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Sojans Roll I Världen Linköpings universitet | Institution för fysik, kemi och biologi Kandidatuppsats, 18 hp | Programområde: Bioteknik Vårterminen 2019 | LITH-IFM-G-EX—19/3708--SE Sojans Roll i Världen Anton Andersson Astrid Berg Emil Rådkvist Sara Wennerberg Jacob von Zweigbergk Examinator, Anders Hargeby Handledare, Karl-Olof Bergman Datum Avdelning, institution Division, Department Date 2019-06-24 Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Linköping University Språk Rapporttyp ISBN Language Report category Svenska/Swedish Licentiatavhandling ISRN: LITH-IFM-G-EX--19/3708--SE Engelska/English Kandidatprojekt _________________________________________________________________ C-uppsats Serietitel och serienummer ISSN D-uppsats Title of series, numbering ______________________________ ________________ Övrig rapport _____________ URL för elektronisk version Titel Title Sojans Roll i Världen/Soy’s Role in the World Författare Author Anton Andersson, Astrid Berg, Emil Rådkvist, Sara Wennberg & Jacob von Zweigbergk Sammanfattning Abstract The soybean has become one of the world's largest agricultural commodities, with growth in soybean production being driven by two prime demands, animal feed and food products. The purpose of this report is to analyze the role of the soybean in the world and study its consumption in order to make a projection of future demand. The report is based on literature and data from previous studies and public databases, and the main way of analyzing the role of soybean production is through valuation of the ecosystem services lost in conversion to cropland. Argentina, Brazil and the USA are the main producers of soybean, and as such they were the focus of the production segment. In all these countries the conversion rate of natural ecosystems was found to be high, with losses of ecosystem services as a result. Demand showed steady growth and the projection indicated that it would continue to grow, creating the question of where to convert natural habitat to new cropland. The result shows there is a lack of such suitable land, and hence a reduced demand is the only viable solution. As animal feed is the main driver of demand, the conclusion is that the main way of reducing demand is to change our eating habits and reducing animal products in our diets. Nyckelord Keyword 2 Soybean, Ecosystem services, Conversion of natural ecosystem, USA, Brazil, Argentina, Glycine max, Soybean Consumption Innehållsförteckning Innehållsförteckning ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Sammanfattning ............................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Inledning .................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Bakgrund.............................................................................................................................................. 7 1.2 Syfte ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 2. Metod ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Avgränsningar ...................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Konsumtion................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 Användningsområden ................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.3 Bearbetning ................................................................................................................................. 10 2.1.4 Produktion................................................................................................................................... 11 3. Resultat .................................................................................................................................................... 12 3.1 Produktion.......................................................................................................................................... 12 3.1.1 Sojabönsvarianter ....................................................................................................................... 12 3.1.2 Odlingsmark ............................................................................................................................... 12 3.1.3 Seeding rate och Radarrangering ................................................................................................ 13 3.1.4 Näringsämnen ............................................................................................................................. 14 3.1.5 Politiska aspekter och policys ..................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Ekonomisk värdering av ekosystemtjänster ...................................................................................... 18 3.2.1 Ekosystemtjänster ....................................................................................................................... 19 3.2.2 USA - Sojabönsodling och ekosystemtjänster ............................................................................ 22 3.2.3 Brasilien ...................................................................................................................................... 28 3.2.4 Argentina .................................................................................................................................... 39 3.3 Konsumtion........................................................................................................................................ 47 3.3.1 Generellt/globalt om konsumtionen ........................................................................................... 47 3.3.2 Djurfoder ..................................................................................................................................... 50 3.3.3 Livsmedel ................................................................................................................................... 51 3.3.4 Konsumtionstrender .................................................................................................................... 53 4. Diskussion................................................................................................................................................ 56 4.1 Konsumtionstrender ........................................................................................................................... 56 4.2 Hur ska konsumtionstrenderna bemötas? .......................................................................................... 57 3 5. Referenslista ............................................................................................................................................ 60 6. Appendix.................................................................................................................................................. 71 6.1 Appendix 1 - Sammanställning av data från FAOSTAT................................................................... 71 4 Abstract The soybean has become one of the world's largest agricultural commodities, with growth in soybean production being driven by two prime demands, animal feed and food products. The purpose of this report is to analyze the role of the soybean in the world and study its consumption in order to make a projection of future demand. The report is based on literature and data from previous studies and public databases, and the main way of analyzing the role of soybean production is through valuation of the ecosystem services lost in conversion to cropland. Argentina, Brazil and the USA are the main producers of soybean, and as such they were the focus of the production segment. In all these countries the conversion rate of natural ecosystems was found to be high, with losses of ecosystem services as a result. Demand showed steady growth and the projection indicated that it would continue to grow, creating the question of where to convert natural habitat to new cropland. The result shows there is a lack of such suitable land, and hence a reduced demand is the only viable solution. As animal feed is the main driver of demand, the conclusion is that the main way of reducing demand is to change our eating habits and reducing animal products in our diets. Sammanfattning Syftet med denna rapport är att analysera sojans roll i världen. Detta genom att redogöra för hur produktionen ser ut och vilka ekologiska konsekvenser denna medför. Vidare har konsumtion och konsumtionstrender studerats för att slutligen ta fram en trolig framtidsprognos. Studien utgår ifrån två användningsområden; djurfoder och mänsklig konsumtion, samt de tre främsta produktionsländerna; Brasilien, Argentina och USA. Rapporten är en litteraturstudie och grundar sig i resultat från tidigare gjorda undersökningar, studier och artiklar. Syftet har besvarats genom ekonomiska värderingar
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