Datazone level Namibian Index of MulƟ ple DeprivaƟ on 2001

Empowered lives.

Resilient nations.

Khomas Report Disclaimer

This Report is an independent publication commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme at the request of the Government of Republic of Namibia. The analysis and policy recommendations contained in this report however, do not necessarily re�lect the views of the Government of the Republic of Namibia or the United Nations Development Programme or its Executive Board.

ISBN: 978-99916-887-6-3

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For electronic copy and a list of any errors or omissions found as well as any updates subsequent to printing, please visit our website: http://www.undp.org.na/publications.aspx PREFACE

This report is the result of collaborative work between the Government of the Republic of Namibia (GRN), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Centre for the Analysis of South African Social Policy at the Oxford Institute of Social Policy at the University of Oxford.

In November 2009, the Khomas Regional Council change over the last decade could be measured requested UNDP to assist in designing an objective when the 2011 Census becomes available and criterion or set of criteria, devoid of political is subsequently used for carrying out a similar and other considerations, which the Council analysis. could use in allocating development resources. Subsequent discussions led to an agreement that This report presents, using tables, charts and other stakeholders, especially the Central Bureau digital maps, a pro�ile of multiple deprivation of Statistics needed to be involved and that the in Khomas region at data zone level, which is a criterion or set of criteria needed to go beyond relatively new statistical geography developed income poverty considerations. It was also agreed for purposes of measuring deprivation at a small that rather than focus on Khomas region alone, the area level. This technique of pro�iling deprivation criterion or set of criteria needed to be applicable at datazone level, each with approximately to, or cover the entire country. Speci�ically, it 1000 people only, enables the identi�ication was agreed that a composite index of multiple and targeting of pockets of deprivation within deprivation, the Namibia Index of Multiple Khomas region for possible use in panning for and Deprivation (NIMD), be constructed at both implementation of development interventions. national and regional levels. Since the scope and The aim of the exercise was to produce a pro�ile depth of analysis needed for the development of of relative deprivation across Khomas region in the NIMD required very detailed and reliable data order for the most deprived areas to be identi�ied and information, it was agreed that the 2001 census and clearly delineated. In this way, it would be data, though ‘outdated’, be used as the source of possible for regional and constituency level information for preparing the NIMD. Accordingly, policy and decision makers, as well development the NIMD being presented in this report re�lects practitioners, to consider a particular domain of the situation in Khomas region at the 2001 time- deprivation, or to refer to the overarching NIMD point only. UNDP and the GRN recognize that for each constituency or datazone, in inter alia, the report does not speak to possible changes in allocating and applying development resources relative deprivation that may have occurred in the and interventions. The NIMD can also be used Khomas region since 2001. Nevertheless the 2001 as a platform for effecting a paradigm shift in NIMD could serve as a benchmark against which development planning towards increased focus

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 1 on and targeting of deprived areas and sectors; the Centre for the Analysis of South African Social as well as interrogating the causes of inequality Policy at the Oxford Institute of Social Policy at in access to basic services within the region. The the University of Oxford, under the leadership and NIMD at datazone level should be viewed as adding guidance a national steering committee chaired to the existing body of information and knowledge, by Mr Sylvester Mbangu, Director of the Central including local knowledge systems, about poverty Bureau of Statistics, with the participation of and deprivation in Khomas region and the large representatives of the thirteen Regional Councils. family of existing planning and resource allocation In addition to providing the funds for carrying tools and methodologies already in use at the out the project, UNDP provided overall oversight regional and constituency levels. and technical backstopping to the project through Ojijo Odhiambo, Senior Economist and Johannes This project was undertaken by Professor Michael Ashipala, National Economist. David Avenell is Noble, Dr Gemma Wright, Ms Joanna Davies, Dr thanked for his assistance with producing the Helen Barnes and Dr Phakama Ntshongwana of datazones.

2 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section 1: Introduction 5

1.1 Background 5 1.2 De�ining poverty and deprivation 6 1.3 The concept of multiple deprivation 6 Section 2: Datazones 7

Section 3: Methodology 8

3.1 An introduction to the domains and indicators 8 Domains 8 Indicators 8 3.2 Material Deprivation Domain 9 Purpose of the domain 9 Background 9 Indicators 10 Combining the indicators 10 3.3 Employment Deprivation Domain 10 Purpose of the domain 10 Background 10 Indicator 11 Combining the indicators 11 3.4 Health Deprivation Domain 11 Purpose of the domain 11 Background 11 Indicator 11 3.5 Education Deprivation Domain 12 Purpose of the domain 12 Background 12 Indicators 12 Combining the indicators 12 3.6 Living Environment Deprivation Domain 12 Purpose of the domain 12 Background 12 Indicators 13 Combining the indicators 14 3.7 Constructing the domain indices 14

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 3 3.8 Standardising and transforming the domain indices 14 3.9 Weights for the domain indices when combining into an overall Index of Multiple Deprivation 14 Section 4: Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001: Kavango Region 15

4.1 Multiple Deprivation 15 4.2 Domains of deprivation 20 Section 5: Conclusion and Some Policy Recommendations 35

Annex 1 37

Material Deprivation Domain 37 Employment Deprivation Domain 37 Health Deprivation Domain 37 Education Deprivation Domain 37 Living Environment Deprivation Domain 37 Annex 2 38

Domain and overall NIMD scores and ranks 39 References 47

4 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION

This report presents the datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 (NIMD 2001) for the Khomas region.

1.1 Background

The NIMD is a composite index re�lecting �ive dimensions of deprivation: income and material deprivation; employment deprivation; Initially a NIMD was created at constituency level education deprivation; health deprivation; and for the Khomas Region, but applicable to other living environment deprivation. The NIMD and regions of the country as well, using data from the the component domains of deprivation were 2001 Population Census at constituency level after produced at datazone level using data from the a two-day consultative process on the domains and 2001 Population Census. Datazones are small indicators with members of the Central Bureau of areas containing approximately the same number Statistics, civil servants from the Council and staff of people (average 1,000). The datazone level members of UNDP. The objective of this phase of NIMD therefore provides a �ine-grained picture of the project was to construct measures of multiple deprivation and enables pockets of deprivation to deprivation at constituency level in order to provide be identi�ied in Khomas region. a more detailed analysis of deprivation which would enable Khomas Regional Council, and other The report is structured as follows: The background regional councils across Namibia, to rank their areas information and the conceptual framework which in order of deprivation, and also to set them in the underpins the model of multiple deprivation is context of all other areas in Namibia. The datazone described in this introductory section. In Section level index presented in this report draws from the 2 the rationale for and process of constructing previous constituency index, and covers, in detail, datazones are described. Section 3 introduces the entire country including Khomas region. In the domains and indicators that were included constructing the NIMD at datazone level however, in the NIMD and summarises the methodological it became necessary to make some small changes approach that was used in constructing the NIMD. to some of the domains and indicators initially In Section 4 datazone level results for Khomas used in the constituency level study. These changes region are presented, while conclusions and some are explained in detail in Section 3 of this report. general policy recommendations are presented in As such, the constituency level index has also been Section 5. revised to give a comparable measure. The initial

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 5 results of the work at the datazone level were which can be recognised and measured, and presented to, and validated by, representatives of are experienced by individuals living in an area. all the 13 Regional Councils at a workshop held in Multiple deprivation is therefore conceptualised Ondangwa in November 2011. as a weighted combination of distinct dimensions 1.2 Deϐining poverty and deprivation or domains of deprivation. An area level score for each domain is produced and these are then combined to form an overall Index of Multiple Townsend (1979) sets out the case for de�ining Deprivation. poverty in terms of relative deprivation as follows: ‘Individuals, families and groups can be said to Although the area itself is not deprived, it can be in poverty if they lack the resources to obtain nonetheless be characterised as deprived relative to the types of diet, participate in the activities and other areas, in a particular dimension of deprivation, have the living conditions and amenities which on the basis of the proportion of people in the area are customary or at least widely encouraged or experiencing the type of deprivation in question. approved in the societies to which they belong’ In other words, the experiences of the people in an (Townsend, 1979, p31). area give the area its deprivation characteristics. It is important to emphasize that the area itself is not Though ‘poverty’ and ‘deprivation’ have often deprived, though the presence of a concentration been used interchangeably, many have argued of people experiencing deprivation in an area may that a clear distinction should be made between give rise to a compounding deprivation effect, them (see for example the discussion in Nolan and but this is still measured by reference to those Whelan, 1996). Based on this line of thought, it can individuals. Having attributed the aggregate of be argued that the condition of poverty means not individual experience of deprivation to the area having enough �inancial resources to meet a need, however, it is possible to say that an area is deprived whereas deprivation refers to an unmet need, in that particular dimension. And having measured which is caused by a lack of resources of all kinds, speci�ic dimensions of deprivation, these can be not �ust �inancial. understood as domains of multiple deprivation. In 1.3 The concept of multiple his article ‘Deprivation’ Townsend also lays down deprivation the foundation for articulating multiple deprivation as an aggregation of several types of deprivation (Townsend, 1987). Townsend’s formulation of The starting point for the NIMD is a conceptual multiple deprivation is the starting point for the model of multiple deprivation. The model of model of small area deprivation which is presented multiple deprivation is underpinned by the idea in this report. that there exists separate dimensions of deprivation

6 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region SECTION 2: DATAZONES

Datazones are a new statistical geography for Namibia created especially for this version of the NIMD 2001. This section provides a non-technical overview of the process of creating the datazones and summarises their characteristics.

The methodology adopted is based on a similar Internal homogeneity: It is important that process undertaken in South Africa (Avenell et al., datazones comprise EAs of similar characteristics. 2009) which in turn was adapted from techniques This helps to ensure that the datazone geography developed in the United Kingdom (see, for example, created is ‘meaningful’ in that, for example, in Martin et al., 2001). Datazones were built up urban areas housing of a similar type are grouped from Census Enumeration Areas (EAs) to create a together within one datazone and that those living standard uniform geography across Khomas region in EAs within a single datazone share similar socio- based on the existing EA geography which nest economic characteristics. In order to achieve this within the ten constituency boundaries. Though all EAs were analysed using a technique known a datazone may be created from a single EA, it is as cluster analysis. This technique groups EAs usually created by merging one or more contiguous across the country and the region into a small EAs which share common characteristics in number of ‘families’ based on a variety of relevant accordance with a set of pre-de�ined rules. The characteristics. The datazones were checked actual creation of datazones was undertaken using and validated by obtaining aerial photography a variety of geographical programming techniques underlays for the mapping software and visually (see Avenell et al., 2009). A set of rules governing inspecting boundary positions. the merging process was drawn up to ensure that the datazones had, as close as was possible, the following characteristics:

Population size: Datazones are designed to have a similar resident population size - this allows The NIMD and the comparability across the region. The target population size was 1,000 with a minimum of 500 component domains of and maximum of 1,500. A total 252 datazones were deprivation were produced created for the Khomas region. at datazone level using data Population density: Datazones should comprise from the 2001 Population EAs of similar population density. This is important to ensure that urban areas become distinct from Census. rural areas. The datazone algorithm incorporated thresholds to ensure that, wherever possible, urban areas became tightly bounded.

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 7 SECTION 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1 An introduction to the domains and indicators no access to basic material goods they would be captured in the Employment Deprivation, Education Domains Deprivation and Material Deprivation domains. The indicators were chosen following an extensive consultation process with representatives of the The NIMD was produced using the 2001 Namibian Central Bureau of Statistics, Khomas Regional Population Census which was supplied by the Council and UNDP . Namibian Central Bureau of Statistics for the purposes of this project. Whilst the intention should always to be concept-led rather than ‘data- driven’, the project team was restricted to selecting The NIMD was indicators from the range of questions included within the 2001 Census. The NIMD was produced produced using the at datazone level (and also at constituency level on 2001 Namibian a comparable basis). There are 252 datazones and ten constituencies in Khomas region. Population Census The NIMD contains �ive domains of deprivation: which was

• Material Deprivation supplied by the • Employment Deprivation • Health Deprivation Namibian Central • Education Deprivation • Living Environment Deprivation Bureau of Statistics for the purposes

Each domain is presented as a separate domain Indicators of this project. index re�lecting a particular aspect of deprivation. Each domain seeks to measure only one dimension of deprivation, avoiding overlaps between the domains and providing a direct measure of the Each domain index contains a number of indicators. deprivation in question. Individuals can however, There are 11 indicators in total in the NIMD. The experience more than one type of deprivation aim for each domain was to include a parsimonious at any given time and it is therefore conceivable (i.e. economical in number) collection of indicators that the same person can be captured in more that comprehensively captured the deprivation for than one domain. So, for example, if someone each domain, but within the constraints of the data was unemployed, had no quali�ications and had available from the 2001 Census. When identifying

1 This refers to material goods, that is, assets or possessions. During the consultation process a number of other domains were discussed. These included: access to recreation facilities, level of participation in community activities, crime, food security, provision of emergency services, and availability of affordable transport. Unfortunately data relating to these issues were not available within the Census. These issues could be incorporated into further iterations of the NIMD if appropriate administrative or geographical data becomes available. 2 Because the direct method of standardisation makes use of individual age/gender death rates it is often associated with small numbers. An empirical Bayes or ‘shrinkage’ technique is therefore used to smooth the individual age/gender death rates in order to reduce the impact of small number problems on the YPLL.

8 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region Purpose of the domain indicators for the domains, it was important to ensure that they are direct measures of the domain of deprivation in question and speci�ic to that This domain measures the proportion of the domain. population experiencing material deprivation in an area by reference to the percentage of the In the construction of that index the indicators were population who are deprived of access to basic discussed at length during the consultation process material possessions. Background and every effort was made to ensure that they were appropriate for the Namibian context. The domains need to allow different geographical areas to be distinguished from one another; therefore it In other indices that have followed this model would be unhelpful to identify a deprivation which (e.g. UK indices), an Income Deprivation Domain is experienced by most people in most areas as this was created. However, there is an argument that would not enable the areas to be ranked relative to such a domain is inappropriate within an Index of each other in terms of deprivation. Multiple Deprivation, because - as explained above - deprivation can be regarded as the outcome of In the following sub-sections the domains and lack of income rather than the lack of income itself. indicators which make up the NIMD 2001 are To follow Townsend, within a multiple deprivation described. measure, only the deprivations resulting from a 3.2 Material Deprivation Domain low income would be included so low income itself would not be a component, but lack of material possessions would be included. In any event, the 2001 Census did not have an income question and so an income poverty indicator, if included, would need to be modelled from a different data source In any event, the 2001 such as the Namibian Household Income and Census did not have an Expenditure Survey. Such modelling work is being undertaken separately for the Central Bureau of income question and so an Statistics (now Namibia Statistics Agency) by Lux Development and will provide a complementary income poverty indicator, if small area measure of income poverty. For these reasons, a material deprivation domain was included, would need to be produced. A lack of access to basic material goods can be understood as a proxy for low income. The modelled from a different data 2001 Census included questions about access to material goods (e.g. television, radio, newspaper, source such as the Namibian telephone and computer) which are internationally Household Income and accepted and widely used as measures of variations in living standards. Expenditure Survey

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 9 Of the possible material goods that could be all other activities ‘regardless of the amount of included as indicators, access to a television/radio time devoted to it, which in extreme cases may be and telephone/cell phone were selected as they only one hour’ (Hussmanns, 2007, p6). Therefore a represent important modes of communication person was considered to be employed if during the and a means of accessing information crucial to seven days prior to the Census night they worked one’s life and livelihood. The quality of the services for at least one hour for pay, pro�it or family gain. provided however, were not be taken into account. It follows that unemployment was de�ined as a Indicators situation of a total lack of work. The de�inition of unemployment adopted by the 13th International Conference of Labour Statistics (ICLS) stipulates • Number of people living in a household with three criteria which must be simultaneously met for no access to a television or a radio; or a person to be considered unemployed. According • Number of people living in a household with to this of�icial de�inition, the unemployed are those no access to a telephone/cell phone. persons within the economically active population Combining the indicators (aged 15-65 inclusive) who during the reference period (for the 2001 Census this is the seven days prior to Census night) were: A simple proportion of people living in households experiencing either one or both of the deprivations 1. Without work, i.e. in a situation of total lack was calculated (i.e. the number of people living in of work; and a household with no access to a television/radio 2. Currently available for work, i.e. not a student and/or with no access to a telephone/cell phone or homemaker or otherwise unavailable for divided by the total population). work; and 3.3 Employment Deprivation Domain 3. Seeking work, i.e. taking steps to seek employment or self-employment. Purpose of the domain

Using the 2001 Census however, it was not possible to measure whether unemployed people were This domain measures employment deprivation available for work and seeking work. Though conceptualised as involuntary exclusion of the other indices have also included people of working age population from the world of work working age who cannot work because of illness by reference to the percentage of the working age or disability, as they are involuntarily excluded population who are unemployed. from the world of work and internationally are Background regarded as the ‘hidden unemployed’ (Beatty et al., 2000), the consultation group wanted to limit this domain to the economically active population The 2001 Census recorded employment status in and therefore disabled or long-term sick people line with the International Labour Organisation were not included. The age band was modi�ied to (ILO) ‘labour force framework’ and the ‘priority 15-5� inclusive to re�lect a concept of working age rules’ which give precedence to employment over relevant to Namibia.

10 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region Indicator

of infant mortality) will therefore ceteris paribus, have a higher overall YPLL score than an area with • Number of people aged 15-59 inclusive who are unemployed. Combining the indicators The YPLL measure is

The domain was calculated as those identi�ied as related to life expectancy unemployed and aged 15 to 59 inclusive divided by in an area. Areas with low the number of people who are economically active in that age group. 3.4 Health Deprivation Domain life expectancy will have

Purpose of the domain YPLL scores

a similarly relatively high death rate for an older age group. This domain identi�ies areas with relatively high rates of people who die prematurely. The domain The YPLL indicator is a directly age and gender measures premature mortality but not aspects of standardised measure of premature death (i.e. behaviour or environment that may be predictive death under the age of 75) . The YPLL measure of forthcoming health deprivation. is related to life expectancy in an area. Areas Background with low life expectancy will have high YPLL scores. Equally high levels of infant mortality and perinatal mortality as well as high levels of serious Although the consultation process raised the illness such as HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis will all importance of measuring people’s health status; contribute to reduced life expectancy in an area and access to health facilities and healthcare, and therefore high YPLL scores. Thus, although these issues could not be measured using the 2001 the YPLL is a mortality measure, it does, implicitly, Census data. It was therefore not possible to include re�lect the extent of serious ill-health in an area. any measures of morbidity or access to health And although it would have been possible to use services. Instead a form of standardised mortality infant mortality, under-�ive mortality, and life ratio known as Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) expectancy as indicators, YPLL in effect combines was used. An internationally recognised measure all these issues into a single indicator and is of poor health, the YPLL measure is the level of therefore a broader and more useful overview of unexpected mortality weighted by the age of the health deprivation in an area. Indicator individual who has died (for details about how this indicator was constructed see Blane and Drever, 1998). An area with a relatively high death rate in a young age group (including areas with high levels • Years of potential life lost

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 11 3.5 Education Deprivation Domain

level or above or who are illiterate divided by the Purpose of the domain population aged 15 to 59 inclusive). 3.6 Living Environment Deprivation Domain

This domain measures deprivation in educational Purpose of the domain attainment for people aged 15 to 59 inclusive. Background

This domain measures both inadequacy in housing Elsewhere in the Southern Africa Development conditions and a lack of basic services to the home. Background Community (SADC) region it has been shown that the level of educational attainment in the working age adult population is closely linked to an individual’s employment status and future The 2001 Census questionnaire provides indicators opportunities for those individuals and their on households’ access to basic amenities. These dependants (Bhorat et al., 2004). aspects of the immediate environment in which people live impact on the quality of their life and The 2001 Census includes a record of the level provide good measures of deprivation in terms of of education completed and a record of illiteracy. access to services. These two questions provide the best available measures of educational attainment and make up Measuring access to electricity as a basic amenity is the indicators for this domain. The consultation a useful indicator of living environment deprivation. process additionally raised the importance of Three Census indicators were considered: main affordable education and availability of tertiary source of energy for cooking, lighting and heating. education opportunities, but again, these could not Although cost, availability and effectiveness are Indicators be adequately captured using the 2001 Census. factors in the consumption of all energy supplies, it has been argued that in certain instances, the choice of fuel for cooking may be in�luenced by • Number of 15-59 year olds inclusive with no cultural preference rather than availability alone, schooling completed at secondary level or whereas the use of electricity for lighting would above; or generally be the preferred choice, if available, • Number of 15-59 year olds inclusive who are and therefore provides a more valid measure of illiterate. deprivation in terms of access to energy for lighting Combining the indicators (Bhorat et al., 2004). This was the measure used in the previous constituency level index. However, at datazone level, all individuals in a high proportion A simple proportion of the working age population of datazones were found to lack electricity for (aged 15 to 59 years old inclusive) who had not lighting. These datazones would all be given completed schooling at secondary level or who the same overall score for this domain, and so it are illiterate was calculated (i.e. the number of would not be possible to discriminate between people with no schooling completed at secondary datazones in terms of their level of deprivation.

12 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region For this reason the indicator was altered slightly adequacy. Though the 2001 Census contains fairly to include paraf�in alongside electricity (and solar precise information about materials used in the power) as the measure of access to energy for construction process, there is no way of identifying lighting. The inclusion of paraf�in however, does whether the resultant buildings were of a high not imply any judgement about its suitability for quality or not. It was therefore agreed that only lighting purposes, but is rather a means of enabling shacks could be reliably identi�ied as constituting datazones to be properly ranked on this domain. inadequate housing.

Access to clean drinking water and sanitation The crowding indicator is calculated by dividing facilities is essential for the good health of the the number of people in the household by the population and thus an important indicator to number of rooms excluding bathrooms, toilets, include in this domain. An indicator of no access to kitchens, stoops and verandas. Different versions piped water within the home or within 200 metres of the crowding indicator were considered. It was of the home was included. The threshold of 200 felt that the most appropriate measure of crowding metres was regarded by the consultation group as was to classify three or more people per room as a preferable to a threshold of 400 metres (the MDG deprivation. Setting the capacity cut-off at two or measure). Though in the previous (constituency) more people per room was considered. However, it index people without �lush toilets or ventilated pit was felt that this lower capacity would capture too latrines were regarded as deprived, investigation of many non-deprived people, for example relatively this indicator at datazone level revealed that again, well-off couples sharing a one room urban a high proportion of datazones scored 100 percent. apartment. Indicators Therefore, as with the access to energy indicator, an additional criterion was added: long drop pit latrines were included alongside �lush toilets and ventilated pit latrines. Again, the inclusion of long • Number of people living in a household drop pit latrines does not imply adequacy, but without the use of electricity, paraf�in or is included simply as a means of discriminating solar power for lighting; or between datazones. • Number of people living in a household without access to a �lush toilet or pit latrine The quality of housing construction provides (ventilated or long drop); or an important indicator for the quality of day- • Number of people living in a household to-day life and vulnerability to shocks such as without piped water/borehole/borehole adverse weather conditions (Bhorat et al., 2004; with covered tank (but not open tank)/ Programme of Action Chapter 2 World Summit protected well inside their dwelling or yard for Social Development Copenhagen 1995). There or within 200 metres; or was much discussion during the consultation • Number of people living in a household that process about traditional dwellings and their is a shack; or • Number of people living in a household with three or more people per room.

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 13 Combining the indicators 3.8 Standardising and transforming the domain indices

A simple proportion of people living in households experiencing one or more of the deprivations was Having obtained a set of domain indices, these calculated (i.e. the number of people living in a needed to be combined into an overall Namibia household without electricity, paraf�in or solar Index of Multiple Deprivation and in order to power for lighting and/or without adequate toilet combine domain indices which are each based on facilities and/or without adequate water provision different metrics there needed to be some way to and/or living in a shack and/or in overcrowded standardise the scores before any combination conditions divided by the total population). 3.7 Constructing the domain indices could take place. A form of standardisation and transformation is required that meets the following criteria. First it must ensure that each domain has a common distribution; second, it In all domains apart from the Health Deprivation must not be scale dependent (i.e. con�late size Domain, the overall score is a simple proportion with level of deprivation); third, it must have an of the relevant population, and so can be easily appropriate degree of cancellation built into it; interpreted. As Censuses can be regarded as a and fourth, it must facilitate the identi�ication of sample from a super-population, it is important the most deprived datazones. The exponential to consider and deal with large standard errors. A transformation of the ranks best meets these technique that takes standard errors into account criteria and was applied in the NIMD 2001. For but still enables one to then combine the domains further details about this technique see Annex 3 into an overall index of multiple deprivation is of the 2001 NIMD National Report available at called �ayesian shrinkage estimation. �peci�ically, http://www.undp.org.na/publications.aspx and the scores for datazones can be unreliable when also Noble et al. (2006b). 3.9 Weights for the domain indices the deprived population is small and so the when combining into an overall shrinkage technique was applied to each of the Index of Multiple Deprivation domains. The ‘shrunk’ estimate is the weighted average of the original datazone level estimate and an appropriate larger spatial unit. The weight is based on the standard error of the original Domains are conceived as independent dimensions datazone estimate and the amount of variation of multiple deprivation, each with their own within the constituency. For further details about additive impact on multiple deprivation. The this technique see Annex 2 of the 2001 NIMD strength of this impact, though, may vary between National Report available at http://www.undp.org. domains depending on their relative importance. na/publications.aspx and also Noble et al. (2006b). As a starting point, equal weights for the domains were recommended and this was supported by the consultation group. Each domain was therefore assigned a weight of 1. The NIMD was therefore constructed by adding the standardised and transformed domain indices with equal weights.

14 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region SECTION 4: DATAZONE LEVEL NAMIBIAN INDEX OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION 2001: KHOMAS REGION

4.1 Multiple Deprivation

NIMD (i.e. the �ive separate domains of deprivation combined together). The lightest shading relates In this section a pro�ile of multiple deprivation in to the least deprived datazones. Map 2 is a zoom- Khomas region, at both constituency and datazone in of Map 1, showing the datazones within the levels, is presented. Using the data from the NIMD Windhoek area (as these are small in physical it is possible to compare the 252 datazones and size and therefore hard to distinguish on Map 1). ten constituencies within Khomas. Map 1 shows These maps provide an easy to interpret picture of the datazones in Khomas in relation to the overall the pattern of multiple deprivation in the Khomas region.

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 15 


16 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 17 Table 1 shows some of the data underlying these given a rank of 1 among the datazones in Khomas. maps. The NIMD 2001 score, national rank (where If ranked alongside all datazones in Namibia, it 1=most deprived and 1,871=least deprived) ranks at 62. This datazone and one other in Moses and Khomas rank (where 1=most deprived and ||Garoëb constituency are in the most deprived 252=least deprived) for the 20 most deprived 10 percent of datazones in Namibia in terms of datazones in Khomas are shown. Appendix 2 multiple deprivation (the cut-off for the 10 percent provides this information for all of the datazones most deprived is a rank of 187). The least deprived in Khomas. datazone in Khomas – and in Namibia as a whole – is located in Windhoek East. The most deprived datazone in Khomas is in Moses ||Garoëb constituency, and is therefore Table 1: The 20 most deprived datazones in the Khomas Region

Datazone Constituency NIMD score NIMD rank – NIMD rank – national within Khomas

790 Moses ||Garoëb 300.2 62 1 788 Moses ||Garoëb 268.6 166 2 560 Tobias Hainyeko 260.1 206 3 796 Moses ||Garoëb 252.4 251 4 793 Moses ||Garoëb 247.8 282 5 797 Moses ||Garoëb 242.2 322 6 561 Tobias Hainyeko 240.0 337 7 556 Tobias Hainyeko 239.9 338 8 574 Tobias Hainyeko 234.7 377 9 792 Moses ||Garoëb 231.0 403 10 789 Moses ||Garoëb 230.9 404 11 557 Tobias Hainyeko 230.1 414 12 555 Tobias Hainyeko 227.5 438 13 712 Windhoek Rural 226.6 442 14 551 Tobias Hainyeko 211.5 567 15 717 Windhoek Rural 210.1 580 16 794 Moses ||Garoëb 206.8 605 17 559 Tobias Hainyeko 204.0 622 18 566 Tobias Hainyeko 203.1 631 19 562 Tobias Hainyeko 199.9 national 659 20

The ten constituencies in Khomas vary in terms of based on the ranks (i.e. where the most the range of deprivation of their datazones. Chart deprived datazone in Namibia is ranked 1, and the 1 shows the minimum, maximum and median least deprived datazone is ranked 1,871). rank of datazones in each constituency, and the interquartile range for the overall NIMD. This is

18 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region Interpreting the Charts: For details on how to interpret the chart please see the ‘How to interpret interquartile range charts’ description in section 4.1 of the national report available at http://www.undp. org.na/publications.aspx

Chart 1: Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 Khomas Region: interquartile range 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 Rank of datazone [where 1 = most deprived] 0

roëb a Soweto ainyeko s ||G dhoek West Katutura East Mose Samora Machel Windhoek EastWindhoek RuralWin Katutura Central Khomasdal North Tobias H

The vertical green line for each constituency ranks in Moses ||Garoëb and Tobias Hainyeko shows the range of the ranks of the datazones in are lower (more deprived) than in the other a constituency (including the dots which for some constituencies. If the box is relatively short this constituencies, like Katutura East and Khomasdal indicates that datazones are ranked in a narrow North, appear at either end of the line). Moses range, with similar NIMD ranks (and therefore ||Garoëb, Tobias Hainyeko and Windhoek Rural similar levels of multiple deprivation). Windhoek have a larger range of deprivation than the other East and Windhoek West have a particularly constituencies. narrow range for the middle 50 percent of datazones. If the box sits towards the bottom of the The green box for each constituency shows the chart it tells us that datazones in the constituency range of the NIMD ranks of the middle 50 percent are concentrated in the most deprived part of the of datazones in the constituency (the interquartile national distribution of the NIMD. If the box sits range). The horizontal line within the box for each towards the top of the chart it tells us that the constituency represents the rank of the median datazones in the constituency are concentrated in datazone within that constituency. The median the least deprived part of the national distribution. Datazones in all the constituencies in Khomas

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 19 region, especially Windhoek East, Windhoek West material deprivation in 2001. The within Khomas and Khomasdal North are concentrated at the ranks are shown as well as the domain scores, least deprived end of the distribution. Datazones for each constituency in Khomas (where 1=most in Moses ||Garoëb and Tobias Hainyeko are deprived). concentrated more towards the middle of the national distribution and the most deprived and of In terms of material deprivation, the most deprived the regional distribution. constituency in Khomas is Tobias Hainyeko (with 64 percent of the population experiencing material within Further analysis shows that the datazones in the deprivation), followed by Moses ||Garoëb (56 Khomas most deprived 10 percent of datazones percent). In relation to employment deprivation, on the overall NIMD are located in four the most deprived constituency is Katutura Central constituencies. These constituencies and the (with 39 percent of the relevant population being within number that are in the most deprived 10 percent employment deprived), followed by Moses ||Garoëb of datazones Khomas are as follows: Moses and Tobias Hainyeko (both at 38 percent). These ||Garoëb (8 in 29), Samora Machel (3 in 31), Tobias same three constituencies are also the three most Hainyeko (12 in 32) and Windhoek Rural (2 in 22). deprived in terms of education deprivation: Moses 4.2 Domains of deprivation ||Garoëb is the most deprived (with 69 percent of the relevant population being education deprived), followed by Tobias Hainyeko (68 percent) and Although it is not possible to calculate multiple Katutura Central (61 percent). In terms of living deprivation rates as such, each of the individual environment deprivation, Tobias Hainyeko is the domains of deprivation can be presented at most deprived constituency (with 88 percent of the constituency level, and for all domains except total population experiencing living environment health the domain scores can be compared. deprivation), followed by Moses ||Garoëb (84 percent). Table 2 provides the domain scores for each Windhoek East and Windhoek West are the two constituency in Khomas, excluding health as the least deprived constituencies on all four of the health score is not calculated as a rate. The other domains. four domains are in the form of simple deprivation rates. So for example, 63.5 percent of the population The domain scores and ranks for each of the in Tobias Hainyeko constituency experienced datazones in Khomas are presented in Appendix 2. As in Table 2, four of the �ive domains are

20 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region expressed as rates. Health deprivation is expressed an area with a similarly relatively high death rate as the years of potential life lost in that datazone. for an older age group, all else being equal. The A datazone with a relatively high death rate in a measure is related to life expectancy in an area, so young age group (including areas with high levels datazones with low life expectancy will have high of infant mortality) will have a higher score than scores on this domain.

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 21 8 5 2 7 6 4 1 3 9 10 rank Living Living (within Khomas) deprivation deprivation environment environment 35.2 38.4 50.8 84.3 46.1 68.2 87.9 69.5 12.1 16.1 Living Living rate (%) rate deprivation deprivation environment environment 8 7 3 1 6 4 2 5 9 10 rank (within Khomas) Education Education deprivation rate (%) rate Education Education deprivation deprivation 6 49.2 7 44.8 1 61.3 2 69.1 45 57.3 3 61.2 67.9 8 60.3 9 26.1 10 15.9 rank (within Khomas) deprivation Employment Employment 8.6 32.7 24.0 38.5 38.1 37.1 36.6 38.0 23.7 14.0 rate (%) rate deprivation deprivation Employment Employment 7 8 3 2 6 5 1 4 9 10 rank (within Material Material Khomas) deprivation 6.3 31.5 56.4 35.4 46.4 11.0 rate (%) rate Material Material deprivation deprivation Constituency Katutura CentralKatutura East Katutura 49.6 Khomasdal NorthMoses ||Garoëb 26.5 Samora Machel Samora Soweto Tobias HainyekoTobias 63.5 Windhoek East Windhoek Rural 48.3 Windhoek West Table 2: Domain scores and ranks for each constituency in the Khomas Region for each constituency and ranks 2: Domain scores Table

22 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region Table 3 shows the percentage of each constituency’s any datazones in the most deprived 10 percent nationally datazones that are in the most deprived 10percent nationally in terms of health deprivation or of datazones for each domain. Only living environment deprivation. Approximately Moses ||Garoëb, Tobias Hainyeko and Windhoek one quarter of the datazones in both Moses nationally Rural feature amongst the most deprived 10 ||Garoëb and Tobias Hainyeko are in the most 10 percent of datazones on any of the percent deprived datazones nationally for living domains. None of the constituencies in Khomas environment deprivation. For the other domains are in the most deprived 10 percent nationally in (and also for Windhoek Rural) the percentage is terms of material deprivation or for employment much lower than this. deprivation. Windhoek Rural does not have Table 3: Percentage of datazones in most deprived 10% of datazones in the Khomas Region

Number of Material Employment Health Education Living env. Constituency datazones deprivation deprivation deprivation deprivation deprivation

Katutura Central 21 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Katutura East 18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Khomasdal North 27 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Moses ||Garoëb 29 0.0 0.0 3.4 6.9 24.1 Samora Machel 31 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Soweto 16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tobias Hainyeko 32 0.0 0.0 3.1 3.1 25.0 Windhoek East 18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Windhoek Rural 22 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 0.0 Windhoek West 38 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Table 4 shows the percentage of each constituency’s in the most deprived 10 percent for three of the within Khomas datazones that are in the most deprived 10 percent domains: health, education and living environment. of datazones for each domain. Moses Windhoek East and Windhoek West do not have any ||Garoëb, Samora Machel and Tobias Hainyeko datazones in the most deprived 10 percent on any are the only constituencies that have at least one domain. 46 percent of Windhoek Rural’s datazones datazone in the most deprived 10 percent for each are in the most deprived 10 percent in terms of domain. Moses ||Garoëb has fewer datazones in the education deprivation, the highest percentage most deprived 10 percentin terms of employment of any constituency. Soweto does not have any deprivation than the other domains of deprivation, datazones in the most deprived 10 percent for four whereas Tobias Hainyeko has fewer datazones in of the �ive domains, however a quarter of Soweto’s the most deprived 10 percent in terms of health datazones are in the most deprived datazone in deprivation. Samora Machel has just one datazone terms of health deprivation.

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 23 Table 4: Percentage of datazones in most deprived 10% of datazones in the Khomas Region

Constituency Number of Material Employment Health Education Living env. datazones deprivation deprivation deprivation deprivation deprivation

Katutura Central 21 0.0 23.8 14.3 0.0 0.0 Katutura East 18 0.0 5.6 11.1 0.0 0.0 Khomasdal North 27 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 Moses ||Garoëb 29 24.1 17.2 41.4 31.0 34.5 Samora Machel 31 16.1 19.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 Soweto 16 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 Tobias Hainyeko 32 34.4 15.6 6.3 15.6 40.6 Windhoek East 18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Windhoek Rural 22 9.1 13.6 0.0 45.5 4.5 Windhoek West 38 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

The following maps present each of the �ive domains at datazone level for Khomas and for the Windhoek area. As with Maps 1 and 2, the lightest shading relates to the least deprived datazones. It is intended that these maps should provide accessible pro�iles of the domains of deprivation in Some datazones do the Khomas Region. not have a score for the overall NIMD or separate domains and are therefore shaded in grey. Using Google Earth Historical Imagery it was possible to investigate these datazones and con�irm that they did not have anyone living in them in 2001

24 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region Map 3

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 25 26 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 27 28 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 29 30 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 31 32 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 33 34 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region SECTION 5: CONCLUSIONS AND SOME POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

The analysis presented in this report has identi�ied particular areas – both datazones and constituencies – where deprivation is high relative to other areas in Khomas region. This analysis can support pro-poor policy formulation processes and programmatic interventions in many ways. By providing reliable and objective There are many ways information on, and pro�iling the distribution of, multiple deprivation and the distribution of on which the NIMD the individual domains of deprivation across the region, the analysis presented in this report can pro�iles presented in this provide planners; policy and decision makers at report can support the regional level with the evidence base on which to plan and make decisions regarding resource pro-poor policy allocation and the geographic areas (constituencies and datazones) and sectors in which to prioritise formulation public investments, government support and service delivery. �peci�ically, the analysis can be processes and useful in the following ways: Temporal analysis of nature, scope and effects of pragrammatic poverty reduction programmes interventions. By : By describing the geographical distribution and extent of individual providing reliable dimensions of deprivation and overall multiple deprivation at constituency and datazone levels, and objective this report provides a baseline map of deprivation against which progress in poverty reduction in information these areas can be measured over time, that is between successive censuses (2001 and 2011 on, and pro�iling the censusses). The NIMD is based on data relating to distribution of multiple 2001 time- line and signi�icant changes may have taken place since then. It will thus be necessary to deprivation and the conduct further analyses using the 2011 Census data and information in order to shed light on individual domains of the extent to which changes have occurred in the Interrogating the causes of inequality region and possible reasons for any noted changes. deprivation across : The report could be used by the regional authorities to initiate the country the process of interrogating the causal factors of such wide inter- and intra-constituency (datazone level) variations with respect to speci�ic domains

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 35 and the overall combined and weighted index of domain, and not all areas show a uniform degree deprivation. of deprivation across the domains. This should be Better planning and targeting of development taken into account when selecting a measure of resources: deprivation to use as it is important to choose the Regional Councils have two distinct most appropriate measure for the particular policy sources of development revenue – transfers purpose. from central government and locally generated resources. The NIMD allows for better planning It should be noted however, that the NIMD, as relative for and targeting of such resources on the basis presented in this report, provides a pro�ile of of relative deprivation to the datazone level. deprivation in Khomas region and even �riorities can then be identi�ied at the constituency the least deprived areas, such as Windhoek East and datazone levels that could be addressed constituency, contain pockets of deprivation. through integrated development approaches. They are simply less deprived than other areas Importantly, funds could be targeted to and ring- with higher levels of deprivation such as Moses fenced for those sectors/domains in which speci�ic //Garoeb and Tobias Hainyeko constituencies. As constituencies and datazones are particularly such, spatially targeted policy initiatives should deprived or to the most deprived constituencies be regarded as a complement to, rather than a and datazones within a constituency. It is also substitution for, mainstream pro-poor policies and conceivable that constituencies and datazones strategies that the Regional Council and National characterised by severe multiple deprivation could Government are already implementing in Khomas be targeted for integrated development projects region. and programmes. The most deprived areas vary by

36 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region ANNEX 1: INDICATORS INCLUDED IN THE NIMD 2001

Material Deprivation Domain

Numerator • Number of people living in a household with no access to a television or a radio; or • Number of people living in a household with no access to a telephone/cell phone Denominator Total population

Employment Deprivation Domain

Numerator • Number of people aged 15-59 who are unemployed Denominator Total economically active population aged 15-59 inclusive

Health Deprivation Domain Numerator • Years of potential life lost

Education Deprivation Domain Numerator • Number of 15-59 year olds (inclusive) with no schooling completed at secondary level or above; or • Number of 15-59 year olds (inclusive) who are illiterate Denominator Population aged 15-59 (inclusive)

Living Environment Deprivation Domain Numerator

• Number of people living in a household without the use of electricity� paraf�in or solar power for lighting; or • Number of people living in a household without access to a �lush toilet or pit latrine (ventilated or long drop); or • Number of people living in a household without piped water/borehole/borehole with covered tank (but not open tank)/protected well inside their dwelling or yard or within 200 metres; or • Number of people living in a household that is a shack; or • Number of people living in a household with three or more people per room Denominator Total population

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 37 ANNEX 2: THE SHRINKAGE TECHNIQUE4

This table presents the scores and ranks for every datazone in Khomas for the �ive domains and the overall NIMD. For all domains except health the score is calculated as a rate. So for example, 65.1% of the population in datazone 547 in Tobias Hainyeko constituency experienced material deprivation in 2001. Health is expressed as the years of potential life lost (a measure of premature mortality) in that datazone, and a higher score indicates greater health deprivation. The within Khomas ranks are shown for each datazone (where 1=most deprived).

38 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region rank NIMD score NIMD 5 211.5 15 4 227.53 230.1 13 12 6 199.9 20 9 204.08 260.1 18 3 1 234.7 9 36 142.319 167.0 56 36 50 133.4 63 35 156.7 49 57 163.3 39 52 119.4 78 10 239.931 181.6 8 23 32 162.025 163.6 40 37 16 240.0 7 22 175.5 29 48 203.1 19 89 98.0 94 34 183.033 180.9 21 26 30 131.4 64 23 173.8 30 42 121.6 75 63 121.0 76 125 86.9 109 120 69.3 132 250 33.7 196 160 53.4 164 rank Living Living deprivation deprivation environment environment 3.2 96.8 99.7 92.9 96.9 87.3 99.9 49.2 92.0 99.9 99.9 99.9 98.2 98.0 99.0 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.4 94.2 49.8 61.6 97.4 97.8 98.2 99.3 95.4 82.6 99.9 37.5 score Living Living deprivation deprivation environment environment 9 4 6 59 47 60 40 24 78 63 39 36 45 34 69 29 49 43 12 41 38 92 46 80 53 35 149 127 123 121 164 rank Education Education deprivation 68.3 70.3 68.3 71.4 73.8 65.7 51.2 68.1 77.8 80.8 71.4 71.6 70.5 71.6 78.6 67.4 72.5 70.0 71.1 76.0 56.0 71.4 71.5 62.9 70.3 65.3 57.1 69.0 71.6 57.7 47.3 score Education Education deprivation deprivation 2 70 37 61 56 96 67 47 58 43 66 93 60 33 28 21 50 71 51 163 154 152 122 133 109 233 213 168 174 241 138 rank Health deprivation deprivation 0.0 28.9 77.5 398.5 181.2 196.6 199.3 561.7 434.4 463.7 349.9 402.8 262.6 243.2 493.2 460.1 301.5 517.4 408.2 353.1 437.1 609.0 661.4 799.5 171.9 480.0 164.4 396.2 479.1 233.4 score Health deprivation deprivation 2 78 35 19 47 24 30 66 16 74 33 68 1280.9 42 52 28 89 44 21 71 54 109 173 120 113 161 105 193 134 111 160 143 rank deprivation Employment Employment 36.6 42.5 45.9 40.8 44.2 43.0 38.2 32.7 21.6 31.9 46.7 32.5 24.3 37.2 42.9 37.9 32.8 17.9 41.2 55.2 30.2 40.0 43.6 35.6 32.6 41.1 45.0 37.5 24.8 39.7 28.7 score deprivation deprivation Employment Employment 2 5 7 4 6 9 44 48 46 15 86 35 66 67 25 13 49 38 23 41 40 29 85 12 96 33 101 182 123 189 135 rank Material Material deprivation 65.1 63.8 64.8 80.8 49.8 71.2 43.3 58.1 90.8 57.4 74.6 81.4 86.7 63.8 67.8 84.3 75.5 87.9 65.7 66.3 18.6 72.6 85.9 36.3 51.0 83.6 82.0 46.8 16.8 71.7 31.6 score Material Material deprivation deprivation 547548 Hainyeko Tobias Hainyeko Tobias 549 Hainyeko Tobias 552 Hainyeko Tobias 550551 Hainyeko Tobias Hainyeko Tobias Datazone Constituency 553 Hainyeko Tobias 554 Hainyeko Tobias 556 Hainyeko Tobias 558 Hainyeko Tobias 555 Hainyeko Tobias 557 Hainyeko Tobias 563564 Hainyeko Tobias Hainyeko Tobias 560561 Hainyeko Tobias 562 Hainyeko Tobias Hainyeko Tobias 559 Hainyeko Tobias 565566 Hainyeko Tobias Hainyeko Tobias 567 Hainyeko Tobias 568569 Hainyeko Tobias 570 Hainyeko Tobias Hainyeko Tobias 571 Hainyeko Tobias 572573 Hainyeko Tobias Hainyeko Tobias 575576 Hainyeko Tobias Hainyeko Tobias 574 Hainyeko Tobias 577 Hainyeko Tobias

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 39 78 87.7 106 79 123.3 74 93 124.9 70 97 140.3 59 91 117.4 79 85 161.2 42 98 90.4 100 184 62.7 142 136 151.0 51 126 112.1105 112.9 83 82 134 69.9 130 121 105.1122 87.3 88 107 118 82.1 116 115 85.3 113 141 89.9 102 116 96.6 95 150 104.6 89 152 41.4 183 174 55.0 159 117 71.9 125 104 80.8 118 114 158.2 47 132 60.4 148 145139 66.6 59.9 135 151 164 87.1 108 143 80.1 120 129 98.1 93 140 62.7 143 112 85.4 112 30.2 45.9 72.0 48.9 54.0 46.3 49.7 49.6 50.2 50.8 44.1 50.5 40.7 71.6 58.3 40.2 32.8 50.2 54.3 51.0 46.9 56.9 42.9 44.1 36.5 43.1 48.0 60.5 63.8 44.1 56.9 52.4 55 77 62 76 96 82 37 90 99 97 70 61 81 95 144 109 107 105 114 115 118 100 108 137 128 131 119 125 181 140 160 113 52.4 68.8 65.8 68.2 66.0 60.0 60.5 62.0 61.0 59.4 59.1 58.2 61.8 65.0 60.4 54.0 55.6 55.1 58.1 71.5 57.0 63.2 43.4 53.0 48.2 61.8 61.9 67.3 68.3 59.5 65.2 62.5 5 68 23 64 87 29 52 72 49 99 59 82 78 12 24 41 46 79 83 94 116 195 151 135 178 140 203 162 112 189 192 173 402.7 730.1 273.9 420.4 372.7 117.8 658.3 475.9 206.8 396.1 489.1 325.0 450.3 383.0 240.5 156.4 228.7 100.7 389.6 952.4 183.1 286.4 128.0 711.8 523.6 506.3 387.4 380.8 123.9 166.0 352.2 9 1 6 26 95 79 27 94 49 91 67 25 18 55 62 59 51 56 50 36 41 77 1088.6 46 60 64 132 182 138 207 141 110 108 30.5 44.0 34.0 43.7 36.4 34.1 40.5 20.1 35.4 29.5 38.0 44.1 46.0 48.1 62.7 14.5 29.0 39.5 32.6 38.8 38.9 49.3 40.1 39.3 40.5 32.7 42.5 41.9 36.8 40.9 38.9 38.3 37 79 78 76 74 90 57 52 62 99 59 39 82 91 50 94 71 58 84 175 147 115 109 141 104 241 190 180 127 201 216 146 3.1 8.0 20.0 68.0 53.3 27.7 53.8 54.6 55.3 47.8 61.1 63.2 39.9 59.5 45.0 60.1 67.3 41.6 29.7 51.3 47.6 42.2 63.4 16.7 18.7 33.9 46.9 13.4 55.6 60.8 51.0 27.8 Katutura C. Katutura C. Katutura Katutura C. Katutura Katutura C. Katutura C. Katutura Katutura C. Katutura Katutura C. Katutura Katutura C. Katutura Katutura C. Katutura Katutura C. Katutura Katutura C. Katutura Katutura C. Katutura Katutura C. Katutura Katutura C. Katutura Katutura C. Katutura Katutura C. Katutura Katutura C. Katutura Katutura C. Katutura Katutura E. Katutura Katutura E. Katutura Katutura E. Katutura E. Katutura Katutura E. Katutura Katutura E. Katutura Katutura E. Katutura Katutura E. Katutura Katutura E. Katutura 578 Hainyeko Tobias 579 C. Katutura 580 C. Katutura 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 C. Katutura 600 E. Katutura 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609

40 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 88 151.7 50 90 54.9 160 108 101.4 90 151 59.0 153 183 43.6 177 209 62.4 144 210 52.8 166 111 44.7 174 102 94.1 97 188 39.7 186 187 150.0 52 181 42.8 181 165 32.2 198 171 42.4 182 197 32.7 197 190 34.7 195 179 39.3 189 196 31.2 201 170 38.6 190 219 37.4 191 138 57.7 156 202 52.2 167 148 43.5 179 144 43.6 176 103 61.4 145 213 36.9 192 243 22.4 224 166 39.3 188 133 66.3 137 106 56.4 157 153 43.6 178 5.5 53.2 40.7 30.2 17.1 16.1 52.5 54.4 25.9 62.5 29.2 30.7 36.4 35.0 21.7 24.8 31.2 22.2 35.2 12.6 44.4 20.6 41.6 43.1 61.4 54.3 15.6 35.4 46.7 54.0 39.6 57 93 91 28 156 183 169 157 148 179 180 185 172 154 170 184 202 186 199 178 208 175 161 167 177 210 196 165 153 134 135 68.6 49.3 41.9 46.3 49.0 51.2 62.7 43.8 63.0 72.5 43.4 41.6 45.9 50.1 46.2 41.7 30.6 40.8 32.9 44.2 28.2 44.4 48.1 46.7 44.2 27.4 34.1 47.3 50.1 54.5 54.3 6 7 91 57 62 54 90 191 107 214 164 218 220 147 216 185 190 241 118 172 204 148 215 241 186 110 234 166 127 177 236 0.0 0.0 75.9 72.2 65.3 74.3 94.7 75.8 20.8 15.1 124.1 308.7 358.1 177.0 460.2 215.2 137.9 126.2 270.6 168.4 213.5 432.4 467.7 132.5 362.5 297.1 175.4 253.8 158.6 53 97 63 20 1070.9 72 144 101 107 170 152 153 1063.8 185 175 162 200 148 205 183 165 167 172 190 151 146 159 147 184 194 181 117 157 40.0 28.6 33.7 33.4 32.7 22.5 38.4 26.9 45.2 26.7 19.9 21.2 24.0 16.6 28.0 15.2 20.0 23.9 22.7 21.6 18.3 27.0 28.2 25.4 28.2 19.9 17.7 20.2 37.3 32.3 26.1 80 83 93 133 198 148 132 116 137 142 103 126 184 139 167 194 164 200 149 178 166 161 131 125 159 215 193 163 144 158 128 8.8 52.2 32.6 14.3 27.7 32.7 39.6 29.2 31.2 51.0 42.3 34.9 18.3 30.4 23.4 15.9 24.5 13.6 27.5 19.4 23.7 25.3 32.9 34.9 47.1 25.5 16.0 24.6 28.4 25.8 33.8 Katutura E. Katutura Katutura E. Katutura Katutura E. Katutura Katutura E. Katutura Katutura E. Katutura Katutura E. Katutura Katutura E. Katutura Katutura E. Katutura Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 Khomasdal N. 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 41 99 73.8 122 51 141.3 58 71 105.9 87 40 147.3 53 28 180.9 25 76 124.4 71 27 170.6 33 18 181.8 22 81 111.6 84 39 143.1 55 96 88.8 104 149 85.5 111 159192 90.0 59.1 101 152 124 58.9 154 155156 89.3 99.8 103 91 154 60.1 150 135168 69.7 47.9 131 172 123 66.7 134 142176 61.2167 52.1 146 51.9 168 169 110 71.0 127 128 124.0162 58.4 73 155 189 54.5 162 157158 70.8 71.7 128 126 119 51.0 170 41.6 56.1 37.8 24.6 49.2 39.1 38.9 39.5 46.1 35.2 49.5 43.7 32.0 35.4 52.7 48.1 37.2 25.2 38.6 38.4 92.3 75.6 95.8 98.4 73.1 98.6 99.7 70.0 96.2 49.9 58.0 66 87 64 10 52 51 42 75 98 132 166 171 152 110 147 150 129 138 145 141 155 191 192 136 158 173 146 139 130 101 162 54.6 46.8 45.9 50.3 59.8 51.8 51.1 55.4 53.6 52.3 52.9 49.3 36.8 35.3 54.1 48.8 45.6 52.2 53.5 55.3 67.6 63.9 68.0 76.6 69.0 69.1 71.3 61.7 66.2 47.9 61.9 8 32 17 39 25 20 42 69 74 31 34 106 157 128 149 183 202 117 101 124 129 146 100 104 144 167 184 105 180 205 241 0.0 94.3 624.4 863.7 538.2 311.5 701.7 812.8 195.3 250.2 211.6 142.5 102.4 271.1 317.3 521.3 259.9 249.2 216.3 321.4 401.0 313.9 219.3 393.4 174.4 139.1 313.4 154.1 635.4 608.0 4 82 99 75 61 48 1053.0 96 80 37 38 13 69 11 17 15 87 85 125 119 127 131 155 115 169 156 130 145 176 103 129 114 31.3 32.0 31.3 30.7 26.4 32.4 36.1 22.5 26.3 37.1 33.5 30.7 28.4 38.8 21.2 40.5 33.2 33.8 36.4 30.9 42.4 42.3 47.6 37.8 48.0 46.5 47.2 35.6 52.0 35.7 32.5 87 92 18 43 73 14 54 21 26 77 19 120 230 192 130 107 105 170 106 110 174 186 156 151 121 143 173 124 113 157 210 4.3 37.4 16.1 33.2 49.5 41.8 42.0 47.2 22.6 41.9 41.2 20.2 17.5 26.0 27.2 37.3 28.6 20.4 35.8 40.4 79.9 65.5 55.4 80.9 62.8 78.1 74.3 54.1 78.8 26.0 10.8 Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. Khomasdal N. 641 642 643 644 645646 Soweto Soweto 647648 Soweto Soweto 649650 Soweto Soweto 651652 Soweto Soweto 653654 Soweto 655 Soweto Soweto 656 Soweto 657658 Soweto Soweto 659 Soweto 660661 Soweto Machel Samora 662 Machel Samora 663 Machel Samora 664 Machel Samora 665 Machel Samora 666 Machel Samora 667 Machel Samora 668 Machel Samora 669 Machel Samora 670 Machel Samora 671 Machel Samora

42 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 86 69.0 133 95 95.7 96 92 64.1 140 44 133.8 62 41 181.5 24 56 99.6 92 45 124.2 72 64 141.4 57 77 83.1 115 100 72.4 124 130 65.9 138 101 63.2 141 163 53.9 163 185 40.0 185 146 53.1 165 107 66.4 136 137 80.5 119 147 70.0 129 109 64.3 139 161 56.0 158 229 6.8 248 245 6.9 247 248 6.7 249 251 9.8 245 240 17.0 232 221 26.8 212 198 15.6 235 247 14.3 236 232 6.2 250 230 21.9 226 246 5.0 251 9.1 5.0 3.9 2.5 5.8 4.5 8.7 8.9 5.0 55.9 47.4 55.7 63.7 36.7 29.9 58.3 42.1 53.3 45.7 58.9 41.7 53.1 37.2 94.8 95.6 89.9 94.4 82.5 72.5 12.0 21.6 88 58 32 67 85 86 83 168 122 117 189 197 104 142 120 151 103 112 106 163 250 249 246 247 233 223 224 241 251 242 245 46.6 57.1 58.4 63.9 37.9 32.9 61.1 52.9 57.8 50.4 61.3 59.7 60.7 47.8 68.4 71.8 67.6 64.8 64.6 65.0 10.3 10.6 11.8 11.6 16.6 21.9 21.5 14.1 10.1 14.0 12.0 86 73 35 44 97 98 55 38 14 160 208 176 217 170 161 181 143 103 141 198 225 228 227 197 136 111 230 240 241 115 241 6.3 0.0 0.0 89.3 73.8 54.3 44.4 46.5 39.1 374.4 184.7 159.0 393.5 582.7 169.2 183.6 514.4 147.9 339.3 223.6 331.8 314.2 466.2 226.2 538.2 927.8 114.7 116.5 236.7 293.6 278.6 86 81 70 76 90 57 10 98 116 139 142 164 122 100 112 136 135 163 121 123 249 247 251 248 250 229 225 204 244 243 246 4.3 4.8 3.7 4.6 3.9 9.8 6.3 6.4 5.0 32.3 35.6 29.4 28.8 23.9 31.8 36.4 33.5 37.7 36.9 32.6 35.5 29.9 30.0 39.0 48.1 23.9 33.6 31.8 31.4 11.0 15.2 72 53 16 65 70 45 68 112 119 122 176 195 153 191 162 165 154 187 138 188 250 237 228 242 238 222 218 233 249 229 247 1.9 3.5 4.9 2.7 3.5 6.5 7.9 4.0 1.9 4.4 2.1 40.7 37.8 55.5 36.9 19.9 15.2 27.2 16.5 25.0 23.9 26.3 17.4 30.5 17.1 63.1 80.4 58.3 56.3 65.0 57.3 Windhoek E. Windhoek E. Windhoek E. Windhoek E. Windhoek E. Windhoek E. Windhoek E. Windhoek E. Windhoek E. Windhoek E. 672 Machel Samora 673 Machel Samora 674 Machel Samora 675 Machel Samora 676 Machel Samora 677 Machel Samora 678 Machel Samora 679 Machel Samora 680 Machel Samora 681 Machel Samora 682 Machel Samora 683 Machel Samora 684 Machel Samora 685 Machel Samora 686 Machel Samora 687 Machel Samora 688 Machel Samora 689 Machel Samora 690 Machel Samora 691 Machel Samora 692 Windhoek E. 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 43 24 226.665 116.8 14 80 75 170.6 32 74 81.7 117 68 93.5 98 47 210.1 16 54 157.4 48 69 170.658 173.0 34 31 84 60.9 147 60 110.3 85 59 91.8 99 66 125.9 67 6753 77.8 120.455 136.4 121 61 127.1 77 61 65 193 28.5 208 233169 11.4 23.4 242 221 211 25.2 216 180 24.5 217 215 11.1 243 252242 4.9238 8.2 12.4 252 246 241 113 54.8 161 186 60.3 149 218 18.4 230 199 30.9 202 224 28.5 209 182 31.5 200 206 43.3 180 8.3 2.2 5.7 6.2 24.3 35.2 15.9 30.9 14.8 99.3 81.5 73.1 73.9 78.4 94.2 90.2 77.5 85.8 66.4 84.7 51.3 85.6 80.4 79.9 91.0 90.1 83.2 29.3 12.6 20.7 10.1 30.5 17.9 3 7 1 8 11 15 44 31 30 33 19 50 18 21 17 235 239 211 213 159 236 252 248 244 102 126 133 214 227 174 207 195 188 9.8 15.9 14.9 27.0 24.5 48.5 15.6 11.4 12.8 81.2 76.2 78.4 61.7 74.9 82.9 78.0 70.8 72.0 56.3 72.4 54.6 71.7 74.3 69.7 74.5 74.1 74.6 24.3 19.4 44.8 28.9 34.3 39.7 26 81 89 30 53 65 27 88 169 237 196 199 241 231 239 219 209 207 114 120 212 232 142 102 238 126 241 235 123 159 206 150 194 0.0 0.0 13.9 35.8 10.8 70.7 88.8 90.4 79.0 29.2 13.3 16.7 94.0 171.3 117.2 113.9 695.4 281.0 267.4 385.3 369.8 635.4 473.0 224.4 316.4 258.8 418.1 260.4 682.5 191.2 211.1 118.6 370.6 8 7 92 12 32 192 233 217 202 242 235 252 245 231 158 118 212 137 179 188 214 178 106 174 154 203 168 218 240 206 198 187 196 9.0 6.9 8.4 3.5 6.1 9.5 7.3 17.9 12.6 15.7 35.0 26.0 48.4 32.1 13.7 48.0 29.8 42.9 49.0 20.4 19.4 13.4 20.7 32.7 21.3 26.5 15.2 22.6 12.5 14.8 16.6 19.6 17.2 8 61 98 55 95 34 56 17 36 60 88 63 30 47 206 214 209 181 118 235 240 252 245 140 108 100 134 172 223 129 211 179 185 8.8 3.8 3.1 1.2 2.2 6.4 12.0 10.9 18.7 39.0 59.8 45.8 61.9 46.8 29.8 71.6 61.5 84.0 80.1 71.1 59.8 48.5 41.7 44.7 32.3 59.0 72.4 64.8 20.4 33.7 10.4 19.0 18.2 Windhoek E. Windhoek E. Windhoek E. Windhoek E. Windhoek E. Windhoek E. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. Windhoek R. 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 Windhoek E. 710711 Windhoek R. 712 Windhoek R. Windhoek R. 713714 Windhoek R. 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 Windhoek W. 733 Windhoek W. 734 Windhoek W. 735 Windhoek W.

44 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 249 17.5 231 216 36.2 194 208 27.1 211 200 24.0 219 175 30.6 204 195 36.9 193 225 20.1 227 194 31.8 199 234 41.2 184 207 26.4 213 177 44.0 175 212 29.7 205 201 30.9 203 191 48.6 171 231 18.4 229 228 16.0 234 205 27.8 210 226 10.9 244 217 29.0 206 214 25.5 214 236 14.0 237 178 28.5 207 227 16.3 233 241 13.5 238 220 22.7 222 244 22.6 223 173 22.0 225 239 18.6 228 237 24.0 220 235 12.7 240 223 13.2 239 3.4 9.7 7.8 8.8 9.2 9.4 6.9 9.2 5.7 5.3 6.0 6.8 7.8 14.0 17.2 20.7 32.6 22.6 23.0 17.8 31.9 15.8 20.6 24.6 18.3 13.7 15.1 31.2 12.4 33.3 10.7 216 217 212 209 187 231 230 193 221 201 190 200 206 203 226 243 222 205 215 220 240 182 232 238 229 218 194 237 225 228 234 23.6 23.1 26.5 27.6 40.6 17.7 17.7 34.6 22.2 30.9 37.2 31.9 29.2 30.6 20.5 13.1 22.0 29.7 23.7 22.4 14.8 42.7 17.6 15.1 18.7 22.5 34.5 15.5 21.2 18.8 16.1 80 75 84 223 182 175 224 145 200 153 134 119 121 113 179 210 171 229 131 130 187 241 165 211 139 125 226 193 132 221 241 0.0 0.0 57.4 57.0 87.2 41.7 83.1 47.9 64.4 387.1 143.4 163.6 392.8 216.6 112.1 380.7 198.1 241.4 270.4 266.3 284.5 156.1 169.1 247.3 248.9 131.8 176.4 229.1 259.3 122.8 246.1 197 213 189 219 191 232 234 166 180 209 171 222 215 150 226 211 210 236 199 220 241 186 239 223 230 237 216 208 224 228 227 9.4 8.8 8.1 7.1 7.3 9.8 8.1 17.1 13.6 18.3 12.2 18.1 22.9 20.4 14.0 21.6 11.5 13.1 27.1 10.6 13.7 13.7 16.6 12.0 19.8 11.1 12.7 14.2 11.0 10.2 10.4 251 220 212 204 160 183 231 203 208 219 150 205 207 168 224 246 169 248 244 239 226 171 234 243 221 225 197 236 227 232 199 1.7 7.1 4.1 7.2 6.2 2.2 2.0 2.6 3.1 5.8 4.0 2.7 7.0 6.0 3.7 5.6 4.1 10.2 12.7 25.4 18.5 12.8 11.3 27.4 12.4 12.0 23.3 22.9 22.1 14.4 13.9 736 Windhoek W. 737 Windhoek W. 738 Windhoek W. 739 Windhoek W. 740 Windhoek W. 741 Windhoek W. 743 Windhoek W. 744 Windhoek W. 745 Windhoek W. 746 Windhoek W. 747 Windhoek W. 748 Windhoek W. 749 Windhoek W. 750 Windhoek W. 751 Windhoek W. 752 Windhoek W. 753 Windhoek W. 754 Windhoek W. 755 Windhoek W. 756 Windhoek W. 757 Windhoek W. 758 Windhoek W. 759 Windhoek W. 760 Windhoek W. 761 Windhoek W. 762 Windhoek W. 763 Windhoek W. 765 Windhoek W. 766 Windhoek W. 767 Windhoek W. 768 Windhoek W.

Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region 45 2 268.6 2 7 252.4 4 49 126.7 66 12 230.9 11 7021 86.0 161.920 160.7 110 83 179.6 41 44 27 11 300.28013 88.3 231.015 1 247.8 105 26 206.8 10 5 17 72 145.873 158.937 179.0 54 62 125.6 46 28 69 14 242.2 6 87 108.638 159.129 163.5 86 82 125.9 45 43 115.7 38 68 81 46 161.1 43 17 169.9 35 94 138.0 60 203 24.2 218 222 39.4 187 172 25.2 215 127131 83.4 73.8 114 123 204 47.1 173 19.3 10.7 93.5 99.9 34.9 76.4 99.5 99.7 66.7 99.9 70.2 99.9 99.9 98.9 48.1 47.4 74.6 74.4 96.7 83.0 99.9 63.6 96.3 98.2 67.4 95.4 99.9 94.4 99.9 19.2 99.8 58.3 5 2 72 13 48 73 54 84 25 20 56 89 71 22 74 23 68 94 65 26 79 14 27 16 204 219 198 116 143 124 176 111 30.1 22.5 32.9 66.5 58.7 75.8 80.7 70.2 66.4 69.0 52.6 57.1 64.9 73.7 74.3 68.7 63.2 67.0 74.0 66.4 82.8 73.9 44.2 67.6 62.6 67.7 73.5 65.7 75.3 72.8 74.6 59.8 1 9 3 4 45 40 85 36 13 92 19 95 76 15 18 48 16 77 10 63 22 11 241 222 137 108 158 155 201 188 156 241 0.0 0.0 59.4 510.1 523.7 380.2 571.2 934.3 356.5 826.8 350.5 235.8 392.3 303.6 899.4 852.2 192.2 490.0 876.9 390.0 422.4 763.6 196.4 111.6 129.4 982.6 196.2 5 3 43 45 34 2365 1437.1 14 5829 1037.8 1111.9 31 22 84 73 88 93 83 40 1010.9 39 1099.2 177 238 195 128 149 133 102 126 104 201 124 140 221 8.1 21.1 17.7 41.1 41.0 31.2 42.6 27.9 30.4 44.8 38.3 33.3 31.3 47.5 39.0 43.5 52.9 43.0 33.1 44.9 35.9 37.2 15.9 35.6 31.4 49.7 34.5 36.0 41.9 29.3 11.8 42.1 3 1 32 10 24 81 69 20 75 51 22 42 64 97 11 27 28 89 31 202 217 213 155 196 177 145 136 117 111 102 152 114 7.9 9.2 13.3 26.0 14.6 71.8 82.6 75.2 19.4 28.4 52.1 57.0 31.3 78.8 39.2 55.1 41.0 63.2 42.5 77.9 65.5 58.8 27.2 45.9 89.8 82.4 74.1 72.8 47.9 72.2 93.1 40.3 769 Windhoek W. 770 Windhoek W. 771 Windhoek W. 772773 Moses ||Garoëb Moses ||Garoëb 789790 Moses ||Garoëb Moses ||Garoëb 774775 Moses ||Garoëb 776 Moses ||Garoëb 777 Moses ||Garoëb 778 Moses ||Garoëb Moses ||Garoëb 791792 Moses ||Garoëb 793 Moses ||Garoëb 794 Moses ||Garoëb 795 Moses ||Garoëb Moses ||Garoëb 785786 Moses ||Garoëb 787 Moses ||Garoëb 788 Moses ||Garoëb Moses ||Garoëb 797798 Moses ||Garoëb Moses ||Garoëb 779780 Moses ||Garoëb 781 Moses ||Garoëb 782 Moses ||Garoëb 783 Moses ||Garoëb 784 Moses ||Garoëb Moses ||Garoëb 796 Moses ||Garoëb 799 Moses ||Garoëb 800 Moses ||Garoëb

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48 Datazone level Namibian Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 - Khomas Region Disclaimer

This Report is an independent publication commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme at the request of the Government of Republic of Namibia. The analysis and policy recommendations contained in this report however, do not necessarily re�lect the views of the Government of the Republic of Namibia or the United Nations Development Programme or its Executive Board.

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Empowered lives.

Resilient nations.

Khomas Report