1934 Washington, Friday, July 6, 1956 TITLE 3—THE PRESIDENT

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

1934 Washington, Friday, July 6, 1956 TITLE 3—THE PRESIDENT ^UTTEBxt ^ "'»•"A I l i ^ ^ 1934 VOLUME 21 NUMBER 130 * ^ a/j t e d ^ Washington, Friday, July 6, 1956 TITLE 3— THE PRESIDENT Proclamation No. 2450 of December 19, CONTENTS 1940, and do hereby further modify the PROCLAMATION 3145 said Proclamation No. 2351 of September THE PRESIDENT 5, 1939, so that (1) the quota year for Modification of R estrictions on cotton having a staple length of lYa Proclamations Paee Imports of Long-S taple Cotton inches or more shall hereafter commence Modification of restrictions on BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES on August 1, and (2) the quantity of such imports of long-staple cotton- 4995 OF AMERICA cotton which may be entered or with­ Modifying Proclamation - No. drawn from warehouse for consumption 3140 carrying out the Sixth A PROCLAMATION during the period May 28, 1956, to July Protocol of supplementary WHEREAS, pursuant to section 22 of 31, 1956, inclusive, together with the concessions to the General the Agricultural Adjustment Act, as quantity of cotton having a staple length Agreement on Tariffs and amended (7 U. S. C. 624), the President of 1 Va inches or more but less than l l1At Trade___________________- 4995 issued a proclamation on September 5, inches which was entered or withdrawn 1939 (No. 2351; 54 Stat. 2640), limiting from warehouse for consumption during EXECUTIVE AGENCIES imports of cotton having a staple length the period February 1, 1956, to May 27, Agricultural Conservation Pro­ of lYo inches or more to an annual quota 1956, inclusive, shall not exceed 22,- of 45,656,420 pounds, which proclamation 828,210 pounds. gram Service was amended by Proclamation No. 2450 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have here­ Rules and regulations: of December 19, 1940 (54 Stat. 2769), unto set my hand and caused the Seal Vegetative cover for green ma­ suspending the quota on cotton having of the United States of America to be nure and protection from a staple length of l xiA& inches or more, affixed. erosion: and by Proclamation No. 2856 of Sep­ DONE at the City of Washington this 1955 ____ L-_____________ 4998 tember 3, 1949 (14 P. R. 5517), changing twenty-ninth day of June in the year 1956 ______________ _______ 4999 the opening date from September 20 to of our Lord nineteen hundred Agricultural Marketing Service February 1 for the annual quota for cot­ [seal] and fifty-six, and of the Inde­ Rules and regulations: ton having a staple length of 1 Va inches pendence of the United States Pears, Bartlett, fresh; grown in or more but less than DVie inches; of America the one hundred and California; regulation by WHEREAS section 202 (a) of the Agri­ eightieth. grades and sizes---------------- 4998 cultural Act of 1956 (Public Law 540, D wight D. E isenhower Tobacco markets, designation of; 84th Congress), approved May 28, 1956, By the President: Swainsboro and Thomasville, provides as follows: Ga., and Madison, Fla —_ 4998 H erbert H oover, Jr., Sec. 202 (a). Hereafter the quota for cot­ Acting Secretary of State. Agriculture Department ton having a staple length of one and one- See Agricultural Conservation eighth inches or more, established September [P. R. Doc. 56-5410; Piled, July 5, 1956; Program Service; Agricultural 20, 1930, pursuant to section 22 of the Agri­ 11:07 a. m.] cultural Adjustment Act of 1933, as amended, Marketing Service ; Farmers shall apply to the same grades and staple Home Administration. lengths included in the quota when such Air Force Department quota was initially established. Such quota shall provide for cotton having a staple PROCLAMATION 3146 Rules and regulations: length of one and eleven sixteenths inches Enlisted Reserve; voluntary en­ and longer, and shall establish dates for the Modifying P roclamation No. 3140 try on extended active duty— 5014 quota year which will recognize and permit Carrying Out the Sixth P rotocol of Atomic Energy Commission entry to conform to normal marketing prac­ S upplementary Concessions to the Notices : tices and requirements for such cotton. G eneral Agreement on T ariffs and State College of Washington; WHEREAS I find and declare that the T rade application for utilization fa­ termination of the said Proclamation No. BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES cility license---------------------- 5019 2450 of December 19,1940, and the modi­ OF AMERICA fications hereinafter indicated of the Civil Aeronautics Board said Proclamation No. 2351 of September A PROCLAMATION Rules and regulations : 5, 1939, are necessary in order to carry WHEREAS by Proclamation No. 3140 Certification and operation rules out the provisions of the said section 202 of June 13, 1956 (21 F. R. 4237), the for scheduled air carriers; (a) of the Agricultural Act of 1956: President has proclaimed such modifica­ alternate airport landing tions of existing duties and other import minimums: NOW, THEREFORE, I, DWIGHT D. Interstate________________ _ 4999 EISENHOWER, President of the United restrictions of the United States, or such continuance of existing customs or excise Outside continental limits of States of America, acting under and by United States------ ------------ 4999 virtue of the authority vested in me by treatment of articles imported into the section 202 (a) of the said Agricultural United States as were found to be re- Commerce Department Act of 1956. do hereby terminate the said (Continued on p. 4997) See Federal Maritime Board. 4995 4996 THE PRESIDENT CONTENTS— Continued CONTENTS-—Continued Defense Department PaSe Land Management Bureau— Pase FEDERALlpEGISTER See Air Force Department. Continued V , m* ¿K Rules and regulations: Farmers Home Administration Utah; public land order.______ 5015 Published daily, except Sundays, Mondays, Rules and regulations: and days following official Federal holidays, Loans; farm ownership and soil Securities and Exchange Com­ by the Federal Register Division, National and water conservation; au­ mission Archives and Records Service, General Serv­ thentication of signatures for Notices: ices Administration, pursuant to the au­ insured lenders ____ 4997 Hearings, etc.: thority contained in the Federal Register Act, Key Oil & Gas (1955) Ltd___ 5025 approved July 26, 1935 (49 Stat. 500, as Federal 'Maritime Board Michigan Wisconsin Pipe Line amended; 44 U. S. C., ch. 8B), under regula­ Notices: Co. and American Natural tions prescribed by the Administrative Com­ Matson Navigation Co. and mittee of the Federal Register, approved by Gas Co_________________ 5026 the President. Distribution is made only by Fred. Olsen & Co.; agreement Standard Shares, Inc_______ 5026 the Superintendent of Documents, Govern­ filed for approval___ _____ 5018 United Corp____ ___ 5025 ment Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Federal Power Commission The F ederal R egister will be furnished by Treasury Department mail to subscribers, free of postage, for $1.50 Notices: See Internal Revenue Service. per month or $15.00 per year, payable in, Hearings, etc.: advance. The charge for individual copies Department of Public Utili­ Veterans Administration (minimum 15 cents) varies in proportion to ties, Massachusetts and Rules and regulations: the size of the issue. Remit check or money Power Authority of New Servicemen’s Readjustment Act order, made payable to the Superintendent of Documents, directly to the Government York________^_______ 5019 of 1944; Title III, Loan Guar­ Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Mosinee Paper Mills Co___ 5019 anty; supplemental loans__ _ 5015 The regulatory material appearing herein Ohio Fuel Gas Co__________ 5019 Is keyed to the Code o f F ederal R egulations, Oil Associates, Inc., et al___ 5024 CODIFICATION GUIDE which is published, under 50 titles, pursuant to section 11 of the Federal Register Act, as Food and Drug Administration A numerical list of the parts of the Code amended August 5, 1953. The Code o f F ed­ Proposed rule making : of Federal Regulations affected by documents eral R egulations is spld by the Superin­ Pesticide chemicals; in or on published in this issue. Proposed rules, as tendent of Documents. Prices of books and raw agricultural commodities; opposed to final actions, are identified as pocket supplements vary. such. There are no restrictions on the re­ petition for exemption from publication of material appearing in the tolerance for residues of Title 3 Page F ederal R egister, or the C ode o f F ederal Diphenyl________________ _ 5016 Chapter I (Proclamations): R egulations. Rules and regulations : 2351 (modified by Proc. 3145) ___ 4995 Pesticide chemicals; in or on 2450 (terminated by Proc.3145) _ 4995 raw agricultural commodities; 3140 (modified by Proc. 3146)__ 4995 CFR SUPPLEMENTS tolerances for residues of 3145 ________ 4995 Systox_____________ .:_____ 4999 3146 ______ ;______________ 4995 (As of January 1, 1956) Health, Education, and Welfare Chapter II (Executive orders): Department July 2, 1910 (revoked in part by The following Supplements are now PLO 1310) ________________ 5015 available: See Food and Drug Administra­ Jan. 23,1912 (revoked in part by tion. PLO 1310)___________ : ___ 5015 Title 26 (1*954) Part 221 to Interior Department Title 6 end (Rev., 1955) See Land Management Bureau. ($2.25) Chapter III: Internal Revenue Service Part 332______ 4997 Title 38 ($2.00) Rules and regulations : Part 352____________________ 4997 Income tax; taxable years be­ Part 354___ 4997 Titles 44-45 ($1.00) ginning after Dec. 31, 1941; Title 7 contributions of employer to Chapter I: Title 50 ($0.60) employees’ trust or annuity Part 29___ 4998 plan and compensation under Chapter IX: Previously announced:
Recommended publications
  • 2020Usdaexplanatory Notes –Agricultural Marketing Service
    2020 USDA EXPLANATORY NOTES – AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE Agency-Wide ................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Purpose Statement.....................................................................................................................................................3 Available Funds and Staff Years ............................................................................................................................ 11 Permanent Positions by Grade and Staff Years ...................................................................................................... 13 Vehicle Fleet ........................................................................................................................................................... 14 Shared Funding Projects ......................................................................................................................................... 15 Account 1: Marketing Services ................................................................................................................................... 17 Appropriations Language........................................................................................................................................ 17 Lead-Off Tabular Statement ................................................................................................................................... 17 Project Statement
    [Show full text]
  • State Constitutional and Statutory Provisions and Municipal Ordinances Held Unconstitutional Or Held to Be Preempted by Federal Law
    STATE CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY PROVISIONS AND MUNICIPAL ORDINANCES HELD UNCONSTITUTIONAL OR HELD TO BE PREEMPTED BY FEDERAL LAW 2317 STATE CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY PROVI- SIONS AND MUNICIPAL ORDINANCES HELD UN- CONSTITUTIONAL OR HELD TO BE PREEMPTED BY FEDERAL LAW Three separate lists of Supreme Court decisions appear below: part I lists cases holding state constitutional or statutory provisions unconstitu- tional, part II lists cases holding local laws unconstitutional, and part III lists cases holding that state or local laws are preempted by federal law. As Congress acted as the legislature for the District of Columbia until passage of the Home Rule Act on December 24, 1973, District of Columbia statutes that were enacted by Congress are treated as federal statutes (and included in a prior appendix), and District of Columbia statutes en- acted by the District of Columbia government are treated as state stat- utes. Each case is briefly summarized, and the votes of Justices are indi- cated unless the Court’s decision was unanimous. Justices who write or join the majority or plurality opinion are listed under “Justices concur- ring”, whether or not they write separate concurring opinions, and Jus- tices who do not join the majority or plurality opinion, but write separate opinions concurring in the result, are listed under “Justices specially con- curring.” Previous editions contained only two lists, one for cases holding state laws unconstitutional or preempted by federal law, and one for unconsti- tutional or preempted local laws. The 2002 edition added the third cat- egory because of the different nature of preemption cases. State or local laws held to be preempted by federal law are void not because they con- travene any provision of the Constitution, but rather because they conflict with a federal statute or treaty, and through operation of the Supremacy Clause.
    [Show full text]
  • State Constitutional and Statutory Provisions and Municipal Ordinances Held Unconstitutional Or Held to Be Preempted by Federal Law (1789–2002)
    STATE CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY PROVISIONS AND MUNICIPAL ORDINANCES HELD UNCONSTITUTIONAL OR HELD TO BE PREEMPTED BY FEDERAL LAW (1789–2002) 2161 VerDate Aug<04>2004 12:57 Aug 23, 2004 Jkt 077500 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 8221 Sfmt 8221 C:\CONAN\CON064.SGM PRFM99 PsN: CON064 VerDate Aug<04>2004 12:57 Aug 23, 2004 Jkt 077500 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 8221 Sfmt 8221 C:\CONAN\CON064.SGM PRFM99 PsN: CON064 STATE CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY PRO- VISIONS AND MUNICIPAL ORDINANCES HELD UNCONSTITUTIONAL OR HELD TO BE PRE- EMPTED BY FEDERAL LAW Three separate lists of Supreme Court decisions appear below: part I lists cases holding state constitutional or statutory provisions unconstitu- tional, part II lists cases holding local laws unconstitutional, and part III lists cases holding that state or local laws are preempted by federal law. Each case is briefly summarized, and the votes of Justices are indicated un- less the Court’s decision was unanimous. Previous editions contained only two lists, one for cases holding state laws unconstitutional or preempted by federal law, and one for unconstitutional or preempted local laws. The 2002 edition adds the third category because of the different nature of preemption cases. State or local laws held to be preempted by federal law are void not due to repugnancy with any provision of the Constitution, but rather due to conflict with a federal statute or treaty, and through operation of the Su- premacy Clause. Preemption cases formerly listed in one of the first two cat- egories have been moved to the third. A few cases with multiple holdings are listed in more than one category.
    [Show full text]
  • State Constitutional and Statutory Provisions and Municipal Ordinances Held Unconstitutional Or Held to Be Preempted by Federal Law
    STATE CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY PROVISIONS AND MUNICIPAL ORDINANCES HELD UNCONSTITUTIONAL OR HELD TO BE PREEMPTED BY FEDERAL LAW 2377 STATE CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY PROVI- SIONS AND MUNICIPAL ORDINANCES HELD UN- CONSTITUTIONAL OR HELD TO BE PREEMPTED BY FEDERAL LAW Three separate lists of Supreme Court decisions appear below: part I lists cases holding state constitutional or statutory provisions unconstitu- tional, part II lists cases holding local laws unconstitutional, and part III lists cases holding that state or local laws are preempted by federal law. As Congress acted as the legislature for the District of Columbia until passage of the Home Rule Act on December 24, 1973, District of Columbia statutes that were enacted by Congress are treated as federal statutes (and included in a prior appendix), and District of Columbia statutes en- acted by the District of Columbia government are treated as state stat- utes. Each case is briefly summarized, and the votes of Justices are indi- cated unless the Court’s decision was unanimous. Justices who write or join the majority or plurality opinion are listed under “Justices concur- ring”, whether or not they write separate concurring opinions, and Jus- tices who do not join the majority or plurality opinion, but write separate opinions concurring in the result, are listed under “Justices specially con- curring.” Previous editions contained only two lists, one for cases holding state laws unconstitutional or preempted by federal law, and one for unconsti- tutional or preempted local laws. The 2002 edition added the third cat- egory because of the different nature of preemption cases. State or local laws held to be preempted by federal law are void not because they con- travene any provision of the Constitution, but rather because they conflict with a federal statute or treaty, and through operation of the Supremacy Clause.
    [Show full text]
  • Monetary Mechanics: a Financial View
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Tymoigne, Éric Working Paper Monetary mechanics: A financial view Working Paper, No. 799 Provided in Cooperation with: Levy Economics Institute of Bard College Suggested Citation: Tymoigne, Éric (2014) : Monetary mechanics: A financial view, Working Paper, No. 799, Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/110023 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Working Paper No. 799 Monetary Mechanics: A Financial View by Éric Tymoigne* Levy Economics Institute of Bard College May 2014 * Correspondence: [email protected]. The author thanks John F. Henry, Charles A.E. Goodhart, Yan Liang, Perry Mehrling, and L.
    [Show full text]
  • 126613667.23.Pdf
    -44^ Scs.iHi. IS6. SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY FOURTH SERIES VOLUME 20 A Scottish firm in Virginia IV. Cuninghame and Co. A Scottish firm in Virginia 1767-1777 IV. Cuninghame and Co. edited by T. M. Devine, ph.d. ★ ★ EDINBURGH printed for the Scottish History Society by CLARK CONSTABLE (1982) LTD 1984 © Scottish History Society 1984 ISBN o 906245 04 4 Printed in Great Britain L/j PREFACE My primary debt of gratitude is to Lady Catherine Henderson and her son, Mr Martin Henderson of Mosdale, Castle Douglas, Kirkcudbright, the owners of the Cuninghame letterbooks, for permission to allow their publication. I thank them also for their willingness to make the material available to me for study and transcription. Mr Richard Dell of the Strathclyde Regional Archives and Mr John Bates and Dr Frances Shaw of the Scottish Record Office helped in the transfer and supervision of the letterbooks when they were being transcribed and edited. I am particularly grateful to Dr Shaw who first drew my attention to the existence of a third Cuninghame letterbook in the care of Lady Henderson and her son. Professor Jacob M. Price of the University of Michigan kindly read and commented on my introduction. I am pleased to record my thanks also to my former student. Miss Elizabeth Gray, who assisted in the preparation of the material and to Miss Mary McHugh who helped with the index. Mrs J. Struthers transformed a difficult manuscript into typescript with speed and efficiency. My final debt is to Dr Thomas I. Rae for his patient attention and advice.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 105 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 105 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 144 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 1998 No. 75 Senate The Senate met at 9:45 a.m. and was mittee substitute. Assuming cloture think that is why the majority leader called to order by the President pro fails, the Senate will continue debate was happy to say he will allow the tempore [Mr. THURMOND]. on the tobacco bill. The Senate may Democrats to have sort of a sub- also consider any other legislative or stantive amendment of their own PRAYER executive items that may be cleared choosing, and then we can proceed for- The Chaplain, Dr. Lloyd John for action. Therefore, rollcall votes are ward. But we can work this out. I just Ogilvie, offered the following prayer: possible throughout today's session of wanted to make sure at least that was Almighty God, our purpose is to glo- the Senate. on the record at this time. rify You by serving our Nation. We Several Senators addressed the Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, want to express an energetic earnest- Chair. I don't suspect that will be a problem. ness about our work today. Help us to The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ROB- We are going to check with the chair- know what You want and then want ERTS). The Senator from Massachusetts man and try and accommodate. what we know; to say what we mean, is recognized. f and mean what we say.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the American Economy, 11Th Edition, and Are Available to Qualified Instructors Through the Web Site (
    History of the American Economy This page intentionally left blank History of the American Economy ELEVENTH EDITION GARY M. WALTON University of California, Davis HUGH ROCKOFF Rutgers University History of the American Economy: © 2010, 2005 South-Western, Cengage Learning Eleventh Edition Gary M. Walton and Hugh Rockoff ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any Vice President of Editorial, Business: means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, Jack W. Calhoun recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval Acquisitions Editor: Steven Scoble systems, or in any other manner—except as may be permitted by the Managing Developmental Editor: license terms herein. Katie Yanos For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Marketing Specialist: Betty Jung Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 Marketing Coordinator: Suellen Ruttkay For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all Content Project Manager: Darrell E. Frye requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions Frontlist Buyer, Manufacturing: Further permissions questions can be emailed to Sandee Milewski [email protected] Production Service: Cadmus Package ISBN-13: 978-0-324-78662-0 Sr. Art Director: Michelle Kunkler Package ISBN-10: 0-324-78662-X Internal Designer: Juli Cook Book only ISBN 13: 978-0324-78661-3 Cover Designer: Rose Alcorn Book only ISBN 10: 0-324-78661-1 Cover Images: © Ross Elmi/iStockphoto; South-Western, Cengage Learning © Thinkstock Images 5191 Natorp Boulevard Mason, OH 45040 USA Cengage learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Tymoigne, Eric
    Monetary Mechanics: A Financial View Eric Tymoigne Assistant Professor of Economics Lewis & Clark College Economics Department, MSC 40 0615 SW Palatine Hill Rd. Portland, OR 97219 USA [email protected] 1 A financial analysis of monetary systems1 Introduction The functional analysis of monetary systems is currently the most popular among academics of all disciplines—“money is what money does” (Walker 1878; Hicks 1967; Dalton 1965; Kemp 1956). It is used in a narrow way by most economists who focus on the function of medium of exchange. In order to avoid the problem of double coincidence of wants, a unique commodity was progressively sorted out as best for market exchanges (Jevons 1875; Menger 1892).2 Thus, a monetary system can be detected by checking for the presence of a medium of exchange, which usually implies searching for objects passing hands frequently. Einzig (1966) and Quiggin (1949) reject this narrow functional approach. Exchange was not done principally, or even at all, for economic reasons and so the nonexistence of a double coincidence of wants was not a problem. The broad functional approach classifies anything as monetary instrument as long as it performs all or parts of the functions attributed to monetary instruments. The distinction between “all-purpose money” and “special-purpose money” follows (Polanyi 1957). A main issue with the functional approach is that it does not explicitly define what “money” is. This leads either to select one main function, or to pick and choose depending on the circumstances. This may lead the inquirer to impose inappropriately his own experience to explain the inner workings of completely different societies (Dalton 1965).
    [Show full text]
  • Working Fictions of Money: the Making of Currency (Dis)Trust in Argentina (1880-2020)
    Working fictions of money: the making of currency (dis)trust in Argentina (1880-2020) Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln 2020 presented by Guadalupe Moreno from General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina First reviewer: Prof. Dr. Jens Beckert Second reviewer: Prof. Dr. Pablo Nemiña Date of oral defense: 18.11.2020 To my father Jaime and my sister Florencia, without whose unconditional love and constant support this thesis would not exist. To the living memory of my mother Adriana. To all those who have themselves gone through a monetary crisis, in the hope that this work contributes to alleviating their misfortune. Table of contents Acknowledgments vii 1. Introduction 1 2. What is money, and why do we trust it? 6 What is trust? 7 What is distrust? 15 Money and trust 17 Money and trust within mainstream economics 18 Sociopolitical approaches to money and trust 28 Money and trust within sociology and anthropology 36 Trust and the working fictions of money 45 (Dis)believing money: the logics of distrust 53 3. Reshaping value: the transformation of money during the 20th century 58 The value of money from the gold standard to Bretton Woods (1875-1944) 62 The Bretton Woods agreements and the US dollar supremacy (1936-1960) 66 The fall of the Bretton Woods international monetary system (1960-1973) 72 The international monetary system after Bretton Woods (1973-2020) 75 The monetary reality in Latin America after Bretton Woods (1973-2000) 83 4. One hundred
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Statuttory Preemption of State and Local Authority: History
    ~~ A COMMISSION REPORT Federal Statutory Preemption of State and Local Authority: History, Inventory, and Issues U.S. Advisory Commission on A-121 Intergovernment a1 Relations September 199: US. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations 800 K Street, NW South Building Suite 450 Washington, DC 20575 (202) 653-5640 FAX (202) 653-5429 ii U.S. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Preemption refers to the authority of the Congress Dual Sovereignty. There are three types of dual sovereignty: under the supremacy clause of the U.S. Constitution to (2) State powers not subject to preemption-including enact statutes that displace or replace state and/or local the power of states to levy taxes and to enter into laws and powers. The Congress' power to preempt, how- nonpolitical interstate compacts; ever, is limited to the fields of authority delegated to it (2) Direct andpositive conflict between state andfederal (e.g., bankruptcy) by the people of the states through the laws-a state law is valid unless there is a conflict U.S. Constitution. with a federal law on the same subject (e.g., Civil Preemption may entail (1) federal displacement of state Rights Act of 1964); and and/or local law so as to prohibit state or local governments from exercising particular powers (e.g., a prohibition of state (3) Administrative or judicial rulings precluding pre- or local regulation of an economicactivityderegulated by the emption-for example, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and its amendments provide for either an Congress), (2) federal replacement of a state and/or locallaw administrative ruling by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • 6–12–00 Vol. 65 No. 113 Monday June 12, 2000 Pages 36781–37004
    6±12±00 Monday Vol. 65 No. 113 June 12, 2000 Pages 36781±37004 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 21:44 Jun 09, 2000 Jkt 190000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4710 Sfmt 4710 E:\FR\FM\12JNWS.LOC pfrm11 PsN: 12JNWS 1 II Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 113 / Monday, June 12, 2000 The FEDERAL REGISTER is published daily, Monday through SUBSCRIPTIONS AND COPIES Friday, except official holidays, by the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, PUBLIC Washington, DC 20408, under the Federal Register Act (44 U.S.C. Subscriptions: Ch. 15) and the regulations of the Administrative Committee of Paper or fiche 202±512±1800 the Federal Register (1 CFR Ch. I). The Superintendent of Assistance with public subscriptions 512±1806 Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 is the exclusive distributor of the official edition. General online information 202±512±1530; 1±888±293±6498 Single copies/back copies: The Federal Register provides a uniform system for making available to the public regulations and legal notices issued by Paper or fiche 512±1800 Federal agencies. These include Presidential proclamations and Assistance with public single copies 512±1803 Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general FEDERAL AGENCIES applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published Subscriptions: by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest. Paper or fiche 523±5243 Assistance with Federal agency subscriptions 523±5243 Documents are on file for public inspection in the Office of the Federal Register the day before they are published, unless the issuing agency requests earlier filing.
    [Show full text]