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SECURING PATENTS for Department inventions and discoveries is a topic that must be appreciated fully, for unless a carefully planned program of this na- 3 ture is understood and carried out, many : ;:::::::z::r:zjm?^ of the fruits of patient and brilliant research by our fellow wcrkers may be forfeited. As the Department has one 4 V JA ..l/Hiv- • of the largest research organizations in the world, the obtaining of patents is an important supplement to its scien- tific activities. Where community canneries are not You ask "Why should the Department Saving our bounty present, many schools process in their bother to get patents? Is it not suffi- kitchens for the lunch program. Among FOOD PRESERVATION is sponsored by cient simply to disclose its inventions in these are 958 in Ohio, 940 in Michigan, the Food Distribution Branch of the other forms of publications reaching the 833 in Tennessee, 740 in Minnesota, 670 Production and Marketing Administra- public?" The answer is that the object in Wisconsin, and 575 in Iowa. tion. It is geared to prevent waste by of Department research is to benefit the Additional aid in utilizing Govern- helping to find outlets for fruit and vege- public. An invention made as a result ment-donated frozen turkeys, cheese, tables raised locally without waste, and of Department research belongs to the and butter and for preserving fruits and also in cases where the Department finds public, who paid for it through taxation. vegetables has come from the local advisable to handle surplus perish- Hence the public should not be obliged it frozen food locker plants. In promoting ables removed from the market under to pay twice for the same invention. the best use of products supplied for the price-support programs. This work is Double payment like this would be pos- National School Lunch program and carried out under authority of section sible when a Department invention is other direct distribution projects, these 32 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act not patented by the Department itself, 12,000 locker plants have been invalu- revised, which relates to the expansion and thus have the field left open for able. of domestic food markets—especially someone else to take precedence and get All this activity stems from World War when the harvest is bounteous and the a patent on the same invention. Publi- II food preservation campaigns. Can- demand slack. cation of an invention is not a barrier ning centers were set up under the Food Technical help is given in the develop- to the granting of a patent to another, Production War Training program of ment and improvement of nonprofit if the other person's application is filed the Office of Education, with the Depart- community canning centers run by with the U. S. Patent Office within 1 year ment providing much technical guid- communities, schools, and public and of its publication date, and if the appli- ance and financial aid. Today PMA private institutions. Demonstrations, cant can show that he made the inven- personnel continue to provide assistance technological know-how, bulletins and tion prior to the date of the aforesaid to school and community canning plants canning plant layout designs, and publication, even though after the date through the Vocational Education Offi- timely information in all phases of of invention by the author. ces of the State Departments of Educa- sound food-preservation practices are A new revised edition cf the tion. USDA employed in this continuing effort. In Patent Manual is listed as Miscellaneous most cases section 32 food-preservation BAI retirements Publication No. 551. It was drafted of the is carried out jointly work Branch The Personnel Division, Bureau of Animal by W. L. Cheesman, Northern through State agencies concerned with Industry, lists age-required retirements of Regional Research Laboratory, Peoria, noteworthy employees which occur in Janu- operation of such processing plants. 111., T. ary and February. They are Birtwhistle and A. Seegrist, Office of the Arrang^n^nts for using canneries for MacCormack, virus-serum inspection, Kansas Solicitor. It was sponsored by the USDA processing Government-donated prod- City, Kans., Herbert Martin, general investi- gator, New York, N. Y., John H. Muller, live- Committee on Patent Policy consisting ucts are made with the State Distribut- stock inspection, Baltimore, Md., William of 10 authorities from the Agricultural ing Agency and the agency responsible J. J. Pooley, meat inspection, South St. Joseph, Mo., and two meat inspectors, Research Administration, the Produc- for operation of the individual plants. Charles E. Richardson, Kansas City, Kans., tion and Marketing Administration, the Current data show that there are and Edward R. Saunders, St. Louis, Mo. Soil Conservation Service, and the Office about 322 institutional canneries with a Win award jointly of the Solicitor. Write for copies to the total daily capacity of 3,500,000 pounds The Joseph Harvey Gourley award in po- Office of the Solicitor, care of Fred of products in 44 States reporting. mology was made lately to Leon Havis and Mrs. Brooke Meanley (formerly Anna L. Herzer. Many of them have been used to handle Gilkerson), Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, section 32 commodities for eligible and Agricultural Engineering. They were schools and institutions. Besides these honored for research covering fertilizing and pruning peach trees. Nelson transferred plants, approximately 1,600 steam-op- Lewis B. Nelson, soil specialist with the erated community canneries were in Geology award Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agri- operation in 34 States in 1950. More Sterling B. Hendricks, Plant Industry Sta- cultural Engineering, has transferred from tion, Beltsville, Md., received the Arthur L. Port Collins, Colo., to Beltsville, Md., where canneries are use than 500 equipped to Day gold medal recently from the Geological he will supervise research in the relation of glass jars as well as tin containers. Society of America. It was accorded to him different fertilizers to various soil types. A outstanding in the application of native of Idaho, Mr. Nelson was associate More than 75 percent of these plants are for work chemistry and physics to geological prob- professor of soils at Iowa State College be- in the Southeast. lems. fore joining USDA in 1949.

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Death of Dr. Merrill Bulletin builders Extension pioneer Melvin C. Merrill, Ph. D., who retired from the Office of Information in the Department "PARTNERSHIP PLANNING for Popu- December 31, 1949, after a quarter of a MEMORIES OF early day county agri- lar Publications" was the theme of a 3- century as chief of the Division of Publica- cultural agents are timely now because tions, died December 22 at his Washington, day USDA Publications Workshop held D. O, home, after a brief illness. He is of the golden jubilee of farm demon- in Washington late in November and survived by his wife, one daughter, four stration work this year. One such re- grandchildren, and four sisters. Dr. Merrill well over fellow attended by a hundred Depart- was born in April 1884 in Richmond, Utah, a minder comes from a employee ment staff members particularly con- son of a Mormon pioneer and apostle, Mar- who has vivid recollections of the in- riner Merrill, and Maria Kingsbury cerned with publications, including ad- Wood fluence that a pioneer county agent had Merrill. He graduated from Utah State Agri- ministrators, editorial and illustrations cultural College and later earned degrees in in his home community. May we hear people, and some subject-matter work- advanced work at Cornell, University of from others? Chicago, Harvard University, and Washing- ers, and a few State editorial authorities. ton University, St. Louis. After teaching It was during the early part of the First Resulting from the workshop, Director high school, he spent some time directing World War that Dad came home from his the Baguio Experiment Station at Manila, weekly trip to town with the news that we of Information R. L. Webster told the subsequently teaching at Idaho Technical had a county agent, who was telling folks group at the closing session, will be: (1) Institute and serving as head of the Utah that there was a need for most everything State College horticultural department, also that could be produced on our farms. Additional workshops or conferences for We as dean of applied sciences at Brigham Young had been reading about this war need but smaller groups on various phases of pub- University, and in research work at Missouri it took Mr. Holland, our first county agent, Botanical Gardens. During his career in lications work; (2) studies of the effec- to give realism to it. Later on the boys be- USDA, he had charge of the Journal of Agri- ing called up for the draft, and still later, tiveness of publications on the farm and cultural Research, served on the directorate the news of the deaths of John Tully and in the home; (3) increased impetus in of the Graduate School, and helped organize Walter Sewell—close neighbors of ours and was an officer of the OPEDA, or profes- gave impetus to our county agent's plea. the Department's important program of sional employees' unit. He was a member of We were soon trying out new things. We revising out-of-date publications; (4) many leading scientific and professional so- tried out a new variety of corn—the State cieties and fraternities. Just a week prior to College said it would do better than the corn closer cooperation between the Depart- his demise, Dr. Merrill visited the USDA we had. Besides it was yellow and the buy- encouragement and good ment and the land-grant colleges in office with words of ers wanted yellow corn instead of the white will. publications work; and (5) a report on flint we had been growing. More of the hill land was planted to cotton and some of the the workshop designed to carry the in- meadow and pasture was plowed up and formation presented there to those who Rescue by foresters planted to oats and lespedeza, sudan grass, were unable to attend. THE FOLLOWING letter has been re- and other such things to get a better yield of hay. Stressing the importance of publica- ceived by Regional Forester Lindh from Mr. Holland drove by our home frequently. tions in the Department's programs J. Peery Francis, Sheriff of Coconino He used a one-horse buggy at first, but it proved too much for "old Nellie" so he had Assistant Secretary Knox T. Hutchinson County, Arizona: to use two horses. He often arrived at our told the meeting that publications serve I wish to express my appreciation and that house at meal times when he would talk as a foundation for information services of the citizens of this county and the State about the corn and pig clubs. I liked the of Arizona for the help given us by the Co- idea from the beginning but it took both for rural people. Assistant Agricul- conino National Forest personnel, and for Mr. Holland and Mother to convince Dad tural Research Administrator Harry all the equipment used, in the recent hunt that I should have an acre of corn and pig for lost and stranded elk hunters in this area. of own. It was during these Club days Trelogan, speaking on "Agricultural Re- my A sudden snowstorm caught about 1,000 that I took a little more than the usual in- search and Popular Publications," said hunters in the country surrounding the terest in farm bulletins and articles on corn Mogollon Rim, and but for the combined that the success of research in the and hogs. efforts of all of us, many more of them would Perhaps Mr. Holland had more influence United States has been largely due, not have perished. than I realized at the time on my choosing merely to superiority of our scientists, For about 2 weeks the personnel of the a profession. I wasn't the only one either. Forest Service, using available equipment, several fellows our county but to our accomplishments in translat- There were from worked night and day in the cold and snow who went to State College to prepare them- ing science for the use of farmers, con- to help rescue many hunters who might selves to become county agents and agri- sumers, and marketers. otherwise have died. We feel that we are cultural teachers. indeed fortunate in having such an organi- I know of no stone monument that has zation Field representatives participating in here, for we have never failed to get been erected to County Agent Holland. But help from them whenever we needed it. J the I do know that changes for l:e better in workshop included five staff mem- the help of Without the Forest Service per- farming and farm living which were started bers of the Forest Service, one from the sonnel, I feel sure that many more hunters back in those days have persisted and have would have lost their lives than did this time. Soil Conservation Service, and seven ex- been improved up to the present. Each That is such a big, rough country, and with morning trucks pick up whole milk produced so many hunters in there, it was an almost tension and experiment station editors by cows—descendants of old "Tubby" our impossible task to comb it quickly enough from six land-grant colleges. first registered Jersey bull. Pastures and A com- to get everyone out. But we did the best meadows started then are now much more mittee of about 25 Department informa- we could, and it is a source of pride to this productive. REA power has replaced the office that Forest Service personnel in this tion home power plant installed in 1917. County people, headed by Deputy Director area never hesitate to lend a hand no matter Agent Holland was a part of a pioneering the going of Information James H. McCormick, how tough might be. movement. He wasn't well trained techni- made the plans and arrangements for cally but what he lacked he made up with Retirement of Alfred Lee a crusading spirit for things he considered the workshop. worth while for the people in our county at After 43 years of continuous service with Incidental to the workshop, that stage of our progress. and of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Alfred R. Lee, continuing interest since, is a graphic poultry husbandman, has retired. He en- tered USDA poultry work when there were Lift Canadian ban display prepared by the USDA Exhibits but two employees engaged therein. He is As of March 1, 1953. the embargo and Service to demonstrate that partnership the author of numerous scientific publica- quarantine against imports of livestock and tions, farmers' bulletins, and popular articles, livestock products and related materials of many skills goes into the planning, and was co-author of "Poultry Feeds and from the Dominion of Canada will be production, and distribution of Agricul- Feeding," issued in 1922 as one of the first lifted—unless no fresh outbreak of foot- books of its kind. Mr. Lee was preeminently ard-mouth disease occurs across the border. tural bulletins. an answerer of poultry questions during his The embargo was imposed in February 1952. service and holds an unchallenged record in Great credit for stamping out and holding that activity. He is a native of Massachusetts the disease in check is given to Canadian and holds a B. S. degree from Rhode Island sanitary officers by our Bureau of Animal Join USDA Welfare Association State College. Industry.

USDA: January 14, 1853 Pain and penalties Incentive awards Federal accountants ACCIDENT COSTS suffered by Depart- EMPLOYEE SUGGESTIONS submitted THE FEDERAL Government Account- ment employees during 1951 amounted to supervisors in 26 bureaus, agencies, ants Association made history again to more than $2,000,000, according to and offices of the Department during when it presented its Second Annual William S. Harris, retiring chairman of fiscal year 1952 totaled 2,418, with eight Symposium in November 1952. More the USDA Safety Council. That compu- agencies reporting none received. Based than 1,000 Federal Government ac- tation, Mr. Harris explained, is based on on the year's average number of employ- countants and finance officers attended statistical tables published by the U. S. ees, all suggestions received equaled only the sessions in the Departmental Audi- Bureau of Employees' Compensation. 3.5 per each 100 employees. Suggestions torium in Washington, D. C, which was These figures show that the nearly 1,600 adopted represented 32 percent of those devoted to consideration of the subject, disabling injuries included 29 fatalities submitted during the year. financial reporting. and resulted in the loss of some 244,000 Forest Service with 763 suggestions Representing Federal agencies closely days during that period. received from its employees ranked first, identified with Government accounting Expenditure for duty-incurred injuries and 413 of these suggestions were and financial activities and thoroughly includes medical, leave, and compensa- adopted. But based on the ratio of sug- in accord with the aims of the Associa- tion costs and is equivalent to an expend- gestions by employees to actual employ- tion to promote efforts to improve ac- iture of $28.55 for each employee of the ment volume, the leaders were Farmers counting in the Federal Government Department of Agriculture, according to Home Administration, 10.6 suggestions were the Assistant to the Comptroller Bureau of Employees' Compensation per 100 employees, Rural Electrification General of the United States, the Direc- computations. While these figures leave Administration, 8.7 per 100, and Forest tor of the Bureau of the Budget, and the no doubt that injuries are extremely Service, 5 per 100. Administrator of the General Services costly, they fail to measure the pain and Under Public Law 600, 85 Superior Administration. suffering experienced by injured em- Service Awards and 9 Distinguished The Federal Government Accountants ployees. Service Awards were made in fiscal 1952, Association is in its third year. Estab- What is being done to prevent this and under the same statute 331 Cash lished in 1950 as an independent or- drain on our available manpower and Awards for Suggestions were made. ganization of professionally qualified funds? Under Public Law 429, Step Increases for accounts in the Federal Government, the The Department of Agriculture has Superior Accomplishments went to 175 Association has demonstrated by its in its organ- made considerable progress employees, while Efficiency Awards in rapid growth and the interest in its ac- ized efforts to reduce the toll of accidents. cash went to 11 employees. This totals tivities the existence of a need for such The Bureau of Employees' Compensation 621 granted, which figures to 0.8 awards a group to give impetus t«~ improvement figures show that the accident frequency per 100 employees. The cash awards for in accounting and support to the Joint injuries rate (number of disabling per fiscal year 1952 amounted to $12,157 50 Accounting Program officially sponsored million man-hours) for the Department with an estimated first year's savings by the Treasury Department, the Gen- 18.4 was 10.4 for 1951, as compared with footing up to $233,093.60. eral Accounting Office, and the Bureau is higher in 1940. This rate slightly than According to the opinion expressed by of the Budget. the average for the Federal Government our Office of Personnel, the awards pro- Including the Washington area and as a whole. gram to operate well and have any sub- field chapters at Kansas City, St. Louis, progress has been Although mvch stantial incentive value must be gener- and Denver, USDA enrollment in the made, Mr. Harris emphasized that we ally made known to all employees by the membership consists of 27 from PMA, 13 have not kept pace with the example set it is pointed supervisors. Supervisors, from REA, 10 from FHA, 8 from B & F, by progressive private industries. He the plan out, should be well informed of 2 each from FCA and FCIC, and one noted that many of these industries have and the standards established for it, so apiece from BAI, CEA, and FS. John C. almost entirely eliminated disabling ac- will alert to give employees en- they be Cooper, Budget and Finance, is director cidents as a result of concentrated safety couragement when they deserve recog- of programs for the association. efforts. The conclusion it is an obli- — nition. A 15-page bibliography on financial gation of every supervisor and employee reporting prepared by the Research to encourage safety at work and avoid French market progress Committee of the Association may be so much suffering and loss. After spending a couple of months in obtained by writing to the Association, Prance at the request of the Ministry of Box 53, Washington 4, D. C. Soils men transfer Agriculture there, H. L. Harrington, New M. L. Nichc^s, formerly in charge of re-. York office of the Fruit and Vegetable Branch of the Production and Marketing Adminis- search for Soil Conservation Ssrvice, is now Klingman succeeds Stabler with Dr. A. H. Moseman's office in the Plant tration reports on recent progress abroad. D. L. Klingman is the new coordinator of Industry Station as rpecial assistant. James He says France has adopted market standards to investigations in the North Central F. Stallings and Russell E. Uhland have left for several fresh fruits comparable stand- weed level. They States, with headquarters at the regional the SCS staff to assist Dr. F. W. Parker in ards proposed at the European Plant Industry, Soils, planning future developments. have a market news service under test which office of the Bureau of started last April and was put on a perma- and Agricultural Engineering at Columbia, Ever eat potato bars? nent basis at Lyons last November. The Mo. L. M. Stahler resigned in September standardization work is intended to tie in 1952 to join the Pacific Borax Co. Eastern Scientists of the Department's with the market news service eventually. Regional Research Laboratory, working with SCS aids ACP the TJ. S. Army Quartermaster's Corps, find Maddox promoted the conservation they can crumble up potato chips and press Fully half a million of assistant plans on which agricultural them under 4,000 pounds pressure into Edward Maddox has been named farm practice the in the last 3-inch long bars that reduce the bulk of the chief of the telephone loans division in conservation payments were made the permanent types chips and make them easier to ship and Rural Electrification Administration, where fiscal year were of is the Soil Conservation Services store. They contain all the original nutri- Richard A. Dell is the chief. Mr. Maddox planned by experience This was the record of the first tion of the potato chips and should resist from Missouri and has had wide technicians. program wherein permanent spoilage for over 4 months at high tempera- in the telephone field since 1929, and came full 3 ear of the practice plans were developed by SCS. tures. to REA for the first time in 1950. ACP 3 USDA: January 14, 1953 Foreign shop talk soon Parsed succeeds Halligan Reader's reminders Persons interested in foreign agricultural John E. Parsell was named to succeed programs may mark the dates of February James E. Halligan as assistant administra- Corn borer sickness 2-5 on which the conclave of Government tor of the Farmers Home Administration in and college authorities in this field will be the national office, Washington, D. C. Mr. Will it finally be practicable to control the helping Halligan's retirement became effective De- European corn borers with disease spore held at Department here. Those to share American Agricultural know-how cember 20 after more than 20 years of Fed- spreading like the milky white disease used with visitors from abroad or who undertake eral service in the farm credit field. Mr. successfully with the Japanese beetle? foreign assignments will take a major role Parsell, a veteran of both world wars, has Nobody knows for sure, but USDA and Iowa in this important annual discussion. Pro- been with the Government since 1920 and State entomologists have located a type of grams will be distributed by the Office of has been connected with the FHA and its microscopic protozoan that infects female Foreign Agricultural Relations. predecessors since 1936. He became chief of their life cycle, cuts their borers and reduces the agency's finance division in 1946. Last deposits, and hurts egg hatchability con- egg Feeding livestock year he received a superior service award for siderably. Preliminary field sprays with outstanding work in fiscal affairs. Robert the disease been made, but spores of have Farmers' Bulletin No. 2052, "Better Feeding Schottler, who had been a-ssistant chief of itself is widespread in a natural the disease of Livestock," is a new revised edition written the finance division, now becomes chief. several Midwest States. More de- by workers in the Bureau of Dairy Industry state in Mr. Halligan plans to live in the family home Editor of by asking and the of Industry. tails on this from USDA Bureau Animal Send at Miami Shores, Fla. Prior to coming into to Inquiries and Distribution Service, Office for No. 2682. the Department in 1932 he had been with a of Information. company manufacturing . automobiles in Chemical fly baits Syracuse, N. RIF system simplified Y. Chemical baits used in recent trials at the Orlando, Pla., laboratory of USDA's Bureau The U. S. Civil Service Commission has an- Demonstration jubilee of Entomology and Plant Quarantine have nounced a new procedure designed to sim- General overhead land-grant colleges and proved more useful against resistant flies plify reduction-in-force procedures by reduc- Extension Service and Department commit- than any other treatment tried in the past ing from 23 to 6 the number of categories tee members are planning for the 50th anni- 3 years. Get further data by writing to the heretofore used. They were published in the versary next February of the establishment Editor of USDA for No. 2672. Federal Register on December 25 as a revi- of the first agricultural demonstration at sion of chapter 1, title 5, of the Code of the Porter farm near Terrell, Kaufman Regulations. "Slow as molasses" Federal County, Tex., supervised by Dr. Seaman A. Knapp. Cold weather may slow up the flow of The land-grant colleges are repre- sented molasses naturally, but the molasses indus- en the committee by Miss Helen Prout, Brief and choice Colorado; Miss Louise Rosenfeld, Iowa; C. M. try has found itself slowed down a lot lately anyhow. Available supplies exceed the pres- Ferguson, Ohio; and G. G. Gibson, Texas Home events (chairman). For the the ently developed capacities for its profitable Department mem- bers are W. A. Minor of the Secretary's Office, use. Hence a conference was held by the The National Conference for Home Fur- L. I. Jones, Extension Sugar Branch of the Production and Mar- nishings Specialists will convene in Chicago, Service; and Director of Extension L. Wilson (chairman). For keting Administration at Washington in April 26 through May 2, 1953. The services M. the November 1952. Readers wanting to get de- of Dorothy Iwig, home furnishing specialist Department the members are W. A. Minor of the Secretary's Office, L. I. Jones, tails of this meeting and the proposals made of Illinois, have been secured by the Fed- Exten- thereat may write to the Sugar Branch, eral Extension Office on a half-time basis sion Service; and Director of Extension M. L. Wilson (chairman). Details of bibliography, PMA for No. 17-M of the Sugar Reports. to arrange details of the event. The pro- grams are out for the National Workshop for history, and background data are being Home demonstration report Home Demonstration Leaders, at Oklahoma handled by Charles A. Sheffield, Althea A&M College, January 20-30, 1953. Thacker, and Lucinda Crile of the Extension Madge J. Reese of the Federal Extension Service; while mass information contacts will Service staff has prepared a general report Shahan to disease research be maintained in the Department by Lester of organized home demonstration work in A. Schlup, George Pace, Clara Ackerman, Joe the States. As a rule readers will be able Dr. Maurice S. Shahan, Bureau of Animal Tonkin, Josephine Hemphill, and E. R. to see copies at their State Colleges and Ex- Industry, will direct the new Plum Island Mclntyre. periment Stations where copies have been Animal Disease Research Institute to con- sent to all the Extension offices, 4-H club duct foot-and-mouth disease and other dan- Pittard retires gerous livestock diseases. A native of offices, and libraries. USDA has none to C. W. Pittard, Bureau of Entomology Nebraska, Dr. Shahan has administered pro- and distribute. Plant Quarantine, retired on November 30 grams in foreign countries where institutions after completing more than 22 years with the are cooperating with the Department, and Grad school folders Department. His first assignment was with is a recognized world authority on foot-and- the phony peach disease in Georgia in 1930 Folders giving the class schedules for the mouth disease. and continued with that work and peach spring semester of the USDA Graduate mosiac eradication and citrus canker con- School are ready for you upon application The EPQ'er club trol. For the past 9 years he has been work- to the business offiGe of the School, tele- Fullv 85 percent of the employees in the ing in the white-fringed beetle campaign at phone extension 6337. You can register Washington area of the Bureau of Ento- Gulfport. Miss. He now lives at Homer- January 24 through January 31, Mon- from mology and Plant Quarantine belong to the ville, Ga. days through Fridays 9:00 a. m. to 6:15 p. m. "EPQ'er club." It is affiliated with the USDA a. and and on Saturadys between 9:00 m. Welfare and Recreation Association. The New officers named 4:00 p. m. The term begins on February 2 present officers are Avery S. Hoyt, honorary The board of directors at the Springfield and ends on May 15, 1953. president; Harry H. Stage, active president; (Mass.) Bank "or Cooperatives announce the W. H. Wheeler, vice president; Mrs. M. L. election of J. Roberts Doe as executive vice Honors to USDA author Sykes, secretary; and L. B. Reed, treasurer. president as of January 2, 1953. S. E. Ronk Mrs. Helen A deHuarte has been made an becomes treasurer on t lat date. They ac- Cheap at the price honorary member of the International Mark cepted the resignation of G. W. Lamb, former Twain Society in recognition of her book of According to C. H. Pals, Meat Inspection executive vice president, who has joined a poems, "Michaelmas Spring," published by Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, the en- commercial company in New York City. Dorrance & Co., Philadelphia. She is a tire annual financial cost of Federal meat translator in the Rubber Plant Investiga- inspection of live animals and processed tions Division, Plant Industry Station, Belts- meat products figures to only 9 cents per JANUARY 14, 1953 Vol. XII, No. 1 ville, Md. capita for the U. S. population. USDA is published fortnightly for dis- tribution to employees only, by direction of Guide to tree books Walsh in new work the Secretary of Agriculture, and with ap- William A. Dayton of the Forest Service Robert M. Walsh, for the last 5 years proval of the Director of the Bureau of the is author of a bibliography of 381 titles of assistant and deputy director of the Fats and Budget (July 1, 1952), as containing admin- tree books and publications of the twentieth Oils Branch of the Production and Marketing istrative information required for the proper century which include those issued in Alaska Administration, began his new duties in transaction of the public business Retirees and all regions of the United States. It December as deputy assistant administrator who write the editor requesting it may con- should prove helpful to teachers, librarians, of marketing work conducted under the tinue to get USDA. Please write instead of students, and naturalists. As copies are Agricultural Marketing Act (RMA—Title II). phoning whenever possible; for rush orders scarce, write to the Superintendent of Docu- He began his USDA career as an economist in call Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of ments, Government Printing Office, Washing- the Bureau of Agricultural Economics in USDA, Office of Information, Department of ton 25, D. C, and send 15 cents per copy. 1934. Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

B. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 195* r s^' 1/***-o

M^'SHARE THIS COPY Grad school expands

BOSTON UNIVERSITY this year con- cluded an agreement with the USDA Graduate School for the cooperative establishment of educational programs for Federal employees in the Boston Metropolitan area. These programs are under the direction of the Institute of JKi'J^l Public Service and are offered in the eve- ning at the new university location on FOR JANUARY 28, 1953 Commonwealth Avenue. The Federal Personnel Council of Bos- ^WWXyWWVKWKM^OjSA/XWVuwyWMMM^W^W^V^lVMa^M ton established a committee to aid in the cooperative efforts of Boston University Our New Secretary and the Graduate School. After a sur- vey of the training needs of Federal EZRA TAFT BENSON has taken the establishments in New England, it was oath of office as the fifteenth Secretary decided that there was sufficient interest of Agriculture. Secretary Benson is a to justify offering three courses during nationally known farm leader and a the second semester 1952-53, these to be: member of the Quorum of Twelve Apos- (1) Position Classification in the Federal tles, Church of the Latter Day Saints, Service, (2) Techniques for Effective Salt Lake City, Utah. He was born at Supervision of Personnel, and (3) Fed-

Whitney, Idaho, August 4, 1899, the son eral Accounting Procedures ; each course of George Taft and Sara (Dunkley) Ben- to consist of seven meetings, of one hour son. and a half, extended over a period of He was a student at the Oneida State seven weeks. Academy, Preston, Idaho. His later The objectives of these courses is to provide training for Federal educational career is as follows: The employees Utah State Agricultural College, Logan, of sufficiently high quality to be accept- able by Federal Administrative Utah, 1918-21; B. S. from Brigham officers. Young University, Provo, Utah, 1926; Thus Boston University's Institute of Public Service is to be a regional training M. S. in agricultural economics, Iowa center for the Graduate School. How- State College, 1927; graduate study, Uni- ever, it was thought best to make the versity of California, 1937-38. courses available not only to Federal Secretary Benson operated a farm in employees, but to State and local gov- southern Idaho, 1923-29; married Flora Secretary Ezra Taft Benson ernment employees and interested pri- Smith Amussen, September 10, 1926; and vate business personnel as well. In order six children Reed, Mark, Barbara, the University of California, Berkeley, has — to satisfy training demands for all Beverly, Bonnie, and Flora Beth. In Calif. groups, an Advisory Council was estab- 1921-23 he served as a missionary for the He was a member and later the presi- lished consisting of executives active in Church of Jesus Christ Latter Day Saints dent of the Boise Stake of the Church Federal, State and local governments, in the British Isles and Europe. In of Latter Day Saints, Boise, Idaho, and certain students of public administra- 1929-30 he worked as a county agent for during his stay in Washington, D. C. he tion and scholars in the field. the University of Idaho Agricultural Ex- was president of the Washington Stake. Instruction will begin the week of Feb- tension Service at Preston, Idaho. From In 1946 he was named president of Euro- ruary 9; all classes will be conducted 1930 to 1938 Secretary Benson was ex- pean Missions for the Church. He from 6:30 to 8 p. m. at 725 Common- wealth Avenue, Boston. fee of tension economist and marketing spe- serves on two national Boy Scout com- A $10, collectible at the first class, will be cialist, in charge of economics and mittees, is now on the executive commit- charged for each course of seven meet- marketing work for the State of Idaho. tee of the National Boy Scouts of ings. Inquiries should be addressed to In the period of 1939-41 he served as America. He has always been deeply Boston University, Institute of Public executive secretary of the National concerned with 4-H clubs and all youth Service, 236 Bay State Road, Boston 15, Council of Farmer Cooperatives at welfare organizations. He belongs to the Mass. Washington, D. C. Since 1943 Secretary American Marketing Association, the Benson has been a member of the ex- Farm Economics Association, the Rotary Mahurin with OPEDA ecutive committee and was chairman of Club, and Delta Nu fraternity. He has The new executive officer of the Organiza- Employees of the Depart- the board of trustees, American Insti- been a frequent contributor to agricul- tion of Professional ment of Agriculture is L. T. Mahurin. For- tute of Cooperation at the time of his ture, cooperative, and religious publica- merly with the Forest Service here and in the Rocky Mountain and Northeastern Regions, nomination (now resigned) . He has been tions. He received the honorary recog- Mr. Mahurin was with the Office of Budget awarded scholarship, Gamma Sigma nition award from the College of Agri- and Finance when he retired in December 1950. Mr. Mahurin succeeds Dr. F. V. Rand. Delta, honorary society of agriculture, culture, University of Wisconsin, in B. Ralph Stauber, Bureau of Agricultural Iowa State College, and a fellowship at February 1952. Economics, is president of OPEDA. 287789° —53 30 to over 100 and its expenditures from Seed treatment is a new approach, the Tropical editing approximately a quarter of a million to best method being to apply it with nearly $1,200,000 a year. Its output of activated carbon which will absorb the ENGLISH TECHNICAL editor is the title research in print is prolific and of high systemic insecticide without becoming now of T. Swann Harding, former quality. The English-language manu- gummy but a very exact measurement USDA editor, who works with the Span- — scripts coming from Island authors are of the quantity used is essential lest low ish editor, E. Molinary- Sales for the well-organized, logical, and unusually seed germination or stunted seedlings Agricultural Experiment Station, Uni- well-written. Too much praise can result. versity of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, P. R. scarcely be given the Station's women Hazards incidental to the application But they work 1,500 land miles apart. clerk-typists for their excellent use of of systemic poisons against insects, Harding carries on his editorial activi- English; they must be truly bilingual, which also often arise under present ties mostly at his home, 4 Cookman, Re- taking dictation in English or Spanish as methods of insecticide application, may hoboth Beach, Del., with such travel as needed, and at salaries we would regard be expected to continue and be a deciding he needs to visit the USDA and the print- as surprisingly low. factor in adopting and perfecting their ers in Baltimore and in Greenville, S. C, future use. How long will the toxic who issue the Station's Journal of Agri- hazard remain after the application of culture and its scientific bulletins and Suicide for suckers systemic compounds? The Bureau spe- technical papers. The quarterly Jour- MUCH PROGRESS has been made in the cialists emphasize that all such com- nal and most of the latter categories are practical application of certain systemic presently in use are poisonous in English. pounds insecticide compounds, through current and must be handled with care. Much Sr. Molinary-Sales is himself a re- research in all States and many foreign more research is needed to test each and search agronomist of considerable note countries. These are poisonous com- every such new compound before it can and is familiar with all aspects of Puerto pounds fed into plants which kill suck- be safely recommended for general use. Rican agriculture as well as of the Eng- ing insects which injure them. Accord- lish language. Director Arturo Roque ing to workers in our Bureau of Ento- Dan Currie moves of the Station, is a native of Ponce, and mology and Plant Quarantine, there are Daniel A. Currie, who has heen with our a graduate of the College of Agricul- Office of Personnel for several years, has probably at least two dozen compounds ture and Mechanic Arts in Mayaguez, transferred to the Commodity Exchange known to have systemic insecticidal Authority as an executive officer. specializing in plant genetics and pathol- properties, but only two of them have ogy, and with a degree at Cornell. He Rubber workers change reached a stage of practical use here. Rands has retired as head of the appreciates the urgent need for translat- Dr. R. D. One of them is schradan, often called Division of Rubber Investigations in the ing the findings of his large staff in this Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agri- "OMPA," while the other one is the is succeeded by Tropic Zone research station to fit the cultural Engineering. He active ingredient of "Systox." Aphids, Dr. Marion W. Parker. Dr. Rands' retire- requirements of the average Puerto noteworthy service in or plant lice, and spider mites—and to ment closes 32 years of Rican farmer. The Station has recently the Bureau. He will live in Lake Wales, some extent, mealeybugs —are the groups Fla., on his citrus farm. Dr. Parker joined become an important port of call for of sucking insects against which systemic the Division in March 1952 to direct work on Point IV visitors from all over the world. insecticides thus far have been most suc- hevea. Puerto Rico is a land of rapidly in- cessful. Mindrum directs 4-H agency creasing population, and has its own The Bureau calls attention to the prac- Norman C. Mindrum, recently assistant peculiar problems in plant and animal 4-H club leader in Minnesota, is the new tical requirements which must be con- executive director of the National 4-H Club production to solve. Most published ag- sidered in a systemic insecticide com- Foundation Inc. He succeeds Ed W. Aiton, research resigned to resume youth work with the ricultural was done in the Tem- injure plants at who pound. It must not Cooperative Extension Service. Mr. Min- perate Zone and the findings simply do concentrations high enough to kill in- drum served as county agent in Winona not fit tropical conditions. All plants Minn., as vocational agricul- sects. It must be something that a County, and a and animals must be retested in this ture teacher, and spent 2 years in the U. S. plant can absorb and transport through Navy. Island which, though only 100 by 35 miles its sap system. It must be fairly lasting migrations" in extent, has more than 225 distinct soil "Mass and not break down quickly. Finally, it Some 160 employees at 50 locations were types, a rainfall varying from 40 or under must decompose into harmless com- transferred late in November to the Bureau to over 200 inches annually, elevations of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural pounds or be evaporated so that no Engineering from the Soil Conservation Serv- ranging from sea level to 4,400 feet, and poisonous residues will stay on the sur- ice. At the same time, 180 people were several definite climatic zones. face of the fruit or plant for human or moved with the division of soil survey over The Station's scientists are well to the Soil Conservation Service. This animal consumption. change was based on Secretary's memoran- trained and have mostly done graduate Three main ways to apply such sys- dum No. 1318 to establish responsibilities work, or perhaps taken their undergrad- more clearly, prevent duplication, and facili- temic insect poisons are noted. Soil tate joint programs. uate degrees here in the United States. applications can be made prior to plant- very few of them are Americans or Pechanec range chief A ing by mixing the material with the soil "Continentals," as they are called there. Joseph F. Pechanec, Pacific Northwest For- or seed-bed, or by using side applications est and Range Experiment Station, and a The Station maintains four combined to growing plants. This usually takes worker in the Forest Service since 1933, is substations and seed farms and plans to the new head of the Division of Forest Re- more insecticide, but its effect lasts search. He replaces W. Ridgely Chapline, establish three others. These are focal longer, they believe. Spraying the ma- who retired to take a position with Food and Agriculture Organization. Mr. Pechanec points for the dissemination of the latest terial on plants has several advantages, has a long and serviceable career to his scientific information to farmers, and as less of the insecticide is needed, the credit, among which was service with the U. S. Sheep Experiment Station at Dubois, they also sell them high-germinating, plants take it up faster, and one may Idaho. His successor as head of the range pure-line seed at cost. choose the best time for applying it direct research work in Washington and Oregon is Costello of the Rocky Mountain During the term of Director Roque the during the season. Its drawback is the David F. Forest and Range Experiment Station at Station staff has increased from around possibility of harming beneficial insects. Ft. Collins, Colo.

USDA: January 28, 1953 Said on the side Brief and choice

TWO STATEMENTS regarding the poli- AFTER SANTA'S jingle bells died away "Barnstormers" cies and attitudes governing the relations off in the hills, the folks up in our old During the past year approximately 5,300 people visited the dairy station at Beltsville; between farm cooperative associations valley began to look eagerly for the they came singly and in groups. About 4,000 and the USDA were issued to the public cheerful, red-faced rural carrier with his were from, 44 States, the Philippines, and in 1952. One was Secretary's Memoran- welcome stacks of seed and nursery cata- Puerto Rico; and 1,300 were from 57 foreign countries. dum No. 1307 of March 24, 1952; and logs. There's nothing in the world to the other was a basic statement on the perk you up more in a dreary winter Agronomy fellows-elect relations between the Extension Service season than to get plenty of fresh, high Noted among the annual choices of fel- lows-elect by the American Society of direc- and farmers' cooperatives made to the colored horticultural catalogs with Agronomy are three well known scientists at Secretary's Advisory Committee on Co- tions on ordering and planting. I've the Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Md. They are Burton B. Bayles, James E. Mc- operatives by designated subcommittee never seen a country boy yet even when a — Murtrey, and Roy W. Simonson. Total reg- in December 1952. he gets shoved by fate into some metrop- istration at the Society's meeting in 1952 was a record 1,193. Dallas, Texas, will get the No. 1307 simply reaffirmed and olis who didn't hanker for those cata- Memo — 1953 meeting. accepted the established policy prevail- logs and what they stood for. You didn't ing for many years in respect to USDA have to believe all the wonderful prom- Object to quota drives The Employee Council of and farm cooperatives. It repeated the ises in them any more than you had to the Production and Marketing Administration in December intention to: (1) Encourage sound de- believe in fairies or the embroidered 1952 asked that no more quota drives among velopment and effective use of coopera- mottoes like "truth crushed to earth will workers be made for charity. They re- quested all USDA-sponsored organizations rise again." They just sort of repre- tives; (2) Provide research, educational, such as Red Cross, Community Chest and the and advisory services to rural people sented life and what everyday folks like, to send out self-addressed envelopes so wanted to do and liked to hope might employees may mail the gifts they wish to about cooperatives; (3) Give due con- make. sideration to cooperatives in performance happen if you kept your shirt on and of the Department's functions; (4) Give worked hard. It just took a grain of "Limit your citations" full agency support to whatever specific faith, which the Bible says stands for S. B. Herrell of the Office of Personnel has reminded agency heads that nominations of "the substance of things hoped for and functions such agency is authorized to employees for the Honor Awards bestowed in carry out; (5) Coordinate the various the evidence of things not seen." You May 1953 should be sent to the Office of Personnel by February 15, 1953. Along with activities agencies co- never got disgusted and slammed these of USDA with the nominations made for distinguished and operatives to make them effective; and catalogs in the stove because the bounty superior awards, lists of individuals eligible to receive 40- and 50-year length-of-service (6) Direct the USDA efforts toward berries and marvel melons didn't quite awards should be included. strengthening cooperatives as member- come up to what was expected of them. controlled self-help organizations that All you did was vow to try it again and Federal employee hints operate in the public interest. not let any neighbor get a chance to brag According to Charles F. Parker, manage- ment analyst, Bureau of the Budget, more latest statement, Extension about some new plant you'd somehow In the than 600,000 suggestions from Federal em- Service accepted the responsibility for overlooked in the latest brochure. You ployees have been received in the past 6 been paid providing information about coopera- knew that testing them out was the only years, for which $3,750,000 have in awards. But these suggestions, it is not out tives directed toward at least three good way to make sure you would be explained, resulted in savings of $125,000,000 ends—establishment of new associations the "last to lay the old aside." In gen- for the Government. improvement in op- eral that's the way progress came to our where needed; the Alabama seed lab eration organization of associations old valley and stayed there. A country and Grain Branch of the Production and Mar- already set up; and a better understand- boy just can't keep on wasting time and keting Administration has set up a new laboratory at Montgomery, Ala. ing of cooperatives by farmer members hopes with the old varieties and methods. Federal seed Its address is Room 212, Old Post Office Build- He's willing to trade a little disappoint- and nonmembers, as well as the public. ing, 152 Dexter Avenue, Montgomery 4, Ala. ment now for a possible ten-strike later comprises L. N. Allen, H. B. Byrd, It also recognized that the responsibil- The staff Harris. on. So that's why the seed catalogs be- Mrs. Janetta Leveque, and Elizabeth ity for giving counsel and guidance in come real harbingers of spring, to bring any particular situation rests with other Office consolidations us sweet solace amid the snows. They Mar- agencies besides the Extension Service, County locations of Production and make you smell the upturned loam and keting Administration, Soil Conservation both inside USDA and those of State and Farmers Home Administration see the friendly robin following your Service, and 1952 were consolidated in farm organization nature. It endorsed as of November busy spade in search of the same things 1,840 counties, or 61 percent of the 3,006 Extension offices. in-service training of county you are looking for—abundance, happi- counties with USDA workers and others along cooperative ness, something to work for, and peace Jesse B. Hearin retires lines, and urged the interstate exchange in our time. Jesse B. Hearin has retired as president of of experiences and teaching aids. In its the Production Credit Corporation of New He became president when the cor- subcommittee report said Orleans. conclusion, the Motion picture symposium poration was formed to supervise and help PCAs in Alabama, Louisiana, that many cooperative leaders and those Dedicated to improved motion picture capitalize the He continually emphasized work by Department workers and State col- and Mississippi. serving them need to know more about function of PCAs was designed to lege associates, and not open to the general tfeat the small farmers. The the Extension system and the contribu- symposium is being held Jan- serve both large and public, a have made good 26-28 by the Motion Pictures Service units in this district tion it can make to education in the co- uary half of the Information. It will include progress. On December 31, 1952, of the Office of completely mem- operative field. It pointed out that new writing and planning, basic camera PCAs in the district were script the others anticipate work and lighting effects, editing film, and ber-owned and most of programs of joint activities in keeping 1953. Mi". Hearin was screening, projection and development fea- reaching that goal in information to farmers with changing needs can make Exten- with a special period for television interested in getting tures— pasture improvement, techniques. This will be similar to the on soil conservation, sion-Cooperative relations even better in growing, and better living "ptiblications workshop" that proved popu- increased livestock South. the future. lar in November. conditions in the

3 USDA: January 28, 1953 Anniversary Goes to grassroots South pulpwood leader The U. S. civil service is 70 years old. Pres- The final report on the 1951 Agricultural In 1951 the South produced 56 percent of ident Chester A. Arthur signed the original Conservation Program assistance reveals all the pulpwood cut in the Nation. Georgia Civil Service Act on January 16, 1883. On grasslands improvement far ahead of all was the largest producer, its 2.3 million cords all outgoing mail matter from the United other farm practices for which payments were representing 9 percent of the United States States Civil Service Commission appears the made. Over 77 percent of the money went to output, says Forest Service. slogan: "The Merit System a Good Invest- — get more grass culture and its soil conserving They sure "know beans" ment in Good Government." features. The bean inspection manual issued by Corn grows up E. J. Murphy associates Shooting and seeding and of the Grain A six-point program aimed at better yields Branch, Production and Marketing Admin- of corn per acre is the subject of one of the A new wrinkle in Virginia's forest con- istration, shows clearly that trained and latest film productions from the Depart- servation program has been cited in a letter certified graders must know beans whether ment's motion picture studio. Russ Ander- to USDA by William Clave, blister rust con- the bag is open or spilled. One hardly knew son, Dick Fryer, Martin Lobdell, and Dan trol project leader in Greenfield, Mass. there were so many varieties and classes. Milner from the Motion Pictures Service vis- "Everyone who applies for a hunter's license To give a few they list therein: medium ited farms in Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, Ohio, will receive a packet of 10 pine tree seeds white, marrow, flat small white, white kid- and North and South Carolina in shooting for planting in the woods. White pine will ney, light red, dark red, and Western kidney, the picture. Film distribution should be be planted by hunters in mountain zones, yelloweye, small red, pink, Bayo, Lima, Mung. possible prior to next spring's planting time. short leaf pine by those who hunt in the blackeye, cranberry, Pinto, Great Northern, Piedmont area, and loblolly pine by sports- and pea beans. "Me a bureaucrat?" men in the Tidewater." Counting cones That's one of the punchlines in the extra short fill-in motion-picture film produced by Invisible insecticide Loblolly pines will produce more cones this year than usual in the coastal plains of the U. S. Civil Service Commission, using the The insecticide "malathon" has proved ef- Virginia and North Carolina, according to Federal Meat Inspection Service as an exam- fective in the control of several insects and a forecast of the seed crop made in the last ple of creditable public service. It is being mites. What's more, it disappears promptly summer by the Southeastern Forest Experi- widely distributed in the regular recruitment after the job is done. Entomologists of ment Station and associates at Asheville, N. C. program and to help dispel misleading be- USDA report that deposits of the chemical They get their data by counting the conelets liefs about the quality of personnel work- are lost so quickly from fruits and vegetables that will make next year's crop, and then ing for the Government. that it appears to be one of the safest me- compare this with the of large cones diums to use. Residues from the spraying number that are maturing this fall. It was also "Use their hats for offices" of malathon on all crops, except peaches, found that 26 percent of the 1952 cones were Rural Electrification Administration, were down to a fraction of one part per mil- attacked by insects. which assembles its field staff once a year for lion or less within 2 weeks. a general pow-wow, now sponsors interim Market research meetings also, on a somewhat smaller scale. Pet food report Summary of Agricultural Marketing Act Since REA has no field or regional offices, its the (title II) marketing research, service, and field staff work out of their homes and use In 1947 when Animal Foods Inspection Division in the of educational work and allotments for fiscal their hats for offices. They depend upon was set up Bureau Animal year 1952 : Marketing costs, margins, correspondence to keep them abreast of pol- Industry to inspect, certify and regulate and labeling of foods, efficiency, $809,980; improvement icy changes. But at the interim conferences proper canned animal a and evalua- total of 93 million were handled. In tion of product quality, $1,168,576: improve- the personnel afield meet headquarters offi- pounds the 1952 fiscal year inspection conducted ments in market organization facilities. cials and get the latest facts. One strong was and in 24 plants in 19 cities for a total of 468.6 $1,756,820; collection, analysis, and dissemi- feature of all meetings is a "gripe session" million pounds, which was an increase of nation of market data, at which no holds are barred. $1,058,924: over-all about 7 million pounds over the year pre- administration, $167,700; total, $4,962,000. Harvard fellowships vious. Moreover, 118 labels and designs were approved for use at inspected plants. Casein splitting has been distributed to A memorandum Only 26 out of 129 samples of foods and Some 70 million pounds of the milk pro- Department agency heads relative to the Lu- ingredients intended for use in animal foods tein called "casein" are used in this country cius N. Littauer Fellowships at Harvard were rejected last year by the Bureau. Dr. every year. Our Bureau of Agricultural and University for men who have had some ex- is the supervisor of this D. W. Glasscock work Industrial Chemistry says that casein is perience in public service and with academic and clerical work is by Wilma E. Oppelt. really composed of three caseins alpha-, ability personal promise. These fellow- — and beta-, and gamma-casein. They have de- ships in the social sciences carry stipends up Food saies lesson vised practical ways to separate each of these to $2,100, with awards adjusted to the needs component caseins and find them very much individual students. Full Better selling methods, careful handling, of information different in composition and properties. and attractive arrangement of perishable and application blanks may be had by Strange enough, these three separate forms writing 118 Littauer Center, Harvard Uni- foods are points of value both to producers to of casein always occur in milk in the ratio versity, Cambridge 38, Mass. The deadline and constimers which are being emphasized of 16: 4: 1. for filing applications is March 15, 1953. in courses of training sponsored by the Fruit and Vegetable Branch of the Production and Farm account record Marketing Administration. These courses, Federal "best seller?" Callahan, Extension Service, informs attended by employees of wholesale and re- E. F. In making public results of a survey made us that ES-29, "Farm Income and Expense tail produce merchants, have been held in for the Joint Congressional Economic Com- is off the press. It was developed 39 states, the District of Columbia, and Ha- Record," mittee by the National Planning Association the of farmers waii and included 60 service wholesalers and and designed to meet need in regard' to existing old-age pension systems, wish to keep records of their income 27,000 retailers. The training is conducted who Senator O'Mahoney, Wyoming, chairman, basis for income tax by qualified instructors of the United Fresh and expenses on a cash predicted the bulletin will be a "best seller" Fruit and Vegetable Association under an reporting purposes. There are blank head- by the Superintendent of Documents, Gov- RMA contract with the Fruit and Vegetable ings and cut-off pages that really provide a ernment Printing Office. Readers get may Branch. continuing record of capital assets to reduce copies there at 30 cents each. the work of transferring records into a new Fewer renewals book each year. USDA has no copies to send Memorial lectures you. A major event for 1953 at the USDA Minnesota Experiment Station Bulletin Graduate School is the lecture series for the 410, "Loans of Production Credit Associations to Minnesota points marked Jump-McKillop Memorial that began early in Farmers," out a JANUARY 28, 1953 Vol. XII, No. 2 January. The supervising committee has difference in the average period of time that invited distinguished speakers to present dif- loans are outstanding—those of PCA ran for USDA is published fortnightly for distribu- ferent aspects of the subject, "Executive- about 10.6 months, and commercial bank tion to employees only, by direction of the Legislative Relations." This new lectui* loans for 3.3 months. It shows that two- Secretary of Agriculture, and with approval series is in honor of William A. Jump and thirds of the bank loans were renewals, of the Director of the Bureau of the Budget Thomas McKillop who were active in the de- whereas only about one-tenth of the total (July 1, 1952), as containing administrative velopment of the Graduate School. Speakers advanced by the PCAs involved a renewal. Information required for the proper transac- listed through February include Harold S. The study seems to indicate, as Farm Credit tion of the public business. Retirees who Persons, Forest Service; Judge Marvin Jones, Administration points out, that even though write the editor requesting it, may continue United States Court of Appeals, Ernest Grif- some commercial banks have followed the to get USDA. Please write instead of phon- fith, director legislative reference service, lead of the cooperatives, production credit ing whenever possible; for rush orders call Library of Congress, and Hon. Clifford Hope, associations still provide loans better suited Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of chairman of the House Committee on Agri- to the farm business than can often be ob- USDA, Office of Information. Department of culture. tained elsewhere. Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1953 . ejy^j- SHARE THIS COPY New Under Secretary TRUE D. MORSE, Under Secretary of Agriculture, was president of the Doane Agricultural Service, Inc., St. Louis, Mo., from 1943 to 1952 and was recently i _ la.1-^ elected chairman of the board of that '.'. 2 :Z. organization. He has also been editor of the Doane Agricultural Digest since 1938, a twice-monthly service which is used as a farm management and business guide FOR FEBRUARY 11, 1953 in all States and in several foreign coun- wywwwwyywyywwyM»»^*^*^»^*»A^wyywwwwwwwMyww^wMxw^^wyw tries. Under the Doane Agricultural Service, farms are managed, appraisals Forest Service, Office of Foreign Agri- are made, and special services are ren- Realignment cultural Relations, Soil Conservation dered regularly in about 25 States. Service, and Agricultural Conservation Mr. EZRA TAFT BENSON, Secretary of Ag- Morse was born on a farm at Programs Branch (transferred from Carthage, riculture, announced on January 22 that Mo. He graduated in agri- PMA). For an interim period the ACP culture from the University of Missouri he is regrouping the Department's serv- Branch will use facilities and field serv- where he was a member of such honorary ices into four divisions for administra- ice of PMA in carrying out the Agri- fraternities as Alpha Zeta, tive purposes. Another division, that of Gamma cultural Conservation Program. The Sigma Delta, Alpha Phi Zeta, and the the Solicitor's Office, will remain as pres- Research, Extension and Land-Use social professional fraternity of ently constituted. Alpha Group will also be responsible for flood Gamma Rho. Prior to 1925, Mr. Morse "This action," stated Secretary Benson, prevention and land and water utiliza- was an economist with the University of "will make possible a closer coordination tion programs. Missouri, after farming for about 5 years. of related activities. All the regrouped Departmental Administration Group: He served as president of the American agencies retain their present structure Richard D. Aplin, Assistant to the Sec- Society of Farm Managers and Rural with the exception of the Agricultural retary—Hearing Examiners, Library, Appraisers in 1941 and is one of the Conservation Program. This will be Office of Budget and Finance, Office of originators of the American Rural Ap- transferred from the Production and Information, Office of Personnel, and praisal System. He is a member of the Marketing Administration and placed Office of Plant and Operations. Missouri bar and is well known as a with the Research, Extension and Land- The four group heads, along with Sec- lecturer and author. Use Group. retary Benson; True D. Morse, Under Other positions Mr. Morse has held "What we intend is a gradual stream- Secretary; Karl D. Loos, Solicitor; the or now holds are: Vice President of the lining of the Department's services in the executive and administrative assistants American Farm Economics Association; interest of economy and greater effi- and such consultants as are designated, Director of the Mutual Savings Life In- ciency. The action is taken after weeks will form a policy forming and planning surance Company; Director of the Foun- of study and conferences with congres- group that will meet weekly to chart the dation for American Agriculture; Trustee sional leaders, the members of the Presi- course of the new agricultural adminis- and Executive Secretary of the Agri- tration, according to Mr. Benson. dent's Committee on Reorganization, our cultural Institute ; Trustee and Secretary own Interim Agricultural Advisory Com- of the National Council for Community mittee, and members of the Hoover Com- Improvement; and a faculty member of mission." the School of Banking at the University of Wisconsin. The four groups, the agencies in each, Mr. Morse is a member of the Christian and the officials who will head them are: Church and has served as president of Commodity Marketing and Adjust- his church in St. Louis. He is also a ment Group: John H. Davis, President, trustee of the non-denominational Bible CCC—Commodity Credit Corporation, College of Columbia, Mo., which operates Commodity Exchange Authority, Federal in cooperation with the University of Crop Insurance Corporation, and Pro- Missouri. Mr. Morse married the former duction and Marketing Administration Mary Louise Hopkins of Sedalia, Mo., and (except Agricultural Conservation Pro- they have one son, a second lieutenant in

grams Branch > the Army, who is stationed at Fort Bliss, Agricultural Credit Group: Romeo E El Paso, Tex. Short, Assistant to the Secretary Farm — United entomologists Credit Administration, Farmers Home A stronger, more closely knit, and service- Administration, and Rural Electrification able unit that will represent all professional Administration. entomologists in all fields of endeavor is the new Entomological Society of America that Research, Extension, and Land-Use started officially January 1, 1953. It is a Group: J. Earl Coke, Assistant Secre- merger of the two foremost entomological groups in the country, the American Associa- tary of Agriculture —Agricultural Re- tion of Economic Entomologists and the En- search Administration, Bureau of Agri- tomological Society of America. A perma- nent staff will manage the new society's cultural Economics, Extension Service, Under Secretary True D. Morse affairs.

239802°— 53 specialist in agronomy at the University Secretary's greeting New Assistant Secretary of California. He is a member of the IN HIS first official communication to J. EARL COKE, Assistant Secretary of agricultural committee of the San Fran- Department heads and service employees, Agriculture, has been Director of the cisco Chamber of Commerce. Secretary Benson stated his position as Agricultural Extension Service in Cali- In 1922 Mr. Coke was married to follows: fornia since 1949, and for approximately Madeline Fulton, with whom he had

"It is a great, although unexpected, honor 30 years his agricultural career has been attended high school in Ontario. They to have been asked by President Dwight D. divided between public service and pri- have two married sons, James E. Coke, Eisenhower to serve as Secretary of Agricul- vate industry. Before serving Di- ture. I approach the task humbly, realiz- as Jr., who is a student in architecture at ing the grave and far-reaching responsibili- rector of Extension in California, he was the University of California. The other, ties I have assumed. I assure you I am vice president of the Spreckels Sugar Thomas R. Coke, is student at State fully aware of the important contribution a the employees of this great Department have Company in charge of operations. College, San Jose, Calif. made to its accomplishments, and to the As a State Extension Director, Mr. service it has rendered to agriculture and to Coke stressed the importance of bring- the entire Nation. It is a pleasure to be List Other Leaders associated with the many hard-working, con- ing agricultural services closer to the scientious employees in the Department who farmer. In California, ANNOUNCEMENT of the following top over many years have built up a tradition for where 200 or effective public service. I am looking for- more different crops are grown, this was positions in the Department to serve with all of and hope that ward to meeting you, done by developing agricultural special- Secretary Benson have been made: arrangements to do so can be made soon. E. "We can all be proud of the men who have ists to serve the greatly varied needs of Romeo Short, a farmer and farm or- ganization leader and former vice president been asked to assume positions of leadership farmers in that State. Special atten- on the Department's staff. They are men of the American Farm Bureau Federation, of competence, with years of successful ex- tion was given to 4-H Club work under from Brinkley, Ark., to be Assistant to the Secretary, perience. Most of them are serving at great Mr. Coke's directorship, membership in in charge of the Agricultural financial sacrifice because they have a deep Credit Group. these clubs in the State having risen sense of public duty and a desire to be of John H. Davis, Boston. Mass., former gen- service to agriculture. from 16,000 in 1949 to the present figure eral manager of the National Wool Marketing recognize Cooperative, previously "As public servants, we must of 22,000. Mr. Coke also has been active executive secretary the duty and responsibility we have to serve of the National Council of Farmer Coopera- the public efficiently and well. The people in developing certified seed programs in tives, and for a time with the U. S. Depart- of this country have a right to expect that California. ment of Agriculture, to be president of the everyone of us will give a full day's work Commodity Credit Corporation and Head of for a day's pay. They have a right to expect The new Assistant Secretary is a na- the Commodity Marketing and Adjustment that we will find more effective and economi- tive of California. He was born May Group. cal ways of doing our Job. In these times 28, 1900, on a dairy farm near Downey. Richard D. Aplin, a native of Vermont, and of unprecedented public debt and continued former market administrator of the Federal high Federal expenditures, the public right- He attended high school at Ontario, milk marketing orders for the Greater Boston even greater fully expects us to put forth Calif., and was graduated in agriculture and three Massachusetts milk marketing effort to effect savings in Government opera- areas, to be an Assistant to the Secretary tions and to reduce public expenses. Ful- from the University of California in and Head of the Departmental Administra- fillment of this responsibility will require 1923, where he specialized in agronomy. tion Group. support of every the undivided loyalty and Karl D. Loos, a Washington, D. C, attorney in the Depart- His agricultural career began as an as- agency head and employee and native of Iowa, to be Department Solic- as a team if are to ment. We must work we sistant county agent in San Luis Obispo itor. meet the problems that lie ahead and render County. He later became an extension Howard D. Gordon, Richmond, the greatest possible service to the farmers Va., a native of North Carolina, to be Administrator of America, the entire agricultural industry, of the Production and Marketing Administra- and to this great and good country we love tion. Mr. Gordon has been serving as as- so much. sistant manager for the Southern States "A very careful study of the organization Cooperative. and activities of the Department indicates the need for better and more effective co- D. K. Broadhead, San Marino, Calif., to be ordination of the various functions and Executive Assistant to the Secretary. Dr. Paarlberg, agricultural activities. With this in mind, and as an Don economist of University, to initial step toward improved coordination in Purdue be Assistant to the departmental direction and management, Secretary. agencies and functions of the Department Whitney Gtllilland, lawyer of Glenwood, shall be grouped as indicated, effective Iowa, to be Assistant to the Secretary on immediately." Relations with State Departments of Agri- culture. John C. Davis, farm editor, Cleveland Auchter tribute Plain Dealer, to be an Administrative Assist- In the December 26. 1952. issue of "Science" ant in the Office of the Secretary. magazine of the American Association for the Frederick W. Babbel, Salt Lake City, Utah, Advancement of Science, appears a tribute to be an Administrative Assistant to the to the memory of Eugene Curtis Auchter, by Secretary. Frederick D. Ritchey, Tennessee Agricultural Additional sketches of the careers of these Experiment Station. Dr. Auchter's leader- executives will appear in forthcoming issues. ship in establishing the Plant Industry Sta- tion at Beltsville, Md.. is featured. He headed the Agricultural Research Adminis- Extension's anniversary tration from 1942 through 1945. Do you know that Dr. Seaman Knapp was a Mothproofing woolen native of New York, editor of the Western Stock Journal, and president of Iowa State With USDA's newly developed compound College before he started farm demonstra- called EQ-53 one can mothproof blankets, tions in the South? Would you like back- sweaters and other washable woolens by ground data about early days of extension pouring a few spoonfuls of the solution into work, and a good bibliography of extension the washing machine or in a tub or wash reading references? All these and more are basin. The product is expected to be avail- on tap, either from your nearest State Ex- able in commercial amounts late in the com- tension Editor's office or from the Division ing spring. It is a mixture of DDT and of Extension Information in the Federal certain chemical carriers, developed and Extension Service here. Considerable bibli- tested by Hamilton Laudani and associates at ographical references will also be found in the Savannah, Ga., laboratory of the Bureau most State agricultural colleges and experi- of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. Howard Gordon Romeo Short ment station libraries.

USDA: February 11 1953 T : —

research. It is intended for all who Home Telephone Co., New Haven, W. Va.; Extension Service Head Home Telephone Co., Simpson, S. C; Cap care to help in a South-wide advance on Rock Rural Telephone Cooperative, Inc., C. M. FERGUSON, former director of the the broad front of forest genetics and Spur, Tex.; Lafourche Telephone Co., Golden La.; Poka-Lambro Rural Telephone Ohio Agricultural Extension Service, was who seek help and suggestions on proper Meadow, Cooperative, Tahoka, Tex.; South Plains Rural named director of the Federal Extension procedure. They suggest projects in the Telephone Association, Lubbock, Tex. Service in the Department by Secretary geographic sources of seed and applica- Florala Telephone Co., Florala, Ala.; Badger Telephone Co., Webster, Wis.; Belmont Tele- Benson. Mr. Ferguson is chairman of tion of genetics to its collection for phone Co., Platteville, Wis.; Emery County the Extension Committee on Organiza- planting stock. They will study selec- Farmers Union Telephone Cooperative, Orangeville, Utah; Molino Telephone Co., tion and Policy of the American Associa- tion, anatomy, breeding techniques, Molino, Fla.; Ringgold Telephone Co., Ring- tion of Land Grant Colleges and Uni- methods for control of flowering and gold, La.; Eureka Telephone Co., Corydon, versities. fruiting, methods of vegetative propaga- Ind.; Hancock Rural Telephone Corp., Green- field, Ind.; Danielsville & Comer Telephone M. L. Wilson, former head of the Fed- tion, and perfection of suitable equip- Co., Comer, Ga. eral Extension Service, will continue as ment for pollen collecting and extract- counselor, and probably will work with a ing, protecting cones from pests, better Equines exit major foundation in allied fields. At facilities for climbing mature trees to present Mr. Wilson is overseas visiting collect cones, and finally, for storing and THIS COULD be the universal term de- extension projects in the Far East. transporting pollen of all important noting a mighty shift in farm power The incoming director of the Extension genera. from horses to electricity, motor fuels Service was born on a farm in Ontario, Can- They have named standing subcom- and the internal combustion engine. ada, June 21, 1899 and was graduated from friends at Cornell University have the Ontario Agricultral College at Guelph mittees as follows: On geographic Our in 1921, specializing in animal science. From sources of seed, P. C. Wakeley, chairman; sold all their famous Belgian drafters, 1922 to 1928 he was at Michigan State College F. Cossitt, chair- leaving one old specimen named "Rex" at East Lansing where he was an extension on genetic control, M. poultry specialist and also taught agricul- main; on selection and breeding, Keith as the last of his coltish clan. But sel- ture. In 1928 he spent the year at Bogota, W. Dorman, chairman; and on progeny dom do college students learn the fine Colombia, organizing an experiment station for the Colombian government. testing, E. G. Weisehuegel, chairman. points of fetlocks and withers and pas- Mr. Ferguson's early interest in livestock Several guideline circulars have already terns or conduct research in multiple has continued throughout his career. He hitches and the cure of glanders. Out in was a member of a stock judging team while been prepared and distributed by the at college. He began his work with the Ex- committees and a real forward move- our old valley the neigh of the foal is tension Service at Ohio State University in heard no more, the currycomb is buried 1929 as a poultry specialist and in 1948 this ment is anticipated. service culminated in his appointment as di- in the dust of ancient mangers, the har- rector of the Agricultural Extension Service ness hangs stiff and mildewed and pull- for the State. Phone loans rise He took an active part in organizing the ing matches are no longer regular county Ohio Animal Nutrition Conference, which is "WE IN Rural Electrification Adminis- fair "thrill-binders." Our diligent Crop held annually at Ohio State University and tration are greatly heartened by the Reporting Board will soon announce an- which has grown to be nationally important. He has been a strong supporter of 4-H Club speed-up in the rural telephone program other huge slice cut from the farm horse leader of the work and was a local 4-H Club in the past few months," declares Ad- population possibly below 3 million South Perry Garden and Livestock 4-H Club — ministrator Claude R. Wickard. in Ohio for six years. As Director of Exten- head. Last January the report was sion in Ohio he has emphasized the need for "Over 200 telephone organizations in 4,370,000 horses and colts on our farms, strengthening Extension work and developed 39 States have become REA borrowers, a State-wide Extension Advisory Committee or not quite one nag to a farm. How which has lay representation from each of and their number is increasing every different indeed from the peak era of the State's 88 counties. day. We are making headway in proc- bouncing draft horse popularity at the essing the many requests coming into shows and fairs and on the busy farms For better trees REA daily for telephone loans. Greatly back in 1915 when 21,400,000 of them FOREST TREES like pasture lands, have increased advances of funds to telephone did field and belt and road work for their too often been left to themselves with- organizations reflect the extent of con- oats, bran mash and straw bedding. In out the care and breeding skill that has struction progress and the installation of the not distant future the city zoos and done so much to improve fruits, vege- modern telephones in greater numbers the agricultural museums will proudly tables and cereals as cash crops. Today on the nation's farms. boast the last visible specimens of de- the U. S. Forest Service and its allies "Through the recent reorganization, parted Dobbin, guarded from vandalism REA was able to put more employees into and branch stations are vigorously at- like the shaggy buffalo, driven to extinc- tacking the the program. But the greatest impetus problem of widespread im- tion like the wind before the horse-drawn provement of tree species and varities to the program has come not from REA prairie schooners of the pioneers. Men through applied genetics in all its forms. but from the rural people themselves who have written odes to the dog, histrionic A standing committee, for instance, want and need more and better tele- eulogies to grass, and epic poems to the now links State, Federal, industrial, and phone service. Local initiative is at Texas longhorns—but few there are who educational forestry groups with the ob- work again. Thus, the accomplishments pause between push buttons and switches jective of fostering and encouraging to date are a tribute to that initiative. to lift one sublime rural tribute to the practical ways to improve the native "Rural telephone officials say that they patient old farm horse whose trees of the South. It is called The need specialized REA assistance to help stout and Committee on Southern Forest Tree Im- them design and operate their systems powerful muscles really made agricul- provement, with headquarters at the more efficiently. Requests coming in tural America able to meet the challenge Southeastern Forest Experiment Sta- from the field substantiate what I have of its destiny. We may turn our backs tion, Asheville, N. C, E. L. Demmon, learned first-hand from talking with to ancient, outmoded ways—but never leaders," Mr. Wickard says. Director. telephone to a friend. They are now starting to tell the "what Recent schedules of REA telephone Cross Blood Donor to do" philosophy of tree improvement cut-overs include these locations Be a Red

USDA: February 11, 1953 —

Sweeter soils Farewell reception Brief and choice Lime materials of standard ground lime- On January 14 a farewell reception was stone equivalent amounting to 10,394,223 held for the retiring Secretary Charles F. Kraut and boiled dinners tons were distributed to 463,261 farms in the Brannan, Under Secretary C. F. McCormick, The humble but succulent cabbage Is on country through the Agricultural Conserva- und Assistant Secretary Knox T. Hutchinson tion the plentiful foods list for February. Fruit Program in the 1951 season. This in the patio of the Administration Building. and Vegetable Branch workers in Production roughly represents an estimated 48.5 percent A scroll on behalf of all employees was pre- and Marketing Administration are helping of all liming materials applied and about 62 sented to Mr. Brannan by T. Roy Reid, Di- the trade dispose of an overabundance. percent of all farms, in the program. rector of Personnel. It was designed by an engineering draftsman of Forest Service Soybean milepost Library bibliography W. Ellis Groben. An important milepost in soybean breed- The Bibliography of Agriculture continued Dressed beef damage ing will be reached in 1953 with the release to be the major tool issued by the USDA Because dressed beef is suspended on hooks of the Dorman variety. This variety is well Library for reference use. During 1951 it in railway cars is subjected adapted to the mid-South and the upper- listed 85,790 items which was increased to and to much jostling, bruising and fall damages, ter- Mississippi Delta area. Dorman is the tenth 95,962 in fiscal 1952. Aside from this, 26 rific transportation losses are currently in a series of soybean superior variety re- bibliographies and lists were issued in 1952, adding to retail costs. find to leases made in the past decade from coopera- but the work has been curtailed considerably To some ways prevent or reduce such injury, studies were tion between USDA and most of the State because of a reduced staff. the Agricultural Act experiment stations in the soybean growing made under Marketing of Title States. 1946 (RMA, H). A report has been PMA awards committee prepared on loss and damage to dressed beef USDA motor drivers Employee awards selections in the Pro- during transportation. Interested parties duction and Marketing Administration are may apply to Office of Information Services. After scanning the nonfatal lost time in- in charge of a committee of 11 employees, Production and Marketing Administration jury record caused by driving motor vehicles with Assistant Administrator Robert W. by Department workers, the USDA Safety Herder as chairman. Charles M. Cox of the Orange powder beverage Council last year stated that inasmuch as Office of Program Coordination, is vice-chair- The Bureau of Agricultural and Indus- our employees are operating one of the largest man, while Albert A. Heimberg, Office of Per- trial Chemistry has produced a new orange fleets of automotive vehicles in the country, sonnel Management, is executive secretary. powder that mixes up into a fine flavored some steps should be taken for safety im- drink and stores well besides. The Army provement. The suggested steps include Luman promoted Quartermaster Corps is testing it, but it is driver testing and training, preventive main- not ready for commercial sale. The fresh tenance and inspection, accident investiga- William T. Luman is the new chief of the orange juice is concentrated at low tempera- tion and analysis, and corrective discipline. Records Administration Division, Office of ture, drying in a vacuum follows, then a Plant and Operations. He succeeds Linwood natural orange oil is added to flavor it. The Weevily wheat detector E. Donaldson, deceased. Mr. Luman has powder dissolves easily, has the natural been with the Federal Government since simple test which reveals the orange hue, and doesn't settle at the bottom. A quick and April 1919, joining USDA in 1933 where he kernels with weevil It also nacks all the accredited vitamins in percentage of wheat served in the original AAA and the Office of it. More such powders from tomatoes and holes as an index of insect infestation was Budget and Finance. He also handled much the Manhattan, fruit are well along toward equally promis- devised by Albert C. Apt, at of the financial details for the USDA peri- ing stages. Details in Release No. 59. Kans., laboratory of the Bureau of Ento- odical in recent years. mology and Plant Quarantine. A 100-gram of wheat is put into a flat-bottomed Swoboda promoted sample Radioactive tracers solution of ferric nitrate in water pan. A Gerald J. Swoboda has been promoted to contents is poured over the wheat. The In the sixth year of cooperative research Commodity Exchange Supervisor in charge are for 30 seconds. Thereupon the swirled with radioactive materials USDA workers of the Minneapolis office of the Commodity kernels float to the surface and can weevily studied the response of 18 crops to phos- Exchange Authority, succeeding Joseph B. readily. be counted phatic fertilizers. They will use data from Withers, who retired last month after 20 37 experiments in 19 States made during the scanned years' service. Mr. Swoboda has been prin- The book world past season in measuring the phosphorus cipal accountant in the Minneapolis office fertility of soils. As a guide to the rewards of reading and of the CEA since 1936. and for a number of with inspiring articles by 67 authorities and years prior was with the Bureau of Animal literary persons about books and reading, a Seed production larger Industry of the Department. Long a resident new publication, "The Wonderful World of of Minnesota, he was educated there in public According to the Bureau of Agricultural schools later Books," is off the press. It is edited by and attended the University of Economics, the 1952 output of 19 miscellan- Alfred Stefferud of USDA's Yearbook of Agri- Minnesota. eous kinds of hay, pasture, lawn, and cover culture. It appears in a paper-bound edition crop seeds for a total of 445 million pounds Lots of leaf as a Mentor book of the New American Li- is 38 percent larger than the production of brary series, selling at book stores for 35 clean seed in 1951. Prices to growers on Consumption of principal tobacco products cents. A cloth-bound edition is also being 15 out of 20 of the crops in question are below is really something to beat all "pipe dreams." published by Houghton-Mifflin. In its in- those obtained a year ago. Bureau of Agricultural Economics gives these ception and development the book was a figures to show what every person 15 years cooperative venture in which the USDA Ex- old and over consumes: Total tobacco con- Louise O. Ber- Farm organizations buy mortgages tension Service had a part. sumed in the U. S., 12.6 pounds apiece; 10.04 Charles E. caw, USDA assistant librarian, and Four principal farm organizations now pounds as cigarettes, 1.27 pounds as cigars, contributors to the Kellogg, Soil Survey, are have more than 4 million dollars invested and 1.32 pounds covering smoking, chewing, book. in farm mortgages insured by the Farmers and snuff. Cigarettes run 392 billions and Eight state Farm Bu- cigars hit about 6 billions in separates, not Cooperatives gain Home Administration. reau organizations—Alabama, Indiana, Ken- pounds. Total U. S. output of cigarettes totals 430 billion, including supplies for Farm Credit Administration has issued its tucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylva- over- seas forces and for export. annual statistical summary of the farm co- nia, and Tennessee—have invested a total of operatives. In 1951-52, 9,977 associations $2,420,863. The Indiana Farm Bureau leads with a new high of about 7.1 million mem- with $1,531,591. The Michigan Farm Bureau bers did a gross volume of business worth has recently made $50,000 available for the about 8.1 billion dollars. One farmer may purpose. The other farm organizations par- FEBRUARY 11,1953, Vol. XII, No. 3 be a member of two or more cooperatives ticipating in the insured farm mortgage pro- with his membership counted more than gram include the Missouri Farmers Associa- USDA is published fortnightly for dis- once. About 22 percent of all purchasing co- tion with $1,554,643 invested, the Oregon and tribution to employees only, by direction of operatives do some types of marketing, while Washington Granges with a total of $238,960, the Secretary of Agriculture, and with ap- over three-fifths of the marketing co-ops and the Colorado and Kansas Farmers pruval of the Director of the Bureau of the also handle some farm supplies. Minnesota Unions with investments totaling $23,945. Budget (July 1, 1952), as containing admin- with 1,261 associations and 561,450 members Under the insured farm mortgage -program, istrative information required for the proper tops the Nation in number of cooperatives. banks, insurance companies, or other non- transaction of the public business. Retirees The other highest ranking cooperative mem- government lenders may advance funds for who write the editor requesting it may con- bership States in order are Wisconsin, Iowa. farm loans that are insured, processed, and tinue to get USDA. Please write instead of Illinois, and North Dakota. Farm Credit serviced by the Farmers Home Administra- phoning whenever possible, for rush, orders Administration supervised agencies work tion. These loans supplement the agency's call Ext 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of closely with many of these larger cooperatives direct farm ownership loans made from ap- USDA, Office of Information, Department of to provide them suitable credit facilities. propriated funds. Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1951 VSHARE THIS COPY Seed testing book

AGRICULTURAL HANDBOOK No. 30 sells for $4 a copy by the Superintendent of Documents, and is probably cheap at the price considering what a treasury it 4"tt- 7 is of small things—which the Book of Zachariah says we should "not despise 2 _.„_-, - 1 w^ the day of." This new publication, "Testing Agricultural and Vegetable FOR FEBRUARY 25, 1953 Seeds," prepared by the Production and Marketing Administration in coopera- tion with the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, is comprehensive to the point of sweeping Office and Laboratory, Marion E. Yount, its field. Safety first, always of Entomology and Plant Quar- Bureau Here in a stout buckram-bound book antine; Technical, Eugene J. Peterson, FIELD AND BRANCH offices of USDA of 500 pages are details on methods and SCS; Publicity, Norman S. Bridges, Bu- are fast organizing working councils equipment used in testing seeds for reau of Animal Industry. and committees to promote constant purity, viability, and other factors that Technical consultants—Richard Gos- vigilance against accidents among em- have to do with their value in determin- som, Jr., Production and Marketing Ad- ployees and their associates and to elimi- ing the promise of another crop. ministration; Seth Jackson, Forest Serv- nate needless fire hazards. Such ef- The watchfulness that goes into this ice ; Special representatives for cooperat- fort is highly important and the mem- business of keeping up confidence in the ing services—Carl E. Herrick, Office of bers of such safety councils in the field seed supply and seeing to it that there Personnel; Sam P. Lyle, Extension Serv- are assured by Paul F. Loehler, chairman is little variation in test results from ice; and the Editor of USDA for the of the USDA Safety Council, that sug- causes outside the seed, is reflected in Office of Information. gestions or assistance will be gladly sup- ingenious equipment and methods that Among the duties of the USDA Safety plied on request. To make this coop- are not only accurate but quick. Evi- Council are preparation of fact sheets on erative enterprise most effective, the dently today the rising tides of better fire prevention and farm accident safe- USDA Safety Council would like to re- varieties and the almost universal use guards and policies. Ideas and facts on ceive reports about meetings held by of commercially grown seeds are ac- these subjects are welcome from field safety workers and program plans and companied by testing developments personnel to make the publications more factual material issued on this subject. without which the industry could hardly effective than they have been in the The USDA Safety Council functions as have kept clean and efficient. past. Development of safety training The book contains rules, laws, details official advisory body to the Office of an materials and research projects relat- on identification, testing, information the Secretary and the various agen- ing to farm or home safety, as well as on special classifications of crop plants cies concerning the Department's farm that of employees, is another significant pathological program, and also to the Office and weeds, considerations, safety element in the conduct of this work. and selected references. addition to Personnel and all the agencies relat- In of Experience in reduction of accident and general index it has lists of botanical ing to the carrying out of both farm a fire losses must be shared and exchanged, and employee safety programs. Work- names, common plant names, and 350 the officers of the Council emphasize. weeds by their botanical and ing through appropriate committees, it common The toll of death and time loss, prop- clearinghouse and consulting names. It is well sprinkled with pictures affords a erty damage, and pain must be attacked of ingenious for of the Department's ac- seed testing devices and agency much by every ounce of determination we have, accessories, and in it of tive safety effort. It likewise works you may read they insist. the contributions closely with the Federal Civil Defense of inventive men of organizations. the USDA, past and present, and those Foreign meat inspection of State and Canadian experiment sta- Officers and committee chairmen of tions and the seed industry. the USDA Safety Council for 1953 are: During fiscal 1952, the Federal Meat In- spection Service in the Bureau of Animal The drawings of weed seeds (more Paul F. Loehler, Office of Plant and Op- Industry inspected and passed a total of than 700 groups, notably more than 200 erations, chairman; first vice chairman, 339.798.C90 pounds of fresh, cured, and can- ned meats from abroad. This total was of the grass family, more than 100 Eugene J. Peterson, Soil Conservation about equal to that of the year before, which legumes, and 60 composites, among many Service; second vice chairman, Arthur showed 33 percent increase over the previ- others) are marvels of mosaiclike detail M. Sowder, Forest Service; secretary, ous high year. Argentina, Canada, and Mexico led a total of 25 foreign countries of lines, dots, curves, etchings, and pro- Melvin V. Cole, Farmers Home Admin- that exported meat products to this country portions. The artists, working like In the past fiscal year. istration. watchmakers, have been hunting out Committee chairmen — Automotive, Professional papers details which seem, on the basis of size, Wm. K. Knauff , P & O ; Farm and Home, Articles prepared by authors In USDA bu- like the needle in- the haystack. Miss Gertrude Drinker, FHA; Farm reaus for publication in scientific and pro- Seed testing is a major interest to fessional journals numbered 2,086 for 1952. Work, Harry L. Garver, Bureau of Plant many phases of our agriculture. It is a This compares with 2,181 for 1951. Office of Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engi- Information examined them, some critical good thing to have such a seed book neering; Field Operations, John D. Rush, reviews were prepared, notice of significant brought up to date for wide use in edu- articles was made to Press Ssrvice, and Eureau of Agricultural Economics; Fire cational, regulatory, and commercial others were referred to interested persons Prevention, Harold S. Timmins, FHA; In the Department. fields.

241627°—53 Davis heads CCC Space controls

PRIOR to his appointment, John H. A REVISED space control and record Davis was general manager of the Na- system which has been in effect for 6 tional Wool Marketing Corporation, years has functioned in a satisfactory Boston, Mass., and from 1944 to 1952 was way and accomplished a decided saving executive secretary of the National in labor and convenience for both the Council of Farmer Cooperatives. Until Real Estate Division of the Office of recently the new CCC president was a Plant and Operations and the various member of the National Agricultural Re- agencies of the Department. search Policy Committee which was es- The proper administration of the use tablished under the Research and Mar- of available space occupied by the De- keting Act of 1946 to advise the Secre- partment in Washington, D. C, is in- not previously tary of Agriculture on research matters. SECRETARIAL AIDES— fluenced by continuous fluctuations in pictured in USDA are Richard D. Aplin Mr. Davis was born October 9, 1904, requirements and the diversified use of (left) heads up the Administrative on a farm near Wellsville, Mo. He re- who the space for offices, files, laboratories, Group which includes: The Hearing Ex- ceived his Bachelor's degree from Iowa and storages. The original method of aminers, Library, and Finance, State College and his Master's and his Budget space control and record keeping in- Information, Personnel, and Plant and Ph.D. degrees from the University of volved a cumbersome card-record sys- Operations. D. K. (right) is Minnesota, with a major in agricultural Broadhead tem wherein cards were maintained for economics. After graduation Mr. Davis Secretary Benson's Executive Assistant. each room or other unit of occupied taught agriculture in Douds-Leando, space. This meant that both the report- Iowa, and later became superintendent Goodwill makers ing of space used by the agencies and of schools there. In 1938 he was school the compilation of the bimonthly space superintendent in Story City, Iowa. AS YOU KNOW, the job of handling reports by P & O was a time-consuming His first service in the Department was foreign trainees and visitors under many and complex procedure. in 1936 when he worked as an economist Government technical assistance pro- Following considerable study, a sim- en farm management problems. In 1940 grams lies with our Office of Foreign Ag- pler and better system was devised. A Mr. Davis took a position with the Farm ricultural Relations. They have been set of floor plans of the various buildings Credit Administration and from 1942 to coming at the rate of 3,500 a year and occupied was assembled and bound in 1944 he was chief of the wheat section in such aid has gone to about 25 countries. a loose-leaf binder end the floor plans the Commodity Credit Corporation. He In remarking on the real core of the job and areas occupied were indicated has attended most of the international that has been done with the help of therein. A form was prepared to keep conferences of the Food and Agriculture the agricultural colleges, State experi- a record of all space transactions. On Organization of the United Nations and ment stations and other agencies of the double-entry accounting principles, the International Federation of Agricul- USDA, OFAR says that one must have it provided for the recording of increases tural Producers. He was a member of listened to these foreigners when ready or decreases in used space as credit or the U. S. delegation at the International to return home to learn how much the debit items to a predetermined space Wheat Conference in Washington in little things in life count in contacts balance for each agency. 1948. made with personnel in our country. This form provides a simple means of Mr. Davis is a member of the National Someone who went out of his way to determining space occupancy at anv City Christian Church in Washington, help * * * who carried his suitcase time, and since it is self-checking the D. C, where he is an elder and a member from the train * * * who lectured labor is much reduced in handling space of the national board of trustees. He with clarity * * * who helped him controls. No attempt is made to main- has been a member of the Department of find a book, a specialist, a process, or just tain detailed records of rooms and units Church and Economic Life of the Na- to think an idea through * * * who in the main P & O file, as this is left to tional Council of Churches of Christ in asked him home for dinner * * * or each agency which reports only total America since 1946, was chairman of the took him to a picnic, a concert, or a ball space and total personnel in each code Conference on Agricultural Policy of game. group, with any current changes made the National Council of Churches at There are hundreds of others, too. therein. Haverford College, Pa., in 1951. He also Farmers and their families, county has been a member of the board of the agents, the various USDA bureaus and Personnel exhibit display concerning the importance and Washington Federation of Churches their field personnel, local civic clubs, A value of good personnel management prac- since 1951. schools, churches, the farmers' organiza- tices has been exhibited for awhile in the Mr. Davis married the former Miss tions, farm equipment manufacturers, patio of the USDA Administration Building Edna Frazier of Missouri Valley, Iowa. here. Hsnry Shepherd of the Office of Per- food processors, market men, and many sonnel and representatives of the agencies They have two sons, James Frazier and industrial people. designed and staged it, with the help of the Exhibits Service, Office of Information. Herbert Lowell, both of whom are stu- OFAR authorities declare that this has dents at the University of Virginia. helped with more than the mere training Research appropriations of visiting foreigners. It has made the State and Federal appropriations for agri- cultural research total about $112 million of Engels retires difference between a sterile intellectual George public funds for the past fiscal year. The George E. Engels, who inaugurated market exercise and a vibrant, colorful expe- State legislatures provided about $56 million, news and inspection work for the USDA at rience with meaning and useful ideas for or about $4.50 for each $1 of the $12,500,000 Buffalo, N. Y., in 1916-20 and was later con- made available to State experiment stations nected with the original AAA and the Fed- our friends from abroad. as Federal grants. Federal Government ap- eral Surplus Commodities Corporation, has propriations were about $56 million, of which retired to live in Beverly, N. J. BE A RED CROSS BLOOD DONOR $44 million was allotted to USDA agencies.

USDA: February 25, 1953 Nematodes for teachers Said on the si NEMATOLOGISTS at the Plant Industry LOOKING OUT across our old valley in DIRECTOR DODGE of the Bureau of Station point to the fact that a newly wintertime, you'd never think there was the Budget on February 4 issued an discovered stylet-bearing (or cell-suck- any activity going on worth mention- official administrative directive relating ing) nematode (genus Ditylenchus) very ing—but few of us old timers with many to personnel, programs, and construc- destructive to the mushroom crop has, in congealed seasons spent amid the frosty tion in the Federal Government opera- spite of this bad record, a point in its hills ever lose sight of the truth that city tions. Three key paragraphs of the favor: It can be easily grown in quantity folks often miss. The cold snaps fol- Director's statement are added here-

in artificial culture and for this reason lowed by warm thaws, and the old stub- with : promises to be great convenience a to ble and buried roots in the land and Personnel.—It is the policy to achieve a teachers in this branch of biology. Hav- the mud and ice and wind are all plenty progressive reduction of Government per- sonnel. To accomplish this each depart- ing a number of the characteristics of busy churning up and working over our ment and agency head shall immediately closely related nematodes of economic soil storehouses against the time when restrict the hiring of additional personnel. importance such as D. destructor, the the mellow seedbeds must be prepared. No vacancies shall be filled until it has been determined that the positions repre- rot, D. dipsaci, the in the brisk cause of potato and You march out there weather sented by the vacancies cannot be elimi- stem or bulb nematode, both of them and look for little signs of life—the un- nated; existing employees cannot be shifted encountered widely as "inside" parasites derground mystic business that comes to cover the vacancies; and increased effi- ciency, better utilization of personnel, or of the higher plants, this new one prom- along well ahead of the first green flush changes in standards and policies make the ises to make study of these similar ones of the willows down there by the creek. additions unnecessary. Construction. It is the policy to proceed more productive and easier. The land feels sort of quaking and pul- — only with projects which are clearly essen- The nematologists describe this new sating as you walk along and the breeze tial, and on such projects to employ the one as "of typical slender, fusiform has a tiny tang of something-to-come in strictest standards of economy. (All pro- posed or authorized construction and all shape; readily observable under the it. Maybe you spy a winter-bound blue going construction are subject to review.) microscope in entire life cycle." And jay or an early-bird robin perking his Programs.—It is the policy to operate at of particular importance to phytopathol- head sidewise to gobble up the cocoons a minimum level of costs and expenditures. This requires that the necessity for all work is its "capacity pro- ogists, they say, for and dry seeds by the fence rows; hoping bs questioned and action be taken to elimi- longed existence in a dormant state," a against hope that some ambitious cut- nate unnecessary programs and hold the condition known as anabiosis or quies- worm or grub will get out of bed too remainder to minimum levels. cence. Eldon J. Cairns of the Plant soon and supply a March breakfast for Industry Station says cultures of this our best insect controller. The cows Audit ordered All corporations and lending agencies of nematode have been kept growing on over there in the stackyard lean against USDA are being audited at the direction of fungi for 3 years without a break. the fence and peer wistfully at the faint Secretary Ezra Taft Benson as a prudent at the baginning of his term of office. Although first noticed as a parasite vernal tint of the back pasture. Your move He asked all employees to give the General on mushrooms, it does not require any dog runs on ahead of you to stop and Accounting Office full access to all records certain fungus for its source of nourish- dig with fury at some old-time gopher in question, except those specifically pro- hibited from examination by law or Execu- ment, and is not too demanding as to hole just as though it was June and tive order. But the existence of Depart- other factors such as bacterial contam- pest-killing time again. You stoop over ment regulations that limit general availa- bility of records will not apply against ination, aeration, light. soil temperature or the fall furrows where you took a agents doing the audit. Audits are there- The nematode thrives just so long as con- sample to have a test run made, and then fore under way in Commodity Credit Cor- poration, Federal Crop Insurance Corpora- ditions permit the fungus to grow. It go into the granary to check the bags of tion, Farmers Home Administration, Rural has been cultured in fine capillary tubes seed oats and mixed fertilizer. Last of Electrification Administration, and the banks and corporations supervised with one nematode to a tube and in con- all, you stand on the porch at sundown by the Farm Credit Administration. tainers of various sizes up to wooden and survey the cozy farms of your neigh- boxes filled with mushroom-inoculated bors down the valley, and whistle a kind Reemployments made permanent Department Circular No. 698 tells about compost ultimately containing hundreds of hopeful overture of your own before provisions for the reemployment with perma- of thousands of this Ditylenchus. the leafy curtain rises on another grow- nent tenure of certain groups of former em- effective 1952. In- Media for the culture of these nema- ing spell. And late that same night the ployees, December 31, structions in the circular give st^ps for con- todes may be obtained from dealers in resonant skyward honk of the north- version of indefinite appointments to perma- mushroom spawn. The nematodes of bound birds of passage routs you up to nent reemployments. Agencies are asked to make adjustments in the retention prefer- this species may be obtained by teachers realize that nature's things keep right ence records and in active reduction in force and investigators from the Division of on living and it takes a good valley registers which will reflect the new retention standing of employees whose appointments Nematology, Plant Industry Station, farmer to keep in step with plenty and are changed. Beltsville, Md. abreast with abundance. USDA employment turnover The employment turnover in USDA as of Your official record Bibliography award Dacember 31, 1952 was 4.5 percent. In De- the The Oberly Memorial Award is given every Standard Form No. 2806 is the one official cember 1950 it was 4 percent and in 2 years to the citizen who compiles the Federal form that is of greatest importance same month of 1951 it was 4.4 percent. De- best bibliography in agriculture and re- to employees. It contains the full authentic cember is often a low month and September lated sciences. The closing date for entries record of your services and the retirement is usually one of the high months in em- for the 1953 award is April 15, 1953. Address deductions from your salary. In case of ployee turnover. For September in 1950, entries to D. A. Brown, Agriculture Library, transfers made to another agency in the De- 1951, and 1952, the turnover rates were 13.1 Mumford Hall, University of Illinois, Urbana, partment or to another department this form percent, 11.5 percent, and 12.3 percent re- 111. Send seven copies of each bibliography records it and upon separation from the spectively. To get anything comparable with a letter stating that it is being placed service your Form 2806 goes to the Civil to these September figures one goes back to in competition. The award, derived from Service Commission for final filing. Upon such previous high turnover points as June a memorial fund in memory of Eunice R. retirement all of your 2806 forms on file are and July 1947, when there was a considera- Oberly, will be given at the June 1953 confer- combined and used in determining your en- ble reduction in force. These respective ence of the American Library Association at tire service record and retirement deductions months had large turnovers of 12.1 and Los Angeles. upon which retirement payments are based. 14.4 percent.

USDA: February 25, 1953 J —

For services rendered Readers' reminders Brief and choice Seven Government agencies and depart- ments outside of USDA contributed service Compensation guide Any twin beef calves? fees for inspections made by the Depart- As a help in keeping Federal employees in- Any stockman within 200 miles of Bslts- ment's Processed Products Standardization formed about accident compensation a oam- ville, Md. who has identical—and we mean and Inspection Division during the 1952 fis- phlet has been issued entitled "What Every identical—twin beef calves to spare for fur- cal year. The total collections of such fees Federal Employee Should Know About the ther feeding tests by the Bureau of Animal amounted to $2 032,620. Of this sum, the Federal Employees' Compensation Act." It's Industry, is urged to notify Dr. C. F. Win- Department of the Army paid $299,197 in a question and answer summary. It was dis- chester of the BAI at the Research Center. fees for services rendered. Other outside tributed generally about 2 years ago, but The right age is 4 months old or under, and agencies serviced were the Navy Depart- those wanting fresh copies may get them for grades and crossbreds are acceptable. ment, Department of the Interior, Deoart- 5 cents at the Superintendent of Documents, ment of Justice, Marine Corps, General Serv- Government Printing Office. The official Pace pictures ceremony ices Administration, and Veterans' Admin- Blue Book on the compensation law with full istration—aside from $1,688,940 collected In George Pace, visual specialist for the Fed- regulations in it, used as a basis for training commercial and continuous inspections. courses, has been distributed to all agency eral Extension Service, expects to attend the anniversary personnel offices. dedication program to be held at "Commander" Doyle, USNR the Porter farm near Terrell, Tex., on Feb- Mrs. Mabel Doyle, Office of Gas concentrations ruary 26. Prints of his 16 mm. black-and- Information, is white motion picture promoted to the highest permanent rank A new device that takes the guesswork out film will be made avail- able to State extension editors without permitted for a woman in the U. S. Navy of commercial fumigation by making accu- cost for local showings. that of WAVES Commander. Mrs. Doyle is rate measurements of fumigation gas con- now enrolled in the Naval Reserves, after centrations has been perfected by G. L. Phil- spending 7 years of active duty with the Cooperative forestry lips and J. W. Bulger, Bureau of Entomology WAVES at Washington, D. C. Her father was and Plant Quarantine. Get details of this The U. S. Forest Service and the States do in the civilian service of the Navy Depart- invention by writing the editor of USDA for much cooperative work to promote and pro- ment for several years. No. 138. tect the welfare of and profits from farm Official forest tracts and farm woodlqts. According changes Nebraska statistics to the annual report by Forest Service, 27,- Dr. C. A. Schuler succeeds Dr. W. R. At- A. E. Anderson, agricultural statistician for 933 individual farmers were thus assisted kins as inspector in charge at Kinston, N. C, the State-Federal Estimating Service at the cooperatively, Involving about 2,500,000 acres for the Bureau of Animal Industry. Dr. Nebraska State Department of Agriculture of woodland, on which 609,560 million board Atkins has charge of a new station at Bartow, bulletin of sta- reports that their new 88-page feet of wood products were harvested. This Fla. Dr. J. A. Skordahl succeeds Dr. C. A. tistics on Nebraska agriculture Is ready for Hulbush as inspector at Walla Walla, had a gross estimated sales value of $13,924,- Wash., free distribution. Address him. at P. O. Box the latter being on extended sick leave. 940. New York, Vermont, Virginia, Mary- 1911, Lincoln 1, Nebr. land, and Wisconsin farmers led in such FHA production loans Vegetable book out cooperative forest development work with public agencies. About 27,000 farmers came Into the pro- The 1953 revision or second edition of duction-loans program of the Farmers Home "Vegetable Growing" by James S. Shoemaker, Administration in fiscal 1952. Nearly half " Asher Hobson retires Head of Horticulture Ontario Agricultural of them were war veterans, who receive pref- College, Guelph, is now available. Much Dr. Asher Hobson, Nationally known farm erence for loans. Two changes occurred In new material which is the result of research economist and formerly head of the Depart- the general pattern of lending: (1) The and practical experience is included in this ment of Agricultural Economics, University average loan was much larger than in other revision. Soils, fertilizers, irrigation, pest of Wisconsin, has retired. He studied first years, because of legislation approved August and weed control, and similar subjects are with Dr. H. C. Taylor at Wisconsin and then 23, 1951; (2) Greater emphasis than ever discussed where they have direct applicat ; on took his Doctors degree in Switzerland. He before was given to making loans that would to the treatment of the specific vegetable served as American delegate to the Institute bring about adjustments and improvements crop. Over 300 new references have been of Agriculture at Rome for 7 years and in inadequate farming systems. Only in added in the text. Also additions and worked closely with the USDA at various exceptional cases were loans approved solely changes have been made in the illustrations. times. He was an officer of the American to finance seasonal operating expenses. Al- "Vegetable Growing" is published by John Farm Economics Association and recently together, loan advances totaled $123,994,016 Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. chairman of the Board of Trustees of the an increase of about 16 percent over 1951 American Institute of Cooperation. lending. Trees and shrubs for prairies Death of Dr. Richards Circular No. 912, dated January 1953, is a Anderson moves on extensive adaptability Dr. C. Audrey Richards, for helpful report Calvin Anderson, extension editor at the who many years trees for use as wind- was chief of the Division of Forest tests on shrubs and College of Agriculture at Pullman, Wash., for Pathology breaks on the Northern Great Plains, cover- in the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and several years, has left that institution. He the entire experimental period from 1913 Agricultural Engineering, with offices ing has become an associate editor of the farm at the 1950 with species secured from U. S. Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, through magazines included in the Pacific Northwest from local selections and nur- Wis., died January 26. Starting hsr career abroad and Farm Quad at Spokane, Wash. Al Bond, species are listed for at the Madison laboratories in 1917, Dr. series. Recommended formerly with the USDA Radio Service, has successful growth under both dry conditions Richards directed much fundamental re- taken Mr. Anderson's place at Pullman. and extreme cold. Written by Ernest J. search in the causes and prevention of decay, George, silviculturist, it may be secured for stain, and mold in various wood products. 20 cents a copy from the Sunerintendent of Welcome strangers She earned bachelor and master degrees at Documents, Government Printing Office, The Foreign Student Section of the Exten- Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, and" a doc- Washington. 25, D. C. sion Service reports that between the years torate at the University of Wisconsin. She of 1948 and 1952 there were 402 Interna- taught pathology courses at the University Cooperative growth tional Farm Youth Exchangees from abroad. of Wisconsin and trained numerous widely Listed by States and Territories, Iowa led known scientists in her own laboratory at Farm Credit Administration issued its an- Madison. nual digest of the farmers' cooperative situ- with 30 foreign students. All States except ation recently. This gives an over-all 4 were represented. Those States listing 10 picture of the numbers, membership, and or more students were: Kansas 26; Arkansas business volume of the Nation's agricultural 21; Ohio 17; Kentucky 16; California, Mon- FEBRUARY 25, 1953 Vol. XII, No. 4 cooperative business concerns, with a State tana, and Massachusetts 13 each; Georgia USDA is published fortnightly for distribu- breakdown. Send to USDA Editor for No. 12; South Dakota 11; Minnesota, New York, tion to employees only, by direction of the 2736. and Wisconsin 10 each. Secretary of Agriculture, and with approval of the Director of the Bureau of the Budget Grassland book Review of personnel (July 1, 1952), as containing administrative "Grasses and Grassland Farming," by Hi information required for the proper transac- Carl E. Herrick, assistant to the Director W. Staten, professor of agronomy, Oklahoma tion of the public business. Retirees who of the Office of Personnel, has completed a A. & M. College, is an up-to-date discussion write the editor requesting it, may continue of many points in the maintenance of year- swing through the California area. He re- to get USDA. Please write instead of phon- round pastures and meadows. It covers viewed the personnel activities of the Bu- ing whenever possible; for rush orders call many regions of the country and includes reau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of farm experiences in grassland production. Forest Service, Production and Marketing USDA, Office of Information, Department of It is published by Devin-Adair Comnany, Administration, and the Bureau of Agricul- Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

ITew York City, and sells for $5 at bookstores. tural and Industrial Chemistry. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 19B3 This makes sense

WRITERS on farm subjects strive to make themselves clear. This is not al- ways easy, as every writer knows, but the new Style Manual of the Government Printing Office should prove a great help in getting out more timely and effective publications and releases. The Style Manual, Revised, as of January 1953, is now in distribution. FOR MARCH 11, 1953 In reading, we understand more www^Mwwwyw^MW^ywwywMMw^^w^wyy^wwwMWwwyww^v

243755°—53 Operations Chief Research spending Farm facility files

FOR NEARLY 20 years Richard D. TOTAL ESTIMATED sums expended for ARE YOU aware that there is a mechani- Aplin, Assistant to the Secretary, has research and development in fiscal year cal tree planter on the market which been identified almost continuously 1952 by agencies of the Federal Gov- can plant 10,000 trees during an 8-hour with milk marketing problems in the ernment are given in the first annual re- day in heavy sod, unprepared cut-over Northeastern States, principally the port of the National Science Foundation. timber land, through roots and scrub, Boston area. Just prior to his appoint- This report by Director Alan T. Water- over stumps and logs—or that the tying ment he was administrator of the Fed- man is House Document 64, 83d Con- mechanism on one of the new automatic eral milk marketing orders for the gress, 1st session. Its listing of the prin- hay balers contains a 4-coil system mak- Greater Boston and three other Massa- cipal research expenditures estimated ing two knots per tie, and will make ap- chusetts milk marketing areas. Some by the Foundation from available rec- proximately 675 bales of hay without of the procedures and formulas for mar- ords are: reloading? Information on these and keting milk were worked out under his For military functions, by the Air thousands of other items is available in leadership and have been adopted in a Force, Army, and Navy, $890,000,000; PMA's Office of Materials and Facilities. number of milk marketing areas. One Atomic Energy Commission, $162,900,- OMF, in discharging its part of USDA's of the most important of these was the 000; Department of Agriculture, $51,- claimant agency responsibilities under milk price formula put into effect in 700,000; National Advisory Committee the Defense Production Act, maintains 1948 which provides for automatic for Aeronautics, $49,400,000; Public a staff of specialists who combine prac- changes in the price of milk to farmers Health Service in the Federal Security tical experience with technical knowl- as general economic conditions change. Agency, $38,500,000; Department of the edge in the fields of farm machinery, Mr. Aplin was born in 1903 on a dairy Interior, $31,900,000; Department of petroleum and other farm supplies, on- farm at Putney, Vt. This farm has been Commerce, $15,400,000; and "Other farm construction, chemicals, fertilizer, the Aplin family homestead since 1791 Agencies," $19,300,000. food processing facilities and containers. for five generations. The new assistant A preliminary estimate of the Fed- Consequently a log of valuable informa- eral funds is a graduate of the University of Ver- used in fiscal 1952 for scien- tion, covering these fields, has been ac- tific research mont, having received his Bachelor's de- and development at non- cumulated over a period of years. Much profit institutions is gree there in 1924 and his Master's de- included. The sum of that information is readily available for biological, gree in 1926. He specialized in animal medical, and agricultural to the Department's employees, to farm- husbandry and agricultural economics. work is given as $69,800,000; that for ers, and to industry. physical, mathematical, and engineering He worked on cost of production esti- OMF's Farm Machinery and Supplies Tariff work, $254,900,000; and for the social mate for the U. S. Commission in Staff, for instance, has a file containing sciences, $16,600,000. 1926 and 1927, after which he became catalogs and other descriptive literature The National Science Foundation con- county agricultural agent in Addison for several hundred items of farm ma- sists of a Board of 24 and a Director County, Vt. As a county agent Mr. chinery and equipment produced by ap- appointed Aplin concerned himself with farmers' by the President with the con- proximately one thousand manufac- sent of the Senate. The Foundation marketing problems and carried on edu- turers. It is believed to be the most cational campaigns urging farmers to analyzes and accepts grants for basic complete file of its kind in the United produce and market milk more evenly research and awards graduate fellow- States. Many of the Department's em- throughout the year. After three years ships. ployees outside OMF as well as repre- as a county agent he operated a large sentatives from other governments are dairy farm at Basin Harbor for a year DuMars moves making use of it. and then became county agent at large Maurice DuMars, former deputy director of the Office of Information, has transferred to for the Extension Service. The Farm Machinery and Supplies Vermont In the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agri- 1932 he became Extension Economist in cultural Engineering, where he is assistant Staff also can provide information on to the Chief. Mr. is Marketing at the University of Vermont. DuMars a native of the production and distribution of farm Kansas and a graduate of Kansas State In 1933, when the first Boston milk College, Manhattan, and has served in the machinery and equipment as well as the license and marketing agreement was Office of Information for several years. quantities of steel, copper, and aluminum put into effect, Mr. Aplin helped to ad- Louisiana's oldest used in its production. Through the minister it. Since that time, except for Louisiana's oldest county agricultural results of surveys, extending into all of a brief period in 1936 when he adminis- agent in point of length of service is C. P. Seab. He has been on the job there since the Nation's agricultural counties, in- tered a milk marketing license in Wash- 1914. Miss Marjorie Arbour, Louisiana State formation is available on requirements ington, D. C, he has been active in extension editor, has interested Mr. Seab in multiplying his useful work by for, and trends in usage of, various items numerous capacities in the administra- means of newspaper and radio contacts. of farm machinery nad equipment. In tion of milk marketing in the Boston addition this staff can provide similar areas. Mr. Aplin married Amanda Farmers' insurance information regarding on-farm con- Davison of Craftsbury, Vt., in 1927. According to the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, more farmers would benefit from They have one son, Richard Davison struction, steel merchant trade products, hospital insurance if it were made available Aplin, who is a graduate student in ag- to them on a group basis. Farmers' coop- tires and rubber products, petroleum and eratives in a few States offer ricultural economics at the University now group in- solid fuels. Through close association surance to their members at reduced rates, of California. with premiums deducted from members' with industry and suppliers of materials, checks of refund accounts and remitted in His present assignment is to direct the and with a knowledge of the condition bulk to the insurance firms. John Elickson general administrative offices within the and Ralph Botts of BAE point out that three of the market, forecasts can be made Department, often known as the "house- out of four farm babies are now born in regarding production and availability of hospitals, as compared with only half in keeping" agencies. 1940 and a tenth of them in 1930. these items.

2 USDA: March 11, 1953 cuts to the hospital. In place of all and Floral bulb entry Lily-loving lice sundry foolkillers and bruise breeders A new aphid pest feeding voraciously on that BASED ON their success with a more we once treated with contempt and the undersides of the lower leaves of lily plants has appeared in alarming numbers positive safer repented in sorrow, modern agriculture and system to keep de- along the Pacific Coast from Washington in structive insects and plant diseases out our old valley has acquired enough south to San Francisco. USDA entomologists who are busy perfecting suitable control for of this country (which was instituted newfangled mishaps and mayhem incen- 2 this floral pest declare that effective checking tives to warn the years ago for Holland flower bulb im- most callous of ordi- of this aphid rests mostly with the use of nary risk-takers. high-pressure spray equipment that ports by the Bureau of Entomology and In the whirling vortex will reach the chief feeding areas of the insect on of farm gears, sprockets, automatic Plant Quai-antine) , a similar system was the backs of the leaves. knives, extended to Belgium in 1952. pulleys, elevators, belts, levers, Honors to Si hot wires, short Evans Hitherto all inspections of imported and circuits, the valley C. M. (Si) Evans, Dallas, Tex., pioneer in denizens begin each dawn alert to avoid flower bulbs were made at the port of t'he Extension Service at Texas A&M College, lurking dangers. Often who subsequently served entry here. At the request of they band to- as regional director Dutch for the old Farm gether for safety meetings and 4-H club Security Administration, exporters and the Government of the and also with the Poultry Branch and the demonstrations because Dairy Netherlands, Bureau inspectors in 1951 manpower has Branch of Production and Marketing shrunk and the machinery used to re- Administration, has received a certificate of went to Holland to do the inspection merit from the Texas State Fair. As a mem- place it is with caution prior to bulb shipments. This arrange- met and respect. ber of its livestock and dairy committee, he led in the staging proved Even out there beyond the apparent of the Pan American Hol- ment more efficient and less ex- stein cattle show for 1952. security and tranquillity of the farm- pensive than when the bulbs were ex- stead we utilize more swift Conservation maps amined at the congested and poorly and relentless mechanisms along the old valley roads lighted piers at some United States To show some of the ways in which agri- than was ever dreamed of by our rugged cultural conservation programs meet the ports. More important, however, the particular conservation needs of States and ox-team founders. Hence prudence new plan permits spotting dangerous counties, and the extent and distribution of walks with production so that we may these programs, a new map book has been pests before they leave the country of issued by the Agricultural Conservation Pro- live longer and work better in an age origin, where they may be disposed of grams Branch—formerly in the Production that has accepted the marvels of today and Marketing Administration. These maps without running risks of their possible for 1951 results may be secured from and tomorrow as aids to an abundance the escape pending examination in this Office of Information Services. PMA, or hitherto unknown. country. possibly from your nearest PMA office. Moreover, the American inspectors Better than Nebel prize can examine many more bulbs over A touching reward came to Dr. Selman A. there than they can possibly inspect here, Brief and choice Waksman, bacteriologist of the Rutgers Ex- periment Station when he visited Stockholm because they are able to check them over early in December. A little girl and her on racks in storage sheds or while they Monica Crocker retires father came to see him at his hotel. The little girl handed Dr. are being packed, and on the piers. Mrs. Monica Crocker, a native of England Waksman a bouquet of five red carnations one for each who joined the Department in 1935 in per- — year she Because Dutch and Belgian inspectors has lived after escaping meningitis dangers sonnel services, retired on January 17. Mrs. as a result of his discovery of Streptomycin. work side by side with American inspec- Crocker obtained U. S. citizenship in 1921 Waksman was visibly moved. "This is the upon her marriage. Heads of the Office of tors, the foreign officials learn what our most heart-warming thing that has ever Personnel staged a farewell party for her happened to me. I consider it a greater requirements are so that they can get and presented her with appropriate gifts. honor even than receiving the Nobel prize," their exportable material sorted, What dairy cows ate he said. cleaned, and prepared for shipment to Estimates of the amount of concentrates, Veteran farm loans fulfill United States regulations. The roughage and pasture required to maintain importers here are also able to avoid the dairy herds of the country in 1952 have As in every year since the war, most of the been compiled and issued in the usual annual farm ownership loans in 1952 went to vet- some losses which have occurred previ- circular by the Bureau of Agricultural erans, who have preference under the Farmers ously because of refusal of shipments Economics. Write the Bureau direct. Home Administration Act. Veterans re- ceived 1,465 of the 1,550 initial direct loans upon arrival here on account of the From "fan" mail and 249 of the 1,131 initial insured loans. presence of injurious pests. They also received 392 subsequent loans. Dr. C. G. King, scientific head of the Nutri- Direct loans to veterans coming into the tion Foundation, Inc., New York City, wrote program in 1952 totaled $15,359,911 or 94 to Dr. P. V. Cardon, USDA Graduate School: percent of the amount used for new loans. Said on the side "Hardly an issue of the USDA Employee Including subsequent loans, veterans re- News Bulletin crosses my desk without con- ceived $16,484,446 or 87 percent of the year's tributing information of interest and an in- THE PITCHFORK, the old bull, and the appropriation. Insured loans made to vet- creased sense of enjoyment in taking part erans totaled $2,155,339. kerosene -can formed the worst tricky in a small way in the great work the De- trio to the inhabitants of our old valley partment does. The note in the September Growing words 10 issue struck a sensitive spot with me to many moons ago. We have not elimi- note the headway you are making in building Dr. Victor R. Boswell, chief of Plant In- dustry's Division of Crops and nated them all but much has been done up the graduate work of USDA on a very Vegetable broad and advanced basis." Diseases, defines "plant breeding" as used in in recent years to cut their numbers and a broad sense in a recent article in Eco- liability as accident provokers. Farmers Forest economics nomic Botany, as meaning "purposeful im- provement in the hereditary make-up of built stout bullpens round about have Forest Service states that in 1951 our na- plants by any method." "Vegetable indus- and use oak leading staffs and nose rings tional forests returned to the U. S. Treasury try"—used— in a broad sense in the same for the pawing bovines, or have sub- $1,194,000 more than the whole cost of their article -"includes not only the growing of protection and management. During the vegetable crops, but also the production of scribed to artificial breeding co-ops. Hay past year more than 4,688 million board feet seed for growing them, and the distribution baling and the combine reduce some of of timber were cut from these forests—high- and processing of vegetables. It is now not est cut in the entire history of the Forest enough," says Boswell, "to develop a variety dangers. ranges the pitchfork Modern Service. In the matter of relative loss to that will be merely productive, or productive and furnaces deprive careless women of growing timber, it is said that insects and and attractive at harvest time. A variety diseases are more injurious than fire, and are must also be adapted to our mechanized the chance to singe their hair and eye- therefore listed for continuous-control method of farming and of preservation and brows with those coal-oil lighting short- studies. distribution of foods."

USDA: March 11, 1953 Cattle marketing Withholding tax Brief and choice Secretary Benson has called upon pro- ducers to follow an orderly pattern of mar- THE FEDERAL Government is presently Support price note keting and processing and distributing cooperating with the States of Oregon On January 28, Secretary Benson briefly agencies to develop good consumer demand for beef. His remarks in full may be had and Vermont and the Territory of Ha- reviewed the trend of farm prices and said that no major changes seem likely in the from the editor of USDA by asking for No. waii by means of a formal agreement to next several months in view of continued 259. withhold the amounts of the specified high level of consumer incomes. He said that "we shall continue to use such price- For cotton growers State or Territorial the income tax from supporting devices as are available to us Cotton classification and market news salaries and wages of Federal employees when and if prices sag below the levels pre- service in 1953 under the Smith-Doxey Act scribed by Congress." may be obtained by any group of who regularly work in these areas. Only producers organized to promote the improvement of where both residents and nonresidents BEPQ status cotton which adopts a variety, files an ap- who work in the State are alike subject The Bureau of Entomology and Plant plication, arranges for sampling, and meets other requirements for eligibility. Field to withholding of income tax does the Quarantine ranks second in appropriations among the ARA research bureaus. Available offices of the Cotton Branch of PMA are Federal Government agree to have these funds are used on over 500 individual lines ready to receive these applications, which of research, control, regulatory, and quar- should be filed as soon after planting time sums withheld from the employee pay- possible. antine work. It employs 2,200 full-time and as Local classing offices in the rolls. 500 to 1,000 seasonal part-time workers, lo- major cotton States have application blanks Compensation of members of the Armed cated in about 400 individual laboratories or and give instructions. Forces is exempt from the agreement, which offices in 45 States and about 25 locations in Virgin Islands station is authorized by the Act of July 17, 1952, Territories, possessions, and foreign lands. and Executive Order No. 10407 dated Novem- R. W. Trullinger, Chief, Office of Experi- ber 25, 1952. Any delinquent tax liabilities Stored grain insects ment Stations, has made a trip to see the of any Federal employees are not to be col- installations and equipment at the Virgin A standing committee of USDA is working lected the Federal agencies for Islands research and extension station. by payment on ways and means to help the grain in- The the States. This is according the agree- work is in direct charge of Dr. J. R. King, to to dustry and farmers in their efforts to reduce entered into by of Christiansted. St. Croix, V. I. Their techni- ment the Secretary the the hazards of insect pests in stored cereals. Treasury and the respective States and Ter- cal staff, Dr. Trullinger says, consists of soils The idea is to issue ample materials of and a horticultural specialist, one for forages ritories named. The Hawaii withholding tax various kinds in a wide educational effort is and field crops, plus two extension spec- 2 percent of the gross income while Ore- with the State colleges of agriculture co- ialists one for 4-H clubs and the other for gon's tax is 1 percent and Vermont's with- operating. The Food and Drug Administra- — health and nutrition. He states that con- holding rate varies by income levels. tion expects to begin seizure and condemna- siderable progress has been made in the past USDA's Office of Budget and Finance has is- tion of infested consignments of grains next sued memoranda to all the fiscal officers in six months in establishing a scientific center July 1. the agencies affected by the withholding to meet local needs. Small farmers show laws in these two States and one Territory. Grain market news much interest in its work. It instructs them on the procedures cover- ing the proper handling of this new and On January 9 the first issue of the new Cooler by crossing grain market news and statistical report was extra withholding tax in respect to all USDA Forty-one crossbred heifer calves—all de- distributed to interested persons throughout employees who come under its provisions. scendants of the 2 Red Sindhi bulls imported Grain Branch of Production For Oregon and Vermont the withholding the country by from India by the Bureau of Dairy Industry and Marketing Administration. It appears law affecting Federal workers became effec- in 1946—were born in the Southern Regional weekly and gives current and review figures tive February 15, 1953, and for Hawaii it Dairy Cattle Breeding Project the past year, movements, storages and prices of cereals was operative on January 18, 1953. Payrolls on making a total of 187 crossbred females of oil seeds. Anyone directly interested in of employees subjected to these isolated in- and various ages on hand at the end of the fiscal grain affairs obtain this report on re- stances of tax withholding will be suitably may year. Six purebred Sindhis (3 of each sex) quest to Thomas J. McGuire, Chief, Market adjusted on and after the above dates. have been born in this country. The ulti- Grain Branch, PMA, Alaska's withholding tax exempts Federal News and Services, mate objective of this breeding project, in Washington 25, D. C. employees entirely for the present. USDA, which the Bureau is co-operating with the USDA has 6 agencies in both Hawaii and State experiment stations of Louisiana, Vermont and 10 in Oregon. Agencies with Dedicate St. Louis market Georgia, Texas, and South Carolina, is to employees working in all three withholding heat-resistant dairy cattle for the The seventeenth modern, efficient, and develop Soil Service, tax areas include Conservation well arranged wholesale produce market con- South. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, structed or modernized from plans developed of Farmers Home economics theses Bureau Animal Industry, Home by the Marketing and Facilities Research Administration, Mar- and Production and Branch of the Production and Marketing Ad- A compilation of 449 theses for masters in keting Administration. Those found only ministration was dedicated at St. Louis, Mo., and doctors degrees and 348 masters degrees affected States are Forest Service two and January 31. Costing about 4 million dollars, without theses in the field of home eco- the Office of the Solicitor. Those located in this market is one of the country's largest nomics and related subjects appear as title only one affected area are Office of the Sec- and provides space for more than 100 whole- references arranged by the Bureau of Human retary, Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and salers with suitable railway and truck Nutrition and Home Economics in coopera- Agricultural Engineering, and Bureau of accomodations. tion with the Home Economics Service, Of- Agricultural Economics. The exact number fice of Education, Federal Security Agency. of employees involved is not determined. Food dollar facts The material is issued as PA-207 to aid re- search workers and graduate students. It Fulghum to return According to the Bureau of Agricultural also has a list of graduates getting masters Economics, more of the consumer's food dol- degrees without theses which serves as a Ralph Fulghum of the information staff in lar has been going for marketing charges in directory of likely recruits with desired re- the Extension Service plans to sail for home recent months. The farm value of the mar- search experience in this field. It covers the from LeHavre, France, on March 16. He has ket-basket foods averaged 7 percent lower in 1951-52 period. has no copies to been in France about a year and aided ma- USDA the last quarter of 1952 than in the same terially in strengthening the use of agricul- send. period of 1951. The farmer's share declined tural communicative services abroad. to an average of 48 cents for 1952 against each dollar spent a year Orange ignorance about 50 cents for MARCH 11, 1953, Vol. XII, No. 5 earlier for farm-produced foods. In spite of all the achievements of the USDA is published fortnightly for dis- Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chem- Mayo follows Livingston tribution to employees only, by direction of istry with orange juice concentrate, Dr. G. E. the Secretary of Agriculture, and with ap- Hilbert, its chief, still confesses a large area Arthur V. Mayo is the new supervisor in proval of the Director of the Bureau of the of ignorance about what real nutritive values charge of the Chicago office of the Com- Budget (July 1, 1952), as containing admin- there are in orange products. He says it is modity Exchange Authority. Starting as an istrative information required for the proper more than a sugar solution, or citric acid, accountant in the same office in 1929 after transaction of the public business. Retirees flavoring oils, vitamin C, and carotene com- some time in the farming and grain busi- who write the editor requesting it may con- bined. He points to what the chemist finds ness, Mr. Mayo follows George Livingston, tinue to get USDA. Please write instead of in oranges—11 amino acids, 17 carotenoid who retires after heading the Chicago CEA phoning whenever possible; for rush orders pigments, and 11 fiavonoids, of which 8 have office since 1944. Mr. Livingston once taught call Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of never been fully identified. It appears from agronomy at Iowa State College and was a USDA, Office of Information, Department of this that only foolish men quit wondering. former chief of the USDA Bureau of Markets. Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1953 :

SHARE THIS COPY Sharing credit IN DISCUSSING the pioneer work of Dr. Beverley T. Galloway who headed the Division of Vegetable Physiology that formed part of the original Bureau 1 of Plant Industry, John A. Stevenson speaks of the group of enthusiastic as- 2 L_jfc„J sociates he gathered about him. 3 According to Dr. Stevenson, an inci- dent in the notable career of Dr. Gallo- FOR MARCH 25, 1953 4 way helped establish a precedent for ex- tending due credit to research workers for their part in progressive experiments. and repeats the prior warning by the This is what the record shows Action-packed time Secretary against overproduction of cot- Previous to Dr. Galloway's time it was ton this year and its results. customary in the Department and in SECRETARY BENSON and associates February 27 The Secretary calls for — many parts of the scientific world for in USDA have moved forward on many an industry-wide corn conference of 38 the chief of a unit to publish as his own fronts in their consideration of various men and asks for a similar conference work the work done by his associates, complex agricultural commodity situa- on wheat by 42 men representing every and without giving them credit. Gallo- tions since February 1 this year. Read- segment of these industries, to consider way objected firmly to such a policy and ers will appreciate a brief chronological the present situation and possible ways as soon as he found himself in an ad- review of numerous actions taken in this to stabilize prices and production. It ministrative position he saw to it that regard, as recorded in the official De- was announced that dairy products due credit was given for all published partment press releases. would supported at 90 percent of par- be material. February 3 The Secretary stresses this year, on the assurance that lead- — ity One of the associate chiefs was ap- orderly cattle marketing and develop- ers of the industry would at once begin palled at such a policy, and when Gallo- ment of consumer demand for beef. work to reduce to a minimum govern- way refused to alter his policy, had him February 5—The Secretary issues a gen- ment support purchases. cited to the Commissioner of Agriculture eral statement on agricultural policy to March 2—The Secretary announces on the grounds that such procedure be followed in his administration. Feb- lifting of restrictions on importation of cheapened the work and led to lack of ruary 6—The Secretary calls an indus- livestock and animal or other products confidence in it on the part of the public, try-wide cotton conference for February from Canada, and proclaims an end who were not familiar with the names of 12 and a dairy industry conference for to the state of emergency announced the younger workers. A hearing was February 17. February 9—The Secre- March 10, 1952, because of the outbreak tary announces continuation of the of foot-and-mouth disease in Canada, held and the new policy begun by Gallo- emergency hay program to designated which has been eradicated. way was definitely approved, and has drought areas through an additional March 3—The Secretary calls a been the general plan of things since allocation of $1,500,000 from the Fed- broadly representative agricultural that time. eral Disaster Relief Coordinator. finance advisory group to find out to It also develops from the records of the February 13—The Secretary appoints what extent farm operations will be lim- time that women technical workers were a 7-man committee to study the cotton ited owing to finances, with special ref- few and their presence not encouraged. export situation and make recommenda- erence to the cattle industry. Their re- This, also, was changed by the attitude tions. February 16—The Secretary com- port is that few, if any loans, have been of Dr. Galloway, who placed Mrs. Flora ments on the livestock inventory as of called due to declining prices and that M. Patterson in charge of the fungus January 1, 1953. February 18—The loans to cattlemen are still considered herbarium in 1896 as assistant patholo- Secretary emphasizes the problems as- very good risks. gist, who for more than 28 years devoted sumed by his administration under the March 4—The Secretary announces herself unceasingly to the building up of current dairy price support purchase that CCC price supports will not be the collections. In other words, the program and also names a 9 -man cot- available on the 1953 crop of hay and strengthening of employee morale and tonseed advisory committee. February pasture seeds, inasmuch as the apparent esprit de corps was a primary contribu- 19—Commodity Credit Corporation says carry-over stocks plus additional sup- tion of Dr. Galloway along with his it will buy moderate amounts of new corn plies this year seem to be fully adequate, sound and noteworthy scientific services. and increase its marketings of off-grade and because it might invite needless corn ahead of the warm weather. stock-piling and deterioration of re- Dr. Hilbert honored Guido E. Hilbert, Chief of the Bureau February 26—The Secretary calls an serves. Dr. of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, is industry-wide conference of 23 repre- March 5—Appointment by the Secre- one of 11 persons selected this year for Rockefeller Public Service awards for out- sentatives of all phases of the turkey in- tary of a 9-man peanut advisory com- standing career performance in Federal work. dustry concerning ways to hold 1953 pro- mittee is announced, to confer and make He is widely known for research in carbo- chemistry. He joined USDA in 1930 duction in balance with anticipated recommendations on price support. hydrate and helped set up four regional research demand. The Department issues the March 11—A new Foreign Agricultural laboratories, and later headed the one at Hilbert will study next fall minimum support price level for cotton Service was created in place of OFAR Peoria, 111. Dr. at the business school of Harvard University of the 1953 crop at 90 percent of parity with Romeo E. Short as director. under the award scholarship. 245709"—53 —

activity, but the young fruit trees Year of the locust and grape vines are sometimes seri- Accent is on "better" ously damaged by cicada egg-laying A QUICK reading of these few para- FARM MECHANIZATION has rushed operations. graphs may help prepare you to head off ahead since the arrival of the internal In early July, the adult cicadas begin any wild neighborhood excitement that combustion engine on the farm, stimu- quietly disappearing and by mid-month develops next spring when the "17-year lated very largely by the increase it pro- most of them are gone. At about this locust" makes one of its infrequent ap- duced in the output per man-day. More time, the eggs hatch. The newly pearances. So many of these odd little product per man-day has been the thing, emerged cicadas drop to the ground, fellows come, and with such a rush and but times have changed and the great burrow down to a succulent rootlet, and noisy to-do, that it is sometimes hard surpluses of good farm land have dis- attach themselves; there to remain for for even the seasoned veteran (he who appeared. In other words, population 17 years. Bureau of Entomology and remembers them from 1936, or perhaps — is catching up with the supply of farm Plant Quarantine. 1919) to greet their debut with at least land—at least on the basis of oldtims outward calm. ways of cropping. Actually, a brood of the 17-year locust, Tempera and trumpet What this situation means to the ag- or periodical cicada (as they are correctly ricultural engineers, E. G. McKibben, called) appears each year, but some WHEN FORESTERS come to meetings Director of Agricultural Engineering broods have better withstood the effects at the Atlanta headquarters of the Research, Bureau of Plant Industry, of time, man, and natural enemies. Such Southern Region of the U. S. Forest Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, a brood is scheduled in 1953. It will be Service they are often entertained with brought out at the Georgia Farm Mech- prominent in many localities from Long music from the trumpet played by Harry anization Conference, Athens, early in Island to Illinois, southward to Georgia. Rossoll, who also "doubles in brass" as February. Said McKibben: They'll come first to the South—late a cartoonist and poster artist for the in April or early in May—and by late Division of Information and Education. Because of this probable increase in the ratio population May will have appeared in many North- of to land, there seems lit- Mr. Rossoll draws Smokey Bear cartoons tle doubt that we can expect greater empha- ern States. They come by night, as if which appear in hundreds of newspapers sis on increased production per acre. The following are some of the implications for from nowhere, and one morning you and handles a wide variety of subject farm mechanization: (1) Any form of arise to find vast numbers of the cicada's matter related to forest conservation in mechanization which tends to reduce pro- pupal cases on tree trunks, twigs, leaves colored displays made with tempera and duction per acre will be looked on with ever increasing disfavor. There will be an on almost every available support. There (2) oil paint. He has been with the Region increased demand for the more effective ap- will be innumerable cicadas—milky white No. 8 office at Atlanta since 1937. plication of chemicals to control crop and animal responses, weeds, plant and and red-eyed—a not undisturbing sight. animal Perhaps his nearest step to wide re- pests and diseases, soil fertility, and phys- The males appear first and in a few nown was when he acted the part of ical condition. (3) There will probably be need for equipment to effectively apply elec- days the females join them. Their shells "Pierre, the chef" and drew chalk- camp tric energy for some of the same purposes. harden take and on a somber hue, but talk cartoons of Smokey Bear while the (4) There will be increased support for ma- their eyes remain red. catchy song about the fire-preventin' chines or methods which will increase either the quantity The males soon become "vocal" and of crop per acre or quality of bear was rendered by Eddy Arnold for product. (5) There will be increased inter- will render "song" after incessant song. a short film presentation. This little est in the agricultural utilization of crop Students of the 17-year cicada say that residues for feed and bedding. In other musical feature has become one of the words, from now on we will need to place in- the insects are capable of four distinct most popular with juvenile audiences creasing emphasis on the "better" phase of our motto of "bigger and better." sounds. There is one rather long- ever issued by Forest Service. winded burring noise that they employ Mr. Rossoll is from Connecticut, and only singing Strong housing need when in groups. Another, studied art at Norwich, Conn., and New termed "Pharoah's song," is Our Bureau of Human Nutrition and Home intermittent, York City. He taught drawing at a Economics points to several factors apt to starting with a bur similar to the group school in Mississippi and later went with maintain a firm demand during the coming sound, but ending after 4 or 5 seconds on the Mississippi Advertising Commission. year for housing. In a recent publication a definitely lower tone. The third sound they cited the view of Walter W. Schneider, He also led professional orchestras. His Bureau of Labor Statistics, that the million is described as a "soft purr" of one duties require frequent field trips to or more marriages expected in 1953 will syllable, and the last is a loud harsh create much pressure for space; continuing make sketches and consult with forest- high employment levels mean more demand note of "primitive passion" uttered ers and fire wardens in the Southern for separate housing by unmarried women; only that when the males are surprised or Region. rising birth rates suggest many families frightened. with new babies will be hunting for single- family houses, while the defense activity The periodical cicada is not of major Recent appointments causes great shifts in populations who must be able to find living accommodations. economic importance. Only when the Preston Richards, with more than 20 female has mated and prepares to lay years' experience in agricultural service and program administration, and former director Williams in ACP post her eggs does she sometimes get in a of the Dairy Branch, Production and Mar- Donald A. Williams, Assistant Chief of the destructive lick against mankind. She keting Administration, is the newly ap- Soil Conservation Service, is the new Chief pointed Assistant Administrator for of the Agricultural Conservation Program gouges out pockets on twigs of trees, Com- modity Operations in PMA. Mr. Richards office which was formerly administered as bushes, and shrubs in which to lay her first Joined TJSDA in 1930 as livestock spe- part of the Production and Marketing Ad- eggs, and if she does enough gouging the cialist in the Bureau of Agricultural Eco- ministration. He is a graduate in engineer- nomics, and he served in the Army Quarter- ing at South Dakota State College and has twigs sometimes are broken. Female master Corps in World War n. His suc- been in charge of technical operations of periodical cicadas have a decided prefer- cessor as director of the Dairy Branch of SCS since 1951. He entered Federal service PMA is E. M. Norton, who first joined the in 1935 and has had field experience in irri- ence for oak, hickory, apple, peach, and Department in 1934 with the original Agri- gation and water conservation in several pear trees, and for grape vines. Most cultural Adjustment Administration, and be- Western States, and served as assistant re- came assistant director of the Dairy Branch gional director for SCS in the Pacific Coast plants can cope with such destructive in April 1948. area.

USDA: March 25, 1953 Wheelbarrow sprayer Readers' reminders Circular No. ET-305 of the Bureau of Ento- mology and Plant Quarantine describes a Color grading of eggs new wheelbarrow type sprayer that uses com- Honor awards list rises Because color grading of eggs is profitable presed carbon dioxide as a source of pres- Department agencies have set a new rec- in markets where color preferences rule the sure. It designed built Salt River was and at ord for the number of individuals nominated trade, a new grading machine with "electric Valley, Ariz., Taylor by E. A. and Grin for the annual Honor Awards ceremony in eyes" has been devised by engineers and A. Hills. It is mainly intended for truck May. Selection committee have been named. poultry specialists at the Agricultural Re- crop and garden pest control experiments. Beltsville, More details search Center, Md. Easter sunrise service may be had by asking USDA editor for No. Useful teamwork 358. Our readers are invited by Maj. Gen. Paul Examples of cooperation in sharing facili- H. Streit, commander of Walter Reed Army ties by USDA agencies are numerous. One Cow papers Medical Center, to worship with the patients recent exemple is in Denver, where research and duty personnel at the twenty-sixth an- The Bureau of Dairy Industry has a couple people in the Bureau of Animal Industry are nual outdoor Easter sunrise service there of new papers on dairy cows. Both are dated using IBM machines in the office of the on April 5. Watch newspapers for exact January 1953, with Ralph Hodgson, Assistant Farmers Administration Home to tabulate hour of the ceremony. Chief, as author. One on feeding the modern data from' cattle breeding tests in some 20 dairy cow is BDI-INP 146; and the other States. Other cases like this would be Broadhead handles fair employment relating to pasture improvement is BDI-INP welcome. 147. Apply direct to BDI's information D. K. Broadhead, Executive Assistant to office. Propose puzzlers the Secretary, has been designated by Secre- tary Benson Eighteen questions pointing out the most as Fair Employment Officer for the Department. He will responsible to "Knotty" problems striking shortages we see today in our agri- be the Secretary for an effective to in- Agriculture Handbook No. 52 by Ellis Wil- cultural knowledge were given by the Agri- program sure that fair employment policies are fully liams, economist, with Forest Service, tells cultural Research Policy Committee who observed in all personnel actions. The head the small forest tract owner in plain lan- met at Washington, D. C. on February 20. of each Department agency is guage how to meet the income tax aspects While none of their "posers" are exactly new, named as a Deputy Fair Employment Officer to work of his operations. Get copies from Inquiries they embod j the large field of unsolved with Mr. Broadhead. and Distribution Service, Office of Informa- problems facing combined State-Federal tion. commercial farm research workers. The USDA local NFFE officers brief summary is No. 421, which may be had Veteran benefits from the editor of USDA. Agriculture Branch of Local No. 2 of the National Federation of Federal Employees A new fact sheet designed to give general File beneficiary named officers February information about most Federal benefits that on 10. Dayton S. Ward, Rural Electrification is Congress provides for veterans has been dis- Have you filed a designated beneficiary to Administration president; Briggs, tributed by the Information Service, Veter- get your unpaid Federal compensation due C. R. Production and Mar- keting Administration, Emily Clark, Bureau ans' Administration here. It's just a key or at time of death? It is advisable to do this. of Agricultural Economics, and Elmer index to existing benefits of all kinds enjoyed Any employee may name any person or per- Thompson, Office of Information, are vice by veterans and their survivors, with refer- sons as beneficiary by executing and filing presidents; Margaret Nixon, is ences to the various agencies who administer Standard Form No. 1152; and prior bene- and C. PMA, secretary. There are 1,100 chapters of them. USDA has no copies. ficiaries may also be cancelled or revoked by filing another such form. Forms may be NFFE. Ag economics story secured from your personnel office. Those filed beneficiaries time Ravegers and destroyers Agricultural economics as a scientific dis- who some ago might check now to see if they are still properly In a recent statement about defense cipline is hardly 50 years old, yet today agri- designated. against insects and plant diseases, G. J. cultural economists are found in consider- Haeussler and Paul R. Miller, USDA insect able profusion everywhere—in educational, Illness of elms and plant disease workers, state that insects commercial, and regulatory agencies both in- cause at least 4 billion dollars damage and side and outside of the Government. A new Dutch elm disease caused by a fungus and plant maladies take a toll of billions of book on the subject is "The Story of Agri- elm phloem necrosis of virus origin are the 2y2 dollars a year in this coimtry alone. More cultural Economics in the United States," worst destructive elm ailments in the than 80,000 kinds of insects and some 25,000 by Henry C. and Anne Dewees Taylor, Iowa country. The European elm bark beetle diseases are listed as plant enemies in North State College Press, Ames, Iowa, 1,121 pages, carries the former, while a leafhopper America. 1952, $10 a copy. This book was reviewed spreads phloem necrosis, although sometimes by O. V. Wells, Bureau of AgriciUtural in close plantings both diseases spread Eco- Retirement of Mr. Hunter nomics, in the January 1953 issue of "Agri- through root grafts. Ask for Leaflet No. 329 cultural Economic Research." from Publications Distribution Unit, Bureau On February 25, 1953, employees of the of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. It Office of the Solicitor, together with Karl D. Flowering dogwood gives the practical controls. Loos, the present Solicitor, met in the Jeffer- Curtis May, Division of Forest Pathology, son Auditorium to pay homage to W. Carroll Local farmers' markets Solicitor, retired Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricul- Hunter, the former who on To determine under what conditions ship- January 22, 1953. Gifts of wrist watch tural Engineering, is author of a 4-page cir- a cular dated December 1952, entitled "Dog- ping point markets for fruits and vegetables and a 2-suiter traveling bag were made to are most apt to succeed or fail, a behalf of the of wood Diseases in the East." It is a good study was Mr. Hunter on members offices field other reference for all growers of Cornus florida, made by two USDA to form the con- "Sol" in Washington and the and popular flowering species which normally clusions given in Marketing Research Report friends in the Department. Mr. Hunter en- Facilities 1933, became As- is quite free of serious diseases. Trans- No. 17. The Marketing and Re- tered USDA in September in planting and heat and drought injury axe search Branch of the Production and Mar- sistant Solicitor (later Associate Solicitor) to also discussed. keting Administration and the Cooperative charge of litigation and Special Assistant Research and Service Division, Farm Credit the Attorney General in July 1942. He was Cheese quota imports Administration, did the work involved. It's named Solicitor in April 1946 upon the resig- Part III of the series of reports on farmers' nation of Robert H. Shields. The Department has a statement covering produce markets in the United States. For authorized the amount of specified types of your copy, apply to Office of Information Ewing promoted cheese that is permitted entry to this country Services, PMA. K. P. Ewing, employed for more than 32 under the Defense Food Order No. 3 from years in the Bureau of Entomology and Plant July 1, 1952, through June 30, 1953. These housing preferences Farm Quarantine, is the new head of the Division quota restrictions are valid through next A newly published report covers results of Insects Affecting Cotton and Other Fiber June 30. For a full statement of allowed from four Regions of the Nation surveyed Plants. He succeeds R. W. Harned who has importations by countries of origin, ask USDA by the Bureau of Human Nutrition and headed this division since 1931 and who con- editor for No. 219. Home Economics in cooperation with 34 tinues as staff assistant and consultant to That "career" book State experiment stations in the matter of the Bureau Chief in respect to cotton insect rural household activities and building pref- control. Since he became associated with Agriculture Handbook No. 45 is proving erences. It presents useful data for farm- the Bureau in 1920, Mr. Ewing has made popular. It brings together much basic ers, engineers, architects and home econo- many contributions to the yield and quality material about the inside work and duties of mists in planning space and functional of cotton through better insect control meth- various agencies in the Department, with an aspects of farm houses. "Housing Needs ods, and in 1939 he was put in charge of the eye toward attracting high grade employees and Preferences of Farm Families" is listed new cotton insect research laboratory at and keeping them. The latest edition was as AIB-96, which may be had by writing to Waco, Tex. In 1950 he was named the Texas printed in August, 52 pages illustrated. Per- Office of Information, USDA, Washington "Man of the Year" by Progressive Farmer sonnel officers should have copies for you. 25, D. C. for outstanding service to agriculture.

USDA: March 25, 1953 "Waisted" without waste USDA dairy tests Changes in BAI Plant Quarantine Inspector C. P. Trotter At least three recent innovations in dairy Dr. J. R. Gorham succeeds Dr. G. C. Mc- on the Laredo, Tex., border, found a Mexican manufactures largely arising from experi- Ginnis as official in charge of the Fur Animal with a suspiciously bulging waistline one ments in the Bureau of Dairy Industry will Research Laboratory, State College, Pullman, day last year and asked for a search by the be included in the deliberations of the Amer- Wash. Dr. E. L. Peck succeeds Dr. G. H. Customs officer. The "take" consisted of an ican Dairy Science Association at its next Ehlers (retired) as inspector in charge at eight-compartment belt stuffed with seeds of meeting in June at Madison, Wis. They are Sioux City, Iowa. pumpkin, cornflower, avocado, mango, the Lactometer test for measuring solids-not- mamey, and medicinal herbs, 2 mangoes, fat in milk, the new detergent butterfat Kelley to Beltsville and 6 peaches. test, and the relation of fat content to keep- Dr. Omer J. Kelley, for more than 5 years ing quality of dried milk. regional director of Soil Management and Marketing advances Irrigation Agriculture for the Department at At the end of World War n, less than 5 Retirees organize Colorado A&M College, is the new head of the percent of the Federal agricultural research Through the USDA Welfare and Recreation Division of Soil Management, Irrigation, and program was devoted to marketing. With Association, an Association of Retired Em- Dry Land Regions, Bureau of Plant Industry, the added support to this work that came ployees was planned as a project for 1953. Soils, and Agricultural Engineering. from the Agricultural Marketing Act, the There is a growing need for planning in percentage was raised to 12 percent in the advance for retirement. Several successful Miller leaves CEA next 5 years. This percentage has receded, luncheon meetings held in 1952 prompted Walter L. Miller, executive officer of the however, since the advent of the mobilization the sponsors to continue this activity. A Commodity Exchange Authority, has retired program. special bookshelf on retirement was set up after 37 years service with USDA. During with the cooperation of the USDA Library. his career he has served with the naval at- Motion pictures standby tache's office in the American Embassy at Greensman Grau quits London, Operation of the USDA Motion Pictures as chief of the Foreign Service Bu- reau of the Service in the Office of Information has been Dr. Fred V. Grau, director of the U. S. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic placed on a standby basis, owing to the fact Golf Association Green Section, with offices Commerce, and the Department's Office of Budget and Finance. His successor is Daniel that film production is run on a reimbursable and research plots at the Plant Industry A. Currie, basis, resulting in an operating loss and the Station, Beltsville, Md., has resigned. Before who has been with Office of Per- sonnel for the cancellation of many orders from other Gov- developing the turf program for the associa- past 10 years. tion, Dr. Grau did extension work in turf ernment agencies. The distribution and in- Water loans formation functions are not affected. and grasslands at the Pennsylvania State College for about 10 years. In resigning, Dr. Farmers Home Administration says that in Helicopter spraying Grau expresses appreciation to his friends 1952 some 6,000 families in 17 Western States and coworkers in the Division of Forage Crops were using individual loans to construct or Using newly designed aerial spray equip- and Diseases and elsewhere for their cooper- repair wells, ponds, ditches, windmills, and ment developed by the Connecticut Agri- ation. He expects to continue in some phase such water facilities. Many others were cultural Experiment Station and USDA's of this work. aided by membership in 169 associations and of Plant Quarantine, Bureau Entomology and water companies that have loans to build or furnish spray services helicopters can now We all make 'em rehabilitate major installations serving rural for forest protection which can be had with Milton Mangum, Agricultural Conservation people. One-fourth of the $5,000,000 appro- no other known type of air or ground spray Programs, points out an error in our Febru- priated for water loans was advanced to machinery. Under test, it has put hormone ary 11 issue. The right figures for the 1951 groups, a larger proportion than ever. sprays on orchards and herbicides on weed lime distribution are 21,452,070 tons to growths and against certain forest and cran- Sky film sales 746,039 farms. The figures previously given berry bog insects. were merely for that portion wherein ad- During the year, the Department continued vances were made to aid farmers in obtain- to utilize aerial photographs as an important He conquered "curly top" ing conservation materials and services. aid in carrying out its functions relating to Eubanks Carsner, who has been a pioneer research, conservation, regulatory work, and plant pathologist in breeding sugar beets Holm succeeds Walster agricultural adjustment. Extensive sales of resistant to curly top virus disease 35 these aerial during Dr. Glenn C. Holm, member of the North photographs were made under years of Department service, retired on De- Dakota Agricultural College veterinary de- legislative authority (7 U. S. C. 1387) to farm- cember 31. With the assistance of many ers and governmental agencies. partment since 1949, is the new dean of During the Department coworkers and several State agriculture and director of the State experi- year, Office of Plant and Operations approved experiment stations, Dr. Carsner has had a 38 aerial photographic survey projects for ment station, effective July 1. He succeeds big part in the development of successive a total of 322,288 square miles; Dr. H. L. Walster who reaches compulsory 2 topographic improved varieties of sugar beets. The Agri- retirement this spring, and who came to the mapping projects for a total of 14,629 square cultural Research Administration estimated North Dakota institution from Wisconsin as miles; and 4 planimetric projects for a total that the cost of curly top research for 22 an agronomist in 1918. He has been dean of 11,018 square miles. years was $750,000—and that the added value there and director since 1934 and is a recog- Field crops research chief to the beet industry through higher yields nized authority on soils and agronomy. on acreages subject to severe attack amounts Dr. Martin G. Weiss, a native of Iowa, who to fully $10,000,000 a year. Like many re- Fat acidity test joined USDA as a junior geneticist in May tired USDA scientists, Dr. Carsner will serve has been director As an objective index to show the degree 1936, named of field crops the Government and the farmers as a col- research in the Bureau of Plant Industry, of soundness in grain, the now widely used laborator without pay. He will live at the Soils, and Agricultural Engineering. fat acidity test was developed the He scene of his research for 33 years Riverside, by Grain — Branch, Production and Marketing Admin- succeeds Dr. W. M. Myers, now in charge of Calif. the agronomy and plant genetics work at the istration. It has been adopted as the offi- University of Minnesota. Soybean breeding cial test by the Association of Official Filling vacancies and improvement work in Iowa Agricultural Chemists. Freshly harvested and at the The Office U. S. Regional Soybean Laboratory at Peoria, of Personnel has distributed in- grains in good condition have a fat acidity 111. have been features of Mr. Weiss's career structions to heads of all agencies in the rating of less than 20. Badly injured wheat with USDA. He served in the European USDA in accordance with Secretary's Memo- may have fat acidity values of more than 100 theater during World War II and ranks as randum No. 1322 of February 5, 1953, relative and some corn and a few other grains in colonel in the Air Force. He has been soy- to filling vacancies. It says that when a bad condition have more than 200. bean project leader for PISAE since 1950. vacancy occurs the agency shall give serious thought as to whether the position need be Koenig with Davis filled at all, or the work can be eliminated, Nathan Koenig, who served in the Office of MARCH 25, 1953, Vol. XII, No. 6 dispersed, the Secretary since 1945, and or absorbed by other employees. who had been USDA is published fortnightly for distribu- previously associated with USDA in various If it is found that the vacancy should be tion to employees only, by direction of the fields from 1933 through 1943, is now as- filled and it cannot be filled from within the Secretary of Agriculture, and with approval sistant to John H. Davis, president of the agency, a request for authority to fill the Commodity Credit Corporation, and of the Director of the Bureau of the Budget position from outside the agency must be di- rector of commodity marketing and adjust- (July 1, 1952), as containing administrative to Pers for submitted approval by the Secre- ment. Mr. Koenig has made special studies information required for the proper transac- tary. In case the request is approved, first of agriculture in different parts of the tion of the public business. Retirees who consideration must be given to filling the world while working in the Office of the Sec- write the editor requesting it, may continue position from other USDA agencies before retary, and he directed the development of to get USDA. Please write instead of phon- going outside for help. Only if the qualified a comprehensive agricultural program for ing whenever possible; for rush orders call person to fill the vacancy cannot be located Puerto Rico. A printed report on this Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of by Pers within the USDA may permission be subject is in process of publication by the USDA, Office of Information, Department of granted to seek help elsewhere. Department. Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; 1953 f SHARE THIS COPY Recording history m AGRICULTURAL HISTORY Society H n has recently announced the transfer of the editorship of its quarterly, Agricul- tural History, from the Department to 1 — --Tgfr- the University of Wisconsin. Inaugu- rated in 1927, the journal was edited 2 — Employee News Bulletin from that year to 1931 by O. C. Stine, 3 formerly of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Stine was succeeded as FOR APRIL 8, 1S53 editor by Everett E. Edwards of the same bureau, who served until his death last year. The new editor is Vernon Carstensen of Wisconsin's History Wider horizons Chemurgic conquests Department. The Society was founded in 1919 to Foreign Agricultural Service was CHEMICAL MARVELS in adaptation, A NEW "stimulate interest in, promote the study within the Department of Agri- transformation, and conservation of created of, and facilitate research and publica- replaces the former Office farm crops and byproducts are a routine culture. It tion on the history of agriculture." The Relations. Sec- end result at the laboratories of the of Foreign Agricultural impetus for the Society came from with- named Romeo E. Short Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial retary Benson in the Department and among its which Chemistry. At the March meeting of as director. In contrast to OFAR, charter members were Rodney H. True, of the Secretary, the the National Chemurgic Council at St. was a staff office G. N. Collins, G. K. Holmes, A. C. True, a major position in Louis, Mo., representatives of Bureau's new FAS occupies Lyman Carrier, O. C. Stine, W. W. Stock- recently established six information staff presented graphic col- the Department's berger, C. W. Warburton, Clariber R. Extension, ored displays and object lessons of the functional groups: Research, Barnett, Mary G. Lacy, L. O. Howard, Marketing more recent achievements. and Land Use, Commodity W. E. Safford, W. A. Taylor, and others More efficient development of Vitamin and Adjustment, Foreign Agricultural of USDA fame. Joining with them were 12 through the Bureau's newly discov- Service, Agricultural Credit Services, B historians, economists, botanists, and ered micro-organism from Japanese soil, Departmental Administration, Office of others from the state colleges and ex- and which is now used by firms that the Solicitor. periment stations. Present-day mem- manufacture 25 percent of the vitamins Establishment of the new FAS gives bership rolls show the same wide used in stock feed, is one example. Other added weight and prestige to the Depart- diversity of interests among members. items noted in the display are book paper ment's role in foreign agricultural af- Included are scientists, farmers, econo- from sugarcane bagasse, starch fairs. The fact that Mr. Short, serving made mists, historians, editors of farm jour- sponge for surgeons, fertilizer from on the Secretary's staff, will give full nals, extension leaders, and others feathers, new orange juice pow- time and attention to foreign agricul- waste interested in agricultural history from der, frozen apple juice concentrate, an tural affairs is an indication of Secre- all parts of the country. improved dried egg powder, high-fla- tary Benson's strong interest in such The Society holds an annual meeting, vored maple syrup, a new body-conform- matters. in addition to joining with the American bandage, and oil and wax The Department is very much aware ing cotton Historical Association and other learned products from rice bran. that American agricultural exports societies in sponsoring sessions at which Dextran made by certain bacterial ac- slipped back 15 percent during 1952, and papers are read. Its main activity, how- tion on cane sugar produces a blood as a first order of business will ever, is the publication of Agricultural plasma extender for emergency shock strengthen the work in developing for- History. The only journal of its type, treatment. Modified inedible beef and eign markets. This will be done by more it is the major medium for articles on fats make up into useful plasticizers, complete coordination of the work of all hog the history of agriculture in all its USDA and other Governmental repre- from which garden hose, upholstery ma- phases and the clearinghouse for infor- coverings are made. sentatives that are working abroad. terials and wall mation of interest and value to workers display featured a promising FAS expects to maintain closer working Another in the field. The costs of printing and that relations with the 75 U.S. agricultural domestic source for tannin material mailing the journal are paid entirely dependence upon attaches and officers who report regu- may soon reduce our from membership and subscription fees. is variety larly from some 50 foreign countries. imported materials. This the The Society plans to maintain close to desert tracts, known as Also, FAS will help the Department of dock native ties with the Department and welcomes give stronger leadership in international "canaigre." This "suit-case" show was contributions to the journal from De- popular number on the program as cooperation as it involves agriculture. a partment employees. It also welcomes given by Frank L. Teuton, information This includes the technical cooperation new members. The Secretary-Treas- officer, using gadgets galore. work overseas and the foreign visitor urer, Charles A. Burmeister, long a training program in the U.S. (in both of member of the Department's staff until Document No. 2 revised which the Land-Grant colleges and uni- his retirement last year, maintains the Authorities in the Office of the Solicitor versities are leading participants), U.S. records conducts Society have revised and brought up to date the Society's and participation in FAO, and international notations in Document No. 2. which gives business in Room 3906, South Building. trade policies and program affecting U.S. abridged laws relating to the Department. Copies are obtainable while the supply lasts Agriculture. from the editorial office of USDA. Donate Blood and Save a Life

247699"—53 —

all stages of the Jap beetle, and keeps or less expert in detecting and remedy- Benefits by barriers the plants moist for shipment. Sales ing the soil failures and topsoil losses are easier to make and volume is in- which occur as a blow to the welfare QUARANTINES against the en- PLANT creased thereby. of the country as a whole. A few of try of dangerous pests and diseases have And finally, an order by the New York the organized districts are devoted been in effect in the United States for 40 State officials compels growers of Long strictly to wind erosion control, grass years, and are officially in force in every Island potatoes to use paper bags in conservation, and irrigation, but the other country in the world except two marketing stocks grown in golden nema- majority of them are concerned broadly Siam and the Republic of Honduras. tode infested zones. Now most of the with soil improvement and land-use According to Ralph Sherman, Bureau W. growers there and elsewhere have aban- matters. of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, doned the 100 -pound burlap bag in favor Eleven States are completely covered these restrictions on imported plant ma- of the paper container in 10-, 15-, and in farm land area with conservation terials vary from the extra complex 50-pound sizes. districts. Included with Alabama—first regulations of Mozambique to the rela- Huge amounts of plants and plant to be fully covered—are South Carolina, tively simple ones of the Chinese Na- materials enter this country even with a Delaware, Iowa, Rhode Island, New tionals on Formosa. rigid quarantine on some imports. In Hampshire, Vermont, New Jersey, Mas- Besides the primary benefit derived 1951 there were 500 million bulbs and sachusetts, Nebraska and Mississippi. sound plant quarantines, it is from nearly 4,500,000 nursery and greenhouse Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico are also pointed out that there are some in- items imported at a value above $10,- complete. Yet soil workers realize that cidental benefits besides which are well 000,000. More than 104 million pounds the job is merely begun—although they to growers and inspectors, but known of unmanufactured cotton and 272 mil- expect to do it faster by means of such unfamiliar to the public. To skim lion pounds of potatoes came through organized cooperation. through just a few of the helps that arise our ports. Inspectors, however, found imposing certain treatments and from and intercepted 7,700 hitch-hiking for- preparatory handling of materials to eign insects and plant diseases of a Todd of tall timbers safeguards indicate fulfill quarantine dangerous nature. their fringe benefits clearly. ARMED WITH a speed graphic or an One way of obtaining white-fringed Eastman bantam special kodak, Daniel beetle certification in the Southeast is Acre loss abated O. Todd has traveled through every for- to apply DDT to the growing area. This est in Region 8 of the U. S. Forest Sarv- not only kills the beetles but destroys black-and-white and color BETTER STEWARDS of the land they ice, making many other harmful insects in the soil slides and transparencies for loan pur- love, live, and work on, is one way to and makes higher yields possible. lectures and bulle- describe the owners and operators of poses or to illustrate Vapor-heat sterilization is required to be headquarters are at more than 4,948,000 farms comprising tins. Mr. Todd's applied to sound citrus fruit only for Atlanta, Ga., where he presides over the about 79 percent of all the land in farms shipment under the quarantine rules for and ranches within the continental visual collection of about 5,000 slides killing eggs and larvae of the fruit fly. maintained in the FS Division of In- United States now enrolled in soil con- Such fruit that is bruised or thorn- Education. servation districts. Including the Carib- formation and pricked at once turns brown under the through the bean area, Hawaii, and Alaska, the sum "Dan" Todd came up treatment so that it may be culled out ranks the hard way. He was a forest total of soil conservation districts is by graders, whereas unsterilized fruit successively at Ouachita, Ark., 2,493. On 98 percent of the districts' ranger thus injured is not usually detected at Mountain, Ark., and the Missis- combined acreage of 1,369,698,000 acres Ozark that time. This cuts the loss from Forest. Born and raised the Department of Agriculture has basic sippi National spoilage in transit and in stores. the south- memorandums of agreement signed and in Arkansas, Mr. Todd knows Improved methods for the cold treat- forests well and spends fully half his in force with districts including 4,976,000 ern ment of imported applies, pears, plums, farms. time afield getting fresh pictures to il- and grapes have led to the reduction ot lustrate culture and propagation, forest Texas has 164 districts with 156,- in-transit spoilage and a much better management, fire protection, flood con- 519,000 acres—the biggest here as it quality of sound fruit for the American trol, and road and bridge construction. always is in the geographies. Montana market. In protecting against gypsy In the disastrous forest fire season of has nearly 80 million acres, New Mexico moths, methyl bromide treatment for 1952 he made veritable "hot shots" of has over 55 million acres, Kansas boasts Christmas trees was begun in October burning tracts in the Cherokee Forest 52 million acres, while Nebraska and 1942. From this quarantine regulation in Tennessee, and the forest blaze at Nevada tie with over 48 million acres has come less needle drop and longer re- Ocala, Fla. He often takes pictures of enrolled. Utah is next with more than tention of the natural green color, the woodworking industries of the South, 46 million acres and North Dakota can especially with fir trees from the having one of the best collections of this New claim over 43 million acres in these England States. kind record. organized soil conserving districts. on in A large eastern wholesale plant grower Advisers and cooperators to the farm- Mr. Todd has a Masters Degree treats his potted plants with methyl di- ers on these land-saving areas are the journalism at the University of Iowa, bromide-chlordane dip as an authorized soil conservationists, research men and taught English and writing at Went- way to get certification for shipping engineers of the Soil Conservation Serv- worth Military Academy, Lexington, Mo., under the Japanese beetle quarantine ice, with assistance at times from Forest and spent 4 years as a public informa- rules. At a minute fraction of a cent m Service, ACP committeemen and the tion officer for the U. S. Air Force at cost, this grower says that this dip kills land-grant college. More and more are Barksdale Field, La., and Drew Field, certain root-injuring insects as well as the farmers themselves becoming more Tampa, Fla.

USDA: April 8, 1953 the only known oak-wilted tree within its borders in 1951. Missouri has also Brief and choice instituted an extensive oak wilt suppres- DESTRUCTIVE OAK wilt disease has Good return sion test. in 18 States. Losses from it been found Stockholders in 78 production Knowledge of the location of diseased credit asso- would be tremendous should the disease ciations in 28 States and Puerto Rico got trees is vital to success in future cam- spread over the more valuable oak for- their short-term credit cooperatively and in paigns for arresting its spread—al- addition received $740,000 in dividends and ests of the Ozarks, the lower Mississippi patronage refunds in 1952, says the Farm though it is doubtful if all wilted trees valley, and the East—where the expense Credit Administration. These associations can be found, even by using airplanes paying dividends and patronage refunds are effort would of a thorough suppression among the 280 PCA's completely farmer- for scouting, it is pointed out. This year be more justifiable than in the areas of owned. the Federal Government and various less valuable oak stands where it has States will continue cooperative surveys Raisin diet been present for some time. and control efforts. Specimens collected Food Distribution Branch of Production Some 35 species of oak have been from suspected areas of infection should and Marketing Administration is conducting found to be susceptible to oak wilt a special plentiful foods merchandising effort be sent to your own State Pathologist or through natural infections or laboratory in behalf of raisin consumption. Recipes State Agricultural Experiment Station. and menus with raisins are featured for the tests, and none are known to be immune week of May 10-16. Whet your appetite to to it, although it kills faster in the red handle a share of the "current" crop of 25,000 extra tons! than in the white oak group. Surveys of reminders its extent and spread and research as to 4-H club reminders Bad blood for bugs cause and cure of this malady are per- The main calendar of 4-H club events for In exploratory studies the scientists of formed by the Division of Forest Path- 1953 include: 4-H Sunday, May 10; Regional find they can kill cattle grubs by in- USDA 4—H club camp, June 8-15; national encamp- ology, Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, jecting aldrin, dieldrin, and lindane into ment, June 17-24; achievement day, Novem- bodies of cattle, but they emphasize that and Agricultural Engineering in cooper- ber 14; 4-H congress, Chicago, November 29- this method as a practical means of insect ation with various State agencies. December 3. Circular PA-214 by the Federal control is not a finished recommendation. Extension Service gives handy hints on ways There is some encouragement that it For all the main points they make in the to observe such important dates, written by trials, ask USDA editor for No. 453. can be controlled. Although oak wilt is Gertrude Warren, retired. widespread, it is not yet out of control Plastics from pigs Leaders in livestock in either the Ozarks or the East. The Vinyl plastic products made from the in- disease spreads great distances but ap- edible fats of hogs and cows, as well as from Receipts of livestock at public markets in soybeans, afford new byproducts uses for order of their volume for 1952 has been is- parently lacks an efficient means by farm commodities. Work done by the Bu- sued by Livestock Branch of Production and which to build up numerous infections reau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemis- Marketing Administration. Two toppers in try on this method of processing fats and cattle were Chicago and Omaha; in calves, rapidly. Numerous States have already oils for use as plasticizers is described briefly Milwaukee and South St. Paul; in hogs, Chi- begun a vigorous effort to survey the ex- in No. 503, which you may get from the cago and St. Louis; in sheep and lambs, Den- tent of oak wilt and find practical means editor of USDA. ver, Colo., and Ogden, Utah; in horses and mules, North Salt Lake and Fort Smith, Ark. for its suppression. More woe for weeds Recommended control plans are out- Scientists working on improved chemical Farm population note lined weed-killing agents used for pre-emergence by Marvin E. Fowler and associates The population living on United States sprays to stop weed growth will find some in the Division of Forest Pathology. farms numbered 24,819,000 in April 1952, professional hints and progress notes by says the cooperative report by the Bureau of Wilt-infected trees should be cut down. writing to USDA editor for No. 516. It gives the Census and the Bureau of Agricultural data from tests by Dr. W. C. Shaw and C. R. Most of the trees should be burned, and Economics. April 1950 (revised) Swanson of Plant Industry Station. For the if any lumber is cut from the trunk, the population figure on farms is 25,058,000. This causes the estimate of farm population bark Maize munitions and outer wood removed in slabs to be 15.9 percent of the total United States should also be burned. Lumber from Corn hybrids and varieties vary in their population as of April 1952. In April 1950 it tolerance for was 16.6 percent. Males numbered 12,719,000 which the bark and slab wood is removed 2,4-D sprays to check weed growth, but the differences are not significant and females 12,100,000 according to the latest is not considered a hazard for the spread at rates below one-half pound an acre, says 1952 estimate. Children under 14 years to- of oak wilt. Dr. Roy L. Lovvorn, USDA weed research taled 8,120,000. and all persons 14 years and specialist. Inbreds and corn from single- over were 16,699,000 on our farms. The zone under the bark of the in- cross seed are more susceptible to spray fected oaks is the place where the fungus damage than most hybrids. Some sugges- Honor awards committees tions on this are carried in No. obtain- fruits and forms mats or pads. This 478, able from USDA editor. Members of the official selection com- ability of the fungus to fruit beneath the mittees who are considering the nomina- tions made for Distinguished Service and bark it Calf club circular makes unwise to use oak-wilted Superior Service awards this year are: Dis- trees with the bark on them for fence "Your 4-H Beef Calf" is a neat 16-page tinguished Service: Richard D. Aplin, direc- circular illustrated by Mrs. Elsie Svaasand tor, Departmental Administration; John posts, mine props, railroad ties, or other and written by W. E. Flint, extension animal Bird, associate editor of Country Gentleman, products that might serve to perpetuate husbandman at the New Mexico A&M Col- Philadelphia; Dr. P. V. Cardon, director, the wilt disease. lege. It's sound material, well presented. USDA Graduate School; Roger B. Corbett, National Association of Food Chains; Rus- Among the States where oak wilt con- Farm safety sell I. Thackrey, Association of Land-Grant trol programs are either under way or Colleges and Universities. Superior Service: "Farm to live and live to farm" is the C. M. Ferguson, director of Extension Serv- being seriously studied and considered slogan for the 1953 farm safety campaign ice; James A. Keane, State director, Farmers are Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West effort. The USDA farm safety fact sheet of Home Administration, Bozeman, Mont.; A. E. four pages is ready for distribution through McClymonds, regional director of Soil Con- Virginia, Maryland, Kansas, North Caro- the usual channels, after considerable spade servation Service, Lincoln, Nebr.; Sterling R. lina, Tennessee and Kentucky. Minne- work by a special committee in cooperation Newell, assistant chief, Bureau of Agricul- with the National Safety Council and the tural Economics; Ruth O'Brien, assistant sota is testing control measures on an Office of Information. The dates for "farm chief, Bureau of Human Nutrition and Home experimental basis in three sections in- safety week" are Julv 19-25. Secretary Ben- Economics; Harry C. Trelogan, assistant ad- volving about 5,000 acres of heavily in- son and President Eisenhower issued state- ministrator, Agricultural Research Adminis- ments on farm safety observance which are tration; T. Roy Reid, director of personnel, fected oak forests. Virginia destroyed distributed with the fact sheet. belongs to both committees.

USDA: April 8, 1953 Pidgeon heads USDA club Farm newspapermen coming Whitaker wins award

Rezin E. Pidgeon, Forest Service's Division For the dates April 23-25 special programs T. W. Whitaker, geneticist at the U. S. of Engineering, is the new head of the At- and demonstrations will be staged in USDA Field Laboratory, La Jolla, Calif., is using a lanta USDA club. He succeeds William J. on behalf of members of a new journalistic cash award received from the American Foster of the Solicitor's Office. Directors of organization—the Newspaper Farm Editors Academy of Arts and Sciences to do further the Atlanta Club are C. A. Connaughton, F3 Association. J. S. Russell, Des Mcines Regis- research on cucurbits. The award was R. L. Vansant, FHA; J. M. Simmons, PMA ter and Tribune, is president, and Richard granted in recognition of his research in the W. J. Foster, Sol; Herbert D. Rorex. PMA Orr, Chicago Tribune, is secretary. field of cultivated cucurbits. In 1947 he won S. D. Truitt, Ext; Frank Albert, FS; and a Guggenheim Fellowship. David Slappey, FHA. To boom beef Bulletin warehouse moved Forest station safety The Livestock Advisory Committee named All mail or publications and processed by Secretary Benson has asked for a material from agency field offices which for- Council's 1953 cer- The National Safety stepped-up effort of Departmental promo- merly were addressed to the publications commendation for the time tificates of tion, through press, radio, and television to warehouse of the Office of Information at disabling injury have been worked without a acquaint the public with the plentiful sup- 501 26th Street, NW., should hereafter be Forest Experi- awarded to Pacific Northwest ply and relatively low prices of beef, and sent to the new location in the South Build- Station, the Rocky Mountain Experi- ment asked that the volume of beef used in the ing, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wash- Southeastern Experiment ment Station, the school lunch program be increased, and ington 25, D. C. the Allegheny Station, and a special award to called for expanded research on new uses Forest of Pennsylvania 6 years and National — for tallow, animal fats, and hides. Operations research talks 4y3 months without a lost-time accident. The latter is an all-time injury-free period Dr. Joseph F. McCloskey, Operations Re- among our national forests. Well qualified search Office, Johns Hopkins University, is chairman of a series of Graduate School Philip Young, new chairman of the U.S. lectures on operations research. The full Myers retired with honors Civil Service Commission, spent 10 years in schedule of lecturers in the series may be the Federal service from 1934 to 1944. He Roy W. Myers, longest tenure employee of had from the Registrar. They began March began his Government work in the Securi- the Bureau of Dairy Industry, has retired 31 and will end June 23, all being open to ties and Exchange Commission as an analyst, with special honors for 40 years of creditable the public at 4 p. m. in the Jefferson having passed a regular civil-service exami- service. In the ceremony, Dr. O. E. Rsed Auditorium. nation to get the job. "In these perilous pointed to the excellent record of Mr. Myers, times, the future of our Government de- with only 5 days sick leave despite his 67 Visit field stations pends on how efficiently it can be operated. years. Assistant Secretary Coke followed Dr. Detailed review inspection field That in turn depends on the work perform- and of Reed, with special praise to the retiree for his by the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, ance of the employees we have. That's why work fine sense of duty. Suitable gifts from fel- and Agricultural Engineering in 17 Western we need to strengthen civil service wherever low employees marked the event. States is being done by Omer J. Kelley, head possible to make it a more effective force for of the Division of Soil Management, Irriga- better management," Mr. Young has statsd. Extension excerpts tion and Dry Land Regions. In the eastern half of the country a similar review is Two new recruits have joined the Exten- Consolidations suspended handled by R. Q. Parks and associates in the sion Service Division of 4-H Clubs and YMW Division of Soil Management for Humid programs. They are Fern Shipley, former Secretary Benson has issued Memorandum Regions. associate supervisor of youth work in Utah, No. 1278, Supplement No. 1, to the effect and C. C. Lang, Ohio State's 4-H club leader. that any work on further consolidation of Government still exhibited county and State offices of the Department Norman Tucker, famous in the Extension This is not something one might connect shall be suspended. Where committments Service for his contacts with State Extension with the revenue officers but a continuous already made are such as to make suspension officers, has begun his 41st year with USDA still developed at the Naval Store Station, difficult, the matter must be brought to with the congratulations of all who have Olustee, ria., by the Bureau of Agricultural the attention profited by his acquaintance. of Assistant Secretary Coke. and Industrial Chemistry. The public saw The reason given for this action is that it demonstrated on January 29. Its ad- sometimes higher rental costs tend to may vantages are lower initial and labor costs Messenger exhibit Increase, rather than decrease, the total and lower costs of operation. Its steam expenses, and that consolidations may inter- During the week of March 16, two messen- consumption is about half that required for fere with efforts to bring about decentrali- gers of the Department placed an exhibit the batch steam process. It is administered zation of functions. entitled "The New Vision" in the welfare USDA by the Southern Regional Research Labora- showcase in the South Building. Earle tory, New Orleans, La. Caldwell, Bureau of Human Nutrition and Four researchers honored Home Economics, and John H. Harris, Office Add new courses of Information, said their exhibit was pri- Four research workers at the Southern The USDA Graduate School has three new marily designed to stimulate the feeling of Regional Research Laboratory have received courses added to its correspondence program. citations for "tailor relaxation. development of made" Nathan I. Brown, Soil Conservation Service, fats for use in the food industry as a coat- teaches soils, and soils management, 15 ing material to seal in flavor and moisture Ircq locust article lessons, 2 credits allowed. Max Kohler, U. S. and keep out molds and bacteria. The Gly- Weather Bureau, teaches a course in hy- cerine Association The April 1953 number of National Geo- Producers awarded cer- drology, 16 lessons, for 2 credits. Eugene graphic Magazine has a story about the tificates and cash prizes for this notable May, cartographic engineer, SCS, teaches work to Reuben O. Feuge, Miss Audrey T. battle against the hordes of desert locusts basic lettering, in 7 lessons for 1 credit. Fees Gros, V. Lovegren, Earl J. Vick- in Iraq. It includes pictures of operations Norman and for the above courses in order are $28.75, nair. Before final recommendations are there with United States technical aid under $33.50, and $14. Correspondence students made, the use of this coating material on point 4, showing Lewis H. Rohrbaugh, direc- making applications for enrollment should foods is being further tested at the Western tor of agriculture under that program, as send checks or money orders payable to the Regional Research Laboratory, Albany, Calif. well as William Mabee, Nevada entomologist. USDA Graduate School. Dr. Rohrbaugh formerly directed the USDA Graduate School. New Plant Industry men

Alfalfa investigations at the Vol. XII, Ellis and wife killed Plant In- 8, 1953, No. 7 dustry Station, Beltsville, Md., are now in USDA is published fortnightly for distribu- Mr. and Mrs. Don Carlos Ellis -.vere killed charge of Dr. O. Graumann, trans- Hugo who tion to employees only, by direction of the in an automobile accident on the Pennsyl- ferred from the post at Lincoln, USDA Nebr. Secretary of Agriculture, and with approval vania turnpike on the afternoon of March 15. He has conducted alfalfa breeding work at of the Director of the Bureau of the Budget Mr. Ellis served USDA in three periods. From the University of Nebraska for 5 years, and (July 1, 1952), as containing administrative 1909-17 he was with Forest Service educa- was secretary of the Oklahoma Crop Im- information required for the proper transac- tional work; from 1917 through 1920 he was provement Association from 1942 to 1944. assistant in charge of motion pictures in Dr. Angus O. Hanson, formerly with State tion of the public business. Retirees who write the editor it, the Division of Publications; and between College, Pa., is the leader of the USDA grass requesting may continue 1944 and 1946, Mr. Ellis was again associated improvement project. He has worked at to get USDA. Please write instead of phon- with films in the Office of Information. At the U. S. Pasture Laboratory at Penn State ing whenever possible; for rush orders call the time of his death he was connected witn College and holds degrees at McGill Uni- Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in versity, the University of British Columbia, USDA, Office of Information, Department of the Defense Department. and Penn State College. Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

IT. 5. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICEl I9SJ SHARE THIS COPY It features figures "AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS" for 1952, with 850 indexed pages of tables that give the answers to millions of practical farm questions, is ready for its 1 usual somewhat limited distribution. All libraries, agricultural colleges and 2 __.» universities, extension personnel, and 3 field and branch offices receive them, but there are never enough printed for 4 FOR APRIL 22, 1953 widespread general circulation. Until 1936 the statistical reviews were part of the annual Yearbook of Agri- culture. Beginning that year, they have and the radio reports supplied by local Cotton classers since been issued as separates. One stations, the farmer can tell approxi- mately feature of this year's publication is that BY VISITING a district what his cotton is worth. The cotton classing corn, classers in the whole series of figures on wheat, office, one gets a better idea of the Department service also the cotton carried class cotton cotton, and such major crops are grading and market news service which on a fee basis for merchants or others back to 1866; and for livestock numbers is authorized under the Smith-Doxey Act. who apply, and for futures the series lists all years since 1867. The This trading operations, besides handling the service is free to members of recog- found free grower classing work. last historical review like this was nized groups of producers who fulfill Cotton it will not classed in the in the 1942 edition, so that certain requirements as to variety and Southeast Area ending be necessary to consult the 1942 June 30, 1952, totaled now who make application in advance of the 1,143,226 bales— issue to get the full record, owing to the producing season. 925,000 under the act. revised series being in the current one. Fees derived from classing for mills, The Birmingham, Ala., cotton classing first seven chapters this year cover merchants, and shippers; from the sale The office is in the Southeastern Area, super- prod- of standards boxes the figures on crops and livestock vised by Harold K. Tinsley, Atlanta, which are the basis Ga. ucts. Chapter 8 deals with foreign trade. for the market grades; and from the sale Arthur E. Jackson, with experience in the resources, income, of loose samples Chapter 9 has farm service at Washington, used by the classers, D. C, and the expenditures. Agricultural conser- which are bagged and baled and sold and field offices of the Cotton at on Branch Dal- vation, forestry, and soil surveys appear bids, all go to the United States Treasury las, Tex., and Columbia, S. is in C, in chapter 10. Chapter 11 is a new as miscellaneous receipts. this last charge there. This office classes On cotton first time in the item, Mr. Jackson chapter carried for the for growers in 28 northern said that last year the Alabama book and relates to farm consumption Birmingham office sold counties, including Madison the 186 bales of 500 — largest family living. Chapter 11 is an pounds each which resulted and cotton producing county in the from the State. assortment of miscellaneous statistics The operations of their offices. Rodney other Alabama cotton classing of- farming. Whitaker of the Cotton says related to farms and fice is located at Branch that Montgomery, with T. Directed and compiled as a Depart- in the 1952 fiscal year all such loose cot- Frank Smith in charge. Five other dis- ton ment publication, the bulletin of statis- trict cotton brought a total of $1,398,559 income classing offices are located in R. K. to the tics is a product of this Committee: the Southeast Area. Government. Smith, chairman, with June E. Panciera, From a regular routine staff of 6 per- Improved, tested standard varieties of Economics; sons, the Birmingham district Bureau Agricultural like Coker 100-W, Delta Pine, office ex- Stoneville, Battles, Farm Credit Admin- pands in the cotton harvest season to as Ralph U. and Empire are largely grown with suc- Mendum, BAE; many as 50 seasonal workers. regular istration; Samuel W. cess in the Birmingham classing area. A Carleton P. Barnes, Agricultural Re- In 1930 the field man works constantly with the Alabama growers started a T. Mace, farmers and county agents. search Administration; Almon campaign to swing away from short- It is hard to get well trained Farmers Home Administration; O. M. staple cotton, with and expert classers, the cooperation of Extension Service (retired); unless some "oldtimers" are available on Johnson, bankers, ginners, and dealers. By use of emergency Walter L. Schreiber, Foreign Agricultural better varieties, Mr. demand—and they are always Jackson said that Creighton N. Guellow and scarce in the "new" Western cotton belt. Service; the average staple length of cotton in Mr. Ronald E. Betts, Production and Market- that 7 Jackson says that a good classer and area has moved up from around /8 his recorder clerk can do between 500 ing Administration. inch to iy32 inch—but without the grad- and 600 bales per day when the rush ing and service work such a measure of Mosquito memo market season is on. actual progress would have been lacking. H. H. Stage, Bureau of Entomology and Cotton community groups were formed Plant Quarantine, Joint author of Agricul- tural Handbook No. 46, "Mosquitoes of the embodying in many cases broad improve- Recreation assembly Northwestern States," says that the bulletin information on the several species ment in facilities and welfare aside from carriers Charles H. Cunningham, coordinator of ac- of mosquitoes frequenting certain kinds of the major crop itself. The present mar- tivities for the USDA Welfare and Recreation water. It shows that any body of water Association, will represent our employees breed mosquitoes and that ket news service to growers in this area, at does not always the convention of the National Industrial the malaria-carrying kind do not breed in with prices quoted and movements re- Recreation Association, Cleveland, Ohio, May filthy water, but rather in clear pond water. 17-20. A scrapbook of numerous USDA rec- species that develops in almost all kinds ported during the active season, origi- One reation activities is being shaped up for an of water west of the Mississippi is the Culex nates in Memphis and Atlanta. From exhibit at the meeting. Miss Monica Crocker, tarsalis, most frequent carrier in the United retired employee in Office of Personnel, is States of sleeping sickness in humans the market news sheets he gets by mail and now employed in Mr. Cunningham's office. the related brain disease of horses and mules. 249546—53 —

ing diet complete in all known nutrients, Badgers Get Bird Unemployed farmers with added B i: , antibiotic, and phenyl- arsonic acid, still lacks an unknown fac- WHEN NOTABLE scientific workers re- THOUSANDS OP farmers are really un- tor supplied by certain animal and fer- sign from the Department to join State employed a large part of the time. The mentation products. or other experiment station research, size of their farms or their relative pro- a chance is afforded to review some of ductivity is so small that they have little the accomplishments in which the per- Power of Appreciation left at the end of a season although they son concerned contributed to the sum SINCERE WORDS of appreciation bind worked hard every day. This sounds total of new knowledge acquired in this people together as no other force. They strange against the fact that during the cooperative State-Federal effort. bring deeper satisfaction than can come last 20 years farm population in the Take a recent case in point, that of from any other source. They have a United States has declined 7 million Dr. H. R. Bird, now with the University power of motivation that enriches life while the total population has increased of Wisconsin College of Agriculture as and impels one to greater service. Such 31 million. professor of poultry husbandry, after words of appreciation were expressed in In discussing the vexing problem of serving more than a decade with the a letter to an agency head by the widow who will remain on the farms of the Bureau of Animal Industry in poultry of an USDA employee recently killed in future to meet the needful one-fourth nutrition. During his term of service an automobile accident. In her letter increase in our food supply by 1975, the with the Department, Dr. Bird and asso- she stated: editorial staff of Successful Farming de- ciates plowed considerable ground vote new I wish to thank you for your very kind a chapter to the disadvantaged rural the following being merely an outline: letter. It has been a great comfort to me families in their fiftieth anniversary to feel the concern that you have shown for They showed that the "unknown fac- book, "New Farm Horizons." To quote the welfare of my son and me. When I tor" of animal protein supplements was learned of my husband's death I felt so alone. briefly : present in the feces of cows and chickens I had been away from my home in Texas almost 20 years. I hardly knew which way Already a Government agency, the Farmers even when absent from the diet—thus to turn. There were so many things that Home Administration is doing excellent work helping those who want to farm pointing to its microbiological synthesis. hit me all at once, and one was the fact that but lack I would have the full responsibility for our the capital to get going. It can also help this They demonstrated that factor was 3-year-old son. Financially this would be those with too small a farm to expand to an in reality a vitamin. They showed that quite a problem. I never thought to look to efficient size. Unfortunately, its total re- your office because he had been with you such sources are too limited to go much further this vitamin was transmitted from dam a short time. I didn't expect anything. I than a good demonstration of the possibili- to offspring to a greater extent than only tell you this so you will perhaps under- ties. The task is a gigantic one. There are at least a million full-time farm any previously studied nutrient; and stand how grateful I am. operators Almost before I felt the need, the assist- with little outside income or employment, that its presence was required for re- ance began. Your letters arrived and the whose annual production in recent years has been under production as well as growth. It was supervisor and others from' your office started $1,500—and they are all able- taking over. They did so many things for me bodied, according to the National Planning demonstrated that the requirement for that were so wonderful and unexpected that Association's agricultural committee. this vitamin was related to dietary pro- I could not begin to tell you. When I think Clear thinkers see the day when the of what I would have had to do without their Farmers Home Administration will function tein level. assistance, I don't see how I could have in helping men on the land—and also in A short term chick assay for this vita- managed. Perhaps some of their assistance helping them to get away from it, when nec- never essary. For those who are convinced they min was devised. After crystalline vita- was routine, but it certainly was done in that manner. I have never seen an organ- can do better in some other occupation, the min Bi; became available, they demon- ization from the top all the way through with agency will be able to help. Help will con- sist of vocational guidance and tests of fitness strated that it was the unknown factor such a heart. I have been told that the claims that have been submitted for me and plus some training for the new work. Labor required for growth and hatchability. my son are now before the Federal Employees is likely to be scarce and somewhat poorly Later they made the first study of the Compensation Board. I want you and every- distributed for some time to come. one concerned to know how deeply I appre- growth-promoting effects of the phenyl- In closing their treatise on this subject, ciate what has been done in my behalf. arsonic acids. In practical terms, they the editors state that hard work has not The Department is deeply grateful for showed the importance of vitamin Bu been banished from farming, but that words of appreciation such as these. in diets containing soybean meal and hard work without skill and capital has They will further motivate supervisors cottonseed meal as major sources of pro- become fruitless in agriculture. and employees to greater service, espe- tein, and established the relative im- cially when understanding, counsel and portance of B12 and amino acid supple- Aerial water delivery assistance are so sorely needed. ments in such diets. Equipment engineers of the Forest Service have been concerned in recent months with They developed new information on further studies looking to the development Training phone engineers the poisonous nature of the gossypol of of better methods of water delivery by air Rural Electrification Administration has a to outlying stations and for fire suppression. cottonseed meal for chicks. They telephone engineer training program. It is Water delivery by fixed-wing planes and showed that the growth stimulating ef- for groups of recent college graduates in helicopters is a complicated problem, not electrical engineering. The primary idea is fect of antibiotics persists to maturity, easily understood without much thought, to develop the ability of new graduates to observation, experiment, and analysis. A even with a nutritionally complete diet. work in this field with a maximum of effi- desire to limit and standardize the equip- They found that antibiotics do not ciency at the earliest possible time. The ment in such important safety efforts is a course lasts 6 months with lectures, class- primary consideration of the field crews. affect the reproduction of chickens fed room work, and field trips. a complete diet, but did improve hatch- Blackfly battle Heavy blood donors The objective of the Department's crusade ability if the diet lacks vitamin Bu . Congratulations by Secretary Benson went against the citrus blackfly is to keep it out They first demonstrated the importance to Leonard Garraway, Dairy Branch of the of this country, and, if that fails, to wipe of environment in determining the effect Production and Marketing Administration, it out here. One way is through parasitic and E. E. Brown of the PMA Grain Branch enemies. The Bureau of Entomology and of removal of antibiotics from chick for heavy donations of blood to the Red Plant Quarantine has brought in some useful diets, thus providing evidence on the Cross blood bank. Mr. Garraway has aver- parasites of the blackfly from Asia. In co- total operation with mode of action of dietary antibiotics. aged 5 pints a year since 1943, or a of the Mexican Blackfly Comite 42 pints in all. Mr. Brown gave 42 y2 pints in Nacional, these parasites are colonized and It was demonstrated that a chick grow- all since 1942. distributed in the infested area there.

USDA: April 22, 1953 —

Driving dangers Said on the side EXPRESSING INTEREST in articles in WISEACRES from the statehouse used Vermont checks accidents USDA relating to reducing the dangers to come to meetings in our old valley The Vermont Farm Safety Council reports of motor traffic in the Department, O. G. and tell the district school board that 153 accidents on farms there in a 20-month period ending last December 31. Of these, Babcock, retired former employee of the all us pupils were robbed of big advan- 38 proved fatal. In order of hazards causing Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quar- tages by having only 7 months of the accidents were the tractor, falls, other antine, speaks his mind from his home school, instead of 8 or 9 months as in farm machinery, and the herd sire. County agents keep a clipping service for the Coun- in Sonora, Calif. If given by experienced town. (It was a long time, though, be- cil that aids in listing these farm injuries. and sympathetic supervisors, the cor- fore they lengthened the term.) Some The head of the Council is Thomas S. Blow. Vermont's PMA administrative officer at rective critics claimed that we shouldn't be ex- measures which have been sug- Burlington. They seek a full-time safety gested heretofore are approved by him pected to work long hours out in the specialist, Mr. Blow reports, who would work out of the Vermont Agricultural Extension driver testing and training, preventive fields when we ought to be kept in school Service. maintenance, inspection and accident studying hard so we could bust down investigation. the barriers against youngsters like us Ward's new work who were ignorant and countrified. I But Mr. Babcock adds some ideas Ray Ward, formerly with the USDA Office guess they thought we were disgusted of Budget and Finance, is the staff director gleaned from his own long experience for the Inter-Governmental Relations Sub- with outdoor chores and wanted to be driving Government autos: committee of the House Committee on Gov- cooped up in spring just to get out of ernment Operations. His field of work will My experience has often been that orders farm work and study about more impor- be to promote efficiency and economy in were given me to reach a certain distant Government affairs, and his duties involve destination by a certain time, without fail, tant things than plowing and seeding and all Federal departments except the Defense and_ to _si£g back on arrival. Such orders weed-killing. Yet the truth is we were Department. are ridiculous and encourage and almost anything but that. The signs of spring force employees to ignore speed in living up Noone to Film Council to them. If an accident happens I would and the smell of the earth waking up Thomas Noone has resigned from the USDA certainly hold the party in charge responsi- everywhere, the bird calls, and the fresh ble. I consider the employee responsible, Motion Pictures Service to join the Film but he should receive authority to drive air and green pastures, were what we Council of America at Evanston, 111. Mr. carefully and safely regardless of other thought about and enjoyed most on our Noone came to the Department's Radio Serv- orders. Even if it is possible to reach a point ices in April 1948. A native of Kansas, he way to and fro attending district school. within 2 days, it is much safer and cheaper has worked for the National Broadcasting to the Government to reach that place in a Maybe we were too small and under- Co., and Station KFI in Los Angeles, Calif. fraction over 2 days—besides unknown fac- sized in our minds to realize that book tors may develop en route. Lap full of laws learning should always be kept in first class was so valuable. But we some- Cars USDA administers many Federal laws. running condition. I have seen this rule times wondered why the teacher and The Production and Marketing Administra- disregarded many times by Department em- the school board didn't give us lessons tion is responsible for handling cases under ployees in charge. Where employees are the following: Packers and Stockyards Act, cars pool rides about the growing things of nature that obliged to use their own and Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act, is danger also. If the to save expense, there farmers live with, and how their beauty United States Cotton Futures Act, Produce laboratory is out of town and no means of and charm doesn't really interfere Agency Act, Standards Container Acts, United is provided, the employee must use with travel States Warehouse Act, Federal Seed Act, car. Take this case in point: his own making use of them in a beneficial and Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenti- Employee drives to work. He makes a A practical way. (Since then the country cide Act, United States Grain Standards Act. drive into the country with a Gov- second United States Cotton Standards Act, Naval car on official business. His work school subjects take in many of the ernment Stores Act, Tobacco Inspection Act, and the to or beyond the time to return, carries him things we wanted then, but never got.) Export Apple and Pear Act. or he needs just a little more time to finish managed to live the job—to avoid making another trip out We through the last A murder story there the next day. On his return he thinks week of the 7 months somehow, and of three or more persons who are to ride soon after April fool's day we shut the One of the USDA bureaus has sent out to into town with him. But A is late and speeds its field offices a reminder on the provisions school door and kicked up his car in time to pick up these people up our heels like of the law concerning assaults upon, or kill- hour. at the laboratory on the agreed I have colts and tackled the jobs that the folks ing of, officers and employees while engaged taken these same chances myself and it is in the performance of their duties. Forcible back home had saved up for us. I guess dangerous. The question is how to correct assault of such a Federal official on duty calls this condition without conflict with other some of us were pretty tuckered out and for a $5,000 fine or imprisonment for not rules and regulations. ready enough to go back to see the school more than 3 years, or both. If anyone as- saults such an officer with a deadly weapon What do the drivers of the Depart- ma'am in the fall—but what we learned the fine is advanced to $10,000 and the term ment's 20,000 and more automobiles and on the farm in vacation we always re- in prison up to ten years. Whoever kills an employee doing official Department duties the membered; trucks have to similarly contribute to but we never missed what will be tried for murder under the United present safety campaign? they claimed we might have found out States Criminal Code. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice, will in a longer term at the district school. conduct all investigations of assaults upon, or killing of officers and employees, upon re- Miss Arras to Mexico Gilbert retires ceipt of such alleged violations from the Ray Gilbert retired from the Motion Pic- local official in charge of the given work, or Miss Lucille Arras has left USDA's Foreign tures Services on March 31. He had been the Washington headquarters of the Agricultural Service to become administra- from with the Office of Information's film studios agency concerned. tive assistant to Dr. Ross E. Moore, director for 32 years, doing technical animation and of point IV work in Mexico. She was with sound editing. Raised in Washington, D. C, OFAR from 1944 to February 1953. Raisin Pie for Employees Mr. Gilbert belonged for 3 years to the United States Army Engineer Band of 62 In anticipation of PMA's special Plentiful Census questions pieces. He played the flute and piccolo in Foods Program which will feature raisins A trial run of questionairres for the 1955 that organization during World War I. May 10-16, the Agriculture employees' cafe- farm census has been contemplated. Sample Washington staged a promotional Periodical show terias in sheets of questions covering the farm and campaign on raisin pie and boosted sales data have been circulated to get opin- During the month of May some 50 period- home from the usual 50 pies to 80 on March 11, and ions and suggestions. The Bureau of Agri- icals published as employee house organs to 103 when repeated on March 18 on the cultural Economics works closely with the of numerous Federal departments and agen- — latter day topping the usual favorites, lemon Bureau of the Census in arranging details in cies will be displayed in the exhibit hall of advance of each agricultural enumeration. the Federal Security Agency building here. meringue, and apple.

3 USDA: April 22, 1953 Officers of WRA Top dressing corn Just an idea The new president of the USDA Welfare Using strawy manure or plain straw as a and Recreation Association is Don DeVol, top dressing for corn when put on at plant- cross the ramp that con- Fiscal Branch, Production and Marketing THOSE WHO ing time or right afterward, according to Administration. Paul Johnson, PMA, and nects the two agricultural buildings on experiments by H. L. Borst, USDA research and Perry Colman, are vice presidents'. State Experi- PMA. the eastern end are reminded of the agronomist at Wooster, Ohio, Lewis Reid, Farmers Home Administration, ment Station, holds water and soil better is treasurer, while Zelma J. Hicks, Office of early era of "find-how" and "tell-how" than after plowing under the manure. But Information, is secretary. The association by the oil portrait of Dr. Seaman A. too much cultivation retards the effect of was organized in 1943. these mulches. See release No. 698, obtain- Knapp on the corridor wall. Perhaps able from the editor of USDA. New OPEDA executives some day we shall start a portrait hall The delegates to the Council of the Organi- of fame for other subsequent leaders of Video methods Professional of the zation of Employees De- agricultural extension and information. The third in a series of television reports partment of Agriculture elected officers of No better place than alongside the Knapp issued by the Department to record progress the association recently. The executive made in television research is being dis- portrait committee consists of the following: C. O. could be found to display pic- tributed. "Progress Methods" deals with Henderson, Personnel, president; E. L. Le- torial reminders of those men and women practical television program planning and Clerg, ARA, vice president; Thelma A. Dreis, production to fit the needs of land grant secretary-treasurer; and Verna C. who have since upheld the idea that BHNHE, colleges, field agencies of USDA and others. Mohagen, L. K. Wright, BEPQ; W. M. SCS; Dr. Knapp envisioned. The work is done with funds under the Trelogan. Scott, BAIC; Harry C. ARA; B. A. Research and Marketing Act. Write Radio Porter. BEPQ: Charles Mattison, FS; B. Ralph Along the other, or western, arch and Television Service if you need a copy. Stauber, BAE; and L. T. Mahurin, OPEDA causeway between these buildings where executive officer. Two-thirds of the 2,500 the portrait of Secretary Wilson hangs, Hoppers, bugs, and crickets active paid-up members are in the field in- install offices. Qualifications for membership would be an equally good place to A forecast has been issued of some of grade 5 and above clude all personnel GS a similar gallery of the portraits of emi- trouble spots likely to develop this season and grade 4 employees who are employed in when the grasshoppers, Mormon crirkets.^and nent research scientists in crops, soils, scientific or subprofessional duties. It is chinch bugs start work in earnest. Ask not a long-hair high-brow selective unit. and animal husbandry whose outstand- USDA editor for No. 638. ing work in State-Federal service helped Hybrid corn in India make possible the "find-how" that pre- New resistant oat Some United States corn hybrids out- yielded all local varieties in 1952 at each of cedes and vitalizes the "tell-how." Clintafe oat variety is known to be highly resistant to Race 45 of crown rust disease. 14 locations in India, says the Foreign Agri- There is often grave danger of over- cultural Service. A few stand out promi- It is a product of the plant breeders in Iowa 1 1 1 leader, nently. Dixie 22 was in the top five at 11 doing just instance, program, Experiment Station and USDA. It is a cross between Clinton places, Texas 26 at 9 locations, Dixie 33 at 7 or 1 achievement. America seldom de- and Santa Fe, an Argentina points, Dixie 11 at 6 places, and U. S. 523 variety. The new variety has only average pends upon single individuals alone to hybrid at 4 test spots. yield qualities, however, but its value against carry the spark of newer agricultural destructive Race 45 makes it important tem- porarily. Notes on this oat are obtainable Weed research evolution knowledge. Credit for this belongs to from USDA editor, asking for No. 666. In the 1953 winter issue of Public Adminis- a multitude, even reaching down into tration Review appears an article on the communities and townships. Informa- Long-time look ahead evolution of a research program on weed con- re- trol. The authors are Roy L. Lovvorn, Divi- tion studies show that the word of a A report on the long-time objectives for sion of Weed Investigations, and Marguerite spected neighbor who has been converted a strong State-Federal agricultural research Gilstrap. information specialist, Bureau of program are embodied in a special circular to some new and practical method in Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural entitled, "Agricultural Research, a Key to Engineering. farming often has more weight and mo- Strengthening the American Way of Life." The report was tivation behind it than almost any other made by the Agricultural Albuquerque USDA club Research Policy Committee to the Secretary "tell-how" medium. of Agriculture. Copies may be obtained Dr. Lake S. Gill of the Bureau of Plant leader- from the ARA Administrator's office. Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineer- But to perpetuate the national ing, is the new president of the USDA Club ship of this kind remains as a true in- of Albuquerque, N. Mex. Clare Svendby, Soil Management talent centive to those who are rising to fresh Conservation Service, is vice president, and The Executive Development Programs secretary. Blood Hazel Hill of PISAE is A responsibilities. We have a chance to Staff of the United States Civil Service Com- bank supervised by the club is a new project accomplish this by utilizing the vacant mission has a new circular series telling how undertaken. Federal agencies develop management talent. and unused space in the "bridges." Dr. The first report gives the training done by EPQ'ers Club Knapp and Tama Jim both look rather various USDA agencies to develop talent for management and supervision. As of recent date, the EPQ'ers club in the "The USDA lonesome. is recognized leader among Federal agencies Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quaran- a the development of strong career service tine boasted almost 200 members out of a in a ideal among its employees," the introduction possible 233. At the annual election the states. USDA office has no copies. officers named were: Ralph W. Sherman, Readers' Reminders president; George E. Hanna, vice president; Mrs. Mary Louise Reiff, secretary; Mrs. Beef is back Johanna C. Flaim, treasurer. Consumers have been enjoying beef steaks APRIL 22, 1953, Vol. XII, No. 8 Higher wages might help and roasts lately to a greater extent. With USDA is published fortnightly for distribu- cattle numbers high and beef plentiful, USDA Severe handicaps to the greater use of tex- has issued a 4-page fact sheet called "Facts tion to employees only, by direction of the tiles in 15 Western European countries lie About Beef." Ask Office of Information for Secretary of Agriculture, and with approval in high costs of milling and processing plus your copy. of the Director of the Bureau of the Budget average paid to workers extremely low wages (July 1, 1952), as containing administrative in general, according to a statement by John NFLA report information required for the proper transac- Whittaker, one of our foreign agricultural A 35-page annual report of the financial tion of the public business. Retirees who representatives working with the Office of condition, operating results, and workload write the editor requesting it, may continue Foreign Agricultural Relations. Wages paid and cost data for the 1,180 national farm loan to get USDA. Please write instead of phon- in many of these countries equal about one associations has been printed by the Farm ing whenever possible; for rush orders call dollar per day in U. S. money. This seems to Credit Administration. Comparative figures Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of mean that a lift in mass buying power would for 1951 and 1952 fiscal years are included. Information, Department of be a good way to improve economic condi- Ask FCA's Information and Extension Divi- USDA, Office of C. tions there, it was indicated. sion for your copy. Agriculture, Washington 25, D.

U. s. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1953 —

farm demonstration work. This fits in SHARE THIS COPY to the 50th anniversary program of the founding of agricultural demonstration work in 1903, with cotton as the chief if** Q crop. Other invited speakers are Sena- tor Aiken and Congressman Hope,

i - chairmen of the Agriculture Committees of the Senate and House, respectively. a — Included in the work performed on 3 - the displays in the patio are employees

4 - of the Office of Information Exhibits FOR MAY 6, 1953 Service, the Bureau of Agricultural yMwMwwwwMwwyw»^^^*w^^^wi<^^»wyywyws«WMM>yw^wwwy»wwwwww^ Economics, Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial into the communities—some of them Chemistry, Agricultural Extension Serv- Whence farm incomes? live on farms but do not operate them for ice, the Cotton Branch and the Mar- profit. Improved roads and crowded THE IMPORTANCE of nonfarm sources keting Facilities and Research Branch, living conditions in cities have led many of earnings to families who live on farms Production and Marketing Administra- city families to move onto farms in the has been pointed out in a recent report tion, Farm Credit Administration, Bu- rural areas surrounding the urban by Virginia Britton of the Family Eco- reau of Human Nutrition and Home centers where they work. nomics Division of BHNHE. In fact, ac- Economics, Bureau of Entomology and Such changes have advanced to the cording to a special tabulation of Census Plant Quarantine, and Foreign Agricul- point that over a third of the families data, a sixth of the families living on tural Service. living on farms in April 1951 received farms in April 1951 had received no cash L. I. Jones, Ext., is chairman of the more cash earnings from nonfarm earnings whatsoever from farming in exhibit's executive committee, with sources than from farming in 1950; 1950—received no farm wages and made these members: Dr. J. W. Wright and three-fifths received the major part of no sales of farm products. More than W. J. Martin, Cotton Branch, PMA; their cash earnings from farming ; and a a quarter of the families had cash earn- Alice Linn, Ext.; Robert E. Stevenson, few had no earnings. ings from both farm and nonfarm ARA-AIC; Frank Teuton, ARA-AIC; Knowing that families live on farms sources. A few families had no cash H. T. Baldwin, Inf.; J. N. Saunders, Ext.; tells something about them, but knowing earnings. Slightly less than half had with Claude Curlin, National Cotton their sources of earnings adds decidedly cash earnings from farm sources only, Council. to an understanding of how they live. including farm operation and farm The exhibit aims to portray to the Sources of income may affect not only wages or salary. public and Government employees the the total level of earnings, but the regu- Only a third of all families living on story of cotton production, processing, larity and predictability of family in- farms in April 1951 were what we once and marketing, and its importance in the come, and whether family interests are thought to be typical farm families—the lives of 13,000,000 people—6 million per- likely to lie with the land or the town. families of farm-operators with no ad- sons living on cotton farms and about 7 The emergence of an "American stand- ditional source of earnings during the to 8 million others who get their chief ard of living," common to farm and non- previous year. These farm-operator income from cotton milling and mer- farm families, has been noted. Income families with no additional earnings who chandising. gains of farm families are one reason. lived on farms made up only 5 percent Employees of USDA engage in many More services available to rural people of all families in the United States. An ways in servicing the entire cotton in- electricity, schools, and community or- additional 1 percent of the Nation's list of fields include ganizations are another. third in- dustry. The wide families were farm-operator families — A fluence on farm family living patterns research, production, insect and disease with no additional earnings in 1950 who is the extent to which farm families now control, education, processing, distribu- lived in cities, towns, or villages in April depend on nonfarm sources of income. tion and marketing. This patio exhibit 1951. Some of these were nonresident expresses this union of private industry operators; some were resident operators with State and Federal government in- of farms within urban areas; and some Cotton's realm on view stitutions for the welfare of the Nation probably lived in rural areas and oper- as a whole. ated farms there in 1950, then moved to FEATURE EXHIBITS are placed in the nonfarm areas. patio of the Administration Building There has been an increase in recent during National Cotton Week May Il- — Butter donations years in the proportion of workers living ls, with numerous Department workers To reduce the inventory of creamery butter on farms who are employed primarily and the National Cotton Council co- acquired under the current USDA price-sup- additional 50 million in nonagricultural industries. With operating. A huge cotton boll sur- port program, an pounds are being donated to charitable in- the growth of factories in rural areas mounts the central fountain overlooking stitutions and nonprofit school lunch pro- and increased opportunities for employ- the varied displays. grams, besides the 24 million pounds previ- these channels. Section 32 ment, ously diverted to many farm-operators have become Secretary Benson is scheduled to open funds are being used to handle the deal. part-time nonfarm wage workers. Their National Cotton Week by an address in PMA commodity offices wives and other family members also the patio in the forenoon of May 11. He The San Francisco and the New York City have found employment in the factories. will also accept a silver trophy on behalf PMA commodity offices have been abolished. Their territory and responsibility have been Furthermore, the growth of factories in of the Department from the family of reassigned to the Portland (Oreg.), and Chi- rural areas has brought new families Dr. Seaman A. Knapp, the father of cago PMA commodity offices, respectively. 251067°—53 : — —;

says Dr. Steiner, fighting them calls for Credit for producing Insects was given Nematology-new field careful study and still more new con- in the exhibit catalog to the U. S. De- cepts. He concluded his talk to the partment of Agriculture as publisher; THOUGH LACKING the power and phytopathologists by giving his concept Alfred Stefferud, editor; Frank H. Morti- space appeal and visibility of some of the place of the nematodes in the soil- mer, head of the Division of Typography sciences, such as present-day astronomy plant complex: Soil-borne plant diseases and Design of the Government Printing and physics, for example, plant nema- are, in many instances, of complex char- Office, designer; Muriel Chamberlain, of tology, the science of a mere thread, you acter, and often nematodes are present, the Government Printing Office, who might say, is at a stage of development acting as initiators, cooperators, syner- made the drawings; and Arthur Cush- that may well be described as lively. gists .and aggravators, or otherwise. man, Bureau of Entomology and Plant One of the indications of its liveliness They cannot be considered alone. Quarantine, who made most of the water is that nematologists are continually colors for the illustrations of insects. backing off to take a fresh view of what they are doing. Latest example of this Yearbook honored is a talk by Dr. G. Steiner, head of the Unique short course Division of Nematology at the De- ONE OP the highest honors in the pub- TWENTY-THREE home economists, partment's Plant Industry Station lishing world was accorded Insects, the representing 14 Latin American coun- "Changes in Basic Concepts in Plant 1952 Yearbook of Agriculture, on April 7 tries, arrived in the United States in Nematology"—delivered before the Po- when it was chosen as one of the Fifty January to learn how the Federal Ex- tomac Division, American Phytopatho- Books of the Year by the American In- tension Service and Land-Grant Col- logical Society. stitute of Graphic Arts. leges develop homemaking programs for The changes Steiner mentioned as Announcement of the selection was rural people. The women came from being adopted or needed in his field of made at the Institute's annual dinner at Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa research include, among others, the the Columbia University Club in New Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, following York. Alfred Stefferud, Yearbook editor, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, A better description of species (many represented the Department of Agricul- Uruguay, and Venezuela. different ones have been listed as the same.) ture at the function. To the 300 pub- Specification of what conditions and ways After a 4 weeks short course in home of attack determine whether or not a nema- lishers, editors, artists, typographers, economics extension work at Texas A&M tode is a plant parasite (formerly it could and writers present, Stefferud was intro- not be called a parasite if it were not found College, the visitors went to Oklahoma duced as the editor of "one of the most actually In some part of a plant). Now it A&M for 6 weeks more study. is known that nematodes are well fitted for unusual books in the whole exhibit an entoparasitic life, particularly on under- Next stop was Washington, D. C, particularly notable because it is practi- ground parts, but also above ground, par- where the women spent a couple of weeks ticularly in tufts, buds, and in sheaths of cally the only Government-produced getting acquainted with the Department leaves. Today parasitism of plants by nema- book ever to be selected" and as the edi- todes embraces endo- and ecto-parasitism of Agriculture and other Government tor in the same year of another Depart- and includes planositism, a zoological term departments and from Washington they for vagrance In parasites—applied to those ment-sponsored volume, The Wonderful ecto-parasites that feed on the outside of went to New York to visit the United World of Books. roots and migrate from root to root—here Nations and other places of interest. today and gone perhaps an inch or two In the competition, the thirty-first tomorrow or next day. Early in May they left for Puerto Rico, — conducted by the American Institute of Change from regarding a particular in- for further study of extension work, in festation of nematodes as of a single sort or Graphic Arts, 169 publishers from coast a country where problems are similar to species to a readiness to recognize actual to coast submitted 670 examples of their prevalence of multiple infections and mixed those in their own countries. In Puerto best work. The three-man jury made populations. This condition of mixed attack Rico, as in Texas and Oklahoma, the is now thought to be very common in cases their selections on the basis of design of nematode infestation. But, says Dr. Latin American women spent some time (the visual appearance of all parts of Steiner, it is not necessarily the most numer- visiting farm families and working with ous one that does the most damage. book as an integrated pattern) the demonstration agents and 4-H Recognition that the nematodes fre- home typography (legibility quently associated with dead plant material and harmony) Club leaders. are not necessarily non-pathogenic, but may editorial content in so far as the design This short course is one of many be crop antagonistic and many of them are convey the spirit of the carriers and distributors of bacteria and and typography similar courses, conducted by the Foreign fungus spores. book and the intent of the author; and Agricultural Service, for visitors from Conclusion that plant nematodes are manufacture (quality of composition, all parts of the world who come to the spread mainly with their host plants—but many of them are also spread with infested materials, printing, etc.). United States to study such subjects as soil as well as in any kind of plant and agronomy, poultry and livestock hus- packing material that has been in contact In its report the jury noted that: youth with the soil. The nematologists report that "Careful execution is the follow-through bandry, extension work, rural cysts of nematodes such as the sugar-beet programs, and methods of getting nematode, the golden nematode of potato, which starts with design, requires the agricultural information to rural people. the pea cyst nematode and the oat cyst backing of the publisher, needs time for nematode, are actually being brought into this country on many kinds of carriers. thought at all stages, demands intelli- Examples of such carriers are lily-of-the- gent and persistent supervision; and Green and luxuriant valley pips, soil around any plant from an infested region (as on imported tulip bulbs, from compositors, plate makers, printers Grassland farming received a boost by the on shamrock, heather, and so on), such used and binders it asks their best. If all this seeding or reseeding of 6,925,686 acres of things as bags, packing material, sticks, pasture and rangeland under the 1951 Agri- especially hollow bamboo stakes, and various is carried forward with imagination, cultural Conservation Program. This grass- other conveyances of small quantities of soil. knowledge, skill and devotion, you have land Improvement and conservation practice was carried out on 490,493 farms and ranches. The plant nematodes are generally out a book that gives joy to the juror's heart Prom the beginning of ACP in 1936 through of sight and their obvious effects are so and may proudly take its place as one 1951 a total of 58,856,504 acres of pasture " and range have been seeded or reseeded often only a lack of size or thrift that, of 'The Fifty.' under this program.

USDA: May 6, 1953 Better Information Said on the side Ready to retire? A grant of nearly $344,000 from the Kellogg Foundation of Battle Creek, Mich., will help OUR GENERATION who began life's RETIREMENT is one of the most highly to finance a research project designed to find better ways of carrying information on agri- valley wise prized compensations of Federal service. cycle in our old were both cultural and home economics to rural people. and foolish, backward and progressive, Yet most of us do little to prepare for it. The program, officially known as "A National Project in Agricultural Communications," generous and selfish, stubborn and com- We are like the people in industry who was originally fostered by the American As- Dr. pliant. We let too many weeds grow have come under the observation of sociation of Agricultural College Editors. financial support from the land- tall and too much soil go sour, yet we R. B. Robson, Medical Director of Gen- Additional grant colleges and universities and from eral Motors in Windsor, Canada, over fought betimes for good roads and better other sources is expected to bring the budget schools, and wider opportunity for farm many years. In the National Safety for this 5-year project to over $600,000. At the end of this period, it is hoped that the held fast to the ancient News for November 1952 he has sum- youth. We project will be self-supporting. Michigan traditions of our community and revered marized the suggestions that his years State College has been chosen as the home the project. The project is under the and respected our elders, while at the of observation have led him to make in site for direction of a 10-man board of control, of for retirement." same time we abandoned many fetishes a story "Conditioning which Francis C. Byrnes, agricultural editor a is chairman. and foibles and outworn beliefs and gave When Dr. Robson first met with at Ohio State University, discuss preparation for them decent burial in the boneyard of group of men to Greeley Goes to Alaska said, "Give byegones. Sometimes we were strong retirement most of the men Arthur W. Greeley, the son of William B. and unyielding when we should have us plenty of pension and we'll take care Greeley, chief of the Forest Service from 1920 to 1928, has been appointed regional of ourselves." However, it was soon evi- been ready to compromise ; and again we forester for Alaska, to succeed B. Frank were provincial and held aloof when we dent to the group that those who were Heintzleman who recently became governor of the territory. needed wider horizons and wholesome happiest were those who had prepared grouped fraternity. Our generation is now for retirement. The doctor Corn pest campaign four almost ready to relinquish the reins we preparation for retirement under J. S. Ingram recipient in 1952 of a Superior Service Award for his research on sugar-cane learned to handle in horse-drawn days heads: (1) good health; (2) something insects, is now in charge of a newly re- and pass leadership to vibrant young- to do; (3) some place to live; (4) some- organized and coordinated Federal program problems the sters of the motor and atomic age. Our one who cares. In the article he dis- of research on corn-insect by Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quaran- cusses them in that order. generation looks for no laurels to be tine. Federal research, which until recently hung on memorial tablets in memory of My observations as a general prac- was largely concentrated on ways to control the European Corn borer and the corn ear- our contributions to the welfare of our titioner, my experience as an industrial worm, will now give emphasis to control of medical director and as the leader in em- old valley—and perhaps a few places all major corn pests, including the South- beyond. What good we may have done ployee group meetings, and my experi- western corn borer, soil insects of corn and less well-known but important enemies ences over a great many years in dealing other is so much watered down by the failures of the crop. Stations for studying these in- and the indifference and lost opportunity with people, have brought me to the firm sects will be located in at least 7 different States. This research will be dovetailed with we have been guilty of that such tributes conclusion that the happiness of an older efforts of States and other agencies to avoid are unlooked for and unsought. We population depends not so much upon duplication of effort and to cover existing have just been fumbling humans, eager economic security and the aid of pater- problems more thoroughly. nalistic agencies, as upon individual from the lost time of our youth to be of Sweet pickle spoilage preparation for old age. some consequence to those relying on us, Exact proportions of sugar and vinegar but seldom feeling that our lives and This monthly publication of the Na- that need to be added during the manufac- ture of sweet cucumber pickles so they will deeds were indispensable. When we tional Safety Council can be obtained in keep safely, have been developed by the most libraries, including that of the De- failed and blundered we were sorry and Food Fermentation Laboratory of the Bureau partment. In thirty minutes any reader of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry. disturbed; and when we had a moment Carolina Experiment Station can have the benefit of the ideas of a With the North of small triumph the inward glow re- cooperating, this new chart formula will be man who has observed people before and of practical value to pickle manufacturers mained for many years to give us faith after retirement for many years. Look who hitherto lacked exact procedures to re- that we who lived awhile in our old place the trial or error method. for additional literature on retirement valley had seen the light of hope and in the USDA Library. The "style manual" reason and tried to pass it on. Finally, Just because nothing was said about where we are humble and proud at once, if you copies might be secured, the recent article Brief appearing in USDA relative to the new re- know what we mean; and wait our turn and choice vised edition of the "Style Manual" caused to make a gracious and dignified bow needless correspondence—for which we are Bar imports of dried milk sorry. Get your copies of the Government from the sorrows and successes that "Style Manual" through your own agency An embargo on imports of dried whole rural life administrative offices or else send required make a highly seasoned dish milk, dried buttermilk, dried and cream was sums to the Superintendent of Documents, in valley. recently announced by the Department. our old The Government Printing Office, Washington 25, action was taken because the Commodity D. C. The paper-bound editions cost $1.00 Credit Corporation is acquiring large stocks and the cloth-bound ones sell for $2.25 each. o" butter, cheddar cheese, and nonfat dry Mrs. Mclntyre passes solids away milk under the price support program Section 22 preferred for milk and butterf at, and imports of these On April 20, Mrs. Alvina K. Mclntyre, wife commodities would result in a need for in- President Eisenhower has started an in- of the editor of VSDA, passed away at a creased purchases by CCC. vestigation to study agricultural imports and hospital in Alexandria, Va. She had been Import em- bargoes now exist on the following com- for placing those ill for several weeks. Mrs. Mclntyre was recommend action now modities: nonfat dry milk solids, butter, born in Madison, Wis., September 6, 1890. embargoed under Section 104 of the Defense high-fat malted milk compounds, flaxseed, Surviving are two daughters—Mrs. Margaret Production Act (which expires June 30) un- linseed oil, peanuts, peanut oil, and rice. Sakrison of Middleton, Wis., and Mrs. Wil- der ban through Section 22 of the Agricul- Import quotas have been placed on cheddar liam Schilling—and four grandchildren. Mr. for doing cheese, Edam and Gouda cheese, Italian cow's tural Adjustment Act. Reasons and Mrs. Mclntyre had lived in Alexandria, milk cheese, blue mold cheese, and varieties this and brief lists of products covered under Va., since March 1945. of cheese processed from cheddar and blue Section 104 are found in No. 834, obtainable mold. from the editor of USDA.

USDA: May 6, 1953 Television report completed Grain sanitation agreement The final section of a report on USDA's Last month the USDA and the Federal Readers' Reminders Television Research Project carried out under Security Agency perfected and signed an Protecting woolens the Research and Marketing Act agreement between them relating to practi- Title n of "Clothes Moths and Carpet Beetle—How to been completed. This third section of cal cooperation in promoting greater sanita- has Combat Them," is a new USDA publication former tion in the warehousing, transportation, and the report by Maynard Speece, USDA which describes the methods and materials Television Supervisor, Alice P. Skelsey, Tele- milling of food grains. Briefly, it provides now available to the housewife for use in her Specialist, Kenneth that the research educational vision Information and and efforts of perpetual battle against the wool-eating Assistant Director of Information will continue on a wider front, while M. Gapen, USDA larvae of these two pests. Among materials deals with program methods for television. certain modifications are made in the Food discussed is the new EQ-53, developed by are available from Television Service, and Drug Administration's regulations that Copies USDA scientists for mothproofing washable Information. actions Office of determine whether court may be woolens by simply adding small quantities taken against certain consignments of in- Teuton grows camellias to the wash water. EQ-53 is coming on the fested storage wheat. In return for an agree- markets this spring under various trade Credit Corporation Frank Teuton, information chief for ment by the Commodity names. Ask for Home and Garden Bulletin its grain BAIC, recently gave members of the USDA to inspect, divert, and fumigate No. 24 from Inquiries and Distribution Serv- coming under the defined Food and Garden Club some good pointers on camellia Drug ice, Office of Information. culture. For some years he has been grow- rules, the Food and Drug Administration ing this beautiful Southern flower at his will not take legal action against wheat Certified seed list home about ten miles south of Washington, clearly identified as the property of CCC. J. M. Saunders, extension agronomist, Fed- D. C. His experience is proof positive that eral Extension Service, has finished the an- many varieties of camellias will flourish in Expansion of irrigation nual report on seed certified by State certify- this area if given proper care. High farm prices and demand for agri- ing agencies. True identification of varieties cultural products between 1940-1950 have plus other quality considerations govern Too many potatoes resulted in the greatest expansion in irriga- State seed certification, with tags sealed to Secretary Benson has cautioned potato tion acreage in the Nation's history, accord- the containers. Copies are available for those growers to look again at their intentions to ing to Elco Greenshields writing in the most directly interested. plant potatoes this spring. The outlook for "Agricultural Situation" for April, 1953. Foreign trade statement plans During this period 8 million acres were added potatoes this year, based on March 1 What Secretary Benson told the Senate for an increase of to the irrigated land area in 17 Western reported by growers, is Committee on Agriculture and Forestry in acres over 1952. At average yields, this States. The 1950 Census of Agriculture re- 92,000 its recent hearings on improved foreign trade acreage would produce 25 to 30 million corded a total of 25,787,000 irrigated acres relations is embodied in a special statement is needed to meet all fore- on 305,061 farms in all States. bushels more than with statistical supplement. Promotion of seeable requirements. "Production so much sound foreign trade Is a leading objective of result in lower Bad "bee-having" strains in excess of needs is bound to the present administration. The statement farm returns," the Secretary warned. bee strain with the most vicious dispo- A is obtainable by asking for No. 818—until resulted spe- sition ever encountered when the supply is gone. New wheat agreement cialists in the Bureau of Entomology and The International Wheat Council decided Plant Quarantine combined an outstanding Not for general circulation by a substantial majority to recommend to honey-producing strain developed by Dr. A bulletin of hints and suggestions on member Governments that the International C. L. Farrar at the Madison, Wis., laboratory planning suitable telephone directories has Wheat Agreement, due to expire on July 31 with a strain highly resistant to foulbrood been prepared by the Telephone Loans Divi- the of this year, be extended for another 3 -year perfected by Dr. A. P. Sturtevant at sion, Rural Electrification Administration. period at a new price range of $2.05 maximum Laramie, Wyo., field station. The union of Borrowers requested help in their directory and $1.55 minimum to replace the present these valuable strains resulted in bees that problems, and this is the result. How to use range of $1.80 maximum and $1.20 minimum. would almost sting through armor plate and dial phones and other service information is The new Agreement requires the signature seemed to hate the human race in general. included. But the general public is not in- of 80 percent of the exporting countries and So now the BEPQ scientists are busy chang- vited to write in for this limited publication. 70 percent of the Importing countries before ing the combination in a genetic way to Its results should show up soon in the form line has been identified as it can be submitted to member Governments eliminate the that of better phone directories. for final approval or ratification. hot-temper carriers. Buy U. 5. bonds In a recent memorandum to employees, Blue tongue expert Singing crickets If you return from the Orient with a Secretary Benson pointed to the fact that director of Veterinary Dr. R. A. Alexander, basket of singing crickets in tow, entry per- 31.3 percent of the Department's personnel of South Africa, has Services for the Union mit will be denied unless authorized under are participating in the Payroll Savings Plan to come here to help accepted an invitation provisions of the Insect Pest Act of 1905. for purchase of U. S. Savings Bonds. He recently identified as study the sheep disease The Japanese use these crickets as household suggested that with very little effort partici- It was Dr. Alexander who percent. For blue tongue. pets, but our own chirping crickets claim we pation might be raised to 50 chick embryo identified the disease from need not import any competitors hoping to employees who are considering bond pur- obtained from diseased sheep in cultures outdo native talent. chases these are the series which are avail- California. The diagnosis was made at the able: "E" bonds, the mostly widely held the Onderstepoort Veterinary Laboratories of What is an arboretum? series, run for nine years and eight months. University of Pretoria in South Africa. Interest adds gradually to the value of the What is the difference between an arbore- bond, averaging 3 percent a year if the bond popular tum and a botanical garden? According to Oranges more Francis de Vos, horticulturist at the U. S. is held to maturity. "H" bonds have the interest rate maturity span, but The results of a survey have just been National Arboretum, the arboretum is con- same and face and interest is published which shows that we used about a cerned with a well labeled, living collection they are sold at value payable twice a year, in increasing amounts quarter of a million more boxes of oranges of woody plants hardy within its area; the botanical garden with a well labeled collec- until maturity. "H" is a good buy if you in February 1953 than during the same "J" tion of both woody and herbaceous plants; need to draw interest currently. and month a year earlier. This represents an 8 and the park with only secondary interest "K" bonds are 12-year series with interest percent increase in fresh oranges, a 26 per- percent. In- in plants, with a few exceptions. He also rates which average out at 2.76 frozen concentrated juice, cent increase in pointed out that research and education on terest accrues till maturity on "J" bonds and but a 26 percent decrease in canned single- plants were primary functions of arboretums is payable twice yearly on the "K" series. strength orange juice. Copies of the full and botanic gardens, whereas the park had 16-page report are available from the Bureau as its chief functions recreation and relaxa- of Agricultural Economics. tion. MAY 6, 1953, Vol. XII, No. 9 USDA is published fortnightly for dis- Clarkson fights VE Money grows on young trees tribution to employees only, by direction of be served" is brought Secretary of Agriculture, and with ap- Dr. M. R. Clarkson, deputy administrator That "youth must the out in recent talks to apple growers by L. P. proval of the Director of the Bureau of the of the Agricultural Research Administration, Batjer of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, Budget (July 1, 1952), as containing admin- is in charge of the Department's program now and Agricultural Engineering. "In my opin- istrative information required for the proper of vesicular for eradication exanthema. VE ion", he said, "the outlook for the apple in- transaction of the public business. Retirees is similar to foot-and-mouth disease but dustry as a whole is favorable. I believe one who write the editor requesting it may con- does not affect cattle, sheep or other rumi- of the biggest problems which confronts tinue to get USDA. Please write instead of nants. Since it first appeared outside of every major fruit section is the replacement phoning whenever possible; for rush orders California in June 1952, it has been found of old trees. In producing high yields of call Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of in parts of 39 States, and at present areas of quality fruit I subscribe wholeheartedly to USDA, Office of Information, Department of " Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C. 15 States are under quarantine. the axiom 'money is made on young trees.'

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1953 2 3 SHARE THIS COPY Superior service n Emory D. Alexander, EXT; Athens, t& Ga. : For unusual ability and effective cooperative effort in agronomy extension work; for greatly improving agriculture through better pastures, soil conserva- tion, better seed, and increased yields of farm crops. John P. Andersen, FHA; Watonga, Okla.: development and effec- FOR MAY 20, 1953 For the tive application of a countywide master <^www^wwyyMyww agricultural plan which serves as a re- liable guide for FHA borrower farm Distinguished service Our honor awards planning and loan making and for re- lated superior accomplishments. Dr. Fred C. Bishopp, EPQ; Washing- AS IS customary, this, the first issue of Aaron E. Anderson, BAE; Lincoln, ton, D. C: For organizing, conducting, USDA to appear after the Honor Awards Nebr.: For exceptional accomplishments and directing research which has re- ceremony, held in Washington, D. C, on as State statistician for Nebraska in de- sulted in the development of effective May 19, carries the names of the win- veloping and promoting a better crop methods of controlling plant pests, ners of the Distinguished Service and livestock reporting service designed thereby contributing to the welfare of Awards, the Superior Service Awards, to meet the needs of his State. as well as the awards to employees with Anna L. Anderson, all mankind. EXT; Okmulgee 40 or more years of service. This was County, Okla.: For meritorious service Dr. Sterling B. Hendricks, PISAE, the seventh annual presentation cere- to Negro farm families; through her Beltsville, Md. : For his contribution of mony, and it has gained prestige with leadership in promoting programs of fundamental knowledge to the advance- the succeeding years. During the years home food production, health and hous- ment of science. of 1947 to 1952, inclusive, the Depart- ing, the living conditions of her people Allene Jeanes, AIC, Peoria, 111.: R. ment has conferred Distinguished Serv- have been greatly improved. pioneering chemical research For on ice Awards to 33 persons and 10 groups; Jessie D. Armbruster, REA; Cherokee, dextrans and for leadership and effective Superior Service Awards to 384 persons Iowa: For meritorious performance of contributions in an extensive research and 70 groups; and 362 length-of- a field auditor and examiner, and for program for national defense which ex- service awards. Senator Aiken paid exceptional leadership and initiative far pedited the development of blood plasma tribute to good Federal employees at beyond normal requirements in solving substitutes from dextrans. the ceremony. new and complex accounting problems Dr. Henry A. Jones, PISAE; Belts- of borrowers and in developing effective training material for agency examiners. ville, Md. : For discovery and outstanding Animal Fat Oxidation Unit, AIC; Robert P. Beach, PMA; Washington, original research into the genetics of Wyndmoor, Pa.: For research which led D. C. : For meritorious leadership and ad- cytoplasmic male sterility in plants and to the large scale commercial develop- ministration in budget formulation, developing methods of its application to ment of epoxidized fatty products which presentation and execution in the Pro- commercial production of Fi hybrid seed are superior stabilizing plasticizers de- duction and Marketing Administration. previously unobtainable. rived from domestic fats. Laurence A. Bevan, EXT; Durham, Project on the Action of Diisopropyl Joseph M. Mehl, CEA; Washington, N. H. : For leadership and notable serv- vision and leadership in de- Fluorophosphate (dep) on Esterolytic D. C: For ice in the development of a national ex- futures Enzymes, AIC; Albany, Calif.: For out- veloping Federal regulation of tension program in marketing and in the standing research contributions to agri- trading in agricultural commodities, and establishment of a New England con- cultural chemistry science and defense for fostering principles of equity and sumer education program which has be- effort through the discovery of the man- integrity in the Nation's commodty fu- come a model for other sections of the ner in which the war, gas, DFP, and re- tures markets. country. lated insecticidal analogues inhibit sus- Ernest Ralph Sasscer, EPQ; Charles B. Bisbee, SCS; Waterville, Wash- ceptible esterolytic enzymes. ington, D. C: For inspirational leader- Wash.: For establishing an exemplary record in assisting ship in planning, organizing, and direct- the Douglas Soil Conservation District in Washington ing the Department's activites against to beetles carry out a soil and water conservation the entry and spread of plant pests, Weedeating dark blue-green Insect that re- program on a vast highly erodible wheat thereby adding to the Department's pres- The shiny, sembles a ladybird beetle is doing a good growing area. tige at home and abroad. job of controlling the noxious Klamath weed in California and southern Oregon and Cecil J. Borum, BAE; Lansing, Mich.: Dr. R. W. Trullinger, OES; Washing- is now becoming established in Idaho. For maintaining the highest standards ton, D. For vision and leadership in This beetle, introduced from Australia some C: of technical competence years ago, has already controlled the Klamath and good man- research administration which has been weed on more than 100,000 acres in Hum- agement in the conduct of the Federal- Calif. This a vital force in fostering strong, Federal- boldt County, natural control State crop reporting services in Michi- program is the first of its kind in the United State relationships in and achieving an States and is being carried on cooperatively gan; and for the inspiring guidance and efficient, well-coordinated total agricul- between USDA's Bureau of Entomology and training of his technical and clerical Plant Quarantine and the University of tural research program. California Division of Biological Control. assistants. 253117°—53 : :

John S. Bowen, FS; Portland, Oreg. sulting in the establishment of a Clarence Richard Elder, EXT; Ames, For excellent work and exceptional ac- superior record in the farm develop- Iowa: For leadership in developing and complishments in the organization and ment-farm housing field in his district. coordinating information work; for ini- coordination of the accident-prevention William C. Crow, PMA; Washington, tiative in organizing a college-owned program in the Pacific Northwest region D. C: For meritorious leadership in the radio and television station for the pur- of the Forest Service. initiation, development, and prosecution pose of disseminating extension and re- Julian Brown, FHA; Montgomery, of an effective program of improving search achievements to the public. Ala.: For meritorious service to low- marketing facilities for farm and food Arthur H. Frick, EXT; Grand Rap- income Alabama farm families in assist- products which has resulted in reduc- ids, Minn.: For pioneering in long- ing them to establish improved farming tions of millions of dollars in food mar- range planning, classification and zoning systems, methods, and practices result- keting costs, less deterioration and spoil- land, land clearing and farm forestry ing in greater production, more security age, and increased outlets for farm and for promoting farm enterprises and and better family living. products. marketing practices best adapted to Roger Quincy Brown, EXT; Charles- Grady B. Crowe, BAE; Stoneville, county conditions.

ton, Mo. : For meritorious leadership and Miss.: For meritorious research on eco- Carl H. Gaddis, EPQ; Lafayette, La.: initiative in developing a program of nomic problems of cotton mechaniza- For developing a method and necessary crop production involving significantly tion, which has contributed significantly equipment for protecting sweetpotatoes important cultural and economic farm to a better understanding of and solu- in storage from losses due to sweetpotato practices. tion to the problems of mechanizing weevil attack. This method is now used Stanley J. Brownell, EXT; Ithaca, cotton production, particularly in the throughout the southwestern Louisiana N. Y.: For effective leadership in the Mississippi Delta area. sweetpotato industry. field of animal and dairy husbandry and Eleanor V. De Angelis, PMA; Wash- Suren R. Gevorkiantz, FS; St. Paul,

meritorious services to the welfare of ington, D. C. : For initiation and develop- Minn. : For unique and valuable contri- the dairy industry resulting in better ment of original and effective visual aids butions to forestry in application of sta- standards of living among farm families. enabling more uniform color compari- tistical methods to research problems, Norma M. Brumbaugh, EXT; Still- sons in the determination of quality predicting forest growth, developing contri- water, Okla. : For superior service in de- factors which has been a major composite volume tables, and forest veloping a program for the improvement bution to the processed products stand- measurements generally, always stress- of rural life. Her exceptional leadership, ardization and inspection service. ing simplified techniques. initiative, organizational ability and sus- Dr. John E. De Camp, BAI, Spring- Earl R. Glover, PMA; Washington, tained enthusiasm have helped to build field, 111.: For promoting and adminis- D. C: For meritorious contributions to self-reliant rural leaders. tering a highly successful voluntary calf the development of PMA's marketing James W. Burch, EXT; Columbia, vaccination program in Jersey County, research activities; for unusually effi- Mo.: For superior leadership in organ- 111., which has proved the value of a cient and effective execution of the izing and administering a successful hitherto unproved eradication proce- administrative functions of these activ- unified program of farm and home im- dure. ities; and for exemplary coordination provement through coordination and in- Clyde W. Doran, FS; Delta, Colo.: For between State educational agencies. tegration of educational work in pro- skill and efficiency in conducting re- John W. Goodman, EXT; Raleigh, duction, marketing, conservation, and search in range reseeding and noxious N. C: For special ability in planning family living. plant control, and for successful achieve- and organizing extension work, securing Dr. Theodore C. Byerly, BAI; Belts- ment in getting research results into appropriations, for excellent supervision ville, Md.: For exemplary initiative and practice. and training of subordinates and devel- dynamic leadership in the administra- Mildred A. Doss, BAI; Beltsville, Md. opment of high morale; for sincere and tion of productive research resulting in For indexing the world's literature per- unselfish devotion to duty. significant contributions to American taining to medical and veterinary zo- Elinore T. Greeley, PMA; Washing- agriculture through the development of ology from 1936-52 and for editing and ton, D. C: For improving processed more profitable methods of breeding, preparing for publication a second edi- Products Standardization and Inspec- feeding and managing livestock and tion of the author section of the Index tion Division services through her con- poultry. Catalogue of Medical and Veterinary tributions to the development of proc- Edna M. Callahan, EXT; Columbus, Zoology. essed product standards and for unusual Ohio: For rare ability to teach and an Louis J. Ducoff, BAE; Washington, clarity in describing them to all con- uncanny knack of translating subject D. C: For envisioning and carrying out cerned with their application. matter into a pattern that fits needs and pioneering developments in research Francis L. Green, interests of 4-H members; for her con- and SCS; Bishopville, tribution to the democratic approach in statistics in the fields of farm labor and S. C: For unusual success in helping education. wages; and for redirecting lines of work farmers obtain a source of water for Hinson C. Cole, SCS; Price, Utah: in agricultural manpower to provide in- dugout reservoirs for livestock watering For meritorious performance in a flood formation for fuller utilization of farm and irrigation purposes. emergency situation which enabled fast labor. Faye M. Grimme, FHA; Princeton, L. and accurate appraisal of needs and Wilbur Durham, FHA; Jackson, Mo. : For exceptional ability in handling speedy assembly of material, resulting in Miss.: For meritorious contributions to the needs of office callers, outstanding early design and letting of contracts of the farm ownership insurance program work organization, and devoted service work. through the initiation of suggestions and to the Farmers Home Administration Joe W. Cooper, FHA; Dallas, Tex.: work methods which have resulted in and to the community in which she For meritorious execution of duties, re- increased efficiency and savings. lives.

USDA: May 20, 1953 ::

Harlow H. Hall, AIC; Peoria, 111.: theory of the mechanism of browning William P. Kramer, FS; Washington, For his accomplishment of national sig- reactions in concentrated foods and D. C: For unusually valuable develop- nificance in developing and stimulating feeds. ments in administrative management, prompt adoption by commercial com- Millard J. Horn, HNHE; Beltsville, and for maintaining a consistently dis- panies, a microbiological method for Md.: For discovery and isolation of two tinguished level of effective administra- amino acids; for developing microbio- tion. producing vitamin B 12 , thereby relieving shortages of this vitamin in feeds. logical methods for determination of Merton C. Lane, EPQ; Walla Walla, Prances P. Hamilton, PHA; Golds- amino acids and use of these methods Wash. : For unusual leadership and abil- boro, N. C: For meritorious service in to determine nutritive value of proteins ity in planning, directing, and conduct- the efficient operation of the Wayne in food. ing research which led to the develop- of practical of County office under extremely difficult Horace M. Hunt, EXT; Harrisonville, ment methods controlling circumstances, and for superior accom- Mo.: For leadership and creative ability wireworms in the irrigated lands of the plishments in training new personnel. in training new extension workers; ex- West. Oren H. Harden, FHA; Atlanta, Ga.: ceptional skill in training leaders for William C. Laxton, PERS; Washing- For meritorious service in developing furthering the extension programs, par- ton, D. C: For vision and leadership in and administering a program of far- ticularly balanced farming and work developing the Department of Agricul- reaching improvements in agriculture with rural youth. ture's classification program, which pro- gram has contributed materially to the and rural life in southwest Georgia. Wilbur E. Hunter, FHA; Oberlin, effectiveness of Frances E. Hart, BAE; Little Rock, Kans.: For unusual initiative and agri- the Department's per- sonnel utilization. Ark.: For superior ingenuity and enter- cultural leadership in promoting the Eleanor Lunde, prise in managing statistical-clerical adoption of balanced farming programs C. LIB; Madison, operations in face of curtailed work and in influencing FHA borrowers to Wis.: For exemplary performance of duties as assistant in the branch force; and for her stimulating influence adopt efficient livestock program sys- an library at Madison, Wis., and for initia- and ability to capture and hold staff tems well-suited to the area. in devising re- interest in maintaining high output. John Byron Hurst, EXT; Enid, Okla. tive work methods that savings in time, Dr. Carl P. Hartley, PISAE; Belts- For exceptional planning, organization sult in important ma- terials and money both for the branch ville, Md.: For his meritorious contri- and leadership ability in bringing better and for the patrons which it serves. butions to forest management practices living to rural farmies ; for initiative and Lydia Ann Lynde, EXT; Washington, and forest products conservation inspiration in advancing the Garfield

D. : For her meritorious leadership in through his productive research and re- County extension program. C. pioneering the work in the Department search leadership. David A. Isler, PISAE ; Beltsville, Md. of Agriculture on human relationships Bessie P. Hawkins, FHA; Charleston, For his contribution to the development and the "family approach" that related Miss.: For meritorious service to agri- of a dual sprayer which has materially all aspects of extension work to the culture and rural life in Mississippi reduced the number of airplane test family. Delta counties and Tallahatchie County flights necessary to determine the proper Jose Guadalupe Martinez, FS; Taos, through technical guidance and inspira- degree of spray atomization. N. Mex.: For the heroic rescue of 4-year- tional leadership in improving standards Robert P. A. Johnson, FS; Madison, old Mike Williams from the swirling of family living. Wis.: For dynamic leadership in proper waters of the Red River. Dr. Francis L. D. Herchenroeder, and effective utilization of wood; for Dr. Fred C. Mau, BAI; Chicago, 111.: BAI; New York, N. Y.: For unusual skill constructive objectivity and soundness For promoting and administering an in developing and administering im- of technical contributions which bring effective livestock disease control pro- proved animal inspection and quaran- credit to the Service and command the gram at the principal livestock markets, tine procedures at the port of New York, respect of industry. resulting in application of uniform pro- resulting in increased protection to the William B. Johnson, BAE; Washing- cedures, prompt detection of infectious United States livestock and poultry ton, D. C: For exceptional initiative, diseases and prevention of their spread. industries. skill, devotion to duty, and pioneering Earl Mayhew, FHA; Lexington, Ky.: Burt W. Heywang, BAI; Glendale, work which resulted in successful, rapid For meritorious service in developing Ariz.: For extremely valuable and origi- communication of timely, complex eco- and administering a program which has nal scientific and economic contribu- nomic information and statistics through resulted in permanent improvement to tions to fundamental knowledge and motion pictures, television, and other Kentucky agriculture and for helping practice of poultry nutrition research visual media. farm families attain a more satisfying concerned with feeding of cottonseed Clinton M. Jones, SCS; Emporia, Va.: and productive rural life. meal to poultry, and for devotion to duty For superior accomplishments in work- Alvan McDowell, PMA; Fran- under unusual circumstances. M. San ing with farmer groups in soil conserva- cisco, Calif.: For his contributions to Julian P. Hicks, PMA; Atlanta, Ga.: tion districts; training soil Market News Division services be- For meritorious accomplishments in the conservation the service technicians; and achieving cause of his unusual success in securing field of investigation resulting in sub- a industry and marketing official coopera- stantial savings and recoveries to the large volume of high quality drainage developing clear and concise re- Government and the bringing about of work, all contributing to increased farm tion, and for providing an incentive a higher degree of compliance with income. ports, exemplary CCC-PMA programs. Doris J. Keevtl, BDI; Washington, to other employees by per- formance of duties. John E. Hodge, AIC; Peoria, 111.: For D. C: For planning, successful develop- FCA; Washing- new and significant fundamental con- ing, and operating the largest mech- Andrew W. McKay,

: For meritorious contributions tributions to the chemistry of sugars anized dairy-cattle geneological and ton, D. C. soundly and amines and developing therefrom a production record system in the world. in assisting farmers to develop

USDA: May 20, 1953 organized cooperative business organi- Edward D. Player, FHA; Kingstree, Dr. Eugene S. Schultz, PISAE; Belts- zations, and to operate effectively. ville, them S. C: For ably administering one of the Md. : For his successful research on John M. Miller, EPQ; Beltsville, Md.: largest county programs in South Caro- potato diseases which has reduced the For his contribution to the development lina; for extensive use of private credit hazard of potato growing and made more of a dual sprayer which has materially through insured loans; and for achiev- efficient and economical production of reduced the number of airplane test ing the State's best borrower repayment potatoes possible. flights necessary to determine the proper record. Henry F. Shepherd, PERS; Washing- ton, D. C. degree of spray atomization. C. Kyle Randall, BAE; Washington, : For exceptional skill and Jerald E. Miller, FHA; Marietta, D. C: For meritorious service to Ad- originality in meeting an essential need Ohio: For meritorious achievements in ministrators of agricultural programs, for the improvement of supervision by leadership and service to borrower to Congress, to farm organizations, and creating a career development plan and families. to the general public in developing sta- a supervisor's manual for the self-im- provement of Madison I. Miller, FHA; Waverly, tistics and analyses relating to economic those who supervise. Walton Ohio : For her unusual initiative and re- problems in agriculture. C. Sizemore, SCS; Bishopville, S. sourcefulness in continuously develop- C. : For unusual success in Ethel M. Regan, EXT; Hyattsville, helping ing and submitting suggested improve- farmers obtain a source of water for Md.: For unusual service to rural life, ments of FHA procedure and for the dugout reservoirs for livestock watering through leadership, creative and organ- meritorious performance of her assigned and irrigation purposes. izational ability in adapting extension duties. Norman S. Smith, PMA; Washington, programs for homemakers and youth in D. C. For John W. Mitchell, EXT; Hampton : extraordinary competence, a rapidly changing rural-metropolitan Va.: For noteworthy contribution to the judgment and program knowledge in ef- development of effective and practical area. fectively handling complex and difficult extension work for Negro farm families Howard B. Richardson, PMA; Wash- investigative, enforcement and adminis- resulting in a rapid acceleration of di- ington, D. C: For developing basic in- trative problems which has earned him versified farming and improved living formation on factors of quality in raw esteem among his supervisors and other Government conditions for these families. cotton in relation to results in textile officials. Dr. Frederick Theodore L. Moeller, PMA; Phoenix, processing, which has improved tech- J. Stevenson, PISAE; Ariz.: For meritorious contribution Beltsville, Md.: For his to nology throughout various branches of contribution to the social and economic welfare the potato industry through of the the cotton industry. locating Arizona Indians by developing an ef- sources of resistance to destructive po- Edd Roberts, EXT; Stillwater, Okla.: fective conservation program for the tato diseases and insects and by incorpo- For his notable contribution to the agri- desert area. rating these characteristics into com- culture of Oklahoma in the development Douglas C. Morrison, Jr., FS; Wins- mercially acceptable varieties, thereby low, Ariz.: For unusual effectiveness in and promotion of "land judging" con- producing increased yields and estab- organizing, directing, and participating tests, designed to teach large masses of lishing a more stable industry. in the rescue of several hundred elk people conservation of the soil through George Stewart, FAS; Tehran, Iran: hunters entrapped by deep snows in the districts. For recognition of meritorious service to crop high mountain country of the Sitgreaves Carl G Ross, FHA; Silkeston, Mo.: improvement in Iran which has contributed greatly National Forest. For providing the training, leadership to maintaining Betty B. Nance, friendly relations with that country. FHA; Jackson, N. C: and work organization necessary to en- For distinctive performance of the Lois Reid Stewart, EXT; Dubuque, able his district to carry out simultane- duties of a county clerk-typist and out- Iowa: For exceptional abilities in build- ously a $3,790,000 disaster loan program standing assistance to her supervisor in ing lay leadership and activating com- and regular FHA program with superior dealing with applicants and borrower munity improvement; for her keen sense results. families. of public relations; for her influence Ramiro Agosto Ruiz, FS; Palmer, Sam H. Neel, B&F; Washington, D. C: throughout the State, especially in train- devotion to administration For especially meritorious and construc- P. R.: For ing new agents. development of a major recreation tive contributions to effective budgetary and John Russell Stoker, FHA; Denver, effective administration, particularly for thor- area; unusually use of funds; Colo.: For meritorious leadership and oughness in analyses of the substantive noteworthy bilingual public-relations engineering services to Colorado farm- and budgetary aspects and implica- work; and ably administering the entire ers and ranchers in planning, installing tions of problems involving important Caribbean national forests maintenance and utilizing water facilities involving activities. Department programs. highly complex and difficult engineer- Helen Nimmo, FHA; Gainesville, Fla.: Ann Eva Russell, FHA; Nashville, ing and cost features.

For meritorious service to family-type Tenn. : For meritorious service to rural Marshall W. Stone, EPQ; Whittier, farmers in Florida through technical family life in Tennessee through her in- Calif.: For unusual leadership and abil- guidance in the family-living phase of spiring leadership and effective techni- ity in planning, directing, and conduct- the FHA program and for unusually cal advice in promoting better farm ing research which led to the develop- effective leadership in employee training. family living. ment of practical methods of control- William G. Patterson, SCS; Bishop- Lawrence F. Sengenberger, FHA; ling wireworms in the irrigated lands of ville, S. C. : For unusual success in help- Denver, Colo. : For a distinctive record in the West. ing farmers obtain a source of water the effective management of his unit, Dr. Erhardt P. Sylwester, EXT; for dugout reservoirs for livestock water- superior leadership, and outstanding de- Ames, Iowa : For unusual leadership and ing and irrigation purposes. votion to duty. service to agriculture in developing seed

USDA: May 20, 1953 testing services and for energetically to the land per dollar of Federal funds meritorious service to agriculture and conducting educational programs in the expended, and for bringing about a bet- rural life in the Little River Soil Con- control of noxious weeds. ter understanding of the agricultural servation District, Idabel, Okla. Calvin Taylor, PMA; Springerville, conservation program, its objectives, and Insecticide Division, Livestock Ariz.: For meritorious contribution to inherent potentialities. Branch, PMA; Washington, D. C, and the social and economic welfare of the Robert W. Webb, PMA; Washington, Field: For effectively administering leg- Arizona Indians by developing an effec- D. C: For developing basic information islation requiring registration and proper tive conservation program for the desert on factors of quality in raw cotton in re- labeling on 25,000 commercial pesticides, area. lation to results in textile processing, and carrying out policies to assure safe, Riley Tarver, EXT: El Reno, Okla.: which has improved technology through- equitable distribution to grower and For effective performance and achieve- out various branches of the cotton public without disrupting industry. ment for his work with 4-H Club boys industry. Leased Wire Section, Office of Ad- and girls, and for his contribution to John A. Zelinski, PMA; Washington, ministrative Services, PMA; Washing- agriculture in the improvement of live- D. C: For establishing an exemplary ton, D. C: For exemplary accomplish- stock and the growing of better crops. record of efficiency, economy, and effec- ment in operating a wire communica- Mary R. Thomas, BAE; Washington, tiveness in conducting rate regulatory tion network which is unequalled in D. C: For exceptional enthusiasm, un- activities under the Packers and Stock- service, economy, and efficiency. usual initiative, untiring patience, quiet yards Act. Little Rock, Ark., Work Unit, SCS; perseverance; for outstanding skill, tact Claims Examiners of the New York Little Rock, Ark. : For meritorious pro- and a rare spirit of helpfulness in ren- Commodity Office, PMA; New York, duction in assisting the Lonoke-Pulaski dering retirement counseling service to N. Y. : For unusually efficient and expe- Soil Conservation District. employees of the Bureau of Agricultural ditious handling of claims by and against Materiel Containers Division (Forest Economics. the Commodity Credit Corporation Prod. Lab.), FS; Madison, Wis.: For in- Leonard R. Trainer, PMA; Washing- which has earned outstanding relation- valuable achievements in the design and ton, D. C: For his contribution to the ship with and commendation from pri- development of economical, sound, tim- Nation's children and to agriculture by vate industry. ber-conserving packaging methods for displaying the highest qualities of lead- Culpeper-Rappahannock Work Unit, the myriad military items required in ership in administering the national SCS ; Culpeper, Va. : For unusually high peace and war. school lunch program and for his efforts sustained production in farm planning, Modoc National Forest, FS; Alturas, to make a vital force in increasing the application, and facilitating activities Calif.: For sustained high-level record several years. in field of safety, contributions of agriculture to the gen- over a period of the a record accom- eral welfare. Drainage and Earth Testing Labora- plished by the cooperation and safety-

tory, SCS; Albuquerque, N. Mex. : For consciousness of every employee of the Henry M. Tsuchiya, AIC; Peoria, 111.: For originality, resourcefulness and exceptional accomplishment in develop- Modoc National Forest. leadership in devising new methods for ing new technical material, in the envi- Wills Point, Tex., Work Unit, SCS; the production of dextran for civilian able respect which it has gained in the Wills Point, Tex.: For a high level of and military use in national defense. service, and enhancing the Service's production in assisting farmers and Elizabeth L. Tuttle, EXT; Winston prestige with other governmental agen- ranchers in the Kaufman-Van Zandt Salem, N. C: For being a true rural cies and educational institutions. Soil Conservation District. leader, energetic, enthusiastic, and Food Composition Unit, HNHE; Washington, D. C: For exceptional skilled in human relations; for excep- Geese and grass teamwork and competence in compiling tional planning and organization ability "Goosey, goosey, gander; whither dos't in developing programs significant to and evaluating worldwide research find- thou wander?" If goosey had replied that she and hundreds of others were going down rural living, for ability ings on composition and nutritive value and her to stimu- to the cotton field to clean out the grass, in producing late effective teamwork among all of foods and the standard we would have imagined ourselves in a mod- organizations. reference work in this field. ern Mother Goose rhyme for sure. But that is one of the modern developments on the J. Irvin Wagoner, EXT; Greensboro, Forms Management Section, Office cotton farm of Edward B. Frasier of Dos N. C: For his great originality and un- of Administrative Services, PMA; Palos, Calif., as it is told in the March 1953 issue of the Acco Press. Briefly, it takes Washington, D. C. : For consistently bounded energy in attaining outstand- three geese to the acre to keep down the ing progress in agriculture, and for his meritorious performance in forms man- grass. Mr. Frasier figures that a good goose agement and design and graphic work does $5 worth of weeding a year, not to men- superior organizational and teaching tion the value of edible goose flesh that is ability in increasing the agricultural in- accomplishment; and for establishing an produced by this "low-cost" ration. come and a better rural life in exemplary record for efficiency of opera- his FunderBurk new FCIC manager county. tion which has facilitated program ef- C. B. FunderBurk, general manager of the Clifford J. Waldron, REA; Washing- fectiveness. Cotton States Mutual Insurance Co. in At- Secretary ton, D. C: For his unusual work in col- Fruit Fly Research Laboratory, EPQ; lanta, Ga., was named by Benson on April 24 to serve as acting manager of Honolulu, T. : For effective lecting, analyzing, and preparing infor- H. coopera- the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation. mation on chemical brush control to tive research that materially reduced the He succeeds John W. Brainard, who has re- turned to his farming operations in Minne- enable borrowers to obtain a more eco- danger of introduction of destructive sota. In naming Mr. FunderBurk to this nomical and effective means of control- fruit flies to the American mainland, by position, the Secretary said: "It is my pur- pose to bring about continued progressive ling right-of-way clearing. the development of new approaches to improvement in the crop insurance program. Harvey A. Weaver, PMA; Syracuse, the solution of insect control problems. It is a program in which farmers can help themselves." In 1953 the FCIC program will N. Y.: For developing methods and Idabel, Oklahoma Work Unit, SCS; be in effect in 922 counties. It provides in- natural losses to techniques which have obtained in- Idabel, Okla.: For a high level of pro- surance to farmers against their wheat, cotton, corn, flax, tobacco, beans, creased conservation measures applied duction during the fiscal year 1952 and citrus, and multiple crops.

USDA: May 20, 1S53 ;

used lamps of red, gold, blue, incandes- Length-of-service awards Moth lures cent (lumiline), germicidal, sunlamp and blacklight. In these various lamp having Edward Beglinger, FS, Madison, Wis. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS traps during comparable periods be- for more effective Harry L. Blaisdell, EPQ, Greenfield, a hand in research tween May 17 and August 15 the experi- persistently trying to Mass.; Harold L. Borden, FS, Win- insect control are menters' total catches of a number of the moth's age- chester, Ky.; Thomas J. Breet, BAI, Bos- improve traps based on kinds of insects (cutworm moths, seed- flame. They are ton, Mass.; Donald J. Caffrey, EPQ, old frenzy for the corn beetles, tarnished plant bugs, and for better Washington, D. C; Dudley D. Conner, getting along in the search western spotted cucumber beetles) var- electrical, mechan- BAI, Baton Rouge, La.; Martin R. designs of devices— ied from a high of 39,086 by blacklight for taking ad- Cooper, BAE, Washington, D. C; Leo ical, colorometric, etc.— to a low of 235 by the red lamp. this fateful urge. John G. E. Davis, BAI, Columbus, Ohio; Charles vantage of In Indiana, one 30-inch trap with two engineer of the Bu- W. Dawson, PISAE, Beltsville, Md.; Al- Taylor, a research 30-watt blacklight lamps reduced the Plant Industry, Soils, and Agri- fred W. Dohr, FS, Madison, Wis.; Walt reau of population of first generation corn Engineering, in Lafayette, Ind., L. Dtjtton, FS, Washington, D. C; John cultural borers in a 4-acre area of a 40-acre talked at the Plant Industry A. Echols, BAI, Fort Worth, Tex.; Elmer recently sweetcorn field by 30.7 percent. In a auditorium, Beltsville, Md., on Eisenbarth, BAI, Indianapolis, Ind.; Station second test they obtained a 64.4 percent newer results thus obtained Chalmers T. Forster, PERS, Washing- some of the reduction in infestation with a single State experiment sta- ton, D. C; Augustus Gaither, ARC, by Federal and such trap over a 4-acre area of a 12- tion specialists. Beltsville, Md.; George E. Gaus, PMA, acre sweetcom field. Bureau, for 5 years, has carried Washington, D. C; Mae E. Gilman, FS, The The large moths of tobacco and to- research in cooperation with Depart- Ogden, Utah; James J. T. Graham, PMA, on mato horn worms are attracted most by entomologists and others. As a Washington, D. C; George Flippo Gra- ment ultraviolet light. Tests by the Bureau's this cooperation they have had vatt, PISAE, Beltsville, Md.; Patrick result of Dr. O. A. Brown in North Carolina varying degrees of success with different Grourke, BAI, Providence, R. I.; Carl showed the best trap for these two simi- designs of electric lamps for estimating P. Hartley, PISAE, Beltsville, Md. ; Anna lar insects was a mechanical type (no numbers, identifying, and destroying E. Jenkins, FAS, Sao Paula, Brazil; John electrified grid) with two 40- watt black- hordes of crop-damaging insects D. Kelso, PISAE, Cheyenne, Wyo.; Wal- the light lamps in front of a solid backboard extent, those of more inti- ter H. Larrimer, FS, Washington, D. C; and, to some against which the big moths (often mis- concern to man. Work of the William W. Lawson, BAI, Omaha, Nebr.; mate taken for humming birds) stunned sort has been done in Indiana, Iowa, John V. Leighou, FS, Glenwood Springs, themselves at the end of their fast flight Tennessee, and Texas on field insects Colo.; Joe G. Lill, PISAE, East Lansing, and fell into a collecting box below. A tobacco, cotton, and truck), and Mich.; Earl W. Loveridge, FS, Washing- (corn, fluorescent signal green pigment proved with the Nebraska and Louisiana sta- ton, D. C. ; E. Albert Meyer, BAI, Den- the best background color for attract- tions on insects attacking stored grain. ver, Colo.; Charles E. Moore, FS, Alamo- ing these moths. But results, Taylor The basic killing device, as described gordo, N. Mex.; Milton D. Morris, FS, said, have not been consistent enough by Taylor, is made up of parallel elec- Pollock Pines, Calif.; Roy W. Myers, to justify the entomologists and engi- tric wires in an electric-lighted flat BDI, Washington, D. C; J. William neers making definite recommendations frame at right angles to the ground, Park, PMA, Washington, D. C; Orlo A. for lights and traps for control of adjacent wires insulated to kill bugs Pratt, EPQ, Calexico, Calif.; George T. hornworms. bridging the gap between them. Ratliffe, SCS, Washington, D. C; Wil- Tests of light traps for the pink boll- Research carried on with Indiana and liam J. Sando, PISAE, Beltsville, Md.; worm of cotton, now in 6 of the Cotton Iowa in the last 2 years showed that the Stanley C. Sanderson, FS, Coeur States, according to Taylor, have pro- killing grids for corn borer moths had D'Alene, Idaho; Ed R. Saunders, BAI, vided much information. So far, he to have wider spaces between wires than St. Louis, Mo.; Stanley Skidmore, FS, said, it appears that one of the most those for houseflies (% of an inch), Madison, Wis.; Robert Thumann, BAI, promising uses of the electric trap which clogged up with the moths. One- in Columbus, Ohio; Frank M. Toomey, BAI, working toward control of cotton insects half inch spacing killed the moths and New York, N. Y.; Norman P. Tucker, is getting information migration. let them fall. in on EXT, Washington, D. C. ; Richard T. Tests in Iowa of different colors of Umhau, PMA Washington, D. C; Lyle electric-lighted fluorescent-painted sur- B. Whitney, BAI, Albany, N. Y.; H. Lit cites on land ownership faces showed corn borer moths most Stanford Yohe, PMA, Washington, D. C. Bibliographical Bulletin No. 22 which has by sodium yellow and by the attracted in it 2,919 annotated literature citations on exposed part of blacklight lamps. Poor- land ownership is now off the press. Copies are available from the Superintendent of New wheat grass bulletin of the fluorescent pigments was est Documents, U. S. Government Printing Crested wheat grass is being used success- horizon blue. Office, at 70 cents each. fully to improve the forage production of In these recent experiments in Indiana many deteriorated rangelands in the cooler Two SCS men pass away and moister parts of the Southwest. It is and Iowa, Taylor said, the investigators adapted to moderately moist sites Franklin E. Fitzgerald, head of the Sec- also that attracts most within big sagebush and pinyon-juniper have found nothing tion of Visual Information in Soil Conserva- after a brief illness on vegetational types, and throughout ponde- insects better than the fluorescent 360 tion Service, died range lands of Arizona and New March 29 at his home in Alexandria, Va. rosa pine lamp. The florescent Mexico. What has been learned thus far by BL (blacklight) He had been with the Service since 1948. the Southwestern Forest and Range Experi- approaches the blacklight in He was a native of Daytona Beach, Fla. sunlamp editor for the ment Station about the possibility and Eric A. Johnson, technical insects, but for economy of suddenly at his home in Bethesda, practicability of planting and grazing attracting SCS, died Md., on March 28. He had worked for the crested wheatgrass in Arizona and New behind. In a test on market catch is far Department nearly 35 years and with SCS Mexico is found in Farmers' Bulletin No. crops near Indianapolis they since 1946. His home was in Massachusetts. 2056. Forest Service has copies. garden

USDA: May 20, 1953 : —

servation aide, Annapolis, Md.; Harry S. awards Leasure, soil conservationist (operations), Machine-age hazards Employee Washington County, Md.; Wayne D. Wavrin, agricultural engineer, Hot Springs, S. Dak. PAY INCREASES for superior accom- "THE MATTER of personal safety on Cash Awards for Efficiency (authorized every plishment and Certificates of Merit were and off the job gets more technical by Public Law 429) : recently awarded employees, as indi- day, as the world becomes more and Group cated below: Farmers Home Administration: more crowded with complicated machin- $400 J. J. Anastasio, Washington, Award of — ery, instruments—and people." This Bureau of Agricultural Economics: Wen- D. C. received $50; W. H. Barnett, Mont- dell Calhoun, agricultural economist (Mar- gomery, Ala., $25; James Forsythe, Dallas, opinion was expressed recently by Alvin keting Research), Berkeley, Calif.; Margaret Tex., $25; W. M. Lakas, Denver, Colo., $25; C. Watson, Assistant Regional Director Husband, clerk-stenographer, Denver, Colo. R. G. McIntyre, Washington, D. C, $150; of the Soil Conservation Service, in an Farmers Home Administration: Dorothy M. L. Northcutt, St. Louis, Mo., $25; C. C. H. Moss, secretary (stenography) , Harrisburg, Pollock, St. Louis, Mo., $25; Joe Reddington, address at State College, Pennsylvania. Pa. Montgomery, Ala., $25; Larry Senenberger, "A growing phase of our working hab- Forest Service: Bert A. Bealby, forester Denver Colo., $25; Max Ulery, Dallas, Tex., (administration), Kalispell, Mont.; George $25. its," he said, "is to keep these complica- M. Byram, physicist, Asheville, N. C; Mar- tions from hurting us, other people, jorie M. Cushman, cartographic draftsman, Cash Awards for Suggestions (author- equipment and our chances of doing our Berkeley, Calif.; Wallace L. Fons, physicist, ized by Public Law 600—cases in excess Berkeley, Calif.; Herbert C. Granholm, Ore work efficiently. As public servants, we control aide (general), San Francisco, Calif.; of $100) obliga- Ruth Bush Jones, information specialist, Al- have extra, legal and economic Bureau of Animal Industry: James F. buquerque, N. Mex.; Henrietta E. McGuire, it so, we've Clabby, Waterloo, Iowa, $250. tions to play safe. To do clerk, Winslow, Ariz.; George L. Nichols, Entomology and Plant Quarantine: Oliver technique of education, architectural engineer, Ogden, Utah; Robert got to use every O. Stout, Honolulu, T. H., $250. J. Oswald, clerk, Steamboat Springs, Colo.; supervision, training and knowledge Production and Marketing Administration: Barry C. Park, range conservationist, Bill- Jack L. Beigun, Chicago, 111., $205; Helen available. ings, Mont.; Ralph A. Shull, administrative Parsons, Kansas City, Mo., $130; Bennett H. officer, New Orleans, La. "Injuries in SCS field work," he ex- Stampes, Jr., Dallas, Tex., $120. Office of Personnel: Marion R. Robertson, plained, "usually result from slipping, clerk, Washington, D. C; Thomas T. Town- obstacles. send, administrative officer, Washington, tripping, or falling over D. C. Of kings and insects Climbing over fences, or jumping a Production and Marketing Administra- fence or an obstacle has caused serious tion: Julia J. Allen, analytical statistician, Washington, D. C; Robert P. Beach, Chief, INSECTS THAT emulate an ancient injury. The remedy is usually common Office of the Budget, Washington, D. C; king of Pontus by building up resistance sense, and occasionally special equip- Federick J. Bohling, accountant, Minne- to revealing with poison will be subjected . . . forget hazards apolis, Minn.; Kenneth L. Booz, administra- to ment. Let's not tive officer (chief), Manhattan, Kans.; Wil- tests with radio-active insecticides to livestock. For example, you just don't liam C. Crow, Director, Marketing and Facil- find out just how they become tolerant to take chances of any kind with a bull, ities Research, Washington, D. C; Charlotte certain of the new insecticides. F. H. anywhere." B. Cullfn, clerk- (stenographer) , New York, N. Y.; Eleanor V. DeAngelis, scientific illus- Babers, of the Bureau of Entomology and "All of us need to drive an automobile trator, Washington, D. C; Mary H. Downey, Plant Quarantine, is readying equipment or truck in our work," Mr. Watson said, secretary (stenographer), Washington, D. C; Joseph E. Elstner, grain inspection super- at the Agricultural Research Center at "and most of us drive a passenger ve- visor, Kansas City, Mo.; Lois L. Gardiner, Beltsville, Md., to apply radio-active in- hicle in connection with our personal statistical assistant, Washington, D. C; of automobiles Earl R. Glover, agricultural economist secticides to resistant insects such as affairs. The creation (Marketing Research), Washington, D. C; houseflies and roaches. Photographic was wonderful, but the people who use Elinore T. Greeley, marketing specialist, radiation detection in- them have also created a sad and per- Washington, D. C; Edward L. Griffin, Tech- plates and other Eighty-six percent of all nologist (Program Administration), Wash- struments will give progressive pictures plexing story. ington, D. O; Sidney N. Gubin, staff the fatalities (resulting from automotive assistant, Washington, D. C; Forest J. of the penetration and absorption of the accidents) have been caused by human Hall, information specialist, Washington, insecticide. They will show its route D. C; Edward M. Harwell, agricultural mar- errors. Carelessness, intolerence, and specialist (facilities), Washington, into and through the insect's body, nerv- keting lack of respect for authority have been D. C; Almon F. Heald, executive officer, Bur- ous and digestive system, and its final also lington, Vt.; Paul L. Higley, information contributing factors. There are excretion from or storage in the insect's specialist, San Francisco, Calif.; Ernest R. just 'plain' poor drivers. But accidents Johnson, dairy and poultry products grader, body. A. W. Lindquist, at the Bureau's not confined to the 'amateur' be- Seattle, Wash.; Kathryn E. Kelley, clerk, are Minneapolis, Minn.; Thelma T. Laney, clerk laboratory in Corvallis, Oreg., did pioneer cause the professional drivers, such as (stenography), Dallas, Tex.; Ruth Link- work in this field. bus and truck drivers, have their share later, administrative assistant, Portland, before . . . Oreg.; Jimmie W. Mize, Government ac- Mithridates VI, king of Pontus too. countant, Dallas, Tex.; Emma B. Nance, the Christian era, when kings led haz- "Now, safe drivers recognize that the home economist, Dallas, Tex.; Rhoda E. increasingly most dangerous, unknown quantity is clerk-typist, New York, N. Y.; ardous lives, reputedly took Phillips, Constant watchful- Howard B. Richardson, cotton technologist, larger doses of poisons "from the many- the other driver. Washington, D. C; Annette C. Schnell, ad- for the unexpected thing—for earth" until he could eat poi- ness Chicago, 111.; Edgar venomed ministrative assistant, mixed -up or exicited driving behavior C. Shaffer, chief, administrative assistant, soned food and drink poisoned wine un- as I Salt Lake City, Utah; Cecil E. Sullivan, is a matter of great importance, harmed. A. E. Housman, who tells the Government accountant (chief), Chicago, look back over about 35 years' experi- 111.; Charles W. Sullivan, administrative story in one of his Shropshire Lad with all sorts of motor vehicles. Jackson, Miss.; Calvin Taylor, farm- ence officer, poems, adds succintly, "Mithridates, he er fieldman, Phoenix, Ariz.; Leonard R. And I think we are all familiar with Trainer, administrative officer, Washington, died old." Some mosquitoes, houseflies, persons who are very lovely and courte- D. C; Harvey A. Weaver, administrative roaches, and other insects are dying old ous in their homes or gardens but, assistant (fieldman) , Syracuse, N. Y.; Robert W. Webb, cotton technologist, Washington, even when kept in cages literally en- 'demons' behind the wheel. It seems to D. C; John A. Zelinski, valuation engineer, crusted with DDT. They are going the me that our attitude—and that's 90 Washington, D. C. ques- Soil Conservation Service: Horace H. ancient king one better by passing along percent of safety success—on this Cureton, soil conservation aide, San Fer- must be positive." their resistance to their offspring. tion of driving a vehicle nando, Calif.; I. Preston Isaacs, soil con-

USDA: May 20, 1953 credit goes to the early work done by Electronic colorimeter Miss Nickerson in the U. S. Department Group land drainage of Agriculture. Much of this work has RAW COTTON color has been measured AT REQUEST of farmers and ranchers been reported in the Journal of the Op- in the U. S. Department of Agriculture who want wet lands drained for greater tical Society of America, as well as in in connection with standards for grades land capability, the field Department publications. men of the Soil for several years. In early years, a Conservation Service perform desired Miss Nickerson is an active member of visual disk colorimeter was used, but this technical services in the existing soil several scientific and professional groups proved inadequate and in 1950 a new conservation districts. These working with color. For 14 years she group automatic, photoelectric instrument was jobs often involve several farms, with served as secretary of the Inter-Society developed in the color laboratory of the the work done by landowners or opera- Color Council; since 1933 she has been Cotton Branch, Production and Market- tors or by contractors. The original a member of the Colorimetry Committee ing Administration. The work was done plans by SCS engineers specify the kind of the Optical Society of America; she by Miss Dorothy Nickerson and R. S. of construction and maintenance de- is a member of the U. S. National Com- Hunter, then chief optical engineer of sired for success. The net effect on mittee on Colorimetry of the Inter- the Gardner Laboratory, which manu- wildlife habitat is always a point in- national Commission on Illumination; factures the colorimeter. volved in an all-round conservation- and is chairman this year of a sub- But now, instead of the single trial drainage job. committee of the niuminating Engineer- instrument of 1950, there are more than According to the Records and Reports ing technical committee groups. In 1951 40 in use by 1953 at the Cotton Branch Division of SCS, in 1952, a total of 1,344 she was given a Superior Service Award classing rooms, and by mills, shippers, group drainage jobs were laid out to and medal by the Department of Agri- and arbitration boards here and abroad. benefit about 630,000 acres in soil con- culture "for notable contributions to the The instrument is based on the complex servation districts with SCS technical development and application of the new principles of "tristimulus colorimetry." aid. The estimated cost was nearly 4 automatic colorimeter for cotton." The colorimeter averages the color of a million dollars, with SCS performing sample of cotton about 4x4 inches in services worth about 7.5 percent of the size. Results are indicated directly on Brief and choice overhead cost. the instrument in terms of reflectance Completed jobs were recorded that and degree of yellowness. A diagram Mary Forbes Smith retires year for 1,130 groups to benefit about is superimposed on the scales which Mrs. Mary Forbes Smith retired from the 522,000 acres on all or part or 6,925 of Information on April 30. Mrs. shows the average measurements of Office farms. On a cumulative basis, this Smith had been with the Department 31 y2 color of the cotton used in the standards years, 3 of them with the Agricultural Ex- brought the total area benefited by these for grade. periment Station in Honolulu. Born and completed jobs to 4,256,413 acres. SCS educated in Birmingham, Ala., Mrs. Smith is technical costs 7,475 completed group The perfected machine electronic, is author of "The Alabaster Box," a pub- on self-standardizing, and automatically lished book of poems. She is also a com- drainage jobs as of last December 31 ran poser of music. She is a member of the indicating. Unlike about 8.4 percent of total costs. many colorimeters Writers' League of Washington, and follow- which require operation by a skilled lab- ing retirement will pursue her interests Farmer-district cooperators who derive there. Mrs. Smith will continue to live in oratory technician, this one is designed the benefit from the drainage work pay Mount Rainier, Md. to be used in the classing room by the the construction costs. variety cotton classer. Like a television set, it Summer It has been feasible to use the outlets In announcing its summer schedule of can be tuned for efficient use in a fairly provided by the group drainage chan- classes to begin June 1, the USDA Graduate simple way. Thus it can be expected to School says it will offer fewer courses this nels for additional field or farm drain- give satisfactory service in the hands of summer, but there will be variety. A new age on individual farms. Better land course in parliamentary procedure is being erosion control are thereby an intelligent operator—particularly if offered which is Intended to "give you added use and he is a good judge of cotton. A second interest and more confidence at your social secured. For the most part where the or business meetings." Review courses are published report on this drainage is well done and successful, its instrument has offered in calculus, Russian, and Gregg short- been issued by the Cotton Branch under hand as well as conversational French, Span- results have been effective in the reha- ish, and German. If you have trouble figur- the heading "Color Measurements of bilitation of agricultural land for pro- ing interest, insurance, taxes, social security, Cotton," 38 pages processed. and the like, a review course will be given ductive use. It is not merely opening up Miss Nickerson has been with the De- in everyday mathematics which might help new land for cultivation, but renders en- you. Noncredit courses will be given this tire easier to operate partment since 1927, when she came to summer in photography, pencil sketching farms and more work on color standardization problems and water color painting. Registration be- profitable. gins May 23. of hay, feed, and seed as well as cotton. Use the payroll bond buying plan In the early years color science was in Service—44 years of it its own infancy, and much of her early Robert L. Kause, a senior specialist in cot- ton classing, retired April 30, 1953, after 44 work was devoted to finding to ways put years with the Department of Agriculture. the color work itself on a firm foun- He started with the cotton project when the MAY 20, 1953, Vol. XII, No. 10 dation so that color measurements, work was under the direction of Dr. N. A. USDA is published fortnightly for dis- Cobb of the Bureau of Plant Industry and tribution to employees only by direction of whether of cotton, hay, meats, fruits occupied a small building just west of the the Secretary of Agriculture, and with ap- and vegetables, or other agricultural present west wing of the Administration proval of the Director of the Bureau of the Building. Mr. Kause was the senior em- Budget (July 1, 1952), as containing admin- products, could be made in our own lab- ployee, in years of service in the Cotton istrative information required for the proper oratories on a basis so well standardized Branch of the Production and Marketing transaction of the public business Retirees Administration. Born in Dayton, Ohio, Mr. who write the editor requesting it may con- that it would be understood and ac- Kause entered the employ of the Department tinue to get USDA. Please write instead of cepted internationally. in 1909, and attended George Washington phoning whenever possible, for rush orders Color science has gone a long way in University, graduating with a B. S. in civil call Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre. Editor of engineering. He plans to remain in Wash- USDA, Office of Information, Department of the past 25 years, and some part of the ington, D. C. Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

O. 5. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1953 —

Staff meetings

COMMON PROBLEMS of a work unit are often solved through pooling the ideas and opinions of our employees in a staff meeting called by the supervisor. Ways to make staff meetings more use- ful and constructive are important ob- jectives of Department workers. Some new thoughts about staff meeting goals have been drawn up as part of the super- vision and management series issued by the former Federal Security Agency. Extra copies of this 4-page discussion sheet have been rerun by Office of Per- sonnel.

ment. I believe this reorganization plan Staff meetings succeed best, it is found, A word with employees would make possible greater efficiency and when two major purposes are followed: smaller expenditures. The principles and practices that I hope To give instruction or give and exchange SECRETARY BENSON discussed execu- will be observed by all employees of the information; and to permit the group Department of Agriculture can be briefly re- to tive-legislative relations and the stated as follows: consider common problems affecting sponsibilities of employees before the We will recognize and respect the interest them all. A few reasons why staff meet- of the Congress in the administration of Graduate School on April 30. Excerpts ings sometime fail dismally are listed. programs assigned to us. And we will not from his address—of which copies are question the good faith of the Congress in Instead of asking the group "What available are added herewith: its manifestations of that interest. should we do?" the supervisor should — In the administration of our programs, we clearly state the problem and give the It is now a hundred days since I assumed will observe the fact that, by constitutional my duties here in the Department of Agri- provision, the final policy decisions of this alternatives, and then ask "What do culture. In these hundred days, my respect government are made by the Congress. We you people think is the best answer?" and admiration for the employees of this shall strive forthrightly and honestly to great Department have steadily increased. carry out the decisions of the Congress. The problem advanced may be of a I say "increased," because I want to makp When we have suggestions or requests to kind that requires considerable study It plain that long before January 20th, I make, or criticisms to offer, we shall take had learned that this Department stands for them to the Congress in good faith. And and factfinding that a group as a whole something special in American life—and we shall stand ready at all times to respond can't very well handle. that its employees are exceptional both in to requests from the Congress for informa- staff not capability and in their unselfish devotion to tion or assistance. The may have had a chance duty. We shall respect the right of the Congress to think about the problem before the There is other department of the Gov- to know what this Department is doing at no staff meeting, or the necessary prelimi- ernment in which I would even have con- any time. We shall remember that the sidered taking such a position as I now Congress is not only interested in receiving nary work may not have been done. me. As I occupy—had it been offered to reports of our stewardship; it is entitled to The group may doubt the supervisor's told the President, no salary in the world therrr—and in time to act upon them. could induce me to take this Job. But the We shall exercise with care and equity sincerity in asking for their ideas. for service presented working possibilities by the rule-making authority vested in the They may suspect that he is trying to alongside the devoted men and women of Department by the Congress. This author- "sell" them a plan this Department—the potentialities for ity will be used only in furthering the by seeming to con- serving the welfare of agriculture and the understood intent of the Congress. sult them about it. He may have failed well-being of all our people—these were When we make mistakes, we shall honestly to convince them that he likes inde- the most important factors in my decision. acknowledge them and assume full respon- Despite the headaches and the heart- sibility for them. Certainly they are not pendent thinking, even if the group's aches and I have had share these past — my to be blamed on the Congress. ideas do not agree with his own. hundred days—I am glad to be here. With We shall communicate to the Congress your support and cooperation we are going through appropriate channels our estimates The supervisor may not lead the dis- serve agriculture this to American —and Na- of needs, as we sense it, in order that we cussion well enough. He may talk too tion that we love—to the utmost of our might more effectively carry out the respon- much about his own ideas or fail to ability. sibilities with which we are charged. keep I commend the Graduate School most sin- We shall strive always for the advance- attention focused on the main problem. cerely for establishing these lectures in pub- ment of American agriculture in the public finally, it this series of And is stated that while regu- lic administration. Through interest; and we shall carefully avoid all richly larly lectures, we pay a deserved tribute danger of serving as agents of selfish groups scheduled staff meetings are pre- to the memory of the late William A. Jump seeking special privileges. ferred, it is better to skip a meeting once and I. Thomas McKillop. We shall keep the welfare of the people in awhile when there is no real In paying our respects to William Jump all of the people—uppermost in our minds at need and Thomas McKillop, we are at the same all times. The supreme test of our actions to hold one. time recognizing the high level of service shall be: How will this affect the character, rendered by all the competent and loyal morale, and well-being of the people? Checking mailing lists employees of the Department of Agriculture. Observance of these principles and prac- Efficient organization is essential to good tices will, I believe, make for good legislative- In a memo to agency heads, Richard D. administration. Here, again, the legislative executive relationships in our Government Aplin, director, Departmental Administra- and executive branches of government share system. The legislative and executive tion, stresses proper revision procedures in joint interest. The Congress usually deter- branches of this Government consist of the matter of mailing lists. He cites a cir- mines the broad outlines of organization groups of sincere, hard-working men and cular letter issued by a Department agency and, by specific action, grants authority to women charged with heavy responsibilities. where in it was stated "if we do not hear the executive to effect reorganization of the We must all work together to do our job from you, we shall assume that you wish to administrative structure. The Congress now effectively. remain on our mailing list." Mr. Aplin em- has before it Reorganization Plan No. 2. phasizes that this is a violation of regula- This plan is designed to simplify and im- tions. The addressee must indicate a posi- prove the internal organization of the De- For oldtimers tive desire to receive such material, or other- partment. It would permit the establish- It is good to note that the USDA Club of wise his name is automatically dropped. See ment of a clear line of responsibility and Atlanta, Ga., makes a practice of inviting guides for circularization of mailing lists in authority from the President, through the retired employees to accept honorary mem- title 3, paragraph 75, of the USDA regula- Secretary, and along throughout the Depart- bership and a lifetime membership card. tions.

254761' -53 :

slowly permeable soils of northeastern Dollars-and-cents check Illinois, where plans called for 40 per- Nelsen heads REA cent of the cropland to be converted to IN the economics of soil ANCHER NELSEN, Administrator of the RESEARCH meadow. Sixty high-conservation farms conservation is beginning to reveal im- Rural Electrification Administration were compared with the same number of portant benefits from the all-over-the has operated a diversified 280-acre farm low-conservation farms. The study re- farm type of conservation. It points the near Hutchinson, Minn., since 1924. He vealed that the high-conservation farms way to improvements in farm planning. has long been active in 4-H club work, spent 74 cents per acre more for soil fer- It gives farmers and conservation tech- the Farm Bureau, and farmers' coopera- tility, and had 36 percent of their tillable nicians something definite to work with tive affairs. land in hay and rotation pasture com- in planning to improve the farmer's eco- Mr. Nelsen helped organize the Mc- pared with 22 percent for the others. nomic condition as well as his land. Leod Cooperative Power Association at Corn yield from the high-conservation An example of this type of research Glencoe, Minn., of which he is a director farms was 10 bushels per acre greater, is the study on the dollar-and-cents re- and vice president. He has also been and net income per acre was $5.28 greater sults of soil conservation made in Illinois vice president of the Minnesota Electric as compared with earnings on the farms during 1952, by the University of Il- Cooperative and a director of the local without conservation. linois and the Soil Conservation Service Farmers' Cooperative Elevator Associa- The total difference in net income be- cooperating. tion. He has been president of his lrca] tween the high-conservation and low- the Illinois farms studied, conser- Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company, On conservation farms in this slowly per- vation costs varied from $20 to $50 per and of the Minnesota Association of meable area for 5 years was $32.98 an acre, with limestone, phosphate, potash Mutual Insurance Companies. acre. This 5-year difference in favor of and other fertilizers approximating 75 In 1935 Mr. Nelsen was elected to conservation farming totaled $7,915 for percent of the out-of-pocket costs serve as State Senator in the Minnesota to 85 the average-sized 240-acre farm—a boon of establishing a conservation program. Legislature and was reelected to this post to farmers in this "difficult" area where The 10-year average net farm earnings biennially until 1948. In November 1952 a few years ago they did not know what of farms with conservation plans were he was elected Lieutenant Governor. to do to improve their land and their $6.26 an acre a year higher than those While a member of the State Legislature, earnings. on matched physically comparable Mr. Nelsen took an active interest in farms not having such plans. This in- legislation pertaining to markets and crease in income was approximately Cash awards in BAI marketing, dairy products, and livestock. $1,000 a year for a 160-acre farm. In addition, he has represented the Min- Changes in income varied with the con- CASH AWARDS to the following people nesota dairy industries committee at dition of the farm when the program for their suggestions submitted during Congressional hearings in Washington. started, the speed at which the program the period January 1 to March 31, 1953, He has also been active in conservation was applied, the amounts and kinds of were granted by the Bureau of Animal organizations. The new REA admini- fertilizers used, the weather, and the Industry Efficiency Awards Committee strator was born on a farm in Renville of the and operator. County, Minn., on October 11, 1904. In management owner Raymond M. Michael, Jr., Meat Inspec- It was found that conservation and tion, $50; Ernest E. Norris, Brucellosis and 1929 he married Ilo Zimmerman of Tuberculosis Eradication Division, improvement practices, such as contour- $25; E. D. Brownton, Minn. They have three Garrett, Meat Inspection, $25; Richard ing and fertilization, generally increase Armon and Robert Grayson (joint sug- children. production and income the first year. gestion), Meat Inspection, $40; J. O. Abbott, At his first public appearance before REA Meat Inspection, $25; and William M. Long, employees, Mr. Nelsen said: If the land is badly eroded and depleted, Pathological Division, $25. I want to compliment the staff of REA on however, a considerable amount of ef- the job you have done. You have helped fort, money and time must be expended make farming a desirable occupation, the farm a desirable place to live. in order to build up productivity and Shoals of scholars You have an obligation to make careful, earning power to a high level. More than 100,000 Federal employees have conscientious investment of Uncle Sam's dollar. We have a responsibility to the growing all crops, includ- attended classes at the USDA Graduate Profits from farmer. We have a greater responsibility to School since it was established in 1921. Since ing forage and pasture, were shown to 1946 more than 7,000 employees have taken the United States. The most important present consideration is the economic sta- be directly related to yields. Detailed GS courses in public administration. bility of the United States. farm cost accounting studies showed I do not care about your politics or your Statistician dies that, with corn at $1.50 per bushel and religion, your creed or your color. If you Herman A. Swedlund, agricultural statis- are doing a good job, and doing it well, that's on land valued at $200 an acre, it takes tician in charge of the office for the State of all that counts to REA. And you are doing a production of 40 bushels per acre just Washington, died suddenly late in Febru- a good job. in Mr. If you want to visit me, you will find that to "break even." As the price of corn ary. Born in Colorado 1906, Swedlund began work with the Bureau of Agricultural I am easy to talk to. You can give us the drops, larger yields are necessary. The Economics in 1933, where he served in statis- best you've got, and I'll give you the best I've got. use of soil conservation and improve- tical lines in several of the Western States. ment practices to increase yields is thus Flameproof THPC Checking the contents particularly important when prices de- The "THPC process" applied to cotton To cut out misrepresentation and save cline and production costs remain rel- fabrics by conventional methods provide ex- loss and waste, the Standard Containers atively fixed. Investment in a conser- cellent flameproofing qualities that last after Acts of 1916 and 1928 were passed by Con- more than 15 launderings. This develop- vation program paid dividends on most gress. During the past fiscal year, the Fruit ment in cooperation with the Army Quarter- and Vegetable Branch of Production and of the farms studied. On some farms master Corps comes from the Southern Re- Marketing Administration examined 1,925 gional Research Laboratory at New Orleans. it changed the farm business from a samples of 293 types and sizes of fruit and The process of manufacture of this flame- vegetable containers. They found 69 that losing to a paying proposition. proof chemical is inexpensive by a technique needed correction and of these 58 were cor- A special study was made to determine feasible in commercial production. Wilson rected by the year's end. Cutting berry box A. Reeves and John D. Guthrie, Cotton chem- sizes from the 44 in former use down to 3 of soil the results conservation on the ical Processing Division, did this work. standard sizes today is one result.

USDA: June 3, 1953 stems. But where fire removes the pro- Rainfall under trees tective ground litter at the base of trees Brief and choice the stemflow water often becomes sur- HOW FORESTS conserve rainfall by face runoff. And finally, the stemflow Farm safety week concentrating falling water where con- makes more water available to the trees President Eisenhower's Proclamation call- the Nation to observe the week ditions are ideal for its entry and stor- than would be the case if rain reached ing upon beginning July 19 as National Farm Safety age has been an old argument made in the soil with uniform distribution. Week marks the tenth year in which this behalf of suitable forest cover and fire program has been sponsored by the National Safety Council and the Department of Agri- of the Forest prevention. However, one culture in cooperation with States and agri- Service's associated experiment sta- Readers' reminders cultural organizations. tions—the Southeast Forest Experiment Visual aids workshop Station, Asheville, N. C.—has issued a REA bulletins Participation in the second Federal Visual study on the interception of rainfall on Rural Electrification Administration has its publications of a non- Aids Worshop, May 11-15, was extended this uses a general list of a young loblolly pine stand which technical nature which are available without year to schools in the Washington metro- language that any grade pupil could charge. Most of the titles are devoted to politan area, as well as Federal workers. It subjects on electric farming and consumer was sponsored by the Federal Personnel to tell the same old story understand— relations. Requests for the current lists Council and the American University. Com- in a way that sticks. should be sent direct to REA here. mercial and Governmental exhibits were arranged, with subject matter pointed to- Foresters tell you that the net rainfall Dramatic cicadas ward the interests of professional visual and that reaches the ground under a tree informational workers as well as teachers No other insect in North America excites of these subjects. A nominal registration canopy is made up of two parts—the the wonder and causes the misconceptions fee was charged and sessions ran both after- portion which is led straight down the that mark the springtime appearance of the noons and evenings. trunk or main stem, known as "stem- cicadas or "17-year locusts." Bureau of En- tomology and Plant Quarantine have issued Payroll savings flow"; and that which falls through the a circular dated May 1953 to instruct ob- leaves or drips from the twigs, called servers of this buzz-saw voiced invader. Summaries of the Department's payroll Copies of Leaflet No. 340, 8 pages, "The Peri- savings plan for purchase of Government of each "throughfall." Another part odical Cicada," may be had irom Inquiries bonds indicate that for the 7 pay periods rainfall is caught and stored in the and Distribution Service, Office of Informa- ending March 14, 1953, the percentage of the percent. branches before they become tion. total payroll deduction was 2.8 leaves and The percentage of employees participating saturated, and this is eventually evapo- New sugar beet varieties was 31.2 percent—highest being in the Com- modity Exchange Authority, at 79.5 percent. rated. It is this holding process and Dewey Stewart, senior agronomist with the In the Department and in the field force, the water thus dissipated that foresters Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agri- 16,543 employees invested under this plan. cultural Engineering, reports hybrids from "interception." Naturally, the know as crosses between one-seeded and multiple- trainees busy arrangement of the foliage and its den- seeded sugar beets that develop as one-seeded MSA varieties which are resistant to leaf spot and sity varies with the species, and what With nine Mutual Security Agency short possibly to black root. Designed to aid pro- courses for foreign trainees started in April, loblolly pine is is found with regard to ducers in the Great Lakes humid area, these a farm radio short course begun in May, and not usually indicative of the net rainfall hybrids give real promise. Ask USDA Editor four added courses scheduled to start in for No. 985. June, the extended training schedule is well beneath tree stands of other species. under way. Besides 28 courses for foreign The pine tract studied for net rainfall Mosquito mists trainees under MSA sponsorship, 15 other short courses are being planned for those measurement grew from 1-year seed- Recommended uses of paint sprayers and coming under Point 4. USDA and State col- portable mist blowers against mosquito lings planted in 1941. There were 760 leges of agriculture cooperate in this activity. plagues in mountain summer-resort areas breast-high diame- trees per acre with a are set forth in a variety of ways in a ter of about 5 inches and average height new circular by the Bureau of Entomology USDA club doings and Plant Quarantine. DDT, allethrin or of 31 feet. The total projected crown E. R. Draheim, Administrative Officer, Of- pyrethrum are listed among the best chem- fice of Personnel, asks that more items about area, based on sample trees, was over for residual sprays. Write BEPQ for icals current doings of the USDA Clubs be used Circular EC-26. 25,000 square feet per acre. This indi- in USDA. He promises to submit such news cated that only 58 percent of the ground items from time to time and wants persons Urban conservation lessons in the field to do likewise. The April issue surface in the plantation was directly Four teaching outlines on conservation of the "USDA Club Exchange," by Pers car- below the tree crowns. Gages were used education have been prepared in a series Dy ries a message by Secretary Benson who said he was well aware of the worthwhile con- to measure rainfall through the tree the Soil Conservation Service. The newest one refers to six grades of urban elementary tributions which USDA Clubs are making canopy and also in the open. Stemflow schools. Others deal with teaching outlines toward improving employee's service to the was diverted and measured on enough in high schools and junior high schools, as public. well as rural elementary schools. Stress has sample on which to base trees for a been placed on teaching conservation in 4-H Club camp calculations. urban schools as in no other way can the social and economic significance of this "Know Your Government" is the theme of interception of Less than expected subject be presented to them well. It is the 23d National 4-H Club Camp slated for rainfall occurred in the tests. This designed to fit into any of the numerous Washington, D. C, from June 17 to 24. that now emphasize conservation. Each State Extension Director has been asked in the conclusion that on an courses resulted to select four 4-H club members and two annual basis the net rainfall averaged Fire control notes adult State leaders to attend it. Most of meetings will be held in the Depart- about 86 percent of the rain that fell on the If you want to know more about the tech- mental Auditorium on Constitution Avenue, the open ground beyond the tree canopy. niques of forest fire control, the April issue as the National 4-H Club Center at Chevy Control Notes" by the Forest Serv- Even less than the percentage inter- of "Fire Chase is not yet available. ice is now available. The table of contents cepted beneath the trees occurred dur- includes such subjects as: Statistical fire Honor USDA films ing heavy rains. The foresters found occurrence prediction as a psychological tool fire prevention; a portable light for fire- Two films produced by the Motion Pictures that reduction in surface runoff in this in fighting tractors; a "Dr. Pepper" fire-report- Service of the Department were awarded case is not due to intercepted rain but ing system; and items about Smokey Bear. certificates of exhibition at a ceremony in Interior lately. The to improved conditions for intake of Copies can be purchased from the Super- the Department of the intendent of Documents. Government Print- films which were shown at the Edinburgh in the soil. Much of the rainfall water ing Office, Washington 25, D. C, for 20 cents Film Festival last year are "River Run" and reaches the ground as flow down the per copy. "The Telephone and the Farmer."

USDA: June 3, 2953 —

Silver beaver award Edminster transfers Aamodt busy abroad

Forest Ranger Edward Engstrom, Region 3, Talcott W. Edminster has been transferred Dr. O. S. Aamodt, Point 4 technical as- United States Forest Service, was awarded the from Blacksburg, Va., to the Agricultural sistance specialist for the Bureau of Plant "silver beaver" highest honor trophy in Boy Research Center, Beltsville, Md., as a project Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineer- Scouting at Santa Fe, N. Mex.. last month. leader in agricultural engineering. Mr. Ed- ing, is working on pasture and fodder crop He is commissioner of the Taos Boy Scout minister received the W. A. Jump Memorial development and is visiting Portugal, Leba- District and highly regarded as a leader of Award 2 years ago for meritorious Federal non, Jordan, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, and Italy. junior activities. service achievements Prison uses extension circular Grievance against garbage Skidmore leaves FS An Illinois Extension Service bulletin by D. M. Hall, "What, Why, How, Share in Feeding raw garbage to livestock is a Stanley Skidmore retired from the Timber We Group Action," is being used in adult strong factor in spreading such diseases as Mechanics Division, U. S. Forest Products educa- tion activity carried on hog cholera, trichinosis, Newcastle poultry Laboratory, Madison, Wis., on April 30 after by the San Quentin Prison in California. Herman Spector, disease, tuberculosis and erysipelas as well more than 40 years of service. His father, K. prison librarian, in requesting the as swine vesicular exanthema. Get your copy Henry Skidmore, was also a memoer of the publca- tion, said that 1,588 were taking of the latest digest of this subject by asking Laboratory staff previously. In his work men aca- demic courses and some of are the Bureau of Animal Industry for "Raw v.ith evaluation of wood strength, Mr. Skid- them organ- ized in study groups, to Garbage Spreads Animal Disease." more saw the Madison institution grow from whom the extension will a staff of 84 persons in 1917 as well as its bulletin be useful. extensive service during two World Wars. Grain marketing ideas Heads engineering course grain marketing W. B. Combs, extension Obsolete forms J. P. Schaenzer, Rural Electrification Ad- Service, specialist with the Federal Extension ministration, is the new chairman of the of the Department agencies has pre- is author of a special analysis of good meth- One committee on engineering, Department of its office managers relative ods in making an extension grain marketing pared a guide for Technology, USDA Graduate School. He to obsolete forms. Manual holders are re- program effective. It's issued by the Division succeeds Thomas B. Chambers, who is being quested to dispose of forms listed to be of Agricultural Economics in the Extension transferred to the Spartanburg, S. C, office sorting of Service. It also lists the State extension destroyed. Employees doing the of the Soil Conservation Service. As a mem- specialist active in grain marketing. files and stockrooms are warned to make ber of the engineering committee of the sure they are right before discarding any Graduate School since 1949, Mr. Schaenzer materials. There are 252 pages in the docu- YOU are the Federal service with Hans S. Hoiberg developed courses in ment and if carefully followed should result the principles of electricity and fundamen- filing available. The TJ. S. Civil Service Commission's pub- in making more space tals of telephony. lication entitled "Public Relations for Gov- ernment Employees" offers some comments 60,000 azaleas Bruce to Olympic that point up the employee's part in agency public relations. It says that public rela- Sixty thousand brilliant Glenn Dale hy- Mason B. Bruce, Division of Timber Man- tions is everybody's business as the acts and brid azaleas in massive color bands along agement, is the new manager of the Olympic attitudes of employees make or break good the contours of the hills of the U. S. Na- National Forest in Washington State. He public relations. Public relations, they re- tional Arboretum in northeast Washington, replaces Carl B. Neal. who retired in mind us, is everything you do, and not just D. C, attract thousands of sightseers each February. A graduate of the New York a news release, a speech, or an annual report. April. These hardy, large-flowering azaleas State College of Forestry, Mr. Bruce was For copies, write Civil Service Assembly, 1313 originate from selections made from 75,000 foreman of a Civilian Conservation Corps East 60th Street, Chicago, 111. plants bred from diverse types, and are and later was a ranger in national forests called a living memorial to B. Y. Morrison, of New Hampshire, West Virginia, and Ver- mont. He also served as budget officer for Electric moisture meter formerly director of the National Arboretum and head of the Division of Plant Explora- the Eastern Region of the Forest Service. The United States official grain standards tion and Introduction. determine moisture content of barley, oats and rye by the air oven method. Since its Dr. Severin Fladness Mercerized cotton test use is not always practical, electric moisture Dr. Severin O. Fladness, 68, assistant chief, testers are commonly used instead. Re- Research workers at the Southern Regional Bureau of Animal Industry, died on May 5. vised charts based on comparisons between Research Laboratory at New Orleans have An authority on all phases of livestock the air oven and the Tag-Heppenstall elec- perfected a new apparatus for the experi- diseases and regulatory work, he began his tric moisture meter are issued by the Grain mental mercerization of cotton yarn so as to lifelong career with USDA in 1906 as an Branch of the Production and Marketing Ad- foretell the types or varieties of cotton most inspector. Dr. Fladness took a leading part ministration. These new charts are sup- suitable for commercial mercerization. in most of the Bureau's eradication accom- plied to all licensed grain inspectors and Mercerization gives cotton permanent luster, plishments. He had worked in six outbreaks supervisors. makes it easier to dye and produces brighter of foot-and-mouth disease in this country and richer shades. Use of the apparatus and played a big part in directing its eradi- will aid spinners, buyers and cotton breeders Credit for farm purchases cation in Mexico from 1947 to 1952. Re- in getting advance knowledge of the response cently he had been heading up a wide The proportion of farm real estate pur- of various cottons to mercerization. Asso- campaign against vesicular exanthema of chases financed by credit stood at an 8-year ciated in this work are Charles F. Goldthwait, swine. Dr. Fladness was graduated from high point in the year ending March 1953. Alton L. Murphy, Idas W. Lohmann, a.nd the Chicago Veterinary College in 1912 and The Bureau of Agricultural Economics Herbert O. Smith. practiced his profession in Iowa before join- states that the proportion of cash sales ing the Department in 1913. He was declined in all areas and at 32.5 percent of assigned in 1930 to visit South Price support advice American all farm sales, was the lowest since estimates countries to study their livestock situation, started in 1946. Values of farm real estate When the egg industry advisory group met and he was stationed in supervisory capaci- drifted generally lower during the 4 months with USDA officials recently, they expressed ties at several field offices of the BAI. He ending last March, the Bureau states. almost unanimous opposition to price sup- was born in Norway and came to this country port, surplus removal, or subsidy programs with his parents as an infant. IFYE sailings for eggs. Instead, they urged that the in- dustry itself continue to adjust the supply The first three ship sailing dates for em- of eggs to the demand through continued JUNE 3, 1953 Vol. XII, No. 11 barkation of United States delegates in the improvement in efficiency of production and International Farm Youth Exchange are marketing. Similar recommendations were USDA is published fortnightly for distribu- announced by the sponsors of the program made by the turkey industry conference after tion to employees only, by direction of the the National 4-H Club Foundation and the pointing out that the 1953 production of Secretary of Agriculture, and with approval Cooperative Extension Service: June 12, mature heavy turkeys should be reduced of the Director of the Bureau of the Budget from New York on the S. S. Conte Bian- about 12 to 15 percent below last season's (July 1, 1952), as containing administrative camano, 19 persons bound for Greece, Israel, record crop. They said that unless the tur- information required for the proper transac- Lebanon, Syria, Portugal, Switzerland, and key industry makes the necessary downward tion of the public business. Retirees who Turkey; June 16, from Montreal aboard the adjustment, no surplus removal program write the editor requesting it, may continue Anna Salen, 27 persons bound for Nor- for turkeys should be considered for the S. S. to get USDA. Please write instead of phon- way and Sweden, Austria, Denmark, Finland, 1953 crop. As a followup to these recom- ing whenever possible; for rush orders call and Germany; June 24, from New York on mendations, Secretary Benson has issued a Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of the S. S. Georgic, 30 persons bound for statement warning turkey growers not to Netherlands, Belgium, England, Wales, Ire- depend on price supports unless they use USDA, Office of Information, Department of land, France, Luxembourg, Scotland, and self-discipline in holding turkey numbers Agriculture, Washington 25. D. C.

Tunisia. in line with prospective demand. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1953 '

Aiken to employees I SHARE THIS COPY^ EXCERPTS FROM the main address of the day at the USDA Honor Awards cere- l mony on May 19 by Senator George D. fyw l Aiken of Vermont give us an idea of his attitude of appreciation for the stand- &# ? ards established and the performance rendered by our rank and file: ... I was impressed with the fact that many of the persons receiving these awards are from the field. This is clear evidence that Washington is not, as some seem to believe, the sole repository of ability, knov. -how, and FOR JUNE 17, 1953 beneficence to mankind. An important concomitant of these awards is the psychological effect reports of this ceremony will have upon the public gener- timbers of Yucca brevifolia have been ally. Many who have come to regard public officials with suspicion and distrust will Useful yuccas found in ancient cliff dwellings while doubtless think more kindly of government twine and fiber made from yucca, and service YUCCA PLANTS of the dry Southwest when they become acquainted with determined to be about 2,000 years old, the full import of this occasion. are valuable vegetation soil to supply en- Today there is a special challenge con- were found in Canyon del Muerto ruins, richment protection for small animals, fronting those who are working to better the Arizona. living of the farmers of America. and grazing for cattle, while their fibers Probably the largest original large- Can we maintain a prosperous agriculture and juice are often used industrially. without war? Are we to go from one arti- scale use of the plant in the United States But Cytologist John Milton Webber, ficial method to another in an effort to do this? Division was during the drought from 1916 to USDA's of Cotton and Other From 1932 to 1940, we tried plowing under 1919, when the dead leaves were burned Fiber Crops and Diseases, after many crops—restricting planting—marketing pen- off yuccas and the plants cut and chopped alties support prices and cash payments. years of intense botanical and economic — for silage. Supplemented with concen- Yet, immediately prior to World War II, study of all varieties of yucca, says that hogs were selling for 5 cents a pound, beef trate meals, the yucca silage was of real its future is dim. Despite its huge con- for 7 cents, cotton for less than 10 cents and the dairy farmer was getting 15 cents an centration value in maintaining herds. While in in areas possible for harvest- hour for his own time. After 8 years of recent years the most extensive use of ing and utilization, the failure of the emergency methods, farmers' income was yucca has been in fiber production, its only at subsistence levels. yucca plant to reproduce well and its de- juice as a base in liquid fertilizer has World War II made farming prosperous, struction by man makes its outlook but only at a price paid in human lives and assist penetration gloomy, he believes. been found to water suffering. An artificial prosperity can at in heavy soils to reduce surface tension best be only temporary. Yuccas in grow areas of moderate pre- Again in early 1950, agriculture began to of irrigation water, and to promote soil cipitation and moderate to low tempera- feel the effects of declining purchasing flocculation to a marked degree. power, only to be pulled out of this by tures as well as in the mountain slopes slump But self-sterility and cross-pollination the Korean War. Again this war-borne pros- of the deserts and semiarid zones with perity has proven to be only temporary, add to the insecurity of many species cloudless days, low rainfall, high tem- costly, and illusionary. We can continue along the course of pro- peratures and low humidity. According of yuccas, Mr. Webber concludes. The moting agricultural income through legisla- short-lived Joshua tree has been wanton- to Mr. Webber, they occur near sea level tive action. To a certain extent we will have ly burned and hacked by campers, and to do this. in southern California to 8,000 or more grazing sheep and goats and other farm Such means, however, should be used feet elevation in Colorado. Except for mainly to provide time while scientists, enterprise have combined to destroy Yucca elata and Y. glauca, the plants of chemists, plant and animal breeders, agrono- many of the species that mists, marketing specialists and other ex- the plains and valleys are thinly scat- made the yucca perts meet the challenge in the field of per- such a distinctive object in the West. tered or in small dense patches. Y. elata Old manent advancements. thorough description of the and Y. glauca commonly occur in belts A yuccas Government controls are no substitute for the test tube, and giveway programs can- extending for with both economic and botanical dis- many miles. not permanently meet the need for sound, cussions of the varieties, In connection with a survey during well illustrated, orderly and adequate marketing practices, is found in Agriculture Monograph No. both domestically and abroad. World War II to determine the volume I use the word "abroad" because no farm 17, for sale by the Superintendent of of raw materials that might be harvested program for the United States can be prop- Documents, Government Printing Office, from the denser growing areas of south- erly devised and carried out without giving at 50 cents a copy. consideration to world conditions today. western yuccas, Mr. Webber found the The work of the United States Department largest concentration to be in the vicin- of Agriculture has already done much to raise the standards of living in other lands. ity of Cima, Calif., covering 165 square Parker to India Through the Technical Assistance Programs miles, with an estimated yield of more and the Office of Foreign Agricultural Serv- Dr. Frank W. Parker, USDA director of soils ice, I look for far greater benefits to be de- than 63,000 tons in fresh leaves and 110,- research, will serve as agricultural adviser to rived in this direction. the Ministry of Pood and Agriculture of the 800 tons of fresh crowns. Other remark- As the world comes to rely more upon our Indian Government. He will join the For- in this field so will you, the ably large concentrated growths are eign Agricultural Service as chief agricultur- cooperation em- ployees of the Department of Agriculture, be noted in the White Hill and Fresnal Can- ist in the Technical Cooperation Administra- called upon to greater effort in your tion for India. He had been to India in own yon district of Arizona, in the Railroad work. The contribution you can make to 1951 and 1952, working on soils research and world stability is of untold extent. I have Mountain area of New Mexico, and ad- fertilizer procurement. His new work puts no fear that you will fail. jacent to Calhan, Kiowa, and Monu- him in charge of all" TCA programs in India. He served as head of soils research at Belts- ment, Colo. ville (Md.) Research Center of USDA and Send your name to the Graduate as Assistant Chief Plant Soils, Early southwest Indian and Mexican of Industry, School for Catalog and Course An- and Agricultural Engineering for 6 years. cultures found yucca useful. Beams and He leaves for his assignment in August. nouncement. 257206°—53 —

to prevent the deterioration of irriga- Thickening rivers tion water quality, and farmers often Said on the side have to use water of higher salt content HOW MUCH history of the West was MAKING ADJUSTMENTS has been cus- than desirable, limiting their choice of "writ in water" was summed up suc- tomary, albeit a painful necessity, to crops to the more salt tolerant and mak- cinctly at a March meeting of the Amer- most of the persons who have spent their ing leaching and good drainage neces- ican Chemical Society at Los Angeles by quiet lives in our old valley. From the sary. Dr. Lloyd V. Wilcox, Assistant Director raw and troublesome times of its orig- "Therefore," he says, "the problem of of the U. S. Salinity Laboratory of River- inal settlement, those who cast their lot the deterioration of irrigation water side, Calif. Dr. Wilcox set out to talk on with the husbandmen along our valley quality because of use and reuse is of the quality of water used for irrigation, were constantly faced with all manner great economic importance." a matter that he said "was given little of obstacles which challenge and perplex thought during the early years of irriga- the pioneer. Floods came roaring down the usually peaceful tion development." Work scoring river and wrecked "But now," he continued, "it has be- homes and farms into which had gone come a matter of great interest, possibly PERFORMANCE RATING used numerous daydreams and many labors, due in part to the changes in quality that throughout the Government is under fond hopes and anxious planning. have taken place in certain water sup- study by a committee of the Federal Per- Surely here was a bitter dose that took a plies." Some of these changes, he said, sonnel Council, as well as by others. In strong community to accept and over- have resulted from upstream diversions a preliminary report it was observed that come. But finally the remedies were and drainage returns from irrigated "summary ratings under the present forthcoming and resolves turned to real- ity, so that in fields—adding up to a smaller quantity system lose all significance because ob- what seemed to be a short of water containing a higher salt con- viously, when 99.8 percent of the em- time (except to those who managed the tent for downstream users. ployees are rated 'satisfactory' no rating miracle) the features of the region again The effects of repeated use and reuse in the real meaning of the word has resumed their normal shape and life be- of water and withdrawals upstream, ac- taken place." gan once more where torrents laid it low. cording to Dr. Wilcox, are to cut down The committee of the FPC stated that Sometimes there were utter crop failures in dry quantity and quality at the same time. not only is incentive generally lacking seasons, and all the spring tasks "The diversion and returning of the under such a system, bi.t its effect may so bravely begun came to naught, and water may be repeated many times along often be an actual deterrent to superior they faced a winter of reviving faith and a large river * * * and all of the chem- accomplishments. They also point out new adjustments. Ravaging pests and ical changes render the water less suit- that a typical check showed that about plant diseases likewise tortured the able for reuse." C.01 percent of the employees received an farmers at intervals so that they felt The Rio Grande was one example used "outstanding" rating. The committee helpless without the strong arm of sci- ence to by Dr. Wilcox to show by means of fig- believes that this is because supervisors aid them in their extremity. ures from the Salinity Laboratory and interpret the rules as now in force to be Marketing projects came into being with various other sources how use and re- unattainable, or else they do not care to a loud hurrah and several hozannas, only use thicken up the water. In 1949, used attempt to prepare the necessary detailed to be bitten with neglect or bad manage- as a typical year, this river increased in justification for granting an "outstand- ment. Here again the crying need was salt concentration to a degree scarcely ing" rating. for adjustments, not for quitting. A credible to those unacquainted with irri- In regard to the "unsatisfactory" rat- time to plan well, to build for everyone, not for a few. did it gation problems. ing, the FPC committee said that it can And they because for a century From a location a little south and west be used to discharge an employee with adjustments were the main regulators of the center of New Mexico, Otowi work below standards. However, such a of their lives. A man who stands and kicks can't climb, Bridge, to a place a little beyond El Paso, rating may be given only under a specific they said. Adjustments were part of their destiny roughly 300 miles down the river, the in- 90-day warning and is subject to two and their balance wheel. crease in dissolved salts in the water was appeals. Yet the general regulations also Perhaps the chief reason for is more than twelvefold, from 0.28 ton per provide for action at any time to effect this that there are valley acre-foot to 3.58 tons per acre-foot. removals for unsatisfactory performance many times more farm folks young and old lying in eternal By the time the flow has reached El without the formality of a job rating and — rest on Shooter's Hill than there are active oper- Paso, says Dr. Wilcox, most of the water minus warnings and appeals for non- 'ators of the farmsteads now. for has been used up. "As the flow de- veterans, other than such as may nor- And every one of those lives that ended and creases the concentration increases, so mally be used under an agency's griev- for everyone who had a personal loss the salt burden is nearly constant from ance procedures. and mourned greviously there had to be, station to station along the river. * * * In seeking improvements in perform- under God's love, a solemn adjustment The tonnage of salt returned in the ance rating, some suggest that no agency made. Hence they look to the work of drainage water must be about equal to bs required by law to make them, but that the future and the plans of the living, the salt diverted from the river by the supervisory and personnel people single remembering this was the way that all irrigators, for, otherwise, the salt-burden out capable employees and reward them the other deadly enemies were conquered value would vary and probably decrease properly and pick out the ones whose whenever troubles came to our old valley. in downstream order." work is unsatisfactory and give them due It appears, he says, that several irri- warning to do better or else face dis- Crop insurance head gated areas along the Rio Grande are charge. Charles S. Laldlaw, Sr., Minneapolis, is the keeping an approximate salt balance. Readers who do not share such opin- new manager of the Federal Crop Insurance This was for a typical year for the river. ions about this performance-rating sys- Corporation. Mr. Laidlaw replaces C. B. FunderBurk, who served as acting manager Dr. Wilcox says there is no simple way tem are welcome to contribute. of the corporation for about 30 days.

2 USDA: JUNE 17,1953 f,tAj/frr*-*

1 Dr. Bacon dies editor Author and Readers reminders Dr. Charles Walter Bacon, plant physiolo- gist and chemist who conducted research on MANY SCIENTISTS have been perusing New red raspberry the improvement of tobacco for 42 years in opinions the Department, died suddenly March 19 at the clashing about editing The Oregon Agricultural Experiment Sta- his home, 4312 Yuma Street NW., Washing- appearing in Science, tion and announce a new variety of manuscripts issued USDA ton, D. C. Widely known for his studies of red raspberry. It is the Canby, suitable for weekly by the American Association for tobacco-curing processes, he published the fresh market and the frozen pack. many technical papers in his field. He be- the Advancement of Science. It all Adapted for growing deep, loose, well- on longed to the American Chemical Society drained soils, the Canby is superior to other started with a strong protest by an en- and numerous other scientific organizations. commercial varieties suited to the Pacific He was born at Worcester, Mass., in 1886, tomologist about material submitted to Northwest. Ask USDA Editor for No. 1164. and took degrees at Clark University. Dr. the Quarterly Review of Biology, which Bacon is survived by his wife and twin works on a very tight schedule and whose Rust host eradicator daughters. editors are unsalaried and do their work MCP is a new hormone type of herbicide Harold Hedges dies that has been shown to be effective in kill- unofficial time. quote con- on We two ing rust spreading barberry bushes in heav- Harold Hedges, 57, Chief of the Coopera- trary attitudes in brief from this con- ily infested areas. Control operations against tive Research and Service Division, Farm this host plant should be con- Credit Administration, died suddenly on troversy: of stem rust siderably sped up by using this chemical at May 18 at his home in Chevy Chase, Md. Mr. Hedges was born and raised in Nebraska on I have always maintained as fundamental a cost of treatment much less than normal. a farm near Indianola. He graduated from the author's right to the presentation of his More about this new weapon in the barberry the University of Nebraska and took ad- arguments as he sees them, subject only to battle may be had by asking VSDA Editor vanced work in agricultural economics at the correction of errors of statement or di- for No. 1052. Minnesota University. He worked on farm rect misuse of English. If, as the editors in management in South Dakota, did a pioneer this case admit, 54.4 percent of the 287 Big feed recipes study on livestock marketing in Nebraska, changes made in the manuscript in question New groups of recipes for quantity service taught at Kansas State College, and spent 9 were allowed to stand over the author's pro- meals, developed and tested for use in restau- years at Nebraska University doing rural eco- test made after seeing them for the first rants, hospitals, college dining halls and nomics research. After 2 years as secretary time in type they are obligated to publish — — other institutional food-dispensing places, of the Omaha Bank for Cooperatives, he one or the other of the explantory state- have been issued as Pa-223 in the quantity transferred to the FCA office in Washington, ments suggested by them, using that which food service series by the Bureau of Human D. C, in charge of grain studies. During the the author prefers. Nutrition and Home Economics. Soups, war he took leave of absence to work with This unfortunate and sweeping exercise main dishes, vegetable salad, muffins, and the National Committee for Farm Produc- of editorial power brings into focus some- desserts are included. The recipe research tion Supplies. The American Farm Econom- thing that has been hanging like the sword was done by Georgia Schlosser, Velma Chap- ics Association and Alpha Zeta Fraternity Damocles over the biological world, i. e., of man, and Eleanor Geissenhainer. claimed him as a leading member and Mr. the regimentation and bureaucratic tenden- Hedges was chairman of the research and cies which are endeavoring to mold and education committee of the American Insti- standardize the scientific media in this coun- Curtains for the cutworm tute of Cooperation. His wife and two sons try. Suggestions on suitable dusts, the right survive him. Now for one of the writers who thinks preparation of sprays, and the use of poison bait against the ordinary cutworm are con- opposite about the editorial prerog- tained in Home and Garden Bulletin No. 29. Brief choice It's the work of the Division of Truck Crop and atives : and Garden Insect Investigations, Bureau of Mark Nichols to Auburn My experience has been that the author has Entomology and Plant Quarantine. Send to a limited command of English, has not been Inquiries and Distribution Service, Office of Dr. Mark L. Nichols is now in charge of the exposed soon enough to competent editorial Information here U. S. Tillage Laboratory, Auburn, Ala. He work, thinks his method of expression is the was a leader in setting up that institution in only possible correct method, and resents That rose garden 1935. Previous to that he was professor of every change as if the change were trans- agricultural engineering at Alabama Poly- lations into a foreign language. To such an Issued as a new and complete revision of technic Institute. In recent years Dr. author, an extensive vocabulary and a an old Farmers' Bulletin, the new edition of Nichols has been doing research for the Soil method of expression different from his own "Roses for the Home" is by Emsweller, Mc- Conservation Service. actually are a foreign language. Clellan and Smith, Department authorities Most technical journals already have more on ornamental plants and their culture and Pastors study conservation manuscripts than they can publish. Publi- protection against insects and diseases. Its attractive 38 pages with pictures carries the The ministers of 38 North Carolina cation in a standard journal is a favor to an churches for Negro congregations recently author. Every person reads the printed rose enthusiast through rose classifications, who attended a 6-week course in soil and water * * * soils and culture, propagation, and many de- article shows the author equal courtesy. conservation held N. with tails about ways to combat the worst enemies at Wadesboro, C, A competent editor defends the reader from John M. Jones. Negro soil conservationist, In the author and also the author from him- of this "queen of flowers." It will start old- timers and newcomers through refresher charge. As a result some of the sermons of self—and once in a blue moon gets thanks courses in teas, florabundas, polyan- these active pastors in rural areas will stress for doing so. hybrid thas, ramblers, and tree or trailing roses. stewardship of the soil. Write direct for your copy to the Office of Honor for Stiebeling Information, USDA, Washington 25, D. C. CCC storage volume Ask for Home and Garden Bulletin No. 25. As of June 30, 1952, the Commodity Credit The Ohio State Legislature last March Corporation owned storage bins with a ca- passed a resolution to commend Dr. Hazel Our task pacity of 548 million bushels. It also had an K. Stiebeling for receiving the DSDA dis- extra 76 million bushels of capacity avail- tinguished service award in 1952. Miss Excerpt from an address by Secretary Ben- able under its storage use and guarantee Stiebeling, a native of Ohio and Chief of the son before the National Farm Ranch Con- deal. At that time loans made and out- Bureau of Human Nutrition and Home Eco- gress, Denver, Colo., April 7: "The farmer standing commitments on building farm nomics, received a scroll bearing the recog- asks for, and should have, a fair chance to storage capacities equaled 126 million bush- in field of fair competi- nition, which paid tribute to her and the make his own way a els from the start of this program. The Bureau she directs for wide influence in tion. He should have reasonable 4ssurance loans averaged 28.6 cents per bushel of should have human betterment. of stability in the economy. He capacity. opportunity for education and have available Poultry menus popular the results of research that will enable him Personnel data to do an efficient job of feeding and clothing W. D. Termohlen, head of the Poultry the people of this great land. Our task is Separations of full-time USDA personnel Branch of the Production and Marketing Ad- to see that he has these opportunities in an for last April for those within the United ministration, reviews figures that show an atmosphere of freedom, with a minimum of States amounted to 1,193, or 2.2 percent. In important gain in consumption of poultry Government regulation and control. Our the Washington, D. C, area the separations products between 1909 and 1951. These fig- challenge is to make and keep America were 124 and in the field the separations ures show, he says, that red meat intake has strong—economically, socially, and above all, numbered 1,069, or 2.4 percent. Full-time declined by more than 16 pounds per capita morally and spiritually sound. Only in this employment as of April 30 numbered 56,412, and milk products intake by 4 pounds. Eggs course is there safety for the greatest nation of which there were 46,809 in the field and and poultry products, on the other hand, under heaven. God grant that we may not 9,609 within the Washington metropolitan have gained 30 pounds. fail." area. Part-time employment was 13,541.

USDA JUNE 17, 1953 Retirement Testing fence posts Irrigation's part Mrs. Julia B. Wilkinson, Research and Sta- J. S. McKnight, Southern Forest Experi- Irrigation plays no small part in the total tistical Division, Fruit and Vegetable Branch, ment Station, New Orleans, reports results of agricultural output of the Nation, says the Production and Marketing Administration, a treatment experiment with a hot bath of Bureau of Agricultural Economics, in a state- retired on April 30 after a period of more coal-tar creosote and fuel oil applied to var- ment by Elco Greenshields. About one- than 18 years in USDA. ious hardwood species. He states that posts eighth of the United States crop production of overcup oak, bitter pecan, persimmon, depends either all or partly upon irrigation Killoran retires sweetgum, hackberry, American elm, and red on about one-sixteenth of the total harvested A career with USDA that began in Rhode maple have lasted for 10 years after treat- cropland. Even in the humid areas farmers Island and spanned a continent and 47 years ment without a single failure. The poorest are making more use of sprinkler systems, it of duty ended June 1 when Meat Inspector term of service as posts have come from wil- is pointed out. J. J. Killoran retired. Mr. Killoran is said low and cottonwood. to be the last of the original meat inspection Woodland refreshment force to quit. He was named during the According to Moseman The Forest Service estimates another big Theodore Roosevelt administration in 1906 Remarkable progress has been made in the year of sightseeing and recreation in the 153 is today hearty 68 years. is a native national and a He past decade in reducing labor for various forests. Actual registrations for of Cambridge, Mass., and has been stationed recreational use of the crops. In 1940 it took 47 man-hours to pro- forests numbered in Providence, Buffalo, Cleveland, Los duce 100 bushels of wheat, and today only 33,006,885 persons in 1952, added to which Angeles, and San Francisco. resides He at 31 hours. Growing and harvesting 100 another estimated 84,000,000 enjoyed casual Burlingame, Calif. sightseeing bushels of corn took 83 man-hours before trips through the national for- ests. The three leading national forests in World War II, and now it can be done in 45 Cole promoted public usage last year were the Wasatch hours. In 1940 it took 191 man-hours to of Utah, Mount Hood in Melvin V. Cole has been advanced from grow a bale of cotton, whereas today only 143 Oregon, and the Pike Forest in Colorado. head of the employee relations section of the man-hours are required on the average. Farmers Home Administration to chief of Capital for farming the Administrative Services division. Mr. Chemicals and containers Cole has been with the FHA since its organi- An annual increase in new capital for The workers in pest and plant disease con- zation and served as personnel officer in the agriculture of around 1 percent per year trol are assembling data on the effect of Portland and San Francisco regional offices. should be sufficient to maintain and gradu- many new pest control chemicals on equip- He came to the national office in 1947. ally increase our farm productivity, writes ment used in applying them to plants and Claude Prichard, formerly field representa- O. V. Wells, Chief of the Bureau of Agricul- soils. Some of them attack rubber, galva- tive in the personnel division, takes over the tural Economics, in Farm Policy Forum of nized steel, zinc and aluminum. Tanks, employee relations work which Mr. Cole per- Iowa State College, March 1953. He says hose and pumps often show bad wear and formed. this is about the same rate that new capital corrosion. The cause and effect of using additions have been made since 1940, but these chemicals and the use of specific coat- Eisenmenger retires double the rate of the 1920-40 era. At ings and stainless steel to afford more re- A. E. Eisenmenger, inspector in charge of present prices this need for new capital in sistance in containers and equipment are Federal meat inspection work at Bushnell, farming would run about iy2 billion dollars among the existing projects under way co- HI., has retired after 35 years of service. He annually, Mr. Wells points out. operatively between USDA and Industry. will thereupon begin his new job as exec- for Turkey Sending bulletins overseas utive secretary the Minnesota Knapp cup displayed Growers Association, with headquarters at There's a big demand from abroad for St. Paul. Mr. Eisenmenger was a former At the south end of the Knapp Arch in United States farm bulletins. United States district vice president of the American Fed- the Department here a new treasure is on Postal Regulations No. 79 which is on page eration of Government Employees. exhibit in a glass case. On behalf of the 35, part 1, volume 4, No. 1, of the 1951 Official Knapp family on May 8 Virginia Knapp, Postal Guide provides that all State station Workshop promotion granddaughter of the famous founder of co- publications can be mailed to countries Dr. E. R. Draheim, Division of Employee operative extension work, presented this specified under the director's frank. For Performance and Development in Office of trophy to the Department, accepted by Sec- countries where the frank does not apply, Personnel, has been doing field reviews in retary Benson. The cup was originally given the Smithsonian Institution is the designated some of the USDA agencies and helping to by 325 coworkers of Dr. Knapp on February agency for physical handling of the bulletin plan future workshops in administrative 12, 1910, in Texas. The placard above it car- exchanges. management. Before returning June 1, he ries this bit of Knapp philosophy: "What a visited Chicago, Milwaukee, Madison, Cham- man hears, he may doubt; what a man sees To avoid "June buying" paign, Peoria, Des Moines, and St. Paul. he may possibly doubt; but what he does Secretary Benson In Memo No. 1327 of May himself, he cannot possibly doubt." 12, 1953, says that it would be wise to prevent Rabbits don't fly! unwarranted year-end obligation of funds In connection with a strong protest against Dissolving thread which would otherwise revert to the U. S. a certain food procurement ruling that Treasury. He fully recognizes that essential Water-soluble cotton is another research bracketed poultry and rabbit meat together, purchases of supplies may be necessary be- achievement of the Bureau of Agricultural the rabbit industry spokesmen insist that cause of the seasonal nature of some pro- and Industrial Chemistry. The Southern rabbits can't fly and that they are properly grams or where continuing Regional Research Laboratory, New Orleans, appropriations called "milk-fed mammals" whereas chickens have little to do with the closing of fiscal uses two chemicals to treat the cotton yarn a are "scratch-fed fowl." The protesting group year. But he declared that "in no instance so it becomes water-soluble. It looks, feels, asked why the agency in question did not get is there justification for spending accumu- and is as strong as untreated cotton thread, advice from the Bureau of Animal Industry's lated balances for personnel employment, but when placed in water the chemically rabbit experimental farm at Fontana, Calif. travel, or the purchase of supplies and equip- changed cellulose swells to a jellied mass and ment, or for any other purpose, unless these then disintegrates. Possible uses for this Good sign for door expenditures are necessary in the strictest treated thread are for open work material, Walter H. Droste, president of the Federal sense for the prudent and effective discharge basting threads, certain weaving processes, Land Bank of St. Louis, says they are very of our responsibilities to agriculture and printing of loop fabrics, and otherwise where proud of the sign on their office door: "FLB the public." He insists that "June buying" a yarn is wanted only temporarily. of St. Louis, farmer owned, farmer con- must be avoided by limiting obligations to trolled." He says that services of the those needed for reasonable program require- the Service record disposal land banks in years to come will be enhanced ments. and made more effective through being The General Services Administration, in farmer-owned and farmer-controlled. trying to find reasonable ways to dispose of inactive accumulated official personnel fold- JUNE 17, 1953, Vol. XII, No. 12 Yearbook laurels ers, sees a good possibility of basing the dis- Besides being included in the list of the posal of related papers in the personnel files USDA is published fortnightly for dis- Fifty Books of the Year, the USDA 1952 Year- upon the death of the employee covered by tribution to employees only, by direction of book of Agriculture, entitled Insects, has the Federal retirement system. The Civil the Secretary of Agriculture, and with ap- been chosen as one of the textbooks of the Service Commission has authority to de- proval of the Director of the Bureau of the year. A jury selects the textbooks on the stroy the files on deceased employees 2 years Budget (July 1, 1952), as containing admin- basis of design, typography, production, and after the date of death. There is no limit for istrative information required for the proper content and handling of the text and illus- filing of death claims, but the CSC feels that transaction of the public business. Retirees trations as related to design and production. the 2-year period will not affect such claims, who write the editor requesting it may con- Hence the 1952 Yearbook has been on ex- as they are usually filed within 6 months tinue to get USDA. Please write instead of hibition in New York City by the Textbook after death. The matter could be handled phoning whenever possible; for rush orders Clinic and then, with the other winning safely, it is felt, by making the disposal of call Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of textbooks, it will go on tour throughout the the records contingent upon approval of the USDA, Office of Information, Department of country. retirement claims. Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

IT. S. GOVERMliNT PB1NTINS OFFICII 1S5J ItAtfu^'

1 SHARE THIS COPY Security program PRESIDENT EISENHOWER issued Ex- ecutive Order No. 10450, which replaces the present Federal Loyalty Program. Under the new Order, the program has 4 BKfriO been extended to all governmental de- partments and agencies, and combines ; -njts--^ both loyalty and security tests. It abol- ishes the Loyalty Review Board and places the full responsibility of review- FOR JULY 1, 1953 ing the adjudicating cases upon the department or agency head. In addi- tion, under the suggested agency regu- lations there will no longer be agency occurs on the job, giving health guidance loyalty boards composed of employees Keeping fit and information, training in the ability of the interested department; when to recognize and give early treatment to necessary, hearing boards will be set up HEALTH SERVICE of the Department illness, and aiding the employee to use composed of employees from other de- of Agriculture is designed to promote the community facilities available. partments and agencies. and maintain the physical and mental All medical information about em- The tests applicable hereafter include health of employees. The idea behind ployees is kept strictly confidential. substantially the same loyalty tests as it is that a healthy employee in a healthy Even the reports made to nonmedical those prescribed in E. O. 9835, in addi- environment not only does more and officials of the agencies do not give the tion to the new security tests of trust- better work, but he works with greater details of each case, but they merely worthiness, personal habits and other zest and enjoyment. All employees of indicate what the effect of the illness circumstances showing susceptibility to USDA who work in places where such may be upon the capacity of the em- improper coercion, among other factors. official services have been established ployee to continue at work, as well as the The Order calls for a new review of all are eligible. possible necessity for taking sick leave loyalty cases in which a full field investi- At present, besides the Washington, and when the employee should be able gation had been made under the exist- D. C. Division of Employee Health in the to resume full duty. ing loyalty program. A continuing sur- Office of Personnel, five health units, Other succeeding articles from time to vey by the Civil Service Commission and each under a nurse, are maintained in time will relate to employee health the National Security Council of the field offices. In the absence of direct maintenance and care. Facts for a bet- implementation of the program by all medical supervision, their services are ter understanding and use of the health departments and agencies is provided for limited to first aid and care of minor services are supplied by Dr. Leo J. in order to spot any deficiencies and illnesses. However, about 10 miles from Schildhaus, M. D., Acting Chief, Division inequities which may become evident Denver in the Federal Center the USDA of Employee Health. from time to time. employees are served by the Center's The Secretary of Agriculture was Health Unit, maintained in cooperation asked to designate for the CSC roster a with other Departments and directed by Wage board activity list of persons qualified to sit on these a doctor. Similar units may be devel- security hearing boards. Such persons oped later. During the year, the Office of Personnel delegated authority to set wage rates to six must have a high degree of integrity, Specific services authorized by Public new boards. Five of these were regional ability, and good judgment. Each of Law 658 of the 79th Congress are: (1) boards replacing four project boards in the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. these persons must have had "Secret" Treatment of on-the-job illnesses, in- The sixth was a new board for all laborers and or "Top Secret" clearance. To secure juries, and dental conditions in an eme-- mechanics employed at field locations of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils and Agri- these names a request was sent to all gency; (2) physical examinations prior cultural Engineering. Creation of the new bureaus and agencies in the Department to employment; (3) referrals of em- boards brought the total number of active for nominations of employees for secu- ployees to private doctors, dentists, and wage boards in the Department to 26. Op- erations of these boards were reviewed to rity hearing board rosters. The ratio other health agencies; and (4; pre- obtain as consistent application as possible for the Washington metropolitan area ventive programs relating to health. of the rules and procedures under which they set wage rates for laborers and mechanics was the nomination of 2 persons for While examinations and treatments throughout the Department. every 500 employees, and elsewhere the are given for all sickness occurring dur- name of 1 person each for the following ing hours of work and the employee is Training committee metropolitan areas where USDA offices advised about his needs and the best Administrative management training work way are maintained: Atlanta, Chicago, Dal- is standing to get proper medical aid, the Division supervised by a Department com- mittee named by Under Secretary Morse, las-Fort Worth, Denver, Madison, Min- does not provide full medical care. In as follows: Richard D. Aplin, Office of the neapolis-St. Paul, New Orleans, New addition, nonemergency treatment, au- Secretary; Robert T. Beall, Rural Electrifica- tion Administration; Marcus C. Braswell, York, Philadelphia, Portland, Oreg., and thorized in writing by private physicians Production and Marketing Administration; San Francisco-Oakland. may be given. Carl Colvin, Farm Credit Administration; Cannon C. Hearne, Foreign Agricultural Rela- As prevention beats cure, these five tions; Paul V. Kepner, Extension Service; methods have been adopted to help pre- Earl W. Loveridge, Forest Service; Sterling Wrecked dollars Newell, Bureau of Agricultural Economics; Bureau of Animal Industry has issued a vent illness and maintain good health Frank H. Spencer, Agricultural Research small poster reminder about serious auto- among employees. A healthful work Administration; John L. Wells, Budget and mobile accidents. It states that, in 1952, auto environment, immunization against Finance; D. A. Williams, Agricultural Con- accidents cost more than $94,200 to Bureau servation Programs; and C. O. Henderson, personnel in personal injuries, repairs, and communicable diseases when exposure chairman, Office of Personnel. related costs. 259823°—53 Detective work Readers' reminders Piedmont poet

TO GET evidence of alleged dishonest Foreign workers POETS LIKE romantic and unusual of public stockyards scales place names. A few months ago Daniel manipulation Foreign workers may not be employed in for weighing cattle being bought and farm work if United States farm workers are Whitehead Hicky, a successful profes- available. law and sold at Kansas City, Mo., representatives This is a matter of sional poet doing information work with means that a qualified domestic worker of the Livestock Branch of the Produc- looking for a farm job has a prior right to USDA as a sideline, listed for us just a tion and Marketing Administration in- any available job ahead of foreign nationals. few locations in his native State of Details about this law and its terms and that have flavorful names. stalled automatic weight recording ma- conditions may be secured from your local Georgia chines on certain scales operated by office of the United States Employment Serv- Among them Mr. Hicky mentioned ice, with circulars upon request. suspects. This move was known only to "Talking Road," "Ball Ground," "Dewy the officers of the stockyards and the Foreign policy Rose," "Split Silk," "Doe Run," and PMA investigators. A policy statement is available as made "Rising Pawn." Within his home county by Secretary reflecting his views on Without regard to any movements of Benson of Walton, he points to "Good Hope" foreign, agricultural trade and technical as- the balance ball or the poise on the sistance. The statement is based on dis- and "Social Circle," and it may be in- weighbeam, the secret recording device cussions and recommendations of the Ad- ferred that his rich antecedents of visory Committee on Foreign Trade and place determined the total weight on the scale Technical Assistance, whose 13 members dis- Southern tradition and charm him platform and recorded it on a paper cussed the grave and complex export-import in the very midst of the latter com- situation in Washington May 18-19. Ask tape. Amounts found deducted from the munity. USDA editor for No. 1293. true weight by 3 weighmasters unaware At any rate, Mr. Hicky has had quite Big enrollment of their being checked, ranged from 60 a wide journalistic and public relations Since the passage of the Smith-Lever Act pounds to 190 pounds on each lot of career before he joined the Atlanta PMA of 1914, says the Extension Service, a total cattle containing from 1 to 6 head. This of 15,609,800 different boys and girls have staff. He was with public relations in been members of 4-H clubs in the 48 States. occurred after the men at the scales the U. S. Air Force, fashioned a weekly Hawaii, Alaska, and Puerto Rico. The aver- had been bribed to lower the weights as age length of membership is 2.7 years. comment column for the Constitution, cattle were being bought. In checking and ran another subsequent enterprise Teaching forest values these same weighmasters when cattle in two Atlanta newspapers—that of cov- There has been a revised edition of a help- were being weighed preparatory to sell- ful 4-page circular issued by the U. S. Forest ering Federal employee activity. ing them, the amounts added to the Service relating to materials available to Mr. Hicky has published 5 volumes of help teach forest conservation. These can true weights ranged from 90 to 120 be secured best from the various regional poetry and his work has appeared in 35 pounds on specified lots. foresters, or else single copies for quick refer- leading magazines, such as Good House- ence may be had from the Division of Infor- with this evidence, Armed and other mation and Education, Forest Service, USDA. keeping, Saturday Evening Post, Cosmo- the case was heard and finally the of- Washington 25, D. C. politan, Saturday Review of Literature, fending dealer responsible for the brib- Bazaar, the Farm BAIC publications McCalls, Harper's ing of weighmasters was suspended from Journal, and the New York Times Maga- A new list of processed publications of the licensed operations at the stockyards for Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chem- zine. He belongs to the Poetry Society istry was prepared in May this year. This 2 years, under authority of the Packers of America with one of the society's re- index key to numerous scientific papers by and Stockyards Act. These and many laboratory workers of the Bureau contains cent annual prizes to his credit. He also other "criminal cases" handled in the 25 pages from which to order publications won two awards for his poems from the that originated in the respective regional line of regular duty by the USDA agents research laboratories. Send requests to the Southeastern Writers Association. The are reported at intervals in the Depart- Information Division, BAIC, USDA, Wash- funny part of it is that "Jack" Hicky ington 25, D. C. ment's official publication called "Agri- seldom tries to look the part of a trained cultural Decisions." American grass book poetic celebrity—which goes to show that University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, surface signs are not reliable in judging Okla., has published "The American Grass Forest trips depth of character or extraordinary Book" with 175 illustrations and 53 maps, Clubwomen often plan show-me trips to written by Sellers Archer and Clarence ability. the national forests to study conservation, Bunch. Employed respectively by the Soil wild life and land restoration and kindred Conservation Service and the Extension outdoor educational events. To aid them in Service of Oklahoma A & M College, they For potato fans planning such excursions with the help of have worked with farmers and ranchers for Acreage, production, farm values, and dis- Forest Service rangers and allied agencies, 20 years in this field. The retail cost per position of commercial potato crops from a little pamphlet is available. Write to your copy is $3.95. 1866 through 1950 is the title of a new nearest Forest Service representative. statistical bulletin numbered 122. It is by Stream flow and snowfall the Crop Reporting Board, Bureau of Agri- Althea Thecker retires "Snow minus heat stores more water than cultural Economics. It is listed for sale of Documents, Gov- After service with USDA Extension Service any man-made reservoir ever conceived; by the Superintendent Printing Office, Washington 25, and its forerunning agencies for about 42 snow plus heat and rainfall, provides water ernment years, Miss Althea Thacker retired on May for use by man." Snow in the mountains D. C, for 50 cents per copy. 31, but remained to take part in the annual and its ultimate effect on river systems below National 4-H club camp. Her influence are subject to reasonably accurate measure- Bulletin guide through many years has been noticeable in ments and surveys that make forecasts pos- W. Philip Leidy is the author of a new book many decisions and actions taken. She sible. Circular No. 914, "Stream Flow Fore- issued by the Columbia University Press of helped develop use of radio for Extension casting from Snow Surveys" is a recent New York, entitled "A Popular Guide to Service work and helped on numerous pub- publication by Soil Conservation Service. Government Publications." It carries 2,500 lications. Miss Thacker is a native of Il- R. A. Work, snow project supervisor, is its selected titles, of which USDA publications linois and studied for a while at George author. Data and computations used in the form about one-third of the total. Author Washington University, Washington, D. C. report were supplied by H. G. Wilm, U. S. Leidy acknowledges help from James H. Mc- Her career with USDA began in the Office Forest Service; M. W. Nelson, Homer Stock- cormick, Deputy Director of Information, of Experiment Stations. Later she worked well, Gregg Pearson, and A. R. Codd, SCS, and Mrs. Eleanor Clay, compiler of the In- with the late Reuben Brigham in the States and R. T. Beaumont, Oregon Agricultural quiries and Distribution Service index of Relations Service, predecessor to the present Experiment Station. Ask SCS for a copy USDA publications, who also presides at the Extension Service. She intends to continue about the benefits of stream-flow forecasting information desk in Room 104, Administra- residing with a sister in Washington, D. C. by means of snow surveys. tion Building.

USDA: July 1, 1953 n UAtv^

Agronomy Society dates Said on the side Brief choice and L. G. Monthey, Madison, Wis., executive secretary of the American Society of Agron- WORK STANDARDS of devotion and Work injuries omy and the Soil Society of America, points painstaking detail to many new developments in crops and established by those According to estimates by the U. S. De- soils research that will be reported for the who have left this world remain an in- partment of Labor, Americans in 1952 sus- first time at the forthcoming annual meet- tained 2,031,000 work injuries of a disabling spiration and a guide for most of the nature. The agricultural industry sustained ings of the societies at Dallas, Texas, Novem- ber 10-20. Anyone concerned with crop or families in our old valley. It is not a 320,000 disabilities that year, or a decrease soil matters is invited to attend. question here of great national concern— of about 10,000 from the reported figure for 1951. these memories of farm and household Forest safety council At Marion, Va., recently officers of the tasks well done—but simply a record of Koenig talks to grads Jef- ferson National Forest established a forest ideals which those former companions Nathan Koenig, Assistant to the Director, safety council. It will function as a clear- Commodity Marketing and Adjustment, Office insisted upon as being essential things inghouse on plans, information, and pre- of the Secretary, gave the main address to ventive programs to reduce accidents in the for one's everyday life and the personal the graduates at the A & M College, Univer- big woods. Meetings will be held annually joy one gets from the fulfillment of the sity of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, P. R., on June to determine a special safety program in ad- 1. His theme was the challenge to youth in vance, based on surveys in the unit to seek common, daily responsibilities which al- the readjustment and improvement of agri- opinions and advise on major safety prob- ways go with life inseparably. Recalling culture in Puerto Rico. lems and precautions. Monthly district these, one sees a lovely piece of cabinet meetings to discuss and point up all details Idle usable land of the safety code for foresters and local work, a barn well built, a field clean and safety inspections will be routine procedure. "Throughout the South there are about 17 fertile, a herd of high production, or million acres of idle cropland, most of which Big dairyman perhaps a knitted spread or scarf or a is capable of agricultural production if cleared and developed," says Dr. Robert M. W. Lawson King, chairman of the Farm hooked rug without a flaw or hasty im- Salter, Chief of the Soil Conservation Service. Credit Board of the Baltimore Land Bank, perfection to mar the memory of those "The average cost of clearing, developing, owns and operates a farm with one of the fertilizing, and seeding to pasture mixtures largest herds of purebred Holstein cattle in who did the work so thoroughly in hu- would be about $75 per acre. Fertilizer the United States—totaling 645 head. Mr. mility and obscurity. The old world maintenance and weed control would cost King, who has been a member of the Farm Credit Board for 12 years, ships more than cathedral builders who carefully sculp- about $20 per acre annually. Improved pas- tures on this land could be expected to pro- 8,000 gallons of milk to the Washington. tured each saint's and angel's face and duce about 300 pounds or more of beef per D. C, market weekly. year." formal flower—even though the final Three appointments carved adornment was destined to be FHA driving advice Two new appointments and one reap- completely hidden high above the ob- pointment were announced lately by the Farmers Administration in one of Home Federal Land Bank of St. Paul. Paul E. servant throngs of centuries they were its notices to all its field — procedure employees Miller, director of agriculture extension in reminds adhere strictly to all State kindred fellowcraft spirits with the dili- them to Minnesota, was named a director of the Farm and local traffic laws and regulations when Credit Board, a position he held from 1947 gent home makers and farm founders of driving official business in a period of on through 1949. A. R. Ettesvold, formerly em- heavy highway usage. It reminds them that our old valley's other days. "Anything ployed in the appraisal department, is the during the first 4 months of this calendar worth doing at all is worth doing well" new information agent and assistant to the employees while official busi- year 18 FHA on general agent, succeeding the late Jack is the significant tradition of such satis- ness were injured in automobile accidents. Keenan. Henry T. Welch, Ionia, Mich., was Besides all the suffering and time loss, more fying achievements that many of us named again for the position of Third Dis- than $9,000 worth of damage occurred to trict director of the land bank. should seek to inherit in greater measure automobiles. from our valley generation gone beyond. FHA borrowers prosper Shrinking sweetpotato When all other aims are dim, we still Farmers Home Administration made a Within 6 years the production of sweet- progress study of the records of have this to reach for as a goal. 25,460 fam- potatoes has fallen from 61 million bushels ilies who repaid their operating loans in a year to 26 million, despite the nutritional 1952 and continued to farm. The average value, variety of preparation and popularity family began with a net worth of $3,560, of this vegetable. Herbert W. Mumford, Jr., borrowed $2,088, repaid the loan 3.6 years Schollenberger visits Bureau of Agricultural Economics, attributes afterwards with interest of $191 and then Back for his 40th class reunion at Penn this serious decline in a valuable vegetable had $6,655 net worth to their credit at the State College, J. H. Schollenberger of Holly to many things. It requires much hard time their final payment was made. Hill, Fla., with Mrs. Schollenberger, came to "stoop over" labor, and the extending of the see old friends in the Department while in marketing season beyond a few weeks at Two get degrees Washington, D. C. He was the first student harvest time needs careful gathering and Randall Latta, in charge of the Division in the country to enter a college course in handling to avoid serious damage to the of Stored Product Insect investigations, milling, which was at Penn State College in tubers, and also suitable curing and storage Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, 1908. Mr. Schollenberger's most recent as- facilities that few small growers can afford was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor to provide. Although the slightly increased signment prior to his retirement last summer of Science June 1 by Iowa Wesleyan College, was with Mutual Security Agency in handling acreage to sweetpotatoes this year is in re- Mount Pleasant, Iowa, where he received an wheat processing developments in Greece. sponse to firm prices and good demand. Mr. A. B. degree in 1927. He has had broad ex- For several years he was head of Commodity Mumford thinks it unlikely that the sweet- perience in the control of insects on orna- Development Division at the Northern Re- potato will very soon regain its lost ground. mental plants, and in the development of gional Research Laboratory at Peoria, 111. treatment of plants and commodities regu- He also spent a year for the Government According to Davis lated by plant quarantines. During World Supply Center in the Middle East in World In a recently published statement in War II he directed development of methyl War II and had previously spent 2 years as "Marketing Activities" issued monthly by bromide fumigation equipment which was a grain specialist with the Argentine Re- the Production and Marketing Administra- adopted by the Armed Forces. public. Even before that he was on a Euro- tion, J. Grant Lyons, editor, appears this Bethany College, Lindsborg, Kans., awarded pean mission for several years, associated conclusion by John H. Davis, Director Com- to Arthur W. Lindquist, Department ento- there with Harry Reed and J. B. Hutson, in modity Marketing and Adjustment: "The mologist and an alumnus of the college, the the 1931-34 period. One result of this was decision to have less government and more honorary degree of Doctor of Science on a 200-page bulletin on the grain require- private enterprise in our farm economy is June 1. Dr. Lindquist and his associates ments of Europe which he wrote for USDA one to be made by farmers and businessmen first developed and advocated the residual afterwards. His early career with the Gov- serving farmers, and not by government offi- insecticide principle of controlling mosqui- ernment was as a developer of official grain cials. If they want less government in busi- toes, now the primary method throughout standards during service with the Bureau of ness, then they, not the government, must the world of controlling malaria. Dr. Lind- Markets and the Bureau of Agricultural make decision in terms of constructive action quist was the first to demonstrate that adult Economics. He expects to enliven his re- on their part. By inaction the decision be- mosquitoes could be controlled by DDT tirement by writing a new book on United comes an automatic one in favor of more sprays applied by aircraft or other equip- States cereals and their uses. and more government in business." ment. He is stationed at Corvallis, Oregon.

USDA: July 1, 1953 Very much pioneer Forest roads and trails Peach mosaic control Browsers in a library at Cattaraugus A classification of mileage in the national Success has followed the cooperative con- county, N. Y., have found several exhibits forest road and trail system in charge of trol work against the peach mosaic virus and manuals dated 1856 at the time of a Forest Service shows a total mileage of 274,- disease. Growers, nurserymen. States, coun- local corn growing contest for boys. rec- A 375.8 miles. Of this system total, 156,291 ties, and the Bureau of Entomology and ord and a story by Franklin young Spaulding miles are of a satisfactory standard while the Plant Quarantine working together have ap- of East Otto, N. Y., gives his experience with remainder are either unsatisfactory or non- parently eliminated mosaic from 21 counties corn he entered at the Watertown fair. existing. in California, Colorado, Utah, and Texas, and Horace Greeley, famed newspaper editor, was reduced its prevalence in many other sec- sponsor of this early piece of extension Coffee research aids tions of those States. teaching. Foreign Agricultural Service has issued a new processed 150-page review of the ab- Former employee folders Using "blank" pages stracts relating to coffee growing and proc- On March 3, 1953, under authority of essing. Prepared for and with funds from Quite often in making up the "signatures" Executive Order 9784, it became obligatory the Technical Cooperation Administration, of the paper used in printing bulletins or for all agencies to send to the Federal Rec- the abstract should give helpful data for circulars there are one or more empty or blank left ords Center at St. Louis all official personnel the employed field technicians. It was done pages at the end of the text. Re- folders of separated employees 1 year after by Laurenz Greene, Technical Collaboration cently the USDA Division of Publications de- cided separation. Previous to such order these Branch of FSA. to use such a spare page for a general records were held in over 48,000 filing cabi- reminder on farm safety and accident pre- nets and other types of filing equipment, Spring tonic vention. Such a policy will usually be fol- located at 22,950 places within the Federal lowed in the Farmers' Bulletins and Leaflets Handbook on In- Government. They were the source for The Vegetable Gardeners' and the Home and Garden bulletin series. issued in revised form as answering more than 600,000 annual in- sects and Diseases, Bulletin No. is being quiries, and the maintenance and servicing Home and Garden 23, Extend storage bin loans Inquiries and Dis- of these records were taking the full-time distributed through the Information, and employment of about 300 persons, not in- tribution Service, Office of The Department has announced a 1-year cluding many serving part-time. cooperating State colleges. The authors are extension of time, through June 30, 1954, in S. P. Doolittle, senior pathologist in the which farmers may get CCC loans to finance Division of Fruit and Vegetable Crops, and the building or purchase of new farm storage Emphasize career employment the late W. H. White, former principal ento- facilities for grains and such nonperishables. The Civil Service Commission has sus- mologist, Division of Truck Crop and Garden As of last March 31, a total of 34,263 loans pended authority for making noncompetitive Insect Investigations. for about $40,500,000 had been approved for appointments—excepting those of former farm storage structures with an aggregate status employees and certain military service Smokejumpers capacity of about 142 million bushels. Local individuals. The suspension is intended to lending agencies or the Production and Mar- emphasize the appointment of displaced Forest Service reports that for the 1952 keting Administration County Committee were 267 smoke- career employees. To this end, the Commis- fire control season there handle these loans up to 80 percent of the of the sion has issued a current list of such dis- Jumpers employed in five regions cost of the structures. placed career employees now eligible for National Forests. There were 836 jumps made to fires during the season, but 69 of reinstatement. T. Roy Reid, Director of Southern laboratory visits Personnel, advises the USDA agency super- the regular smokejumpers served in ground visors to make regular use of this CSC list crews only. The estimated saving due to During the first quarter of 1953, the as a means of filling positions in advance of the effective employment of trained smoke- Southern Regional Research Laboratory at regular certification procedures. jumpers with parachutes was about $1,291,- New Orleans was the scene of eight indus- 000 with fires on more than 60,000 acres. trial and educational group conferences to Anderson succeeds Fladness exchange information on current and pros- Forest fire manpower pective research. In that period 924 visitors Dr. Robert J. Anderson has been named came to the laboratory. Of these, 21 per- assistant chief of the U. S. Department of Regions 1, 4, and 5 of the Forest Service sons were from 14 foreign countries, 442 Agriculture's Bureau of Animal Industry, in again report difficulty in getting adequate had technical interest, 134 were for sales charge of disease control and eradication manpower for fire control. Retirement and and services, 64 sought employment, 210 activities by Dr. B. T. Simms, chief of the resignation of some of the older and better came on tours, 13 consulted the laboratory's Bureau. Dr. Anderson assumed this post in qualified personnel has continued to reduce library, while the balance of 40 persons were the Agricultural Research Administration the experienced fire-fighting forces, explains casual visitors. on June 7, succeeding Dr. S. O. Fladness, Richard E. McArdle, Chief. The Indian fire died 5, 1953. Dr. who May Anderson played crews trained in Region 3 were borrowed to U. S. bacteria book an important part in the successful admin- help combat fires in four other western re- istration of the foot-and-mouth disease gions. Two fatalities at fires were reported Many species of the far-flung group of eradication campaign in Mexico. in 1952. bacteria known as Bacillus have been de- scribed in USDA Agriculture Monograph No. Flat land bounty Foreign assignments 16, "Aerobic Sporeforming Bacteria." This publication "Probably something like 50,000,000 acres authoritative which classifies There are today an estimated 648 Ameri- these microorganisms in the best order ever subject to overflow in tributary valleys can can agricultural technicians at work in the be given reasonable protection by watershed available to scientists and students, climaxes underdeveloped areas of the world under 40 years of work in soil bacteriology by Dr. programs. This relatively flat land, gen- the direction of United States and United Nathan R. Smith, who recently retired from erally free sheet is, from erosion, on the Nations agencies. Of these, the Food and average, potentially the most productive land the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agriculture Organization employs 83 Ameri- Agricultural Engineering. Since his retire- have if it is given reasonable flood pro- we cans, the Mutual Security Agency has 143, tection. Based on watershed surveys of ment, Dr. Smith has become one of the edi- the Technical Cooperation Administration of Bergey's Manual, foundation book more than one-third of the Nation, esti- tors we of the State Department has 285, while an- that on bacteria classification. For copies write mate programs of land treatment and other group employed in Latin America by waterflow-retardation measures could pro- Superintendent of Documents, Government TCA and the Institute of Inter-American vide in these tributory valleys increased Printing Office, Washington, D. C. The price an Affairs has 86 listed. In addition, the Land- agricultural production equivalent is 75 cents per copy. to that Grant colleges now have 51 American workers of 6,700,000 acres of class I land, in addition abroad. to all other benefits from reduction of flood damages. This would be brought about by courses JULY 1, 1953, Vol. XII, No. 13 an average level of protection against over- Freshmen flow of somewhat less than 10-year fre- The probationary trainee program which USDA is published fortnightly for distribu- quency. This is not the limit of possibili- was started in 1948, has developed to a point tion to employees only, by direction of the ties, but merely a conservative and fore- where several hundred trainees have been Secretary of Agriculture, and with approval appointed. this program the employ- seeable goal. The increase from even this Under of the Director of the Bureau of the Budget conservative goal compares favorably, how- ing agency has an opportunity to train and (July 1, 1952), as containing administrative with the agricultural potential that observe employees while employed as stu- ever, information required for the proper transac- can be achieved by irrigating all the remain- dents during summer vacations and to care- tion of the public business. Retirees who ing irrigable lands for which water can be fully select the outstanding students for write the editor requesting it, may continue made available in the 17 Western States. permanent appointment. At the present get USDA. Please write instead This additional agricultural production will time, this type of examination procedure is to of phon- be greatly needed within the next 25 years in use in recruiting in the fields of soil con- ing whenever possible; for rush orders call to meet the demands of our increasing popu- servation, range conservation, soil science, Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of lation."—Cal. B. Brown, Assistant Chief of agricultural engineering, and veterinary USDA, Office of Information, Department of Operations, Soil Conservation Service. medicine. Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

4 B. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. I»51 :

I SHARE THIS COPY Security program

NOT UNTIL the new official regulations are received and the accompanying forms are supplied relating to the Federal

- security employment program should any definite action therein be taken by

2 . .. agency heads and work supervisors. Ac- --' I JUl_

261494°—53 S San Francisco, California; Theodore L. Moel- For superior work ler, Administrative Assistant, Phoenix, Ari- Transfer functions zona; Mary M. Riordan, Administrative Assistant, Chicago, Illinois; Lee A. Seidell, PAY INCREASES for superior accom- REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 2, 1953, Program Specialist. Oakland, California; plishment and Certificates of Merit were Charles S. Shaw, Cotton Technologist, Stone- became effective at midnight June 3, recently awarded employees, as indicated ville, Mississippi; Rogers Thompson, Mail 1953. The Senate had rejected a reso- Clerk, Washington, D. C; Evelyn V. Trickett, lution below: Secretary, Washington, D. C. disapproving the Plan. The Bureau of Animal Industry: DR. Meier E. House, by a vote of 128 to 261 on June 3, Bureau of Agricultural Economics : Margue- Brodner, Veterinary Meat Inspector, New rite L. Higgins, Clerk, Washington, D. C; rejected a motion to consider H. R. 236 Audrey Moss, Clerk-Typist, Richmond, York, New York; DR. Theodore C. Byerly, G. disapproving the Plan. Virginia: Helen Ziegler, Statistical Assistant, Animal Husbandman, Beltsville, Maryland; Darr, Inspector, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. John V. Meat Ottumwa, The Plan transfers to the Secretary Iowa; L. R. Edmundson, Administrative Offi- Farmers Home Administration: Woodrow all functions of the Department not pre- G. Beck, Farm Management Supervisor, Indi- cer, Chicago, Illinois; Mrs. Grace K. Gess- ford. Secretary, Beltsville anapolis. Indiana; F. Elizabeth Bell, Clerk- Maryland; Orville viously vested in the Secretary excepting G. Hankins. Animal Husbandman, Beltsville, Typist, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; L. Dow those of the Farm Credit Adminis- Bell, Farm Management Supervisor, Bon- Maryland; Mary Jane Hayden, Administra- tive tration, the ham, Texas; Percy H. Bowman, Farm Man- Assistant, Washington, D. C; Burt W. Commodity Credit Corpo- agement Supervisor, Stuart, Virginia; Harlan Heywang, Animal Husbandman, Glendale, ration, the Federal Crop Insurance Arizona: M. Branson, Civil Engineer, Portland, Oregon; Dr. Rush M. Johnson, Veterinary Livestock Inspector, Moines, Iowa; Corporation, and the Office of Hearing Oliver R. Brown, Farm Management Super- Des Paul Kearns, Physical Science Aid, Beltsville, visor, Decatur, Texas; Enoch H. Cook, Farm W. Examiners. Two additional Assistant Maryland; William J. Krebs, Administrative Management Supervisor, Edinburg, Texas; Secretaries and an Administrative As- Henry H. Ebel, Farm Management Super- Officer, Beltsville, Maryland; Josephine E. Secretary, visor, Towner, North Dakota; Cecile E. Dar- Lauth. Washington, D. C; Francis sistant Secretary are also authorized. J. Longen, Position Classifier, Washington, rington, Personnel Clerk (Stenographer), The Secretary has issued Memoran- Denver, Colorado; Sam R. Ellison, Farm D. C; Dr. George R. Louden. Veterinary Meat dum No. 1329 in which he reconstituted Management Supervisor, San Saba, Texas; Inspector. Fort Worth, Texas; Floyd W. Calvtn Murl Fraze, Time, Leave, and Pay McClellan. Meat Inspector, Ottumwa, Iowa; the Department as it existed imme- Dr. Harold H. Pas, Veterinarian, Washing- Roll Supervisor. Denver, Colorado; Rose E. diately effective ton, D. DR. Charles J. Prchal, Veterinary prior to the date of Feckler. County Office Clerk, Jamestown, C, Inspector, Phoenix, Arizona; Leonard North Dakota; Mrs. Mary B. Fielding, Clerk- Meat Reorganization Plan No. 2, 1953. Under Rue, Meat Inspector. New Orleans, Louisiana; Typist, Bonham, Texas; Mrs. Mary E. this order the reassigned Warren, Poultry Secretary the Hoffman, Clerk-Typist, Mason City, Iowa; Dr. Don C. Husbandman, Lafayette, Indiana. functions transferred to him by the Plan Adam S. Lipp, Farm Management Supervisor, Plant Industry: L. Baird, Bismarck, North Dakota; Arthur F. Max- Bureau of Bruce to the agencies, officers, and employees in well, Farm Management Supervisor, Bon- Soil Scientist. Beltsville, Maryland: Mrs. Har- riett Kilby, whom the responsibilities rested imme- ham, Texas; Mrs. Bernice McGuire, Lease Ann Carr Clerk-Stenographer, and Contract Clerk. Denver, Colorado; Callie Beltsville, Maryland; Victor L. Stedronsky, diately prior to June 4. All actions of Engineer, Mecilla Park. Ruth Price, Clerk-Typist, Stuart, Virginia; Agricultural New Vivian Kearns Toole, Botanist, the agencies and officers taken prior to Herbert L. Rosenkranz, Farm Management Mexico; Mrs Beltsville. Maryland. June 4 and still in force immediately Supervisor, Yakima, Washington; Mary E. Farm Credit Administration: Anna L. Skidmore, Administrative Assistant, Dallas, prior to that date shall be considered as Gessner, Agricultural Economist, Washing- Texas; Lawrence D. Smith, Agriculturist, ton, D. C. remaining in force and effect until they Dallas, Texas; Walter H. Stine, Farm Man- Soil Conservation Service: Frank E. Bivens, agement Supervisor, Valley City, North are revoked or modified. Soil Aid, Upper Darby, Pa.; Dakota. Conservation Catherine Bradley, Clerk-Stenographer, Forest Service: Montgomery M. Atwater, G. Upper Darby, Pa.; Harold E. Chase, Soil Con- Avalanche Forecaster, Salt Lake City, Utah; Librarian Shaw honored servationist, Stanton, Michigan; James W. John R. Berry. Forester, San Francisco, Dye, Soil Scientist, Bowling Green, Kentucky; At the American Library Association meet- California; Archie L. Bolander, Forester, ing at Los Angeles in June the first annual Taos New Mexico; Alfred K. Crebbin, For- Sara S. Fairley, Clerk-Stenographer, Columbia, South Carolina; Cyril M. Jacot, award of the Melvil Dewey medal was given ester, Yreka, California; Walter R. Denney, Conservation Aid, Caro, Michigan; to Dr. Ralph R. Shaw. USDA Librarian. It is Forester, San Francisco, California; Lloyd Soil Nichols, Soil Conservationist, Clay awarded for recent creative professional Donally, Forestry Aid, St. Maries, Idaho; Earl C. V. achievement of a high order, particularly in Doran. Range Conservationist, Center, Kansas; Jay H. Payne, Soil Conserva- Clyde W. the fields in which Melvil Dewey was notably Colorado; Wesley D. Hathaway, Con- tionist. Salina. Kansas: Mrs. Helene H. Delta, interested, such as library management and struction and Maintenance Supervisor, Idaho Retd. Statistical Assistant, Washington, D. O; Joseph E. Schrader, Soil Conservationist, training, cataloging, and classification. "He Springs, Colorado; Everett J. Jensen, Fores- Oskaloosa. Kansas: Carey W. Summers, Soil has extended the usefulness of the National ter, San Francisco, California; Robert P. A. Agricultural Library through two continents Johnson, Engineer, Madison, Wisconsin; Conservationist. Dixon, Kentucky; Margaret and its renown throughout the world," it Clerk-Typist, Port- Ruth Clay, Clark-Stenographer, Jackson, Mrs. Janet L. Kartchner. was declared. The Oberly Memorial Award Oregon; Theodore L. Keller, Super- Mississippi. land, was also presented to Mrs. Dorothy B. Skau vising Highway Engineer, Ogden, Utah; John of the USDA Library and Ralph Planck and Kucera, Forester, Pendleton. Oregon, and M. Correspondence courses Frank Pack of BAIC for the best biblio- Nathaniel R. Smith, Automotive Mechanic Available correspondence courses in the graphy on agriculture and related sciences. Foreman I, Lakeview, Oregon; Glen A. Lam- Graduate School now cover 11 different bert, Forester, Vernal, Utah; John T. Ma- USDA subjects of study. The complete costs vary Jack Ferrail dies thews, Forester, Ogden. Utah; Floyd L. Mo- from $14 to $39, including postage and inci- ravets, Forest Economist, Portland, Oregon; John A. (Jack) Ferrail, who retired from dentals. Get details from the GS direct. Douglas C. Morrison, Jr., Forester, Winslow, BPISAE in June 1947 after more than 40 Mullin. Mechanical Engi- years' service, died in Los Angeles, California. Arizona; Henry A. Clapper retires neer. Albuquerque, New Mexico; Alven I. June 7, 1953. Jack entered the Government Rickel, Administrative Engineer, Spokane, Russell B. Clapper, pathologist, Division of service as a stenographer in 1908. He was a Washington; Russell K. Smith, Forester, Forest Pathology, BPISAE. retired April 30, sports enthusiast and took an active part in Halsey, Nebraska: Anthony E. Squillace, 1953. He was a member of the Division for several. During one period he wrote a sports Forester, Missoula. Montana; Frank Walisch, 29 years. He has been especially interested column for one of the Washington daily Procurement and Supply Officer, Detroit, in the field of forest genetics. His article papers, as the "Old Timer." He was one of Michigan; Mervin Whitmore, Fire Control entitled "Breeding and Establishing New the early backers of the departmental and Aid, Hebo, Oregon. Trees Resistant to Disease," published in interdepartmental bowling leagues and the Production and Marketing Administration: Economic Botany, July-September 1952. has softball and baseball teams. He became deaf geneticists. years ago, but Mary K. Benway. Administrative Assistant, been helpful to forest Mr. Clap- many was able to carry on very worked extensively in the field of select- well with his work which at one "time in- Washington, D. C; Lawrence A. Grogan, per ing and breeding blight-resistant chestnuts. cluded editing a Bureau newsletter. He Commodity, Industry Analyst, Washington, Some of his hybrids are now being planted would have been 73 years old on July 4. Harrill, Chief Auditor, D. O; Delbert J. in State and National forests. Since 1948 During his last illness blood transfusions Washington, D. C; Julian P. Hicks, General Mr. Clapper has been in charge of the Divi- were necessary, and former associates in Investigator, Atlanta, Georgia; Clyde L. sion of Forest Pathology's branch station at BPISAE contributed 21 pints in his name to Kiddle, Director, PMA Commodity Office, Lake City, Florida, where he investigated the Red Cross Bloodmobile at Beltsville Portland, Oregon; Alvan M. McDowell, diseases of turpentine pines. He expects to which entitled him to a like quantity from Fruit and Vegetable Market News Reporter, live in Fort Myers, Florida. the Red Cross at Los Angeles.

USDA: July 15, 1953 Author-editor debate Readers' reminders Brief and choice

THE OBVIOUS escape from this com- USDA-F. & D. agreement Moore elected mon dilemma between author and Copies of memorandum of agreement on L. A. Moore, Bureau of Dairy Industry, was editor, as noted in the June 17 issue, is operating policies between the Food and elected vice president of the American Dairy Drug Administration of the Department of Science Association at its meeting in Madi- for the managing editor to decide Health, Education, and Welfare, and the son, Wis., late in June. whether a manuscript is to be accepted Production and Marketing Administration of USDA have been mimeographed. Inter- Triangle club at all. Acceptance should be subject to ested readers may write the editor of USDA. certain editorial stipulations, according USDA's Masonic fraternity, the Triangle Club reports increased membership. The to E. Miller, Office of Information. Bowling interviewed Roy present officers are Harry C. Cook, Sol, presi- These considerations might include On page 116 of the May 1953 number of dent; Arch Pjerrou, PMA, vice president; The Fleet Owner, published by McGraw-Hill George E. Hanna, BEPQ. secretary: Leonard questions such as: Is the material scien- Co., appears an interview with Charles B. Conyers, FCA, treasurer; Walter Ettleman, tifically sound? Is it well presented Bowling, Chief of the Traffic Management REA, chaplain. Division, Transportation and Warehouse generally? Is it presented in length, Branch of PMA. Illustrated with candid Walters resigns arrangement, and form suited to the camera photos of Mr. Bowling, the interview is in question and answer form. He takes Allyn Walters, who had charge of medium of publication? Is it of timely current the stand that the outlook favors greater information for the Rural Electrical Admin- or permanent interest? If the terms of tonnages of fresh products transported by istration for several years was called to a 2- acceptance are clearly understood, there reefer trucks to potential consuming markets. year tour of active duty last month as a lieutenant colonel of the U. S. Air Force. will less complaint the authors. be from Fertilizer survey Mr. Walters is a native of Binghamton, N. Y., and is widely known by cooperatives This should mean, as it usually does, Consumption, distribution, and composi- REA and newspaper editors throughout the country. that the editor respects the individuality, tion of commercial fertilizers in the United States and its Territories are annually issued scholarship, and dignity of the author. by the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils and Unusual leadership article, if verbose, Agricultural Engineering. Walter Scholl and The extremely con- Agricultural Conservation Programs re- Hilda M. Wallace, the authors, have com- fused, and lacking in clearness, would be ports that the secretary of the Sanpete pleted the current issue, which is now avail- County, Utah, ACP committee, Arch Mellar, rejected anyhow. Yet if the results of able from the Division of Fertilizer and Agri- has kept on aiding his fellow members in cultural Lime, PISAE, Agricultural Research the research are of unusual value, but administering the local program from his Center, Beltsville, Md. bedside. Although in a seriously ill the language is unsatisfactory to gen- condi- tion, Mr. Mellar has carried on under adverse eral taste for scientific literature, then BAIC research resources circumstances because of deep devotion to the editor and the author should agree A special explanatory document, No. AIC- duty. briefly tells the story of the research on extensive changing, in Mr. Miller's 341, resources of the Bureau of Agricultural and Two get degrees opinion. Industrial Chemistry. It relates to the four Regional Research Laboratories and 11 other Doctor of Science degrees were conferred "It is rare for a modern editor to Branch Stations. Write to Dr. Walter M. in June to Dr. Percy A. Wells, Head Eastern make changes merely by whim or for Scott, Assistant Chief, BAIC, South Building, Regional Research Laboratory, and Dr. Charles H. Fisher, Head Southern personal choice USDA, Washington 25, D. C. Regional of idiom and style," he Research Laboratory. The Philadelphia concludes. "Most prefer the writing of Cicada story College of Pharmacy and Science and Tulane University, New Orleans, conferred the the author to their own, if for no other In the July National Geographic Magazine respective degrees. reason than to protect themselves and there is a good article on cicadas. It has one picture showing Louise Roberts, Bureau of their Miss Helander retires journals from monotony and Entomology and Plant Quarantine, explain- decline." ing cicada life habits to school pupils. Miss Agnes E. Helander retired In May after more than 33 years Federal One statement in the editor's side of of service. V—E sick swine She came to the Department soon after the controversy as published in our June passage of Some recommended measures to take in the Perishable Agricultural Com- modities 17 issue displeased F. D. Richey, prin- handling swine in market or transportation Act in June 1930, and has since served to prevent the spread of vesicular exan- with the Regulatory Division handling cipal agronomist, Division of Cereal this thema have been sent to a select list by Dr. work. Crops and Diseases, stationed at Knox- B. T. Simms, Chief, Bureau of Animal In- ville, Tenn. "I was particularly riled by dustry. The suggestions made are for prac- A bollworm building tical use by public stockyards, packing their remark that publication in a stand- plants, State livestock sanitary officers, and Texas Southmost College at Brownsville ard journal is a favor to an author. In veterinary inspectors. Write to BAI's Infor- is building a 25-room office and laboratory mation Division if you have direct need of structure to be leased to the Bureau of Ento- general the costs of publication are paid such material. mology and Plant Quarantine for a center for by the subscribers and memberships of research against the pink bollworm. of those who furnished the articles. Bug bringers These costs are not paid for by the Don't overlook the chance of your toting Corn and hog garments back dangerous plant insects if you go abroad editors, although they apparently think this season. Avoid returning home with During the luncheon given for President they run the journal. I have had well- strange plants or soil that harbors such in- Eisenhower on May 26 at the Agricultural jurious foreign pests. But if you must col- Research Center, four USDA girls modeled written manuscripts so changed to suit lect certain species of plants, write for your garments of new materials devised by re- the whims of an editor as to completely official permit to Bureau of Entomology and search chemists of the Bureau of Agricul- lose the desired emphasis." Plant Quarantine, 209 River Street, Hoboken, tural and Industrial Chemistry. Joan Brown, N. J. College Park, Md., wore a plastic raincoat made in part of inedible fat from hogs. Armed Forces rations Shirley Pfeiffer modeled a green jersey dress Maybelle Smith retires A handbook of reference for determining and a yellow coat made from corn by a proc- After nearly 35 years of Federal service, quantities of food in the various packaged ess worked out at BAIC's Northern Regional Mrs. Maybelle Smith, statistician with the rations used by the U. S. Armed Forces is Research Laboratory. Betty Richter. Wash- Commodity Exchange Authority, retired on newly revised in mimeograph form by Office ington, wore a flowered party dress fashioned May 31. She was complimented by Adminis- of Requirements and Facilities, Production from three 100-pound fertilizer bags. Mar- trator J. M. Mehl. Coming to Washington, and Marketing Administration. Data de- jorie Cook, Mount Rainer, Md., wore slacks D. C, from Illinois, she entered the Federal rived from publishing military specifications the linen- Trade Commission service in 1918. She has and Quartermaster purchase descriptions and sport jacket made from new successively worked for the Forest Service were used by the compiler, Haz;el H. Moore, like cotton from the Southern Regional and the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Analysis and Statistical Division. Research Laboratory.

USDA: July 15, 1953 Featuring futures Praise for good help Scholl retires Hearings by the Commodity Exchange In reference to daily calls from their New Gus J. Scholl, Equipment Engineer with Authority on evidence respecting speculative York office regarding data to be secured the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quar- limits on positions and daily trading in from USDA, Thomas W. Brahany of Lynch, antine at San Antonio, Texas, retired in March at the age of 70. Since beginning cottonseed oil, soybean oil. and lard futures Pierce, Fenner & Bean of Washington, D. C, the Federal took a recess to reopen in Chicago on July 13. has always contacted the Inquiries and Pub- of pink bollworm control work in lications Division, Office of Information, for 1917, Mr. Scholl has been almost constantly answers. He wrote to Secretary Benson as associated with that activity in State or For FS writers follows: "I have occasion to get information Bureau work in Texas. He is a coinventor of a machine for inspecting gin trash of cotton Findings of a study of Forest Service writ- from other departments of Government for to locate pink bollworm infestations, and of ings and communications made for the our New York office engaged in securities re- another cottonseed heating machine used School of Forestry at the Utah State Agricul- search. I can truthfully say that in none is the response to legitimate in- in gins to destroy the pink bollworm in tural College and Region Four of the TJ. S. of them cottonseed. Forest Service are carried in a processed quiries more courteous, intelligent, and report by Wendell M. Keck, Ph.D., associate helpful than in your Division of Inquiries Publications. RIF professor of English at Utah State College. and amended He says that their reports were notably free Under the amendment to the reduction in from "federalese" and other occupational Duggan resigns force regulations of May 29, each bureau Is jargon, and recommendations made were re- a separate competitive area and initiates I. W. Duggan, Governor of the Farm Credit of this procedures ceived favorably. USDA has no copies Administration, resigned effective June 30 RIF under delegated authority. it to reassignment rights study. to become vice president of the Trust Corn- When comes on a Department-wide scale, Office of Personnel pay of Georgia. Mr. Duggan became Gover- has the responsibility. However, Pers says Blaze beginners nor of FCA in 1944 after 1 year as Deputy that it has no convenient setup for Governor. He started his Government work doing this work in the field offices Man-caused fires in the national forests in the Agricultural Adjustment Administra- and branch —so be arranged. as a whole increased 21 percent over the tion in 1934 as an economist and later be- some adjustment must 1947-51 average, and only Regions 3 and 5 came director of the Southern Division of of the U. S. Forest Service showed decreases AAA. Dress comfortably in human fire starting. The total of re- Mr. Duggan is returning to Georgia where Has the USDA arrived at any definite corded forest fires in 1952 numbered 11.965. he began his career as an agricultural teacher ruling as to what is regarded as the proper This meant an increase of 1,648 fires above at Ashburn and county agent in Turner way to dress for office work in hot summer- the 1951 fires totaling 10.385. In 1952 man County. Later he was professor of agricul- time? The answer to that as developed in was responsible for starting 7,021 forest con- tural Economics at Clemson (S. C.) and Mis- a recent meeting of our personnel people is flagrations with lightning the cause of 4.994 sissippi State Colleges. He has B. S and that any style or mode of clothing for sum- of them. For the recent 5-year average D. Sc. degrees from Clemson College and his mer wear is permissible and proper just so man-caused fires numbered 5,763, so that M. S. from Ohio State University. He has long as a decent regard for modesty prevails. much remains to be done by Smokey Bear. been a director of the Graduate School of the The employees of both the Department of U. S. Department of Agriculture and served Labor and the Department of Commerce have Wood siding decay study as lieutenant in the U. S. Army in World been told that comfortable and informal War I. summer dress is always in order, probably in Certain building practices conducive to the general interest of efficient work. siding decay due to presence of fungus infec- Corn under cover tions that increase decay in siding for houses 95 and 55 deadline erected in the South are studied in detail by Shortages of corn storage facilities in the In the Washington, D. C, offices of the A. F. Verral, Division of Forest Pathology, face of another big crop highlights the wide Department it has been the custom to rule in cooperation with the Southern need for an intensive educational effort, In PISAE, that 95° F. in temperature with 55 percent Forest Experiment Station. The main factors which Cooperative Extension forces assume humidity when occurring at any work hour of this study, based in part on a project of a major part. State extension services and in the summer season are a good excuse for Finance Agency, are USDA agencies are engaged in a vigorous the Housing and Home dismissal for health and comfort security. in Special Release No. 39, obtainable program to explain the storage situation to found Under such a rule no letoffs were allowed direct the Division of Forest Pathology, farmers and urge them to re-seal on their from in 1952, but Office of Personnel claims they Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Md. farms the corn they have secured loans upon, and provide storage for the 1953 crop. got numerous uncomplimentary phone calls in respect to the heat nuisance. It still re- The main activity is in States with acute Farm phone rates situations—Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota, mains the policy not to close up shop for reasons, Nebraska, Illinois, and Missouri. warm weather even though it is The Bureau of Agricultural Economics in understood that certain office locations are a special survey finds that farmers paid 7 conducive to more discomfort for employees "Prof" Halpin retires percent more for telephone services in 1952 than for others elsewhere in the same agency. than the year previous. Based on returns James G. Halpin, for over 44 years an from 21.000 farmers throughout the country, outstanding poultry scientist and practical Minimum requirements it was found that about 40 percent of all poultryman, retired in May 1953 from the Agency heads have been given personal U. S. farms had telephone facilities. The University chairmanship of the of Wisconsin finance plans fiscal average monthly rate for the country in 1952 attention to for 1955, Poultry Department. A few of his dis- under direction of Secretary Benson to have was $4.62, including long-distance tolls. of college coveries made with the help the all budget estimates reflect minimum re- biochemists, veterinarians, and geneticists quirements and outlays. Development of Poultry market school included the early recognition of mineral recommendations for final submission to the for that artificial lights supplements poultry; Bureau of the Budget is in charge of Ralph A training school for salesmen, technicians, the discovery of vitamin increase egg output; S. Roberts, USDA Budget Officer, with J. public relations people and others in the D with Dr. Harry Steenbock, and its use in Coke, Assistant Secretary, as chairman packaging industry who contact poultrymen Earl winter rations; development of strains im- of the committee composed of John H. Davis, and processors will be held at the University, mune to several common diseases; and E. Short, Richard D. Aplin, and College Park. Md., September 9-11. USDA Romeo authorship of a chick feeding circular that R. L. Farrington. personnel and several container manufac- has had the greatest distribution of any turers and poultry councils are sponsors of single poultry bulletin from State experi- the course. O. F. Johndrew, Poultry Branch, ment stations. Production and Marketing Administration, JULY 15, 1953, Vol. XII, No. 14 has details for those interested. Hollyhock watchers USDA is published fortnightly for dis- Feather meal Since specimens of imported cotton stem- tribution to employees only, by direction of moth were found in New York State by the Secretary of Agriculture, and with ap- Waste feathers, once a drag on poultry Government entomologists a couple of years proval of the Director of the Bureau of the processing plants, are now made into a prac- ago, vigilance has been the rule lest it get Budget (July 1, 1952). as containing admin- tical and useful organic nitrogen meal for into its host plant the hollyhock or plants istrative information required for the proper species in fertilizers and other industrial outlets. The of this growing the cotton belt. transaction of the public business. Retirees If that happens this close relative of the pink Western Regional Research Laboratory at who write the editor requesting it may con- bollworm might eventually attack cotton tinue to get USDA Please write instead Albany, Calif., is the originating source of of through its second generation larvae. Hence phoning whenever possible; for rush orders the rendering process and G. H. Brother in surveys of moth larvae found boring holly- call Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of its Protein Division, has written a research hock stems or fruits is in order this summer, USDA, Office of Information, Department of sheet about this matter. Ask achievement all suspect specimens being sent to the Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C. for RAS-161 from the Office of Administrator, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine

ARA, USDA. office at Greenfield, Mass. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: I95S

4 ; SHARE THIS COPY Test your history

HEREWITH APPEAR casual references at random to events in the lives of a few former USDA leaders—Commissioners of Patents, Superintendents of Agriculture, Commissioners of Agriculture, and Secre- taries of Agriculture and you are to try 2 — and name each one. (Present officers 3 of the Department are not included.) Answers will be found in the Readers' FOR JULY 29, 1953 4 Reminders column. Data comes from the USDA Document No. 3, revised June 2, 1953, a mimeograph contribution orig- inally prepared by T. Swann Harding and associates. New leave law Book cooperation 1. What Commissioner of Patents, then heading up agricultural work, was CONGRESS APPROVED the conference IN 1950 the College of Agriculture of the the son of the third Chief Justice of the report on H. R. 4654, which relates to University of Nebraska and the USDA United States Supreme Court? annual leave requirements. Its provi- Library engaged in a cooperative pro- 2. What Commissioner of Patents was sions go into effect in general as of gram to provide general library services born in England and began life as an August 31, 1953. to the staff of the Department formerly apprentice in the sheet-metal trade? Among other things, this bill repeals served from the Department's Branch 3. What Superintendent of the Agri- the so-called Thomas amendment, which Library at Lincoln. This plan worked cultural Division, Patent Office, was a required that annual leave earned in one successfully and has now been extended mining engineer who studied chemistry calendar year be used before June 30 of so that substantially all general library in France with DuLong, Robinquet, and the succeeding year, or forfeited. The services for USDA's field personnel are Gay-Lussac, and who resigned because bill also reduces from 60 to 30 days the provided by cooperative arrangement of his southern sympathies in 1861 to amount of annual leave which an em- with Agricultural Colleges and Experi- enter the Confederate Government ployee may accumulate, and changes ment Stations. service? from the end of the last complete bi- The University of California College 4. What Commissioner of Agriculture weekly pay period to the beginning of the of Agriculture at Davis serves the De- bought a Virginia farm of 1,000 acres first complete biweekly pay period the partment staff on the west coast; Okla- in Prince William County but never lived date on which maximum leave accumula- homa A. & M. College at Stillwater serves there because his wife refused to move; tions will be computed. The annual the staff in the Southwest ; the University and thereupon he sought a Government leave ceiling of an employee who at the of Florida Experiment Station at Gains- job in Washington? This same char- end of the last complete pay period in ville serves the Southeast ; the University acter sent President Fillmore a prize calf 1952 was in excess of 30 days is not of Rhode Island at Kingston serves the which was exhibited in the United States affected, but the use during any leave Northeast; and the University of Ne- Capitol. year of an amount in excess of the em- braska continues to serve the North 5. the last Commissioner and ployee's accrual will automatically reduce Central States. The Forest Products Who was also the first Secretary of Agriculture, the maximum allowable accumulation. Laboratory Branch at Madison, Wis., had founded a farm journal at St. After August 31, terminal leave pay- will continue to provide general services who Louis? ments will be restricted. They can't ex- to the Department staff in the North 6. Secretary of Agriculture ran ceed 30 days for those employees who Central States. The research library What a tavern and stage line, was brevetted had less than 30 days of leave as of Janu- branches at Beltsville, at the four re- brigadier general at the end of the Civil ary 1, 1953, or the exact amounts for gional laboratories of the Bureau of War, later becoming governor of his leave as of January 1 for those employees Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, State and a good one? who had more than 30 days on that date. and at the Forest Products laboratories — 7. Secretary of Agriculture The heads of departments and agen- continue to be operated as part of the What was president of Texas A. & M. College and cies are authorized and directed to take research institutions which they serve. served as Secretary of the Treasury after such action as may be necessary to bring This new arrangement provides for leaving Agriculture? about, within a reasonable number of good general library services to the staff 8. What Secretary of Agriculture was years and consistent with the exigencies of the Department at somewhat less born in Idaho, left that State for Mon- of the public business, reductions in the than half the cost of maintaining tana to be a dairy helper and later was a accumulated annual leave to the credit of separate USDA branches and in return cerealist in USDA? employees which is in excess of the 30 provides some important services, such allowed. The Civil Service as free photocopying service to the days now Flood to Italy include in its annual institutions. Commission shall cooperating Francis A. Flood, Assistant Director of For- report to the Congress a statement of the eign Agricultural Service, left in July to be Agricultural Counselor for the Department of progress made in achieving these reduc- Cardon degreed again State at Rome, Italy. He had served as agri- for tions. This in turn means more work Dr. P. V. Cardon received an honorary cultural attache at Ottawa, Canada, prior to the departments and agencies figuring doctor of science degree in June at the Uni- his most recent period with FAS. Another Montana. He is director of the foreign service career man, John J. Haggerty, reductions in annual leave as versity of out the net Graduate School, and former administrator will be stationed at Bonn, Germany, as agri- time goes on. of the Agricultural Research Administration. cultural attach^.

263179°—53 Home Eoconomist. C. B. Darden, self-em- Foreign service ployed, North Carolina, Tobacco Specialist. Room and work for all M. H. Button, private industry, Wisconsin, General Agriculturist. H. A. Beck, USDA- in overseas as- been stated in EMPLOYEES SERVING SCS, Indiana, Agronomist. F. H. Robinson, SOMETHING VITAL has signments as carried on the active roster retired annuitant, Texas, Agricultural Econo- a recent issue of the Department of La- mist. J. R. Morris, Olaa Sugar Co., Hawaii, by USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service bor's Safety Standards, a magazine Extension Specialist. E. F. Weigle, Iowa will be listed in a series of issues here- State College, Iowa, Extension Specialist. devoted to the saving of life in work- after. The first section herewith as of H. K. Botch, Mont. Ext. Service, Montana, places. It relates to the membership and Extension Specialist. June 15 pertains to foreign technicians purposeful achievements of internal or- Israel—R. S. Besse, Oregon State College, employed in the Near East and Africa Oregon, Experiment Station Administrator. ganizations set up by employees for their W. W. Smith, Utah State College, Utah, benefit and improvement, such as our areas. In each case after the names ap- Bacteriologist. Ford M. Milam, Dept. of the pear the indicated previous employment, Army to India, West Virginia, Research Federal safety councils. Methodologist. present position in Within any organization there are two legal residence, and Jordan—E. W. Whitman, Univ. of Idaho, types of members, the statement de- the foreign service. Those who have just Idano, Chief Agriculturist. E. Mortensen, Texas Agr. Experiment Station, Texas, Horti- clares, who either fail to contribute or completed or will soon complete their as- culturist. C. Walker, private industry, fail to gain from the routine meetings signments are not included. Oregon, Farm Machinery Specialist. E. F. Vestal, Iowa State College, Iowa, Plant of the group. We quote: Egypt W. A. Hartman, USDA-PMA, Pathologist. J. W. Allen, USDA-BAI, Texas, — The first Is the "joiner." He is a person Agriculturist. E. G. Johnson, Veterinarian. H. S. Willard, Univ. of Wyo- Georgia, Chief who gets into an organization solely for what Wisconsin, Drainage Expert. ming, Wyoming, Anim. Husbandry Specialist. USDA-SCS, he can get out of It. He is not much inter- private industry, Missouri, Lebanon C. McKee, Montana State Col- W. W. Holman, — ested in contributing to the welfare and Specialist. Bradford Knapp, ege, Montana, Chief Agriculturist. M. Extension progress of the group. He Is there mainly Livestock Specialist. McDonald, Iowa State College, Iowa, Agr. USDA-BAI, Montana, to pick the brains of fellow members or to Univ., Minnesota, Extension Specialist. C. Y. Cannon. Iowa A. J. Schwantes, Minn. gain prestige from his association with them. Specialist. L. A. Brown, State College, Iowa, Animal Husbandman. Farm Machinery Since any organization can only be as good Dept. of the Army, Nevada, Soil Salinity V. V. Bowman, USDA-PMA. Virginia, Farm as the effort put Into it, each typical "joiner" Nordbt, USDA-BAI, Idaho, Marketing Specialist. D. L. DuBois, Dept. Specialist. J. E. tends to weaken the group. They lack the Improvement. L. E. of the Interior, Oregon, Irrigation Engineer. Head, Anim. Husbandry good old Christmas spirit the spirit of York, Poultry G. L. Terman, Univ. of Maine, Maine, Agron- — Weaver, retired annuitant. New giving. SDecialist. W. E. Wintermeter, omist. T. E. Shaw, Purdue Univ., Indiana, Extension Just as the spirit of giving is essential to Pennsylvania, Dairy Husbandry. Forestry Specialist. C. T. Beechwood, U. S. USDA-BDI, the progress of a group, so a willingness to Ruth Ethridge, Univ. of Miss., Mississippi, Army Civilian Serv., Pennsylvania, Veteri- narian. E. K. Rambo, Univ. of Arkansas receive Is necessary if an individual attains Home Economist. F. S. Ingersoll, private for India, transferred, Arkansas, the greatest benefit from participating. industry, Illinois, Hybrid Corn Specialist. Farm Machinery Specialist. R. I. Lancaster. There are those of us, who, because of long H. H. Hanson, Voc. School, Texas, Livestock USDA-Exten- sion, Oklahoma. Poultry Specialist. standing in the field in question, may be- Specialist. A. I. Tannous, USDA-FAS, Virginia, Rural come convinced that the councils have noth- R. Roskelley, Utah State College, Iran— W. Sociologist. ing to offer to us. We think we can solve Utah, Chief Agriculturist. C. S. Stephanides. Liberia F. E. Pinder, TCA, State Dept., our own problems. This is an unfortunate USDA-FAS, Virginia, Head, Anim. Husbandry — Pennsylvania, Chief Agriculturist. D. state of mind, and an unfair one for fellow Branch. F. A. Ralston, Mont. Ext. Service, Banks, Voc. Agr. Teacher, workers. Specialist. J. R. Alabama, Vocational Agr. Montana, Anim. Husbandry Regardless of the many answers we may Dawson, USDA-BDI, Pennsylvania, Dairy Specialist. C. C. Blickenstaff, USDA-BEPQ, Iowa, Entomologist. C. C. have, there is always a possibility of learning, Specialist. H. S. Kernan, self-employed, Lewis, Maryland State College, especially by an exchange of ideas in such New York, Forester. George Stewart, USDA- Maryland, Soil Specialist. T. Holsoe, West. Va. University. West Va. groups. And we are the loser if we close our Branch. B. G. t FS. Utah. Head, Agronomy minds and refuse to learn further. This Thompson, Oreg. Exp. Station, Oregon, Ento- Forester. C. E. Pegg, J"r„ Dept. of the Army, attitude is unfair to others because by hold- Regan, Univ of Mo., Mis- Colorado, Animal Husbandman. L. F. Hough, mologist. M. J. ing ourselves apart, we deny to others the Chief Agr. Division. Roy Sellers, Rutgers Univ., New Jersey, Plant Breeder. souri, Asst. benefit of our knowledge and experience. Office of Price Stabilization, Alabama, Chief, C. A. Walton, Texas A&M College. Texas, Cooperative Div. E. R. Halbrook, Mont. Exp. Agr. Production Specialist. W. T. Harris, It goes on to say that between those Montana, Negro County Agent, Extension Service, Station. L. R. Short, USDA-FS. who want only to gain and those who feel Range Specialist. H. C. Larsen, USDA-PMA, Georgia, Agr. Production Specialist. S. J. Wisconsin, Financial Advisor. Stanley McCorvey. Tuskegee Institute, Alabama, Agr. they have nothing to gain are the rest Specialist. L. Drake, National Production Authority, Mas- Production E. Fort, TCA, State of us. It is our spirit of impatience that sachusetts, Wool Specialist. G. T. Bottger, Dept., Florida, Agr. Production Specialist. hurts. familiar complaints USDA, BEPQ. California, Entomologist. C. F. G. Davis, Univ. of Maryland, Maryland, The are E. Skivar, self-employed, Kansas, Agrono- Credit Adviser. F. S. Buchanan, Univ. of heard, such as "the meetings aren't as E. Heath, self-employed. Florida, Idaho, Idaho, Research Director. mist. M. good as they used to be" and "we don't Agronomist. G. H. Enfield, Purdue Univ., Libya—V. D. Bailey, Exp. Station El Salva- Indiana, Agronomist. L. J. Horlacher, Dean, dor, Colorado, Chief Agriculturist. F. W. seem to accomplish anything." In the Agr. College Advisor. Univ. of Ky., Kentucky, Barber, Florida Ext. Serv., Florida, Agr. Ex- first case, the early meetings have glamor J. D. Elliott, S. W. Texas Teachers Coll., tension Officer. R. E. Russell, Voc. Agr. New York, Farm Machinery Specialist. P. K. Teacher, Missouri, Voc. Agriculture. W. M. because they are new; this fades fast Hooker, USDA-EXT, Maryland, Extension Buck, USDA-PMA, Pennsylvania, Wool Tech- but the accomplishments are often Agent. J. E. Christian. Georgia Ext. Service, nician. G. K. Framstad, South Dakota Col- steadier. In the second case, accom- Georgia, Extension Agent. V. C. Hendrick- lege, South Dakota, Agr. Extension Officer. son, Co. Agent, Univ. of Wis., Wisconsin, A. J. Rehling, Univ. of Illinois, Illinois, Agr. plishment is often long and hard, and it Extension Agent. A. N. Renshaw. Jr., Co. Extension Officer. A. Enriques, unemployed, cannot be measured in terms of one meet Agent, Univ. of Tenn., Tennessee, Extension New Mexico, Agr. Extension Officer. R. F. Agent. Jones, Alabama Ext. Serv., Alabama, Agr. ing, or of several. But every little bit Iraq C. H. Hammar, U. S. High Comm. — Extension Officer. M. Galli, Nevada Ext. of work and every little effort piles up, for Germany, Minnesota, Chief Agriculturist. Serv., Nevada, Anim. Husbandry Specialist. meeting, project after M. E. Olson, Co. Agent, Iowa State Col., H. E. Jenkins, Texas A&M College, Texas, meeting after Iowa, Extension Specialist. R. W. Gill, Voc. Agr. Extension Officer. L. E. Hatch, Dept. of project. By sticking to it, they believe, Agr. Teacher, Montana, Voc. Agr. Instructor. the Interior, Arizona, Forester. R. W. Ab- success can be finally achieved. S. H. Cain, Jr., unemployed, Texas, Cotton bott, Wisconsin Ext. Serv., Wisconsin, For- Specialist. S. C. Shttll. Univ. of Maryland, ester. C. M. Richardson, private industry, Maryland. Agricultural Marketing Specialist. Kentucky, Anim. Husbandry Specialist. Regional—W. B. Mabee, USDA-BEPQ, Ne- F. A. Cranston, High school teacher, Mon- L. W. Goyne, Vocational Services, Texas, Voc. Program Director for Locust Control. tana, Farm Machinery Repair Engineer. F. vada, Agr. Teacher. Thrailkill, USDA-BEPQ. Montana, R. Bradford, self-employed, Tennessee. Anim. R. B. Saudi Arabia—Mr. Edens, Arkansas State Assistant Program Director. Edith Mc- Husbandry Specialist. J. H. Mikkelson, College, Arkansas, Chief Agriculturist. T. J. State Dept., Washington, Mont. Extension Service, Montana, Extension Chesney, TCA Moon, citrus nursery, Texas, Specialist in Locust Control Officer. J. W. Kelly II, Specialist. H. W. Springfield, USDA-FS. D. C, Irrigation. R. O. Parker, private in- Georgia, Unit Supervisor. W. C. Mexico, Agrostologist. B. J. Barnes, Farm USDA-BEPQ, New Unit USDA-BPISAE, Texas, Agronomist. Bertha dustry, Oklahoma, Animal and Poultry Kurtz, USDA-BEPQ, Massachusetts, Strange, Arizona State College, Arizona, Specialist. Supervisor.

USDA: July 29, 1953 Milk market study Readers' reminders Brief and choice

INQUIRY INTO the details of handling Covers a big span Air observers wanted orders in the 49 different Federal milk Dr. Carl C. Taylor of Foreign Agriculture Secretary Benson in a memorandum to city market zones where the Department Service, formerly with the Bureau of Agricul- heads of all Department agencies asks them tural Economics, has written a new book to give full support to the Ground Observer operates through the Dairy Branch of entitled "The Farmers' Movement, 1620 to Corps program of sighting and detecting the Production and Marketing Admin- 1920." He has spent considerable time this enemy aircraft: He requests anyone who is able to do so should volunteer at the nearest istration has been proceeding through a year in conference with Point IV directors in the Middle and Far East. office of State Civilian Defense or the United special committee named by Secretary States Air Force Filter Center. object is to Ezra Taft Benson. The Please note Sound criteria clarify and improve the existing regula- Only one of the previously mentioned Experience has established the soundness tions and methods where feasible with- teaching outlines from Soil Conservation of the collection policy of the Federal land Service is available now. It is PA-201 An banks and the national farm out harm to the fundamental purpose loan associa- Outline for Teaching Conservation in High tions. Leaders point out that the governing of market stability, producer welfare, Schools. The one listed heretofore about principles in the Farm Credit Administration teaching conservation in elementary schools and consumer satisfaction. policy are: Is the borrower doing his honest has not been issued. best? Is he taking care of the security? Is These milk orders are instituted only he applying a fair share of the farm income, after formal applications are filed and Test your history answers above living expenses, to a reduction of the debt? Is he capable of working out from held in the affected public hearings are 1. Henry L. Ellsworth, native of Connecti- under a reasonable debt burden? areas. The first milk "licenses" and cut, son of Justice Oliver Ellsworth. 2. Thomas Ewbank of New York. 3. Thomas put into Vacancy procedure "marketing agreements" were Green Clemson, founder of Clemson College, The official procedure that necessitated force back in 1933 when the original South Carolina. 4. Isaac Newton, named to getting the approval of the Office of the the post by President Lincoln. 5. Norman Agricultural Adjustment Administration Secretary before filling any vacancies in the J. Colman of Missouri, founder of Colman's Department is canceled by Secretary's Memo was the supervisory and administrative Rural World. 6. Jeremiah M. Rusk, Wis- that became effective on July 1. Hereafter, consin farmer. 7. David J. Houston of North agent of the Department. Since then Bureau chiefs or their designated officers will Carolina. 8. William M. Jardine, named by determine before making any appoint- certain features of the laws pertaining President Coolidge. Limited copies of the new ment if (1) a position becoming vacant can to milk zone stability have been modified Document No. 3 are obtainable from the be eliminated, and (2) if present employees editor of USDA but we do not send more and amended in the light of experience. can be shifted to fill the vacancy. than one if possible to each inquirer. As of April 1953, 181,430 milk produc- Flea farming ers supplied milk to distributors and Purchasing co-ops Scientists must have living insects on dealers on the 49 markets where Federal Regional cooperatives specializing in farm which to try various new forms of repellants orders are in effect. The six largest supplies, numbering 53 in several States, did and insecticides. At the Orlando, Fla., a 1950-51 annual business of over $110,000,- laboratory of the Bureau of Entomology and follows: producer groups were as New 000. In addition, 62 regional marketing Plant Quarantine, oriental rat fleas are York area, 49,767; Chicago, 23,890; Bos- co-ops buying less than $5,000,000 in supplies propagated on the white rat in large num- a year did $52,000,000 of business. Coopera- bers and ordinary cat fleas are multiplied on ton, 12,867; Detroit, 12,684; Philadelphia, tive Research and Service Division of Farm dogs. All the methods and materials used 8,047; and Minneapolis-St. Paul, 5,860. Credit Administration has Miscellaneous Re- are set forth for other flea raisers in ET-308, Average daily quantity of receipts of port No. 171 about the operations of these issued by EPQ. Householders already well regionals. It is written by Martin Abra- supplied with fleas wouldn't find this useful. milk from producers on all markets in hamsen and Anne L. Gessner. Apply to April 1953 was about 79 million pounds. Director of Information and Extension, FCA, Cranberry preferences South Building, USDA. This was an average of 436 pounds per In studies at Topeka, Kans., and Boston, market researchers from the day from each producer. Mass., last fall Two new soybeans Bureau of Agricultural Economics and the Total average daily amount of whole Credit Administration found out which Two new soybean varieties developed by Farm consumer of cranberries pre- milk sold on these markets was 35,505,000 USDA plant breeders and their State asso- package the ferred the 1-pound cellophane bag or the ciates are listed as the J'ackson, most — pounds, not counting fluid cream. More 1 box package. Consumers suitable for the Southeast region, and Clark, -pound window choice bought 3 cellophane than 2 million pounds of fluid skim milk to be released to seed growers in 1954 by left to their free cranberries every window-box agricultural experiment stations in Iowa, bags of to were also sold daily on all the markets. package. Those favoring the bags said they Nebraska, Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri. utilized in fluid the berries better while those who Milk form represented This makes 12 varieties in a series of su- could see window-box packages thought about 60 percent of the total producer perior soybeans for the different production bought the protection. areas that have been developed in the past they afforded more receipts on all markets this April com- 12 years. For details on them ask USDA pared with almost 67 percent in April editor for 1396 (Clark) and 1509 (Jackson). Revise travel allowances 1952. The Bureau of Agricultural Economics has informed its employees of a revision in the E. R. Draheim, Office of Personnel, was Dated periodicals presently inadequate per diem and mileage elected president of the Society for Personnel The Government Printing Office issues at rate allowances, effective July 1, 1953, as Administration. A reception for the new intervals work schedules for all the regular follows: Per diem—$9 per day for travel in officers of this organization was held on June dated periodicals authorized for publication excess of 24 hours when performed by a 23 at the Willard Hotel. in the various departments. The schedule common carrier or by privately owned auto- gives the date for providing copy and illus- mobile at a mileage rate of iV2 cents, with Herbert Marti dies trations and thence on through to the com- per diem allowance not to exceed travel Herbert P. Marti, who worked for the Fed- pleted date of delivery. Responsible persons time by common carrier; $8 per day for travel eral Government for over 35 years, and who are expected to adhere to the schedule. less than 24 hours, when traveling in had planned to retire on June 30, 1953, died privately owned automobile at 7 cents per suddenly of a heart attack on June 26. Mr. Tractor plows save forests mile: and /or when traveling by State or Fed- Marti started his career with the Government eral car—except that the $9 per diem rate as a mechanical draftsman for the old Forest Service announcement says that in will apply in cities previously authorized; Bureau of Chemistry on June 29, 1918. He the South from January 1 to November 1, per diem in one locality will be limited to later went with the Exhibits Service when 1952, 1,266 of the 2.820 forest fires were $6 for periods of 30 to 60 days and $5 for it was under the Extension Service, and brought under control with tractor plows. periods of 30 to 90 days, unless special cir- transferred with the rest of the Exhibits Each three-man plow unit is said to equal cumstances would warrant specific approval. Service employees when this work was taken 12 to 20 men with hand tools on the firelines. The 4V2 cents per mile is for point-to-point into the Office of Information in 1942. Mr. Get details of the effective work done by travel by privately owned automobile and the Marti was laid to rest in his native home tractor plows by asking USDA editor for 7 cents per mile is for rural travel or when community at Saginaw, Mich. No. 1535. more than one employee travel together.

USDA: July 29, 1953 Messenger to executive Nonpublic research funds Honor to Dr. Adams Henry G. Herrell, first employed in the De- The statistics in the annual report of the Dr. Georgian Adams, Experiment Station partment as a messenger in 1927 at 17 years, agricultural experiment stations show that Administrator (Nutrition) in the Office of is now promoted to assistant chief of the a trifle more than $5,000,000 was made avail- Experiment Stations, was made an honorary Bureau of Entomolog. and Plant Quarantine, able in fiscal 1952 through special endow- member of Omicron Nu, national home eco- in charge of administration. He succeeds ments, industrial fellowships and similar nomics society, at the biennial meeting of funds nonpublic Ralph A. Sheals, who retired June 30 after from sources. The sum is that group in Ames, Iowa. Her citation about one-eighth of 35 years of Federal work. the total State-appro- commended her work in furthering research priated funds derived from public support. interests in home economics. Mixed feed business Appreciated plaudit Sirens for woods fires Geographic importance and growth of the S. B. Detwiler, Boulder, Colo., in sending to Woods workers and loggers are handy re- mixed feed industry has long deserved a spe- this office for some releases offered to readers, cruits to fight forest fires in the Superior cial examination. Through Marketing Re- wrote: "June 17 issue of USDA is excellent. National Forest of Minnesota. To summon search Report No. 38, a fairly complete pic- It is full of interesting items. Good Work!" them by alert signal to report to their camp ture is given of the volume and trade Dairy for instructions the best method yet found problems in this rising industry. Two work- worker honored is to install electric sirens on a light air- ers in the of Agricultural Economics Dr. J. W. Thomas, of the Nutrition and Bureau plane. Smoke and explosive bombs were are its authors W. R. Askew and V. John Physiology Division, Bureau of Dairy Indus- — found rather ineffective and somewhat Brensike. Limited copies may be had from try, received the first of three $1,000 awards dangerous in prior experiments. The air- BAE's Publications and Information Section, for outstanding contribution to animal nu- plane dispatchers have maps of the logging or at a price of 10 cents each from the trition research presented by the American Super- areas with estimated numbers of their crews intendent of Documents, Government Print- Feed Manufacturers Association. The award by means of which the siren calls are made ing Office. was given at the recent meeting of the Ameri- effective also for warning firefighters who can Dairy Science Association at Madison, — face danger from being trapped or locating Wis. A native of Utah, Dr. Thomas studied Miss Scudder's new post persons lost in the woods. for degrees at Utah State College, the Uni- Frances Scudder, leader of New York State versity of Wisconsin, and Cornell University. Pauly retirement home demonstration work since 1944, is the new Chief of the Division of Home Economics Knipling replaces Bishopp Elmer G. Pauly, PMA, has retired after 31 Programs in the Extension Service here. She Dr. F. C. Bishopp, who has been associated years in the Government Service. He had been employed by Extension Service since with USDA since 1904, has joined the Oscar assisted in 1933 in organizing the first county last December on a consultant basis. During Johnston Cotton Foundation as a coordina- wheat production control associations under World War II she headed up nutrition work tor of Federal, State, and industry sponsored the original AAA act. He later was assistant for the Emergency Food Commission in New research on the pink bollworm, with head- to the Director of the Western Region, AAA, York City. She won a superior service award quarters at Brownsville, Tex. He is succeeded and more recently has been on the staff of from USDA in 1951. as assistant chief of the Bureau of Entomol- the Assistant Administrator, PMA. Before ogy and Plant Quarantine by Dr. Edward F. joining Agriculture Mr. Pauly was Assistant More certified seed Knipling, who has been leader in the Divi- Chief of the Far Eastern Division of the sion of Insects Affecting Man and Animals. Commerce Department and was an advisor According to the Pacific annual compilation of He was in charge of the Orlando, Fla., labora- on problems to the First Interna- certified seed stocks produced State crop tional Conference by tory during World War II, and received the on the Limitation of associations offi- Armaments. improvement and other Medal of Merit from the President of the He was later appointed United cial agencies, the grand total figures are as United States. States Commercial Attache and served at follows: Acreage of seed certified, 1,729,639; several Far Eastern posts. He is the author bushels certified, 65,654,588; pounds certi- Morse emphasizes safety of numerous published works on Australasia. fied, total stolens, Mr. and Mrs. Pauly plan to travel abroad 135,509,700: 3,540,000; and Under Secretary True D. Morse has asked ex- 29,634,000 certified strawberry plants. J. M. tensively before settling down in California. heads of all Department Agencies to have Saunders, extension agronomist, Ex- USDA their field offices cooperate fully with the Service, is author the listings. Mapman Wright retires tension of nearest Federal Field Safety Councils. He suggests that they find out if fully trained Representatives of a dozen Federal depart- Dixie tops for pulp first-aid workers are needed, and then make ments and agencies attended the farewell party for Marshall S. Wright, Assistant For the third consecutive year the South's arrangements to secure instructors to give the to the basic first-aid course or bring up to date the Director, Office of Plant and Operations, who 63 pulpmills broke all previous production certificates of those already trained. list retired June 30. A native of Idaho, records to again lead the Nation. The A Mr. safety council officers by Wright's first Government job was in Southern Forest Experiment Station reports of area States was 1915 distributed with the memorandum. as a cadastral engineer in the Department a total Southern cut of 14,564,000 cords of of the Interior doing land surveys. He then pulpwood. That is exactly 58 percent of the Payroll savings gain spent several years with the Forest Service at United States output last year. During the period from March to June the Ogden, Utah, and in the Chief Engineer's office at Washington, D. C. He transferred Awards banders out employee participation in the payroll savings plan showed an increase of almost 2 percent. in 1935 to the Soil Conservation Service as the Cartographic Under Secretary True D. Morse named these It means that about 43 percent of all USDA Chief of Division, and in persons to serve on the Department Efficiency employees on the rolls are buying United 1937 he joined the Office of the Secretary, in charge of all aerial photographic, Awards Committee: N. R. Bear, Office of Per- States savings bonds through the payroll topo- graphic, planimetric, sonnel, chairman, James H. McCormick, Of- allotment system. Secretary Benson wants and cadastral surveys. Subsequently he went with P. fice of Information; John L. Wells, Budget at least half of the employees to join this & O. and was to many important and Finance; with E. E. Kriegesman, Pers, plan. Get authorization cards from your named committees and office. panels including defense work and the co- as executive secretary. Their duty is to personnel consider and recommend to the agencies ordination of Federal surveying and map- laws on books recent those entitled to get efficiency awards and Use now ping. In years Mr. Wright also served official delegate cash awards for suggestions for amounts in John H. Davis, Director of Commodity as to technical conferences excess of $100. The committee has general Marketing and Adjustment, said in a talk in Rome, London, and Buenos Aires. In 1949 supervision of the entire employee awards before the American Seed Trade Association he received the USDA superior service award. program, including ways to stimulate new in June: "In the short run we have no interest and participation. choice but to rely heavily on the existing farm programs (nonrecourse loans, purchase JULY 1953, Vol. XII, No. 15 May employment agreements, marketing agreements, acreage 29, allotments, and marketing quotas). The USDA is published fortnightly for distribu- Full-time employment of USDA numbered farm programs of today are being put to tion to employees only, by direction of the 58,036 on May 31, 1953. This compares with their most severe test. At no time during Secretary of Agriculture, and with approval 56,412 one month earlier. Part-time and the past have we had the great volume of of the Director of the Bureau of the Budget intermittent employment declined slightly, production and the piling up of surplus at (July 1, 1952), as containing administrative from 13,589 in April to 13,541 in May. With as fast a rate as at present. » « « it is information required for the proper transac- both regular and part-time employment as clear that In the short run this adminis- well as employment outside of the United tration must tackle the farm problem with tion of the public business. Retirees who editor requesting it, States included, the total paid employment all the vigor at its command, using laws write the may continue was 71,625, or a gain of 1,672 since April now on the books. It must be our goal to get USDA. Please write instead of phon- 30, 1953. Separations within the United to do this in both a more efficient and a ing whenever possible; for rush orders call States totaled 1,496 for full-time employees more adequate manner, leaving no doubt in Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of in May, with the greatest percentage lying the farmer's mind as to our intention on USDA, Office of Information, Department of within the resignations category. this point." Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1953 j_ :_. ,.,

Laurels for "Lupe" SHARE THIS COPY GUADALUPE VALDEZ received an award on June 3 for completion of 20 years of service with the Bureau of BRA Entomology and Plant Quarantine He " is one of the few Mexican Nationals to OlBRENL-SIBJALi have received such an award from any USDA Bureau. The presentation was made in Brownsville, Tex., while Mr. Valdez was on the job inspecting for FOR AUGUST 12, 1953 citrus blackfly, a pest feared by citrus U. S. DEPARTMENT OF fcirirCULTURE growers of this country. The only wit- nesses were the other inspection crew members. Although Lupe can't speak English, his mist-clouded eyes as he ac- The GPO received the final leaflet Aids to decision cepted the award expressed his apprecia- copy on July 16, and had them set up and tion. TEAM WORK by several USDA agencies run off at 70,000 copies an hour, complet- *'You should have seen the smile on his plus cooperation from other Government ing the mailing on July 19 Luckily, the face and the handshaking and embrac- departments was particularly evident in GPO and the U.S. Post Office are located ing that went on after the presentation," the recent, rush job of providing eligible in the same building in Chicago Splen- writes B. C. Stephenson, Assistant Proj- wheat growers with basic information did cooperation from the GPO and the ect Leader of Citrus Blackfly Control, respecting the pros and cons of the Au- supervisors of the mails at Chicago Post who presented the award. "I am sure Office it possible to supply the gust 14 referendum on the question of made this is one certificate that will be framed having marketing quotas for 1954. Such counties with their leaflets early in the and hung on the wall of Lupe's humble cooperation made it possible to have the week of July 19. Individual wheat grow- home, and that the pin which accom- ers thereupon received their copies circular in the mails within 4 days after panied it will be worn with pleasure and Secretary Benson issued his proclama- promptly from their own PMA county much honor to the Bureau." tion on the allotments. offices. A faithful, loyal and valuable em- Information personnel of the Depart- Kansas, the leading wheat State, re- ployee, Mr. Valdez has been more or less ment cooperated with subject matter ceived 265,030 county copies and 13,500 in charge of BEPQ's Mexican fruitfly specialists in writing a leaflet "The reserves for the Kansas State PMA office. work conducted in Matamoros, Mexico, Wheat Quota Referendum," which pre- At the other extreme, Delaware with 3 just across the Rio Grande from Browns- wheat counties got 3.270 for county dis- sented all the background facts neces- ville, for many years. He has also sary to give growers unbiased advance tribution and 200 reserve copies for the assisted in blackfly and pink bollworm information before they do their voting State PMA office. surveys in Matamoros in recent years. Meantime, Extension Service, for or against the quota proclaimed to Farm His son, Francisco ("Little Lupe") is now Credit Administration, conform to acreage allotments as an- Farmers Home employed by BEPQ in citrus blackfly nounced on July 15. Administration, Soil Conservation Serv- surveys in Mexico and the United States. This brief, single-fold leaflet totaled ice, and the Bureau of Agricultural Eco- 2,660,000 copies. The distribution nomics received enough copies of the was Hedges memorial determined in the Production and Mar- explanatory leaflet for county extension Friends of the late Harold Hedges, Farm keting Administration offices agents and field representatives. on the Credit Administration, have established a number of wheat allotments in each The Office of Information coordinated "Harold Hedges Memorial Fund" as a student loan fund at the University of Nebraska, his county in 1950, plus an estimated mar- the supplementary nationwide releases alma mater. Contributions to this memorial gin for landlords and absentee owners on the referendum through press re- fund may be sent to A. W. McKay. FCA, at Washington, D. C, who is serving tempo- of wheat farms, calculated from the leases, radio interviews and spot an- rarily as secretary of the fund. U. S. Census figures. (Previously in nouncements as additional help to ex- McLeaish heads FHA preparation for the referendum the plain the whys and wherefores of the Secretary Benson for his under- necessary number of printed ballots had forthcoming balloting. The whole idea Praised by standing of farmers' financial problems dur- been distributed to all the counties con- was to carry out the intention of Secre- ing experiences in Texas agriculture, Robert McLeaish was sworn into office last month cerned—something like 1,700,000 in tary Benson to do everything possible to B. as Administrator of the Farmers Home Ad- number.) help growers reach their own decisions ministration. He has served as executive vice president of the Sugatex Corp. engaged Mailing lists carefully made up for without bias. in processing stock feed from citrus waste about 2,900 wheat-growing counties in During World War II Mr. McLeaish served on advisory committees for the War Food Ad- all States were immediately taken to the Production Board, Office Boost payroll thrift ministration, War Chicago field plant of the Government of Price Administration, and War Manpower Fairly good returns have come Into the Commission. He served in the Army in Printing Office, together with the U. S. Office of Personnel since they distributed ma- World War I. He has had business connec- frank address labels to cover the pack- terials and explanatory statements about the tions with companies engaged in farm and value of buying Government savings bonds townsite developments, and as manager of age mailing. Besides the regular county under the payroll deduction method. The the cooperative citrus exchange in the Rio packages, there was an extra reserve of kit of materials was sent to heads of all Grande Valley. He holds a degree from St agencies and Department savings bond co- Mary's University of Galveston, and did grad- percent of the leaflets sent to 5 State ordinators. All further supplies in quantity uate studies in accounting and business PMA Committee offices to meet emer- for boosting payroll savings for field offices administration at the University of Texas. are supplied through Treasury State Head- He is 54 years of age, is married, and has gencies. quarters offices. three sons. 264595°—53 other on sire numbers. Each sire's Dairy digits record is kept separately and each in- id on the side coming cow record is checked and posted THE NATION'S central dairy record- to the respective sire card. A detail cow WE KIDS in our old valley used to won- keeping office where vital information record card provides such machine- der sometimes when we saw the older in the selection of superior breeding made items as the herd owner and his folks get sort of sentimental when they stock is compiled from data received State, date reported, cow identification started to talk to each other and their from the State Extension dairymen is number, breed, date of birth, sire elderly neighbors about early times and located in the basement of the South num- ber, number, chums and old fashioned things and Building and administered by the dam calving date, days in milk, actual milk and butterfat weight, places they used to know so well and like. Bureau of Dairy Industry. and the calculated milk butterfat We could never get that kind of feeling The Division of Dairy Herd Improve- and equivalent at maturity. talking to other kids about the last term ment Investigations is headed by Dr. In the files covering artificial breeding of school or the time we got into troiDuble J. P. Kendrick. The millions of pro- in a neighbor's melon patch, or the duction records from association herds associations as of October 1951 there w^ were a total of 39,073 sire we had to cut and tote kindlings and run" and artificial breeding cooperatives are and 81,000. daughter records. errands. Mostly we thought of those analyzed and maintained in a clerical Tabulation of these things as ordinary stuff and even laughed work unit headed by Luella Dever, a records involved about 1,400,000 calcula tions. As of the there are esti- about it to each other—instead of wiping native of Missouri, and Doris J. Keevil, moment mated to about our eyes over it, like they often did. It from New York State—the latter receiv- be 4,000,000 305-day pro- took us kids several long years and a lot ing a superior service award this year duction records on file. The staff has of summers and winters and bad luck for planning, developing, and operating been keeping up currently in its task of and warm friendships to find out finally the largest dairy cattle record system recording and filing the data, Mrs. Keevil states. why our older relations got misty and of its kind in the world. Supervision With about 10,000 records re- moisty over recollections of the past. and management of the computing ma- ceived weekly, their April assignment by 15. But we lived long enough to learn in the chines and wiring the control boards is was done May However, because long run, and the learning of it wasn't the job of Alex Arany. of limited personnel not all the sires are always nice and pleasant, either; al- Not only are these voluminous records proved. Inasmuch as these data are though the bright and happy things got used to "prove" large numbers of dairy urgently needed in the States, the rule is sires all mixed up in it, too. After we got old sires, but they are useful in analyzing to prove the as requested first and then the youngest ones rest enough to begin to look elderly ourselves the progress that is being made in many —doing the to the rising generation this custom of individual herds with the object of fund- as fast as possible, always giving the getting softheaded grew on us about ing improved inheritance. The original cattle breeds equal attention. what we used to do in the valley and the records after being processed and micro- friends we had there to make life more filmed are returned to the State Exten- cheerful and better. It's probably all sion dairymen for their permanent files. right for a little feeling like that to come Similar, but not as extensive, lactation THIS SELECTION is from a talk before up between folks, and no doubt the moral record IBM machine systems are main- the 1952 meeting of the Association for in it is to live every day to the fullest and tained in State Colleges of Wisconsin, the Advancement of Science, by A. J. so store up more good memories instead Utah, Washington, and New York. Carlson, Department of Physiology. of a lot of sorry regrets. In that case a According to Mrs. Keevil, the adap- University of Chicago: bit of sentiment at sundown won't startle tation of the work to mechanical pro- It seems obvious that as a citizen the us anymore or make us wonder why it cedures using the latest designs of IBM scientist's social responsibility is at least as great as his understanding of man and happens. machines has enabled their reduced nature. What he can contribute to a saner clerical force of around 60 employees and a happier life for man is not little, to carry on the work formerly done by but unless we tackle this difficult task at One day last month our Inquiries and Dis- once, it may be too late, considering the tribution Section got a query from a young- about 100 persons. The battery of mod- current hysteria, fear, hate, and preparations ster in California. It read: "Department of ern automatic marvels for fast and accu- for more destructive wars. Our age is not Agriculture, dear sir: please tell me what yet an age of science, even in our intellec- rate recording includes a "604" electronic food flies like to eat best. I want to invent tually and scientifically most advanced a fly catcher. Thanks for the information." calculator which does 100 items per nations. minute regardless of the individual com- When the shadows beckon men of my New council members years, we still have our children, we still putations required; a "405" tabulator; have our dreams. I dream of a day when our Here is the list of newly elected members a "cardatype" which is a punchcard acti- leaders will actually put the principles of of the USDA Employee Council for 1953: William E. Weir, Office of the Secretary; Miss vated typewriter that performs 600 science and democracy to work in our land, in politics, in industry, in trade, in educa- Vashti Davis, Library; Frederick A. Coffey. characters per minute of straight, non- tion; when understanding will more than Bureau of Agricultural Economics; Dr. tabular work which requires no proof- hold its own against superstition, guile, and Thomas Bartilson, Agricultural Research Ad- greed, and when force and violence is re- ministration; Mrs. Enid R. Larsen, Soil Con- reading. They also use high-speed sort- placed by conference, compromise, and ap- servation Service; Chris L. Schultz, Rural ers, the usual interpreter, collators, and proximate justice in domestic and foreign Electrification Administration; John C. ordinary card punch machinery. relations. Scanlan, Farm Credit Administration; and I think we can say, even in the face of George F. Picot, Federal Crop Insurance Cor- The original data arrive on punch current fears and pessimism, that during poration. For Alternates; Richard B. Steven- card forms from the State colleges, but the ups and downs of the past thousands of son, Sec; Harry E. Smallwood, Lib; Glenn D. years man has gradually acquired more un- Simpson, BAE; Louis G. Davis, ARA; Edward these are certified before proceeding derstanding, more freedom from fear, more B. Garvey, SCS; Miss Shirley M. Sawyer, with the intricate system of recording, dignity, greater kindness, and a clearer con- REA; Paul Tomasello, FCA; and Mary R. ception of justice. For slowly but surely, the Fuchs, FCIC. Consultants are Henry F. calculating, sorting, and duplicating. understanding of man provided by science Shepherd and C. O. Henderson, both of Pers chairman: Two files of identical records are main- will help to make our life more intelligent, Officers are Roland Rotty, FS, toil more cheerful, and fear, hatred, pain, James Alford, Inf, vice chairman, and Gen- tained—one on cow numbers and an- and tears less prevalent in our existence. evieve Hoskinson, FHA, secretary.

USDA; August 12, 1953 Powell dies Wheat insect controls E. C. Brief and choice Edwin C. Powell, 83, retired Chief Editor of A new leaflet, "Insects in Farm-Stored the Department of Agriculture, and well- Wheat and How to Control Them" has proved Bermuda hybrids known bulb grower, died July 11, 1953. Mr. a popular and timely publication. Copies of Powell came to the Department March 1921 Leaflet No. 345 are distributed by the In- Two new Bermuda grass hybrids of promise as Assistant in Information in the Press quiries and Distribution Service, Office of have been developed by Dr. Glenn W. Burton Service, after serving as writer and editor Information here. and associates at the Georgia Coastal Plain for leading farm journals. In 1922 he joined Experiment Station under Federal-State re- the Division of Publications and served as Best grasshopper poisons search. Suwannee Bermuda and Tiffine chief editor for 18 years, retiring in March Bermuda have improved qualities over other 1940 to his narcissus farm, Hermitage Gar- Test reports of the minimum effective varieties in use. dens, a few miles north of Washington, D. C. doses of certain insecticides required to con- grasshoppers in the are issued by Mr. Powell came from a line of distin- trol West Duckworth to Mexico guished fruit growers from the Hudson the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quar- Valley of New York. His father was the first antine as of July 1953. This technical re- Dr. Charles U. Duckworth, a past president president of the American Pomological port is listed as E-860, obtainable direct of the U. S. Livestock Sanitary Association, Society and his brother, G. Harold Powell, from EPQ by those concerned with latest is on a special assignment from Secretary wa's with the Department of Agriculture, control experiments. Benson to work with the Mexican Govern- where he distinguished himself in horticul- ment in helping to find a solution to the ture and improved transportation of fruits, For corn harvesters problem of eradication of foot-and-mouth later becoming head of the California Fruit disease. Growers Association. A plaque in honor of Statistics on numbers of silos and kinds of G. Harold Powell may be seen at the entrance silage made, as well as the main changes Shock sandals to the West Wing, first floor of the Admin- seen in recent years in methods of cutting istration Building, USDA. and handling the corn crop for grain—which It is believed that a new approach to the Edwin C. Powell was especially interested accounts for almost 90 percent of the entire reduction of injuries to smokejumpers land- in the growing of narcissus bulbs and other crop—are carried in two new bulletins by the ing at forest fires may be devised through flowers, in which he became a national au- Bureau of Agricultural Economics. "Har- perfection of special sandals to be worn by thority. About 50 of his narcissus hybrid- vesting the Silage Crops" is Statistical Bulle- the men so as to cushion the impact and the izations are registered with the Royal Horti- tin No. 128, and "Harvesting Corn for Grain" sting when hitting the ground. Further cultural Society in London. In his editorial is Statistical Bulletin No. 129. Write to the announcements on use and development of and information services he built up a repu- Bureau's information and distribution the sandals will follow more repeated field tation for strict integrity and for perfection services. trials at Missoula, Mont., by the U. S. Forest of style; and, in collaboration with Dr. M. C. Service. Merrill, chief of publications, did much to Seeding grasses establish the prevailing high quality of USDA CCC work stands up literature. In connection with tests to develop bet- A native of Ghent, N. Y., Mr. Powell gradu- ter ways of getting stands of clover and Region No. 3 of the U. S. Forest Service ated from Cornell University in 1893. Sur- grasses, the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, issued a bulletin note early this summer viving are his wife, Grace; a daughter, Mrs. and Agricultural Engineering finds that ex- about the relative durability of construction Beatrice Wilcox, Meriden, Conn.; 7 grand- cellent results comes from drilling the seed at camps and recreation spots by the Civilian children and 5 great-grandchildren. one-fourth inch deep and placing the fer- Conservation Corps of 1933-36. A survey of tilizer in bands an inch below the seed. Data buildings, towers, fences, and truck trails on various angles to this experiment may which the CCC boys produced 20 years ago be had by asking the Editor of USDA for give remarkable evidence that their work No. 1645. was well supervised and planned. Former members of the CCC have written to the FS Labor bibliography Using shells and pits supervisors with gratitude over the stability of the work performed. Library List 59 is an annotated bibliogra- At the Northern Regional Research Labora- of selected references phy on migratory labor tory at Peoria, 111, they have been making in the United States. It is printed under headway in converting waste nut shells and World "horsepower" May 1953 date and was compiled by Josiah C. fruit pits into antiskid agents for tires, plas- Foreign Agricultural Service statisticians Polsom, Bureau of Agricultural Economics. tic fillers, and poultry-house floor litter. report that as of 1953 world horse numbers Information from this project is found in about 75 million head. This is a drop of The beef were boom AIC-352, written by T. F. Clark and E. C. about 1 million head from 1952, while com- Lathrop, obtainable from the aforesaid lab- de- Information on the special promotion ef- pared with the prewar years 1935-38 the oratory, 825 North University St., Peoria, 5, mechani- fort by USDA and associated agencies in the cline is 22 percent. More extensive 111., direct the of Agricul- areas commercial and educational fields to help or from Bureau zation in the more advanced farming Chemistry consumers and producers make the most of tural and Industrial at the De- of the world caused a decline in spite of the the beef-supply situation are carried in a partment in Washington, D. C. continued upward trend of horse numbers in four-page fact sheet, issued July 10, 1953. U. S. S. R., Asia, and parts of Africa. Copies are available from the Editor of USDA. "Run barns" described "M. L" has retired County agent activity "Loose Housing for Dairy Cattle" is a new publication by the Department on a widely Milburn Lincoln Wilson, one of the best A new statistical report of the work and practical subject. The authors are Thayer known and best liked leaders in agriculture accomplishments of over 9,500 county exten- Cleaver and Robert C. Yeck, engineers in today, has retired from Government service. sion agents, both white and Negro, for calen- the Division of Farm Buildings and Rural He began as one of the first Montana county dar year 1952, has been released by the Ex- Housing, PISAE. Design of the milking and agents in 1912. He first came to USDA in tension Service. This 45-page bulletin is resting areas and recommendations for hous- 1924 as head of the Division of Farm Man- Circular 487, by Amelia S. Gordy, Division of ing calves and bulls and providing hospital agement and Costs. After another period Field Studies and Training. and maternity accommodations are well with Montana State College as head of the presented. It is Agricultural Information economics department, Mr. Wilson joined the Vacation helps Bulletin No. 98, generally distributed by the old Agricultural Adjustment Administration Office of Information. in 1933 as head of the wheat section. Later The employee activities office of the Wel- he went into the Department of the Interior fare Recreation Association Homestead Divi- and has main- Suggestions in order to set up the Subsistence tained a handy collection of vacation how sion. In July 1934 he was named Assistant and where ideas and booklets. Some of it is Cash awards specified to employees for Secretary of Agriculture, later Under Secre- "for keeps" and the rest is rented from their valuable suggestions under Public Law 600, tary; and subsequently served as Director of library. 79th Congress, are as follows: Savings to Extension until January 1953. To name all $1,000—$5 for each $100, with a minimum the outstanding honors and international Warehouse directory of $10 for any idea accepted; from $1,000 to services he has received and performed would $10,000—$50 for the first $1,000, $5 for each almost fill this column. He has taken a Production and Marketing Administra- additional $200; $10,000 to $100,000—$275 position with the Ford Foundation, and will tion's Transportation and Warehouse Branch for the first $10,000 of savings, $5 for each probably accept some temporary missions for has issued the third directory of refriger- additional $1,000; and $100,000 or more—$725 the Extension Service in the meantime as ated storage warehouses in the United States, for the first $100,000 of savings, and $5 for occasion permits. M. L. has always been a 92 pages processed. It gives the name, ad- each additional $5,000, with $1,000 as the clear thinker and a resolute champion of dress, and type of operation of every ware- maximum. One USDA agency with an allot- progress, and has maintained a homely phi- house currently cooperating with USDA in ment of $25,000 for awards only paid out $300 losophy that has kept him close to the soil issuing monthly cold storage reports. in the 1952 fiscal year. and farm folks.

USDA: August 12, 1953 ,

Lots of questions Slight distinction maybe "Nature on edge" Division of Special An authority in the During a recent conference among Office The above is the theme of the 53d annual Farm Statistics said lately that experience of Personnel people here an agency personnel meeting of the Society of American Foresters, teaches the value of preparing the right kind officer was inquiring about the status of an to be held at Colorado Springs, Colo.. Sep- of effective questionnaires. The Agricultural employee with reference to RIF procedures. tember 14-17. All interested persons, mem- Estimates branch of BAE sends out about "In this case we don't want to dismiss him bers or otherwise, are welcome. 10 million of them every year and ought to but we'd like to terminate his services," it know something about building them well. was explained. Storage rules observed The USDA clubs Corn borer trouble Commodity Credit Corporation, as required under existing legislation, conducts In a circular prepared by E. R. Draheim State and Federal entomologists find that its storage operations subject to the following and Lu Gibbons, Office of Personnel, a short some trouble may occur in the Corn Belt restrictions: (1) No interest is acquired in clubs is presented. The history of the USDA States this season from ravages of the sec- real property for storage purposes unless by former Secre- it is first clubs were suggested ond brood of European corn borers. Indica- determined by the Corporation that existing tary Meredith, with the pioneer clubs E. T. tions of a big second brood development were privately owned storage facilities for the Francisco, Denver, soon formed in San announced in July as apt to appear early in storage of the commodity in the area con- York City, and Portland, Albuquerque, New August in that area. This is a part of the cerned are not adequate; and (2) to the States. Oreg. Today there are 84 in 40 widespread cooperative insect warning serv- maximum extent practicable, consistent with ice. the fulfillment of the Corporation's purposes Broad field ahead and the effective and efficient conduct of its Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Package television business, the Corporation utilizes the usual Chemistry points out that there is a greater and customary channels, facilities, and ar- The Office of Information has been con- incentive for young chemists to put their rangements of trade and commerce in the ducting a 13-week test with a package series energies into the agricultural field. This is warehousing of its commodities. of agricultural features to determine to partly because of the newer tools and tech- what extent such program package materials can niques available. These include chroma- Return visit be used by stations that televise agricultural tography, ion-exchange resins, differential Zelta Rodenwold subjects. Packages consist of a story in sug- of the Bureau of Human solvent extraction, radioactive tracers, and Nutrition and gested script form for about 7 minutes or Home Economics has been infrared spectrophotometry. This for the designated by the Department less presentation along with visuals such as of State to first time gives chemists a complete knowl- represent the USDA at the eighth still pictures, artwork, motion film, slides, Interna- edge of composition which is so essential to tional Congress on Home and live objects. The first series has been Economics at the successful solution of many problems in Edinburgh, Scotland. In her sent weekly to 29 stations. work at Belts- agriculture. ville Research Center as a consultant on international Enemies of the forest programs Mrs. Rodenwold has Tree planting shown the laboratories and explained their work Under the cooperative distribution of for- The Bureau of Entomology and Plant to numerous home economics leaders from Europe. est tree planting stocks (Clarke-McNary Act) Quarantine has released a report which In her vacation sightseeing after the Congress 45 States, and Hawaii and Puerto Rico con- summarizes in 15 pages the kind and ends, she expects to see some of those duct such programs on private land, says the amount of damage done to forests last year visitors and their projects. Service. In they distrib- by the more important insects. The work U. S. Forest 1952 Research funds uted 300 million trees, which, at 1,000 trees of more than 15 insects, mostly beetles, is per acre, were enough to plant 300,000 acres discussed. If you want a copy, write to Bu- W. F. Harwood, assistant director for ad- of land. This was three-fifths of all the reau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine ministration, National Science Foundation, forest planting done in that year. Since 1926 and ask for the More Important Forest In- is authority for these published figures: All the program has sent out more than 1% sects of 1952—A Summary. research and development funds supplied by billion forest tree seedlings. the Federal Government, industry, and the Aboriginal maize universities amounts to about three and a Mary Rokhar to Storrs half billion dollars a year. About one-third The Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Miss Mary Rokhar has resigned to serve is supported by industry, and almost two- Agricultural Engineering is receiving and thirds as head of the Department of General Home by the Federal Government, with a storing 5-ounce samples of collections of small percentage, Economics at the Connecticut College of possibly 3 percent by the aboriginal maize kernels made under the universities. Agriculture, Storrs, Conn. She received a For fiscal 1953 the grand total National Research Council's fund obtained of the Federal degree in home economics at Nebraska Uni- Government was slightly over from the Technical Cooperation Adminis- 2 billion dollars. Of this, versity and her M. A. degree at Columbia USDA's portion is tration to find and catalog races of aboriginal given at 56 million dollars. University, York City. She served as New maize in the Western Hemisphere. Seed cen- State home demonstration leader in Wyo- ters to carry out this project are at Mexico Soil conditioners ming for 9 years, and since then has spent City, Mexico; Medellin, Colombia; and Piri- 17 years as home management specialist in Those who buy commercial cicaba, Brazil. Already 6,000 collectons of soil condi- the Federal Extension office, and 5 years in tioners now on the ancient maize have been received. market in much profusion charge of the Home Economics Section of should invest in them mainly as an experi- the Division of Subject Matter. She has also Submits technical paper ment, say the scientists at the Bureau of taught summer school at several Land-Grant Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural En- Colleges and represented USDA at numerous Dr. Richard Evans Schultes, botanist for gineering. "Soils vary in their response to national and international conferences. the USDA Division of Rubber Plant Investi- these chemical treatments. Trials to date gations, has submitted a manuscript in a indicate that these conditioners are most Arnoid new Governor of FCA contest for scientific papers sponsored by the effective on soils with high clay content and C. R. Arnold of Hilliards, Ohio, took over Societe de Physique et d'Historie Naturelle not very effective on soils with a very high the duties of Governor of Farm Credit Ad- de Geneve, Switzerland. His paper is a sand content. Soils that already have good ministration on July 16. He was named synopsis of the genus Herrania, a highly use- structure naturally will show no great im- by President Eisenhower to complete the ful genus of plants closely related to the provement, so it is suggested that only small unexpired term of I. W. Dugan, who recently cultivated cacaos, which are the foundation amounts be purchased until the grower is resigned. "Cap" Arnold, as he is widely of chocolate making. Its greatest impor- sure by his own experience that the results known, is an old hand in the farm-credit tance, the author says, is as a possible source really pay," is their conclusion. field. Some 20 years ago when FCA was of germ plasm for development of disease organized, he became Special Assistant to resistance in related species. the Governor. Later he became Deputy Pro- duction Credit Commissioner, and then Com- Well equipped AUGUST 12, 1953, Vol. XII, No. 16 in missioner 1941, holding that position until The Motion Picture Service of the Office of USDA is published fortnightly for dis- he retired to his Ohio farm in 1951. Gov- Information is the first and oldest govern- tribution to employees only, by direction of ernor Arnold helped organize the first Pro- ment film producer. Its offices in the South the Secretary of Agriculture, and with ap- duction Credit Corporation at St. Louis and Building here are equipped as follows: Re- proval of the Director of the Bureau of the script production, well equipped as containing admin- the first PCA at Champaign, 111. Previous search and Budget (July 1, 1952), crews, autos for field work, sound information required for the proper to his work with FCA, "Cap" had been in camera istrative truck, stage facilities including sound re- transaction of the public business. Retirees Extension work in Ohio for 13 years. He cording, animation stands, optical printing, who write the editor requesting it may con- was born on a farm in the Oregon Willamette color printing from A and B rolls, film proc- tinue to get USDA. Please write instead 01 Valley, but at 16 went to Darke County, Ohio. essing, cutting and editing service, sound phoning whenever possible; for rush orders He graduated from Ohio State University effects and a music library. Its technicians call Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of and received his M. A. from the University have had many years of experience in all USDA, Office of Information, Department of of Minnesota. types of motion picture work. Agriculture. Washington 25. D C.

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1953 SHARE THIS Beef for schools

GROUND BEEP will play an important part in school lunch programs across the nation during the coming school year. Under the Department's beef purchase program, made possible with Section 32 funds, about 5V2 million pounds of ground beef have already been purchased and the buying program has not yet been FOR AUGUST 26 1953 concluded. Several important requirements and recommendations are made to make cer- tain that the quality of the ground beef prove morale and efficiency. Constant will be maintained. The beef must be Attitude surveys work to evaluate and improve the ques- "twice ground" by the suppliers to assure tionnaires is the present idea, using ex- uniform distribution of lean and fat por- WORKDAY pros and cons are nothing perience gained in the first ones. tions. The beef is then frozen in com- else than trying to find out how em- It is probable that further tests of the pact blocks approximately 5 x 5 x 15 ployees regard their jobs and the persons value of these employee opinions—favor- inches; each block is individually and conditions connected with their able and otherwise—may be extended to wrapped in heavy wax paper, and pack- everyday routine. The Office of Person- certain branch and field offices. aged in paper-lined or waxed containers nel has conducted employee opinion sur- Briefly, there are about 80 questions or with 4 blocks to the container. Ship- veys in the past and recently arranged statements submitted in several broad ment is made by the supplier under re- for a trial run of a questionnaire being categories, such as: job demands, work- frigeration at temperatures adequate to used by Science Research Associates of ing conditions, employee pay, employee keep beef hard frozen. All such meat is Chicago. The questionnaire de- was inspected and graded, prior benefits, friendliness and cooperation to freezing, veloped by Dr. Robert K. Burns of the by Department authorities before it rs Industrial Relations University among employees, supervision matters, Center, accepted under contract. of Chicago, and has been given to about confidence in top officials, technical com- The Livestock Branch of PMA, the 250,000 employees in private industry. petence of supervisor, effectiveness of contracting agency, also requires that SRA was interested in revising the ques- administration, adequacy of communica- suppliers place in each meat container a tionnaire to adapt it for use by Govern- tions, job security and work relations, placard of instructions for handling the ment employees and the Department has recognition, for suitable opportunity meat. Similar instructions are distrib- collaborated on the development of a growth and advancement, and lastly, the uted by the Food Distribution Branch, Government edition. employee's reactions to the survey itself. PMA, through the State agencies con- Earlier this year certain groups of em- Naturally, some areas noted in these cerned with the channeling of beef and ployees of Personnel and the Bureau of categories do not lend themselves to instructions to their own schools, so that Animal Industry participated in a "trial change or adjustment independently of information on safeguarding the han- run" of the revised SRA questionnaire, congressional approval, although most dling of meat reaches school in two ways. handled in the Department by A. James of them are fully within the province of Frozen ground beef is now being of- Martin of Personnel. All employee re- fered to nonprofit school supervisors and top officials to im- lunch programs ports on the attitude survey sheets were the in schools that have adequate facilities analyzed by SRA, which has studied prove or correct. for storing it at zero degrees F. or below thousands of employee opinions. There "Improved surveys of this kind may and for thawing it under refrigeration. are no trick questions and there are no really prove a boon to personnel manage- Instructions to the schools for han- "right" and "wrong" answers. They are ment in the Department," stated Mr. dling the frozen ground beef say: "Store simply a series of statements with space Martin. "If the reaction to the survey at zero F. or below; thaw out only left to enable each employee to tell continue and its wider use turns out to as amount needed for one day and avoid whether or not he agrees with each one. favorable as the first ones, it is hoped leftovers; remove the frozen packages The final replies were sealed at once and that it will be used more frequently." from the container and put them on re- sent direct subsequent to SRA, whose frigerator shelves in single layers to re- the score judgment was that of these em- duce thawing time. Cook within 24 hours ployees on their attitudes showed excel- after it is thawed. Do not refreeze." Pesticide progress lent response in a positive manner, and Eligible schools more than 24 hours that supervisors and employees got along Office of Materials and Facilities, Produc- Administration, points away from a distribution point—refrig- well together. tion and Marketing to the enormous growth of pesticide usage erated cars or cold storage plant—must No employee signatures were used and in the past few years. Facilities for their provide refrigerated trucks to pick up no one in Personnel ever saw the answer production have greatly increased in 1951 and 1952. During the interval from 1945 the frozen ground beef. On shorter sheets. SRA analyzed the results by 1953 at least 25 major pesticidal mate- to hauls, nonrefrigerated trucks may be groups only and then reported them as rials which were not available before 1945, introduced and received wide accept- group opinion. By carefully reviewing were used, if the frozen ground beef is cov- ance, they state. The quantity estimated with tarpaulin. the analyses submitted by SRA, the to have been used in 1945 was about 513 mil- ered a Director of Personnel and his associates lion pounds, whereas the usage figure for 1951 was approximately a fraction over 1 could detect weak spots and plan to im- billion pounds. JOIN THE USDA WELFARE ASSOCIATION 266211°—53 the stock of the banks for cooperatives is New farm credit act likewise held by the United States. The Safety care pays intermediate credit banks been TO ENCOURAGE increased farm bor- have pay- EMPLOYEES OF USDA have become ing a franchise tax of 25 percent of net rower management and ultimate com- safety conscious to the extent that the earnings after additions have been plete ownership of the farm credit system made nonfatal injuries sustained within the to reserves. is the objective sought by Congress in Department as a whole in 1951 were While the FCA will be housed in the enacting the Farm Credit Act of 1953. about 53 percent of the figure for 1940. Department of Agriculture and may, It is the result of many conferences and The statistics kept by the Federal Bu- with the consent hearings with farmers, bankers, and with of the Secretary, make reau of Employee Compensation show use of its services, the actual supervision officials of the various Government credit 2,934 nonfatal injuries suffered by our of it will be under the new Federal Farm agencies, and embodies much of the Department workers in 1940, and by Credit Board, instead of the Secretary thinking of the leading farm organiza- comparison, only 1,549 such accidents of Agriculture. tions regarding improvements intended recorded in 1951. to furnish credit that is geared and ad- A sustained steady decline in the num- justed to the special needs of farmers Said on the side ber of nonfatal accidents is shown in and their associations. WHERE IS "our old valley" located? the official record for 12 years. Not as The Act provides declarations of policy Interested readers have smilingly in- good a showing appears in the fatal for greater farm ownership and control quired the whereabouts of the legendary accidents however. These numbered 23 of credit agencies and laying the ground- community that has been spoken of in 1940 and 29 in 1951, with the high work for systematically retiring Govern- here on frequent occasions. The real point of 46 fatalaties recorded in 1949 ment capital. It decentralizes adminis- answer is that "our valley" is "your and a low point of 12 in 1950. One rea- trative power, by directing that the Farm valley" wherever it happens to be in this son for the larger number of fatalities Credit Administration delegate to the land of ours—even if it is out on the in 1949 were the deaths of 16 Forest various Federal land banks and other Great Plains where clouds hang low and Service workers in fighting forest fires, district credit agencies more duties and the eye sees no valleys except those the worst toll being taken in the Mann authority. The idea is to place power nonexistent ones shimmering in the far Gulch fire in Montana that year. In and authority closer to the farmers. off prairie mirage. To all of us it's the 1951 the sudden rise of fatalities over the It sets up a 13-member Federal Farm realm of the humble ruralite, the beck- low point in 1950 is attributed to trans- Credit Board with full responsibility for oning memories of friendly farms and portation accidents—15 deaths to motor the policies of the FCA. Of the 13 mem- sweet thresholds, the traditions and the vehicles and 7 deaths caused by airplane bers, 12 will be appointed by the Presi- spirituality of our present days left to disasters. dent, one from each credit district. The us in trust from other days. It's just Frequency rates of accident are tabu- 13th member is designated by the Secre- good old America and our kinfolk who lated by BEC also. In the case of the tary of Agriculture to be known as his made it that way, whatever their an- Department this rate—based on num- representative. cestry, their creed, their race, or their bers of injuries per million man-hours It eliminates the offices of the Land faith. If it's nostalgia, so much the worked—amounted to 18.4 in 1940 and Bank Commissioner, Production Credit better, provided it never insists that the only 10.4 in 1951. The accidents and Commissioner, Cooperative Bank Com- best times are always the past times. deaths reported are as follows: missioner, and Intermediate Credit Com- For we of today and those of our kindred In 1940, 2,934 nonfatal and 23 fatal missioner. Their functions will be who are rising to meet its challenges 1941, 2,467 and 24 1942, 2,272 and 16 carried out under the direction of the and its rewards will all too soon be 1943, 2,452 and 17 1944, 2,027 and 22 Governor of FCA, who is appointed and spoken of in the past tense. But the 1945, 1,928 and 21 1946, 1,852 and 21 will serve at the pleasure of the 13-mem- past is prologue to the future, and is 1947, 1,832 and 22 1948, 1,619 and 17 ber Board, and administer the Act under always an ever-sustaining guide line in 1949, 1,695 and 46; 1950 1,619 and 12 the Board's general supervision. plowing straight furrows that lead on to 1951, 1,549 and 29. The farm credit district board will be future harvests. retained in each district, composed of seven members, with greater participa- New research editor Donald P. Cole has assumed his duties as tion by farmers provided in selection of technical editor of publications at the these boards. Peoria. 111., Northern Regional Research Laboratory of BAIC. Mr. Cole just finished The Division of Cooperative Research a term as press officer for the Office of Price and Service is transferred from the FCA Stabilization, before which he was director of to the direct control of the Secretary of public relations at Clark University, Wor- cester, Mass. He is a native of Massachu- Agriculture. setts and has engaged in active newspaper It provides that any Federal land bank, work for 20 years. any production credit corporation, or Parthenogenesis any of the 13 banks for cooperatives M. W. Olsen and S. J. Marsden, Bureau of Animal Industry, found retarded embyros having outstanding capital stock held and embryonic membranes in 15 percent of by the United States must pay a fran- the eggs laid by turkey hens 3 to 6 months after isolation from male birds. These are chise tax on then net earnings after cer- the first cases of advanced natural parthe- tain authorized deductions. At this nogenesis, or spontaneous development of date the Government holds no stock in embryos without normal fertilization, ever reported in birds or other higher animals. any Federal land bank. The production This condition often happens in the lower credit corporations are wholly Govern- forms of animal life, such as bees and aphids. (See page 4, August number of ARA's "Agri- ment owned and about 90 percent of cultural Research.") COURTESY OF NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL

USDA: August 26, 1953 For superior work Readers' reminders Brief and choice INCREASES for superior accom- PAY Grad school folder Employee award plishment and Certificates of Merit were Have you seen the new class schedule and Dr. Myron Stout, plant physiologist, U. S. recently awarded employees, as indicated supplement of the 1953-54 Graduate School Sugar Plant Field Laboratory, Salt Lake City, below: catalog? Undergraduate and graduate Utah, received a cash award of $135. It was studies are listed for the semesters begin- made by the Efficiency Awards of Agriculture Research Center: Mrs. Rose Committee ning September 21, 1953, and January 22, the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Mary Boyer, Procurement Clerk, Beltsville, 1954. Agricultural Engineering in recognition of Maryland. his ingenuity and resourcefulness in devel- Bureau of Agricultural Economics: Char- Nematode control oping three pieces of research apparatus used lotte B. Jamieson, Statistical Clerk, Wash- in chemical analyses of sugar beets. Proper ways to fumigate soils against the ington, D. C. ravages of the golden nematode are outlined and Industrial Bureau of Agricultural in a folder leaflet prepared by the Bureau of McLain heads Grain Branch Chemistry: Harry J. John, Instrument Entomology and Plant Quarantine. Ask Virginia Marvin L. McLain is the new director of Maker, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania; them for EC-28. E. Scudero, Voucher Examiner, Albany, the Grain Branch Production and Marketing California; Robert Williams, Laboratory Administration, with William McArthur as Farm management lists Animal Caretaker, Washington, D. C; Sydney deputy. Mr. McLain is from Iowa, where he has had long experience in cooperative mar- D. Wilson, Engineering Aid, Wyndmoor, A list of titles and references to farm Pennsylvania. management publications between 1940 and keting work and as chairman of his county PMA Committee and since last March as Plant Quarantine: 1952 respectively are issued as F. M. 99 by Bureau of Entomology and Chairman of the State Committee. He has Entomologist, Haven, the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. The James L. Bean, New also been a member of the 14-man National Boller, references were compiled by M. R. Cooper Connecticut; Mrs. Marjorie H. Time, Agricultural Advisory Committee to assist Minneapolis, and Delia E. Merrick, about articles prepared Leave, and Payroll Supervisor, the Secretary of Agriculture on policy and by staff members alone or with State or other Minnesota; Robert C. Heller, Forester, operational matters. Beltsville, Maryland; Fred B. Knight, En- specialists in farm management. tomologist, Fort Collins, Colorado; Ken- Wedlock warning neth W. Lamansky, Biological Aid, Vin- Control of peanut pests cennes, Indiana; Louise F. Waidelich, Sec- "Control of the Southern Corn Rootworm In notices and reminders to all foreign retary, Washington, D. C; Willis W. Wirth, service employees issued lately by the Gov- on Peanuts" (EC-23 revised), is the name Entomologist, Washington, D. C; Kenneth ernment it is stated regarding alien mar- of a recent publication by the Bureau of H. Wright, Entomologist, Portland, Oregon. riages: "Before contracting marriage with Entomology and Plant Quarantine of the a person of foreign nationality an employee Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils and Agricul- U. S. Department of Agriculture. It gives must request permission to do so from his tural Engineering: Victor H. Beach, Budget information regarding the appearance, hab- own particular agency head. Requests will Officer, Beltsville, Maryland. its, control by insecticides, and the effect be forwarded to the head of the employing Farmers Administration: Joe M. yield quality of crop. Home of treatment on and agency through the Chief of the Diplomatic Supervisor, Clanton, Murphree. County Copies are available from the Bureau of Mission for his recommendation. Marriage Alabama; William R. Owen, Farm Manage- Entomology and Plant Quarantine's office of without such permit or marriage following North Dakota; ment Supervisor, Bismarck, publications. denial of permission shall result at once Stringer, Super- Bryan D. Farm Management in separation from the service." visor, Canton, Mississippi; Ward L. Vander Stokdyk biography Griend, Farm Management Supervisor, Lyn- Area administrative list den, Washington. "E. A. Stokdyk, Architect of Cooperation" Forest Service: Burley D. Fridley, Forestry is published as a 223-page book by the Changes made in the field servicing areas American Institute of Cooperation, its author Aid, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania; Donald E. of the USDA agencies necessitate revision of Whelan, Hydrologist, Upper Darby, Penn- being Joseph G. Knapp, Farm Credit Admin- the Area Administrative Services Technicians. istration. Dr. Stokdyk, died in 1946, sylvania; Mrs. Sadie A. Williams, Mail Clerk, who The latest official lineup of these technicians was a former deputy governor of FCA and Washington, D. C. by geographic areas is as follows: New Eng- head of the Berkeley Bank for Cooperatives Production and Marketing Administration: land and Northeast Area, A. S. Barnhart, SCS for 12 years. He was born and educated in Regional Administrative Service Division, Norman S. Smith, Assistant Chief, General Wisconsin and became one of the leaders in Center Building, 6800 Market Street, Upper Investigations Division, Washington, D. C. his field. An appendix contains some of his Darby, Pa.; Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Rural Electrification Administration: Ber- better writings. A personal acquaintance USDA Office of Plant and Operations; North nard T. Boyle, Training Officer, Washing- and fellowship with Dr. Stokdyk makes pos- and South Carolina and Tennessee. Murray ton, D. C; Victor V. Camera, Clerk-Typist, sible the author's ability to portray his Hays, Area Administrative Services Division, Washington, D. C; Helen A. Carr, Budget career. SCS, Schuyler Building, Lee and Church Analyst, Washington, D. O; Curtis L. Hol- Streets, Spartanburg, S. C; Georgia, Florida, lister. Electrical Engineer, Washington, nographer, Evergreen, Alabama; Clinton W. Alabama, Carl Cauthen, Administrative Serv- D. O; Donald C. Housley, Electronic En- Lester, Engineering Aid, Clinton, Oklahoma; ices Division, Farmers Home Administration, gineer, Washington, D. C; Viola O. Schmidt, Marion O. Love, Engineering Aid, Farmer- Montgomery 4, Ala. Administrative Officer, Washington, D. C. ville, Louisiana; Lester E. Mark, Soil Con- Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Soil Conservation Service: Tony W. Adams, servationist, Centerville, Michigan; Mrs. Richard Bender, Area Administrative Serv- Soil Conservation Aid, Talihina, Oklahoma; Mae E. McMeekin, Secretary, Spartanburg, ices Division, Production and Marketing Ad- Jacques Aebli, Administrative Assistant. South Carolina; Paul P. Miertschin, En- ministration, 623 S. Wabash Avenue, Chicago Richmond, Virginia; Mrs. Edith T. Boyter, gineering Aid, La Grange, Texas; Malcolm C. 5, 111.; Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Clerk-Stenographer, Orlando, Florida; Marie Pennington, Soil Conservationist, Plainview, C. D. Thomas, Regional Administrative Bradshaw, Clerk-Stenographer, Hugo, Okla- Texas; Meredith A. Peters, Forester, Alex- Services Division, SCS, 434 N. Plankinton homa; Roy H. Bredal, Cartographic Aid, andria, Louisiana; Charles B. Russell, Ad- Avenue, Milwaukee, Wis.; Arkansas, Louisi- Spartanburg, South Carolina; Alva L. Cod- ministrative Assistant, Auburn, Alabama; ana, Mississippi, Max W. Ulery, Administra- Division, dington, Soil Conservation Aid, Muskegon, George W. Schwenk, Engineering Aid, tive Services FHA, 2007 McKinney Avenue, Dallas 1, Texas. Michigan; Burton J. Connally. Engineering Cordell, Oklahoma; William C Sheffield, Oklahoma, Texas, Donnell F. Webb, Re- Aid, Sayre, Oklahoma; Elsie S. Cribb, Clerk- Jr., Soil Conservation Aid, Foley, Alabama; gional Services Division, SCS, Stenographer, Spartanburg, South Carolina; James D. Simpson, Supervisory Soil Scientist, Administrative Horace C. Dean, Supervisory Soil Scientist, College Station, Texas; William B. Spross, 3500 McCart Street, Fort Worth, Texas; North San Marcos, Texas; Louis E. Derr, Super- Soil Conservation Aid, George West, Texas; and South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, H. C. visory Soil Scientist, Stillwater, Oklahoma; Harlan S. Steffen, Engineering Aid, Sagi- Cole, Regional Administrative Services Di- Gladys V. Donaldson, Clerk-Stenographer, naw, Michigan; J. Norman Stone, Adminis- vision, SCS, 13th and N Streets, Lincoln, Auburn, Alabama; Lacy I. Harmon, Soil trative Assistant, Spartanburg, South Nebr.; Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Scientist, Fort Dodge, Iowa; Emory D. Carolina; Floyd A. Taylor, Engineering Aid, Mexico, L. B. Owen, Area Administrative Hilton, Engineering Aid, Decatur, Texas; Lampasas, Texas; John B. Tubb, Agricul- Services Division, FHA, 948-50 Broadway, Agricultural Engineer, Engineer, Crowley, Louisiana; Lloyd A. John H. Hogan, tural Denver 3, Colo.; Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Marksville, Louisiana; Alvin E. Howard, Soil Wakeman, Agricultural Engineer, Defiance, A. W. Middleton, Regional Administrative Conservation Aid, Idabel, Oklahoma; James Ohio; Ray E. Watson, Soil Conservation Aid, Services Division, SCS, Ross Building, 209 S. F. Irving, Jr., Soil Conservationist, Morril- Hamburg, Arkansas; Robert West, Soil Con- 5th Avenue, Portland 4, Ore.; California, ton, Arkansas; Albert T. Jordan, Soil Con- servationist, Dimmitt, Texas; George L. W. servationist, Stamford, Texas; Julian F. Williamson, Soil Conservation Aid, Crystal Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Eugene D. Moran, Keeton, Jr., Soil Conservationist, Berryville, City, Texas; Mrs. Zola M. Wold, Clerk- Area Administrative Services Division, PMA, Arkansas; Mrs. Mildred S. Lee, Clerk-Ste- Stenographer, Riverside, California. Federal Center Building, Denver, Colo. Tariff man Schreiber Farm paper meeting Radioactive matters Walter R. Schreiber, well known TJSDA Office of Information personnel will aid in authority on world trade in fruits and nuts, shaping the program for the fall meeting of UPON RECOMMENDATION of the has been appointed by the President to the the American Agricultural Editors' Associa- Commission, the Bureau U. S. Tariff Commission for a term expiring tion, to be held at Washington, D. C, Sept. Atomic Energy June 16, 1958. A native of Portland, Oreg., 14-16. Agricultural Research Administra- of Entomology and Plant Quarantine has Mr. Schreiber joined the Department in 1934 tion workers and the Office of the Secretary set up a Radioisotope Committee to su- as a Junior Economist with the Bureau of are cooperating. Agricultural Economics. He entered the pervise and control the radioactive ma- fruit nut reporting field of foreign dried and ACE awards terials used in the Bureau's research as a Department representative in Paris in 1938. He served as an Army captain in At Berkeley, Calif., in July, the American program. This is a standard procedure World War II. Since then he has been in Agricultural College Editors Association when the Atomic Energy Commission charge of foreign dried fruit and nut fore- made awards for distinguished journalistic casting and reporting for the Foreign Agri- service to farm folks over a period of 25 years. provides access to such materials to out- cultural Service. His estimates and situa- The receivers were: Werner Meyer, Office of side research agencies. tion studies found in "Foreign Crops and Experiment Stations, Frank Teuton, Bureau L. Haller is of the Markets" and "Foreign Agricultural Circu- of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, H. chairman com- lars" furnished a basis for international Leslie Combs, Soil Conservation Service, and mittee, with Joseph H. Davis as secre- trading operations. Dana E. Reynolds, Mutual Security Agency. tary. Other members are C. C. Roan, Textile explainer Jobs for youth radiological safety officer, F. H. Babers, K. A. Haines, and M. E. Yount. The du- Sailing for Italy, Dr. Margaret Goldsmith, According to reliable personnel spokesmen, bacteriologist, will describe some recent re- there is a continued interest in the employ- ties of the full committee as well as that textile laboratories of young people in USDA. This is de- search of the BHNHE ment of the radiological safety officer, are set before the International Congress of Micro- spite the fact that young people do not have biologists, meeting in Rome, September 6-12. enough years of service behind them to place forth in a written agreement. These Her studies were designed to learn more them in a highly favorable retention posi- responsibilities are broad and inclusive. about the cause and prevention of microbial tion. Careers in the service are still open damage that can weaken fabrics made from and attract numbers of young persons even They may approve or disapprove plans fibers of protein, such as wool, milk, or corn. in the face of high levels of demand by in- for using radioisotopes, prescribe condi- The work she will report has laid a founda- dustry and commerce. tions to be met, training required, ap- tion for a test method for use in this research. Community chest prove requests for materials from AEC, action to be taken when rules are dis- Secretary Benson is the Department Chair- Florists honor Fossum man of the 1953-54 Community Chest Cam- regarded, assist in an advisory capacity paign in the local area as part of the Gov- M. Truman Fossum, agricultural economist with bureau laboratories, and keep a file in the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, has ernment Unit supporting it. Richard D. of all actions, reports. received an award for outstanding research Aplin, Administrative Assistant Secretary, is transactions, and campaign. An organi- for the year 1952 from the Foundation for his assistant for the The special safety officer makes in- Floriculture of the Society of American Flo- zation and planning meeting will be held in goals will spections of installations for safety and rists. The award was presented at the 69th September, at which time financial Annual Convention of the Society held in be determined with the aid of the several efficiency, maintains shipping records Detroit, Mich., on July 28. The citation was agency Division Chairmen. and disposal notes, and keeps a file of given in recognition of 8 years of significant statistical research in floriculture, which cul- Fort Wingate lab transfer research reports submitted. A special minated in the publication in 1952-53 of Mr. Transfer of the Southwestern Range and informative directive has been issued to Fossum 's "Trade in Horticultural Specialties" Breeding Laboratory at Fort Wingate, by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. It Sheep laboratories who may wish to apply for N. M., as of August 1, from the Bureau of also covered research done with Cornell Uni- radioisotopes with directions for filling Affairs, Department of the Interior, versity, Purdue University, the Bureau of the Indian of Animal Industry, was an- out their applications. Rules for safe Census, and the New York State Flower to our Bureau Secretary of the Interior Douglas Growers, Inc. nounced by handling of the radioactive materials McKay. Emphasis will continue to be placed on special needs of Southwestern Indian are appended. Because lands on which Dr. Weigel retires tribes for rug wool, but the laboratory will these potentially hazardous materials also stress breeding of sheep for both Indian retired 1953, are used within Dr. Charles A. Weigel June 30, and white flock raisers. must be the control of health reasons. He has been in charge of for the Bureau, all areas where radioactive the field station at Beltsville, Md., for the dates Division of Truck Crops and Garden Insect Blood mobile materials are in use or storage must be Division of Employee Health Investigations, BEPQ. His career in USDA. The USDA off limits for those without any business which covered more than 35 years, was in- has arranged to have the American Red terrupted only by service with the Army Cross mobile blood collection unit visit the thereon and be properly posted as a Medical Corps in World War I. He graduated Department headquarters. The dates listed warning. Regulations for waste ma- with the B. S. degree from the University of for its visits are September 16, October 21, terials and disposal of both short lived New Hampshire, his native State, in 1916. and December 9. Increased need for blood Degrees of M. S. and Ph. D. were earned at to meet emergency demands is emphasized. and long lasting isotopes are also cov- In 1918 he This includes the production of gamma Ohio State University. March ered in the statement. Smoking, eating joined the Federal Horticultural Board as an globulin to aid in fighting polio. Assistant Inspector. In 1920 he was trans- or drinking, or use of cosmetics is pro- ferred to the Bureau of Entomology and New officials take oaths hibited in exposed areas. Plant Quarantine to do a study of bulb in- sects. This has been a major activity of Dr. On July 21, John H. Davis and Romeo E. Weigel since, and his work with sodium Short were sworn in as Assistant Secretaries cyanide and calcium cyanide led to the de- of Agriculture. Mr. Davis will continue his 26, 1953, Vol. XII, No. 17 velopment of better control measures for responsibility for commodity marketing and AUGUST many insect pests of greenhouse-grown adjustment work and serve as President of USDA is published fortnightly for distribu- plants. Later he did considerable work on the Commodity Credit Corporation. Mr. tion to employees only, by direction of the mushroom insects. He was the author or Short, who since last January served as di- Secretary of Agriculture, and with approval co-author of more than 100 publications. Of Agricultural Credit Services, rector of and of the Director of the Bureau of the Budget these, Farmers' Bulletin No. 1495, "Insect since March as head of the newly created (July 1, 1952), as containing administrative Enemies of the Flower Garden," was the Foreign Agricultural Service, continues to be information required for the proper transac- most widely distributed USDA publication responsible for all Department activity relat- tion of the public business. Retirees for many years after its issuance in 1926. ing to foreign trade in farm commodities. who write editor it, Dr. Weigel was the senior author also of Reorganization Plan No. 2 also provided for the requesting may continue Miscellaneous Publication No. 626, "Hand- a new Administrative Assistant Secretary, to to get USDA. Please write instead of phon- book of Insect Enemies of Flowers and which position Richard D. Alpin was named ing whenever possible; for rush orders call Shrubs." He resides at 9119 Woodland Road, by Secretary Benson. He has served as di- Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of Silver Spring, Md. He will serve as collab- rector of Departmental Activities and will USDA, Office of Information, Department of orator without compensation. continue in this capacity. Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

USDA: August 26, 1953

IX. f. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1933 : ;;

WB SHARE THIS COPY Kilowatt customers /. IN STUDIES made by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics and Iowa State Uf College and lately published, numerous cogent reasons for the almost universal adoption of electric energy on farms of the typical corn belt-livestock kind are recited again.

------sotivM Replacing hired labor is No. 1 con- FOR SEPTEMBER 9, 1953 sideration aside from the convenience and comfort angles. But to know how M^yw»

James O. Grandstaff , animal husbandry research acts and is required by law to Another important consideration is Charles G. Grey, veterinary medicine; give technical advice and assistance to linked with the self-evident fact that the Camille L. Lefebvre, botany; David V. the experiment stations and to partic- age of farm operators is much advanced Lumsden, vegetable crops; Edward R. ipate in the planning and coordination over former times. By cutting out heavy McGovran, entomology; Werner P. of their research. lifting, complicated routine, and dis- Meyer, research information; Ralph B. The OES technical staff consists of agreeable and sometimes dangerous Nestler, poultry husbandry; Barton C. trained and experienced research special- tasks, it is often possible now with elec- Reynolds, agricultural engineering ists in the different subject-matter tricity to utilize family labor, especially Glenn R. Smith, agricultural economics; fields. For effective coordination it is elderly or partly incapacitated workers, Henry M. Steece, agronomy; Whitney B. necessary for them to have broad expe- for jobs that otherwise would require an Stout, marketing technology; Joseph W. rience in research planning and admin- able-bodied man. Wellington, horticulture. istration and a good knowledge of By saving energy, electrical equipment agricultural research procedures and makes it possible to reduce hard work standards. Research carried on by the Centenary and allow persons to accomplish more Stations with Federal-grant funds is The science of economic entomology will with much less fatigue. Electricity, they examined and discussed with project observe its 100th anniversary in 1954. Elabo- rate preparations are under way, with the point out, improves distribution of farm leaders by the OES technical staff dur- USDA Bureau of Entomology and Plant labor through a season, aids timing of ing annual visits to the States. They Quarantine taking a leading part. production, reduces breakdown and fire also consider regional cooperative re- Crop investment aid hazards, improves the quality and uni- search in which two or more experiment Crop insurance programs of the Federal formity of products sold, and increases Crop Insurance Corporation now operate in stations are cooperating to solve prob- farm output by increasing the capacity more than 900 of the Nation's 3,000 plus lems that concern the agriculture of more counties. They include wheat, corn, tobacco, of a given labor force to handle more than one State. This examination pro- cotton, flax, and beans. In many areas in- crops and livestock enterprises. surance is also written on multiple crop vides the primary basis for certification investments, protecting the cost of produc- of each State to receive the grant funds. ing a variety of crops on a farm under a single policy. In one Florida county, crop The law requires that annual reports insurance is offered to citrus growers. New Staff Changes be made to the Congress regarding re- Using USDA films Two changes in the administrative staff search supported by Federal-grant funds Our Motion Pictures Service learns that were effective September 1. Richard D. Aplin, administrative assistant secretary, has and the expenditures thereon. Regula- some film librarians are permitting the re- returned to his former position moval of parts of scenes from USDA films for as admin- tions require OES to give advance ap- istrator of the Boston, Mass., Federal milk use in television programs. This is contrary order. John C. Davis, administrative assist- proval of each Federal-grant research to regulations. The rule is that films of ant, returns to his place as editor USDA production may not be cut or altered farm of project. It is necessary that the special- in any manner whatsoever. When televised the Cleveland Plain Dealer. ist staff also be familiar with the research they must be shown in their entirety with Ralph S. Roberts succeeds Mr. Aplin as titles. They may be used solely on noncom- administrative assistant secretary. Mr. Rob- program at the experiment stations mercial programs. A special footage of agri- erts has been Director of Finance for the supported by non-Federal funds. This cultural scenes to be used on a reimbursable Department since 1949. Joseph C. Wheeler, basis is kept in the MPS library for use with- Deputy Budget Director, succeeds Mr. Rob- permits effective coordination of each out the regular restrictions. erts as Director.

268146°— 53 \

about greater diversification of farm out- Puerto Rico's pattern put so as to more nearly meet local Said on the side PUERTO RICO's problems and oppor- consumption needs without interfering COUNTRY TEACHERS are usually tunities in agriculture are thoroughly with production for export. scarce—especially the kind we long re- discussed and analyzed in "A Compre- The report points out that since member. Perhaps your own mother had hensive Agricultural Program for Puerto Puerto Rico has only a very limited known your school principal in legendary Rico," a new U. S. Department of amount of land suitable for agriculture, days of yore—in that long distant time Agriculture report by Nathan Koenig. the main hope for raising the level of of her youth and yearning for learning Published in cooperation with the Com- farm output lies in obtaining eco- she never fully realized. But he, being monwealth of Puerto Rico, the report is nomically higher yields from each acre a man and a persistent seeker after ad- primarily for use on the Island in the and every unit of livestock. The report vantages and careers had been able to development and improvement of agri- shows that with improved production follow his star and get his coveted spot culture and the local economy. It is the techniques and some shifts in land use, as chief of the local bookish world in time result of a prolonged intensive study of this mostly mountainous Island could when books were honored and wisdom the Island and its resources under the have a more diversified and highly pro- revered in our old valley. Later it be- direction of Mr. Koenig, who is with the ductive agriculture. Measures suggested came her privilege and reward, however, Office of the Secretary. as needed to strengthen agriculture to send her children to sit under the ap- The problems surveyed in the report there include soil conservation and proving eye of this ordinary country are deeply rooted in the events and ac- erosion control ; reforestation and proper teacher—risen under the system of the tions of the past, tracing often to the forest and grasslands management; im- times to be the town's symbol of studious days of Spanish colonization. Briefly, provements in rural education, exten- living, and a constant local authority on the basic struggle of the people of this sion, and agricultural research; pro- all matters that farm grit and muscle Island has long centered on getting vision for adequate farm credit with alone would not solve. So you spent 8 enough to eat in the face of a rapidly emphasis on existing facilities properly years of grade school and 4 terms of high increasing population, the neglect and expanded: establishment of modern fa- school in the realm where he was the even destruction of limited natural re- cilities for marketing, processing, and boss. He probably was a rather small sources, and the failure to follow a pat- utilizing farm products; and adoption pickle in the sprawling educational tern of production that would provide of new enlightened land and tax policies. patch, and was minus degrees or titles adequately for the people and yield a In conclusion, the author states that (except the local greeting of "profes- decent standard of living. The report to carry out the comprehensive agri- sor"). Yet one can be quite certain that contains numerous constructive sug- cultural program that is proposed for most of his old pupils absorbed from him gestions and recommendations looking Puerto Rico will require the full co- a feeble gleam of what life holds for to a progressive course of action. operation of all groups on the Island, those who are unfailingly curious and Puerto Rico now has close to 2V2 mil- inspired leadership and ingenuity on the who press for better answers to hidden lion people, or a population density of part of those who work with farmers, secrets and unlocked visions from which about 650 per square mile—one of the and widespread public understanding have come the marvels man can do. We highest in the world. In recent years and support. It is a challenge to every- are sure that "old Prof" is up there these people have made real strides in one who has a stake in Puerto Rico's somewhere going with measured tread improving their social and economic future. The success that may be through fields eternal and counseling conditions, especially in the towns and achieved by such a program can only be sagely with the heavenly board. At least cities. Since agriculture is and un- measured, of course, by what is actually he showed us that it is not the power or doubtedly will long continue to be the accomplished on the land and among the the volume of learning that counts in backbone of the Island's economy, the people themselves. teaching. It's the vigor of your faith in report emphasizes the importance of The report represents a significant new knowledge as a living force for pro- narrowing the wide gap in living stand- contribution to the improvement of agri- gress and proof of man's imortality that ards that exists between urban and rural culture and rural living in underde- leaves the strongest hunger in young areas. This should be done not by doing veloped and other areas having similar sprouting minds. less in the urban sections, but by doing problems. It is well written and il- more of consequence in the rural com- lustrated. Printed in a limited edition, Johnson to Beltsville munities where incomes and levels of copies cost $1.75 through the Superin- The former leader of soybean research In living are lowest, where essential facili- tendent of Documents, Government the Carolinas, Dr. H. W. Johnson, has joined Dr. D. F. Beard, head of the division of forage ties for education and other social needs Printing Office. crops and diseases at the Plant Industry are sorely lacking, and where the birth Station, Beltsville, Md. Dr. Johnson, a na- rate is among the world's highest. Moore honored tive of Tennessee, is widely known to the soybean industry. One of the fundamental drawbacks to One man got a 40-year length of service award in Region No. 3 of the U. S. Forest Social security studies progress on a balanced scale, the report Service. This year Charles E. Moore of the In 1950, coverage of regular hired farm shows, is that both the farm and fac- Lincoln National Forest was the only person workers was enacted as an amendment to the honored with such an award. tory forces have had their focus pri- Old Age and Survivors Insurance Program of the Social Security Administration. Because marily producing for on the export mar- Alaska research it is important to know how farmers are now ket. This overlooks the great potential Congress in its enactment of the Agricul- providing for their old age and to learn their tural Appropriation Act of 1954 ruled that views with regard to possible extension of of the local market which has to rely the administration of direct Federal ap- the coverage to farm operators, surveys of so heavily on imports to meet consump- propriations to the Alaska Experiment Sta- farmers were made in three States. The tion be transferred to the Office of Experi- surveys were made by the Agricultural Ex- tion requirements. The report stresses ment Stations of the Agricultural Research periment Stations in Connecticut, Wisconsin the importance of producing for the to- Administration. Don L. Irwin directs joint and Texas in cooperation with the BAE. tal market. It proposes an attainable Federal-Territorial research programs, with Preliminary reports of the Connecticut and Dr. A. H. Mick, director of Extension, as Texas studies are available from the Division pattern of production designed to bring associate director. of Economic Information, BAE.

USDA: September 9, 1953 —

in Agronomy. A. F. Kinnison,USDA-SCS. Wheat referendum More foreign workers Arizona, Resch. Adv. in Horticulture. Ralph E. Hansen, Consumers Co-op Assn., Mis- You may get a State by State summary of souri, Ext. Adv. in Information. N. C'de the August 14 referendum on wheat market- listed the FOREIGN TECHNICIANS on Baca, Student, New Mexico. Gen. Ext. Adv ing quotas by writing to the USDA Editor. It be for future reference. employment roster as of August 5 by our P. A. Berry, USDA-EPQ, S. Carolina, Resch. might handy Adv. in Entomology. E. D. Matthews, USDA- Foreign Agricultural Service as presently all PISAE, Florida, Resch. Adv. in Agronomy By means assigned to duty in Latin America are E. W. Barlow, Int. Dept. Indian Aff., Okla- The purposes and ' activities of our USDA as follows—with previous position, legal homa, Resch. Adv. in Engineering. F. R. Clubs in the field areas are described briefly Olive, Army Dept., Arkansas, Resch. Adv. in and attractively in a new booklet. It is the title: residence, and present Agronomy. I. A. Dyer, Univ. of Georgia, "USDA Club Guide" compiled by the Divi- Georgia, Resch. Spec. Animal Husbandry. sion of Employee Performance and Devel- Bolivia—Hans Platenius, N. Y. State Col- Guatemala—R. C. Lorenz, USDA-FAS. Min- opment, Office of Personnel. Doubtless a few lege, New York; Resch. Adv. in Agronomy. nesota, Chief Agriculturist. C. S. Simmons, copies are already in the hands of your own W. L. Pritchett, Resch. Grad. Asst., Arkan- USDA-PISAE, Maryland, Resch. Adv. in Soils. Pers officers. Agronomist-Soils. Wise, USDA- sas; Harry R. L. Squi3bs, Student, California, Resch. Agric. Econ. J. A. Munro, PMA, Alabama, Adv. in Animal Husbandry. F. J. LeBeau. Rural health lists N. College, N. Dakota, Resch. Adv. in D. USDA-PISAE, Mississippi, Resch. Adv. in Annotated lists of selected references on Entomology. A. Shuhart, USDA-SCS, D. Plant Pathology. M. A. Jones, USDA-BAIC. rural health is Library List No. 60. The Texas, Resch. Adv. in Horticulture. F. S. Virginia, Resch. Spec, in Biochemistry. USDA Library has a limited number of copies Inst., Virginia, Resch. Andrews, Va. Poly. Nicaragua—V. C. Peterson, USDA-FS. for distribution. It is the work of the USDA Adv. in Horticulture. E. N. Gutierrez, N. Utah, Chief Agriculturist. P. G. Adams, Bureau of Agricultural Economics and the Mex. Extension Serv., New Mexico, Gen. Ext. Oklahoma A&M Col., Oklahoma. Gen. Ext. Public Health Service in the Department of Specialist. Miriam Huddle, USDA Library, Adv. R. A. White, Jr., Student, New Jersey, Health, Education, and Public Welfare. Ohio, Librarian. K. K. Henness, Univ. of Resch. Adv. in Forestry. P. M. Phillippee, Ariz., Arizona, Gen. Ext. Specialist. R. O. Univ. of Kentucky, Kentucky, Resch. Adv. Fact book on aging in Blodgett, J. L. King Co., Minnesota, Farm Agronomy. W. P. Duruz, Ore. State Col., Varied statistics and other data on Amer- Oregon, Resch. in Mgt. Spec. F. J. Skideleh, Colo. A&M, Colo- Adv. Horticulture. R. B. ica's aging population, their sources and Swain, in rado, Information Ext. Spec. Ella Crosbt, USDA-EPQ, Utah, Resch. Adv. En- amounts of income, old age protection, and Student, Tennessee, Home Econ. Ext. Spec. tomology. H. E. Carver, USDA-BAI, Louisi- similar facts have been prepared by the Fed- ana, Resch. Spec, in Animal Husbandry. F. H. Bell, TJ. S. Amer. Chem. Corp., Mary- eral Committee on Aging and Geriatrics. It S. C. Litzenberger, Alaska, Resch. land, Resch. Spec, in Plant Pathology. H. A. USDA-ARA, sells for 30 cents a copy and may be secured Adv. in Kramer, La. State. Expt. Station, Texas, Agronomy. F. A. Nyland, N. C. State from the Superintendent of Documents, Gov- College, N. Carolina, Resch. Adv. in Voc. Resch. Spec, in Engineering. A. R. Midgley, ernment Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Training. J. E. Flanagan, Unemployed. Vermont Expt. Station, Vermont, Resch. Adv. It's always better to buy coupons in sets of Pennsylvania, Resch. Adv. in Engineering. in Agronomy. Maurine Hearn, Texas A&M 20 for $1.00 because postage stamps are not Peru—H. J. Henney, Col. A&M Col., Colo- College, Texas, Home Econ. Ext. Spec. acceptable and currency is sent at the rado, Chief Agriculturist. C. A. Van Doren, Brazil W. C. Tucker, California, Resch. sender's risk. Better ask them for new cata- — USDA-SCS, Illinois, Research Director. D. S. log lists while you are at it. Director. F. A. Thompson, Jr., USDA-SCS, Hubeell, USDA-SCS, New Mexico, Resch. Adv. S. Carolina, Resch. Adv. in Soil Cons. L. E. in Agronomy. C. L. Long, Interior Dept. Bur. Long, USDA-FAS, Mississippi, Resch. Adv. of Reclam., S. Dakota, Resch. Adv. in Horti- Brief and choice Animal Traction. Anna Jenkins, USDA- culture. A. F. Swanson, USDA-PISAE, Kan- PISAE, New York, Resch. Adv. in Plant Pa- sas, Resch. Adv. in Plant Genetics. L. R. thology. H. A. Cardinell, Michigan, Resch. Sinclair, USDA-BAI, Maryland, Resch. Asst. Cotton fertilizer Adv. in Horticulture. R. L. Fowler, USDA- in Animal Path. According to estimates by the Crop Report- FAS, California, Resch. Spec, in Horticulture. Regional for Latin America—Wm. Cowgill. ing Board of USDA, total fertilizer used this Colombia—H. J. Brooks, Sr. Inspec. Puerto USDA-PISAE, Maryland, Regional Consul, in year on cotton planted in more than a dozen Rico, Tennessee. Livestock Ext. Adv. Horticulture. Keith Himebaugh, USDA-Of- States amounted to 2,552,128 tons, consider- Costa Rica—H. Mowry, Florida Exp. Sta- fice of Inform., Michigan, Information Con- able larger than in 1952, and compared with tion, Consultant-Director. G. P. Gibes, Int. sul. E. W. Laake, Inter. Dept. Bur. of 1,759,094 tons for the 1942-51 average. The Bur. of Reclam., Montana, Resch. Spec, in Reclam., Montana, Resch. Adv. in Entomol- average applied per acre was 355 pounds at Soils. ogy. W. P. Sellers, Louisiana State Exp. an average cost of $9.85. Station, Regional Consul, in Agronomy. F. L. Cuba—J. W. Johnson. Jr., Delaware, Chief Agriculturist. K. M. Kaiser, Calif. Fiber Co., Wellman, USDA-FAS, Wisconsin, Regional Benson girls at 4-H rally California, Resch. Adv. in Engineering. M. Consul, in Pathology. Three daughters of Secretary and Mrs. Ezra D. Jones, Okla. A&M College, Oklahoma, Taft Benson—Beverly, Bonnie, and Beth Resch. Adv. in Agronomy. S. W. McBirney, accompanied by their mother, attended an USDA-PISAE, Colorado, 'Resch. Adv. in En- Readers' reminders assembly of Maryland 4-H clubs at College gineering. B. S. Crandall, USDA-FAS, Park on August 5. Beverly and Bonnie Georgia, Resch. Adv. in Plant Pathology. Co-op institute talk modeled garments made from farm byprod- H. T. Love, Uni. of Calif. Student, Califor- Secretary Benson gave a good summary of ucts during a talk on new uses for crop nia, Resch Adv. in Biochemistry. the problems and policies of the Department wastes and residues given by F. L. Teuton, Dominican Republic—E. G. Beinhart, in an address he gave at the American Insti- information officer for the Bureau of Agri- USDA-BAIC, Pennsylvania. Resch. Adv. in tute of Cooperation, Columbia, Mo. Ask cultural and Industrial Chemistry. Tobacco. W. G. Bradley, USDA-EPQ, Iowa, USDA Editor for your copy, entitled "Work- Resch. Adv. in Entomology. C. R. Muhr, ing Together." Changes in BAI field staff Gveen Giant Co., Minnesota, Resch. Spec, Dr. J. D. Puppel succeeds Dr. J. F. Gest in Soils-Agronomy. H. D. Lynn, Texas Expt. Livestock statistics (retired) as inspector in charge at Cincin- Station, Texas, Cotton Agronomist. Statistical Bulletin No. 127 issued last June nati, Ohio. Dr. M. S. Shahan, who super- Ecuador—Lee Hines, USDA-FAS, Louisi- is a handy reference for your livestock files. vised part of the Government's cooperative ana, Chief Agriculturist. S. S. White, Amer. It is a compilation of the varied statistics foot-and-mouth disease campaign in Mexico, Univ., Michigan, Resch. Spec, in Horticul- and related data on livestock market news. is the new inspector in charge at Greenport, ture. R. Desrosiers, Student, Connecticut, Write to the Information Services of the Long Island, N. Y. Dr. F. H. Sharp succeeds Resch. in Spec, Plant Pathology. J. P. Production and Marketing Administration Dr. L. E. Patton (deceased) as inspector at Keenan, Self Employed, Maryland, Ext. Spec. while the supply lasts. Otherwise it costs Albuquerque, N. M. J. E. Nordby is on a W. V. Harlan, USDA-FAS, Minnesota, Resch. 30 cents per copy from the Superintendent of foreign assignment with FAS, and his place Adv. in Agronomy. J. M. Aikman, Iowa Documents. as head of the Western Sheep Breeding State Col., Iowa, Resch. Adv. in Agronomy. Laboratory at Dubois. Idaho, is taken by Dr. Harold E. Christie, USDA-FHA, Indiana, Ext. Arboretum folder Claude E. Terrill. Adv. in Information. H. R. Yust, USDA- Have you ever been to the National Ar- Kansas, Resch. Snec. in Entomology. EPQ, boretum located in the northeast area of Hollis promoted F. L. O'Rourke, Mich. State Col., Michigan, the District of Columbia? It was established Resch. Spec, in Horticulture. R. E. Waters, by Congress in 1927, but only last month has Richard A. Hollis. who began work for Private Indus., Mississippi, Resch. Spec, in a special descriptive folder appeared concern- USDA's Office of Information as a messenger Dairy Husbandry. D. Costa, Private Indus., ing its strategic location in an intermediate in June 1930, is advanced to be the head of Virginia, Farm Mgt. Spec. T. E. Duncan, climatic zone enabling the cultivation and the Inquiries and Distribution unit in the Georgia Exp. Station, Georgia, Resch. Spec, study of plants and woody shrubs from a Division of Publications. He succeeds Fred in Engineering. wide range of habitat. Copies of the new Zimmerman, who remains as an assistant El Salvador—J. Guiscafrs-Oruillago, Stu- folder may be had from Inquiries and Dis- for the present. A native of Washington, dent, Puerto Rico. Chief Agriculturist. E. W. tribution Service in the Office of Information D. C, Mr. Hollis did personnel work in OI Ranck, USDA-FCA, Maryland, Resch. Adv. here. for several years.

USDA: September 9, 1953 Did you see it? School lunchers coming Butter sales problem The National Geographic Magazine for School officials of 12 city, county, and State August carried a story by its staff members educational units are invited by Secretary about the Agricultural Research Center at Benson to a meeting at the Department on DAIRYMEN WANT more clear-cut and Beltsville, Md. Officials and employees here September 28-29. The call was made to reliable information about the volume of are delighted with the article, which is secure advice and guidance from the field butter sales in this era of strong com- splendidly illustrated in color and halftone people responsible for operating much of the photographs. local distribution of food and services petition from substitutes, especially in through the National School Lunch Program. relation to the prevailing retail prices Cordial relations Wheat agreement paid. Their idea as expressed to USDA Said R. B. McLeaish, Administrator of workers is that this might help determine Farmers Home Administration, in a general Wheat covered by the renewed Interna- tional letter to their employees: "One of the first Wheat Agreement that began opera- the level of prices or the price ranges at tion on August 1 amounts to 421,152,000 things I wanted to do on coming into this which current dairy production of bushels. The Department helps operate the fine organization was to meet all my fellow- agreement, which this year is well below the butterfat would easily move into con- workers. I plan to come into each Division volume of 595,542,000 first provided for under and have a friendly visit with you. I also sumption if there were no price supports its terms. Withdrawal of the United King- hope that within the next few months I shall dom from participation makes the main in effect. have the opportunity of visiting every State difference. Previous published studies are avail- Office and as many County Offices as soon as possible. Our agency has a fine reputa- Annual leave reduction able but they do not entirely fit the tion, and it is evidently due to the good work present situation since so many State and that you are all doing." Office of Personnel has distributed sched- ules suggesting a standard formula for re- Federal taxes and restrictions on oleo- ducing excess annual leave within a 10-year Crom to Dakota margarine have been eliminated. In 1949 period to meet the requirements of the latest Robert Crom, Radio and Television Serv- law. For those with annual leave accumula- Iowa State College issued Research Bul- ice of the Office of Information, has resigned tion in excess of 30 days, of from 1 to 12 days, letin 368 wherein it was stated that a to take the position of communications di- the annual reduction would be one-third of change in price of one percent changed rector at the North Dakota State College. the excess accumulation. For an employee He will coordinate methods and materials at the high extreme of between 49 and 60 butter consumption in the opposite direc- days above the 30 days established as the used in all media and tie in somewhat with tion about 1.3 percent. Later F. Pearson the new research studies in communications future maximum, the annual reduction rate under the Kellogg Grant at Michigan State would be one-tenth of the excess accumula- and E. E. Vial of Cornell University found College. tion. A separate schedule is presented for a much less effect of the price of butter employees outside of the continental United States. upon its consumption. For the 1920-41 Tung oil laboratory period they found that a one percent The United States Tung Oil Laboratory Is Loyalty regulations retail price change caused the located at Bogalusa, La., in charge of R. S. consump- Chapter 59, employee loyalty program, of McKinney. Its work is with development tion to go in the opposite direction only the administrative regulations, of new methods of drying and storage of tung USDA has been revised. It provides regulations from about one-tenth to one-third of one fruit for oil extraction; better methods of and instructions for agencies to follow regarding analysis of fruits and nuts for oil and mois- percent. Studies and interviews have investigations under Executive Order 10450, ture, and better control of the methods of Security Requirements for Government also been made by the Washington Agri- expressing oil and recovering the meal; and Em- ployment. finally, development of new uses for tung cultural Experiment Station and others meal. The laboratory is one of the field recently concerning the exclusive or agencies of the Bureau of Agricultural and Jull hall simultaneous use of butter and mar- Industrial Chemistry. The new poultry building at the University of Maryland has been named "Jull Hall" in garine. Courtesy award honor of Dr. Morley A. Jull, head of the The dairy industry seeks the aid of re- University's poultry department. Before After asking many irritating questions to coming to Maryland, Dr. Jull was senior search on a better planned basis than test the good nature of more than 200 Fed- poultry husbandman for USDA, and helped before, however. The reason is obvious. eral workers who occupy positions close to plan the extensive poultry research facilities visiting public, the Department figures show that in the the Washington Times- located at the Agricultural Research Center, Herald list announced a of 10 most courteous Beltsville, Md. 1919-38 era the consumption of farm and employees. The name of Mrs. Alice M. Shoe- creamery butter averaged over two bil- maker, Inquiries and Distribution Service, Andrews to Michigan Office of Information, was high on the list lion pounds annually, while that of and her picture appeared in the newspaper. Stanley Andrews, formerly in many execu- tive positions with USDA, including director oleomargarine ran about 300 million of the Office of Foreign Agricultural Rela- Military rights pounds. Butter then averaged 1.9 times tions, later head of the Technical Coopera- the price charged for the substitute. But The U. S. Civil Service Commission has tion Administration, is the director of the announced the right to reemployment of National Project in Agricultural Communica- in 1951-52 the consumption of butter persons tions. project was developed the who have been discharged from mili- The by averaged 1.4 billion pounds a year and tary duty, who left Government service while Association of Agricultural College Editors serving under indefinite appointment. The under a grant of the W. K. Kellogg Founda- that of oleomargarine 1.1 billions, with right is restricted to the geographical area of tion. It is located at Michigan State College, butter prices two and a half times the the installation where he was formerly em- East Lansing, Mich. price of margarine. ployed and the Department states that it is the policy to grant promotions in absentia Soil conservation wherever practical. The general rule is to file applications within 90 days after dis- The 1954 agricultural conservation program charge, hospitalized will have an authorized 195 million dollars but veterans have a SEPTEMBER 9, 1953, Vol. XII, No. 18 year to file for reemployment. to be allocated among the States on a for- mula similar to previous ones. Federal USDA is published fortnightly for distribu- Federal figurers funds will be used only for those practices tion to employees only, by direction of the deemed essential in the public interest and Secretary of Agriculture, and with approval officers the Federal which the farmer or rancher states New of Government Ac- he would of the Director of the Bureau of the Budget countants Association are: Andrew Barr, not otherwise carry out on his own resources. (July 1, 1952), as containing administrative president, Securities and Exchange Commis- Land use adjustments with legume and grass information required for the proper transac- sion; Laurence W. Acker. Army Audit Agency, cover crops and initiating systematic crop tion of the public business Retirees who vice president; Harold R. Gearhart, Treasury rotations is an important practice in the write the editor requesting It may continue Department, vice president; Norman L. Bur- 1954 program. The PMA farmer-committee- get USDA. Please write instead 01 piion- ton, Atomic Energy Commission, secretary; men will conduct the work at the county and to ing whenever possible; for rush orders call John C. Cooper, Jr., Department of Agricul- community levels, with technical responsi- ture, treasurer. The group has about 1,000 bility in their respective fields assigned to Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre. Editor of members and has eight local chapters outside the Soil Conservation Service and the Forest T'SDA, Office of Information, Department of of Washington. Service. Agriculture. Washington 25. D. C.

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 193S —

SHARE THIS COPY Advising researchers

SEARCHING FOR suitable topics for re- search is made better and more practical when direct advice is available to scien- tific personnel from the citizens who need

new research and stand to benefit by it. 2 Congress recognized that in wording sec- tion 302 of the Research and Marketing 3 Act of 1946. It directed the USDA to set up a National Research Advisory 4 I FOR SEPTEMBER 23, 1953 Committee and other appropriate com- mittees to represent producers, industry, Government, and science. Personnel staff meetings, REA Hence we have numerous functional Do ABC we know what for? orientation sessions, Bureau of Animal and commodity advisory committees of permanent standing who consult at in- THE LONGEST distance between two Industry training guides for supervisors, and Soil Conservation Service training tervals with the marketing research di- points is that between the head of an centers. rectors so as to keep the program respon- agency and the field employee who car- in bulletin, sive to the "grassroots" requirements. ries the agency's program to the public. Main emphasis the how- ever, is on employee participation in Their main recommendations are often How to bridge this gap is a problem that used to discuss and prepare has troubled every large organization. management as the best means of in- agenda for suring understanding agency objec- future submission to the Bureau of the Some time ago a panel of agency heads of tives. bulletin Budget in making advance of the Department pointed out that one The points out that "since requests and field are the persons ac- suggestions for continued research in all of the major problems of an adminis- employees who tually carry a program into operation, active lines of effort. trator is how to help employees under- they probably better anyone J. Roy Allgyer, of the Agricultural stand the objectives of the organization. know than Re- else it works, what shortcomings it search Administration staff, has sum- To do the best job possible, employees how has, and what people think of it. There marized the important contributions that need to know what the organization is should, therefore, be some way to get the advisory committee system has ren- trying to accomplish and how their jobs their suggestions up the line to the top." dered in 5 or 6 years of experience with contribute to it. But more than this is appendix includes three articles on it: needed. As one of the panel members An employee participation in management Keeps Government research agencies said, "We need to get a two-way rela- processes. Two of these, entitled "A in closer touch with the needs and prob- tionship—a two-way communication be- Technique For Enlisting Employee Coop- lems involved. Gives research agencies tween the administrator and the fellow eration in the of Admin- the benefit of the who has to do the job." Improvement thinking and advice istration" and "The 'Up and Down' Pro- of leaders from broad segments who have Just off the press is a timely Depart- gram in Farm Security Administration," agricultural interest throughout the ment publication on this subject, en- are by former Department employees. country. Results in critical periodic re- titled "Understanding Objective s The bulletin represents contributions views of the aspects of research as it A Study in Two-Way Communication," from practically all agencies of the De- relates to overall objectives. Develops which grew out of the panel discussion partment. It is recommended reading better understanding of the administra- mentioned. Part I sums up methods for administrators and first-line super- tive, fiscal, and operational problems used by agencies of the Department to visors alike. The bulletin was prepared faced by public research agencies, and tell their employees about objectives and under the direction of an interagency the interrelationship among Federal, policies. Among these are policy state- committee headed by James E. Halligan, State, and private research. ments and memoranda, conferences, who recently retired as Assistant Admin- Stimulates closer cooperation and co- house organs, and newsletters. One very istrator, Farmers' Home Administration. ordination between Department research effective device, used by the Bureau of Major credit for the preparation of the agencies and between USDA and indus- D. Wagner, Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, bulletin goes to Glenn Rural try. Contributes to a wider acquaintance Electrification Administration. Copies is called "Notes from the Chief's Office." between scientists and farm and indus- have been supplied to each agency. This is a weekly newsletter, written in trial leaders. Helps to stimulate the narrative style, which seeks to keep di- imagination and efforts of many research rectors of the regional research labora- workers both in and out of Government. tories and their staffs abreast of research Arthur Dillman dies Helps translate and apply the results of and program development, as well as to Arthur C. Dillman, 72, well-known author- research in our farm and industrial life. ity on seed flax production, died at his home describe other matters of interest. in Washington, D. C, August 10. As a flax Finally, it promotes wider public interest Another example, from a wartime and forage crop specialist, Mr. Dillman spent in the general needs and benefits of re- 39 years with the Department, and was the agency, is a bulletin that was called author of many bulletins and research re- search. ports on the culture of flax and other crops. "What's Cooking?" This put before field It might also be said that without any people suggested proposals to give them such advisory forces to aid the laboratory Forestry meeting an opportunity to submit comments and and the fieldworkers, the end results of A proposed program for American forestry suggestions. Among other devices that with recommendations in five principal fields studies in all phases of marketing, proc- are mentioned are Forest Service family will be up before the fourth American Forest essing, and distributing would probably Congress, October 29-31, in Washington, meetings and show-me trips, Office of D. C. fall short of the desired objectives. 269829°—53 A national coordinating committee World plant trading from the various regions of the country Ideal ideas DOMINANT IN the work of USDA's Divi- acts as advisors and associates to the GREAT STRESS is placed by the super- sion of Plant Exploration and Introduc- Division in the cooperative program. visors of the Farmers' Home Administra- tion at the Beltsville, Md., Plant Industry- They are associated also in this work tion upon the encouragement given to all Station are activities related to the inter- with Soil Conservation Service and the employees to submit their ideas and sug- national exchange of new and valuable Forest Service. The chairman is R. D. gestions for the betterment of manage- plant materials. According to author- Lewis, director of the Texas Agricultural ment procedures and practices. The ities these activities included sanitary Experiment Station, while the secretary usual official cash awards provided by inspection and quarantine procedures is C. O. Erlanson, head, Division of Congress accompany this open offer that last year for 3,887 foreign- and domestic- P. E. & I. has resulted in significant savings in plant shipments covering over 98.000 operating costs. items, without counting the incidental August lightning fires A detailed annual report showing sug- distribution of ornamentals from Fed- Western regions of the U. S. Forest Service gestions received and adopted and the eral stations. reported 1,500 lightning-caused fires in one cash awards made is distributed to of August. Prolonged drought has FHA It used to be that the main flow of week made the woods tinder dry and good fuel for employees. This year's annual report plant materials through these official strokes of lightning. was included in the recent Management plants being intro- channels comprised Improvement covering Brice Edwards retires Bulletin sugges- duced into this country from overseas. tion award winners for the period of However, of late the increase in the U. S. Brice Edwards, a specialist in the field of license enforcement work in the Fruit and April through June 1953. The Bulletin Technical Cooperative Missions abroad Vegetable Branch of PMA, who has served also included circled figures indicating has a big boom of plant exports. They the Department since 1928, retired in August. He did regulatory work in Chicago and Winter the cumulative number of suggestions refer to these as "reverse introductions" Haven, Fla. He is a veteran of World War I. submitted and adopted for the respective sent to foreign lands consisting of the From 1922 to 1928 Mr. Edwards taught voca- employees. Naturally, other USDA best strains of our cultivated plants of tional agriculture in Missouri. agencies follow the same or similar many species. The heavier demand in Fisher back from Europe methods to some extent. this field has made extra help at head- Dr. C. H. Fisher, Director of the Southern For fiscal 1953, 548 suggestions were quarters necessary to handle it. Regional Research Laboratory of the Bureau received from FHA workers, and 118 were The Division of Plant Exploration and of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, spent several weeks in Western Europe this adopted. Cash awards were distributed Introduction is the only unit in USDA season. He was an official U. S. delegate to for the sum of $2,270 to 85 persons. primarily concerned with the exchange the Seventeenth Conference of the Inter- From these ideas at least $46,535 worth of living plant materials with other national Union of Pure and Applied Chem- istry at Stockholm, Sweden. While abroad of savings were realized in the first year. countries of the world although this — he visited many chemists in textile and re- Close to 10 percent of the employees sent is not its only duty. In cooperation with search laboratories check with them in to in ideas to clarify and simplify or im- the Bureau of Entomology and Plant relation to current projects in line with those under way at the New Orleans prove operations. About 23 percent of Quarantine, it arranges for proper in- laboratory. the suggestions submitted were adopted. spection, and then places with United In the latest annual report, "testimon- States plant breeders through the New ials" supporting and praising the empha- Crops Project all such living plant ma- sis placed on employee suggestions were terials reaching the Department. With cited from State FHA Directors and Area its own quarantine facilities at Glenn Finance Managers. These included E. R. Dale, Md., it has more latitude as to what Arneson, South Dakota; B. W. Lodwick, may be brought in than almost any other Iowa; F. L. Spencer, Louisiana; John R. private or public agency. Since its or- McClung, North Dakota; and C. C. ganization in 1898, some 220,000 intro- Stubbs, Puerto Rico. ductions have been passed on to plants- men in State and Federal services. Some HINTS FLB scholarships valuable basic stocks and high-yielding, Eight Midwest farm boys will enroll as disease-resistant strains have been thus freshmen in State agricultural colleges this secured. fall with the aid of $300 scholarships awarded by the Federal Land Bank of Omaha. Win- Within the framework of the Division's ners were selected by the colleges from high national cooperative plant improvement school seniors who applied. The candidate's character, scholastic standing, and partici- are work projects for testing program pation in farm events and community activi- and maintaining the basic plant stocks. ties were considered. Last year the scholar- given only in South Dakota, A supervisory leader heads up each of ships were but this year Iowa, Nebraska and Wyoming were these work projects, as follows: W. E. included. Whitehouse, introduction and evalua- tion of fruit and vegetable crops; H. L. Bigger market basket Hyland, in similar work for field crops; Economists in the Bureau of Agricultural Economics have figured out a bigger market D. S. Correll, handling specialty crops; basket that contains larger quantities and S. F. Blake, identification of plant speci- more types of food. This they have used for mens and bibliographical investigations; a revision of the farm-retail price spreads that appear regularly in "Marketing and and W. H. Hodge, in charge of the na- Transportation Situation." To obtain a tional cooperative program for intro- proper perspective therefore one should get the supplement recently issued which pre- duction, screening and preservation of sents the new statistical relationships by new plant materials. quarters from 1946 through March 1953.

USDA: September 23, 1953 economist, Marketing and Facilities Research Said on the side Readers' reminders Branch, Production and Marketing Adminis- tration. Information Services in PMA dis- THINKING HABITS of farm folks once tributes copies of this bulletin while Yohe's book the upon a time were thought to be influ- supply lasts. Ralph Yohe, associate editor of The Prairie enced most by their extreme isolation. Farmer of Chicago, has had a book recently Farms and farm folks Critics said that farmers were ornery published by the Iowa State College Press. A special cooperative study has been pub- Its challenging title is "What Our Farmers because they kept to themselves in the lished to show characteristics the United Can Learn From Other Lands." Mr. Yohe of States farm operator families, their housing, fields and tending flocks and didn't get should know, as he has made many extensive and other items, including amounts trips abroad. and to talk with smart city people often sources of income by economic classes. It is enough or hear how faraway foreign the work of the Bureau of the Census, De- Pressure canners partment of Commerce, and economists and folks managed things. But that now There's a new circular out now on the use home economics workers in USDA. Copies of modern machinery and labor-saving and care of pressure canning apparatus. It's this 98-page report cost 50 cents each from the Superintendent of Documents, Govern- electric methods have reached most Home and Garden Bulletin No. 30, by Eliza- beth Beveridge, Bureau of Human Nutrition ment Printing Office. farms, and good roads, autos, and radio and Home Economics. Inquiries and Distri- link them up tight to cities, we still find bution Service, Office of Information, supplies Those annual reports copies available. farm folks sticking pretty much to their Office of Information has urged all agencies to reduce the number of copies of their an- particular way of looking at things Free Nebraska report nual reports and to cut their length reason- which is often different than city A. E. Anderson, agricultural statistician ably. Multiples of 8-page signatures are bet- State-Federal relationships ter than inbetween sizes 32 pages being workers—and we can't blame it on under in the — Nebraska Department of Agriculture, an- better than 36 and 16 pages better than 20. isolation any more. That's because nounced recently that the 1951 agricultural Annual reports are not required by law to be each 200 acres of good farm land takes figures for the State are now available in printed although they must be issued and bulletin form. Interested persons may write submitted to the Secretary of Agriculture. less men to run it, and every man left to him at 203 Post Office Building, Lincoln 1, Only those projects definitely authorized in our old valley has his job cut out for Nebr. should be included. him. He must know his stuff and watch USDA club guide his step and use his old head all the A map on the back cover of the newly time. This sharpens and him up makes published "USDA CLUB Guide" giving the him think for himself and others much locations of these employee organizations is Changes in point IV more than his old grandpa did He useful to folks who travel. It has been sent to all USDA Club presidents and all agency The technical assistance program has been carries heavier investments and much heads and personnel officers in the Washing- transferred from the State Department to the sun rises and sets just as fast as ever ton area. Single copies may also be had by the new Foreign Operations Administration. writing to E. R. Draheim, Office of Personnel As a result, new instructions have been is- and in the same locations, and time and here. sued which relate to changes in several per- the weather march on just as power- sonnel procedures, mainly those of security fully from seedtime to harvest. The Science translations clearances. Severe restrictions are also placed on the number of employees The National Science Foundation, in col- who may second reason has always existed. serve the point IV program laboration with the Atomic Energy Commis- at salaries of $12,000 per annum or more. Farmers are just as close to fresh woods sion, has set up at the Library of Congress a and fields and mellow furrows and grow- cooperative center for the collecting, catalog- ing, and announcing translations of foreign Identity found ing plants, and work with patient dumb scientific publications. Monthly lists of In the 1928 Yearbook of Agriculture the animals as much as their forefathers. translations newly received and those avail- frontispiece in color showed a 12-year-old able will be issued. Address all inquiries There's some kind of lasting effect com- boy driving some sheep a lane. about the service to Scientific Translations up country Now it comes to our attention this ing from that open air experience with Center, Science Division, Library of Congress, that boy has grown into an exmember of the Con- the boss which we can't ex- Washington 25, D. C. nature as necticut State Legislature. He is Stanley H. actly describe—even if we ask a high- Downs, of Bethany, Conn. He is first select- Social security study man at present in his home township. priced mind expert. The farmer catches He In 1950, coverage of the hired farm worker still owns and runs a farm and has a flock of himself looking at most things the way was enacted as an amendment to the Old-Age more than 50 sheep. Survivors' Insurance Program of we used to in our old valley—even if he and the Social Security Administration. Because it Timber resources saved job in a city. gets a temporary cooped up is important to have the views of farmers Timber-resources management by em- Hence many of us calculate that it with regard to possible extension of the ployees of the Forest Service coverage to farm operators, interviews were provides for doesn't pay to educate a farmer too far taken with 257 farm operators toward the the conduct of the national-forest timber away from things that make him stead- program. The work was done by Texas A & M sales—a business with receipts of 70 million dollars and a cut of 5.2 billion board College. A few extra copies are obtainable feet in fast and courageous. Discourage the fiscal year 1953. This cut is equal to 15 from Roy L. Roberts, Social Security Ad- per- cent of all lumber manufactured in homespun style of realistic farm think- ministration, Room 804, Equitable Life Build- the United States. The Forest Service is by far as well ing, Baltimore, Md. ing and you might foreclose the the largest single supplier of raw materials freedom that makes farmers usually for the Nation's forest-products industries, Co-op cases summary with greater volume demanded owing to the willing and able to feed the rest of us Six comments at length on certain selected reduced supply of private timber in some so abundantly. cooperative legal cases have been combined areas. in circular form by the Cooperative Research and Service Bureau, Farm Credit Adminis- Lytle retires Hoopes follows Broadhecad tration. They were prepared by Raymond J. John W. Lytle has retired as assistant chief Mischler, Office of the Solicitor. The com- Last month Secretary Benson announced of the administrative accounting section, ments do not give the official viewpoints of that Daken K. Broadhead had resigned as Farmers' Home Administration. Mr. Lytle left the USDA as such. They are listed as Sum- executive assistant owing to the death of a private employment at Joplin, Mo., in 1932 to mary No. 56, obtainable from FCA. business partner in California. In his place take a 90-day temporary job with the Emer- the Secretary appointed Lorenzo H. Hoopes, gency Crop and Feed Loan Branch of the rail Denver, Colo. Mr. Hoopes has been eastern Grain by Farm Credit Administration, and he re- district manager for the Lucerne Milk Co. Many complex conditions affect the volume mained there until 1946. Thereupon he and has been connected with agricultural of grain and feed products transported by the transferred to the new FHA, where he served marketing organizations for 22 years, with railroads. Many of the intricate problems until retirement. He attended schools in his special experience in egg procurement and involved and the services rendered, as well as native State of Missouri, and is a graduate of processing and handling dairy products. He the limitations, are given in detail in a new Benjamin Franklin University, Washington, is a native of Brigham City, Utah. study by William J. Hudson, transportation D. C. In retirement he will take trailer tours.

USDA: September 23, 1953 Rubbing out lice Forest-fire prevention Granary housekeeping At the Oregon Experiment Station almost The plans and placards for the 1954 co- The Advisory Committee on Grain Sanita- complete control of cattle lice has been se- operative forest-fire-prevention campaign tion works with USDA and the Food and Drug cured with a rubbing device. It consists of have been distributed to State and Federal Administration in efforts to combat the in- cables wrapped with burlap treated with officers and all other cooperators for the sects and other pests of stored cereals. The 5 percent chlordane in fuel oil at 30-day in- placing of advance orders early. New visual heads of the active committees are: Educa- tervals. Cattle in the feed lots did away with graphic materials in support of the effort tion, W. H. Bowman, Millers' National Fed- their infestations by rubbing themselves are presented by The Advertising Council, eration, Chicago; rodent control, Dr. Harold against the cables. Inc., and the U. S. Forest Service information Macy, Institute of Agriculture, University of specialists. Minnesota, St. Paul; insect control, Dr. R. C. Wheat resistance Smith, Kansas State College, Manhattan. Good loan record Cooperative experiments by Department Deficit milk areas scientists and those in the Oklahoma and Farmers and ranchers and farm coopera- Problems of economic adjustments in the Dakota areas are reported as making good tives in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Wash- dairy industry to serve areas of sparse pro- headway in efforts to find selections of wheat ington used $162,499,480 of credit from units duction is a line project in marketing and which will develop resistance to green bugs of the Farm Credit Administration during transportation research now underway. Bu- and wheat stem sawfly. the fiscal year ended last June 30. reau of Agricultural Economics staff mem- bers will tackle a series of studies to deter- Not loans alone Editor pleased mine the extent, conditions, and methods by which distribution areas are being expanded Farmers' Paul Ives, editor "Cackle Crow," A Home Administration borrower of and of in the West. The Western Regional Tech- in Haven, Conn., says that is great came to pay his loan in full at a Midwest New he a nical Committee for Dairy Marketing Re- office. They asked him what he thought was collector of old agricultural texts and his- search will cooperate. It is a field in which the best part of the assistance re- tories. Upon request this office sent Mr. he had too little is known, although the Utah and Ives a set of the deal- ceived through FHA. He replied that while Department documents Montana Experiment Stations have gathered ing in he needed the loan badly, the best help he got with landmarks its development. He some data on the subject. was from the training he had received in forthwith bound each one in board bindings work organization. He said that the carry- to add to the files of his own "research" Tobacco study pool ing out of certain practices and the settling library of several thousand books and The Production Marketing of definite dates for specific operations periodicals. and Adminis- tration has organized coordinated research provided the most valuable phase of guidance a program known as the tobacco research provided. Wilm to Syracuse pool. State research offices in 6 States are Harold G. Wilm, Division of Forest and cooperating. In addition, Duke University, India exchange Range Influences, U. S. Forest Service, has the University of Louisville, and 12 tobacco resigned Ten young men from farms in Ohio, Kan- to become associate dean of the companies are making contributions to the York State College Forestry, Syracuse, sas, Minnesota, Utah, and New Mexico are in New of effort. The work is conducted under the India to live and work with farm families N. Y. Mr. Wilm transferred a few years ago authority of the Research and Marketing Act from with there as part of the International Farm work FS in the Pacific Northwest, of 1946, and the Standards and Technical to the office. Youth Exchange. Their native escort, who Washington Research Division of the Tobacco Branch of has been staying on western United States PMA is the general supervisory agency. The Sloan retires farms, is Bhupatrai Trivedi. Next year as a Sam plan is to get data on chemical composition result of a Ford Foundation grant to the Sam L. Sloan, Portland, Oreg., State Con- and physical properties of U. S. grades chosen National 4—H Club Foundation, 25 exchangees servationist of the Soil Conservation Service to represent a cross section of the different from India and 10 from Pakistan are sched- since 1945, retired this month after 35 years types and crops of American leaf. The find- uled to visit farm folks here, and 15 of our of public service. Sloan pioneered the estab- ings will be correlated with the various ele- youth will go to India and Pakistan. lishment of stripcropping in Montana while ments of quality now used in the Federal with the Montana State Extension Service. grade specifications. The idea is to work Bobst appointment He entered extension work in 1915 as county out a more scientific basis for the establish- agent of Day County, S. Dak. He came to ment of official standard grades. Harvey G. Bobst, Lincoln, Nebr., has been Bozeman, Mont., in 1913 as Extension Agron- designated acting director of the Northern omist, and joined the SCS at Great Falls, REA reorganization Plains Region of the Soil Conservation Serv- Mont., in December 1935. The reorganization of Rural Electrification ice. He will take over the work September Administration provides for the separation of 30 upon the effective date of the retirement July employment data the electric and telephone programs under of Arthur E. McClymonds, who has directed two assistant administrators. The assistant Separations from the Department as of SCS work in that region since 1939. Mr. administrators are Roy G. Zook for the elec- July 31, 1953, of full-time personnel with- Bobst was born on a farm near Almena, tric program, and J. K. O'Shaughnessy for in the continental limits of the United Kans., and is a graduate of Kansas State the telephone program. Relations with all States, including the temporary employees, College. electrification borrowers will be handled amounted to 3,322 persons, or a turnover of through two new Regions—the Northern and 5.3 percent. Outside the Washington area Praise cotton opener the Southern. Wade M. Edmunds is chief there were 3,145 separations and inside the of the former region, and William H. Callaway Several cotton-yarn manufacturers who area the number was 177. Total paid em- heads the latter region. Each region is have tested the new cotton-opener mecha- ployment on July 31 was 78,006, a decrease of further divided into area offices, and these 1953. Full-time employ- nism designed by the Southern Regional Re- 91 since June 30, in turn into Operations, Engineering, and search stood at 64,085 on the same date this Laboratory of the Bureau of Agricul- ment Accounting Sections. Area directors are: tural and Industrial Chemistry report that year, or 303 more than in June. Most of the Northeast, Ralph J. Foreman; North Central, it brought savings in a year through decreases in June—July were with part-time them Osborne W. Briden; Western, Chris L. reduced waste workers. of spinnable fiber amounting and intermittent Schultz; Southeast, John H. Scoltock; and to enough to pay for the machine's cost. Southwest, Reginald E. Cole. J. B. McCurley They say that when the opener is used, the Golden nematode control is chief of the Electric Operations Division, removal of trash by standard cleaning equip- while the Electric Engineering Division is ment is much easier. At least mills are Under a joint official agreement pursuant 31 headed by Joseph O'Brien. known to be using the opener and 4 manu- to law, compensation of $60 an acre is paid facturers and 9 companies are licensed to to cooperating Long Island potato growers produce it under USDA patents. The in- with lands infested with the golden nema- ventors are R. A. Rusca and R. C. Young of tode, if they refrain from planting potatoes SEPTEMBER 23, 1953, Vol. XII, No. 19 the SRRL. on the areas of infestation, plant only crops is published fortnightly for distribu- approved by the New York Department of USDA Agriculture and Markets on such land, and tion to employees only, by direction of the Milk Congress meeting with approval otherwise comply in good faith with the reg- Secretary of Agriculture, and Director of the Bureau of the Budget Plans and suggestions leading to better ulations executed in the form of an agree- of the (July 1, 1952), as containing administrative utilization of world milk supplies is part of ment. New York has enacted enabling leg- information required for the proper transac- the theme set for the World Congress for Milk islation required by the Federal Golden public business. Retirees who Utilization, sponsored by the Dairy Indus- Nematode Act. The compensating payment tion of the write the editor requesting it may continue tries Society International. It will meet at to growers is shared jointly half and half USDA. Please write instead of phon- the Statler Hotel, Washington, D. O, Novem- by the State of New York and the U. S. De- to get possible; rush orders call ber 20-21. The officers say the Congress will partment of Agriculture. Although widely ing whenever for Mclntyre, Editor of act under the stimulation offered by Secre- favored by Long Island potato growers, the Ext. 2058. Elwood R. tary Benson to devise greater self-help regulations and agreements to participate are USDA, Office of Information, Department of projects. not obligatory. Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

V. i. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1913 7'

Oats notes SHARE THIS COPY 4?^ COOPERATIVE NURSERIES' estab- lished for the widespread testing of old and new oat varieties have been operated for nearly 30 years by the Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases at the Plant 1 i — Industry Station, and by numerous plant 2 breeders and agronomists at almost all

3 of the State agricultural experiment stations. 4 FOR OCTOBER 7, 1953 In 1952 H. A. Rodenhiser succeeded K. S. Quisenberry, now Assistant Chief of the Bureau, as head of the CC&D Division. Now associated in this work for USDA are H. C. Murphy, Franklin A. For Superior work Employee awards CofTman, and Harland Stevens. An- other worker PAY INCREASES for superior accom- CASH AWARDS for suggestions, for who contributed zealously to oat testing plishment and Certificates of Merit were cases in excess of $100, authorized by programs—Conley V. Low- ther died year. recently awarded employees, as indicated Public Law 600, are listed thus: — during the past below: Only five stations in as many States Bureau of Animal Industry: G. Aime Fortier, were included at the time that the coop- Agricultural Research Center: Mrs. Myrtle P. Jeanerette, La., $150. Fiscal Accounting Clerk, Belts- erative coordinated oat breeding nursery Donaldson, Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agri- ville, Md. cultural Engineering: Myron Stout, Salt pr jgram began in 1924 under the direc- Bureau of Agricultural Economics: Raymond Lake City, Utah, $135. tion of Mr. Coffman. Since then the Alford, Jr., Miscellaneous Duplicating R. Production and Marketing Administration: whole program has been expanded to Equipment Operator, Raleigh, N. C; Marion John H. Comford, Minneapolis, Minn., E. Bailey, Statistical Assistant, Washington, reach the present 116 stations located in $235; Aubrey L. Flippen, and John B. Vance, D. C; Richard J. Foote, Supervisory Analyti- Richmond, Va.; $150; Houston O. Gil- 44 States and Alaska. cal Statistician, Washington, D. C; Vera lespie, Nashville, Tenn., $280; Joseph A. Genz, Budget and Fiscal Assistant, Washing- New plans adopted for 1953 call for a Jones, Montgomery, Ala., $280; Lester Lord, ton, D. C; Harold R. Walker, Supervisory division of the country into five rather New York, N. Y., $110; Herman N. Mindlin Analytical Statistician, Washington, D. C. and George R. Shadwick, Dallas, Tex., $125. than four regions, and for the growing Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chem- Soil Conservation Service: Ralph E. Kennard. of three general nurseries in the north- istry: Helen I. Wright, Clerk, Peoria, 111.; Washington, D. $160. Patricia M. Cooney, Chemist, Peoria, 111.; C, ern area of the United States. These are Julian Corman, Chemist, Peoria, 111. Cash awards for efficiency under Public called the northeastern, north central Farmers Home Administration: Joseph J. Law 429 are as follows: and northwestern nurseries. The mid- RosACKER, Farm Management Supervisor, Forest Service: Robert Appleby, Corvallis, W. season and early maturing nurseries will Ottawa, Kans. Oreg., $300; Lowell W. Ash, Portland, Oreg., $120; Arthur H. Mase and George H. Hig- be combined in the north region, while Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine: gins, Missoula, Willard A. Algren, Fiscal Accounting Clerk, Mont., $110. the irrigated and dryland nurseries will Minneapolis, Minn.; William F. McCambridge, Production and Marketing Administration: be combined in the northwestern region. Entomologist, Portland, Oreg. Albert Lubore, Washington, D. C, $100; Special studies in disease resistance are Thomas Smart, Washington, D. $500. Forest Service: Guerdon L. Dimmick, For- C, deemed especially vital to oat culture ester, Milwaukee, Wis.; Joseph J. Barry, Dis- trict Ranger, Ava, Mo.; Stanley A. Johnson, everywhere owing to recent widespread Clerk, Milwaukee, Wis.; Kurt General Supply epidemics of rust races and other fungous K. Koehler, Fiscal Accountant, Milwaukee, New York courses Wis.; Richard D. Lane, Forester, Carbondale, plant enemies. To combine both high Special training for Federal personnel is 111. yield and high disease resistance are ob- the objective of the 7 weeks courses sponsored Production And Marketing Administration: at New York University by the Federal Per- jectives sought. Such disease resistance Allen D. Cheesbrough, Administrative As- sonnel Council and the USDA Graduate breeding of promising selections takes sistant, Casper, Wyo.; Adolph J. Fischenich, School. It is similar to the program devel- Freight Traffic Assistant, Chicago, 111.; Louis oped last season with Boston University for place now at State experiment stations Galluzzi, Accounting Clerk, Chicago, 111.; Federal workers in that area. located at Ames, Iowa; St. Paul, Minn.; Mary H. Gray, Clerk, Chicago, 111.; Marie A. Madison, Wis.; Columbia, Mo.; Manhat- Higgins, Time, Leave, and Payroll Supervisor, PMA awards program Chicago, 111.; Mrs. Florence A. Lee, Clerk- tan, Kans.; Gainesville, Fla.; Statesville, Stenographer, Kansas City, Mo.; Leneita E. The employee awards program in the Pro- N. and Agricultural Research Llewellyn, Secretary, Washington, D. C; C; the duction and Marketing Administration has Mrs. Anna C. Oliver, Clerk-Stenographer, Center, Beltsville, Md. been making good progress. Charles M. Cox, Kansas City, Mo.; William O. Shopner, Agri- chairman of the PMA Central Efficiency cultural Economist, Washington, D. C; Lee Awards Committee, reports that since July D. Sinclair, Livestock Marketing Specialist, 1, 1947, more than 2,000 ideas have been Individual farms lead Washington, D. C; Maxine M. Yeager, Clerk- offered as suggestions by PMA employees Typist, Washington, D. C. From the 1950 Census of Agriculture, it and 27 percent have been found worthy of has been determined by the Bureau of Agri- adoption. Rural Electrification Administration: Kath- The estimated savings on a con- cultural Economics, that 1,017.3 million acres, servative basis derived from these ideas total ryn V. Allen, Secretary, Washington, D. C; or 88 percent of all the farm land in this nearly $900,000. Such improvements in Ann M. Parrott, Secretary, Washington, D. C. work country, is owned by individuals. This re- methods, according to Mr. Cox, are like a fers to farmland owned by one or more per- Conservation Service: E. William An- chain reaction leading to further Soil betterment sons, as husband and wife, partnerships, derson, Range Conservationist, Pendleton, of the service. undivided interests or estates, and life es- Oreg.; Adele L. Bush, Appointment Clerk, tates. Corporations owned 51 million acres, Albuquerque, N. Mex.; Max B. Clark, Soil Oreg.; George E. Otte, Soil Scientist, The or 4.4 percent. Public lands and lands owned Conservation Aid, Upper Darby, Pa.; Frank Dalles, Oreg.; Lyle C. Smith, Civil the balance of 7.6 W. Gurgurick, Soil Conservationist, Silver- Engineer, by Indians make up ton, Oreg.; Richard A. King, Engineering Aid, Klamath Falls, Oreg.; Wilbur E. Ternyik, percent. A story in BAE's Agricultural Situ- Maupin, Oreg.; Robert E. Krohn, Adminis- Soil Conservation Aid, Florence, Oreg.; Jo- ation for September gives further details trative Assistant, Portland, Oreg.; Hubert J. seph S. Westvold, Engineering Aid, Klamath including estimates of who owns the 727 Oliver, Engineering Aid, Klamath Falls, Falls, Oreg. million acres not in farms. 273386°—53 —

lucent object on the ground glass, and Photogenic insects light transmitted through the specimen Negro extension aided gave merely a silhouette or skeleton. As CREATION OF the position of national BEHIND ILLUSTRATIONS in a recent all microscopic animal life found in the leader for agricultural extension work Department technical bulletin on May water is translucent, his discovery opened with Negro farm families and the nam- beetles lies a story of many months of up the entire field of fresh-water zoology ing of John W. Mitchell, Extension Serv- experimentation. May beetles and their to photography. Mr. Pratt, now retired, ice field agent, Hampton, Va., to fill larvae, white grubs, during some years the lives at Silver Spring. Md. post was announced in September destroy crops and trees in this country by Secretary of Agriculture Ezra Taft worth millions of dollars. The different Benson. species—of which there are some 130 Cotton economies The position puts Negro are distinguishable only by minute physi- new Exten- sion leadership in the Department in cal differences. Entomologists need to WEED CONTROL in cotton brought out Washington and is a first step, says know what species are involved in order stimulating herbicidal talk at the 1953 Ex- tension Director C. M. Ferguson, in to forewarn farmers of their probable Southern Weed Conference at New a long range program of further develop- appearance and to advise necessary con- Orleans, La. Taking part were scientists ing and strengthening trol measures. from the Department, agricultural col- farm and home demonstration work with Negro farm About 1935, J. G. Pratt, photographer leges and experiment stations of the families and 4-H youths. with BEPQ from 1912 to 1943, noted that Cotton States, commercial cotton-breed- Mr. Mitchell, who began work for technical publications on May beetles ing concerns, and, of course, individual the Extension Service 36 years usually were illustrated by line drawings cotton growers. ago as an emergency farm agent in of the terminal portions of the abdomen, Commenting on weeds as a source of two North Carolina counties, assumed which marked the differences between quality-lowering trash in cotton, espe- his new duties here on September 15. is the species. For 50 years, he was as- cially since mechanical harvesting has He an Extension career employee, sured, entomologists had been trying to has increased. Dr. Roy L. Lovvorn said who has worked his make suitable photographs of these parts, farmers could make the most of chemical way up through the ranks since 1917. served as but because the portions of the abdomen herbicides such as dinitro compounds, 3- He emergency agent, county agent, needed for diagnostic purposes are mi- chloro IPC, CMU for pre-emergence and district agent, and State leader of Negro work in North croscopic in size and of dark brown chitin, aromatic oils for post-emergence use if Carolina. From the latter post, he joined the task was considered nearly impos- they would recognize it as a precision the Federal staff in 1943 as a sible. Pratt decided to prove the job job because of the danger that herbicides field agent, succeeding the late John B. Pierce. could be done. After 2 months of pa- may damage cotton. "Last year," said received tient trial and error, working on Sun- Lovvorn, "at least 300,000 acres of cotton He a number of awards for his work as an agent and as a supervisor. days, in spare time, and after hours, he was weeded with herbicides, mostly in Last year the Department presented found that thinned-down cream-colored the Mississippi Delta." him a superior service award "for his contri- oil paint when applied to the tiny seg- O. B. Wooten, Jr., agricultural engineer bution to the development of effective ments turned them from dark brown to at the Delta Branch Experiment Station, and practical Extension work with Negro a brilliant cream, without clogging the Stoneville, Miss., appearing on a Cotton farm families." characters, and made them "as easy to Council broadcast with Dr. Lovvorn, said Mr. Mitchell was born in Morehead photograph as a house." that in order to make possible effective City, N. C, and is a graduate of Agricul- Then came the second drawback. A application of herbicides by machines the tural and Technical College, Greensboro, microscope gives little depth of focus, so farmer must do his part from prepara- N. C. Also, he holds a master's degree that a photograph taken through it at tion of a good seedbed free of lumps to from Central University, Indianapolis, the required magnification would not having the machine in good running Ind., and an honorary doctorate from register the detail needed for Livingstone College, accurate order. Salisbury, N. C. The identification. Pratt spent another 6 national extension leader is married and A cotton seed grower from South months completely rebuilding a micro- has six grown children. Carolina reported some on-the-farm scope so that he could photograph speci- results of tests on a 25-acre plot showing mens without distortion. He then A word from Burch a striking difference between a thor- Writing invented a device to aline specimens to the Office of Information in oughly mechanized job including chem- April, Dallas Burch, former information quickly before the microscope lens in any officer for the Bureau of Animal icals, flame cultivation, mechanical Industry, desired position, as the terminal portion says: "The Department and the Extensicn pickers, and what he called a "partial Service are doing a lot of good in this Santa of the abdomen must be photographed mechanization basis." The cost for the Clara Valley, through publications and many from five different angles. The clear kinds of demonstrations. Your press mate- former was 24 cents a pound and for the rial receives a good play in newspapers nere." photographs he thus made of May beetles latter 33 cents—"a net saving of $40 Mr. Burch is at 900 Covington Road, Los appear in USDA Technical Bulletin 1060. Altos. Calif. an acre." May Beetles of the United States and Canada, by Philip Luginbill, Sr., and Yearbook for 1953 New top assignments Henry R. Painter, issued March 1953. "Plant Diseases" is the title of the USDA With the resignation of Romeo E. Short, 1953 Yearbook of Agriculture. The 147 Pratt also invented a new kind of illu- his place as Assistant Secretary of Agricul- articles it contains in its 992 pages were mination for translucent microscopic ture in charge of the Foreign Agricultural written by specialists in the Department, the Service goes to Assistant Secretary John H. Stute agricultural experiment stations, and forms such as mosquito larvae that made Davis, while the post as director of Com- universities. It is produced as a Congres- it possible to photograph them as living modity Marketing and Adjustment is now sional document. Its main distribution is held by Howard H. Gordon, who becomes by members of the Senate and the House. animals. Previously, such objects could President of the CCC. Mr. Gordon con- Copies are also for sale at $2.50 by the Super- not be photographed because reflected tinues as PMA Administrator. These changes intendent of Documents. Government Print- were announced by Secretary Benson on ing Office. The Department has no copies light made little impression of the trans- September 28. for sale or general distribution.

USDA: October 7, 1953 Better co-op periodicals Unity in research reminders Readers' Where to go for news, what to tell readers and how to tell it, making reading easy, and REGIONAL RESEARCH undertaken by Does this break the law? which form of duplication to use are among the brief hints given to persons in charge of two or more State agricultural experi- circular issued A 65-page processed was membership periodicals in Farm Credit Ad- is directly early this the Solicitor's Office that ment stations aimed at solving year by ministration's Miscellaneous Report 174, problems that concern gives in convenient form the provisions of Making Your Membership Publication Do broad common employees others Federal laws affecting and the Job. Originally prepared several years the farmers in the States involved. Sec- in connection with programs administered by ago, this latest issue was revised and partly USDA. statutes referred to in the text tion 9 of the Bankhead-Jones Act author- The rewritten by W. Gifford Hoag and Marie are published in full as an appendix. USDA izes allotments of Federal funds for that Puhr, FCA's Information and Extension editor has no copies for you. Service. specific purpose. In working out the Fiber facts procedures for such regional studies, the Photographic sales directors of the State agricultural experi- More than 400 million pounds of natural Uniform policies and procedures relating to fibers and about 1 million pounds of synthetic Department sales of photographic and mosaic ment stations and the Office of Experi- fibers were used in making cordage products reproductions, except library materials, are in ment Stations in USDA have developed in 1951. The leading fibers thus used are charge of a special working committee, with sisalana, cotton, and abaca. More than 4 a regular pattern for planning and oper- S. L. Gardiner of Plant and Operations as pounds in every 10 pounds of fibers go into chairman. Other members are R. H. Moyer, ating so as to make the most effective farm ropes. A marketing act study directed PMA; G. J. Leahy, SCS; J. R. McDermott, FS; Rita Hausknecht and Ben L. Owens, BAE, use of the funds supplied by Congress. by D. F. Myers, B&F; G. C. Pace, Extension; R. R. has been published, entitled "Fibers." While Shaw, Library; and Gladwin Young, Office of Regional research funds provided in they last, copies are available from BAE's the Secretary. the Bankhead-Jones Act may be used Information Division. only for cooperative regional projects Ips beetles that have been recommended by a com- Brief and choice U. S. Forest Service reports that infesta- mittee of nine persons named by and tions by ips beetles exacts a heavy toll on pine Carpenter Mainland representing the directors of the State timber, being most severe in northern Flor- — ida and southern Georgia. In 1951 it was Mrs. Rowena S. Carpenter, home economist stations. agricultural experiment Such estimated that 126 million board feet of pine in the Poultry Branch of the Production and projects must also be submitted to and were killed by ips beetles in the Southern Marketing Administration, was married to Region of FS. Further control studies to Leslie J. Mainland of Rock Island, 111., on approved by the Secretary of Agriculture combat the pest are under way. August 21 at Jefferson City, Mo. Mr. and or his authorized agents. Mrs. Mainland will be at home at 243 North Highland Street, Arlington, Va. Any travel expense incurred by the Southern chick hatcheries working committee of nine may be paid Issued as the 34th in the series of southern Renaud to radio and TV cooperative bulletins, Commercial Hatchery out of the regional research funds. Not Jules has been with Soil Production in Six Southern States represents Renaud, who Conservation Service for 15 years, has joined less than 20 percent of these funds may cooperative studies done under the Agricul- USDA's radio television service. Before tural Research and Marketing Act and with and be used for conducting marketing re- taking an information some individual State funds. Readers out- assignment in the regional SCS office at Albuquerque, N. Mex., search. No needless duplication is al- side of the six Southern States involved may, Mr. Renaud worked as a forester and district in research, and instead of asking their own State colleges for lowed to ocur regional conservationist in Utah, Mexico, copies, obtain them from the Agricultural New and the Secre- Colorado. written agreements between Experiment Station, Alabama Polytechnic tary of Agriculture and the cooperating Institute, Auburn, Ala. Lovvorn leaves agencies are required by law. Research Free for the asking Roy L. Lovvorn, who has been head of the agencies of the Department participate Division of Weed Investigations at the Plant extensively in this cooperative research Soil Conservation Service has a few hun- Industry Station for a few years has resigned. dred spare copies left of two circulars. One Dr. Lovvorn will be director of instruction program. is by Frank Edminster, regional biologist, for North Carolina State College, Raleigh, For readers who are intensely inter- Blacksburg, Va., and Richard May, soil con- N. C. servationist, Upper Darby, Pa. It is Shrub ested in all details that make up the Plantings for Soil Conservation and Wildlife Book mail rate for visuals operating pattern established to govern Cover. The other one is Stubble Mulch Farming on Wheatlands of the Southern Under new legislation, films and similar these regional research projects, there is High Plains, by Wendell Johnson, SCS con- visual materials for educational use can now a newly revised manual of procedures servationist. Call or write the Information be sent through the United States mails at the regular book rate. Colleges and univer- now available. Write to Office of Ex- Division of SCS at Washington, D. C. sities are among the agencies on the eligible periment Stations, Agricultural Research list to use the Principles, book rate for visual materials. wisdom, hope Local postmasters Administration, U. S. Department of have all the information "The present farm programs do not help you will need on this matter. Agriculture. the farmer earn too much income. He earns too little. Neither do I believe that the pres- Plant Industry librarian ent programs give our farmers too much Death of Dr. Moskey Employees of the Agricultural Research security. They give him too little." We Center now use the branch library located Dr. Henry E. Moskey. 61, veterinary medical quote that from an address by Secretary Ben- on the third floor of the Administration director of the Pood and Drug Administration, son before the Darlington County Agricul- Building at the Plant Industry Station, died 24. native of Society, Mineral Springs, S. C. Copies August He was a Maryland tural Beltsville, Md. Miss Signe Rhu Ottersen, had a V. N. degree from the University Editor by asking for and D. may be had from USDA formerly with the USDA branch library in of Pennsylvania. He entered Federal service No. 2131. San Francisco, is in charge. She received as a messenger in the Bureau of Animal her first library training in her native State Industry in 1911 and up to 1927 he served as Dividing lunch funds of Wisconsin. a veterinarian in the Bureau, specializing in the eradication of livestock diseases in Texas More than 80 percent of the $83,365,000 Fair and California. Dr. C. W. Crawford, Commis- provided for this year's national school lunch exhibits sioner of Food and Drugs, paid a memorial program has been apportioned among the 48 Emphasis in the USDA Exhibits Service of tribute to the excellent service Dr. Moskey States, the District of Columbia, and 5 the Office of Information this year will be rendered, especially in court trials of worth- territories and possessions of the United placed upon working with Land-Grant Col- less nostrums offered to the public in the States. Guam gets its share this year for the leges in preparing localized exhibits. With treatment of livestock diseases. first time. The money is allocated to the limited funds available this year, the pro- States on a matching basis of $1.50 for every gram of sending out large fair displays has $1 if the State income equals and exceeds been discontinued for the present. Instead GOOD FIELD ITEMS ALWAYS United States per capita income. The list of of fairs and expositions, the activity will allocations mav be had by asking USDA center upon suggestions and aids for State WELCOME Editor for No. 2612. extension educational materials.

3 USDA: October 7, 1953 Goat brucellosis has recently occurred. They were 2 percent lower in July than in March and 4 percent Plant food expansion State livestock sanitary officials send re- lower than a year ago. ports on the testing of goats for brucellosis EXPANDED CAPACITY for fertilizer to the Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Eradica- Expanded research, education tion Division. Bureau of Animal Industry. In production was called for 2 years ago fiscal year 1953 the assembled State reports Agriculture "Strengthening American and details of this program were assigned showed 2.481 herds with 17,256 goats tested through Research and Education" is the title for brucellosis. Only 17 reactors were found of a statement released in August by the to the Office of Materials and Facilities, and £9 suspected animals. This 0.1 percent Office of the Secretary. It suggests wide Production and Marketing Administra- infection of reactors in goats compares with consideration for a vigorous program of ap- 2.2 percent for swine and something under plied research in the Department and the tion. The goal set for this expanded 3.4 percent for cattle. land-grant colleges, matched by an enlarged capacity by 1955 called for the production extension to provide expanding farm program of 2,185,000 tons of nitrogen (N), 3,550,- Ohio woman aids McLeaish advisory services in each county to work directly on individual farm problems. Opin- 000 tons of available phosphoric oxide R. B. McLeaish, Administrator of the Farm- ion of all segments of the industry and allied ers Home Administration, has appointed Mrs. (PiOs), and 2,185,000 tons of potash forces regarding such a plan are being Lottie Randolph, Columbus, Ohio, to be one of received. (K.O). his assistants. Mrs. Randolph has had broad It is reported 1953, experience in agricultural and public affairs. that by June the She was assistant director of agriculture for Stage goes abroad capacity of new nitrogen facilities which Ohio at two separate times. She was secre- Harry H. Stage. Bureau of Entomology and was completed in 1951 and 1952 and tary of the Central States Division of Market- Plant Quarantine, represented the Depart- ing Officials, and for 25 years has been a scheduled for completion in 1953 repre- ment as a delegate to the Fifth International leader of group discussions for the Ohio State Congress on Tropical Medicine and Malaria sented about 50 percent of the planned Agricultural Extension Service. at Istanbul, Turkey, early in September. He expansion goal. The phosphate expan- addressed the assembly on modern insecti- Agricultural meteorologist cides for controlling arthropods that trans- sion project was behind schedule in June James N. Beall has been appointed agricul- mit tropical diseases. The best way yet 1953. Construction of additional facili- known for controlling malaria is to spray tural meteorologist, the first one to hold this ties in various stages of completion had position since 1940, when the Weather Bu- interior building surfaces with DDT and other reau left the Department. Greater practical residual insecticides, to give months of con- reached about 50 percent of the desired trol of the malaria mosquito. This method service to the Department and farmers is expansion, while the potash expansion planned by the Weather Bureau. Mr. Beall now used widelv around the world was de- goal calling for added capacity of 600,000 is a graduate of the Idaho College of Agricul- vised by the BEPQ laboratory group at ture and the Massachusetts Institute of Orlando, Fla„ in 1943. annual tons of potash by 1955 had been Technology. fully attained at the end of last June. Foreign service buying Sugarcane pilot plant Along with this assignment, OMF gave Department of State has made arrange- basic assistance to industrial representa- A small scale pilot plant for the continuous ments to have the American Foreign Service processing of sugarcane juice affords an excel- Association take over the job of assisting tives with respect to several plant projects lent means of carrying out experiments that members of the United States foreign service in the numerous fertilizer expansion would be too costly and impractical on full in making personal purchase abroad in the factory scale. Such a plant was designed in line of automobiles, household equipment movements. While the controlled mate- consultation with the Department of Chemi- and other items needed at their posts. The rials order was in effect, OMF workers cal Engineering of Louisiana State University, budget situation forced the closing of the fertilizer in and installed by the Bureau of Agricultural regular commissary unit, which had for years rendered direct aid to firms and Industrial Chemistry at the Audubon furnished catalogs, price lists, and discount obtaining sufficient steel and other mate- sugar factory. It has given good results dur- offers to all employees at foreign posts. Gov- rials and in the solution of current trans- ing the past three grinding seasons. ernment mailing services are no longer avail- able for catalogs, and they must hereafter portation problems. Charley Potter retires be sent direct by the companies to the foreign posts. The Cooperative Extension Service lost an- other veteran worker in the retirement of Cottonseed cleaner-mixer Charles E. Potter, field agent for the North- Major pesticides used As cottonseed samples are now mixed and east. He had 37 years of active service, start- four chemical pesticides in 11 hand-cleaned in separate operations, a ma- ing out as county agent for 4-H club work in Only major materials greater avail- chine which would do both in one operation two areas of Monogalia County, W. Va., in commonly used had ability for use during the past crop year end- would save time and cost. A patent for a 1915. Mr. Potter was also Montana State cleaner-mixer has been applied ing September 30, 1952, than during 1950 and paddle-type Club leader from 1917 through 1935. He for 1951. authorities list the pesticides by the USDA Cotton Laboratory, Stone- was Federal leader of 4-H clubs in the North- PMA with greater volume of use as follows: Ben- ville, Miss. eastern States until 1938. He was a second hexachloride, 92.224,000 pounds; 2,4-D, lieutenant in the Field Artillery in World zine acid basis. 25,298.000 pounds; DDT, 70,074,000 Tomato color studies War I. He taught extension supervision at pounds; and 2,4 5-T, 2,937,000 pounds. Re- various times in the field and wrote many Research in the field on the objective meas- disappearance is reported for last year's pamphlets relating to 4-H club work and duced urement of tomato color at canning plants is extension. crop season for calcium arsenate, lead arse- being conducted by Donald E. Wilson, Re- nate, copper sulfate, parathion, pyrethrum search and Statistics Division, Fruit and flowers, rotenone-bearing roots, and ground Big farms of West Vegetable Branch of PMA, and George B. sulfur. Dever, Fresh Products Standardization and In the Mountain Region of the country, Inspection Division. This fall the work has farms now average 1,284 acres, reports the Approved construction been done in western New York, previous to Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Back in which considerable study was carried out at 1920 the average size was 480 acres. The Construction projects which had to be ap- a processing plant in Wyoming, Delaware. acreage of land in farms has more than proved under existing law for agricultural doubled due largely to the purchase and and related industries by Office of Materials lease of government land by ranchers. These and Facilities, PMA. numbered 2,083 between farms of 1,000 or more acres account for 18 July 1951 and July 1953. The total value of OCTOBER 7, 1953, Vol. XII, No. 20 percent of the farms and 87 percent of the these approved projects amounted to over USDA is published fortnightly for dis- farm land. 559 million dollars. These include on-farm tribution to employees only, direction building projects numbering 1,255 with an by of ap- estimated total value of more than 25 million the Secretary o1 Agriculture ana with Farm buying proval of the Director of the Bureau of the dollars. Grain and food and fiber processing BAE's Current Developments in the Farm projects were next in numbers, but the value Budget (July 1, 1952). as containing admin- istrative Information required tor the oroper Real Estate Market reported that active farm- of the 687 food and fiber projects alone transaction of the public business. Retirees ers continue to be the buyers of 65 percent amounted to the most among all itemized who write the editor requesting it may con- of all categories on which approval was granted, farms changing hands, but that non- write instead or more than 454 million dollars. tinue to get USDA Please of farm investors make up a slightly higher phoning whenever possible; for rush orders proportion than usual, being 31 percent in call Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of recent months. A moderate decline in farm USDA, Office of Information, Department of real estate values for the country as a whole BUY U. S. SAVINGS BONDS Agriculture. Washington 25. D C

4 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1953 -; «»ei i v w

Right way to confer

BENCH MARKS for a successful work conference were issued last winter by George M. Beal and Ray E. Wakeley of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion, Ames, Iowa. It was issued as part of a special project to refresh the minds of folks who are entrusted with the map- ping out of arrangements for some of our frequent winter work conferences. A Good Work Conference is concerned with the problems of the participants; NOT the problems of the leaders. A Good Work Conference is one to which delegates come prepared with an Cordial relations oint of law understanding of the type of meeting which they are going to attend. WITHIN 10 working days after he took NEW LEAVE law says that lump sum A Good Work Conference selects a office, Secretary Ezra Taft Benson had payments are limited to 30 days, or the corps of assistants which act as a serv- started a get-acquainted hand-shaking amount carried over to the leave year in ice team to help conference groups reach project with the Washington area em- which an employee becomes separated, high productivity. ployees that lasted through 21 sessions whichever is greater. A Good Work Conference trains a agencies con- A question arises as to whether an em- with 19 bureaus and and corps of assistants before the conference ployee could be paid at all for leave cluded on September 2. Almost in- begins, to act as a service team to the earned in the leave year in which sepa- variably standing in the receiving line delegates (resource persons, integra- rated but not used by the last day of ac- — with Secretary Benson were Under Sec- tors, group observers, content recorders, tive duty. The Comptroller General retary True D. Morse, Assistant Secre- listening teams, and discussion leaders). has recently ruled that agencies can Good Conference takes the taries J. Earl Coke, John H. Davis, and grant terminal leave for such unused A Work time before it plunges into technical dis- Romeo E. Short, also Solicitor Karl Loos leave but they are not compelled to do cussion to review its purposes and major as well as Daken K. Broadhead, since so. In granting terminal leave the themes; how it will operate; and what resigned as Administrative Assistant to agency carries the employee on the rolls major decisions it will try to make. the Secretary. Supervisors and admin- beyond his last day of active duty for A Good Work Conference breaks down istrators of the respective employee the period necessary to cover the leave. into small groups which are continually groups were likewise present to do the An example will make clear the effect kept informed of what is going on in each honors. of the law and decisions of the Comp- group. Between 6,000 and 7,000 persons re- troller General. Assume an employee A Good Work Conference uses demo- ceived the "hand of fellowship" during carries over 60 days of annual leave to cratic group discussion leaders who are the entire series. Originally, Secretary the 1954 leave year. He earns 15 days concerned LESS with getting THEIR Benson had planned to greet the em- leave from January 3 to July 31, 1954. POINTS of VIEW across, and more with ployees at some central place in each His last day of active duty is July 31, bringing out into the open the points agency as they arrived for duty in the by which date he has used only 5 of the of view of the participants. morning. Through no fault of his, how- 15 days earned. His lump sum leave A Good Work Conference takes time it goes look itself ever, it did not work out that way, and payment may be for not more than 60 as along to at and to improve its own procedures of working hence the Secretary's receiving line days. However under the recent de- together. The group process observer fcrm-cd at about 8:30 a. m. and usually cision the agency may, at its discretion should play an important function in lasted until the work starting hour or and on his request, carry him on termi- this evaluation. beyond. nal leave to cover the other 10 days. A Good Work Conference is one in Also under a previous decision the which its final session commits itself IFYE'S returning agency may on his request carry him on publicly to carry back home the decisions terminal leave for the 60 days or give November 10 is the scheduled returning made at the conference. date for about 80 international Farm Youth him a lump sum payment whichever it Exchangees, who have been in Europe and the Middle East during the summer. They desires. fair will spend two days in Washington to dis- Roberts heads employment cuss their mutual experiences. Total over- Ralph S. Roberts, Administrative Assist- seas rPYE delegates number about 92. Fighting wheat rust ant Secretary, has been designated as the fair employment officer for the Department. According to USDA cereal authorities, not Fewer world conferences He will insure that there shall be no dis- a single commercial wheat now grown in crimination because of race, color, religion, Congress has appropriated a third the Western Hemisphere carries resistance less or national origin in handling recruitment funds for participation in international Race 15 B, one of the most virulent stem con- to or promotion. ferences for fiscal 1954 than for 1953, accord- rust races ever found in North America. To ing to notices issued by the Department of overcome this lack, cooperative studies are OPEDA observance State to various departments. Under Sec- being conducted from Canada to Argentina retary Morse has notified all USDA agencies to get sources of resistance located and try In 1954 the Organization of Professional that in line with this situation each agency to incorporate these resistant genes into Employees of the Department of Agriculture will be expected to confine personnel par- superior new varieties. Reports on wheat (OPEDA) will observe its twenty-fifth an- ticipation to those conferences that are es- performance when subjected to infection niversary. Fully two-thirds of the present sential to agriculture and to curtail the from Race 15 B are now being received from active membership work in field offices of the number of official delegates to a minimum. 31 locations around the globe. Department.

275118°—53 : :

Emphasizing the "service" goal of the New Reorganization Plan Announced reorganization, a number of agencies have been designated as "Services." A Secretary of Agriculture Ezra Taft mate goal is greater decentralization to number of Department agencies such as Benson announced October 13 a proposed bring the programs closer to farmers." the Forest Service already have this comprehensive reorganization of the Among major changes in the Depart- designation. U. S. Department of Agriculture de- ment's structure the reorganization The following are four signed for better service to farmers proposal would: the main groups provided for by the reorganiza- through placing operations of the De- Regroup the various research bureaus tion arid the agencies partment on a more business-like, in the present Agricultural Research which would be in each efficient and decentralized basis. Administration into an integrated Agri- FEDERAL-STATES The reorganization proposal is made cultural Research Service. RELATIONS: Agencies in this group would include: under authority of Reorganization Plan Establish an Agricultural Marketing Agricultural Research Service, Forest No. 2, enacted by the last session of Con- Service which will absorb a major part Service, Federal Extension Service, Soil gress. That plan calls for advance of the marketing, research and service Conservation Service, Agricultural Con- notice of intention to reorganize. The functions of the Production and Mar- servation Program Service, and Coop- proposal is scheduled to become effective keting Administration and many of the erative Service. after there has been opportunity for functions of the Bureau of Agricultural MARKETING AND FOREIGN AGRI- interested parties to comment on it. Economics. Agencies in this Suggestions should be submitted prior Establish a Commodity Stabilization CULTURE: group would be the Agricultural Marketing Service to November 1. The proposals have Service which will carry on adjustment and the Foreign Agricultural Service. been made after consultation with Con- and other functions formerly handled STABILIZATION gressional agricultural leaders, the Na- by the Production and Marketing Ad- AGRICULTURAL Agencies in this group would be Com- tional Agricultural Advisory Commission, ministration, such as acreage allotments modity Stabilization Service (including representatives of the Land Grant and marketing quotas, and carry on the administration of Commodity Credit Colleges, representatives of the Presi- price support operations of the Com- Corporation programs). Federal Crop dent's Committee on reorganization of modity Credit Corporation. Insurance Corporation, and community, the Government, farm organization Retain the present community, county, and State committees. leaders, and others. county, and State farmer committees The new Department organization to carry out the programs of the Com- FEDERAL-STATES RELATIONS puts all of the service agencies of the modity Stabilization Service and the Agricultural Research Service. It is Department under four main groups: Agricultural Conservation Program in — proposed that this Service conduct all of (1) Federal-States Relations; (2) Mar- the field. the production and utilization research keting and Foreign Agriculture; (3) Transfer the functions of the Produc- of the Department (except forestry re- Agricultural Stabilization; and (4) Agri- tion and Marketing Administration and search) and the inspection, disease and cultural Credit. The four groups, the the Bureau of Agricultural Economics pest control and eradication work closely present Administrative Services group to other services. associated with this research. The and the Solicitor will report administra- Strengthen State Soil Conservation Administrator of this Service would also tively to the Secretary. offices and eliminate Regional SCS be responsible for the coordination of all "This reorganization streamlines the offices. research of the Department. Department for better service to farm Other than the integration of the Under the proposal the research, in- families and for simplified internal or- former ARA research bureaus and the spection, disease and pest control work ganization," Secretary Benson said. transfer of functions of the Bureau of now in the bureaus of the Agricultural "The Department of Agriculture as Agricultural Economics and the Produc- Research Administration would be re- reorganized is designed to meet present tion and Marketing Administration, most organized and regrouped. The aim is day conditions, particularly in its em- of the other existing agencies of the De- to gather together the research and the phasis on marketing. We propose to partment retain their major functions, regulatory work from scattered locations continue and to use the community, although there have been numerous within the present Agricultural Research county, and State farmer committees changes in nomenclature and concentra- Administration and thus provide two which have administered many phases of tion of related but widely dispersed main activities with clear lines of au- conservation and price support programs. work. thority—the research work in one group These committees will be a part of the and the inspection and control work in Agricultural Stabilization group and In view of the fact that the Farm another. will have important responsibilities both Credit Administration will become an Related research activities would be in the agricultural conservation pro- independent agency on December 5, as moved from other agencies into this gram and in the various commodity pro- provided by legislation passed by the Service as follows: grams such as marketing quotas and last Congress, it is not affected by this (1) The farm management and land price supports. reorganization. use research from the Bureau of Agricul- "The reorganization has been decided The proposals do not reflect recom- tural Economics. upon after the most careful study. It mendations just received from the Agri- (2) The soil conservation research will be made effective without interrupt- cultural Information Advisory Commit- from the Soil Conservation Service. ing the vital services of the Department. tee concerning the information work of (3) Certain grass and range manage- It will give to the hard-working em- the Department. However, these rec- ment research from the Forest Service. ployees of the Department an oppor- ommendations will be considered in (4) Cotton ginning and processing tunity to make their work even more connection with the final plans for research from the Production and Mar- effective than it has been. Our ulti- reorganization. keting Administration.

USDA: October 21, 1953 (5) The administration of the Insec- research and related statistical and eco- All these functions and activities ticide Act and the poultry meat inspec- nomic research; marketing services, in- would be transferred from the Produc- tion work from the Production and Mar- cluding crop and livestock estimates, tion and Marketing Administration. keting Administration. market news, standardization, grading, Community, County and State Com- (6) Research development work from inspection and classification of farm mittees.—The Community, County and the Technical Collaboration Branch of products; and marketing and regulatory State Committees (the present PMA the Foreign Agricultural Service. acts, including marketing agreements Committees) through which the Com- Forest Service.—This Service would and orders. The Administrator of this modity Stabilization Service activities continue to be responsible for promoting Service would also be responsible for the and the Agricultural Conservation Pro- the conservation and best use of the coordination of all statistical work of gram are carried out in the field would Nation's forest resources. the Department. be placed in this group. The following activities would be The following activities would be Federal Crop Insurance Corporation transferred to this Service: transferred to this Service from other is not affected by this reorganization. (1) The management of publicly agencies: owned lands administered under Title (1) All research, analytical and sta- AGRICULTURAL CREDIT III of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant tistical work, including crop and live- Farmers Home Administration is not Act from the Soil Conservation Service. stock estimates, of the Bureau of Agri- affected by this reorganization. (2) The forest disease and pest re- cultural Economics, except the farm Rural Electrification Administration is search and control work from the Agri- management and land use research not affected by this reorganization. cultural Research Administration. transferred to the Agricultural Research Anyone desiring to express his views Soil Conservation Service.—The Soil Service. regarding this proposed reorganization Conservation Service would continue as (2) The off-farm handling, transpor- should communicate in writing with the the Department's technical service tation and storage research activities Secretary of Agriculture, Washington agency in the field of soil and water con- from the Agricultural Research Admin- 25, D. C, by November 1, 1953. servation and flood prevention. As such istration. it will aid in bringing about physical (3) The marketing research and mar- adjustments in land use and in use of keting services work from the Production Brief and choice water to conserve natural resources and and Marketing Administration. reduce the hazards of floods and sedi- (4) The administration of marketing No "poetry in soul" mentation. The State offices of the Soil and regulatory acts, including marketing Commenting on a stray reference to "straight furrows" to be followed in life's Conservation Service would be given agreements and orders from the Produc- endeavor appearing in our "Said on the greater responsibility for program for- tion and Marketing Administration. Side" section, an Area Conservationist at Auburn, N. Y., writes us: "Straight furrows mulation and execution by discontinuing (5) Work relating to food distribution, are a thing of the past; future harvests de- the Regional Offices and transferring the including the school lunch program, pend on level or contour furrows which hold functions principally to the State offices. administration of Section 32 of the Ag- soil and water on the land. The straight furrow is a quick way to starvation." Federal Extension Service.—The Fed- ricultural Adjustment Act of 1935, and (Thanks, but we did not intend to become eral Extension Service would continue food trade activities from the Produc- involved in mere mundane technicalities.) to have the leadership for all general tion and Marketing Administration. Garden speakers educational programs. This Service (6) The Commodity Exchange Au- The National Association of Gardeners held would act as the liaison between the De- thority which administers the Com- their 39th annual convention in Washing- ton, D. C, early in October. Among the partment and the Land-Grant Colleges' modity Exchange Act would be placed speakers were Dr. Henry Skinner, director Agricultural Extension Service. in this Service. of the National Arboretum, and Dr. Curtis May, pathologist with the Bureau of Plant All work of the Technical Collabora- Foreign Agricultural Service. This — Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering. tion Branch of the Foreign Agricultural Service would have primary responsibil- laboratory Service other than that relating to re- ity for matters pertaining to agricultural At Southern The Southern Regional Research Labora- search would be transferred to this trade and relationships with foreign tory at New Orleans was established by Con- —Service. areas. Certain functions relating to gress in 1938 as one of four regional develop new and extended Agricultural Conservation Program import controls under Section 22 of the laboratories to uses for farm crops. The laboratory and its Service.—Not affected by this reorgani- Agricultural Adjustment Act and im- field stations employ more than 300 per- representing about 75 colleges and zation, except for change in name. port control under the Defense Produc- sons, universities in about 30 States. Many re- Cooperative Research and Service tion Act would be transferred to this search fellows sponsored by foreign coun- have trained Division.—This Division, transferred Service. tries or by domestic industries at the laboratory during the past 10 years. from the Farm Credit Administration by fellows Public Law 202, 83d Congress, would be AGRICULTURAL STABILIZATION Six extension Six holders of fellowships are studying in placed in the Federal-States Relations Commodity Stabilization Service.— USDA, the University of Maryland, and Amer- group. The Division would carry on This Service would be responsible for ican University under grants to outstanding extension workers made by the National analysis and service activities with adjustment activities including acreage Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work farmer cooperatives. allotments and marketing quotas, the and Massey-Harris Co., Racine, Wis. Ex- tension Service has general supervision of stabilization of sugar production, price these young students who are: Eldora Keske, MARKETING AND FOREIGN support, foreign supply programs, com- Milwaukee, Wis.; Betty Pingley, 4r-K club agent, Upshur county, W. Va.; Ruth Ann modity disposal and administration of AGRICULTURE Seacord, associate county 4-H agent, Oneida the International Wheat Agreement. county, N. Y.; Harold Allen, assistant exten- Agricultural Marketing Service.—The Personnel and facilities of the Com- sion editor, Lincoln, Nebr.; Lynn Pesson, as- sociate county agent in St. Mary's Parish, marketing and distribution functions of modity Stabilization Service would be La.; Russell Smith, county club agent, the Department would be centralized in utilized in administration of Commodity Orange County, Vt. Their year of study is directed by Mary Collings, Division of this Service. This includes marketing Credit Corporation programs. Field Studies and Training.

USDA: October 21, 1953 —— —

About 40 percent of all commercial Wraith writers For Superior Work farms in the country are classified in the report as low-production units. The NO ONE who has worked long in any big PAY INCREASES for superior accom- range in value in 1949 of their salable public agency fails to sense the impor- plishment and Certificates of Merit were products was from $250 to $2,500 a year. tant role played with modesty behind recently awarded employees, as indicated In were included the stage scenery by that industrious below: the study no farms off the handy man, does the where the operator worked farm who "haunting and Bureau of Agricultural Economics: C. Kyle for 100 days or the nonfarm income was the hunting" for his superior officer Randall, Supervisory Analytical Statistician, Wasnuigton, D. C. greater than sales of farm commodities. otherwise known as the "ghost writer." Bureau Plant Industry, Soils and Agri- of The report covers almost all regions of His reserve stock of material objects may cultural Engineering : Walter E. Lansing, Ad- the country to extent, but is cen- comprise the dictionary, thesaurus, en- ministrative Assistant, Riverside, Calif. some Forest Service: Marguerite A. Israelson, tralized in 10 generalized low-production cyclopedia, books of golden gem quota- Clerk, Ogden, Utah. areas that contain only 35 percent of the tions, files of memos and a short-cut Production and Marketing Administration: Walter W. Hammel, Audit Clerk, Washing- regular commercial farms as such. or two to proper English usage. ton D C; Mrs. Helen H. Munro, Secretary. Production per worker there is only But this ammunition is merely the Washington, D. C; Lester O. Paskins, Ac- countant, Washington, D. C; Mrs. Mae about half as large as that obtained on work bench clutter, for upon his own Speckhart, Claims Examiner, Washington, the average for our regular commercial resources, energy and ingenuity and D. C. Soil Conservation Service: Jacques Aebli, farms. what he can pull from the brains and Administrative Assistant, Richmond, Va.; For these small low-power farms the experience of his associates depend his Elsie S. Cribb, Clerk-Stenographer, Spartan- use of modern machinery and equip- success as an ace producer of pronounce- burg, S. C; Gladys V. Donaldson, Clerk- Stenographer, Auburn, Ala.; Charles B. ment is often out of the question at ments on policy and programs. It is Russell, Administrative Assistant, Auburn, present. It is usually advisable, the re- not likely that one can rely upon some Ala.; J. Norman Stone, Administrative As- sistant, Spartanburg, S. C. port says, to enlarge the acreage, as well standard work on how to be a speech as to readjust and reorganize the man- writer for somebody else, because the agement systems. To raise the yield speeches and the somebodies vary so Low-power farms from crops and livestock on these small- much. MAJOR AIM of a new Bureau of Agri- scale farms to that now common on Many a humble man assigned to ghost farms cultural Economics report is to develop medium and large commercial writing of speeches has left his unknown facts about production conditions and would still leave their output per family imprints on the path of progress. He facilities on small-sized family farms worker far below par. it was who invented some new catch which will help to promote more produc- As a challenge to a better way of life phrase, some attractive slogan, or pe- tive uses of labor and other resources in and greater opportunity in rural areas, culiarly timely anecdote with which an their localities. The authors Jackson this report should help to guide leaders ordinary routine speech has been lifted — V. McElveen and Kenneth L. Bachman to whom it poses a problem that we can- from rubbish into renown. He it was believe that better use of the resources not afford to ignore. the diligent and unseen scribe—who on these low-production commercial gathered a few words of direction from farms would add to the total national Madsen succeeds Black the Chief and threaded and embroid- output and improve the efficiency and Dr. Louis L. Madsen, past president of the ered them into a veritable verbal tapes- Utah Agricultural College, has been ap- returns of agriculture in general. See try, ripe with brilliant color and rich pointed head of the beef feeding, breeding Agricultural Information Bulletin No. and management activities in the Bureau of with happy references. Animal Industry, Agricultural Research Cen- 108. Writing for another person to de- ter, Beltsville, Md. No one solution can be made to fit all liver has a technique all its own. It is programs soon these smaller farms or all such farms in Outlook harder to survive and explain a gross The thirty-first annual USDA Outlook any single area, it is stated. More inten- error reaching the public through the Conference is scheduled for October 26-30. sive systems of farming may suit some Press, radio, and chart books will be used voice of another than for a writer to to spread the messages and conclusions made others find misinform readers himself in a printed of them, while may a way to by speakers in this important economic con-_ ference. The chart books from the Bureau article. Yet on the other side, many enlarge their farms. Still others may do of Agricultural Economics will be sent to ex- a ghost writer has saved the neck of an better by turning their farms into part- tension directors and editors and agricul- administrator by correcting or prevent- time enterprises and then take jobs on tural economists, to each county agent, to Stale agricultural, home economics, and ing awkward or ill-timed statements. other nearby farms or local industries. 4-H club leaders, and to certain specialists agriculture Like the fashion stylist, the expert Some may even find it best to quit farm- in and home economics. State distribution of the Foreign Agricultural ghost writer takes a plain, stiff dummy ing and go to work elsewhere. Service chart books will be limited to a outline and clothes it with the silk of Families on these low-production smaller list. The chart book on family liv- ing will not be issued this year by the Bureau sentiment, the ribbons of rhetoric, and farms comprise half of all the agricul- of Human Nutrition and Home Economics. the accessories of action which lift it tural manpower on our commercial from the backroom workshop to the farms. Yet they have less than a fifth OCTOBER 21, 1953, Vol. XII, No. 21 show-window of public relations. of the total land resources and produce USDA is published fortnightly for dis- about one-tenth of all the farm com- tribution to employees only, by direction of the Secretary ol Agriculture, ana witn ap- N. M. field day modities sold. Greater efficiency in use proval of the Director of the Bureau of the The thirteenth annual ranch day observ- of both labor and capital available to Budget (July 1, 1952). as containing admin- ance program at Las Cruces, N. Mex., was istrative information required for the proper is needed, but secure sent in by V. L. Harper, Assistant Chief of them how to that transaction of the public business. Retirees the Forest Service. The motor caravan for result is not easy to define in exact terms who write tne editor requesting it may con- touiing the observation points at the New tinue to get USDA Please write instead of Mexico A&M College and the Southwestern owing to their diverse types of farming phoning whenever possible; for rush orders Forest and Range Experiment Station was and the varying economic situations in call Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of scheduled to leave Dona Ana county court USDA, Office of Information, Department of localities, it is house early in the forenoon of October 12. their explained. Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1953 '

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THE EDITOR of the employee news bulletin desires to know what the regular readers think of USDA. An occasional checkup on the reader-interest angle 1 „.„ of a publication is important for good 2 management. It is true that from time to time friendly 3 readers have expressed themselves voluntarily in the course of 4 FOR NOVEMBER 4, 1953 correspondence with the editor, but the present need is to develop a more sub- stantial and positive review of the ^^^^^^!^M^^^^^^^^MM^>^^M^yM»W^yyN^M>iM^M^^^M attitude of employees toward this pub- lication. couragement In the control of decay The function of USDA has largely been Antibiotics again organisms on green vegetables, the use of to furnish a medium for a broad ap- antibiotics in treatment of food sub- proach to the achievements of the em- EVIDENCE THAT an applied antibiotic stances has not yet received the "all ployees in bureaus and agencies, also moves through plants and will control clear" sign from the Pood and Drug serving to acquaint each employee with- bacterial diseases has been described by Administration. in an office with the scope and variety scientists of the Bureau of Plant Indus- of programs and services which make try, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering. up the almost worldwide institution that What is probably the first report of an the Department of Agriculture has be- effective antibiotic used as a bactericide Research score: 1 to 1,333 come. Is it fulfilling that function? on field-grown plants was recently given By filling in the forms printed on the by Dr. W. J. Zaumeyer before the Amer- SOYBEAN RESEARCH offers a good extra attached perforated page, we hope ican Chemical Society. The effective- example, among countless others, where readers will express themselves pro or ness of streptomycin sulfate was com- State and Federal scientific research has con as to the merit of USDA. trust pared with several commonly used paid astonishing returns for the funds We that every employee will take this oppor- fungicides for the control of halo blight, invested by governmental bodies. Mem- tunity to help folks in the Washington a virulent and important bacterial dis- bers of the National Soybean Crop Im- offices to more clearly and definitely ease of beans in some growing areas. provement Council point out some of ascertain the opinion of those who read The stroptomycin spray was found to these fantastic returns. regularly. If you care to elabo- be much more effective than the fungi- To date, they say, all the money spent USDA rate with any suggestions in a letter, sides. When bean leaves were inocu- by the States and Federal Governments^ * we'll read heed. lated with halo blight 10 minutes after on soybean research is well under $5,00^,- and the antibiotic was applied to the stems, 000—of which possibly $3,000,000 h|is r no blight occurred. An infinitesimal been used for variety improvement. amount (as little as 1/300,000 of an They mention the 12 varieties release^ Accident report forms

* ', » . r , ounce ) of streptomycin on the stem of a for the various regional growing areas\ Standard forms for. reporting employee ac- plant was enough to protect it from halo whose yields will be advanced by 8 to 10* cidents and for 'processing indemnity claims under Federal Tort .Claims Act have been blight. The antibiotic moves upward bushels an acre with oil content up from I the Revised. Several Jaa^rovements and revisions through the plants, but there was no 1 to 2 pounds per bushel. Counting 10- i have been Inserted. Agencies are advised

' s^to of these evidence that it moves downward or out cent oil price and just the support price obtain adequate supplies amended forms through requisition on the Central into the bean pods sufficient to give them for soybeans, they claim these new varie- Supply Section. All old forms should be immunity from infection. Dr. Zaumeyer ties return $400,000,000 each year on an destroyed and the new ones substituted. thinks that in commercial fields which all-time investment of $3,000,000. This, Science seekers are slightly infected with halo blight the it is pointed out, figures to a ratio of A daily average of 92 farmers, technicians, disease could be checked with one or two 133 to 1. foreign scientists and others interested in re- sprayings of streptomycin of very low Besides this, the annual expenditures search visited the Agricultural Research Cen- ter at Beltsville during the 1953 fiscal year. concentration and moderate cost. for soybean research is under $300,000 The record shows that there were 11,416 The good effects of several antibiotics with the yearly return at least $400,000,- visitors during the year which is an increase in extending the keeping life of packed of approximately 14.5 percent over the pre- 000. In this case the investment of $1 vious year showing that interest in research spinach are reported by Wilson L. Smith, yields $1,333. Where but in research, is increasing among people interested in agri- Jr., PISAE. Spinach is subject to rapid culture. Among these visitors there were can money be invested with such returns 2,872 from foreign countries who came to decay known as soft rot when packed as this? find out about research and for technical and stored at room temperatures. Re- assistance. This was an Increase of nearly frigeration merely delays the appearance 24 percent over the previous year. These visitors to the Center, on an aver- of soft rot. In Beltsville tests Dr. Smith Gapen in Australia age, made visits to two different bureaus of sprayed spinach with a water solution of research as shown by 22,944 visits to all the Kenneth Gapen, head of the Radio and bureaus at the Center. Those living in the various antibiotics right after packaging Television Service In the Office of Informa- United States made 17,254 visits and those in commercial type plastic bags. The tion, Is In Australia on an assignment with from other countries made 5,690 visits to the the Australian Broadcasting Commission. different bureaus. In other words the rec- streptomycin was found to be the most At the request of the Australian Govern- ord for visitors at Beltsville shows that there effective of these agents in reducing ment, Mr. Gapen is advising on agricultural were an average of 24 visits by foreign tech- radio programming and doing some agricul- nicians and 68 visits by U. S. peoples for every decay. Although this affords new en- tural extension work for 6-week period. work day of the year. 276961 •—58 — —

ers. He is preparing as this is written 1934, through last June 30, a drop in Tonkin talking for a still larger airways effort this year. percentages of reactors was recorded In view fully EXTENSION SERVICE has an educa- of the fact that 70 weekly 11.5 percent in 1934 and 3.4 percent last TV shows are locally staged by State year. Naturally considerable variation tional striking force that is strictly air- Extension personnel at present, the field between different States exists in this borne. His name is Joseph D. Tonkin, is an expanding one for information. regard. During that period 118,455,549 radio and television specialist in the Di- Mr. Tonkin did his first work with cattle were blood tested in vision of Extension Information. He 10,201,098 USDA in radio market news service at herds. works in and out of USDA in the role Chicago whereupon he came to the De- Calves vaccinated total 17,065,090 since of teacher and active participant in the partment headquarters in 1944 for radio this preventive measure was authorized interest of improved technique for State work in the Office of Information. He officially for use in January 1941. and USDA agricultural and home eco- Since transferred to Extension Service in 1947. the milk ring test nomics information. was authorized a few His first radio work was done as radio years ago as a supplementary measure Coauthor with Alice F. Skelsey of the farm program director at Station WHP, to the regulation blood agglutination test, Office of Information of the New Agri- Harrisburg, Pa. Thence he went to it was applied to 21,631,065 cattle in culture Handbook No. 55, Television for WOWO at Fort Wayne, Ind., being asso- 1,174,290 herds, of which 311,876 or about You—a Handbook for Extension Agents ciated there with the late Tom Wheeler, 27 percent, were found to be positive. Mr. Tonkin's TV experience dates back who taught Mr. Tonkin how to broadcast A growing body of laws and regulations to 1944 at Station WBKB at Chicago, demonstrations in agricultural subjects for the sake of uniformity and efficiency where he experimented visually with at the experimental field days held at in handling livestock diseases help make agricultural and food subjects when that Purdue University. this gradual but significant progress pos- city had but a few hundred receiving He is a native of Clearfield County, sible, in the opinion of the authorities in sets. Pennsylvania, and graduated from charge of the work. That and the close In the teaching field, Mr. Tonkin has Washington and Jefferson College, did relation existing between certain live- conducted, in cooperation with State Ex- some newspaper reporting on weeklies, stock diseases and those of mankind has tension editors, 168 radio schools for and served as clerk at the American Em- resulted in much favorable action agricultural information in 40 States and bassy, Ottawa, Canada for a year. Joe being taken in most of the States and Puerto Rico since 1947; while since 1950 is widely known in Extension Service Territories. he took part in 30 TV workshops or staff circles as an effective teacher and one conferences held in 16 States. The av- Library worker retires not without a fund of robust humor to erage attendance at these schools has After more than 30 years' service with the mix with the routine craftmanship of been 20 to 25 persons. Library, Miss Charlotte Trolinger retired mass communications. from her position as cataloger reviser on television He has been radio and chair- September 30. A native of Virginia, Miss man for 6 years at the National 4-H Trolinger attended Goucher College and Pea- body Conservatory of Music. She received Club Congress at Chicago, and has taken Health on the hoof a certificate from the Library School of New part in supervising programs on the air- CLEANER HERDS have come slowly but York Public Library in 1919. The same year first with the ways at the National 4-H Club Camp in she accepted her position surely because of the emphasis placed Department Library and, except for a short Washington, D. C, as well as the Negro upon State-Federal sanitary cooperation. period in 1930-31, remained with the Library in various capacities until her retirement. 4-H club camps held at various Negro Brucellosis and Tuber- The Division of Miss Trolinger and her mother plan to reside land-grant colleges. Besides he has co- culosis Eradication in the Bureau of Ani- in Towson, Md. operated with Pennsylvania State exten- mal Industry has joined forces with Lewis S. "Jack" Evans dead sion specialists in reporting the famous Commissions of State Departments and Lewis S. Evans, 39, known to many by Perm State Farm Show at Harrisburg in Agriculture and their livestock sanitary his nickname "Jack." Agricultural Research Program Analyst in the Office of the Chief, recent years. officers over a period of about three dec- Bureau of Plant Industry, died on Septem- In doing the schools, Mr. Tonkin sep- ades to make this progress possible. ber 12 at the National Institute of Health, He was buried in Arlington arates the course into two parts. First Back in 1917-18 when cooperative Bethesda, Md. Cemetery on September 15. He is survived he handles the broad approach angle, eradication efforts began in earnest with by his widow and two young children. such as using simple and practical, cattle there were between 4 and 5 per- Evans obtained his B. S. degree in agronomy 1936; his M. S. timely and natural attitudes the "be at Kansas State College in — cent reactors found as the national aver- degree at the University of Nebraska in June, yourself" idea, talking informally to real age results from tuberculin testing. For 1938; and took additional graduate work at the University of Minnesota in 1941. His people, using names and places, and fiscal year 1953 the average was 0.11 first USDA appointment was that of junior showing enthusiasm and sincerity. In percent reactors out of 9,675,245 cattle agronomist, BPISAE, January 1, 1939. On 8, 1941, he was commissioned a the second part he stresses ways to pre- tested. September lieutenant colonel in the U S. Army, serving sent subject inter- matter and conduct Blood testing for brucellosis in coop- in the United States and Germany during views—in other words, the refinement of eration with the States in fiscal 1953 cov- World War II. He left the service on March 20, 1916, and rejoined BPISAE as associate techniques. He dresses up the ordinary ered 660,344 herds with 7,860,870 cattle, agronomist, Division of Cereal Crops. Going TV camera and calls it "Mabel." He with only 3.4 percent reaction found. to Jacksonville, Fla., he carried on research on the control of weeds in irrigation and teaches how to overcome stage fright and ring test applied to 670,532 The milk was drainage canals in cooperation with the U. S. to prevent stiff, awkward, and tiresome herds to determine if suspected individ- Army Engineers. In 1947 he was transferred Phoenix, Ariz., where he did similar re- presentations. uals were in the herds, resulting in to search in cooperation with the Reclamation Last Club year the 4-H Congress had 175,909 herds showing positive. Mean- Service. On December 1, 1947, he became a 40 TV shows, 28 network radio shows, while calfhood vaccination with Strain full agronomist stationed at Beltsville to assist in the planning and coordination of 100 local over radio programs and about 19 Brucella abortus vaccine (developed research on the control of noxious weeds. 600 tape recordings supervised or ar- by USDA) was given to 3,688,149 calves. In 1949 he became research program analyst in the Office of the Research Administrator, ranged for by Mr. Tonkin and the asso- In the entire systematic organized bru- and on December 23, 1951. was promoted to ciated Federal and State Extension work- cellosis eradiation period, from July 1, the position held at the time of his passing.

USDA: November 4, 1953 id on the side Soil security "Franks" cost money now

A NATIVE of our old valley recently ABOUT TWO -THIRDS of the farmers CONGRESS ENACTED and the Presi- returned to revisit the folks and scenes and ranchers of this country have more dent signed a new law to reimburse the of days gone by. Even the young do or less personal knowledge and experi- Post Office Department for the transmis- that sometimes. He told me later, after ence with conservation. But according sion of official Government mail matter. a vain search in all the byways of the to Dr. Robert M. Salter, Chief, Soil Con- It amends section 301 of the Penalty township that the person he most wanted servation Service, there still remains Mail Act of 1948 (62 Stat. 1048), by add- to find had gone away to distant climes. nearly 900 million acres of agricultural ing language which requires all Govern- He said that this was- the one he had land in farms and ranches in need of ment departments, agencies, and estab- relied upon most to bring him solace and basic soil conservation treatment. He lishments (including Congress and Gov- renewed enthusiasm. It seems that this also points out that in reality there are ernment corporations) to reimburse the departed person had shared all kinds of only about 460 million acres of farmland Post Office Department in amounts weather and experiences with our friend. that is suitable for growing cultivated equivalent to the amount of postage on This person's insight and awareness of crops continuously under present eco- their penalty mail. life had shown our friend the beauties nomic and technological conditions. It These amounts will be transferred to and the wonders of the world. Not, is felt that fully 46 million acres now the Post Office Department as postal rev- mark you, the vast world of geographers under cultivation should be converted to enue, out of any appropriations or funds and globe trotters or overseas specialists grass and trees as being the only way available to the departments, agencies, with TCA or FAO or whatnot. He meant they can be conserved for any productive and establishments concerned. These instead the smaller world around us here use whatever. To offset this it is stated amounts will be determined according to in the valley, with its customary seasonal that there are 95 million acres already regulations prescribed by the Postmaster glories that so many take for granted in grass and forests which are fairly well General, and accounted for by adjust- and so seldom see or love. He meant suited to crop production if sound con- ments based upon reports which the Post impressions gained along the forest trails servation measures are applied. This Office Department now receives. Similar and meadow meanderings, the sunrise two-way shift in the land-use pattern information relative to penalty mail is and the sunset, the sparkle of dew on has a major part in the program that already developed but there is no actual the foliage, trout leaping from the lake, lies ahead for farmers and soil conserva- transfer of funds involved, such as the the wings of the eagles above, the carpet tionists, it is believed. new law provides. of violets below, and the song of the There exists grave doubt, however, The new law does not in any way mocking bird in the sycamore. He said that we are going fast enough or thor- broaden or extend the existing authority that it always took someone to see and oughly enough with conservation prac- to use penalty mail. There is no change hear those pleasant and enduring things tices to meet the increasing needs caused in the classes of individuals entitled to clearly and then eagerly share them by increasing populations and soil de- the franking privilege. The objective is with others—or else there's not much pletion. Dr. Salter has said that now to credit the postal revenues with an percentage left in the sum of the day's only about one in every four farmers amount equal to postage at the regular enjoyment. Because he missed his by- gets direct help with conservation plan- rates for penalty and franked mail. This gone companion he tried to make up for ning. While we speed up the rate of action designed to reduce tho postal defi- it somehow by taking the same routes aid to farmers it is also necessary to cit is in accordance with recommenda- they took of old. To recapture more of develop well-rounded plans on a prac- tions of the Commission on Organiza- that which was lost he took a youngster tical and a scientific basis, in his opinion. tion of the Executive Branch of the Gov- of the valley by the hand and traveled Last year the conservation work per- ernment, the Postmaster General, the again those treasured trails, pointing out formed afforded soil protection and im- Bureau of the Budget, and many wit- familiar marvels as he went along. In provement on about 3 percent of the nesses at the hearings on postal rate thus reliving the things long remembered Nation's land still in need of further con- legislation. in places loved the most, he was able to servation treatment. This rate is twice A budget and finance memorandum give the child that precious light which what it was 5 years ago, but still it falls was distributed to the heads of all agen- previously he had received from another. short of satisfactory achievement. cies by Joseph C. Wheeler, USDA Finance Hence he finally found happiness to In thus urging faster conservation Director, with instructions for carrying share in our valley to last him the rest work, Dr. Salter pointed out that the out the terms of the required annual and of his days. lack of adequate soil survey maps could quarterly reports. A formula was in- easily become a bottleneck to an overall cluded for computing costs of first class planning effort. He believes that com- matter so as to eliminate the need of FHA farm record winners pletion of this national land inventory weighing each individual piece sent out. farm records is The practice of keeping Mr. Wheeler advised that the regulations being recognized as one of the good farm is vital to both farm conservation and activities. For example, the Cass County, watershed development. must be carefully studied, with addi- Iowa, Fair awarded blue ribbons to five farm tional instructions for reporting and pay- girls this year for their farm records includ- ing long-time records of 5 years or more, Foreign ag officers ing postage costs to follow. Each agency Agri- 1- and 2-year records, and 2-year personal Acting as a liaison agency, Foreign was asked to prepare and file estimates expense accounts. The ribbon winners are cultural Service of USDA is responsible for of the expected cost of penalty mail for the daughters of paid-up or present farm making recommendations to the State De- ownership loan borrowers of the Farmers partment in regard to appointments, changes fiscal years 1954 and 1955. Home Administration. Farm record keeping in assignments, and duties of agricultural as stressed by FHA is considered one of the officers in the U. S. Foreign Service. It is Dr. Ralph J. Garber of the Northeast reasons why families using the agency's explained that all professional employees Regional Pasture Research Laboratory at supervised credit have maintained such a after a minimum of one year of experience Pennsylvania State College, has returned to favorable net worth, farm inventory, and with FAS will be eligible for assignment his duties there. He spent a year with the repayment record. The parents are passing as agricultural officers with the Foreign Food and Agriculture Organization at Rome, the practice on down to the next generation. Service. Italy.

USDA: November 4, 1953 "Rudy" Allen retires Quick phosphorus test Brief and choice Rudolph S. Allen, an employee of the In- A faster and more practical laboratory test formation Division in the Bureau of Animal for phosphorus existing in both acid and al- "At home on the range" Industry, retired October 15 after 33 years kaline soils has been perfected by PISAE of service. In August 1920 he entered em- scientists working with associated research Some things don't deserve a "home on the ployment in the exhibits section of BAI and men at Colorado College, Fort Collins. range." On rangelands in the national for- A & M spent some time on the road with the dis- The test is made by extracting the phos- ests in charge of the U. S. Forest Reserve, it plays where he handled their erection and phorus from the soil sample by using a solu- was estimated that over 440,000 acres call for functioning. He brought to the Bureau the tion of sodium bicarbonate or ordinary bak- intensive efforts to control noxious weeds and experience of 20 years with the University ing soda. It was developed Dr. S. R. poisonous plants. These include wyethia, by Olsen, Dr. goatweed, yellowbrush, larkspur, sneezeweed, of Maryland, where he served as assistant in C. V. Cole, Frank Watanabe, and whorled milkweed, locoweed, and poison animal husbandry and had charge of swine Dr. L. A. Dean—the first three being sta- tioned hemlock. investigations. In later years Mr. Allen has at Fort Collins. been custodian of the photograph and visual OPEDAcode materials files for all sections of BAI. 100 years of entomology To give the public better information on Basic objectives and obligations of De- Warner fits them to go the vast insect problem of the country as partment employees are about to be set forth well as the contributions that the profession by ex- on membership cards in simplified form Foreign Agricultural Service has an has given to the health and welfare of the the Organization of Professional Employees panded orientation program to help Ameri- people, 100 years of professional entomology orig- agricultural of the Department of Agriculture. The cans who are headed for overseas will be observed in 1954. The first ento- inal code was written in 1949, setting up a posts under point 4. A competent staff has mologist was hired by the Federal Govern- career serv- high standard and insisting that been assigned to these duties, with Kenneth ment on June 14, 1854. At about the same be ice should be marked by integrity and Warner as its head. Mr. Warner was a meat time New York State employed its first L. A. free from partisan politics. Mahurin specialist with the Bureau of Animal Indus- entomologist. Hence the June 14, 1954, date is the present executive secretary. try and Extension Service previous to joining has been chosen for the observance under FAS a few years ago. widespread cooperation by many agencies Corn Belt agronomists of the State and Federal governments. L. C. Newell, Nebraska Agricultural Experi- Seed testers elect ment Station, has sent in notice of the sum- Script man O'Crotty Belt branch of the Last May the International Seed Testing mer meeting of the Corn Coming to USDA's Motion Pictures Service This will Association met at Dublin, Ireland, to tackle American Society of Agronomy. direct from Hollywood, Peter O'Crotty takes College of several pressing technical matters of the occur June 14-16, 1954, at the over the desk formerly occupied by Boyd Nebr. Conferences, craft. The elected officers for the coming Agriculture, Lincoln, Wolff. He entered motion pictures work local tours will be featured. year are: H. A. Lafferty, Ireland, president; meetings, and through the newspaper route, and was for W. A. Davidson, Grain Branch of PMA, 1st some time a foreign correspondent. vice president; P. Wellington, United King- He Oklahoma library branch has written scripts for MGM, Warner and dom, 2d vice president; K. Sjelby, Denmark, others. He is a native Californian. Mrs. A. P. Juhlin is in charge of the South- secretary; and E. H. Toole, PISAE, member of west Branch of the USDA Library at Okla- executive committee. homa A & M College, Stillwater, Okla. It Junior forest rangers in Arkansas, serves all employees located Experimental seed storage Because children love to dress up and Texas, Louisiana, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. enact the part of heroic figures in the world The U. S. Plant Introduction Station at of nature and western life, Forest Service Ten 4-H "ships" Glenn Dale, Md., has erected a new seed people have led a movement for the en- storage facility. It will serve the needs of couragement of Smokey Bear as another such agent Dallas Rierson, extension county the northeastern State experiment stations idol of juvenile admiration. Probably we College, has leader with New Mexico A & M for experimental seed storage space. The shall soon see kiddies wearing the familiar relating to clubs. listed 10 "ships" 4-H Division headquarters is also using it. No outdoor costume of the "fire-preventin' "Your ships are showing," he remarks, mean- sealed containers are used because the tem- bear" while staunchly upholding the prin- fellowship, friend- ing citizenship, leadership, perature in the storage rooms is kept at ciples of woodland conservation at its best, partnership, salesman- ship, sportsmanship, 34° F. and relative humidity at 25-30 per- as Junior Forest Rangers. It will all be acquaintanceship, and ship, stewardship, cent. Meanwhile prior to its occupancy in conducted under the supervision of the workmanship. full, Dr. C. O. Erlanson, head of PE & I sponsors and carefully protected by license Division offers limited space to research from unwise exploitation, as provided by law. Soil survey revision workers of the Bureau. Seasonal seed stor- age is not Invited. Coming regional and national soil survey Ralph Swain murdered conferences will discuss the complete revision of the comprehensive system of soil classi- Handling foreigners While on a vacation trip in Mexico with fication. Dr. Charles E. Kellogg, Director of his wife and two children, Ralph Swain, en- the National Soil Survey, has written all co- Foreign Agricultural Service has had a tomologist for the point 4 program in Nica- operators and submitted a sample of the busy year aiding the large numbers of over- ragua was shot and killed by highway robbers revised scheme now contemplated and asked seas technicians visiting here. During 1953 on October 3. Mr. Swain was author of an them for critical suggestions thereon. "There fiscal year 2,102 foreign agricultural tech- article on page 350 of the 1952 Yearbook of may be some soils that will not fit anywhere nicians from 60 countries were programmed Agriculture. He took his degrees at Iowa in the system as it now stands and will sim- through study courses ranging from 2 weeks State, Colorado A & M College, and the Uni- ply drop down cracks. These need to be to a full year. All except 857 of these visitors versity of Colorado. He worked for the Bu- brought to light so that proper modifica- had all official arrangements made for them reau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine tions of present definitions can be made or by FAS, including travel and maintenance on projects for the control of Mormon cricket new units established," writes Dr. Kellogg. services. and the white-fringed beetle. He was chief Inspector at the Foreign Plant Quarantine Turkey figures Inspection House for the Port of New York, Davies aids CCC at Hoboken, N. J., until he began work for The Bureau of Agricultural Economics is Aled R. Davies of Valparaiso, Ind., Is the the TCA in 1951. expanding its turkey statistics program. At newly appointed consultant to Howard Gor- the request of the Turkey Industry Advisory don, president of the Commodity Credit Cor- Committee named by Secretary Benson, work poration. Mr. Davies is director of the live- is under way to set more timely and valu- XII, up stock department, American Meat Institute. NOVEMBER 4, 1953; Vol. No. 22 production marketing figures. able and in his work He will give special attention USDA is published fortnightly tor dis- with CCC to the promotion of perishable employees only, by direction school again open tribution to of Grad foods which are in extra abundant supply. the Secretary of Agriculture ana witn ap- USDA has sponsored its Graduate School proval of the Director of the Bureau of the for 32 years, making it available for after- Budget (July 1. 1952) as containing admin- Enough, such as it is hours classes, but without any regular ap- istrative information required for the oroper propriation. Since 1921, more than 100,000 Plenty of food tonnage Is produced in the transaction of the public business Retirees Federal employees have taken advantage of world, but two-thirds of the human family who write the editor requesting a may con- the offerings in its program—based on rec- have substandard diets. This is the con- tinue to get USDA Please write instead 01 ommendations made through employee com- clusion made in a special report by the Office phoning whenever possible, for rush orders mittees. Secretary Benson has asked all of Naval Research, and completed by the call Ext 2058 Elwood R Mclntyre, Editor of agencies to acquaint employees with this Medical Geography Department of the USDA Office of Information. Department of great opportunity. American Geographical Society. Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: I9SS V1 ^ SHARE THIS COPY Kill-pest chemicals AMERICAN FARMERS spend at the rate of about 300 million dollars a year for insecticides, or about 1 percent of the gross farm income. They buy 60,000 to 100,000 power machines each year to apply them and other pesticides, says The Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Pesticides are those agri- cultural chemicals which are used to FOR NOVEMBER 18, 1953 kill insects, fungus diseases, weeds, and rats. Sometimes other materials such as crop defoliants and hormone fruit The report states that the net gain in sprays are regarded in the same general Farm balance sheet purchasing power of farmers' liquid class. financial assets was about 4 percent The chemicals industry presents an THE NINTH successive January 1 bal- since to January 1, 1953, the annual review of the pesticides situation. ance sheet of agriculture has been issued for 1952, up prices of things that farmers buy Largely responsible for this report is by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, some lower. For the first quarter of 1953, Harold H. Shepard, Mobilization and bringing forward to 1953 the compari- were it is stated, prices farmers received were Activities Branch, Production and Mar- sons of the financial situation of U. S. about 10 percent less than a year earlier, keting Administration. He entered agriculture as though it were one large per- USDA employment in 1946 to take enterprise. and prices paid were down about 2 cent. It is finally estimated that the charge of the insecticide testing labora- In general, falling prices caused the 1953 net farm income may decline some- tory at the Agricultural Research Center, assets of agriculture to decline in 1952, what because gross farm income will which also happened in 1949. The re- Beltsville, Md. He had previously been probably fall faster than will the usual port says that these were the only years in the Department of Entomology at the production expenses for farm operation in the entire 1940-53 period in which the University of Minnesota, and associate and maintenance. assets of the industry failed to increase. professor at Cornell University. The balance sheet in much detail is As of January 1, 1953, the estimated State specialists and private manu- published as Agriculture Information total assets of agriculture were 165 bil- facturing companies also play a big part Bulletin No. 115. Its contents were pre- lion dollars, or 2 percent less than for along with the Bureau of Entomology pared by Norman J. Wall, F. L. Garlock, January 1, 1952. The total liabilities and Plant Quarantine in the constant L. A. Jones, R. W. Bierman, W. H. Sco- were placed at 15.9 billions, testing only or 10 field, A. V. Nordquist, C. E. Burkhead, and measuring of the various new percent greater. Proprietors' equities J. J. Morgan, George D. Harrell, E. W. pesticides rapidly coming into use. In fell 3 percent to 149.5 billion dollars as of Grove, Margaret Cannon, all of BAE, connection with the challenge to main- last January. and Barbara Reagan, BHNHE. tain pesticide quality and reasonable ef- However, by comparison with the full fectiveness and safety, part of an period from 1940 through 1953, the 1953 editorial in the September 2 number of Courage and serenity assets of agriculture stand at 207 per- The Journal of Agricultural and Food cent, total liabilities at 59 percent plus, Here is a quotation used in the Chemistry is quoted herewith: and proprietors' equities fully preface of the USDA Supervisors' at 241 per- The organic pesticide industry is rela- cent. Actual comparison of 1953 with Guide: tively new. It took off from the discovery be, of the powers of DDT, which was sensational. indicates "Whatever your career may 1943 the greater monetary dif- The industry lives on toxic materials. It do not let yourselves become ference clearly—the assets of 10 years stands in the middle of the food production tainted by a deprecating and bar- chain with an interest on one hand in crop ago being only 75.8 billion dollars, liabil- production on the other in ren scepticism, do not let your- and the food ities about 10 billions, and proprietors' produced from those crops. Two sensitive selves be discouraged by the sad- objects are involved—the farmer's pocket- equities only 65.8 billion dollars. ness of certain hours which pass book and the human stomach. The pesticide Farm debts continued to increase in producer's sleep is plagued by the possibility over nations. Live in the serene that a slip in his work or carelessness in 1952, but at a slower rate. On the assets peace and quiet of laboratories and using his product may damage a crop or contaminate a food. side, demand bank deposits seem to have libraries. Say to yourselves first, He may be subject to a justifiable suit or gained by about 300 million dollars, or "What have I done for my instruc- he may fall victim to a legal opportunist. The public is highly sensitive to 10 percent. Currency and U. S. savings tion?" until the time comes when the use of "chemicals" in its food—in ignorance of bonds held by farmers each increased you may say, "What have I done the fact that man has eaten chemicals since time immemorial. about 100 million dollars, and their for my country?" Then you may A misstep may bring trouble which is real have the immense happiness of and retribution which equity in cooperative businesses gained is justified. But sensationalism in the news- thinking about 200 million. The report claims that you have contrib- papers can influence the public mood in such uted in some way to the progress a way as to seriously retard man's progress that the increase in redemption value of against pests, to say nothing of dealing an and the good of humanity. But unjust U. S. savings bonds owned by farmers blow to an industry. whether our efforts are, or not, In a conscientious effort to prevent mis- resulted entirely from accrual of inter- hap, the legislators take steps. * * * There favored life, by let us be able to are to be laws. est on the bonds, because farmers actual- bound new The public has say, when we come near the Great the right to protection. The pesticides in- ly cashed more bonds than they dustry can only hope for sound and proper bought Goal, "I have done what I could."— regulations which will not make new de- during the year. L. Pasteur. velopments prohibitively expensive. 278536°—53 "Futures" future For superior work Fresh and visible CONSUMER PACKAGES of fresh vege- AN OPINION often expressed that fu- PAY INCREASES for superior accom- tables should slow up the rate of water tures trading on the exchanges reached plishment and Certificates of Merit loss, preserve freshness and flavor, pro- its peak perhaps in the twenties and has were recently awarded employees, as in- vide visible attractiveness, prevent bruis- since been declining is not generally dicated below: ing, and handle easily without excessive true, according to an address by J. M. Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial cost. Many types of transparent films Mehl, Administrator of the Commodity Chemistry : Carl E. Bass, Clerk, Washington, D. C. for perishable food wrapping have been Exchange Authority, before the Chicago Farmers Home Administration: Harry C. developed lately, such as cellophane, Board of Trade in September. Vogt, County Supervisor, Columbia, Mis- souri. pliofilm, cellulose acetate, and polyethyl- Mehl said that most of this un- Mr. Forest Service: John R. Castles, Forester, ene bags. supported opinion stems from the fact Missoula, Montana: Charles H. McDonald, workers in cooperation with the that wheat and corn markets are smaller, Forester, Missoula. Montana; Chiqutta R. USDA Woods, Clerk-Typist, San Francisco, Cali- Western Growers Association in 1952 but that reduced volume in these grains fornia. completed prepackaging tests on 11 dif- is not representative of futures trading Production and Marketing Administration: George P. Henderson, Jr., Fiscal Accounting ferent vegetables in different certain which 27 in other commodities. While Clerk. Washington. D. C; Robert T. Meekins, package films were used. Four different economic changes like world trade bar- Property and Supply Clerk, Washington, D. films gave similar keeping quality for riers and the domestic loan programs C. each vegetable. They found that choice have been a factor in smaller wheat and of films for this purpose depends on corn trading, the wheat and corn mar- Watershed work many things besides its effect on wilting, kets have nevertheless maintained rela- shriveling, and preservation of freshness. tively stable futures volume since World WATERSHED PROTECTION projects According to R. E. Hardenburg, Bureau War n. Meanwhile they have afforded will soon begin on some 60 small areas of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural adequate hedging facilities and per- in about 34 States in cooperation with Engineering, the matter of ventilation formed neecssary risk-bearing services, local, State, and other Federal agencies and refrigeration are highly important he pointed out. and people residing therein. The Soil because vegetables stay alive after har- The relatively high level of "open con- Conservation Service is responsible for vest and hence need oxygen. Most films tracts" in grain futures reflects the con- developing the program, with an appro- do not allow sufficient air exchange at tinued importance of the hedging serv- priation of five million dollars for first- room temperature for even the slowly ices of the grain futures markets, Mr. year planning and treatment. It is ex- respiring vegetables. To offset this, Mehl said. pected that local interest will contribute mechanical perforations or incomplete For the year ended last June 30, the at least an amount equal to the esti- closures are advisable, he states. average month end open contracts for mated Federal cost of about 29 million Where there are no tiny air holes or grain futures of all varieties was 332 mil- dollars, covering a period of not more openings left, the oxygen in the package lion bushels on all supervised futures than five years. soon becomes exhausted by plant respira- markets. That is the largest figure for Each watershed project must have a tion, whereupon fermentation begins. any year since 1933-34, he stated. The local sponsor or sponsoring agency be- Then the off-flavors and stale odors are alltime peak figure of 375 million bushels cause of the Federal-State-local cost- produced. The bad effect of thus smoth- was reached in 1923-24, based on all ex- sharing provision. The funds secured ering the paokage contents which causes change records. from the 1954 Appropriation Act do not severe flavor losses is usually of greater Likewise cotton exchange trading in provide for certain forms of individual importance to vegetable quality than late years compares favorably with the assistance like irrigation and drainage. using the tight, nonventilated films in an These are being supplied by soil conser- 1920's, and most all other commodities effort to maintain natural color and ap- vation districts and other cooperators on the exchanges had record high years pearance, Mr. Hardenburg believes. under authority of other laws. in the period since then, Mr. Mehl ob- The field heat of freshly harvested While the Soil Conservation Service served. He said the markets no longer vegetables must be promptly removed by has been assigned general responsibility depend on feverish public speculation, precooling, and thereafter the packaged within USDA for the watershed projects, led by large professional operators as a produce should be held strictly under other services, such as Forest Service, source of market volume. Yet he thinks adequate low temperatures, the research will cooperate in carrying out certain that relatively large futures trading people say. They point to broccoli, phases of the program within their spe- markets and their growth in service which has only a few days' good keeping to cial fields of experience. SCS will co- quality at 70 degrees F., but which has a agriculture have a strong and positive ordinate plans for these projects with shelflife of two to three weeks under re- future, minus weaknesses and excesses other Federal agencies and Inter-State frigeration. Finally, the USDA workers they have so wisely discarded. Compact Commissions where such need say that the trimming and washing of exists. Department press release No. fresh vegetables often causes bruising. 2404-53 carries more details and a list BAI changes of personnel In extreme cases such injury makes the of authorized and proposed watersheds vegetables more perishable when pack- Bureau of Animal Industry has listed a where such projects are contemplated. few shifts in field personnel. Dr. W. F. Daut aged than otherwise. succeeds Dr. S. N. Studer as inspector in charge at Arkansas City, Kans. Dr. Studer has come to the Washington office of the Taggart leaves The leave leaflet Inspection and Quarantine Division. Dr. W. Dr. Glen Taggart, who has served as Chief Probably your personnel offices have copies S. Houk succeeds Dr. Charles Barnes as in- of the Technical Collaboration Branch of of a recent leaflet sent out by USDA Office of spector at Springfield, Mass. Dr. Barnes has Foreign Agricultural Service, has gone to Personnel relating tj the new Annual Leave gone to Ottumwa, Iowa, where he succeeds Michigan State College, East Lansing. He and Sick Leave Act. It's called Your Annual Dr. J. L. Myers, who has transferred to will do both research and extension teaching Leave as Affected by Recent Changes. It Omaha, Nebr. as a rural sociologist. should help settle vexing questions.

USDA: November 18, 1953 —

Said on the side "By other means" Brief and choice

BREAD ALONE is not and never has REVISED REGULATIONS governing the Agronomy sessions been the main goal and heart's desire of Graduate School as recently signed by On November 16-20 the American Society most of the folks up and down our old Secretary Benson, have a significant of Agronomy with the Soil Science Associa- tion of America met at Dallas, Texas. Many valley. But somehow, when the tang of paragraph inserted which may or may USDA and State college speakers partici- Indian summer fades into the dull brown not result in opening up new reserve pated. Presiding officers at some of the sec- tion meetings and discussions included these of late fall, and the only spots of color income sources for the institution. This persons from USDA; H. R. Haise, O. C. Rogers, left in the fields are the last gleam of the phrase comes in the paragraph relating and J. L. Retzer. Dr. Robert M. Salter had goldenrod and the orange tone of the to the cost of operation of the Grad- an "invitation paper" at the opening general meeting. pumpkins, a fellow begins to think of uate School: "providing that the cost of pies, sweet cider, and wild grape jelly. operation in addition to facilities and Prize packaging He always finds excuses to leave the barn resources furnished by the Department, The Produce Prepackaging Association, a trade group located at Stamford, Conn., shall be borne by the fees paid by stu- and feedlot and mosey up to the house, awarded certificates of merit in October to just to inhale some of the rich aroma dents or by other means such as volun- a research team from PISAE for good work on technical problems of prepackaging. that fills the kitchen and seeps out in an tary contributions, bequests, and grants, Members of the team include H. A. Schomer, appetizing way with spicey promise of provided such funds are acceptable by G. L. Rygg, R. E. Hardenburg, Fisk Gerhardt, mighty menus. Maybe he takes a hand the Board and are utilized in accord with M. Lieberman, B. A. Friedman, J. Kaufman, and Howard Hruscka. in squeezing apple juice with the old cider the regulations governing the Graduate press, or helps hang up the drip bag full School." Did you do it? In the previous issue of the of grape mash, or slices some pumpkin Hence from this time on, good friends USDA (Novem- ber 4) the opinions of readers were sought and squash. Anything he can do to help and trust foundations with spare funds regarding the actual value of the publica- tion to them. Deadlines for Ma and the girls fix up coming feasts is a to donate may grant financial aid to are set the re- ceipt of the "returns" as of December 1. support appropriate activities that could lot nicer than fall plowing or fence We hope you and your fellow office employees not easily be supported from the stu- mending—although it's those outdoor have already filled in the blanks and sent them back to us. chores that give the lank and empty dent registration fees. This opens up feeling which only the sharp corners of a opportunities to realize benefit to the Meat inspection gains square meal will rub off. Your average Graduate School from persons or agen- This is the 47th year of continuous meat inspection service under provisions of the valley family sets great store by their cies who wish to give fellowships or other Meat Inspection Act, approved June 30, 1906. cooking and eating all right, and folks sums for development of special courses At that time inspection was maintained in welcome good recipes from neighbors or that employees recommend—or even in- 163 establishments in 58 cities. This year the work has expanded to 1,019 plants in clude funds for training selected em- home demonstration agents. Yet most 397 cities and towns. The seven laboratories ployees of land-grant colleges of them eat to live, and not the other the on of the Meat Inspection Service examined special assignments. Dr. P. V. Cardon, 20,504 samples of meat and meat foods and way around. Most of us in the valley ingredients used in their preparation. Of School, appreciate sitting down to a meal of Director of the Graduate has this number 1,562 samples were rejected. much faith in these possibilities as a varied victuals, but when we say grate- Hevea improvement ful things about another bountiful year means of advancing the educational op- According Dr. S. Quisenberry, PISAE, portunities of Federal workers and to K. being over there's a lot more meaning superior clones of Hevea (rubber plant) thereby giving greater strength to gov- behind it than reaching for another have been produced at Bel Terra, Brazil, in ernment work itself. cooperation with the Instituto Agronomico handout of sage dressing and chicken do Norte. Through cooperative arrange- gravy. The idea is much broader and ments with Brazilian authorities, these clones are being made available to cooper- deeper and more comforting than hav- to Olustee Golumbic ators in Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, ing marvelous meals. What we get from Dr. Calvin Golumbic, formerly with the Haiti, Mexico, and Peru. TJ. S. Bureau of Mines, was appointed in food after all is the health and vitality August as chemist on the staff of the Naval Turkey pullorum testing we need to share in and contribute to the Stores Station, Olustee, Fla. His work will be to direct fundamental research, under Regular monthly reports of the pullorum richness of country life; and to defend are the direction of E. L. Patton, head of the testing of turkeys by State agencies au- and uphold those lasting ideals handed Station. He holds degrees from Pennsyl- being issued by cooperation of State vania State College and Rutgers University. thorities under the National Turkey Im- down from one generation to the next as provement Plan, Bureau of Animal Industry, symbols of things Americans are really and the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Soil meeting Conservers During the months of July, August, and thankful for. Even the heartiest eater The eighth annual meeting of the Soil September turkey pullorum tests increased who takes a nice, long nap afterwards Conservation Society of America was held 38 percent over the same 3 months last at Colorado Springs, Colo., November 5-7. year. live in he knows he's lucky to a country Three presiding officers scheduled as chair- where a man can slumber on his own men of general meeting were Dr. Robert M. Front Royal is honored Salter, Chief, Soil Conservation Service; of Mrs. L. G. Skiles, Farmers Home Adminis- time and a soft mattress, instead be- J. Alfred Hall, Director, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis.; and Dr. Richard tration office clerk at Front Royal, Virginia, ing slugged into some starvation labor to E. McArdle, Chief, Forest Service. Included looked up from her work on August 21 caller, in camp for a sick spell and a "brain wash." among the speakers were E. J. Dykesterhuis, greet an office a man dressed sport SCS, Lincoln, Nebr.; Dr. Raymond Price, shirt and slacks. He said his name was Southwestern Forest and Range Experiment Benson, and asked for the county supervisor, Station, Tucson. Ariz.; P. D. Hanson, Regional T. C. Henderson. Mrs. Skiles said he was Symphony orchestra Forester, Missoula, Mont.; A. M. Hedge and holding a committee meeting and that the The Department of Agriculture's Sym- Frederick Renner, SCS, Washington, D. C; visitor was welcome to go in and speak to phony Association begins its winter series of Frank C. Edminster, SCS, Upper Darby, Pa.; him. So Secretary of Agriculture Ezra Taft concerts in the Jefferson Auditorium on and Lincoln Ellison and Reed Bailey, Direc- Benson went in and visited with Mr. Hen- November 23. Admission to each of the tor, Intermountain Forest and Range Experi- derson and the Warren County Farmers three concerts to be performed this season ment Station, Ogden, Utah. H. Wayne Home Administration committee. He in- will be by membership card of the associa- Pritchard of Des Moines, Iowa, is the execu- quired about the number and kind of loans general. tion at $2 for regular ones and $10 for each tive secretary. Dr. E. H. Graham. SCS, is a and discussed the program in sponsor membership. The latter will be en- member of the national council for the "Just a regular fellow," they described him titled to invite three guests for each concert. society. afterwards.

USDA: November 18, 1953 New FCA law soon effective Whipple to FAS Crowded out Provisions of the Farm Credit Act of 1953 Clayton E. Whipple is the new deputy di- Detailed tables showing the distribution, will become effective December 4, 1953. At rector of the Foreign Agricultural Service. symptoms and control of some of the more the national level there will be a 13-man Coming to the Department for the second important plant diseases appear as Supple- Federal Farm Credit Board which will have time from the directorship of agricultural ment 221 of the Plant Disease Report as of direction, supervision, and control of the work in the Technical Cooperation Adminis- October 15, 1953. This material was among FCA. The Board will appoint a Governor tration, Mr. Whipple has had a quarter of a considerable overset copy that got crowded who will be the responsible administrative century of experience in foreign agricultural out of the 1953 Yearbook of Agriculture. officer. FCA remains housed in the De- work. partment. School lunch opinion Rivenburgh and rice After the National School Lunch Advisory No corn quotas Dexter V. Rivenburgh of the Foreign Agri- Committee and their USDA consultants fin- Secretary Benson has announced that the cultural Service is on an extensive assign- ished their 2-day sessions in Washington, total supply of corn for the 1953-54 market- ment in Europe, Asia, and Africa on a study D. C, at the invitation of Secretary Benson, ing season is below the level at which under of markets for U. S. rice in foreign lands. a short digest of conclusions about this val- the law, marketing quotas would be invoked. He will visit 16 areas of three continents uable service was released. For your copy Yet under the mandatory provisions of the where rice is imported. write to Editor of USDA asking for No. 2401. law, acreage allotments probably will be pro- Plant survivors claimed not later than next February 1, for Newell's notes listed commercial corn-producing areas. National Arboretum Contribution No. 1 Refreshing and different are the brief hu- of August 1935 consists of a scientific list of all man interest pieces that appear regularly in committee the plants now growing naturally at the Training USDA's Agricultural Situation directed to National Arboretum in northeast Washing- crop and livestock reporters on farms and The new membership of the Committee on ton, D. C. Oliver M. Freeman, the author, ranches. S. R. Newell, Chairman of the Training in Administrative Management for was formerly botanist and curator of the Crop Reporting Board, writes in a friendly the Department are: Frederick W. Babbel. living plant collection there, administered and imaginative style which contrasts with Office of the Secretary; R. T. Beall, REA; by the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and ordinary "economic language." Marcus Braswell. PMA; Carl Colvin, FCA; most Agricultural Engineering. Whether plants Cannon Hearne, FAS; Paul V. Kepner, Ext.; are abundant, rare, or absent at this location Earl W. Loveridge, FS; Sterling R. Newell, depends on the soils, moisture, and general BAE: John L. Wells B & F; Donald Williams, Readers' reminders land use before the tract was bought by the SCS; C. O. Henderson, Pers, Chairman. Government in 1927. Legume inoculation Farm costs, returns BHNHE visitors Fitting the most effective bacteria culture A processed circular, Farm Costs and Re- The total number of visitors to the offices to the right legume crop is now more of an turns, 1952, compares expenses and income of the Bureau of Human Nutrition and exact science than it was a few years ago. for 20 types of commercial family farms in Economics in the 1953 fiscal year was Home A newly revised and comprehensive bulletin 12 major areas of the country. For 12 out 2,597. Of these, 731 persons were from 67 has been published on legume inoculation. of the 20, net farm income was lower in 1952 foreign countries while the U. S. visitors Ask for a free copy of F. B. 2003 from Office than in 1951. Greatest cut in net farm in- numbered 1,858 persons from 48 States and of Information. come for the year was with the Intermoun- the District of Columbia 8 others being of — tain sheep ranches, or a drop from $21,000 to unknown origin. Grasshoppers in history $5,560, whereas in 1951 this same group averaged the top net return of all types. Spiker retires July quarterly issue of the magazine. The The circular is available from the Bureau of Agricultural History, published by the Agri- Spiker, came to the Fruit and Agricultural Economics. A. R. who cultural History Society, contains a readable Vegetable Division of USDA in 1927, retired article on a new angle. It is entitled "Grass- Foreign maps, charts official age limit from a position in at the hoppers in American Agricultural History," the Fruit and Vegetable Branch of PMA on by John T. Schlebecker, University of Wis- A publication called The Foreign Agricul- September 30. His work was with trans- tural Situation—Maps and Charts, prepared portation arrangements and maintenance by our Foreign Agricultural Service, furnishes of records. "Dope" for the farm-hungry background data relating to agricultural trade abroad. Its 62 pages printed and 82 "Mike" Rowell leaves Questions and answers for the public In charts serve as basic material to accompany general who want to know where and how to the discussions at the Outlook Conference E. J. "Mike" Rowell, Chief. Marketing Pro- get a piece of farmland fill a popular de- held last month. It's doubtful if many grams Division, Office of Information Services mand. What about homesteads? How copies are left, but the original supply was in PMA, left the Department October 16 to about farmland on surplus military reserva- distributed through FAS in Room 5922, South executive director of the Greater become tions? Where are the best farms for sale? Building. Producer Dairy Council Commit- New York What authorities should be consulted locally tee, Inc. This unit is affiliated with the Na- on farm purchases? What loan agencies help Engineering handbook Council, with headquarters at tional Dairy finance farm buyers? All these and other Street, York City. Mr. The Planners Engineering 11 West 42d New pertinent queries are found in a newly re- Farm Handbook Joined in 1929 with the New for the Upper Mississippi Region is a Rowell TJSDA vised edition of a 4-page leaflet. No. 299, com- England Radio News Service, with which prehensive treatise on technical aspects of originally issued in 1947. It's by Marshall associated. He came to Wash- farm ponds, hydraulic rams, wells, concrete BAE was then Thompson, BAE information specialist. ington in 1937 to develop radio work with masonry, terracing, water diversion, irriga- and served since 1945 in the position tion, drainage and kindred soil conservation BAE, Electrified farms last held with PMA. subjects. Edwin Fryburger, Acting Assistant According to Rural Electrification Admin- Regional Director of Engineering at the Mil- Mangham succeeds Thatcher istration there were as of last June 30 about waukee regional office of the Soil Conserva- 4,888,460 farms connected to lines of all power tion Service, is the compiler. Copies are Arthur B. Thatcher, Director of the Office suppliers, which brings the total to 90.8 per- listed by the Superintendent of Documents, of Plant and Operations since 1939, retired cent of all U. S. farms against about 88 per- Government Printing Office, for $1.50 each. effective October 31, 1953. Francis R. Man- cent 1 year ago. Only one State has less than gham of the Soil Conservation Service has 80 percent of its farms connected to high succeeded him. As Director of P&O, Mr. lines. You may get the State estimates and Thatcher has had charge of the space, com- other data by asking USDA Editor for No. NOVEMBER18,1953;Vo!.XII,No.23 munications, records management and cen- 2344. tral supply and mailing services of the De- USDA is published fortnightly for distribu- partment. He is a native of Vermont and Foreign trade indexes tion to employees only, by direction of the first entered the Government service in the Secretary of Agriculture, and with approval Bureau of the Census, Department of Com- Foreign Agricultural Service has prepared of the Director of the Bureau of the Budget merce, in December 1917. He later served two monthly quantity indexes of U. S. foreign (July 1, 1952), as containing administrative in the Post Office Department and the Gen- trade in agricultural products, one for ex- information required for the proper transac- eral Accounting Office prior to joining the ports and the other for imports. Both have tion of the public business. Retirees who Department. Mr. Mangham has been in the same base period and method of com- write the editor requesting it may continue Government work, including the armed serv- putation. The old index has proved unsatis- to get USDA. Please write instead of phon- ices, since 1935. He holds a degree from factory. Robert B. Schwenger directed the ing whenever possible; for rush orders call Louisiana Polytechnic Institute and a law work, which is mimeographed as a revision Ext. 2058, Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of degree from the North Texas School of Law, of the 1941 original and reissued last month. USDA, Office of Information, Department of Fort Worth. He entered SCS at Minden, La. It's listed as F. S. 85. Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

U. 5. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: I9S3 ^ranwfc) <3>vV :/W 1 SHARE THIS COPY Ye maligned "inspector'

(%7,y TRADITIONAL JIBES have been flung hither and yon since days of yore at the *Gr role of the Government "inspector." He it is who has often been the easy buffer .VLMt* • for the flings of malice and the slams of A H those who regard public-service folks as 2 . L1BR Ff general nitwits and nuisances—maybe £UBE£NO10ifiJ because they don't work directly for pri- vate enterprise. FOR DECEMBER 2, 1953 But over in the City of Brotherly Love to the northward there is at least one M*^

served as a basis for worldwide research Administrator) , the Foreign Agricultural Nutritional research that has given us our present knowledge Service, and the Commodity Exchange of the dietary needs and the sources from Authority. MODERN NUTRITION research began which they come," Miss Adams con- Agricultural Stabilization: Agencies in at Madison, Wis. Some details of the cludes. this group are Commodity Stabilization genesis of modern nutritional studies ap- Under the direction of the late Dr. E. B. Service (including the administration of pear in a summary prepared by Dr. Hart, and others whose have be- Corporation pro- Georgian Adams, Experiment Station names Commodity Credit come famous in nutrition work, these grams) (Howard H. Gordon, Adminis- Administrator, Office of Experiment Sta- Wisconsin findings include such items trator), Federal Crop Insurance Corpo- tions, published in the 1953 annual re- as: ration, and Community, County, and port of the Wisconsin Agricultural Ex- State Committees (Howard H. Gordon, periment Station. Carotene, the yellow pigment in many plant foods, was shown to be the natural Acting Administrator) The era of nutritional research started precursor of vitamin A. The water-solu- Agricultural Credit: Agencies in this at the Wisconsin station in 1907 to deter- ble B vitamin associated with lactose is group are Farmers' Home Administra- mine the effects of organic nutrients known as riboflavin ; that from the wheat tion and Rural Electrification Adminis- from single-plant sources on the growth germ is another substance known as tration. and reproduction of farm animals. Miss thiamine. Besides these, some 10 to 13 Adams shows that this initial trial was additional members of the B complex made to determine whether rations alike have been discovered. The present OPEDA milestone by chemical analyses, but derived solely methods of treating or preventing rickets from the entire plant of wheat, oats, and NEXT YEAR the Organization of Pro- stems from the Wisconsin finding that corn, would prove to be of equal value in fessional Employees of the U. S. Depart- irradiation of certain foods with ultra- feeding cattle to maintain growth and ment of Agriculture (OPEDA) will ap- violet light endows them with vitamin D vigor. propriately recognize the 25th anniver- activity. Dramatic pellagra cures ob- The experiment demonstrated the su- sary 0- its founding. The membership tained with nicotinic acid—a pellagra- periority of the corn-fed animals. The card for 1954 will give special recognition preventive factor discovered at Wiscon- young from the corn-fed group were to the anniversary and also carry sin in 1937 proved the value of this born at term, were strong and normal, — OPEDA's adopted code of ethics. Notices material for reducing the distressing and developed well. But those from the of current dues which have been sent conditions of the disease. wheat-fed lots were the reverse in all to members contain a message from the respects with the oat-fed group inter- OPEDA Council suggesting that no better mediate. Recent changes way to observe the anniversary can be Biological chemists could not discover found than to enlist a new member. what made the difference by use of any SECRETARY BENSON on November 2 After a quarter of a century OPEDA method then known. They decided to announced that at the request of Dr. is active and influential in its originally try using simplified diets and progress Robert M. Salter, he will be transferred, adopted objectives. The character and onward to more complex ones. Here they for health reasons, from the position as high purpose of its founders in setting met with relative success, it is pointed Chief of the Soil Conservation Service objectives intended to promote the out. Such purified diets composited to be in charge of soil and water conser- mutual welfare of the Department and from corn starch, wheat starch, milk vation studies in the newly created Agri- its workers has stimulated active inter- sugar, butterfat, and purified proteins cultural Research Service. In his place est and effort by its members and officers from hemp seed and corn, and other with SCS, Secretary Benson named Don- to the present day. items, gave a basis for a new procedure ald A. Williams, in charge of the Agri- Note the rollcall of some of its presi- in studying animal nutrition. The effect cultural Conservation Program since dents during the formative years: Dr. of using various fats in the purified diets last February. Meanwhile, for adminis- A. F. Woods, Director of Scientific Work; became evident soon afterwards. trative reasons, the regional offices of C. C. Clark, U. S. Weather Bureau; R. E. Out of these studies they obtained evi- SCS were abolished. Fred G. Ritchie, of Marsh, U. S. Forest Service; E. W. Sheets, dence by 1913-15 that there existed two Arkansas, is the new head of the Agricul- Bureau of Animal Industry; S. B. tural Conservation Program Service. essential dietary factors—one fat-solu- Fracker, Bureau of Entomology ; and the ble and the other water-soluble. Both The following are the four main groups late M. C. Merrill, Office of Information. were needed for growth and well-being provided for by the reorganization and Notable among the other officers and agencies in each (where agen- of livestock. These were not identified the new past councilors were H. A. Knight, Chief, cies have been formed or major changes chemically, and for a time were called Bureau of Chemistry and Soils; M. C. made, the name of the person in charge Wilson, Extension Service; Dr. W. W. vitamin A and vitamin B, respectively. is given in parentheses) Stockberger, Director of Personnel; This Wisconsin discovery marked the Federal-States Relations: Agencies in Milton S. Eisenhower, Director of In- start of the modern nutrition research this group include: Agricultural Re- formation; and a host of other famous era and stimulated work in numerous search Service (Byron T. Shaw, Admin- names. Many of those early active other laboratories. istrator) , Forest Service, Federal Exten- members have not ceased their interest Miss Adams further states that al- sion Service, Soil Conservation Service, in the work of OPEDA, such as Dr. B. A. though animal nutrition was originally Agricultural Conservation Program Porter, BEPQ; Dr. Frederick V. Rand the chief concern, this newer research Service, and Farmer Cooperative Service (retired) , Office of Experiment Stations; has involved fundamental aspects which (Joseph G. Knapp, acting-in- charge). E. W. Loveridge, FS; Emily Clark, Bu- have been basic to human nutrition as Marketing and Foreign Agriculture: reau of Agricultural Economics, and well. "The epochal findings from this Agencies in this group are the Agricul- Ruth O'Brien, Bureau of Human Nutri- study ushered in the vitamin era and tural Marketing Service (O V. Wells, tion and Home Economics, among others.

USDA; December 2, 1935 moisture, and wind velocity are usually Fuel-moisture sticks taken into account, as well as the amount To SCS employees of moisture in the stick. Yet the stick WOODEN STICKS are used as indi- ALL EMPLOYEES in the Soil Conserva- alone is a very direct indicator of how cators to evaluate the relative dryness of tion Service were reached last month in fast dry woody fuels might burn. fuels as one step in estimating fire dan- a statement by Donald A. Williams, Act- Measuring the stick's moisture is sim- ger in the big woods. This idea was ing Administrator of this agency—for- ple. The scale is counterweighted to 100 conceived nearly 30 years ago by scien- merly head of the Agricultural Conserva- grams, or the exact dry weight of the tists of the U. S. Forest Service, because tion Program. This is part of his stick. So when the scale reads 10, which sticks of known dry weight are a good message: is a total of 110 grams, the stick has 10 measure of the moisture content of for- "The program of the Soil Conservation est fuels. percent moisture content. During the Service during the last 18 years has been successful because you, working together, Richard E. McArdle, now Chief of the fire season, readings of 5 percent or less with the cooperation of farmers and ranchers sometime occur, which means that all Forest Service, helped develop the idea and many others, have made it so. The in forest is like kindling. of using one-half inch square sticks and dry wood the success of the program in the future is also After a soaking rain, the stick may take in your hands. I am fortunate that during doweling the sticks together. The the last 18 years I have had the opportunity moisture. system was further tested and developed up as much as 36 percent to work at every level of the Service organi- without rain, sticks respond zation. Therefore, I have a keen apprecia- the late T. Gisborne of the Even the to by Harry tion of the important role that each of you moisture changes from day to day and N. R. M. (in Region No. 1) of the Forest plays. from day to night. Thus a fuel moisture large majority of assist soil con- Service. According to C. E. Hardy, "A you servation districts and work directly with stick is a sensitive indicator of what is writing in the October issue of Fire Con- the people who own and operate the land, happening to the dead branches and trol Notes, sets of sticks prior to 1942 where the soil and water conservation job is woody litter that would be fuel in a for- to be done. Through your efforts, we must were not trimmed to any particular speed up the application of conservation on est fire. ovendry weight, but after that sticks the land. "Through this reorganization the Wash- were trimmed to exactly 100 grams dry ington office and the State and Territorial weight. This cut the computation time For Superior Work offices will be strengthened. And highly and reduced chances of error consider- competent field specialists will be available PAY INCREASES for superior accom- to serve groups of States. The Washington ably, and eliminated the need of a spe- plishment were recently awarded em- and State offices will continue to be facili- cial conversion chart. tating, servicing, and supervisory. Provision ployees, as indicated below: has been made for carrying out our new Since 1951, a manufacturing center Forest Service: Silvrena Macebo, watershed responsibilities. Increasing em- for making fuel-moisture sticks for phasis is being placed on watershed protec- clerk-typist, Calif. San Francisco, tion, which offers an enormous challenge to fire agencies of the whole Western Production and Marketing Adminis- the Soil Conservation Service for combining Region was set up at the Forest Service measures for soil and water conservation tration: Zirl L. Holton, instrument warehouse at Spokane, Wash. Here the and upstream flood prevention. maker, Washington, D. C. "There will continue to be great oppor- fuel-moisture sticks are made to a nicety the for nearly all of you to Soil Conservation Service: Martha J. tunities in SCS and distributed to the field workers. make a substantial contribution to American Jones, clerk-typist, Kankakee, 111.; Erke agriculture. Each set of sticks consists of four J/2- C. King, agricultural engineer, Wray, "The adjustments we have before us will inch ponderosa pine sapwood pieces and be made gradually. A few of you will ex- Colo. two %6-inch diameter hardwood dowel perience substantial personal inconvenience. We will approach the problems of transfers pins. Small holes are drilled through Draheim elected and realinements with understanding and give every possible consideration to your the pieces which are then fastened to- Arlington, Va., voters have elected E. R. personal hopes, wishes, and desires. Draheim, Office of Personnel, as a member of gether by the dowel pins with Vi inch "I ask for your cooperation and support the school board there. He was reelected in adjusting the Service organization in the spacing between the pieces. Brads hold after serving nearly 4 years, part of the time most efficient and effective manner that is the sticks firmly at this spacing on the as board chairman. possible. There is before us the vital job of districts with the dowels. Each set of indicators is 20 List farm policy points assisting soil conservation protection and improvement of America's inches long with an ovendry weight of Secretary Benson in a talk at the National soil and water resources. Let's go forward 100 grams. The manufacturing process Plowing Contest at Eau Claire, Wis., late in with renewed diligence." September listed the following eight guides delicate one. is a continuous and he will follow in formulating future farm For mailing, each set is slipped into policies and programs: It must provide a constantly farm economy; it must an individual paper envelope and stored improved Byrnes to Michigan fully protect the farmer's freedom of choice; Frank Byrnes, former Ohio State agricul- in a tight box under uniform temper- it be in the farm interest; it must also must tural editor, is now the associate director public interest; it must be finan- ature and moisture conditions. After a be in the of the National Project in Agricultural Com- cially practical; it must be geared to use munications. He will serve with Director few months they are then ready to fulfill instead of storage; it must solve problems Stanley Andrews in the newly developed the numerous orders received at Spo- and not create them; and it must square project located in Wells Hall, Michigan State with American principles. kane from all the Western area, to help College, East Lansing, Mich. foresters determine the relative fire Coffee clinic Jump worker award A virulent rust disease attacks most of the danger as shown by prevailing fuel mos- William A. Jump Memorial Award Is standard varieties of coffee plants growing The for any employee of the Federal Gov- ture in the timber. in thit hemisphere. USDA scientists Fred- open passed his or her 36th erick Wellman and William Cowgill have ernment who has not These sticks are installed at selected A. whose made a round-the-world search for rust- birthday as of next December 31, and fire "danger stations." Here a simple resistant coffee plants and for ways to com- performance demonstrates unusual compe- tence and interest in public administration weather shelter is set up. It has a bat the rust itself. All of the coffee seeds garnered by these men from the Eastern and basic principles of enlightened public weighing scale for the stick and a psy- Hemisphere have been planted in the Glenn service. Recommendations should be signed Dale, Md. propagation greenhouses of the by the head of the department or agency, chrometer to measure the dryness of the later Division of Plant Exploration and Introduc- and all nominations must be filed not air; also usually a wind gage to measure tion of BPISAE, and thus fax have produced than February 1, 1954, with the William A. Memorial Award Committee, room 103, the speed of the wind and a rain gage to more than 10,000 seedlings. Many of these Jump have already been sent to Latin American Administration Building, U. S. Department measure the rainfall. Temperature, air countries to be used in breeding programs. of Agriculture.

USDA: Decembei 2, 1853 Research fund Plant disease warnings Brief choice and The amount made available by Congress Potato and tomato late blight disease was for Federal-grant payments to State Experi- somewhat widely reported but its severity on Change at Savannah ment Stations for 1954 was $13,273,708. This both crops in 1953 was light, according to the annual summary issued by the Plant Roscoe T. Hill, of the New York office of the is about one million dollars higher than the Disease Warning Service. In many States former Fruit and Vegetable Branch of PMA, amount made available for 1953. Only about tomato late blight did not appear at all or has been transferred to Savannah, Ga., to 1 dollar out of every 5 dollars spent at the State stations comes from Federal grants. only in a few scattered fields. Only two take charge of that office. He succeeds Wil- occurrences of blight on tomato transplants liam H. Winfield, who died October 23. Fellowships were reported. Hot, dry weather and ade- quate use of fungicides were factors in re- College recruitment National Science Foundation's student ducing its prevalence. Blue mold of tobacco A revised circular has been issued by Office fellowship program has been stepped up to was widespread in about all of the growing of Personnel to inform the public about em- $1% million. About a tenth of the 700 areas of Georgia and North Carolina and the ployment opportunities in USDA in the fields fellowships are postdoctorate, while the rest southern part of the flue-cured belt of Virginia. of specialized work covered by current civil go to first-, second-, or third-year graduate There was practically no measur- service examinations. Much of the mate- students. December 15 is the closing date able damage. the junior agricultural assist- for applications in the postdoctorate class, rial relates to Poultry figures ant examination recently announced. The and January 4, 1954, for graduate fellowships. information should be of real interest to The Division of Scientific Personnel and Poultry Branch of PMA last month issued college men and women graduating on or Education of the NRF receives applications. a statistical pamphlet of important facts and before June 30, 1954. Advisers to college figures on the poultry industry. Among students may also find it helpful. Robinson honored other items it showed State rank in a few categories, covering the 1952 production. The Future Farmers of America have con- Iowa was first in eggs sold from farms Pardon the omission ferred the degree of Honorary American —363 million dozen, as well as in chickens exclud- Farmer upon James L. Robinson. He was a One of the largest cooperative oat-breeding ing broilers 144 million pounds. Georgia joint employee of the Extension Service and — programs is conducted at the Purdue Agri- led with sales of broilers 315 million pounds, the Farm Credit Administration for 19 years. — cultural Experiment Station, inadvertently and together with chickens, its total cash The degree awarded to him is in recognition left out of a piece on oat breeding and variety sales were highest. California topped with of his help to youthful farmers and high- improvement in a recent issue. Dr. Ralph turkeys—206 million pounds, and led all school agricultural departments in the field M. Caldwell is in charge of the small-grain states in cash returns on poultry products, of farm credit and cooperatives. investigations, assisted by Drs. John F. with Pennsylvania and Iowa in next order. Schafer and Fred L. Patterson. Leroy E. Compton, associate agronomist, and an em- New use for soda straws ployee of the USDA Division of Cereal Crops Norman Dennis, of the Bureau of Ento- and Diseases, has been stationed at Purdue mology and Plant Quarantine, reports an im- Yours truly since 1921. Dubois, a winter oat, was re- proved method for successful arrangement leased in 1952 as a product of this program. of wheat kernels when taking radiograph AFTER EDITING about 60 issues since Purdue people cooperated in the release of pictures to detect hidden internal infesta- September 1951 for readers of the em- Benton and Clinton oat varieties and were tions. Either loose or crowded kernels do instrumental in the development of Clinton not make good X-ray films, and many meth- ployee news bulletin, USDA, the present 59 selection, now the most widely grown ods were tried until the hit upon using soda editor regrets that he feels constrained oat in Indiana. straws. Either straws of cellophane or par- to yield this stimulating position to a affin paper, usually 4 millimeters in diameter, Elwell retires keep the wheat kernels properly lined up. successor—yet to be named. It was a loaded in 2 seconds Dr. F. N. Elwell, inspector in charge for the The straws can be with pleasant and educational assignment or aspira- former Bureau of Industry at Fort suction from a vacuum pump by Animal from the Director of Information, R. L. Worth, Tex., has retired after about 49 years tion. Radiographs can easily be taken of 144 wheat-filled straws at once, each straw of service as a Federal veterinary officer. Mr. Webster—one that was undertaken with containing 45 kernels of wheat. Elwell graduated from Iowa State College's the good standards and traditions in veterinary course in 1902 at the age of 18 that well years, and got a civil service appointment as Smokey bear's "twin" mind have been so established a veterinarian in 1904, which was the last Smokey, the fire-preventin' bear of wide by predecessors, who took pride in re- that commissions were issued for Fed- year renown, has a counterpart in Latin America. cording the notable achievements of our eral veterinarians only 20 years old. who were The relation to the south is Tio Conejo, new Department employees and agencies Dr. Elwell says his best contribution to the or Uncle Rabbit. The long-eared teacher livestock industry was at the National Stock of good farming methods there was dreamed through the years. Having devoted most Yards, Illinois. Here he inaugurated a sys- up by Sr. Rogelio Coto Monge, extension of a lifetime to agricultural journalism tem of having a Bureau employee check the editor at the Inter-American Institute of railway waybills before the animals were un- Agricultural Sciences, Turrialba, Costa Rica. and Federal-State relations in agricul- loaded, noting car numbers loaded in sus- Thousands of conservation leaflets and news- ture, this latest privilege rounded out picious tick-infested territory. He also spent paper cartoons carry the quaint symbols and this editor's mature career in a favorite 13 years in the saddle, riding the ranges to messages of the lively helper. Dr. Armando inspect cattle and horses. Dr. Elwell will Samper, of the institute's scientific com- field. Upon retirement effective on De- soon move back to the Midwest where his munications, says that the rabbit idea ap- cember 4, your Scribe will be living in children, grandchildren, and one great- peals to farmers in that region. grandchild reside. Madison, Wis., where he will continue improvers here this Walters wants watchers Carolina home to be a "constant reader" of and Thirty-four home demonstration agents the other more formal literature issued Lt. Col. Allyn Walters, formerly with Rural North Carolina visited the Agricultural Electrification Administration, who works from by this wonderful organization of capa- Research Center at Beltsville, Md., on Novem- out of the Colorado Springs Air Defense ber 3. These visitors represented the local, ble people known as the U. S. Depart- Command headquarters, is seeking to have county, State councils of North Carolina. more volunteers in rural areas for airplane and ment of Agriculture. Mrs. Dazell Lowe, who has been in home dem- spotters. It is harder and yet more impor- onstration work for 31 years, and Mrs. Gene- tant to properly man observation posts in Kyer, of the North Carolina Ex- the open country zones, with each post oc- vieve both tension Service, supervised the trip. The DECEMBER 2,1953; Vol. XII, No. 24 cupied by 2 volunteers in 2-hour assignments purpose of the excursion was to acquaint distribu- around the clock. USDA is published fortnightly for these women more fully with home demon- tion to employees only, by direction of the Burmeister appointment stration work on the Federal level, and to cor- Secretary of Agriculture, and with approval rect any misinformation that they may have of the Director of the Bureau of the Budget Gustav Burmeister, for 30 years a career had regarding the Department of Agriculture (July 1, 1952), as containing administrative man in the former Bureau of Agricultural and its work. Through the reports that these information required for the proper transac- Economics and the Foreign Agricultural representatives will give to the other mem- tion of the public business. Retirees who Service, is the new assistant director of the bers of the North Carolina councils when write the editor requesting it may continue Foreign Agricultural Service. He holds an they return, it is hoped that the horizon and to get USDA. Please write instead of phon- agricultural degree from Texas A. & M. College scope of home demonstration work will be ing whenever possible; for rush orders call and a degree in business administration from broadened. Included also in this excursion Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of Boston University. Clayton Whipple is the were trips to historical and scenic areas in USDA, Office of Information, Department of acting FSA director. Washington and its environs. Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1953 ~"at***t-*&m* m/ 4 SHARE THIS COPY Bales on the scales COTTON GINNERS and field agents of the Cotton Branch in the former Pro- duction and Marketing Administration cooperated recently in making a survey 1 of the weights of cotton bales, to deter- mine how much and how often they 2 deviated seriously from the usual range

3 of 450 to 500 pounds gross weight. This was done because extra wide variations 4 „ FOR DECEMBER 16, 1953 from normal weights of bales cause several problems and inefficiencies in handling and marketing cotton. John W/. Wright, Chief, Research and Testing

< , of it. .<^&_. <"^J ^L.^iLi'^^-.'^L.'^L.'^^_.r^_. ^L.'^t>'^L.' Division PMA, supervised ( Some bales weigh as little as 300 pounds or less, and others reach the high

inspiring words which have rung down through the centuries : "Peace on and often break apart. Heavyweight earth, good will toward men." There, in the Biblical account of the first bales are also subject to penalty, espe- Christmas, is set forth simply and beautifully a message which would have cially those over 700 pounds. spared man most of his troubles, had he only heeded it. It is not too late From the facts secured in this and for mankind to embrace that thought. But it is none too early, either. succeeding surveys, educational work to As we enjoy this happy Holiday season, let us never lose sight of our get the industry to pack more uniform blessings or of the stirring challenges which lie ahead. I deeply appreciate the strength which my association with employees of the Department of bales of standard market weights, will Agriculture has given me during the last year. You have reaffirmed my be forthcoming. confidence in your integrity and in your desire to serve to your full ability. Many of you, to my personal knowledge, have given above and beyond the "Impulse item" call of duty. May a kindly Providence richly reward all of you. Merchandisers who work with in In the full spirit of this season, I again wish all of USDA the current honey consumption drive base you a Merry Christmas a Happy Year. and New their operations on the fact that honey is regarded as an "impulse item" and that Ezra Taft Benson, honey's universal appeal attracts customers and stimulates the sale along with it of many Secretary of Agriculture. other food items. The 1953 honey crop is estimated at 250 million pounds, so the honey industry is getting the help of USDA and processors and distributors to move it out steadily. A similar effort last year re- t sulted in making the sales volume reach an <~^^'~sk^'~S^<~sk>'~S§Lj<~S^r^^'~S^''7^<~^^ all-time high.

281526°—53 —

but had its blooming dependent on low my heart. There I breathe at this hour Genes and degrees temperature. Steinberg assumes that the fragrance of the lilac, the violet, and GARNER AND ALLARD in the Depart- flowering, even of some tropical plants the rose, as I did at 20 years. The ment's Bureau of Plant Industry carried like certain Nicotiana species, may be ad- nearer I approach the end, the plainer on their classic light experiments a justed to respond to low temperatures. I hear around me the immortal sym- quarter of a century ago with a mam- He tells plant breeders his experience in- phonies of the worlds which invite me. moth variety of tobacco (Nicotiana ta- dicates they should not assume offhand It is marvelous, and it is simple. It is bacum) and demonstrated for the first that the mammoth type of growth, a fairy tale, and it is history. For half time anywhere that the blossoming and caused by inability to flower, is always a century I have been writing my fruiting of many plants is dependent in the result of unfavorable day length. thoughts in prose and in verse; history, one way or another upon the length of Some may keep on growing because the philosophy, drama, romance, tradition, day. The study of light reactions of temperature doesn't get low enough. satire, ode, and song—I have tried all. plants and practical use of knowledge in But I feel I have not said the thousandth this field have gone on increasing and, Marketing services part of what is in me. When I go down as usual, following the unveiling of a to the grave I can say, like so many natural law, further studies have brought CERTAIN PERSONS have been tem- others, "I have finished my day's work." up further questions. porarily indicated for position of admin- But I cannot say "I have finished my Working with another species of to- istrative responsibility in the Agricul- life." My day's work will begin again bacco (Nicotiana rustica) , a wild to- tural Marketing Service, under O. V. the next morning. The tomb is not a bacco, and using a strain into which the Wells, Administrator. This permits im- blind alley; it is a thoroughfare. It mammoth character had been bred and mediate action to further implement closes on the twilight, it opens with the which the experimenters had not suc- Secretary Benson's Memorandum No. dawn. Victor Hugo. ceeded in inducing to flower, Dr. Rob- 1320, Supplement 4, in regard to the Reorganization Plan 2. ert A. Steinberg at the Plant Industry No. Plant improvers Station found that the lengh of day did F. F. Elliott is Deputy Administrator, not determine blossoming but that a Marketing Research and Statistics. WHEAT BREEDER, R. W. Woodward of sufficiently low temperature is what Those who report direct to him are the U. S. Department of Agriculture and starts the formation of buds in this Frederick V. Waugh, Director, Agricul- Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, particular species and sets off the tural Economics Division; S. R. Newell, commenting recently on the plant blooming mechanism. Director, Agricultural Estimates Divi- breeder's job, had this to say:

According to Steinberg, it was the ac- sion; and Harry C. Trelogan, Director, A plant breeder's main job is to improve * * * cident of a coal shortage, making it nec- Marketing Research Division. varieties in one or more ways. It is necessary to have a wide knowledge of re- essary to reduce temperatures in the ex- Roy W. Lennartson is Deputy Admin- lated fields such as plant pathology, ento- perimental greenhouses, that unearthed istrator, Marketing Services. Those who mology, plant physiology, chemistry, etc. this long-buried characteristic of low- report to him are the following direc- In 1925, when I completed college, the wheat disease problems seemed much sim- temperature flowering response. These tors of the respective Divisions, formerly pler than today. Covered smut of wheat, cooled tobacco plants, by their unex- embodied in the Production and Mar- for example, was a simple disease, but by 1932 many races or varieties of covered smut keting Administration: Division, pected blooming, revealed an unsus- Cotton were identified. Now there are at least 32 pected key that turns the flowering E. J. Overby; Dairy Division, Herbert L. well-known races of covered smut of wheat. Some can be controlled one way, some an- for as suitable Forest; Food Distribution Division, switch some plants a other. One great administrator said 23 years length of day does for others. Leonard R. Trainer; Fruit and Vegetable ago, after the release of a smut-resistant variety, "Well, now we have the smut prob- In their efforts to make use of the wild Division, S. R. Smith; Grain Division, lem whipped forever." No one would say tobacco in improving our well known E. J. Murphy; Livestock Division, Harry such a thing today. A breeder must take commercial tobacco, says Steinberg, one E. Reed; Poultry Division, W. D. Ter- into account all of the races of smut when he breeds for resistance. This means per- thing the specialists tried was to trans- mohlen; Tobacco Division, S. E. Wrather. haps 10 to 15 years of tedious work before fer to the wild tobacco the short-day The Assistant Administrator for Man- a single plant of the desired resistance can be combined with good yield, stiff straw, agement is Henry G. Herrell. Associated blooming character, long considered to good quality, and a variety having farmer be linked with the character of mam- to and reporting to him is A. J. Holmaas, appeal. When rust resistance is to be considered, moth size in ordinary tobacco. But the director of the Budget and Finance Divi- there are over 200 races of black stem rust, character of response to the short day sion, W. T. Wolfrey, Jr., Acting Director, over 30 of leaf rust, and a number of stripe did not show up in the crosses; they kept Administrative Services Division, and rust. This year scientists of the West have on growing and did not flower. Then C. K. Morrison, Acting Director, Person- identified two new grain diseases both caused the accident of the fuel shortage showed nel Management Division. Staff officers by viruses—yellow dwarf, spread by aphids; false stripes, spread by mechanical means. Dr. Steinberg that, instead, include Bushrod Allin, as of they re- Chairman They can cause 25 to 35 percent loss. sponded to low temperature. the Outlook Situation Board, and Earl Scientists have scoffed at those who have said their seed had "run out" but now it What seemed to some to have been a E. Houseman, Statistical Clearance Of- is evident such a thing can happen if false change from a short-day character in a ficer. Further designations were to be stripe gets a start and, without being no- ticed, depress growth a fourth to a third. gene to a low-temperature character is made soon. explained by Steinberg as a character But Dr. Woodward ended on an opti- mistic note: "In spite of diseases and that went into this variety of rustica Immortality tobacco when the mammoth character- depleted soil fertility, the average yields istic was bred into it. It was not like YOU SAY that the soul is nothing but in Utah and adjoining States have in- the mammoth characteristic in Mary- the resultant of the bodily powers. Why, creased over the last 20 years, largely as land Mammoth (used in the original then, is my soul more luminous when my a result of research and crop breeding." Garner-Allard discovery) which had bodily powers begin to fail? Winter is blooming associated with length of day, upon my head, but eternal spring is in FIELD ITEMS WANTED

USDA: December 16, 1953 scores of outlying forest regions and at s ners such institutions of the FS as the U. S. Readers' reminders ONE WAY to acquaint our employees Forest Products Laboratory at Madison, Taiwan report issued and outsiders with the special skills and Wis. So, readers are asked to use their Rural Taiwan (Formosa) and Its Problem routine "thrills" which make workdays judgment and knowledge to give due and Promise is a studious survey of the is- land and its resources, industries, and rural more or less rewarding and delightful recognition to persons like these who life under authority of the Chinese American would be to receive more tips to the Ed- often fail to get achievement awards or Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction. Published at Taipei last summer, the bul- itor of USDA from supervisors of per- such public acclaim as well as certain — letin is by Dr. Arthur F. Raper, project- sonnel here and afield. Thus believes the other ones who do. Let's not wait for evaluation adviser with the Mutual Security retiring Editor. anyone to retire before saluting him or Agency—since becoming the FOA. Excellent photographs are included by Marie Jensen, listing One such sketchy was sent in her for daily tasks well done. and much of the subject matter is the work by Dana Parkinson, Chief, Division of of special investigators and contributors the Chinese people. USDA Editor has Information and Education, U.S. Forest among Si no copies available. Service. Some of these "characters" on BIRTHDAYS were always remembered the work staff of FS have been widely Iraq and TCA by Aunt Martha Brown of our old valley. publicized already, but too few have had Lewis Henry Rohrbaugh, director of TCA She had good reason to make birthdays the credit they deserve for doing what programs in Iraq, formerly director of the her hobby and give little parties and USDA Graduate School, has sent in a booklet very ordinary things. to them may seem entitled "Together We Build" which is the presents to commemorate them. Aunt — Just scan the list as an example of what story of the United States technical coopera- Martha had 8 children and 30 grand- tion effort thus far in Iraq. While numerous many of our other agencies could match children, 7 brothers and sisters, and 40 United States and U. N. agencies aided in in human interest: the program, the central responsibility has nephews and nieces, not to mention a few Women in the Dendrology Division been centered in the Iraq Government De- velopment Board that uses revenue from the Doris of her husband's kith and kin worth with extra-interesting jobs are W. oil industry to begin a unique internal remembering. Nobody knows to this day Haynes, a grass expert, who maintains development effort. how many baby outfits and children's the Nation's largest range-plant herbar- garments she made, or layer Hired farm hands ium, and Leta Hughey, accomplished how many cakes, lace doilies, and pink pincushions Special data on migratory farmworkers artist who draws trees and grass to illus- she fashioned against someone's natal along with a study and estimate of the 1952 trate bulletins and instructions. agricultural working force are found in a anniversary in the offing. Finally, after John Sieker, Recreation Division, looks new mimeograph report from the former 40 years or of this happy-birthday Bureau of Agricultural Economics. It's by after welfare of about 25 million more the Louis J. Ducoff, whose preceding labor business, Aunt Martha laid aside her campers and vacation fans who visit the studies have been widely used. needles and mixing bowls for national forests and parks. Lloyd Swift, good and Crested wheatgrass Wildlife Division, knows where the "deer went to the cemetery at the foot of Hill. H. G. Reynolds and H. W. Springfield, and the antelope play" because he su- Bender's But no grave in all our valley ever received the attention and range conservationists at Forest Service's pervises the residents of the animal Southwestern Forest and Range Station at floral decorations that hers did, for the kingdom in the national forests. Tucson, Ariz., have written Farmers' Bulletin kids and parents and old folks whose 2056, giving experimental findings from 30 Walter Dutton, Grazing Division, years' wheatgrass culture as a valuable birthdays might be called a Federal "boss cowboy" she had never overlooked addition to the ranges. Seeding and cul- tural directions are included. Interested since he rides herd on the annual graz- banded together and made a vow. Each readers may write for copies. one agreed to place a bouquet, ivy, or ing of some 9 million head of livestock an carried on the national-forest ranges. a potted plant on Aunt Martha's ceme- Reducing expenditures tery lot every time his or her own birth- Two men in Timber Management Divi- Secretary Benson has called attention to sion could be subjects of attention also. day rolled around. With all and sundry the existing ceiling on the public debt which relations conniving that way you can makes it essential to cut Federal expenditures Ira J. Mason handles the production of in the fiscal year 1954. He calls for careful resting about 15 percent of the Nation's lumber imagine that her placed looked scrutiny of all phases of the administrative like a pretty good spot to stay in—for program, including reducing inventories, supply taken from the public preserves. travel obligations, equipment purchases, and His coworker, James W. Farrell, looks even the winter birthdays got attention, restriction of commitments for direct loans, advances, mortgage purchases, and insur- after the planting of new trees to replace unless there was a blizzard or a road- ance of loans. Agency heads are advised to block. By this time maybe the interest is those harvested or burned—perhaps up make all employees in their offices aware of expenses. to 45 million trees each year. playing out a little, but the real memory the necessity for reducing of how good and kind Aunt Martha was Seth Jackson, FS Safety Officer, is in Peanut sampling midst of constant programs to reduce will stay with all us oldtimers of the the Under the peanut price support program the heavy losses of life and limb so valley long after the last relative has laid the taking of representative samples of peanut stocks is necessary to deter- common to woods workers everywhere. his birthday token on her final home of farmers' mine the quality of a given lot. State PMA earth. C. A. Gustafson, Fire Control Division, Committees are procuring the equipment runs an 8,000-man fire department and with approved specifications to do the job Promote pecans plus right. For stored bulk peanuts they use is alert to perfecting new devices and sampling tubes and for sacked peanuts sam- doubled in the methods that will save more timber from Our pecan production has pling horns are used. Such special designed last 20 years, mostly through increased yields equipment affords the only good way of draw- fierce blaze and do it with a minimum per acre. Dr. John R. Magness, director of ing suitable samples. tax on manpower and materials. USDA horticultural research, cites the pecan as an example of what steady research ap- Film mailing Finally, there is R. D. Garver, Forest plied to the welfare of a crop can do. By Economics. His job is to direct the For- applying research findings of Federal and Offices handling film and other visual aids State workers, pecan growers are now able should note the information in Budget and est Survey, which is an inventory of the to control both the rosette disease and the Finance Memorandum No. 5, Supplement 95, timber resources of the entire Nation. black pecan aphid. Research has also re- dated October 6. It concerns recent revisions the postal laws under which certain of Several others equally able and charged vealed nutrient requirements and soil man- in agement practices necessary for increased these materials can be sent at considerably with equal responsibility are found in pecan yields. reduced rates.

USDA: December 16, 1953 With the Romans Brief and choice New Editor Dr. P. V. Cardon, USDA Graduate School, the United States nominee for the post of The EDITOR of USDA beginning next Honor for Mrs. Collison Director General of Food and Agriculture Organization, accompanied U. S. Delegate issue will be Roy E. Miller, Office of In- Mrs. William E. Collison, Washington, D. C. John H. Davis and Alternate Delegate Ralph received one of the first alumni citations formation. Mr. Miller was born on a S. Roberts to the meeting of the FAO in granted by Oberlin College at a banquet Missouri farm, throughout most of Rome, Italy. Advisers to the United States and there in October 1953. She is a member of delegates will also include Dr. F. F. Elliott. his professional career has owned or the home economics staff of USDA, and is a Agricultural Marketing Service; Dr. Hazel K. leader of physiological studies of vitamin operated a farm. He was graduated professor-lecturer at Stiebeling, Chief, former Bureau of Human research. She is also a from the School of Journalism, Univer- Howard University. Mrs. Collison received Nutrition and Home Economics; Verne L. the USDA distinguished service award in Harper, Assistant Chief, Forest Service; Dr. sity of Missouri, and studied soils and S. B. Fracker, Assistant to May 1951. the Agricultural Research Service Administrator; as well as horticulture at the University of Cali- Robert C. Tetro and Thomas A. Street, For- fornia. Reporting for California news- USDA club speakers eign Agricultural Service, and Francis A. papers, he soon specialized in farm news Outside authorities often are invited to Flood, Agricultural Counselor to the U. S. address meetings of the USDA Club members Embassy at Rome. and farm pages, and in writing for the at various branch locations. Examples of a agricultural press. He became inter- featured during the is out few such recent speakers Cross-compliance ested in production and marketing of past few months are these: Andrew Cole- Cross-compliance with existing basic crop bank, Federal Milk Market Administrator, at fruit, particularly in the work of the allotments on any farm where more than Chicago USDA Club meeting; Dr. H. C. farm cooperatives. In 1920 he one allotment is in effect is no longer re- was Ramsower, director of extension emeritus. quired. Previous to a recent revised order, named editor of the "Associated Grower" Ohio State University, at Columbus Chapter the rule was that all producers must keep in meeting; Dr. R. G. Gustavson, chancellor. magazine, at Fresno, where he served strict compliance with all basic agricultural University of Nebraska, at Denver USDA commodity acreage allotments so as to get statewide groups of producers' coopera- Chapter; John D. Black, Harvard University, price support on any of them. All that re- at Knoxville USDA Chapter; Dr. O. J. Sco- tives for 5 years. Another 5 years was mains now is to adhere to allotments set for vllle, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, at given to business, advertising, any one basic crop, but not for all the others and farm- Lincoln USDA Chapter; Hy Goldberg, Forest too. Ask USDA Editor for No. 2794. ing operations in the West and the Mid- Service, at Milwaukee USDA Chapter; Dale H. Sieling. dean of agriculture, University of west. He resumed newspaper work in Boatman is retiring Massachusetts, at Western Mass. USDA Chap- California until 1930, when he received ter; T. Roy Reid of Office of Personnel, at J. L. Boatman, consultant on soil and O. Hen- a civil service appointment to do public Albuquerque USDA Chapter; and C. water problems in the Extension Service, will Chapter. derson, Pers, at Boston USDA retire December 31. He and Mrs. Boatman relations work for the U. S. Forest Serv- will reside in Iowa. During Mr. Boatman's ice. In Washington, he was assigned to Reorganization helpers more than 30 years with USDA and allied press releases and to writing feature ar- organizations, he has made a remarkable the At the request of the Department, contribution to agricultural progress. Be- ticles on forestry subjects. assigned U. S. Civil Service Commission has fore joining the Department in 1939, Mr. arising In 1937 he transferred to the office of personnel to assist with problems Boatman was regional agronomist for the present reorganization. These from the men Soil Conservation Service in five Midwestern Dr. M. C. Merrill, Chief of Publications, are Nicholas J. Oganovic, Nat Shinderman, States. From 1921 to 1925 he was on the in Office Morris. been doing the of Information, as scientific and Willard They have staff of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Office Personnel. writer. duty in the USDA of Station and later was with their extension editor and special He became service. The Boatmans expect to spend the chief of the Editorial Section in 1940, on Coult retires warmer seasons in Iowa and then sojourn in May retirement of Edwin C. Powell. This parts of the South during the winters. Miss May Coult, long known as a foreign- position he has held since then, except language expert and USDA translator, has retired after 35 years of Government service. Miss Coon retires for brief periods when he was detailed Her contributions as a member of the For- Miss Ethel L. Coon retired August 31 from to Press Service and to the Savings eign Agricultural Service staff included the Department Library after almost 35 years' Division, translations of highly technical publications Bonds Treasury Department. service. The American Bee Journal com- foreign language into English, thus interest of training from mended her for her work on the bee-culture In the personnel making them available for wider use here. bibliography in 1949. She also contributed for competent writing and editorial work of her noteworthy translations was of One much to the apiculture section of the Bib- Mai Secco, a study of citrus disease, and her in Government services, he has taught liography of Agriculture, as well as to the compilation of a Dictionary of the Cuban Index to the Literature of American Ento- "sundown" classes in the editorial courses Tobacco Industry. She expects to continue mology. Miss Coon will continue to reside at translating work at her home at Peppermint of the Graduate School for several years. 4811 Western Avenue NW., Washington, D. C. Brooks Farm, Auburn, N. H. Last year he rewrote First Aid for Flooded Homes and Farms, and in previ- Detwiler honored Dr. Carter retires years has written bulletins on Dr. E. H. Carter, Inspector in Charge, ous poul- Samuel B. Detwiler, Boulder, Colo., was Virus-Serum Control Division, try subjects. Basically, however, his among a group who received citations for USDA's outstanding achievements from the Univer- Omaha, Nebr., retired October 31. He had interest has been in pushing through for 46 years, sity of Minnesota in October 1953. Mr. Det- been with the Department and in charge the virus-serum control good readable copy for the numerous wiler is an authority on forestry in erosion of work control. He retired from the Department a at Omaha since 1932. Department publications on the applica- few years ago after 40 years of service. He tion of research findings to agriculture. was a member of the first class to be grad- E. R. Sasscer retires uated from the Minnesota School of Forestry in 1906. E. R. Sasscer, first appointed as a scientific aid in the plant-quarantine field of USDA in DECEMBER 16,1953; Vol.XII7No.25 1904, and world wide authority on plant- Elderly alumni USDA is published fortnightly for distribu- quarantine work, retired October 31. With tion to employees only, by direction of the L. A. Buell, Holly. Mich., wrote lately that the passage of the Plant Quarantine Act in Secretary of Agriculture, and with approval he entered Michigan State College at East 1912, he had a major responsibility in setting of the Directe of the Bureau of the Budget Lansing in 1879 and graduated with the class up suitable controls. He did basic research (July 1, 1952), as containing administrative of 1883. This makes him the oldest living in developing vacuum fumigation with hy- information required for the proper transac- Michigan alumnus of the college. Editor drocyanic gas which led to modern plant- tion of the public business. Retirees who Milon Grinnell of Michigan Farmer states quarantine fumigation methods. In May write the editor requesting it may continue that Liberty Hyde Bailey of New York grad- 1953 Mr. Sasscer received the distinguished- to get USDA. Please write instead of phon- uated just 1 year earlier than Mr. Buell. service award. He plans to continue the ing whenever possible; for rush orders call Another oldtime student of that institution work he has begun on a summary of the Ext. 2058. Elwood R. Mclntyre, Editor of Information, Department of is Henry V. Clare of Clearwater, Kans. He more important features of Federal plant- USD. , office of is 94 and graduated in 1878. quarantine development. Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C.

0. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: I95S irrigation and domestic use to be ex- %%mi THIS COPY pected from different sides of a forested it(lH> mountain, one side of which had been denuded by forest fire. Others depict field demonstrations, increased produc- o tion and profits from a well-irrigated farm, a working plan of watershed man- agement for good water supplies, and 2 contrast of rainfall penetration and water retention on forested and denuded 3 tebtit areas. Relief models of the Coweeta 4 * FOR DECEMBER 30, 1953 watershed project in North Carolina and the Sand Creek headwaters conservation project in Oklahoma were parts of the resources conservation exhibit. ment's small-watershed protection pro- President views exhibit gram is undertaking to carry out the pro- PRESIDENT EISENHOWER inspected gram outlined by the President in his Two southern strawberries the Department of Agriculture conserva- message delivered to the Congress last Seedling crosses by USDA plant breeders tion exhibit in the Patio November 30. July. In that message, the President and associated experiment stations have re- With Secretary Benson and members of stated: sulted in the release of two valuable new strawberry varieties—Dixieland and Poca- his staff, the President studied pictorial "Conserving and improving our land hontas. The former variety was developed and mechanical devices designed to show and water resources is high priority by USDA and the North Carolina Experiment Station and is a high-yielding early variety methods of protecting and making the business for all of us. . . . Such a pro- tested for use from New Jersey to Carolina best use of soil, water, and forest and gram is indispensable to maintaining and west to Arkansas. It rates high for the range resources that are our common and improving our standard of living as frozen-package trade. Pocahontas under heritage. we make the future secure for a growing replicated plantings at Beltsville, Md., made 474 crates of 24 quarts per acre, and it also Many units of the Department partici- America." rates well for the frozen-package trade. The pated with the Exhibits Service in as- Grouped about the map were other dis- Virginia Truck Experiment Station cooper- in its recent release. plants are sembling the displays. Each piece is plays, one showing the steps necessary ated No obtainable from USDA or the cooperating mounted and available for display else- to getting a work program underway. stations. Some cooperating nurseries will where. Another indicated the water supply for have a few plants for sale. Specially prepared for the Conser- vation "show" was the 28-foot-long painting demonstrating conservation treatment for small watersheds. This painting lies on the floor and is viewed from a platform, so that it simulates an aerial view of the watershed. Shading also brings out the relief, or lay of the land. Small floodwater-retarding struc- tures are shown in relation to soil con- servation and dependence of towns and industries on water supply. The exhibit is one of a series planned by the Depart- ment for the Patio. Secretary Benson said that resource conservation is best done by treating an entire watershed as a unit. Teamwork of all Department facilities—research, edu- cation, and technical assistance—make a program effective. Such a program also requires cooperative effort among farmers and places responsibility on the Department for constructive leadership. The Department's work involves human relationships, economic factors, and pub- lic welfare, as well as the physical con- ditions depicted in the exhibit. The national soil and water conservation pro- gram will help stabilize farm production, reduce damage from floods and sediment, President Eisenhower and Department of Agriculture officials study miniature and pictures of and improve the quality and reliability Coweeta Basin indicating resource conservation practices at the headwaters of streams. of water supplies. Front row, left to right, Assistant Secretary J. Earl Coke, President Eisenhower, Secretary Secretary Benson said that the Depart- of Agriculture Ezra Taft Benson, and Under Secretary True D. Morse.

283334° —53 Home from Australia retirement Here's the "Green Book" Rural Kenneth M. Gapen, Assistant Director of Information, in "STRENGTHENING American Agricul- A NOTICEABLE LAG is evident in the charge of radio and tele- vision, is back in Washington after con- ture Through Resource Conservation" is acceptance of retirement by workers in ferring with about 250 radio and agricultural the name of a neat new Green Book, Pro- rural areas. Farm folks, it is pointed leaders, also leaders at the experiment sta- tions and in the field. He found conditions gram Aid No. 237, that tells essential out, value work as an end in itself, and good, and life enjoyable, but the first thing things about the USDA program of soil, many are reluctant to withdraw volun- he asked for in San Francisco was a piece of American pie! water, forest, and range conservation. tarily from the labor force as they grow In a brief foreword, Secretary Ezra Taft older. Benson invites full and frank discussion But our rural sociologists give a better Marble halls to Main Street of views and goals. reason for it. They say that life in the Resource conservation is recognized as country permits a reduced activity with- ONLY excuse for soliciting suffi- MY one of the foundation blocks in the struc- out the actual quitting of tasks. More- cient space herein from your new editor, ture of the national economy. Stand- over, various current pension plans and Roy Miller, is to let our readers know ards of living in towns and cities as well social-security legislation have not about a fine thing that to happened me as on farms depend on protection and hitherto rural- put much emphasis on as the time drew nigh for me to ex- improvement of these resources. There community retirement benefits. In change office space in a marble hall for are more people to feed, clothe, and cities where most of the jobs are covered a humble spot somewhere on Main house, and there is continuing need to by existing plans for pensions and assist- Street, Midwest. increase production per acre. ance benefits, the case has been dif- On November 25 the thoughtful per- put the land to the uses to which ferent at least in a material sense. To — sonnel of the Office of Information and it is best suited will require the most Yet, despite these basic facts, there has its allied editors and writers in the De- modern technologies. Final responsibil- been substantial increase in a the num- partment staged a farewell party for ity is placed on the owner of the land. ber of retired persons living in rural Yours Truly on the sound stage of the Locally organized and locally directed areas. part of this Some now happen- Motion Picture Service. Director Web- groups, like soil conservation districts, ing in rural communities is traceable to ster made a gracious little speech re- provide effective mechanisms for pro- the migration of urban retirees who ferring to the period 20 years ago when ductive programs. Federal and State choose to spend their remaining years of my first USDA employment occurred, agencies are responsible for assistance maturity in the pleasant or (to some) and my subsequent service. He there- and leadership. familiar surroundings of rural life. upon handed a superduper noiseless me The Green Book lists three main re- But it is observed that problems arise portable typewriter, a gift from several source-conservation jobs to do: (1) Ac- from this shift of retirees countryward. score of the employees, of all levels and research and education, so Sometimes the communities do not read- celerate both all branches—hoping that it would help that improvements can be passed quickly ily accept or absorb them well. Again me to "continue to click." Owing to to those who need them. (2) Improve it is noted that the newcomers do not surprise, the I was not in the best of technical aid to landowners and opera- always fit as well into the rural scene as form for making acknowledgement, be- tors in applying conservation plans, acre they are expected to. cause smoke somehow gets into your acre, watershed by watershed. Thus the emergence of the retirement by and eyes when the incense of friendship leadership problem in rural communities often (3) Encourage local such as burns so high. only Although 25 per- is provided by soil conservation districts, makes itself felt in the communities cent of my working life has been spent watershed organizations, and other com- themselves. It remains a direct chal- in their association, far more than such munity and neighborhood teams of lenge to such communities to make good portion of my happiest experiences re- people. use of the migrants. Many of them have volve around the kind folks and gentle This resource-conservation program successfully met the issue by organized people of the USDA.—E. R. McIntyre. high-priority. copy of the Green planning in the growing field of geron- has A be obtained by writing to In- tology, or the science of welfare for the Book can quiries and Distribution, OI. elderly. Retirees bring a wide range of Giddings, virus scientist, retires skills and experience, and older adults Dr. Nahum J. Giddings, senior pathologist can well contribute to many phases of of the Division of Sugar Plant Investigations, Wind velocity test at Riverside, Calif., retired November 30, community life—both in work and play. after 24 years in Government, spent mostly Not exactly a machine-age test, possibly, is suggestion More and more American communities in research on curly top, the virus disease but sort of "rule of thumb" a that once threatened extinction of the west- forwarded by folks who want to know the are being geared to welcome Father Time before starting ern beet sugar industry. Born in Ira, Vt., lower velocities of the wind as keenly as they smooth the pathway educated at the Universities of Vermont and to dust crops. Toss a handful of dust or blow smoke into the air. Then walk down- for the busy stork. Wisconsin, he specialized on plant viruses. He discovered that curly top virus breaks up wind with the cloud of dust or smoke. If into strains, some more virulent than others, you can keep up with it easily at a slow walk, hour. Plaque for Dr. Jones that strain 11 injures the most resistant the wind is moving at about 2 miles per If it takes a fast walk to do it, the velocity Dr. Donald F. Jones, renowned hybrid corn varieties known, emphasizing the need for of the wind is about 4 miles; and when you breeder and geneticist of the Connecticut continued breeding research. must run to keep up with the smoke or dust Experiment Station, was presented a plaque With other virus diseases, presence of one it's going at 10 miles an hour and all virus strain within a plant either precludes cloud, by Secretary Ezra Taft Benson on behalf of dusting should be stopped. the New England Council. November 20. invasion of the plant by a related virus strain with the development of the The plaque reads: "In recognition of an or interferes Possibly the "first" almost immeasurable contribution to the second virus. Giddings found that the var- Late in November there appeared what world's food supply by the development of ious curly top strains are mutually compati- seems to have been the first official report double-crossed hybrid corn. With an imag- ble, a sugar beet plant being able to harbor out in which carried the imprint ination which delved below and soared above numerous strains. He was acting dean of put USDA "Commodity Stabilization Service" instead the findings of his predecessors, he trans- the College of Agriculture, West Virginia and Marketing Administration. lated the learning of the laboratory into the University, 1921-22 and 1927-28, and was vice of Production Fertilizer Situation for fruitfulness of the field." Secretary Benson president of the American Phytopathological It is entitled "The Mobiliza- was the principal speaker at breakfast in Society in 1922. He is the author of more 1953-54," 11th in a series, by the Boston. Members and 6 governors attended. than 50 important technical contributions. tion Activities Branch, CSS.

USDA: December 30, 1953 —

Good news from Kingstree Readers' reminders Economy aids discovery OUT OF KINGSTREE, South Carolina, LACK OP FUNDS made a change neces- Improving a stick comes a remarkable story of improve- sary in the management of the Bureau A single improved log-grading stick for in rural housing. A year ago, the of Dairy Industry herd from a schedule ment use as a visual aid in grading hardwood of 3-times-daily milkings for a General Education Board extended as- factory logs has been devised jointly by spe- 365-day cialists South- 2 sistance to Negro farm women in estab- at the Northeastern and the lactation period to a system of milkings eastern Forest Experiment Stations. De- daily for the first 305 days of the lacta- lishing and equipping a demonstration tailed full-scale plans for this log-grading house where small groups of the home- aid can be obtained from the Northeastern tion period. This led to the discovery Forest Experiment Station, 102 Motors live for 5 days and learn the that adjustment figures used widely by makers Avenue, Upper Darby, Pa., or the Southeast- research workers for converting latest homemaking methods in a modern ern Forest Experiment Station, 223 Federal many Building, P. O. Box 2570, Asheville, N. C. varying length house. milk records of to a com- This model house serves as a weekly New issues from GPO mon standard are faulty and of little practical value. vacation cottage for 4 or 5 women, ac- The Superintendent of Documents, Gov- ernment Office, of in- companied by their county home demon- Printing has a couple To maintain the continuity of experi- teresting folder announcements. Ask their mental results during their changeover stration agent. Each homemaker per- office for a special folder with titles of pub- 3 2 milkings forms a different household chore every lications on electronics—radar, electricity, from to daily, the usual and radio and TV. They have also just an- adjustment figures were applied to the day, and studies modern homemaking nounced a comprehensive review of all and the use of modern equipment. United States postage stamps from the first records. The result showed the fallacy adhesive issued in 1847, through June 30, the planners expected, when the of reliance on these standards for com- As 1953. This illustrated paper-bound booklet paring records made under different women go home they miss the modern costs 65 cents. methods. factors used kitchen, or the washing machine, the management The Credit for youth bathroom, or other modern conveniences, were 0.7 for adjusting downward from 3 Outlines of the proper thinking and in- times 365 days to 2 times 305 and they are seldom satisfied until they formation sources on numerous current and and days, the figure 1.42 for the opposite acquire most of these facilities for their financial problems facing farm youth have and been assembled in a Leaders Guide for Credit upward adjustment. own homes. Work with 4-H Clubs and YMW groups. Sherman Briscoe, of the Office of In- Why we use money and credit, how credit Cows that made the records under helps beginning farmers, how loans are ob- formation, spent some hours at the dem- both systems were used to make the com- tained and where to apply these are some of — parison. When their 2-times milking onstration house, enjoyed the home com- the contents. James L. Robinson is the records forts and well-cooked meals. Most of author. It is Circular E-39, revised, by Farm 305-day were adjusted to 3 times Credit Administration in cooperation with daily on a 365-day basis, the result was the food came from the excellent garden the Extension Service. Write for copies to about 3,000 pounds back of the cottage. Mrs. Marian B. FCA's Information and Extension Division. more milk and 108 pounds more butterfat than when they Paul, State supervisor of Negro home Conservation meetings were actually milked 3 times a day for demonstration work and founder of the Tips for the small local study club inter- demonstration house, read progress re- ested in broad angles of the conservation 365 days. Just as obvious an error is picture are found in a circular by Forest seen in ports 17 county agents. As adjustments the other way from home Service, How To Hold a Good Conservation from 3 times daily and 365 days to 2 a result of living a week in the house, Meeting, 6 pages processed. Topics and sug- gested time sheets are included. times daily and 305 days. It 30 women had bathtubs installed in their program showed Write direct to Forest Service's Division of about 2,000 pounds less milk and 80 homes, and more than 40 had modern- Education and Information. pounds less fat ized their kitchens. Some housewives than the cows actually, Sugar facts had built their own kitchen cabinets and made when they were milked 2 times USDA's Sugar Branch has issued agricul- daily for 305 days. laid tile on their floors. Mrs. Paul be- ture Information Bulletin No. Ill, a full lieves that more than a fourth of the discussion of the existing sugar program administered in the Department. Some his- 21,000 Negro owners in South Car- Honor for Dr. Weber, Judge farm torical backgrounds leading to the present Director A. D. Weber of the Kansas Experi- olina will have modern kitchens and form of legislation and the experiences of ment Station and dean of the College of growers and processors under its terms and bathrooms in the next 5 years. Many Agriculture, Kansas State College, served for conditions are included. of the farmers are also painting their his sixth year as judge at the International For mountain shepherds Livestock Exposition held in Chicago early houses and putting them into first-class this month. He has been invited to serve condition. Circular No. 925 deals with profitable man- as judge at the Smithfield Show in London, agement of the 65 million acres of winter the first American so honored in connection Some of the Negro farmers attribute range in the intermountain country, where with this important British event. their progress in part to diversified farm- 4 to 5 million sheep graze each winter. In- Dr. Weber was graduated from Kansas State College, taught there and at Nebraska, ing. Part of the money from the differ- creasing Forage Yields and Sheep Production on Intermountain Winter Ranges is by and took his Ph. D. degree at Purdue Univer- ent crops enables to them keep up steady Hutchings and Stewart, Forest Service range sity. He has long had a national reputation for his ability in judging cattle, especially improvement of the home. Similar im- conservationists. Write Office of Informa- fat steers. Prior to choosing Dr. Weber, the tion. provement was noted by Mr. Briscoe in International Livestock Exhibition had called Georgia and Florida. in British judges. Dr. Weber, however, was Windbreakers selected again and again. He has been hon- Circular No. 924 has a wealth of informa- ored as judge in many other exhibitions in Passing of Dr. Rice tion about establishment of shelterbelts in the United States and in Latin America, and Prof. Emeritus James E. Rice, perhaps the almost treeless region of the Great his portrait was placed in the Saddle and Sirloin Club in Chicago. He was also twice the best known educator in poultry sub- Plains. It is by Ernest J. George, silvicul- elected president of the American Society of jects in the country, died in October at 88 turist with the Agricultural Research Serv- of college Animal Production. years. He was the first head a ice at U. S. Northern Great Plains Field Sta- poultry department and remained at his post tion, Mandan, N. Dak. The title is "Thirty- for 31 years, retiring in 1934. He remained Iddings Fellowship one Year Results in Growing Shelterbelts on active all his life and he was called "a small, The University of Idaho has established the Northern Great Plains." It's listed for sandy -haired man coming by rapidly and the Edward J. and Maud R. Iddings Research sale going everywhere." Dr. Rice was hired for by the Superintendent of Documents. Fellowship in Agriculture. It carries a grant the job at Cornell by the then dean, Dr. Government Printing Office, for 25 cents per of $1,000. Dean Emeritus Iddings has served Liberty Hyde Bailey. copy. agriculture at Idaho for 35 years.

USDA: December 30, 1953 —

New Antibiotic found Farm facts first Happy days, Mac! Another antibiotic with great promise in NO GREATER need exists today in agri- curing plant diseases has been discovered THE ABSENCE of Elwood R. Mclntyre's by Bacteriologists Elizabeth McCoy, W. H. courageous, objective name from the editorial line of USDA culture than a Peterson, and Robert M. Smith, at the lab- presentation of the economics of farm oratories of the College of Agriculture. Uni- is sure to be noted. "Mac's" counsel was Wisconsin. It's called "oligomy- policy, Secretary of Agriculture Ezra versity of always valuable to fellow employees, and cin." It has characteristics not shared by Taft Benson recently told the conven- other drugs in the antibiotic family of mold often sought. His energetic direction of tion of the Association of Land-Grant derivatives. It is harmless to bacteria but USDA has set a new high mark. In his seems to destroy numerous kinds of plant retirement to Madison, Wis., it is hoped Colleges and Universities. fungi. For some time scientists have tried "The challenge is yours—the obliga- to find a way to control plant fungi without that Elwood Mclntyre will enjoy again unduly harming helpful bacteria. An anti- tion also," the Secretary declared. "All and again the living satisfactions of biotic that is selective in its work and will taxpayers who are sincerely interested attack fungi should be a real boon to control "Our Valley." That he will only bask in the future welfare of this great land numerous destructive plant diseases not yet in the sun on the nostalgic sweet-scented thoroughly controlled. Oligomycin in pre- prairie, we can hardly believe; his in- will applaud such efforts. liminary trials seems to meet this goal. "If the people understand what can More careful studies are being made at the terest in farm life and agricultural ad- laboratory at Madison with this new anti- for agriculture vancement is too deep-seated for him and what cannot be done biotic. by Government, they will be less likely to sit idly by. to demand of their legislators and of Mid-Century look-ahead Mr. Mclntyre became editor of the their Secretary of Agriculture those The Mid-Century Conference on Resources USDA in September 1951, succeeding for the Future, held in Washington in De- things which are impossible to fulfill. cember, was concerned with production, T. Swann Harding. For nearly 20 years "I have profound faith in the judg- research on natural resources, and coopera- he had worked successively as cartoonist, tion. The project is carried on under a facts. writer and editor for newspapers, edi- ment of people who have the Let Ford Foundation grant. Dr. H. C. Knoblauch torial assistant to Andy Hopkins at the us help them learn the facts. . . . Only and Dr. W. H. Garman, who attended from OES, report that several other USDA agen- in this course can you meet the chal- University of Wisconsin, and State edi- cies were represented. lenge of farmers today. ... I ask only tor of the Wisconsin Farmer. In 1933 that you do not shirk the responsibility ARI-Agricultural Board he came to the United States Depart- of helping farmers and the public gen- At the second annual meeting of the ment of Agriculture with Secretary Agricultural Research Institute Agriculture — Henry A. Wallace Chester Davis. erally to gain a true understanding of Board, November 23-24, Assistant Secretary and He the facts involved in agricultural policies of Agriculture J. Earl Coke was guest speaker. was assigned to the Office of Informa- Research Administrator B. T. Shaw, and and programs. tion, and as special assistant to the President J. H. Hilton, of Iowa State College "For the welfare of America, each also spoke. The new officers elected are: Secretary, he wrote dairy-information president, P. D. V. Manning, International citizen must develop a keener sense of articles for AAA. He returned to Wis- Binerals and Chemicals Corp.; vice president, consin in 1935 served responsibility for the solution of public Dr. B. S. Clark, American Can Co.; secretary, and on the Wis- questions all public questions both Dr. M. Bethke, Ralston-Purina Co. Many consin Farmer and the Wisconsin Agri- station directors were in attendance. within and outside of agriculture. culturist until he reentered the Depart- Milk off-flavor review ment, March 1945, as a member of the

Off-flavor of milk is one of the big prob- Office of Information. In Press Service, lems of the dairyman. Anyone hitherto at- he was assigned to Farm Paper Letter Brief and choice tempting to make a real study of this ques- tion and the cause and cure (if any) of these and other duties, becoming editor of DHIA Records objectionable flavors in milk faced a maze USDA in 1951. His basic rural humanity of references based on research and opinion. Figuring that the cost of feed for a dairy is tries together reflected in his "Said on the Side" cow is about half the annual maintenance A new review which to bring cost, the dairy herd improvement associa- brief summaries of principal findings of more column and uncounted articles in the than 300 research reports on off-flavors in tion cows making only 5,000 pounds of milk USDA, and in his Jeff MacDermid ar- a year showed only $5 profit to their owners. milk and give a ready reference to such arti- ticles in "Better Plant The dairy herd improvement association cles has been issued. D. R. Strobel. W. G. Crops With Bryan, and J. Babcock, dairy specialists in cows as a whole averaged 9,192 pounds of C. Foods," a series that has lasted since the Stabilization Service, are milk in 1952. They consumed $165 worth Commodity the authors. 1927. He types with a "human touch." of feed and returned $234 over feed cost, a net income of $69 per cow. Chicken, Delaware What to call them Proved bulls "Delaware Chicken from Coast to Coast" Assistant Secretary Coke has reminded the Last year the artificial breeding units in is the title of a new leaflet containing rec- heads of agencies that the correct titles for the country or leased bulls. ipes, tips on buying and keeping chicken, owned 2,598 top individuals in the Department by various Fully 953. or about 37 percent, had proved- and the place of chicken in the diet. The classifications are important to remember. sire records. Their daughters had averaged Delaware is one of the. newer breeds, devel- It's the Administrator of a Service. The 11.176 pounds of milk and 473 pounds of oped particularly for meat production. Director of a Division, the Chief of a Branch, butterfat, compared with 10,375 pounds of Director G. M. Worrilow says the leaflet is the Head of a Section, and the Supervisor of milk and 429 of butterfat produced part of the coordinated effort of the Exten- pounds a Unit. by the dams of these cows. sion Service and the Delaware State Poultry Commission. Talks on Latin America M. W. Baker retires December 30, 1953; Vol. XII, No. 26 Keith Himebaugh, former Director of In- formation, home from his 2-year mission to M. W. Baker, who has been serving as USDA is published fortnightly for distribu- Central and South America where he went Deputy Director of the Fruit and Vegetable tion to employees only, by direction of the in connection with extension programs, gave Branch of PMA. retired November 20, after Secretary of Agriculture, and with approval a report to the USDA's chapter of Alpha serving the Department for 30 years. He is of the Director of the Bureau of the Budget Zeta, November 19. a native of Jamestown, N. Y. After a period (July 1, 1952), as containing administrative of school teaching and farming, Mr. Baker information required for the proper transac- "Milestones" joined the Department in fruit and vegetable tion of the public business. Retirees who marketing inspection at Pittsburgh, Pa., in write the editor requesting it may continue A new periodical, Milestones, is announced 1923. In 1944 he was put in charge of all to get USDA. Please write instead of phon- by the College of Agriculture at Storrs. Conn. ing whenever possible; for rush orders call Director W. B. Young says the publication such operations in the midwest area. He 2058. B. Miller, Editor of USDA, will come popular style—"keeping farm folks transferred from Chicago to Washington in Ext. Roy informed to help them make the decisions 1946. Mr. Baker will take charge of private Office of Information, Department of Agri- that are necessary" for continued progress. business interests at Columbus, Ohio. culture, Washington 25, D. C.

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1953