Part 69 of the Local telephone companies Internet services may require entirely new set of players will be FCC’s rules ensure that these rates contend that the flat monthly attention: “Virtually all residential implementing future policy. Currently are kept “just, reasonable and business line rate Internet access users today connect to the Internet— there are four commissioners, with nondiscriminatory.” providers pay does not cover the a packet-switched data network— one Republican seat vacant. Re- Those rules, as the NPRM notes, costs they incur meeting burgeoning through incumbent LEC switching cently, the name of Michael Powell, were developed about the same time demand. Internet service providers facilities designed for circuit-switched son of Gen. Colin Powell, has been as divestiture and with the emerging argue that the revenue telephone voice calls. The end-to-end dedicated circulating as a possible nominee. competitive long-distance (interex- companies are now getting from channels created by circuit switches are Powell is a chief of staff at the Justice change) market in mind. “While our customers ordering second phone unnecessary and even inefficient when Department. There is also specula- Part 69 rules expressly contemplated lines as well as current rates more used to connect an end user to an ISP tion that Chairman Reed Hundt competition in the interexchange than cover such demand. [Internet service provider].” might step down, and that Commis- market, they were not designed to In raising the specter of possible For more information on both sioner Susan Ness is interested in address the potential effects of rules regarding Internet services, the the NPRM and NOI, see http:// filling that seat. Democratic Commis- competition in the local exchange FCC appears almost apologetic, www.fcc.gov/isp.html. Although the sioner James Quello (who has served and exchange access markets.” writing that “…we have long sought comment and reply dates for the since 1974) is leaving in June, and it To address this disparity and to avoid unnecessary regulation of NPRM have passed, the commission is uncertain whether Republican related matters, the FCC is request- information services. As usage is now accepting comments on the Commissioner Rachelle Chong will ing comment on 1) a market-based continues to grow, such services may NOI. Informal comments may be sent be reappointed.

Page 9 COMPUTING RESEARCH NEWS March 1997

Professional Opportunities

three references, and will be accepted until the Professor tenure-track position in the Department of position is filled. Computer Science and Engineering and must have This position has been cleared for advertising at an earned doctorate and a notable academic and the two-tier level. Applications are invited from industrial record in computer science, computer CRN Advertising Policy qualified individuals regardless of their immigration engineering or closely related field of information status in Canada. The university is committed to technology appropriate for the rank. The role of the Send copy and payment for Professional Opportunities advertisements to employment equity. Members of designated groups institute director is to initiate, stimulate, support Advertising Coordinator, Computing Research News, 1875 Connecticut (women, aboriginal people, people with disabilities and actively pursue research and development Ave. NW, Suite 718, Washington, DC 20009-5728. Tel. 202-234-2111; and visible minorities) are encouraged to self- initiatives and projects involving both the faculty identify on their applications. and graduate students at Wright State University fax: 202-667-1066; e-mail: [email protected]. E-mail submissions are preferred. and industrial and government organizations The format of an ad must conform to the following: 1) the first line University of North Carolina, involved in the information technology field. A major role for the director of the institute is to must contain the name of the university or organization, 2) the second line Chapel Hill provide active leadership and mentoring in R&D must contain the name of the department or unit, and 3) the body of the Department of Computer Science associated with the doctoral program in Computer ad should be in paragraph form. The words in the first two lines are included in Applications are invited for one or more tenure- Science and Engineering, as part of the enhance- track positions at any rank to begin in fall 1997 or ment of this program by the Ohio Board of Regents. the total word count for the ad. You may request in writing that some text be spring 1998. Areas of R&D activities are computer networking set in bold; a bold word in the body of the ad counts as two words. We particularly invite applications from and distributed computing, software engineering, The rate is $2.25 (US) per word. Purchase orders, money orders and candidates with expertise in building novel computer graphics and simulation, human-computer experimental hardware systems; image analysis, interaction, multimedia and distributed databases, checks are acceptable (please do not send cash). All CRA members receive at especially for biomedical applications; high-speed and information systems in general. The director least 200 free words per dues year. CRA’s standard advertising package consists computer communications; and logic and functional reports to the dean of the College of Engineering of printing an ad in and distributing it electronically to CRA’s jobs programming. Outstanding candidates who would and Computer Science and is advised by internal CRN strengthen other existing research groups in the and external boards of industrial and academic listserv and Web page (where it remains for two months). As an alternative to department will be welcomed. leaders. this package, advertisers may request that their Professional Opportunities ads Candidates must hold or expect to hold a Ph.D. The College of Engineering and Computer before starting employment, or must present an Science has 1,800 students and 80 teaching and just be published in CRN or just distributed electronically. The cost of the ad is equivalent level of professional accomplishment. research staff. The Computer Science and the same whether the standard or the alternative package is selected. Further information about the department Engineering Department, one of four departments in Professional Opportunities display ads cost $60 (US) per column inch, and this search may be obtained by e-mail to the college, has 20 faculty members, 500 under- [email protected]; via our Web site at http:// graduate majors and 140 graduate students, with a two-inch minimum. Ads must be submitted in camera-ready, offset www.cs.unc.edu under Joining Our Department/ including 35 doctoral students. It is housed in a new, (positives or negatives) or mechanical form. If your ad is larger than three Faculty Recruiting; or by post to Faculty Search attractive engineering building with a fully inches, please request our Advertising Rate Card. Committee, Department of Computer Science, networked Unix environment and excellent Campus Box 3175, Sitterson Hall, Chapel Hill, NC laboratories. WSU, an institution of 17,000 students, Computing Research News is published five times per year: in January, 27599-3175. is located on a spacious campus with a significant March, May, September and November. Professional Opportunities ads Minorities and women are encouraged to apply. area of protected green space, in a rapidly growing The University of North Carolina is an equal high-technology suburban community. It is with application deadlines falling within the month of publication of CRN opportunity, affirmative action employer. surrounded by commercial and government research will not be accepted for publication in CRN unless the ad says applications and development facilities, including Wright- will be accepted until the position is filled. If the closing date of a Profes- Bowdoin College Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Laboratory and sional Opportunities ad does not correspond with the publication of an Department of Computer Science Armstrong Laboratory. The university is committed The Department of Computer Science at Bowdoin to industrial and government partnerships for issue of CRN, advertisers can choose the alternative advertising package College invites applications for a two-year full-time research and development ventures to stimulate the and only have the ad distributed electronically. Advertising copy that is to visiting assistant professor for the 1997-98 and 1998- economic growth of Ohio’s Miami Valley region. Affordable, pleasant living environments, attractive appear in CRN must be received at least one month before publication. The 99 academic years. Ph.D. preferred. Teaching experience highly desirable. Duties include teaching to professionals and their families, are conveniently deadline for the May issue is April 1. Ads for electronic distribution only may two undergraduate computer science courses each located in the proximity of campus. be submitted at any time. semester and directing independent studies. The Candidates should include an up-to-date vita, a successful candidate will be expected to teach brief statement of previous R&D and administrative introductory courses, algorithms, at least one other background and goals, a record of activities Purdue University 17,000. Clemson, SC, is a small college town located core course (computer organization, programming representing the candidate’s strongest contributions, documentation of administrative ability, names of School of Electrical and Computer on Lake Hartwell at the edge of the Blue Ridge languages and theory of computation), as well as Mountains. offering advanced undergraduate electives. The field five references who may be contacted by the Engineering Applicants should send a curriculum vitae and of specialty is open. committee and any additional important supporting The Purdue University School of Electrical and names of three references to the Faculty Search Bowdoin is a highly selective, coeducational, information. The salary is competitive. Send Computer Engineering seeks outstanding candidates Committee, Department of Computer Science, liberal arts college of 1,550 students located two applications to WSU-ITRI Director Search in all areas of computer engineering. Candidates are Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-1906. hours north of Boston along the coast of Maine in a Committee, College of Engineering and Computer expected to have demonstrated exceptionally strong Screening began Jan. 31, 1997, and will continue community of 24,000. The college has a computer Science, Wright State University, Dayton, OH research and superior teaching potential. Several until the positions are filled. science major program with small classes and 45435. openings are anticipated for tenure-track faculty at Clemson University is an equal opportunity, excellent students. Departmental lab facilities Consideration begins immediately and continues all levels. affirmative action employer. include Macintoshes for the introductory courses, on the first of each month until July 1, 1997, or Applicants will be required to have a doctoral and DEC Alphas for use by students in advanced until the position is filled. Direct inquiries to tel. degree. Send a resume, including a statement of University of Houston courses. Further information about Bowdoin and the 937-775-5134; fax: 937-775-5133; e-mail: research and teaching interests and a list of at least [email protected]. Department of Electrical and Computer department is available on the World Wide Web at three references, to Head, School of Electrical and http://www.bowdoin.edu. Wright State University is an EEO/AA Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 1285 EE Engineering Applicants should send a letter of application, a employer. Building, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1285. The University of Houston Department of Electrical vita and a statement of teaching philosophy, and Applications will be considered as they are received. and Computer Engineering invites applications for arrange for three reference letters to be sent to Eastern Connecticut State University Purdue University is an equal opportunity, tenure-track/tenure junior/senior positions in David Garnick, Chair, Department of Computer Department of Mathematics and telecommunications and/or computer engineering. affirmative action employer. Science, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011. Computer Science Selected candidates will have an outstanding Questions can be directed by e-mail to opportunity to assume leadership roles in the Tenure-track assistant professor position in University of Michigan [email protected]. computer science starting fall 1997. The candidate Division of Computer Science and development of new initiatives in both these areas. Consideration of applications began Feb. 10, The University of Houston is an equal must have a Ph.D. in computer science and be able Engineering 1997, and will continue until the position is filled. to teach a broad range of undergraduate computer opportunity, affirmative action employer. Minorities, Bowdoin is committed to equal opportunity through Applications are solicited for several faculty science courses. Research background in artificial women, veterans and persons with disabilities are affirmative action. Women and minority candidates positions in the Computer Science and Engineering intelligence or databases is preferred. encouraged to apply. are encouraged to apply. (CSE) Division at all ranks. Qualifications include Applicants should send a comprehensive resume Submit application, vita, transcripts and three an outstanding academic record, a doctorate or with three references and cover letter discussing letters of recommendation to Dr. Jianhua Lin, equivalent in computer engineering or computer professional career objectives to W.L. Anderson, NEC Research Institute Search Chair, Computer Science, Eastern science, and a strong commitment to teaching and Chair, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Postdoctoral Researcher Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT research. Particular areas of interest include University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-4793. Applications are invited for a two-year postdoctoral 06226. AA/EOE. Visit http://www.ecsu.ctstateu.edu multimedia, computer networks, software for researcher position in the area of image databases at for information about Eastern and the department. distributed computing (including OS), databases, University of Saskatchewan the NEC Research Institute. The successful object-oriented programming, graphics and Princeton University Department of Computer Science candidate will have a Ph.D. and experience in image programming languages. processing with knowledge of wavelet and Fourier Department of Computer Science Applications are invited for a tenure-track faculty Please send resume and names of five references transforms, image compression, and a strong The Department of Computer Science at Princeton position at the assistant professor level. The to Professor Toby J. Teorey, Chair of the Faculty background in mathematics and statistics to support University seeks applications from outstanding department is interested in outstanding candidates Search Committee, CSE Division, Department of research in image searching techniques. teachers to assist the faculty in teaching our from all areas of computer science. However, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The The Institute, located in Princeton, NJ, has introductory course sequence. There is no deadline preference will be given to candidates interested in University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Room 3401, for applications, but candidates are encouraged to collaborative, applied research that cuts across close ties with many outstanding research Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122. apply early. We expect to make a lecturer traditional boundaries. Applicants must have a universities located in the area. The institute’s A nondiscriminatory, affirmative action laboratories are state of the art and include several appointment for the 1997-98 academic year. employer. Ph.D. in computer science or equivalent. The Candidates should have an exceptional record of successful applicant will be expected to build and high-end parallel computer servers. For more details about the NEC Research Institute, please see http:// classroom instruction and curricular innovation. Clemson University sustain a strong research program and to make a Princeton University prides itself on the quality of its commitment to excellence in teaching at both the www.neci.nj.nec.com. Department of Computer Science Applicants must show documentation of undergraduate teaching, and the Computer Science undergraduate and graduate levels. Department is committed to being a leader in The Department of Computer Science seeks eligibility for employment. NEC is an equal The University of Saskatchewan is a major developing new courses and teaching methods. applicants for two assistant professor level tenure- opportunity employer. Interested applicants should Western Canadian university with a wide range of The job involves teaching recitation sections track faculty positions and one non-tenure-track send their resumes, along with copies of selected academic programs and approximately 15,000 full- (two per semester) in the beginning courses as well lecturer position for fall 1997. For the tenure-track time students. The Department of Computer publications and names of at least three references, as certain responsibilities for overall management of positions, strong preference will be given to Science offers graduate programs at the M.Sc. and to Harold S. Stone, NEC Research Institute, 4 the introductory sequence. There is also work applicants in the areas of graphics, software Ph.D. levels, with approximately 65 students Independence Way, Princeton, NJ, 08540. E-mail: supervising assistants in instruction (i.e., TAs) and engineering and networking/distributed systems. enrolled, as well as professionally accredited [email protected]. developing curricular material, classroom Applicants should hold or expect to receive the undergraduate programs. The department is home to demonstrations and laboratory exercises. Ph.D. degree in computer science or a related field a diverse collection of vigorous research programs, Wright State University Lecturers are appointed to one-year terms, by the appointment date. Evidence of accomplish- and was recently ranked No. 1 among Canadian Information Technology Research renewable for up to six years. Promotion to the rank ment or strong potential for accomplishment in both computer science departments in terms of average Institute of senior lecturer, with unlimited renewable terms, is teaching and research are expected. For the lecturer research impact per publication, by the Institute a possibility. We are seeking candidates who are WSU seeks applicants and nominees for the position position, applicants should hold the M.S. degree in for Scientific Information (ISI) in Philadelphia. interested in establishing a long-term professional of director of the Wright State University computer science and provide evidence of a strong For further information about the department, see relationship at Princeton. commitment to high-quality undergraduate http://www.cs.usask.ca. Information Technology Research Institute, an Qualified applicants should send a letter of instruction. Please direct applications or inquiries to the R&D organization within the College of Engineering application, a resume and the names of four The department has more than 300 undergradu- Chair: Professor Derek Eager, Department of and Computer Science at the university, associated references to Lecturer Recruiting Committee, ate majors and more than 100 graduate students, Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, with the Department of Computer Science and Department of Computer Science, Princeton and offers B.A., B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees. Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9 Canada. E-mail: Engineering. The Information Technology Research University, Princeton, NJ 08544. Clemson University is the land-grant university of [email protected]. Applications should include a Institute was formally established in January 1997. Princeton University is an equal opportunity, South Carolina and has an enrollment of more than curriculum vitae and the names and addresses of The chosen candidate will hold a Distinguished affirmative action employer.

Page 10 March 1997 COMPUTING RESEARCH NEWS

Professional Opportunities

University of Southern California Sun, HP, Digital, IBM and SGI workstations; Macs; Department of Electrical Engineering- PCs; an HP parallel cluster; and state-of-the-art Professional Opportunities ads available on Web experimental equipment. The department is in the Systems Not all departments and organizations choose to run their Professional first year of a new NSF CISE research infrastructure The Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems grant. We are within an hour’s drive of the research of the University of Southern California invites Opportunities ads in CRN—their ads are only distributed electronically to laboratories of AT&T, BellCore, IBM, Lucent, applications from outstanding candidates for tenure- the Computing Research Association’s Web site and jobs listserv. If you are Matsushita, NEC, Nynex, Philips, Siemens and other track positions at all faculty levels in the following leading industrial companies. three areas: interested in seeing more Professional Opportunities ads, access the Jobs Columbia University is one of the leading 1) Computer/communication networks. Web page at http://www.cra.org/Jobs. If you would like to subscribe to research universities in the United States, and New 2) Computer architecture with emphasis on York City is one of the cultural, financial and processor/compiler design. Candidates with [email protected] so you can read the announcements before they are communications capitals of the world. Columbia’s knowledge of configurable architectures, parallel published in CRN (or see the ones that don’t appear in CRN), send the enclosed campus of tree-lined walks is located in algorithm design and analysis, and applied parallel Morningside Heights on the Upper West Side. The computation are sought. following mail message to [email protected]: subscribe jobs firstname lastname. department has its own building plus additional 3) VLSI systems development and chip design space and facilities in the new interdisciplinary with expertise in a broad spectrum of the design and 350 undergraduate, 120 master’s and 30 Ph.D. multimedia, natural language processing, Schapiro Center for Engineering and Physical hierarchy including mapping algorithms and students. The faculty has significant external support programming languages and scientific computing. Science Research. University subsidized housing and applications to multimedia. and is engaged in a broad range of successful The department provides a general-purpose, state- parking are available. Senior applicants should have demonstrated research programs. Research seminars draw upon of-the-art computing environment. In addition, Candidates for assistant professor should exhibit leadership ability and a distinguished teaching and computer science talent from the greater Boston there are specialized laboratories and research exceptional research promise, while those seeking a research record. All applications must include a area. The college maintains a state-of-the-art facilities for compiler optimization and instruction more senior position should have an outstanding comprehensive resume, a list of three to five computing environment including a large network of level scheduling, computer graphics and multimedia, record of research achievement. Candidates for the professional references and a letter of interest. The Sparc and Alpha workstations, specialized computer vision, and parallel and distributed instructional post should possess a doctorate and applicant is responsible for asking the references to laboratories for research in networking and computing. have experience in bringing innovation and submit letters directly to the address given below. distributed computing, and Macintosh and Windows The department faculty obtain external funding excellence to computer science teaching. Interest These letters will not be solicited by the department. NT teaching laboratories. In addition, the college at the level of $6 million per year. Among the and ability in teaching undergraduates and graduates Please send material to the Chair, EE-Systems recently acquired major research facilities in a new funding sources are federal agencies such as AFOSR, is necessary. Please submit a summary of research Search Committee, University of Southern $30 million Engineering Science Research Center. DARPA, DOE, NSF and ONR; and industrial interests, CV, e-mail address and the names of at California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2560. Please send resume, statement of research organizations such as BellCore, IBM Research, Intel, least three references to Faculty Search Chairperson, interests and three letters of recommendation to Microsoft, HP and SGI. Collaborative research with Department of Computer Science, 450 Computer Mississippi State University Faculty Hiring Committee, College of Computer industry is facilitated by the geographic proximity to Science Building, Columbia University, New York, Department of Computer Science Science, 161 Cullinane Hall, Northeastern the main research centers of AT&T, BellCore, IBM, NY 10027. E-mail: [email protected]. The Department of Computer Science expects to University, Boston, MA 02115. Applications Lucent, Matsushita, NEC and Siemens. Columbia University is an equal opportunity, have openings for tenure-track faculty at the deadline is March 15, 1997. For further information, Applications should include a resume, statement affirmative action employer. We encourage assistant or associate professor level, beginning as send e-mail to [email protected] or see the of career objectives, names of references (at least applications from women and minorities. early as August 1997. Areas of particular interest are college’s home page at http://www.ccs.neu.edu. three for junior positions and at least five for senior a) software engineering, with additional expertise in Northeastern University is an equal opportunity, positions) and key publications. Applicants are Virginia Polytechnic Institute and distributed computing, databases or high- affirmative action employer. We strongly encourage encouraged to provide a URL for a page describing State University, Northern Virginia performance computing considered desirable; b) applications from women and minorities. their activities. The evaluation of candidates for the Graduate Center data communications, networking and high- positions is in progress. Interested persons are Department of Computer Science performance computing; and c) computer graphics, Case Western Reserve University encouraged to apply as all applicants will be The Virginia Tech Department of Computer Science scientific visualization and geometric modeling. Department of Computer Engineering considered as long as the positions remain unfilled. However, other areas or combinations may also be Please send applications to Professor Zvi Kedem, seeks to fill two tenure-track positions at the considered. A Ph.D. in computer science or a closely and Science Faculty Search Committee, Department of assistant or associate professor level. The primary related field is required by the date of hire. The Case School of Engineering invites applications Computer Science, New York University, 251 research area is software engineering. Background in Applications will be reviewed beginning March 1, at all ranks for tenure-track or tenured positions in Mercer St., New York, NY 10012-1185. human-computer interaction is also desirable. The 1997, and will continue until the positions are filled. the Department of Computer Engineering and New York University is an equal opportunity, ability to teach a variety of courses and to support The Department of Computer Science has 18 Science, starting in the 1997-98 academic year. affirmative action employer. the administrative needs of the program are faculty positions and offers academic programs Applicants should have a Ph.D. in computer required. Interaction with other faculty in the engineering, computer science or a closely related leading to the bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral New York University interdisciplinary Information Systems Technology degrees. The undergraduate program is accredited by field. Demonstrated excellence in both research and program is expected. CSAB. The department cooperates with the teaching is required. Candidates in all areas are Department of Computer Science The department has special strengths in Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering encouraged to apply. However, the areas of The Computer Science Department seeks software engineering, information retrieval and HCI. in offering bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees computer architecture, graphical interface design, candidates for a clinical faculty position starting Virginia Tech NVGC is located in Fairfax County, in computer engineering, and participates in the concurrent programming, distributed computer September 1997 (pending funding approval). Junior near Washington, DC, one of the premier industrial interdisciplinary program in computational systems and networks, virtual reality, software and senior candidates will be considered (the centers for computing, software and networks. This engineering leading to master’s and doctoral degrees. development environments, algorithms, design possible appointments are as a clinical assistant location offers excellent opportunities for industrial Faculty and graduate students in the department automation and parallel computing are of most professor, clinical associate professor or clinical collaboration. work with the NSF Engineering Research Center for interest. professor). This is a nontenured position, with a Please send resume and the names of three Field Simulation (which specializes in high- Salary will be commensurate with appointment renewable three-year term; it is primarily a teaching references to Faculty Search, Computer Science performance scientific computing) and with the rank and qualifications of the applicant. Case and not a research position. The main duties are: Department, Virginia Tech NVGC, 7054 Haycock Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory Western Reserve University is a private, research • Teaching in the professional M.S. programs Rd., Falls Church, VA 22043. All materials must (specializing in complex instrumentation problems, university located in the University Circle area of (the department graduates 90 M.S. students arrive by March 31, 1997. often in severe environmental situations). Cleveland. The University Circle area is a unique annually). Virginia Tech has a strong commitment to the The successful applicant will be involved in region of Cleveland containing numerous schools, • Managing the projects course for the M.S. in principle of diversity and, in that spirit, seeks a broad maintaining the quality of the undergraduate museums and other cultural organizations. For Information Systems program, a joint program of the spectrum of candidates including women, minorities program, and will contribute to the strength of the instance, Severance Hall, the home of the Cleveland Computer Science Department and the Information and people with disabilities. graduate programs. Applicants are expected to have Orchestra, is within 100 yards of the university’s Systems Department in the Stern School of Individuals with disabilities desiring accommo- strong commitments to both research and teaching, main administration building. Business. (The projects are performed in collabora- dations in the application process should notify with experience and productivity in both areas Applications should be directed to Faculty tion with major local corporations.) The clinical Faculty Search, Department of Computer Science by strongly encouraged. Interested individuals should Search Committee, 406 Olin, Case Western Reserve faculty member would be expected to help obtain the application deadline. forward a vita and names of at least three references University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH funding from these corporations in support of these For more information, see http://frakes.cs.vt.edu/ to D.W. Dearholt, Head, Department of Computer 44106-7071. joint projects. csaprog.html. Science, Box 9637, Mississippi State University, MS A complete application shall contain a CV, the Candidates must be experienced practitioners. 39762. names and addresses of at least three references, and Experience in an industrial setting especially University of Memphis involving one or more of the following topics is MSU is an affirmative action, equal opportunity a statement of research and teaching objectives. The Department of Mathematical Sciences employer. search committee will make its decisions based on its preferred: Internet and intranet services, groupware, estimation of the candidate’s ability to perform computer security, networks, intelligent agents. Prior Elaborating on the advertisement in CACM (December 1996), applications are invited for a Ohio State University excellent research and effective teaching. teaching experience is desired. A Ph.D. is preferred. Case Western Reserve University is an equal The Computer Science and Mathematics tenure-track faculty position in computer science at Department of Computer and opportunity, affirmative action employer. departments together form the Courant Institute of the assistant professor rank. Desired research areas Information Science Mathematical Sciences, a division of New York in computer science include software development and related areas, object-oriented languages and A position for assistant or associate professor is New York University University. The Computer Science Department has available in the Department of Computer and 23 regular faculty and a number of associated, systems, distributed information systems, multimedia Information Science at The Ohio State University. Department of Computer Science visiting, adjunct and research faculty members. The and user interfaces. Applications for possible visiting Expertise in one or more of the following areas is The department expects to have several regular department provides a general-purpose, state-of-the- positions in any areas of computer science are also desirable: human-computer interaction, human- faculty positions beginning in September 1997 and art computing environment. In addition, there are invited. centered intelligent systems, computer-supported invites candidates at all levels. The department is specialized laboratories and research facilities for Applicants must have a Ph.D. by Sept. 1, 1997, cooperative work and distributed cognitive systems. strengthening and broadening its existing systems compiler optimization and instruction-level and a strong potential for excellence in research and This is a tenure-track position funded by the research and to this end is particularly interested in scheduling, computer graphics and multimedia, teaching. Women and minorities are strongly urged CIS Department and the Institute for Ergonomics at the areas of distributed computing, networking, computer vision, and parallel and distributed to apply. Successful candidates must meet guidelines Ohio State. (The Institute for Ergonomics is an multimedia, operating systems and security. Faculty computing. Additional information can be found on of the Immigration and Reform Control Act of 1986. interdisciplinary center focusing on cognitive and members are expected to develop an independent the department’s home page (http://cs.nyu.edu). For more information, see our Web pages at http:// physical ergonomics.) first-rate research program. In addition, they are New York University, the largest private www.msci.memphis.edu. Applicants should send a curriculum vitae, expected to participate in the departmental teaching university in the country, is located in Greenwich An EO/AA university. along with copies of the most important publica- activities at all levels, from the undergraduate to the Village, one of the most attractive residential areas tions, to Chair, Faculty Search Committee, doctoral. of Manhattan. Applications should be sent to York University Department of Computer and Information Science, There may also be openings for regular joint Professor Richard Cole, Chair, Department of positions with science departments. Candidates for Department of Computer Science The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210- Computer Science, New York University, 251 Applications are invited for tenure-track and/or 1277. E-mail: [email protected]. such positions are expected to combine expertise Mercer St., New York, NY 10012-1185. and research interests from both computer science contractually limited term positions at the assistant The Ohio State University is an equal To ensure full consideration, please submit your professor level. The department plans to increase its opportunity, affirmative action employer. Qualified and another subject such as chemistry, biology or application by March 1, 1997; the search will medicine. The department may also have one or overall strengths and has particular interest in women, minorities and individuals with disabilities continue until all positions are filled. Early applied areas such as computer and software systems, are encouraged to apply. more visiting positions in computer science. application is encouraged. Applications should include Appointments for visiting positions can be for a parallel processing and architecture, programming a resume and the names of at least three references. languages, and database and software engineering; Northeastern University period of either one or two semesters. An equal opportunity, affirmative action employer. The new appointees for regular positions will but excellent candidates from other areas are also College of Computer Science be offered competitive salaries, competitive start- encouraged to apply. A recent doctoral degree in The College of Computer Science invites up packages and low-cost university housing Columbia University computer science is required. Applicants must applications for a tenure-track faculty position at the within short walking distance of the department. Department of Computer Science demonstrate strong potential for excellence in assistant professor level. Preference will be given to New York University, the largest private The Department of Computer Science anticipates at research and teaching at both the graduate and candidates in the broad area of software engineering. university in the world, is located in Greenwich least one tenure-track opening and at least one undergraduate levels. The successful candidate will complement Village, one of the most attractive residential instructional appointment for a stated term. We The Department of Computer Science at York Northeastern’s well-established research programs in areas of Manhattan. invite applications from exceptional candidates at all includes over 25 faculty members, and has recently programming languages and software design The department has 23 regular faculty members ranks and in all areas. moved to expanded facilities in the new Chemistry methodology. Candidates with specialties in and a number of visiting, adjunct and research Our department of 19 tenure-track faculty and and Computer Science Building. For further information science/systems, databases, networks or faculty members. Current strengths of the two lecturers emphasizes excellence in research and information, see http://www.cs.yorku.ca. York operating systems will also be considered. Ph.D. in department lie in algorithms, artificial intelligence, teaching and attracts excellent Ph.D. students, University is the third largest university in Canada. computer science or related field is required. compilers, computer graphics, computer vision, virtually all of whom are fully supported. Depart- The college has a diverse full-time faculty of 19 databases, distributed and parallel computing, mental facilities include numerous Sun 4 servers; Continued on Page 12

Page 11 COMPUTING RESEARCH NEWS March 1997

Professional Opportunities

Jobs from Page 11 is ranked 35th among all Ph.D.-granting computer references and a brief description of research James Madison University science departments. USL is located in Lafayette, interests to Professor Raghavan at USL. For full Department of Computer Science the hub of French Louisiana, which is known for its consideration, applications should be submitted by It is located in metropolitan Toronto, and is within The Department of Computer Science invites Cajun culture. Lafayette is located about 52 miles the closing date of April 15, 1997. USL and easy reach of downtown Toronto. applications at the assistant/associate professor level west of Baton Rouge, and about 129 miles west of Southern University are both EEO/AA employers. Applications, with curriculum vitae and the for teaching positions. Requirements include a Ph.D. New Orleans. Southern University is the largest names of four references, should be sent to Michael in computer science or a related discipline, a historical black university in Louisiana, and is University of California, Davis Jenkin, Search Committee Chair, Department of commitment to quality in teaching, and an interest located in Baton Rouge, the state capitol. South Department of Computer Science Computer Science, 126 CCB, Faculty of Pure and in two or more of the following: networks, data Applied Science, York University, North York, ON Louisiana is renowned for its joie de vivre, which has The Department of Computer Science announces communications, information security, software M3J 1P3 Canada. Applications should be received given it an international reputation. lecturer positions for the 1997-98 academic year. engineering and interactive instructional materials. by March 15, 1997, although later applications We are recruiting two candidates who have Several full- and part-time lecturer positions are Preference will be given to documented excellence received before April 15, 1997, may also be Ph.D. degrees in computer science or in a closely available for the 1997-98 academic year. Additional in teaching, established research specialty in an area considered if positions are still available. related area by the date of appointment, and who information regarding these positions can be found indicated above or substantial industrial experience York University is implementing a policy of have a demonstrated commitment to research and at http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu. in CS. employment equity, including affirmative action for teaching. The teaching load is one course per Qualifications: Candidates should have a Ph.D. While the faculty member will participate in all women faculty members. In accordance with semester, plus a continuing research seminar. The in computer science (or equivalent background) or usual faculty activities, primary duties are to teach Canadian immigration requirements, this new faculty members will primarily be associated an M.S. in computer science with at least two years and to develop curriculum and research programs in advertisement is directed to Canadian citizens and with the Media Technology Laboratory at USL and teaching or work experience. permanent residents. with the Multimedia Laboratory at Southern. Salary range: (depending on level of education the areas above. Salary will be commensurate with General computing facilities at CACS include a and experience) ranges from a full-time, nine-month qualifications and experience in the range of University of Southwestern Louisiana network of Sun workstations, with Unix as the rate of about $43,572 to $57,408. $50,000 to $60,000. The Department of Computer Science offers and Southern University, Baton Rouge primary operating system. Additional facilities are To apply: Interested candidates should send a available in the research laboratories in automated curriculum vitae and the names and addresses of both the B.S. and M.S. degrees in computer science. Center for Advanced Computer Studies reasoning, computer vision and pattern recognition, at least three references by May 1, 1997, to There are presently nine full-time faculty positions and Department of Computer Science intelligent robotic systems, software research and Professor Charles Martel, Chair, Department of in the department, with 200 undergraduate and 50 The Center for Advanced Computer Studies VLSI systems. Computer Science, University of California at graduate students. James Madison University is a (CACS) at the University of Southwestern The broad areas of specialization are in Davis, Davis, CA 95616-8562. Or e-mail above comprehensive state university enrolling about Louisiana (USL) and the Department of Computer multimedia information retrieval; multimedia signal information (in ASCII or Postscript format) to 12,000 undergraduate and 500 graduate students. Science at Southern University-Baton Rouge processing and data communications; or graphics [email protected], attention Professor Martel. JMU is located in Harrisonburg, a progressive and (Southern) invite applications for two tenure-track and data visualization. Preference will be given to These positions are covered by a collective growing city of 30,000 in the heart of the famous positions at the level of assistant or associate candidates who have experience in some aspects of bargaining agreement. The University of California Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. The 472-acre professor in computer science. These positions are complex, distributed software systems research and is an affirmative action, equal opportunity employer. campus straddles Interstate 81 and is two hours from made available through support from the Louisiana development (such as in object-oriented program- Washington, DC. Board of Regents’ Joint Faculty Appointments ming, network protocols, intelligent agents, Southwest Texas State University Please send a letter of application with a Program (JFAP); the new faculty members will be multimedia indexing, softbot development, Department of Computer Science resume and the names, addresses and telephone numbers of three references to Search Committee, designated Louisiana Board of Regents’ EPSCoR networked database interoperability, communication Applications are invited for a tenure-track assistant Department of Computer Science, James Madison assistant/associate professors. Louisiana’s JFAP has security or data compression). The successful professorship in software engineering to begin fall received strong support from the National Science candidates are expected to contribute to the lab’s 1997. Applicants must have an earned doctorate in University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807. These Foundation, and has been hailed as having the goal of developing into a highly competitive research computer science, software engineering or a closely materials may also be sent in ASCII format to potential to become a model program for the nation. team that can engage in comprehensive studies of related field, and potential for excellence in [email protected]. The administrative plan ensures that both faculty issues arising in the context of heterogeneous, teaching, research and service. Review of candidates will begin March 1, 1997, members will enjoy full association with both networked information sources and can provide The Computer Science Department, with 15 and will continue until the positions are filled. partnering institutions. The start-up packages will practical solutions to large-scale, real-life faculty members, 400 undergraduate majors and 130 James Madison University is an equal include laboratory equipment, two years’ support for applications. master’s students, is part of SWT, a comprehensive opportunity, affirmative action, equal access summer salaries, research assistants and travel costs Additional information about these positions university with 21,000 students located in San employer and especially encourages applications to professional meetings. USL and Southern are can be found at http://extreme.cacs.usl.edu/~cice/ Marcos, TX. For more information, see http:// from minorities, women and persons with linked to each other, as well as to other research jfap.html. Interested individuals can direct their www.cs.swt.edu. disabilities. universities in the state, by the new Louisiana inquiries to Professor Vijay Raghavan, Center for Application review will begin March 15, 1997, Audio-Visual Research Network, facilitating Advanced Computer Studies, The University of and will continue until the position is filled. To Computists International distance learning and remote collaboration. Southwestern Louisiana, P.O. Box 44330, Lafayette, apply, mail a letter of application, resume and a list USL is the largest campus in the University of LA 70504-4330. Tel. 318-482-6603; fax: 318-482- of at least three references with addresses to Chair, Computists’ Communique Louisiana system, and is a Doctoral-II university. 5791; e-mail: [email protected]. Or to Recruitment Committee, Department of Computer AI students/faculty: weekly e-mail digests of M.S./ According to the 1995 National Research Council Professor Erold Hinds, Computer Science Science, Southwest Texas State University, 601 Ph.D. research jobs, grant competitions, resource study, CACS ranks seventh in program effectiveness Department, Southern University-Baton Rouge, University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666-4616. announcements, industry news, etc. Computists and faculty quality among all Ph.D.-granting Baton Rouge, LA 70813-0400. Tel. 504-771-2060; Southwest Texas State University is an equal International is a professional association of AI/IS/ computer science departments in all Doctoral-II fax: 504-771-4223; e-mail: [email protected]. opportunity, affirmative action employer. SWT is CS research scientists. Details from http:// universities. In a report published in the December Applicants should send a complete vita, samples committed to increasing the number of women and www.computists.com or [email protected]. Free 1996 issue of the Communications of the ACM, USL of publications, three names and addresses of minorities in faculty and administrative positions. departmental trials.

Budget from Page 1 Table 2. HPCCI Funding (in millions of dollars) as physical move to the margins of science and technology policy. page at http://www.cise.nsf.gov for 1996 1997 1998 Similarly, in the face of the great more information and for program Agency Actual1 Planned Request2 administrative emphasis on educa- announcements.) Commerce (NIST & NOAA) 321 353 tional technology, the Education MIPS will emphasize advanced D5efense(DARPA&NSA)34137335 Department’s participation in HPCC memory hierarchies and rapid design E2ducation 12121 is flat. Somehow, the fact that today’s for prototyping electromechanical E1nergy 17112115 high-performance computer is the systems. E2PA 166 everyday classroom desktop computer IRIS will have three new initiatives: H1HS(NIH) 80979 of the 21st century has not perco- 1. A new Digital Libraries N6ASA 14118112 lated into the budget process. Initiative. N1SF 28924729 2. Knowledge networking research T3ransportation 20252Half full or half empty? in such areas as collaboration technol- V1eteransAffairs 22222So, does the budget contain good ogy and virtual environments. news or bad news? The good news is 3. A new program to support T3otalHPCCIFunding15,0218,021,12 that computing research clearly is information infrastructure to facili- 1 2 Estimated; Includes $100 million for Next-Generation Internet initiative still an R&D priority, in the public tate data-centered experimental and political minds. Despite threats research. supporting NGI activities. corresponds to the $100 million NGI and continuing concerns about the Advanced Scientific Computing, The Cross-Disciplinary Activities program that has been put into the effects of budget balancing, research the division that funds the National Office continues to grow rapidly, in HPCC budget. seems to be holding its own, at least Supercomputer Centers program, will terms of percentage and increment. In terms of absolute increase in for now. stay level, continuing a three-year The increase will go toward a new funding, the departments of Energy trend. Over the next year the centers Learning Technologies initiative and and Defense are the big winners, with But, as Rep. George Brown, the face a major restructuring of support. infrastructure support for the Knowl- NSF coming in third. This has raised ranking Democrat on the House The outcome of the recompetition edge Networking initiative. some questions, because NSF has Science Committee and a longtime will be presented to the National HPCCI played a major role in past Internet observer of science policy, said when the budget was released: “The Science Board in late March. It is The HPC Act has expired. Although developments. NSF participation in president’s strong State of the Union expected that the number of centers the House Science Committee held HPCC had dropped over the last comments in support of science, supported will decrease by one or hearings, the administration was three years, and even the increase for technology and education were two, but that the pattern of support ambivalent and the act was not 1998 does not bring NSF up to the will be more complex, with funding renewed. The administration argued 1995 level. extremely encouraging. Overall, going not only to the national that the president would continue Some NSF officials explain these however, his budget falls far short of centers, but also to other research the program as a NSTC initiative numbers as reprogramming, and no what needs to be done.” centers associated with a national although possibly in a significantly doubt to some extent, that is still If R&D, particularly computing center. expanded form. going on. Yet the symbolism to the research, is as important to the The Networking and Communi- The initiative is still in the budget outside world, particularly Congress, nation’s future well-being as we cation Research Infrastructure under the HPCC label. It has been may be more negative. Some congres- believe and say, then it is time to get Division will receive an 11% boost level for the past few years at about sional staff have questioned whether serious about improving the funding after three years of flat funding. The $1 billion, but the 1998 request is up NSF’s move to the Virginia suburbs picture in a dramatic way. And NSF NCRI increase is linked to its role by 10%. The $103 million increase represents an administrative as well has to help lead the way.

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