DOCSLIB.ORG

American Meteorological Society University Corporation for Atmospheric Research

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
American Meteorological Society University Corporation for Atmospheric Research American Meteorological Society University Corporation for Atmospheric Research T a p e R e c o r d e d I n t e r v ie w P r o je c t Interview with Robert H. Simpson September 6 & 9, 1989 Edward Zipser, Interviewer [Diane Rabson, NCAR Archivist, was also present at the interview.] Rabson: W e are doing an interview today, Septem ber 6, 1989, w ith Robert Sim pson. Ed Zipser is conducting the interview at N CA R. Zipser: Bob, I know that you w ere born in Corpus Christi, I think, in 1912. Sim pson: That’s correct. Zipser: I don’t know anything about your fam ily. Can you say a few w ords about your parents, w hat they w ere doing in your early years, their education, etc.? Sim pson: The Sim pson fam ily is a pioneering Texas fam ily. They m igrated from Scotland, arriving in Texas, in the early 19th century. W hile m y paternal grandm other w as the British descendant of Sir Thom as Beaucham p, a 16th century baronet, m y paternal grandfather, a Scot turned W esleyan, w as a M ethodist m inister, a circuit rider traveling by horseback betw een A ustin, M arble Falls, B urnet and Liberty H ill, Texas, a circuit w hich at tim es involved interesting encounters not only w ith his parishioners, but also the Com anche Indians w ho resented the presence of the w hite m an in their territories. B ut m y father, w ho in his early career w as a schoolteacher, m oved to Corpus Christi in 1920, w here he m et and m arried m y m other, w ho had recently arrived from her earlier hom e in w estern Tennessee. In Corpus Christi, m y father established an agricultural hardw are business, m uch of his trade consisting of heavy farm and ranching equipm ent sold to the K ing R anch in South Texas. I rem em ber w ell the early days w hen I helped him deliver big steam tractors to the ranch’s Santa G ertrudis headquarters near K ingsville. A lw ays w e w ere invited to the ranch hom e for refreshm ents, if not a w ild gam e dinner. I recall how im pressed I w as, and how approachable, friendly, w arm ­ hearted and concerned the K leberg fam ily w ere in w elcom ing us, even though they w ere the busy proprietors of that three m illion acre ranch (largest in the w orld at that tim e). I graduated from Corpus Christi H igh School w ith an undistinguished record. In fact, by today’s standards, I probably w ould have had a hard tim e getting accepted at a good university. I w as introverted, spending m ost of m y tim e as a loner in m usic. But, w ith a 1 trum pet and a good teacher, m y m usic activities proved to be the m eans by w hich I got to college. A fter w inning first place in the state trum pet solo contest tw o years in a row, I w as eventually invited to attend Southw estern U niversity of G eorgetow n, Texas, to be first chair trum pet in the orchestra and band w ith prom ise of enough w ork to earn m y w ay through college. B ut I am now a little ahead of m yself, chronologically. There w as another interest during high school w hich grew out of m y exposure to three fascinating courses in architectural and engineering draw ing. These led m e to decide that I w ould pursue a career in architecture. A first step in that direction cam e after I graduated from high school w hen I got a job in San A ntonio, w orking as an apprentice architect. H ow ever, after I had designed thirty substantial fam ily dw ellings and observed their construction, the econom ic crash of late 1929 put an end of this w ork and w ith it, m y am bitions to go further in architecture. It w as then, alm ost by default, that m y m usic experience provided the opportunity to enroll at Southw estern w here I ended up m ajoring in physics and m athem atics, rather than m usic w hich had brought m e there to begin with. Zipser: D id you have brothers and sisters? Sim pson: Y es, both considerably younger, m y brother eight years, and m y sister eleven years younger than I. M y brother, after a w artim e career in the N avy, becam e a Baptist m issionary, first in the W est Indies (w here incidentally he w as also a cooperative observer for the W eather Bureau) and later in Papua, N ew G uinea. M y sister, until her untim ely death at age 57, w as a very successful m usic teacher in C orpus Christi public s c h o o l s . Zipser: H ow early did you have any inkling that you m ight turn out to be in science? Sim pson: I w as very m uch interested, particularly in w eather, from the tim e I entered elem entary school in 1919. I w as attending the D avid H irsh School on N orth Beach in Corpus Christi w hen the great 1919 hurricane struck— the w orst Corpus Christi has ever experienced. A s luck w ould have it, the hurricane arrived on a Sunday m orning. If it had been on a school day, I w ould probably have been am ong the several hundred casualties, because the school building, w hich w as sought out by residents as a shelter, w as destroyed. In this hurricane w e w ere all less im pressed w ith the w ind than w ith the spectacular rise of w ater. The storm surge, as view ed from our near-shoreline residence, arrived in tw o sudden rises. The first put w ater about tw o feet over dow ntow n street levels and occurred in a m atter of ten to fifteen m inutes at m ost. The second cam e one to tw o hours later w hen, in a m atter of m inutes, flood levels rose 6-8 feet over street level. This began to flood the interior of our house w hich w as built quite high. The fam ily had to sw im — w ith m e on m y father’s back— three blocks in near hurricane force w inds to safe shelter in the courthouse— the only high building in the dow ntow n area. A lot of w hat I saw frightened m e, but also supplied a fascination that left m e w ith a lifelong interest in hurricanes. N ot until years later after I com pleted m y initial graduate studies at Em ory U niversity, how ever, did a career interest in atm ospheric science develop. 2 Zipser: Y our interest in hurricanes is easy to understand. W hat about science in general? D id you m ake the connection betw een the interest in hurricanes and a career in science? Zipser: M y general interest in science, initially stim ulated by m y exposure to the field of architecture, w as brought into focus in m y physics studies at Southw estern and extended by the graduate w ork in physics at Em ory U niversity. U nfortunately, w hen I finished m y M S degree in 1935, I found job opportunities for physics graduates w ere in very short supply. I had done m y w ork in piezo-electricity and w anted to pursue further research in the prom ising new field of sonar. B ut I couldn’t get a scholarship nor a research position. So once again I had to fall back on m usic as a livelihood. It had paid m y w ay through all m y undergraduate and graduate education up to that point. A nd the job I finally got w as as band director at Crockett, Texas, the first of three such jobs I held during the five years before I got back into science. I ended up in charge of the instrum ental m usic program s in Corpus Christi school system , w here m y total incom e w as $4400 a year— not bad for schoolteachers in Texas at that tim e. B ut it w as not w hat I w anted nor w hat by education I w as prepared to do. So in 1939, I started taking Civil Service exam s to qualify for positions in the W eather Bureau, Bureau of Standards, and G eological Survey. The W eather Bureau w as the first to offer m e a job— in fact, the choice of tw o jobs: at B row nsville or at A bilene. I accepted B row nsville, despite the fact tht I w as to be em ployed at the SP-3 level w hich paid only $1440 per year, a stunning reduction in salary. Surprisingly this reduction didn’t seem to change our quality of life notably, in part, I am sure, because m y fascination w ith m eteorology proved so all-consum ing.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guidelines for Storm Preparedness
    Eleven Days after Hurricane Carol slammed the Island in August 1964, Hurricane Edna struck on September 11, flooding Edgartown (Vineyard Gazette Archive) Guidelines for Storm Preparedness West Tisbury Climate Action Committee May 2020 May 3-9, 2020: Hurricane Preparedness Week National Weather Service 1 of 11 Storm Preparedness It should come as no surprise that Martha’s Vineyard is vulnerable Nor’easter storms formed over the cold Atlantic between September and April; and hurricanes formed over warm tropical waters from June to November. The absence of hurricanes in recent years have lulled some into thinking they are no longer a serious threat to the Vineyard. The truth is that storms and hurricanes will lash the Vineyard, flooding low-lying portions of our villages, uprooting trees, bringing down power lines, snatching boats from their moorings, and disruption ferry service to the mainland. It is not a question of if; it is a matter of when and with what degree of severity. What is equally sure is that with a modicum of preparedness, your chances of riding out a storm and coping with the inevitable disruptions in the aftermath — the loss of power, telephone and internet connections, and delayed resupplying from the mainland — increase substantially. This manual breaks down emergency preparedness into stages; What you can do immediately without a storm in sight. What you can do when you know a storm is on its way. And, what you can do to make your surroundings as safe as possible when the storm hits. Storm risk varies by the size and path of the storm and by the population of the Vineyard.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane and Tropical Storm
    State of New Jersey 2014 Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 5. Risk Assessment 5.8 Hurricane and Tropical Storm 2014 Plan Update Changes The 2014 Plan Update includes tropical storms, hurricanes and storm surge in this hazard profile. In the 2011 HMP, storm surge was included in the flood hazard. The hazard profile has been significantly enhanced to include a detailed hazard description, location, extent, previous occurrences, probability of future occurrence, severity, warning time and secondary impacts. New and updated data and figures from ONJSC are incorporated. New and updated figures from other federal and state agencies are incorporated. Potential change in climate and its impacts on the flood hazard are discussed. The vulnerability assessment now directly follows the hazard profile. An exposure analysis of the population, general building stock, State-owned and leased buildings, critical facilities and infrastructure was conducted using best available SLOSH and storm surge data. Environmental impacts is a new subsection. 5.8.1 Profile Hazard Description A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] 2013a). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development.
    [Show full text]
  • Town of Kent Hazard Mitigation Plan
    TOWN OF KENT HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN DECEMBER 2014 MMI #3843-04 Prepared for the: TOWN OF KENT, CONNECTICUT Kent Town Hall 41 Kent Green Boulevard Kent, Connecticut (860) 927-3433 www.townofkentct.com Prepared by: MILONE & MACBROOM, INC. 99 Realty Drive Cheshire, Connecticut 06410 (203) 271-1773 www.miloneandmacbroom.com The preparation of this report has been financed in part through funds provided by the Connecticut Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection (DESPP) Division of Emergency Management and Homeland Security (DEMHS) under a grant from the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The contents of this report reflect the views of the Town of Kent and do not necessarily reflect the official views of DEMHS. The report does not constitute a specification or regulation. Copyright 2014 Milone & MacBroom, Inc. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & CONTACT INFORMATION This plan was prepared under the direction of the Town of Kent. The following individual should be contacted with questions or comments regarding the plan: Mr. Bruce Adams First Selectman Town of Kent 41 Kent Green Boulevard Kent, CT 06757 (860) 927-4627 This Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan could not have been completed without the time and dedication of the following individuals at the local level: Mr. Rick Osborne, Highway Department Mr. Bruce Adams, First Selectman The consulting firm of Milone & MacBroom, Inc. (MMI) prepared the subject plan. The following individuals at MMI may be contacted prior to plan adoption with questions or comments using the contact information on the title page or the electronic mail addresses below: Mr. David Murphy, P.E., CFM Associate, Water Resources [email protected] Copyright 2014 Milone & MacBroom, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane & Tropical Storm
    5.8 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM SECTION 5.8 HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM 5.8.1 HAZARD DESCRIPTION A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (NOAA, 2013). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. The average wind speeds for tropical storms and hurricanes are listed below: . A tropical depression has a maximum sustained wind speeds of 38 miles per hour (mph) or less . A tropical storm has maximum sustained wind speeds of 39 to 73 mph . A hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 74 mph or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons; similar storms in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean are called cyclones. A major hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 111 mph or higher (NOAA, 2013). Over a two-year period, the United States coastline is struck by an average of three hurricanes, one of which is classified as a major hurricane. Hurricanes, tropical storms, and tropical depressions may pose a threat to life and property. These storms bring heavy rain, storm surge and flooding (NOAA, 2013). The cooler waters off the coast of New Jersey can serve to diminish the energy of storms that have traveled up the eastern seaboard.
    [Show full text]
  • Naval Juniorreserve ()Hiders
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 219 280 SE 038 787 e $ . AUTHOR ' Omans, S. E.; And Others TITLE Workbook for Naval Science 3: An Illustrated Workbook for the NJROTC Sjudent. Focus. on the Trained Person. Technical Report 124. INSTITUTION University of Central Florida, Orlando.. -, SPONS AGENCY Naval %Training Analysis and Evaluation Group, Orlando, Fla. PUB DATE May f2 GRANT N61339-79-D-0105 4 NOTE if 348p.- 4 ,EDRS PRICE MF01/PC14 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Astronomy; Electricity; High Schools; Instructional -Materials; *Leadership; Meteotiology; Military Science; *Military Training; *Physical Sciences; ( *Remedial Reading; *Secondary School Science; Workbooks' _ IDENTIFIERS Navaleistory; *Naval JuniorReserve ()Hiders . ,-..\ Traiffing torps , '-'--..... ..,. ABSTRACT This workbook (first in a series of three) - supplements the textbook of the third year Naval Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps (NJROTC),program and is designed for NJROTC students who do not have the reading skillsOlecessary to fully benefit from the regular curriculum materidls. The workbook is written at the eighth-grade readability level as detprmined by a Computer Readability Editing System'analysis. In addition to its use in the NJROTC program, the wdrkbook may be useful in 'several remedial programs such as Academic Remedial Training(ART) and;the Verbal' Skills Curriculum,\Jzoth of which are offered at each 'of the three . RecruitTraining Com?nands to recruits deficient in reading or oral English skills.' Topics' in the workbook include naval history (1920-1945), leadership.characteristiCs, meteorology, astronomy, sand introductory electricity.'Exercises-include'vocabulary development, matching, concept application, and -extending Yearning actrties. (Author/JN) V 1' ****************************.0***,*************************************** * * Reproductions suppled'bi EDRS are the best that can be made. from- the oryiginal% document.
    [Show full text]
  • B-133202 Need for a National Weather Modification Reseach Program
    B-i33202 Multiagency UN1 STA rUG.23~976 I .a COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES WASHINGTON. D.C. 20546 B-133202 To the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate This is our rep,ort entitled “Need for a National Weather Modification Research Program. Weather modification research activities are ad- ministered by the Departments of Commerce and the Interior, the National Science Foundation, and other agencies. Our review was made pursuant to the Budget and Accounting Act, 1921 (31 u. s. c. 53), and the Accounting and Auditing Act of 1950 (31 U. S. C. 67). We are sending copies of this report to the Director, Office of Management and Budget; the Secretary of Agriculture; the Secretary of Commerce; the Secretary of Defense; the Secretary of the Interior; the Secretary of Transportation; the Director, National Science Founda- tion; and the Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Comptroller General of the United States APPENDIX Page VII Letter dated‘september 12, 1973, from the Associate Director, Office of Management and Budget 54 VIII Letter dated September 27, 1973, from the As- sistant Secretary for Administration, Department of Transportation 60 Ii Principal officials of the departments and agen- cies responsible for administering activities discussed in this report 61 ABBREVIATIONS GAO General Accounting Office ICAS Interdepartmental Committee for Atmospheric Sciences NACOA National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere NAS National Academy of Sciences NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NSF National Science Foundation OMB Office of Management and Budget Contents Page DIGEST i CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .1 Scope 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Carnegie Institution of Washington Monograph Series
    BTILL UMI Carnegie Institution of Washington Monograph Series BT ILL UMI 1 The Carnegie Institution of Washington, D. C. 1902. Octavo, 16 pp. 2 The Carnegie Institution of Washington, D. C. Articles of Incorporation, Deed of Trust, etc. 1902. Octavo, 15 pp. 3 The Carnegie Institution of Washington, D. C. Proceedings of the Board of Trustees, January, 1902. 1902. Octavo, 15 pp. 4 CONARD, HENRY S. The Waterlilies: A Monograph of the Genus Nymphaea. 1905. Quarto, [1] + xiii + 279 pp., 30 pls., 82 figs. 5 BURNHAM, S. W. A General Catalogue of Double Stars within 121° of the North Pole. 1906. Quarto. Part I. The Catalogue. pp. [2] + lv + 1–256r. Part II. Notes to the Catalogue. pp. viii + 257–1086. 6 COVILLE, FREDERICK VERNON, and DANIEL TREMBLY MACDOUGAL. Desert Botani- cal Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution. 1903. Octavo, vi + 58 pp., 29 pls., 4 figs. 7 RICHARDS, THEODORE WILLIAM, and WILFRED NEWSOME STULL. New Method for Determining Compressibility. 1903. Octavo, 45 pp., 5 figs. 8 FARLOW, WILLIAM G. Bibliographical Index of North American Fungi. Vol. 1, Part 1. Abrothallus to Badhamia. 1905. Octavo, xxxv + 312 pp. 9 HILL, GEORGE WILLIAM, The Collected Mathematical Works of. Quarto. Vol. I. With introduction by H. POINCARÉ. 1905. xix + 363 pp. +errata, frontispiece. Vol. II. 1906. vii + 339 pp. + errata. Vol. III. 1906. iv + 577 pp. Vol. IV. 1907. vi + 460 pp. 10 NEWCOMB, SIMON. On the Position of the Galactic and Other Principal Planes toward Which the Stars Tend to Crowd. (Contributions to Stellar Statistics, First Paper.) 1904. Quarto, ii + 32 pp.
    [Show full text]
  • New England Hurricanes of Note (PDF)
    THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF PUBLIC SAFETY _____________________________ MASSACHUSETTS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY 400 Worcester Road Framingham, MA 01702-5399 Cristine McCombs Mitt Romney Director Governor Tel: 508-820-2000 Fax: 508-820-2030 Website: www.mass.gov/mema Kerry Healey Lieutenant Governor Robert C. Haas Secretary FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Peter Judge June 1, 2006 (508) 820-2002 NEW ENGLAND HURRICANES OF NOTE FRAMINGHAM, MA – Although the approaching Hurricane Season in New England is defined as June 1st through November 30th, the vast majority of the 40 tropical systems that have impacted our region over the past century have struck during the months of August and September. Because Massachusetts is such a relatively small state, it is important to realize that these are not just ‘coastal events’, but, in fact, everyone in the Commonwealth can be severely impacted by a major storm. “New England is in the unenviable position of receiving all three types of Hurricane Threats,” states Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency Director Cristine McCombs. “Depending upon the storm’s track and landfall location, we can experience coastal inundation from storm surge, widespread inland river flooding, and widespread wind damage.” To best prepare ourselves for the future, it is important to revisit the past, and examine a dozen of the most notable New England Hurricanes and their catastrophic impact upon our region. The Great Colonial Hurricane of 1635 August 25, 1635 This was the first historical record of an intense hurricane striking New England. The highest winds have been estimated at Category 3 or greater, with winds of 115-plus mph.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Stormfury: Status and Prospects
    Robert M. White Project Stormfury: Chief, U. S. Weather Bureau and R. A. Chandler, Captain, USN status and prospects Director, Naval Weather Service Because of the general interest within the scientific com- The investment in these experiments is a "sure" thing munity and on the part of the general public in Project in the sense that, at the very least, an increased under- Stormfury we have felt that a report at this time describ- standing of the dynamics and structure of these storms ing the present status of the project and plans for the will result, and through such understanding our ability next hurricane season would be valuable in placing in to predict their future course will improve. The benefits some meaningful perspective our agency objectives, the from even a small measure of improved prediction will accomplishments of the project and the prospects for the far outweigh the cost of undertaking such research even future. if modification of such storms ultimately proves to be Project Stormfury is an interagency cooperative effort impossible by the techniques, devices and approaches between the U. S. Navy and the Weather Bureau. It has that are being used in the Stormfury project. been in progress since 1962, at which time some early It should be clearly stated that Project Stormfury offers funding support from the National Science Foundation no immediate prospect of practical modification, nor has helped to initiate the project. Its primary objective is to it in fact been demonstrated that such a goal is attain- explore the structure and dynamics of hurricanes through able.
    [Show full text]
  • Observed Relationships Between Total Lightning Information and Doppler Radar Data During Two Recent Tropical Cyclone Tornado Events in Florida
    OBSERVED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TOTAL LIGHTNING INFORMATION AND DOPPLER RADAR DATA DURING TWO RECENT TROPICAL CYCLONE TORNADO EVENTS IN FLORIDA Scott M. Spratt, David W. Sharp, and Stephen J. Hodanish NOAA/NWS Melbourne, Florida 1. INTRODUCTION The presence of a unique (total) lightning detection network and a nearby WSR-88D radar within east central Florida has afforded many opportunities to investigate the structure and life cycle of convective cells in great detail. Until now, these studies have focused on two main areas: the apparent relationships between excessive lightning and subsequent severe weather during "warm season" pulse storms (e.g. Hodanish et al., 1998) and the more dynamic storms of the "cool season" (e.g. Williams et al., 1998), and the identification of signatures prior to cloud to ground lightning initiation and cessation (Forbes et al., 1996). This paper will delve into a new topic by providing an initial examination of observed relationships between total lightning signatures and Doppler radar data of tornadic cells within tropical cyclone (TC) outer rainbands. While research of cloud to ground (CG) lightning within tropical cyclones can be considered relatively unexplored (Samsury et al., 1997), examination of the total lightning signal within tropical cyclone rainbands has never been studied, until now. Previous TC CG lightning studies have shown that the amount of discharges to the surface vary considerably from TC to TC, but contain very little CG lightning overall relative to mid latitude mesoscale convective systems (Samsury and Orville, 1994). The literature also agrees that most observed CG lightning occurred within outer convective bands, rather than within inner bands and stratiform precipitation regions.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD Contact: [email protected]
    Updated Catalogs of Peak-Ring Basins and Protobasins on Mars David M.H. Baker; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD Contact: [email protected] A catalog of craters ≥1 km on Mars from Robbins et al. [2] was used to survey all craters >50 km on the planet (N=2,070) in a manner similar to [5,6] for the Moon and Mercury. Motivation: II. Basin Images Datasets used included MOLA gridded topography and a global THEMIS daytime IR mosaic [7]. During the survey, each crater was identified as having a rim crest in addition to a single interior ring of peaks (peak-ring basin), an interior ring of peaks plus a central peak (protobasin), a central peak only (complex crater), or no interior structure (unclassified). • The morphology of peak-ring basins (exhibiting a rim crest and interior peak Schiaparelli; 446 km Schroeter; 292 km Galle; 223 km Kepler; 222 km Secchi; 217 km Kaiser; 202 km Lowell; 199 km Phillips; 185 km ring) in the complex crater to basin transition on the Moon and Mercury have been well characterized based on data from recent missions to these planetary bodies [e.g., 1]. • Although global crater catalogs have recently been produced for Mars [e.g., 2], the detailed characteristics of the crater to basin transition on Mars has not been fully re-examined since basin ring catalogs and measurements were produced over two decades ago by Pike and Spudis [3], among others. • Here, previous basin catalogs [3] and the global crater catalog of Robbins Unnamed; 180 km Molesworth; 175 km Proctor; 167 km Becquerel; 165 km Ptolemaeus; 165 km Dejnev 152 km Unnamed; 103 km Mie; 101 km et al.
    [Show full text]
  • A Statistical Technique for Evaluating Hurricane Modification Experiments
    QC NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL WMPO-29 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Environmental Research Laboratories A STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE FOR EVALUATING HURRICANE MODIFICATION EXPERIMENTS Richard W. Knight Glenn W. Brier Weather Modification Program Office Boulder, Colo. May 1976 QC 'U. to wS -wo.^ NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL WMPO-29 A STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE FOR EVALUATING HURRICANE MODIFICATION EXPERIMENTS Richard W. Knight Glenn W. Brier National Hurricane and Experimental Meteorology Laboratory Coral Gables, Florida Weather Modification Program Office Boulder, Colo. May 1976 LIBRARY JUL 20 1976 N.QAA. U* S. Dept, of Commerce ATMOsp^ UNITED STATES NATIONAL OCEANIC AND Environmental Research DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Laboratories Elliot L. Richardson, Secretary Robert M White, Administrator Wilmot N Hess Director Of °C lb 29/6 CONTENTS Page ILLUSTRATIONS .. iv TABLES.. v ABSTRACT 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 2 3. EXAMPLE OF THE B-SCORE COMPUTATION FROM A HYPOTHETICAL CASE 6 4. DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COMPUTATION OF THE B-SCORE 9 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 9 6. REFERENCES 11 iii ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page Three forecast functions making up a forecast period 1. ℓ and having a monitoring increment period of length Δ. 3 The total monitoring period T, the forecast period 2. ℓ, and the monitoring increment number T1 to T99+m. 5 3. Pressure, temperature, and dew point observed at a hypothetical station during a month. 7 TABLES Table Page 1. Example of matrix of observed and forecast events arranged for comparison and computation of scores 4 2. Array of indices used for B-Score computation 5 3.
    [Show full text]