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Hemicriconemoides Kanayaensis H. Californianus (Nematoda: Criconematoidea, Criconematidae)

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Hemicriconemoides Kanayaensis H. Californianus (Nematoda: Criconematoidea, Criconematidae) Plant Pathology Bulletin 16: 181-192, 2007 Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis H. californianus (Nematoda: Criconematoidea, Criconematidae) 1 2 3 4, 5 1 2 3 4 5 [email protected] : +886-4-22876712 96 11 4 2006 4 9 (Hemicriconemoides spp.) (morphometrics) DNA (ribosomal DNA, rDNA) ( 5.8S ITS-1 ITS-2 18S 28S ) 6 H. kanayaensis Nakasono & Ichinoe, 1961 3 H. californianus Pinochet & Raski, 1975 c m EP p VL VW 6 c spicule EP p Tail ABW 6 SEM GenBank H. kanayaensis H. californianus rDNA 1043 bp 1051 bp 87.4 % DNA Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis Hemicriconemoides californianus Hemicriconemoidinae Andr ssy, 1979 (subfamily) 51 (15, 27, 28,) (sheathoid nematode, Hemicriconemoides Hemicriconemoides spp. spp.) Chitwood Birchfield 1957 Criconemoides Taylor, 1936 (black (14) Hemicycliophora de Man, 1921 pepper) (date) (28) Siddiqi Hemicriconemoides (28) Chitwood & Birchfield 1957 Tylenchida Hemicriconemoides spp. Thorne, 1949 (order) Criconematina Siddiqi, 1980 (cuticle) (suborder) Criconematoidea Taylor, 1936 (1914) (vulva) (Geraert, 1966) (superfamily) Criconematidae (annules) Taylor, 1936 (1914) (Thorne, 1949) (family) (retrorse) 182 16 4 2007 (scales) (spines) (appendages) (cephalic region) (lateral field) 4 (incisures) (spicule) (gubernaculum) 7 (dentate) (28) 2-3 1-2 (Theales) (Camellia) Camellia sinensis (L.) Ktze 4 100 (Pratylenchus spp.) (Radopholus 20-80 similis) (Meloidogyne spp.) (Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis) (population) (Rotylenchulus reniformis) (Helicotylenchus spp., Rotylenchus sp.) (Paratylenchus curvitatus) (Hoplolaimus sp.) (Xiphinema sp.) (1) (1970) Hemicriconemoides 2% kanayaensis Meloidogyne incognita Pratylenchus loosi 3 Helicotylenchus erythrinae 4 (30) H. SEM kanayaensis (vulva) 1 ( VL ) ( VW ) (16) Germani Anderson (1991) (excretory pore) ( EP ) (Sun and Moon Lake) (median bulb) (post esophageal 1 10 H. gland) (2) kanayaensis 200 400 (stylet) (prorhabdion) 1000 (intraspecific) (interspecific) (R) (Rex) (Rv) (Ran) 1000 (17, 18, 23) (2-12, 24, 26,) (entomopathogenic) (22) (ventral side) (ribosomal DNA; (11) (cryo-field rDNA) emission scanning electron microscope) 2006 4 9 rDNA (Hemicriconemoides spp.) rDNA (morphometrics) rDNA Vrain (1992) rDNA 6 H. (29) DNA rDNA kanayaensis Nakasono & Ichinoe, 1961 3 ( 5.8S ITS-1 ITS-2 H. californianus Pinochet & Raski, 18S 28S ) 1975. (7) rDNA 183 Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis Table 1. Comparison between the morphometrics of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis female populations of Taiwan and populations recorded in Japan and Taiwan Location (Code) Character1 Alishan Pinglin Mingchien Lugu Datong Rueisuei Japan4 Taiwan5 (Hkan1) (Hkan2) (Hkan3) (Hkan4) (Hkan5) (Hkan6) (Paratypes) n1212121212122012 L (mm) 0.48 0.042c3 0.54 0.03ab 0.50 0.04bc 0.55 0.05a 0.51 0.04abc 0.50 0.02bc 0.57 0.51 0.025 (0.43-0.53) (0.48-0.59) (0.43-0.55) (0.46-0.62) (0.45-0.60) (0.47-0.53) (0.50-0.63) (0.47-0.54) a 16.9 1.5b 18.4 1.6a 18.6 1.3a 18.3 1.3a 18.3 1.2a 17.5 0.9ab 21.5 17.3 0.9 (14.8-19.3) (16.1-20.4) (15.9-20.0) (16.3-20.0) (15.8-20.7) (15.8-19.2) (18.7-24.4) (15.8-18.4) b 4.2 0.4b 4.7 0.4a 4.5 0.5ab 4.7 0.3ab 4.6 0.4ab 4.4 0.2ab 4.8 4.8 0.3 (3.6-4.7) (4.2-5.3) (3.5-5.3) (4.2-5.0) (3.9-5.3) (4.2-4.6) (3.3-5.6) (4.4-5.3) c 13.8 1.0b 14.3 1.4ab 15.2 1.1ab 14.8 1.6ab 15.7 1.7a 13.9 1.1b 14.3 12.9 0.75 (12.3-15.4) (11.8-16.7) (13.2-16.7) (12.3-18.3) (13.3-18.2) (11.9-15.8) (11.5-16.8) (12-14.7) c 1.9 0.2a 2.0 0.2a 1.9 0.3a 1.9 0.2a 1.8 0.2a 1.9 0.2a - - (1.7-2.3) (1.6-2.2) (1.5-2.5) (1.7-2.2) (1.5-2.2) (1.6-2.2) V 88.4 0.5b 89.3 0.6a 88.4 0.5ab 89.3 0.8a 89.2 0.8a 88.5 0.6ab 88.9 88.3 0.86 (87.3-89.0) (88.3-90.3) (87.3-89.0) (87.8-90.5) (88.0-90.4) (87.7-89.8) (87.5-91.5) (86.4-89.2) Stylet ( m) 73.0 2.0a 73.8 3.1a 73.0 2.0a 74.1 2.4a 72.1 2.6a 74.1 1.9a 74 75 3.8 (70.7-77.3) (69.3-79.3) (70.7-77.3) (71.3-78.0) (66.7-75.3) (70.7-77.3) (66-78) (66-78) m 86.5 0.7a 86.7 0.6a - - 87.1 0.2a 86.4 0.8a - - (85.2-87.6) (86.1-87.7) (86.8-87.4) (85.3-87.6) EP( m) 114 11a 118 10a 114 10a 123 11a 118 10a 118 16a - - (92-131) (93-130) (96-128) (105-139) (107-135) (92-144) P 23.7 1.6a 22.0 1.5a 23.2 1.9a 22.4 1.8a 23.0 1.5a 23.7 3.1a - - (20.0-25.8) (19.4-24.5) (20.8-25.6) (19.8-24.8) (21.0-25.5) (18.8-29.0) VL ( m) 55 5a 58 6a 54 5a 58 6a 53 6a 56 4a - - (48-63) (49-67) (47-63) (49-70) (43-63) (51-64) VW( m) 23 3ab 24 2ab 22 3b 25 3a 22 1b 23 2ab - - (19-27) (23-29) (18-28) (20-28) (21-24) (20-25) VL/VW 2.5 0.2a 2.4 0.3a 2.4 0.3a 2.4 0.2a 2.4 0.2a 2.4 0.1a - 2.6 0.16 (2.2-2.9) (2.0-2.9) (2.0-3.0) (2.0-2.7) (2.0-2.7) (2.2-2.7) (2.3-2.8) R 142.8 5.2bc 147.6 5.4ab 146.8 4.8ab 144.0 2.8bc 141.7 4.3c 149.3 4.2a 150 145.3 9.6 (136-152) (137-156) (137-152) (140-148) (135-149) (142-158) (142-164) (127-151) Rex 37.3 1.4a 37.3 1.5a 37.4 0.7a 37.0 1.3a 37.4 1.8a 38.4 1.7a 37 35 2.3 (35-40) (35-40) (36-38) (35-39) (35-40) (35-41) (30-44) (31-38) Rv 17.0 1.0ab 16.3 0.9b 17.0 1.1ab 16.6 0.9ab 16.0 1.3b 17.5 1.1a 18 17 1.0 (15-18) (15-17) (16-20) (15-18) (13-18) (16-19) (16-21) (16-18) Ran 11.3 0.9ab 11.3 0.6ab 11.1 0.7ab 11.0 0.4ab 10.7 0.8b 11.6 0.8a 12 10 1.0 (10-13) (10-12) (10-12) (10-12) (9-12) (10-13) (11-15) (8-11) 1 Besides the symbols of the De Manian formula, the following symbols are used: m = ratio between the length of prorhabdion and stylet in % EP = the distance from excretory pore to the anterior end of body; p = ratio between the length of EP and body length in %; VL= distance from vulva to tail end; VW = body width at vulvar position; VL/VW = distance from vulva to terminus divided by body diam at vulva, R = total number of body annules; Rex = number of annules between anterior end of body and excretory pore; Rv = number of annules between posterior end of body and vulva; Ran = number of annules on tail. 2 Measurements in the form: mean standard deviation (population range), - = no data. 3 Data in each row with the same letter were not significantly different at 1% level by LSMEANS/TDIFF. 4 Nakasono, K., and Ichinohe, M. 1961 (21) 5 Germani, G., and Anderson, R. V. 1991 (16) 184 16 4 2007 (SeqWeb 3.1.2, program (SeqWeb 3.1.2, GCG) GCG) (2) rDNA 5.8S ITS-1 (1043 bp, Accession No. ITS-2 EF126179) 3 H. californianus ( ) GenBank 1 3 rDNA Paratylenchus lepidus (Accession No. EF126178) (11) P. (1051 bp, minutus (EF126180) ( ) Gracilacus Accession No. EU180057) bilineata G. aculenta ( ) 4 rDNA BestFit program (SeqWeb 3.1.2, GCG) SAS Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis GLM (1999, V8.2) 6 Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis rDNA ( ) Hkan1 ( a 4 (Hkan6 ) , consensus sequence) : 6 (P = 0.01) 6 Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis ( ) Hkan2 c stylet m EP P VL VL/VW Hkan3 Hkan4 Hkan6 4 1 Rex 8 4 rDNA Pretty 3 ( ) EP Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis Table 2. Comparison between the morphometrics of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis male populations of Taiwan and paratypes recorded in Japan Location (Code) Character1 Pinglin (Hkan2) Mingchien (Hkan3) Rueisuei (Hkan6) Japan4 (paratypes) n8 148 7 L (mm) 0.42 0.012a3 0.42 0.02a 0.43 0.03a 0.457 (0.40-0.44) (0.39-0.46) (0.40-0.46) (0.422-0.489) a 28.9 2.9a 29.3 1.7a 29.8 2.3a 29.7-32.6 (24.7-33.9) (26.7-32.1) (26.7-33.9) c 15.5 1.1a 15.4 0.8a 16.4 1.2a 14.6 (13.9-17.5) (14.3-17.1) (14.8-17.9) (14.2-15.1) c 2.6 0.2a 2.6 0.3a 2.6 0.2a - (2.2-2.8) (2.1-3.1) (2.1-2.7) Spicule ( m) 26.5 (n=4) 26.0 1.6 25.4 1.1 23.8 (25.7-26.7) (23.3-28.3) (24.2-27.0) EP ( m) 91 7ab 88 9b 99 5a 86 (83-100) (67-100) (92-107) P 21.6 1.5a 21.0 2.2a 22.8 1.2a - (19.8-23.8) (16.3-23.8) (21.8-25.1) Tail ( m) 27 2a 28 2a 26 2a - (24-31) (24-31) (23-29) ABW ( m) 10 1a 11 1a 10 1a - (10-11) (10-12) (10-11) 1, 2, 3, 4 See table1.
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