DOCSLIB.ORG

When Druids and Mystics Ruled Harshly Over the Superstitious Peasants Aquinas College

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
When Druids and Mystics Ruled Harshly Over the Superstitious Peasants Aquinas College 1 When Druids and Mystics Ruled Harshly Over the Superstitious Peasants Aquinas College Undergraduate Seminar Witchcraft Papers Fall 2007 Contributing Authors: Stacey Dearing, Will Eberle, Rachel Koval, Doug Seites, Brandon Sexton, Tim Weed and Theresa Woodbridge Edited by Stacey Dearing and Will Eberle 2 This project is the culmination of the work of the Fall 2007 Aquinas College HY 401 Witchcraft Seminar class. The students were expected to research and write an original piece of scholarship on witchcraft, a field of history that has exploded in scholarly interest in recent years. The papers were peer-reviewed, professor reviewed, and finally edited by Stacey Dearing and Will Eberle as part of an independent study project on scholarly editing. The papers represent the capstone work of Aquinas history majors and are meant to be a step toward producing graduate level research. The issues covered range from individual biographies, to the function of the Roman law in witchcraft trials, to the role that gender and church relations played in the trials. The editors would like to thank Dr. Charles D. Gunnoe for his help throughout the editing process and for a great semester. The title of our collection is borrowed from a line in the “documentary” Witches Curse from the Channel 4/ PBS series Secrets of the Dead. The class found the pseudo-scientific claims of this production to be so ridiculously overstated and historically implausible that it provided backhanded inspiration for class discussions and research. 3 Table of Contents Torture in the Witch Trials: The Roman-Canon Law of Proof Stacey Dearing………………………………………………………………………4 Convent Possession Cases: Study in the Paradoxes of the Early Modern Witchcraft Paradigm Will Eberle…………………………………………………………………………27 Fairies of Early Modern England and Scotland: Familiar Spirits or Ghosts? Rachel Koval……………………………………………………………………….48 Witchcraft and the Spanish Inquisition Doug Seites………………………………………………………………………....65 The Role of Women as Portrayed in the Malleus Maleficarum Brandon Anthony Sexton……………………………………………………………83 James I and Demonology Tim Weed……………………………………………………………………....….105 Courtiser les sorcières en France, mid 1500s-early 1600s Theresa Woodbridge…………………………………..……………………………126 4 Torture in the Witch Trials: The Roman-Canon Law of Proof Stacey Dearing Stacey Dearing is a Junior from Clarkston, Michigan. She will graduate with a major in History and a minor in English. Known for her ability to divine the location of lost items and to provide healing for her neighbors, Anna Roleffes, or Temple Anneke as the citizens of her home town of Harxbüttel referred to her, satisfied many of the stereotypes of a witch in early modern Europe. Anneke was old—in her mid-sixties, widowed, and economically dependent on her family.1 In 1663 she assisted a neighbor, Hans Thiemann, in recovering items that had been stolen from him.2 Shortly thereafter she was arrested, tortured and executed for committing the crime of witchcraft. Such witchcraft trials were rampant in Europe in the early modern period. Few lands were completely free of witch trials, but the vast majority of trials occurred in the German territories belonging to the Holy Roman Empire. It has been posited that nearly half the executions of witches, approximately 45,000, took place in the Holy Roman Empire.3 In addition to the political institutions, the legal institutions of the Holy Roman Empire facilitated and fueled the witch craze. The development of the inquisitorial method of law and the Roman-canon law of proof, with its emphasis on torture, made the wildest periods of the witch trials possible. In order to understand how torture served as a vital part of eliciting confessions and further inciting hunts during the witch craze, it is vital that the development of the Roman-canon law of proof be understood. 1Peter Morton, ed., The Trial of Temple Anneke (Orchard Park, NY: Broadview Press, 2006), xiii-xiv. 2Ibid., xiii. 3Brian Levack, The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe (New York: Pearson Longman, 2006.), 21. 5 The Accusatorial Method to the Inquisitorial Method The method of law used before the inquisitorial model provides insights into how and why the new system developed in early modern Europe. This earlier model is known as the accusatorial method. In this system, charges were initiated by a private citizen, meaning a person who was not employed as a part of the legal system.4 It was then the responsibility of the accuser to prepare and enact the prosecution of the defendant. This system was not highly conducive to the effective prosecution of crimes because the average citizen was not a competent lawyer. Furthermore, crimes such as witchcraft, for which there was very little or no tangible evidence or witnesses, were extremely difficult to prosecute. In order to prove the guilt or innocence of the defendant in such a trial, a system known as the ordeals was used. The ordeals were tests that the accused had to pass in order to prove their innocence.5 The premise was that the accused would be put through the ordeal and if they were innocent, God would ensure that the result was in their favor. An example is the commonly referenced trial by water. In this ordeal the defendant is plunged into deep water. If they sink, they are innocent. If not, they are guilty.6 Another common ordeal was that by fire. In this case a part of the body, such as the hand, was burned. If, after a few days, the wound miraculously healed, the accused was declared innocent. The healing was interpreted as a sign of God’s favor and therefore of the 7 innocence of the defendant. 4Levack, 75. 5Ibid. 6Ibid., 76. 7Ibid. 6 This system of ordeals appears, to the modern reader, to be irrational.8 Such tests could hardly have been accurate indications of guilt or innocence. Furthermore, it was not an efficient method of handling criminal prosecutions. Thus, the ordeals were largely abolished in 1215 by the Fourth Lateran Council.9 With this abandonment of a key portion of the legal process, the development of a new system became vital. One of the main challenges in attempting to devise such a system was that the citizens were unlikely to accept a legal code that took the power of judgment out of the hands of God and put it into the hands of mortals.10 The ordeals may have been highly inaccurate but it was God who was passing judgment, which legitimized them. John Langbein writes, “The problem that confronted the legal systems of the church and of the secular governments…was to make this fundamental change acceptable in the tradition- conscious and religiously devout societies of the day.”11 With the ordeals, even if evidence that exculpated the accused came to light after the execution it would be assumed that God had a reason for allowing that person to die, not that it was mistake. Humans could make mistakes in their judgments, God, by definition, could not. The easiest way to solve this dilemma and create a legal code that was acceptable to the populace was to establish a set of legal proofs that would need to be met by the prosecution in order for a guilty verdict to be rendered in capital cases.12 Such a system of statutory proofs would ensure that mistakes could not be made. In order to have such a 8John H. Langbein, Torture and the Law of Proof: Europe and England in the Ancient Regime (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977), 6. 9Ibid. 10Ibid., 7. 11Ibid., 6. 12Ibid. 7 mistake-proof legal code, rules had to be put in place that clearly defined what evidence was legitimate and acceptable and how much was then required for conviction. Between the thirteenth and the sixteenth centuries, a variety of legal codes were put in place throughout Europe that attempted to establish a system that would be accepted by the populous. Not only were kings and princes devising various legal strategies, but the Popes, too, were trying to stomp out witchcraft.13 To this end, Pope John XXII excommunicated “anyone who made a pact with the Devil” in his Super illius specula of 1326.14 Over the next three centuries this system of legal codes would be solidified into one definitive work. The final product can be found in the Constitutio Criminalis Carolina of 1532. This legal code, devised in the Holy Roman Empire under the reign of Emperor Charles V, laid out requirements for sufficient proof.15 This was the institutionalization of the Roman-canon law of proof. The Carolina The Carolina laid out the guidelines and principles to be applied to all criminal trials in the Holy Roman Empire, not just those cases relating to witchcraft. It began by listing the expectations and rules that court personnel were expected to adhere to. After handling several other preliminary issues, such as how to deal with undisputed cases, the issue of how to deal with cases in which there is doubt as to the guilt of the accused is 13The efforts of the kings were varied, with some pursuing witchcraft cases avidly, and others refusing to even prosecute the crime because they did not believe it existed. See Marina Montesano, “Laws on Witchcraft (Medieval),” Encyclopedia of Witchcraft: The Western Tradition, ed. Richard M. Golden (Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2006). 14Ibid. 15John H. Langbein, Prosecuting crime in the Renaissance: England, Germany, France (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974) 272 (See the appendix for the Carolina). 8 discussed. These are cases in which a “legally sufficient indication of crime” needs to be established.16 Such an indication of the crime would not then lead to
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 400Th Anniversary of the Lancashire Witch-Trials: Commemoration and Its Meaning in 2012
    The 400th Anniversary of the Lancashire Witch-Trials: Commemoration and its Meaning in 2012. Todd Andrew Bridges A thesis submitted for the degree of M.A.D. History 2016. Department of History The University of Essex 27 June 2016 1 Contents Abbreviations p. 3 Acknowledgements p. 4 Introduction: p. 5 Commemorating witch-trials: Lancashire 2012 Chapter One: p. 16 The 1612 Witch trials and the Potts Pamphlet Chapter Two: p. 31 Commemoration of the Lancashire witch-trials before 2012 Chapter Three: p. 56 Planning the events of 2012: key organisations and people Chapter Four: p. 81 Analysing the events of 2012 Conclusion: p. 140 Was 2012 a success? The Lancashire Witches: p. 150 Maps: p. 153 Primary Sources: p. 155 Bibliography: p. 159 2 Abbreviations GC Green Close Studios LCC Lancashire County Council LW 400 Lancashire Witches 400 Programme LW Walk Lancashire Witches Walk to Lancaster PBC Pendle Borough Council PST Pendle Sculpture Trail RPC Roughlee Parish Council 3 Acknowledgement Dr Alison Rowlands was my supervisor while completing my Masters by Dissertation for History and I am honoured to have such a dedicated person supervising me throughout my course of study. I gratefully acknowledge Dr Rowlands for her assistance, advice, and support in all matters of research and interpretation. Dr Rowland’s enthusiasm for her subject is extremely motivating and I am thankful to have such an encouraging person for a supervisor. I should also like to thank Lisa Willis for her kind support and guidance throughout my degree, and I appreciate her providing me with the materials that were needed in order to progress with my research and for realising how important this research project was for me.
    [Show full text]
  • Neue Quellen Zu Friedrich Spee Von Langenfeld Und Seiner Familie
    RAINER DECKER Neue Quellen zu Friedrich Spee von Langenfeld und seiner Familie Deo duce virtute comite fortuna ministra Wahlspruch des Arnold v. Spee, 1623 Einfu¨hrung Zeit: April 1662. Ort: Kloster der Servitessen („Dienerinnen der seligen Jungfrau Maria“) in Linz am Rhein. Die Nonne Anna Margareta Spee ist wu¨ tend. Sie fu¨hlt sich von einer Ba¨uerin aus ihrem Heimatdorf Bruchhausen bei Linz verleumdet und erstattet Anzeige bei dem Ko¨ lner Domkapitel, zu dessen Herrschaft Erpel Bruchhausen geho¨rt.Darin fu¨hrt sie aus, dass die Frau eines ihrer Pa¨chter, „Herman Meußgen Hausfrau Sophia genant zu Brochhaußen in Euer Gnaden Jurisdic- tion Erpel wohnhaft mir ganz unverschulter weis hin und her hinderucklich nachgeredt, ich hette ihro in einem drunck angetan, daß sei [= sie] alles das ihrig versaufen muste ... Nun ist nicht ohne, daß die beklagtin sich darauf vertro¨ st, daß ahn ihro nichts zu erhoh- len, undt weilen an ihr nichts zu erhohlen, so ist billigh und rechtens, daß dieselbe, weilen sei mir meine Ehre abgestohlen und nicht wider restituiren kan, anderen zum Exempel bestraft wu¨ rde, in betrachtungh, daß nichts hochers in der weiten weltt als ein ehrlicher frommer Nahm, und wan [man] solche hoch-ehrenverletzliche Injurien ungeandet hin- gehen ließe, bevorab, weilen die Beklagtin selbige hin und her spargirt [= gestreut], [dass dann] mir allerhandt Verdacht aufwachsen ... mogte ... Derowegen glangt an Ew. Hoch- wohlgeborene Hochgra¨fliche Excellencen und Gnaden meine allerhochste diemutigste bitt, sei gerawen [= geruhen] gna¨digh, ihrem Scholtheißen oder Statthalteren zu Erpel, daß sei die Beklagtin vornehmen und nach befindenden Sachen ... mit ahnschließungh des haltzbandt anderen Ehrenschenderen zum Exempel bestraffen, ernstlich und gna¨- digh ahnzubefehlen.
    [Show full text]
  • Saturday's Graded Stakes Fields P10-11 GOFFS ORBY YEARLING
    Saturday’s graded stakes fields p10-11 THURSDAY, OCTOBER 2, 2014 732-747-8060 $ TDN Home Page Click Here STARS SHINES AT ORBY FINALE TAPESTRY TO BE SUPPLEMENTED TO ARC By Emma Berry On a day that a number of G1 Prix de l=Arc de Yet another seven-figure yearling--a i1.1-million Triomphe contenders put in their final works for (US$1,388,004) daughter of Sea the Stars (Ire)--graced France=s i5-million showpiece, the outlook of the race the ring during the final session of the Goffs Orby Sale, was altered yesterday when it was revealed that which ended yesterday with an 11% gain in aggregate Magnier, Tabor, Smith and to i38,450,500, and a clearance rate of 87%. While Flaxman Stables= sophomore the sale=s overall top price of i1.5 million didn=t come filly Tapestry (Ire) (Galileo close to last year=s i2.85-million modern-day Irish {Ire}) would be record for subsequent supplemented to the 2400- Group 2 winner Ol= Man meter contest today, with River (Ire) (Montjeu {Ire}), Ryan Moore to take the repeated six-figure mount. Supplementing will transactions across both cost i120,000, but days ensured a solid rise in Tapestry could be well both average and median, worth it, as she handed of 8% and 23%, current Arc favorite respectively, to 109,234 Taghrooda (GB) (Sea the Session-topping Sea the Stars filly i Sarah Farnsworth and i70,000. Tapestry Stars {Ire}) her lone defeat Hailing the sale as Racing Post in the G1 Yorkshire Oaks AIreland=s best,@ Goffs= Chief Executive Henry Beeby Aug.
    [Show full text]
  • D a N a N N C O V E N A
    Cabals The Board Game Card list Cabal Amount Card Name Resource Cost Power Health Ability Flavor Text 3 Private Detective 1 1 1 ºAldridge Walker, investigator of natural and supernatural crimes.º -Wall poster on the corner of Piccadilly and Haymarket, February 1931 3 Thieving Faeries 2 1 1 When Deployed: Inflict 1 Damage to target unit with Power 2 or greater. ºLook what I found!º -Edain the Faery 3 Lady of Ulster 2 1 1 [Exhaust]: Generate +1 RES ªMeghan, I told you to leave the butterflies in my study alone.º -Caitlin O'Brien 3 Faery Demagogue 2 1 1 When deployed: Target friendly unit gains +1 Power. ºRhetoric is the art of seeing the available means of persuasion.º -Aristotle 3 Gnome Hero 3 1 3 When conquers: +2 Power. ºMy name is Alberich. The clang of your church bells and the boom of your firesticks do not impress me.º 3 Magic Pigs of Cruachu 3 2 2 Adjacent enemy Relic tokens do not grant control of the tile, but they are counted for ºWasteland for seven years where they have grazed.º -Nuadha, Danann King Domination. 3 Changeling Chauffeur 3 2 2 When conquers: Gain 2[RES] ºMs. O'Brien, you are most certainly driving the pushrod-OHV straight-6 detachable head cylinder Rolls-Royce Phantom 1929...º -Elvin the Driver 3 Changeling Trick 4 Remove all tokens on target unit. That unit loses its abilities and counts as having 1 ªIn Ireland, looking at a baby with envy put him in the faeries' power transporting him Power and 1 Health.
    [Show full text]
  • This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G. Phd, Mphil, Dclinpsychol) at the University of Edinburgh
    This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Desire for Perpetuation: Fairy Writing and Re-creation of National Identity in the Narratives of Walter Scott, John Black, James Hogg and Andrew Lang Yuki Yoshino A Thesis Submitted to The University of Edinburgh for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English Literature 2013 Abstract This thesis argues that ‘fairy writing’ in the nineteenth-century Scottish literature serves as a peculiar site which accommodates various, often ambiguous and subversive, responses to the processes of constructing new national identities occurring in, and outwith, post-union Scotland. It contends that a pathetic sense of loss, emptiness and absence, together with strong preoccupations with the land, and a desire to perpetuate the nation which has become state-less, commonly underpin the wide variety of fairy writings by Walter Scott, John Black, James Hogg and Andrew Lang.
    [Show full text]
  • Von Greyerz Translated by Thomas Dunlap
    Religion and Culture in Early Modern Europe, 1500–1800 This page intentionally left blank Religion and Culture in Early Modern Europe, 1500–1800 kaspar von greyerz translated by thomas dunlap 1 2008 1 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright # 2008 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Greyerz, Kaspar von. [Religion und Kultur. English] Religion and culture in early modern Europe, 1500–1800 / Kaspar von Greyerz ; Translated by Thomas Dunlap. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 978-0-19-532765-6 (cloth); 978-0-19-532766-3 (pbk.) 1. Religion and culture—Europe—History. 2. Europe—Religious life and customs. I. Title. BL65.C8G7413 2007 274'.06—dc22 2007001259 987654321 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper To Maya Widmer This page intentionally left blank Preface When I wrote the foreword to the original German edition of this book in March 2000, I took the secularized social and cultural cli- mate in which Europeans live today as a reason for reminding the reader of the special effort he or she had to make in order to grasp the central role of religion in the cultures and societies of early modern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Language of Demons and Angels Brill’S Studies in Intellectual History
    THE LANGUAGE OF DEMONS AND ANGELS BRILL’S STUDIES IN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY General Editor A.J. Vanderjagt, University of Groningen Editorial Board M. Colish, Oberlin College J.I. Israel, University College, London J.D. North, University of Groningen R.H. Popkin, Washington University, St. Louis-UCLA VOLUME 119 THE LANGUAGE OF DEMONS AND ANGELS Cornelius Agrippa’s Occult Philosophy BY CHRISTOPHER I. LEHRICH BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2003 This book is printed on acid-free paper. The cover image shows the harmony and proportion of the human body with respect to the seven heavenly bodies, demonstrating the theory of the microcosm. From De occulta philosophia 2.27, 331/347 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lehrich, Christopher I. The language of demons and angels : Cornelius Agrippa’s occult philosophy / by Christopher I. Lehrich. p. cm. — (Brill’s studies in intellectual history, ISSN 0920-8607 ; v. 119) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 90-04-13574-X 1. Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius. 1486?-1535. 2. Occultism. I. Title. II. Series. B781.A34L44 2003 130’.92-dc22 2003055665 ISSN 0920-8607 ISBN 90 04 13574 X © Copyright 2003 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, MA 01923, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Rosemary Ellen Guiley
    vamps_fm[fof]_final pass 2/2/09 10:06 AM Page i The Encyclopedia of VAMPIRES, WEREWOLVES, and OTHER MONSTERS vamps_fm[fof]_final pass 2/2/09 10:06 AM Page ii The Encyclopedia of VAMPIRES, WEREWOLVES, and OTHER MONSTERS Rosemary Ellen Guiley FOREWORD BY Jeanne Keyes Youngson, President and Founder of the Vampire Empire The Encyclopedia of Vampires, Werewolves, and Other Monsters Copyright © 2005 by Visionary Living, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Guiley, Rosemary. The encyclopedia of vampires, werewolves, and other monsters / Rosemary Ellen Guiley. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-4684-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-4381-3001-9 (e-book) 1. Vampires—Encyclopedias. 2. Werewolves—Encyclopedias. 3. Monsters—Encyclopedias. I. Title. BF1556.G86 2004 133.4’23—dc22 2003026592 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Printed in the United States of America VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Die Materialität Des Teufels Und Ihre Wir- Kung Auf Hexenverfolgung Und Hexenprozeß in Ausgewählten Europäischen Ländern Und in Den Neuenglischen Kolonien
    3 Die Materialität des Teufels und ihre Wir- kung auf Hexenverfolgung und Hexenprozeß in ausgewählten europäischen Ländern und in den neuenglischen Kolonien Kernpunkt vieler Hexenprozesse der frühen Neuzeit in Europa und in den neuenglischen Kolonien war die Frage nach der materiellen Existenz des Teu- fels und ihr Nachweis. Teufelspakt, Teufelsbuhlschaft und Hexenflug - alles Elemente des Volks- aberglaubens - waren für einen großen Teil der Hexenprozesse zentrale An- klagepunkte in den Gerichtsverfahren und trugen sowohl in Europa als auch in den neuenglischen Kolonien zu einer Intensivierung der Hexenverfolgung in der frühen Neuzeit bei. Martin Pott bezeichnet diese Elemente des Volksaberglaubens als „Penta- gramm des Hexenwahns“. Er sieht den Hexenglauben als ausgefeilte Theorie, deren Inhalte im Begriff des Teufelspaktes kulminieren.196 Seit Menschengedenken gehörte die Vorstellung einer den Menschen nicht immer freundlich gesinnten, real existenten Parallelwelt zum alltäglichen Le- ben. Einerseits war sie in vorchristlicher Zeit eine durchaus wertfreie Möglich- keit, unerklärliche Erlebnisse verständlich zu machen, andererseits diente sie später dem Christentum als spirituelles Gegengewicht zum göttlichen Wir- ken. Vor allem in kontinentaleuropäischen Ländern, wie zum Beispiel in Deutschland, gewann das Übernatürliche in der frühneuzeitlichen Hexen- verfolgung an Bedeutung. Die Verhandlung von Hexenanklagen vor Gericht mußte dieser Entwicklung Rechnung tragen. Zeugenaussagen und Geständ- nisse der Angeklagten, welche die Existenz des
    [Show full text]
  • Spanish Persecution of the 15Th-17Th Centuries: a Study of Discrimination Against Witches at the Local and State Levels Laura Ledray Hamline University
    Hamline University DigitalCommons@Hamline Departmental Honors Projects College of Liberal Arts Spring 2016 Spanish Persecution of the 15th-17th Centuries: A Study of Discrimination Against Witches at the Local and State Levels Laura Ledray Hamline University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/dhp Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Ledray, Laura, "Spanish Persecution of the 15th-17th Centuries: A Study of Discrimination Against Witches at the Local and State Levels" (2016). Departmental Honors Projects. 51. https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/dhp/51 This Honors Project is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts at DigitalCommons@Hamline. It has been accepted for inclusion in Departmental Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Hamline. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 1 Spanish Persecution of the 15th-17th Centuries: A Study of Discrimination Against Witches at the Local and State Levels Laura Ledray An Honors Thesis Submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors in History from Hamline University 4/24/2016 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction_________________________________________________________________________________________3 Historiography______________________________________________________________________________________8 Origins of the Spanish Inquisition_______________________________________________________________15 Identifying
    [Show full text]
  • Pope Innocent VIII (1484-1492) and the Summis Desiderantes Affectibus
    Portland State University PDXScholar Malleus Maleficarum and asciculusF Malleus Maleficarum Temporum (1490) 2020 Pope Innocent VIII (1484-1492) and the Summis desiderantes affectibus Maral Deyrmenjian Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/mmft_malleus Part of the European History Commons, History of Christianity Commons, Medieval History Commons, and the Medieval Studies Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Deyrmenjian, Maral, "Pope Innocent VIII (1484-1492) and the Summis desiderantes affectibus" (2020). Malleus Maleficarum. 1. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/mmft_malleus/1 This Book is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Malleus Maleficarum by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Maral Deyrmenjian Spring, 2020 Pope Innocent VIII (1484-1492) and the Summis desiderantes affectibus At the end of the fifteenth century, Dominican friars were authorized to persecute practitioners of certain local customs which were perceived to be witchcraft in the mountains of Northern Italy.1 A landmark in the chronology of these witch-hunts was the papal bull of 1484, or the Summis desiderantes affectibus, and its inclusion in Heinrich Kramer’s witch-hunting codex, the Malleus Maleficarum. While neither the pope nor the papal bull were significantly influential on their own, the extraordinary popularity of Kramer’s Malleus draws attention to them. Pope Innocent VIII, born Giovanni Battista Cibó, was born in Genoa in 1432 into a Roman senatorial family.2 Cibó did not intend to become a member of the clergy and, in fact, fathered two illegitimate children: Franceschetto and Teodorina.
    [Show full text]
  • Explore Parkland Walk Pedal Push for Childline the Lady of the Lake
    7 THE ARCHER - 08717 334465 NOVEMBER 2005 The lady of the lake By Lucy Chamberlin Isn’t it annoying when you’re doing indoor lane swim- ming and someone just a bit faster creeps up behind you and smugly overtakes you? Don’t you sometimes resent the monotony of white tiles and buzzing strip lights? Wouldn’t you like to be in the open air? Like Wyn Cornwell and can enjoy the setting, serenaded Frieda Schweizer (THE ARCHER, on weekend afternoons by Ken- May and September 2005), I can wood concert rehearsals. Herons recommend the Hampstead and resident families of moor- Ladies’ Pond. Although their hens are frequent sights; last fantastic combined age of 182 month there were also kingfish- eclipses my 21, I have been a ers, a couple of exotic-looking Pond swimmer for 10 years ducks and a flock of parakeets (summer only, although I do in the surrounding trees. have designs to join the winter- Plunging into the 15ft depths, swimming elite). you encounter murky green light, After the first cold shock and re-emerging thankful to gulp acclimatisation, which seems to down oxygen and not to have take about half-a-pond’s length, touched the bottom. Whatever it is the sense of space and free- is under the surface is a mystery dom that gets you. With the late and should remain so. afternoon sun on the reeds and The best thing about swim- Youngsters at the Green Man Mother and Toddler Group resist the temptation to chew their medals the Heath beyond, the view ming in the Pond is that this after completing their Pedal Push! Photo by Helen Drake.
    [Show full text]