Adressing Climate Change French know-how ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE FRENCH KNOW-HOW

The IPCC 5th Assessment Synthesis energy models for France. They are Report on the evolution of the glo- based on a low-carbon society that bal climate was issued in November creates jobs, developments and in- 2014. It is a reminder of the urgent novation. need to mobilise all actors to join ef- forts to address climate change. The In this context ADEME and its European and international agenda, partners dispose of recognised in the lead-up to the Paris climate know-how for the elaboration and conference in 2015, offers us the dissemination of tools and metho- opportunity to give new impetus to dologies aimed at climate change private and public initiatives for ac- mitigation and adaptation. These tion on the climate and the energy approaches, elaborated jointly with transition. public bodies, companies, and the In France the Environment and En- research community, are designed NB: This brochure aims to present at the international level French expertise, both public and private, in the field of Bruno LECHEVIN ergy Management Agency (ADEME) to measure and report GHG emis- climate change mitigation and adaptation and its decision making tools.The presentation of the different technolo- President, ADEME contributes to this mobilisation, sions, to identify priority actions for gies used to fight against climate change is covered by other specific publications. through its work to accompany pu- emissions reductions, and to assess blic authorities, companies, local vulnerability to climate change. authorities and citizens. To all these They are a stimulus, spurring actors stakeholders the agency proposes to tackle climate change. solutions to reduce GHG emissions, in different sectors and domains This brochure highlights the dyna- – buildings, industry, sustainable mic approaches taken by French ac- mobility, renewable energy, and the tors in this domain. Readers will find circular economy. a wide panorama of achievements in France and abroad. It is our hope The 2030-2050 energy scenarios that this document will provide in- AVAILABLE IN THE SAME COLLECTION elaborated by ADEME in 2013 show formation on suitable solutions for that it is possible to reduce energy all actors who are ready to join the • French know-how in the field of sustainable city - Vivapolis consumption by half, compared to international movement to address • French know-how in the field of energy efficiency in industry 2012, and to cut GHG emissions by climate change. • French know-how in the field of waste management 75 % compared to 1990 in France, • French know-how in the field of geothermal energy – district heating and electricity generation systems by 2050. These visions propose new • French know-how in the field of renewable energies • French know-how in the field of air pollution prevention • French know-how in the field of soil and groundwater remediation • French know-how in the field of energy efficiency in buildings

ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE – FRENCH KNOW-HOW | 2-3 INTERNATIONAL FRANCE’S COMMITMENTS

AND EUROPEAN OBJECTIVES France, host to COP 21

France will preside the 21st Confe- rence of the Parties, to be held in Pa- The reality of climate change is now Proactive EU policy ris-Le Bourget in December 2015. The accepted by the entire scientific com- goal for this COP 21 is to find a new munity. Rising temperature, rising sea Following the 8 % reduction objective and legally binding framework cove- level, extreme weather phenomena that the European Union (EU) attained ring all countries, to be implemented – while everything possible must be for the first commitment period under as of 2020. The government of France done to limit climate change, as of the Kyoto Protocol, the EU objective has mobilised itself to thoroughly pre- today some change will be inevitable, in the second commitment period pare and preside over these talks. due to the inertia of the climate sys- is to reduce emissions by 20 % tem. It is therefore essential to take compared to 1990, by 2020. This French national action on two fronts: objective is shared by all EU Member and territorial policy • to reduce our greenhouse gas emis- states, under a legally binding burden- sions, so as to keep the increase sharing agreement that sets national The first Climate Plan was adopted in temperature at under 2°C, the emissions reduction targets for each in France in 2004. This plan grouped threshold beyond which experts state. together for the first time climate think that irreversible changes would change mitigation measures in all sec- occur; At the EU level the major political tors of the economy, with the goal of • to adapt to climate change in order instrument pertaining to climate achieving the Kyoto objective set for to strengthen the resilience of our change is the Climate and Energy France. societies to variations in climate. Package that was adopted in 2008. Nationally Appropriate The implementation of national This instrument specifies the « 20-20- Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) policies to fight climate change ac- International mobilisation « 20 » objective for 2020: celerated in 2009, with the adop- are tools designed to encourage developing countries to implement • lift the share of renewable energy to tion of two laws establishing the The work carried out by the Inter- attenuation measures in line with 20 % of energy consumption; framework of an overall energy posed at the territorial level via regio- GHG by 40 % between 1990 and 2030 national Panel on Climate Change their development priorities. These • reduce CO2 emissions by 20 % and climate policy. nal strategic orientation tools and the (following the European level commit- (IPCC) constitutes the scientific ba- measures offer a flexible framework compared to 1990; A National Climate Change Adap- corresponding operational measures. ments) and to cut energy consump- sis underpinning action by states to of emissions reduction policies and • reduce primary energy consumption tation Plan (PNACC) was officially Finally, in the framework of a draft tion by half by 2050 measures, for a broad range of mitigate climate change. The IPCC, by 20 % compared to projected adopted by the Ministry for Ecology, law on energy transition for green sectors, from transport, waste or created in 1988 under the auspices levels for 2020. energy, to industry and construction. Sustainable Development and Energy growth, ambitious objectives for of the United Nations, establishes the Countries can finance these measures (MEDDE) in 2011. France were set : to cut GHG emis- current state of knowledge in climate from their own funds, or obtain In October 2014, the 28 member These national policies are trans- sions by 75 % (Factor 4) by 2050, to cut science, by assessing research results international funding. states of the European Union adopted and knowledge acquired in the field of new objectives to be achieved by 2030: climate change. (i) reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 40 % compared to 1990 Since the 1992 Rio Summit, global go- col also implemented tools for attai- (binding target); (ii) raise the share of COP 15: Copenhagen National Adaptation vernance of the fight against climate ning these objectives – the « flexibility renewable energy to at least 27 %; Agreement Plan adopted change has been organised under the mechanisms » – created sources of (iii) achieve at least 27 % in energy to limit and Climate Plan updated United Nations Framework Conven- funding for developing countries, and savings compared to projections. global warming to 2°C tion on Climate Change (UNFCCC). set rules for verification. These three new objectives for 2030 COP 3 Climate The 195 signatory states to this uni- constitute the council’s contribution Rio Earth Summit Adoption and Energy National Energy st versal convention meet annually for The Nationally Appropriate Mitigation to the preparation of COP 21. Ratification of the Kyoto 1 Climate Package Grenelle I Transition of UNFCCC Protocol Plan in France adopted and II legislation Debate COP21 the Conference of the Parties (COP). Action (NAMA) mechanism, setting the These international negotiations are groundwork for a new approach to In addition to the renewable energy 2009 the setting for intense climate diplo- negotiations under the UNFCCC, was and energy efficiency directives, the 1992 1997 2004 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2015 macy: each year the parties strive to introduced as a key concept at the Bali emissions trading scheme is a central reach the broadest consensus pos- COP in 2007, and included in the Co- EU tool. This cap-and-trade system, IPCC (created in 1988) sible on the commitments of the penhagen and Cancun Agreements. known as EU-ETS, was set up in UNFCCC (adopted in 1992) countries to take action against cli- NAMAs are designed to support the 2005. It covers 11,000 installations in EU-ETS (instituted in 2005) mate change. commitment of developing countries industry and the energy sector and in the fight against climate change, sets an annual emissions limit for 2008-2012: 1st commitment period 2013-2020: Kyoto Protocol With the Kyoto Protocol (1997), and facilitate an international agree- each installation under the Kyoto Protocol extended (Doha COP 2012) quantitative objectives for the reduc- ment that applies to all countries in EU: 8 % emissions reduction objective EU: 20% emissions reduction objective tion of GHG emissions were adopted 2015, engaging rich and developing (compared to 1990 level) achieved (compared to 1990 level) set at the international level for the 2008- countries alike, in order to hold global 2012 commitment period. The proto- warming to less than 2°C.

ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE – FRENCH KNOW-HOW | 4-5 AN INTEGRATED FRENCH OFFER « MEASUREMENT DRIVES KNOWLEDGE; TO ADDRESS CLIMATE ISSUES KNOWLEDGE DRIVES ACTION; ACTION

To address the multiple issues of cli- tors and disseminate knowledge and to combat climate change, including DRIVES REDUCTION » mate change, public and private-sec- know-how, in France and abroad. At representatives of local authorities, tor actors in France have developed the international level, the know-how the research community, individuals considerable expertise to accompany developed by these public and pri- and private-sector organisations, such action at all stages of the strategy and vate actors is leveraged to contribute as MEDEF (French Employers Organi- GHG emissions accounting is hence- Each year the operators covered by at all territorial scales. building the energy-climate strategy sation), Comité 21 (Network of actors forth an indispensable tool for mea- EU-ETS must submit a statement, ve- CITEPA: the reference Public bodies such as the Ministry for of many countries, in particular of involved in Sustainable development) suring and piloting environmental rified by an accredited and certified for emissions inventory Ecology, the National Observatory for developing countries, notably via the and IDDRI (Institute for Sustainable performance. Consumers, companies, organisation, of their GHG emissions Climate Change Impacts (ONERC), CDC financing of the French Development Development and International local authorities, public bodies and for the preceding year. The Ministry for Ecology in France has Climat and the French Environment Agency (AFD) and the French Global Relations) the State are all stakeholders. delegated the technical execution of and Energy Management Agency Environment Facility (FFEM). Actors in the National Inventory and Survey of (ADEME) work together to mobilise ac- French civil society are also mobilised The Monitoring, Reporting Atmospheric Emissions (SNIEBA) to © Edgar Vasques. the Interprofessional Technical Centre and Verification (MRV) prin- Source: Excerpt from « Guia de Boas for the Study of Atmospheric Pollution Actions implemented by French stakeholders to fight climate change ciple guarantees the efficiency of Práticas Ambientais para os Municípios (CITEPA). carbon accounting. Application of do Rio Grande this principle shows the credibility of do Sul », ADEME, In red: regulatory International Local climate strategies Corporate and EnvirOconsult, CITEPA is charged with conducting measures Civil society/ commitments, actions and financial SEMA-RS. or national climate (local authorities from cities business-sector national inventories of emissions of In blue: general public exchanges related to CO2 emissions. strategies to regions) climate strategies atmospheric pollutants and GHGs, in voluntary action MRV of CO2 emissions can be applied • Regulatory or voluntary carbon compliance with France’s international at two scales: GHG emissions offset projects: Clean Development commitments (UNFCCC, UN-ECE, EU). Mechanism (CDM), Voluntary Carbon To this end the centre generates, ana- National GHG GHG emissions assessments for assessments for • GHG inventories at the national emissions inventory local authorities > 50,000 pop. companies > 500 Standard (VCS), Gold Standard (GS), lyses and disseminates emissions data, scale: a growing number of coun- and produces estimates for emissions employees etc. tries are compiling national GHG in- in medium and long time frames, un- Numerous ventories, under the UNFCCC. These Audit Observations/statistics Various actors in France are well quali- der various national and global scena- Life cycle analysis awareness tools can be either voluntary or mandato- Monitoring energy statistics fied for this type of activity, with com- rios. CITEPA also acts in the capacity (LCA) ry, depending on the country. Monitoring effects of climate change petence for monitoring and reporting of expert for the EU and for the United (for example, CITEPA and CDC Climat Nations. • Carbon accounting in the Assessment of socioeconomic impacts Research), and/or verification and consequences of climate change framework of specific policies, e.g. EU-ETS: the European Commission National Climate Action to reduce Sustainable ey energy and climate figures are has adopted this system to make the CDC Climat Research: Change Action Plan GHG emissions consumption EU-ETS more reliable, via monitoring, Ktracked and updated annually by Regional climate-energy plans various organisations. These figures from emissions accounting Mandatory (PCER), regional climate-air- reporting and external verification of are available in the series of brochures Action plan National climate Implementation environmental to public policy energy plans (SRCAEs) drawn up GHG emissions for each installation. published by ADEME each year, “Énergie change adaptation of adaptation information et climat - Chiffres clés”. plan strategies display The economic research team at CDC Climat has pursued a research pro- Follow-up/evaluation gramme, with funding from the EU and of the National the French government among others, Follow-up/ Climate Change Action Follow-up/evaluation of TCEP since 2013. This programme aims to - - evaluation Plan and the National and SRCAEs identify sectors of the economy where Climate Change Certified organisations for verification it is possible to better coordinate MRV Adaptation Plan of GHG emissions statements procedures for emissions and innova- tive technologies for estimating emis- Labelling of The mechanisms for verifying emissions statements can be complex, depending sions. CDC Climat Research is also an companies for on the activity, the type and number of emissions streams, applicable surveillance expert consultant on MRV issues for Labelling of towns and cities for their energy and methods and the number of sites involved. Verification organisations have developed the Partnership for Market Readiness - - Labelling their energy and climate action climate action, wide-ranging competence, so that all operators can meet regulatory requirements and scheme at the World Bank and for the labels awarded to deadlines without additional constraints. Several French companies are certified for UNFCCC, in particular for carbon offset products/services verification of emissions statements under EU-ETS: these include APAVE, Bureau Veritas projects. Certification and SOCOTEC Industries, among others. Bureau Veritas Certification, for www.cdcclimat.com/The-MRV-of- Decentralised international cooperation, institutional example, has verified over 500 installations, 130 of which are in France, for companies GHG-emissions-under.html?lang=en - - Capacity twinnings, technical assistance, etc. including Bonduelle, Cofely, Tereos, Vicat and Arkema. building - Training Information

ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE – FRENCH KNOW-HOW | 6-7 GHG emissions assessments mation to the public. In recent years • set coherent targets for emissions French contributions s imp some AASQA organisations have set reductions, uou rove for local authorities and com- to GHG accounting method ntin SM-GES me Co nt panies up specific observatory mechanisms, • regularly monitor and analyse regio- as regional tools to measure and track nal energy consumption and emis- Local authorities, companies, other GHG emissions and energy consump- sions trends. Since 2010, all companies with over organisations and consumers have tion. The observatories are clusters for Awareness Emissions Directions 500 employees, all government ad- several complementary methods at accounting for action communication and concerted action, Legal requirements Action plan ministrations employing over 250 their disposal for carrying out GHG as- and commitments Using these observatories, regional and a source of innovative proposals sessments. In 1998 the World Business people, and all local authorities with Materials actors can: Council for Sustainable Development a population of over 50,000 in France Resources, documentation, skills, Action monitoring • access a detailed and shared Emissions monitoring are required to draw up an assess- (WBCSD) and the World Resources Management communication, stakeholder analysis knowledge base on the current ment of their GHG emissions (known Institutes (WRI), in partnership with strategy status of emissions and energy Corrective action by the acronym BEGES). Over 4,300 companies, NGOs and the represen- consumption in the region, companies and public bodies, and tatives of national governments, de- close to 500 territorial entities (lo- veloped the GHG Protocol, a method Management review Internal audit cal authorities from cities to re- for accounting and reporting GHG emissions for companies. gions) must conduct these assess- GHG assessments are frequently divided into three «scopes» that correspond Carbone (ABC). This French method finalising a quantification method ments, on a periodic basis. to, respectively: direct emissions (from fuel combustion, industrial processes, ISO standard 14064-1:2006, drawn is entirely compatible with the GHG to calculate the anticipated or ac- etc.); indirect emissions (energy-related, for instance emissions from electricity up by the ISO TC 207 Environmental Protocol and with the international tual impact of measures taken to Technical and consulting generation, from district heating networks); and an extended scope covering Management technical committee, ISO 14064 standard, contributing to reduce GHG emissions. This method firms at work all carbon emissions (purchases of raw materials, travel by employees, waste, its international success and disse- has been elaborated in parallel with etc.). There are several methodological standards and software programmes for lays out the principles and require- ments for measuring and reporting mination. The SM-GES GHG manage- an ongoing experiment conducted The development of the Bilan Car- calculating emissions within the boundaries of these different scopes. emissions and reductions within orga- ment system, complementary to the with businesses and local authorities. bone® method (see the following nisations. This « generalist » standard Bilan Carbone® method, is an original Two types of materials are proposed page), and the evolution of the regu- reiterates the principles of the GHG solution developed by ABC, to enable (a user’s guide and information sheets latory context, were important factors Protocol. organisations to integrate GHG mana- on examples) for assessment of the in the deployment of this expertise in Inputs Downstream gement into their global strategy and impact of GHG emissions avoided by France. French professionals in car- freight In 2004 ADEME published a GHG conduct carbon-saving measures effi- the wide range of actions that can be bon-related fields formed the French emissions accounting methodology ciently in their operations. SM-GES is implemented by businesses or local Association of Carbon Consulting Pro- Upstream Work-related for corporate bodies entitled Bilan compatible with the ISO 14001, 9001 authorities in the framework of an ac- fessionals (APCC) for the purpose of freight travel Electricity, Sources Carbone®. This methodology is now and 50001 management systems. tion plan fostering a collective technical culture heat, etc. controlled maintained by the Association Bilan In addition, ADEME is currently and to ensure the quality of consulting ... by the ... services in this domain. entity

Other indirect Indirect energy Direct emissions Other indirect Field organisations build and emissions* (Scope 3) emissions (Scope 2) (Scope 1) emissions* (Scope 3) refine the knowledge base at regional and subregional levels ADEME Base Carbone®: Online database Revision work led by France Upstream Downstream for emission factors Certified bodies in each region, the Backed by its technical advance, Approved Air Quality Monitoring * Emissions not covered by regulatory requirements, which can be accounted on a voluntary basis using this method. Emission factors databases are essential for carrying out France was the leader in the most Associations - AASQA (Associations Source: Method for conducting greenhouse gas emissions assessments in compliance with the National Commitment GHG assessments. Such databases must be periodically recent international standardisa- to the Environment, Law no. 2010-788, article 75 (12 July 2010). This scheme is based on ISO-TR 14069: Agrées de Surveillance de la Qualité de Application guidelines for ISO 14064-1 WD3. March 2011. updated. To meet this challenge, ADEME has developed tion process for carbon accounting l’Air), monitor ambient air quality and a database, in the form of a participatory tool that collects and harmonises all usable methods applied to organisations. are responsible for providing infor- data. This database covers mainland France and French overseas territories. Specific France proposed a revision of the ISO emission factors have been developed for foreign countries, and can be integrated 14064‑1 standard: 2006, and this re- when an international carbon database will be created. vision was accepted with more than 80 % approval in September 2013. The The quality of the content, management and good practices survey of the Base content of the revision will be based Carbone® is overseen by a governance committee presided by ADEME. The database on ISO Technical Report 14069, avai- The French Association OREGES Rhône-Alpes: Greenhouse gas and energy is available in French, English and Spanish. lable since April 2013. of Carbon Consulting observatory of the Rhône-Alpes region ADEME also maintains a GHG Accounting Resources Centre, a website that explains Professionals (APCC) the methods and implications of GHG assessments (in French and English). This technical guidance is intended to help users apply ISO 14064-1, via gui- 22 regional observatories have been created to support regional energy, climate delines and examples, to ensure that Created in 2010, the brief of APCC change and air pollution policies. One of these observatories, OREGES Rhône-Alpes, quantification of GHG emissions and (“Association des Professionnels en has since 2002 built up a network of the principal public and private actors in energy reduction in organisations is transpa- Conseil Carbone”) is to represent and greenhouse gases. State bodies (regional energy directorates DREAL and ADEME, rent and clearly reported. professional consultants in the GHG in particular), the Rhône-Alpes regional council, the economic operators in energy Association Bilan Carbone (ABC) A nomenclature of emissions cate- emissions field. production, transport and distribution, and local energy consultants have expressed gories within each scope is also pro- The association is the leading actor their desire to pool various kinds of data they possess in ABC has been the support organisation for French posed. This revision process began in in the field of carbon economics this field. Rhônalpénergie-Environnement (RAEE) and Air and international users of Bilan Carbone® since January 2014, under the auspices of in France. Independent by nature, Rhône-Alpes are the two technical operators of OREGES 2011. ABC is also the official body that delivers Bilan TC 207/SC7/WG4, with France presi- APCC develops its own expertise, and Rhône-Alpes. Carbone® licences. This group, whose members come from both the public and private ding and ensuring the secretariat. actively participates in public and sector, develops Bilan Carbone® with a focus on a managerial and strategic approach, private-sector policy programmes on All the data produced by this observatory are freely available and works to design and disseminate methodological and operational solutions that climate topics, in order to foster the on the OREGES website. A number of energy-climate can help reduce GHG emissions and support the transition to a low carbon society. transition to a low carbon economy. indicators are ventilated across many territorial levels.

ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE – FRENCH KNOW-HOW | 8-9 Tools for specific sectors To address the characteristics of specific sectors, ADEME and various private-sector actors have developed tailored methods Environmental labelling for mass-market products and tools designed to refine the assessment process. The table below lists some of these features. To improve the implementation of en- On the one hand, it elaborates with potential impact (LCA indicators) for in- vironmental labelling for mass-market AFNOR (the French national organization termediary sectors which are necessary Other existing tools for energy and GHG assessments products in France, and to ensure it for standardization) reference systems for the modelling of finished goods: elec- is based on fair comparisons, ADEME to define modelling rules for different tricity, transport, raw materials, agricul- contributes to French initiatives based categories of finished goods : food pro- ture etc. This tool for energy-GHG assessment on a farm scale harmonises existing analytic methods and on the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) metho- ducts, clothing, equipments, detergents, Each data set corresponds to a speci- Farms centralises the audits carried out. dology in partnership with several hun- etc. (affichage-environnemental.afnor.org). fic process for production, transport, dreds of stakeholders (consulting firms On the other hand, it implements the transformation, etc. and is build up with and database holders, businesses, pro- official database for supporting envi- pre-established and homogeneous rules. Agriculture This approach and tool are designed to assess energy and GHG emissions from agriculture and fessional associations, technical centers, ronmental labelling: Base IMPACTS®, and forestry forestry, on a territorial scale. This approach is complementary to the Dia’terre® tool. or associations). which provides users with indicators of AGRIBALYSE® has been used to compile life cycle inventories for the main agricultural AGRIBALYSE® commodities produced in France, using a uniform methodology that classes products ADEME tools in representative « product groups ».

ADEME publishes methodological manuals on assessment of GHG emissions in certain sectors: Sectorial guides 13 sectorial guides are currently available to the public, all posted online at the GHG Accounting The adaptation of Energy- translated and adapted to specific to GHG accounting Resources Centre. climate tools at the country settings. Germany and Mexi- international level co are among the first examples. This tool has been developed by Energies Demain ; it reconstitutes energy consumption in residential In addition to ABC a number of French ® To make low carbon solutions such Enerter and tertiary buildings, by type of use and type of energy, on multiple territorial scales, from consulting firms have worked with municipality to the country as a whole. as Bilan Carbon® and SM-GES more international actors to develop their

tools readily available, and to foster inter- This model developed by ARTELIA furnishes a multisectorial accounting of energy consumption and energy-carbon accounting methodo- CLE Terr® national harmonisation of practices, Examples of

private-sector GHG emissions, on all territorial scales, and allows users to build energy transition scenarios. logy. This list of partnerships includes Association Bilan Carbone® (ABC) (see ECIC and IES with the Asian Institute of box p. 9) is adapting these solutions Technology, EcoAct and EnvirOconsult This tool, integrating transport and urban infrastructure, has been developed by the Société du for the international context. in Brazil, Internat Energy Solutions CarbOptimum Grand Paris, for the purpose of measuring the carbon footprint of the future Paris-area metropolitan The adaptation of Bilan Carbone® to and EnvirOconsult in Canada and the transport network, « Grand Paris » Express. other countries relies on the integra- United States, IES and ECIC in China, tion and adaptation of numerous local The Caisse des Dépôts et des Consignations (CDC) proposes this Baromètre Carbone (Carbone Albea in Spain, EnvirOconsult, Trans- emission factors. Those international barometer), a measurement and decision-making tool, to all the local authorities in the Île-de-France Carbon and IES in Morocco, Cabinet Baromètre versions of Bilan Carbone® are com- region concerned by local development agreements in the framework of the Grand Paris metro area Espère in Senegal, I Care Environne- Carbone monly used by organisations in many Dedicated tools plan. This tool simulates the carbon impact of the various scenarios anticipated for these development ment in Tunisia, Burgeap in Turkey agreements. countries. and Artelia in Vietnam ABC has instituted partnerships to develop local training sessions, and to disseminate tools that have been Tools for the agricultural sector Software solutions for climate and energy reporting in the events sector in France The agricultural stakeholders in France have been working for several years to elaborate environmental assessment Verteego furnishes a dedicated software platform that and audit tools for agriculture. Solagro, for instance, has companies and territorial authorities can use to report extra- contributed to the European Life+ AgriClimateChange project financial indicators, including GHG emissions and energy Latin America (Corporación Andina de Fo- scheme across the whole country (trai- that has tested energy-GHG audit tools, leading to plans consumption. As an example, Verteego and its business The GHG emissions assessment mento, CAF) and the National Center for ning consulting firms, mobilising com- to improve the environmental performance of the farms partner Green Évènements Conseil have worked with events tool for projects financed Transportation Studies (NCTS) in the Phi- panies, cofinancing the first round of involved. The national agronomy institute INRA and technical organisation companies in France, under the leadership of by the French Development lippines. AFD also promotes this tool to audits, etc). institutes dedicated to agricultural sectors and activities UNIMEV and the Île-de-France Regional Tourism Committee, Agency (AFD) other international aid donors, including (ACTA Agricultural Technical Coordination Association, Arvalis to provide events venues, organisers, service providers the World Bank. Plant institute, IDELE Livestock Institute, among others) have and exhibitors with a web-based calculator of overall event Carbone 4 elaborated a tool to estimate Adapting the French Bilan ® pooled and validated life cycle data for agricultural products performance. This calculator will enable the events sector emissions associated with the funding Carbone method to China in the framework of AGRIBALYSE®. to improve its climate footprint and energy efficiency, and of 28 different types of projects in six Energy-carbon accounting and the city of Wuhan reduce waste. areas of activity (energy, agriculture and expertise in Tunisia forestry, waste, water, industry and trans- In the framework of the institutional port). This tool is designed for simplicity The know-how of I Care Environnement twinning between Bordeaux and Wuhan, and rapidity, so that it can be used directly has been mobilised for the concep- the two cities decided to work together by project officers in charge of setting up tion of the GHG emissions accounting to adapt the French GHG accounting me- funding. With this tool the GHG emissions mechanism used by the National Energy thod to the Chinese context. Under the L'INDICE CARBONE de ce produit Carbon footprint of consumer products of two different project proposals can be Management Agency (ANME) in Tunisia. project the experts from Wuhan received This project dedicated to developing training, ensuring transfer of skills. This 450g compared. Carbone 4 has trained over de CO2 Everyone is concerned when it comes to fighting climate change. Individuals have an 60 AFD project officers in the methodo- an accounting tool, with support from mission was carried out by the French important role to play, via their consumption and life style choices. To fulfil this role, logy and use of the tool, as well as pro- ADEME, is designed to enable Tunisia consulting firms ECIC and IES, and the Faible impact Fort impact environnemental environnemental consumers must have complete and objective environmental information on the ject officers at the Development Bank of to implement its carbon assessment Chinese firm CQC. overall characteristics of products plus their packaging. This is the goal of environ- Plus d’informations : www.produits-casino.fr ou SERVICE CONSOMMATEURS mental information labelling. French retailers such as Casino and Décathlon, among others are developing environmental information labelling in their stores

ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE – FRENCH KNOW-HOW | 10-11 France participates in the Global Cli- mate Observation System (GCOS), which is a joint undertaking of the PROCLIM – cutting-edge centres such as Météo France and the ASSESSING THE CONSEQUENCES UK Met Office, among others, are invol- World Meteorological Organization climate services (WMO), the International Council for ved in CORDEX. The CORDEX databases, Science (ICSU), the Intergovernmen- PROCLIM is an initiative of the interna- on which the most recent IPCC report tal Oceanographic Commission (IOC) tionally oriented French research and (AR5) is founded, have been progres- OF CLIMATE CHANGE and the United Nations Environment consulting firm TEC. PROCLIM delivers sively made available to the scientific Programme (UNEP). The purpose of climate projection data and services for community since late 2013. the national GCOS communication is all types of customers throughout the PROCLIM is designed to improve and to verify that the French climate sur- world. foster climate adaptation at local and regional scales, proposing the latest Adapting to climate change has be- The following diagram is taken from different sectors of activity (agricultu- veillance system is effective and com- The starting point of this initiative is the generation of climate data and pro- plies with the specific requirements Coordinated Regional Climate Downs- come a major concern, even if uncer- the Impact’Climat approach that can re, tourism, buildings and infrastruc- jections, and also providing updated of the 1992 Rio Climate Convention caling Experiment (CORDEX) that aims tainty persists as to the magnitude be used to assess vulnerability: ana- ture, etc.) in order to rank exposure methods for visualising, interpreting of climate change. Adaptation must lysis of climate indicators and trends, and vulnerability. and the Kyoto Protocol. The national to give a reliable interpretation of cli- mate information, and disseminate and communicating information, thus be considered an indispensable ap- assessment of climate sensitivity in Observation Services are certified by this information for decision-making strengthening robust and effective de- proach, supplementing the mitigation the National Institute for Universe purposes. World-class climate research cision-making in an uncertain context. actions already undertaken. Sciences – INSU (« Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers »), and are One of the essential stages of adap- run by the Science of the Universe ting to climate change is to carry out Observatory – OSU (« Observatoires an assessment to determine what des Sciences de l’Univers »). multiple organisations, and to disse- and proposes at the international le- is at stake, set priorities and lay the minate the available information. vel its integrated observation systems groundwork for a monitoring and eva- Since 2010 the systematic observation and climate services. Météo-France luation process. system in France has been structured Météo-France has a central place in International is present in over a hun- by the Observation and experimen- the systematic observation network, dred countries. tation services for environmental by reason of its history, its ties with research – SOERE (« Services d’Ob- the World Meteorological Organi- France also leads or participates servation et d’Expérimentation pour sation, and its territorial presence. in numerous scientific projects, some evaluate French climate models, and to climate change in France. ONERC la Recherche en Environnement »). Météo-France International is dedi- of which are described in the box simulate, analyse and interpret past was created in 2001, giving a concrete SOERE’s brief is to build a network of cated to disseminating the know-how below and future climate conditions. form to the French government’s deci- observations systems operated by of Météo-France around the world, sion to tackle climate issues. The ob- The fundamental principles and the servatory has three main missions: limitations of climate modelling are outlined for the general public in a • to collect and disseminate informa- brochure entitled «Climat: modéliser tion on risks related to global war- pour comprendre et anticiper» (Mo- ming, delling Climate change to understand • to formulate recommendations for Focused initiatives to produce The GASPAR database « Gestion assistée to provide support for public policies. and anticipate), along with the main preventive actions and adaptation and disseminate data on des procédures administratives relatives Since 1999 a hundred or so research Operational early warning centre for flood prevention, SPC, conclusions to be drawn from the measures, aux Risques naturals et technologiques » projects and innovative cutting-edge DREAL Midi-Pyrénées - © Bernard Suard, MEDDE-MLET climate trends analysis of simulations produced by • to pursue a dialogue with developing (Report of administrative procedures for studies have been funded under this French researchers. countries in order to facilitate their Research to obtain data on The DRIAS « Futures of Climate » natural and technological Risks) lists all programme. The National Plan for Adap- energy transition. natural disaster decrees by municipality tation to Climate Change (PNACC) is in climate trends and extreme portal is an initiative unique in the world, In addition, the French National for dissemination and popularisation of in France. This information system on part based on the findings established weather events Observatory on Climate Change ONERC is also the entry point for climate trend information. This portal natural risks is the backbone of the risk by GICC. Impacts – ONERC (Observatoire Na- IPCC in France. Documentation and was developed by Météo-France to prevention mechanism set up by the The World Climate Research Pro- tional sur les Effets du Réchauffement research papers are posted on the make available regionalised climate General Directorate for Risk Prevention gramme (WCRP) coordinates interna- Climatique) is the designated autho- ONERC website since 2011 projections based on data produced (DGPR) (« Direction générale de la tional work, periodically organising ritative body on issues of adaptation by French climate research institutions prévention des risques »). model comparison exercises under (CERFACS, CNFM, IPSL). the Coupled Model Intercomparison The PRODIGUER data distribution sys- Project (CMIP) that provides the scien- Reports on the state of the climate in France in the 21st century It is an invaluable resource for tem is designed to ensure dissemination tific underpinnings of the IPCC reports. implementing impact and adaptation and effective use of climate projections, In France this coordination is ensured The expertise of the French climate science community was solicited to produce a studies. by French researchers working on in- under the MISSTERRE project, with scientific evaluation of climate conditions in France in the 21st century. Dr Jean Jouzel The research programme Manage- ternational projects, and more broadly work provided by several modelisa- headed this undertaking, and work was carried out by researchers from CNRS/INSU/ ment and Impacts of Climate Change by the various users involved in climate tion laboratories : Cerfacs, CNRM-GA- ISPL and LGGE, from Météo-France, BRGM, CEA, CETMET and CNES. The findings of this – GICC (« Gestion et Impacts du Change- change research. ME and the Institut Pierre Simon La- team are compiled in a series of publications under the title « The Climate in France in ment Climatique ») was developed by the The effects of climate change on agricul- place (IPSL), and their partners in the the 21st Century », disseminated by ONERC. French Ministry for Ecology (MEDDE) as ture and on forests have been studied Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophy- This tool provides reference climate indicators that serve as the baseline for the part of the adaptation approach adopted under the CLIMATOR research project, sique de l’Environnement (LGGE) and elaboration of climate change adaptation measures. It is an indispensable resource for in the late 1990s; the programme aims financed by the National Research Agen- at the University of Louvain-la-Neuve the many actors involved in adaptation action, including local authorities, the private to enhance knowledge on exposure and cy (ANR), and via the AFClim prospec- in Belgium. This programme is a sector in the economy, associations and national government administrations and sensitivity to climate variability, in order tive research study. framework for sharing and exchan- services. ging research results, to develop and

ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE – FRENCH KNOW-HOW | 12-13 Sectoral audits of climate change impacts The « Impact’Climat » audit tool Recommendation guide for The EPICEA project in Paris A number of initiatives have been set local authorities to fight urban up under the climate plan: transport Territorial or thematic approaches ADEME has developed a simple learning tool to help local authorities in mainland The EPICEA project (standing for « mul- passes for unlimited access to train and heat island effects, ADEME, bus service throughout the territory can be used to investigate exposure France and overseas territories to launch their adaptation process, by assessing the tidisciplinary study on the impacts of Île-de-France region, 2012 climate change at the scale of the Paris (different passes for Valley residents, to different climate parameters and consequences of climate change on their territory. area » - Étude pluridisciplinaire des Residents, Seasonal residents, and events (flooding, high water, heat This manual, written for local authorities impacts du changement climatique à Guests); development and optimisation wave, major storm, etc.) and to assess This tool comprises: and development authorities, lists avai- l’échelle de l’agglomération parisienne) of train service on the St-Gervais-Vallor- social, economic and environmental • an Excel spreadsheet file in which users enter data and can visualise outcomes in lable and recommended steps that can is conducted jointly by Météo-France, cine-Mont-Blanc Express (adaptation of vulnerability. French research teams terms of climate impacts and territorial vulnerability; be taken to mitigate the urban heat island the Scientific and Technical Centre for timetables, increase of train frequencies and territorial entities are preparing • a manual to guide users in using the materials. effect. It is based on current knowledge, Construction (CSTB) and the City of Paris, and of the capacity to carry bicycles, and will be enriched via a research and This tool is intended for users in charge of leading the adaptation process in the in the framework of the « Paris 2030 » Re- development of rail freight service); to test new approaches to address study programme designed to improve these new issues. context of a local territorial authority. It provides an overall view of the vulnerabilities search Programme. EPICEA has provided installation of a wood-fired boiler in knowledge and decision-making in this Vallorcine to heat an 80-unit tourist that can affect territories, and identifies the skills and assets that can be involved to scientific insights into the possibilities of field. Among the recommended mea- territorial adaptation to climate change. residence and several public buildings. implement adaptation action. sures are water management, creation Firstly, climate scientists at Météo-France These measures have encouraged mar- of planted surfaces, and the choice of closely analysed the effects of the 2003 keting of « ecotourism » and the deve- construction materials for buildings and heat wave as observed in Paris, on the lopment of inter-seasonal activities that streets. basis of a detailed description of the will help offset the potentially negative physical characteristics of the built envi- economic effects of climate change. Methodological tools for ADEME has completed several ma- Engineering and consulting firms ronment, recording both urban structure Examples of action in French analysing the vulnerability nuals and tools on climate change bring their technical expertise and ex- and the properties of building materials. cities: The Grand Lyon The Atelier Parisien d’Urbanisme (Apur) Modelling of urban heat islands of a territory adaptation, to enable different ac- perience in project management and tors to address this issue according work with territories to the conception metropolitan area took part in the study comparing the phenomenon in Madrid effects of different urban improvement to their needs and areas of interest. of these methodological tools The French know-how is also express scenarios elaborated for Paris: modifica- These materials are freely available A study of vulnerability to climate change NOVELTIS uses an approach based on an through methodological tools, among highlighted heat peaks as one of the tion of radiative properties of building fa- atmospheric model and analysis of sa- at ADEME’s resources centre on terri- others, that make it possible to trans- main risks among the topics addressed, çades and roofs, planting of greeneries, tellite images to address the heat island torial climate-energy plans, via www. pose audit methods to all territorial spurring the Grand Lyon metropolitan humidification of street surfaces. issue. This phenomenon is characterised pcet-ademe.fr. levels. area authorities to focus their first adap- using information on confirmed past tation work on this issue. A methodology heat island episodes drawn from satel- to identify heat islands was developed The voluntary Territorial lite images. The model represents heat in 2008, and they were mapped onto a Climate-Energy Plan in the island variations as a function of land cartographic modelisation of the greater Chamonix-Mont-Blanc Valley use. This two-pronged tool is suitable Lyon area. for studying the phenomenon from the Practical guide for the assessment of climate change vulnerability by local authorities – SoeS – The Chamonix-Mont-Blanc Valley has « meso » scale to the local scale, taking into account the whole territory affected Commissioner-General for Sustainable Development (CGDD), February 2011 four townships (Vallorcine, Chamonix, Les Houches and Servoz) and a popula- by the heat island effect. tion of about 14,000, plus 100,000 sum- This common method aims to provide mer visitors and about 80,000 in winter. The example constructed for Madrid local authorities with the means to assess Define priority activities With its voluntary Territorial Climate- clearly demonstrates the differences in their vulnerability, in terms of their for the territory Energy Plan set up in 2010, this com- vertical heat island structure under diffe- activities and physical characteristics, munity is exemplary in the fight against rent land use and infrastructure scena- and in the medium and long term. Define the physical characteristics climate change (www.cc-valleedechamo- rios. The consequences of these choices on the natural respiration of the city are of the territory of the territory nixmontblanc.fr/index.php/la-commu- Characterisation highlighted, and can be used to guide This manual can be used by all local naute/grands-programmes.html). It was policy making. The modelisation carried authorities, regardless of their size and also the first resort in the Rhône-Alpes out by NOVELTIS provides support for administrative boundaries. Two comple- Apply the Feedback from region to qualify for the sustainable development label Flocon Vert (« Green territorial land use and infrastructure

Tools vulnerability grid indicators mentary approaches are presented: focus points Snowflake ») created by the Mountain decisions, by determining the influence • a vulnerability matrix, Riders association (www.flocon-vert.org/ of urban canopy structure on air and sur- Apply methodological projects/valleechamonixmont-blanc). face temperatures, within and around an • feedback analysis. urban area. Assessment of vulnerability and opportunities

Results At the same time as this adaptation strategy was put into place, a « Tree Task Source: Practical guide for the assessment of climate change vulnerability by local authorities – SoeS – Commissioner-General for Sustainable Development (CGDD), February 2011 Force » was created to set forth the gui- ding principles for managing vegetation in the urban area. A charter of principles was drawn up, acknowledging the cli- mate role of trees in cities, and the po- tential impact of climate change on trees. Cooling in cities: a first-order concern at local level in France

The urban heat island phenomenon is to both neighbourhood characteris- This topic has been addressed only characterised by a rise of air and sur- tics (street orientation, impermeable relatively recently, and several studies face temperatures (mean and extre- surfacing, average albedo, etc.) and are underway to help large French ci- me) in specific urban areas. Increases activities (sources of additional heat ties begin to understand this pheno- in urban heat are due to the conjunc- such as means of transport, industrial menon tion of a number of factors, pertaining activities, etc.).

ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE – FRENCH KNOW-HOW | 14-15 Assessing the costs of impacts The evaluation was conducted by 10 the- based on analysis of feedback from ex- CLIMATE-ENERGY ACTION PLAN and adaptation matic focus groups (natural risks, health, perience and/or on research work, and water, biodiversity, agriculture, forests, has been reused in territorial studies on Following the recommendations of the energy, tourism, infrastructure, and terri- climate vulnerability and adaptation. National Climate Plan (2004), an inter-mi- tories) and was articulated in two stages: AT THE LOCAL LEVEL nisterial panel was created in March • qualitative assessment of the sectoral 2007 to evaluate the cost of the impacts impacts of climate change, on the basis of climate change and of related adapta- of the existing literature, tion measures, at the national level. • quantitative evaluation of the costs of impacts and adaptation. Cover page, Territorial climate-energy This work was carried out between 2007 Changement climatique – Coûts plans (TCEP) and regional Nantes, a pioneering TCEP and 2009, and constituted the working The findings of this work have been pu- des impacts et pistes The TCEP drawn up by the city of Nantes boasts some remarkable measures, among d’adaptation ONERC, climate-air-energy schemes basis for the National Adaptation Plan a total of 150: blished, and are available on the ONERC 2009. Published by (SRCAEs): the planning issued in July 2011. website. The evaluation methodology is La Documentation Française. framework for action in Areas of action Examples French local territories New modelling of the Loire river for a flood risk prevention plan The TCEP (in French: Plan Climat Ener- Adaptation – Support for the Vegdud research project devoted to the role of vegetation in sustainable urban development… gie Territorial – PCET) is the framework Exemplary for action at different territorial levels Internal mobility plan – adoption of a clean vehicle fleet - Energy action in- in France, encompassing steps to hold optimisation of street lighting… down energy consumption, boost re- house Support for the Espace Info Energie information office - Team of six newable energy production, reduce Coordination Climate vulnerability study climate advisers to improve the energy performance of multi-owner GHG emissions and adapt to climate at local level for the Dakar region change. apartment buildings… Renovation/extension/creation of district heating networks fuelled by Energy With funding from ARENE (the Re- Referring to the issues identified by a wood boilers – Solar thermal energy bonus for residents… gional Agency for the Environment territorial audit, including assessment EU project Concerto-act2 (development of energy management and New Energies in Île-de-France), Urban of GHG emissions and the conse- and renewable energy in local authorities throughout Europe) researchers at the Institut de Re- planning and quences of climate change, the TCEP in association with the City of Hanover, focusing on energy renovation cherche pour le Développement establishes a territorial strategy that performance in urban renewal. (IRD) and their partner carried out a defines objectives, and an operational Transport and vulnerability study for adapting the Extension of the Chronobus public transport network. action plan, both elaborated in close mobility territory of the Dakar region to Cli- collaboration with local stakeholders. mate Change. Dry pond, Sevran, 2006 © Laurent Mignaux MEDDE-MLET Aerial view of devastated areas in the Var, 2014 © Arnaud Bouissou MEDDE-MLET The City of Paris and its TCEP TCEP must be compatible with the First adopted in 2007 and then updated in 2012, the Paris climate-energy plan calls This study assesses the impacts of regional schemes (SRCAE) for a 75 % reduction in emissions by 2050: climate change, taking into account weather events, systemic social and A territorial approach to adaptation These regional schemes aim to rein- Areas Examples economic vulnerabilities and spe- of action force the coherence of infraregional cific local characteristics, and pro- The French General Commission for Climate change will affect all physical action, by creating a strategic and Land Use Renewal of 10 % of the city’s area (10 km²) to attain high energy Territorial Equality - CGET (« Com- spaces: some territories may find op- poses strategies for adaptation via Planning efficiency and low carbon standards concrete measures at different terri- forward-looking framework based on missariat Général à l’Egalité des portunities in this change, others will 15% reduction in emissions (900,000 t CO2 eq) obtained by building torial scales. wide consultation. These plans are Housing/pu- Territoires ») is pursuing, as part of see increasing vulnerability. Geogra- 25,000 public housing units to high energy efficiency standards, and elaborated jointly by the regional go- blic buildings its «Territoires 2040 » prospective stu- phic diversity and varying capacities vernment and by decentralised offices by renovation of 25,000 units dy, an investigation on adaptation to to anticipate and adapt to this change This work describes a territory with exceptionally favourable geographic of the national government, to facili- • Opening of new tramway lines, large-scale implantation of the Vélib bike- climate change in French territories, are determining factors for equality share scheme and the Autolib shared electric vehicle rental service. and environmental conditions – pro- tate coordination of regional and ter- Mobility in association with the Secretary-Ge- between territories. • Certain metro lines extended, longer service hours on weekends, tected harbour, mild microclimate ritorial goals with national, European neral for Regional Affairs – SGAR (Se- 15 BRT lines created, 700 km of bike lanes. – and reveals the mechanisms that and international commitments crétaires Généraux aux Affaires Régio- The difficulties involved in imagining contribute to its vulnerability: expo- • First full audit conducted to assess the robustness and nales) and territorial actors. the social and economic implications nential growth, receding coastline, vulnerabilities of Paris in the face of climate change of this change, and in designing ro- Adaptation • New green areas planted on over 100 hectares in 10 years increasing scarcity of green space, This work is conducted at the inter-re- bust and operational adaptation • Stronger preventive measures under the national scheme to care absence of exploitation of clean en- gional and national scales, and has measures, confirm this analysis. By for persons at risk in the event of a heat wave ergy resources, inadequate gover- TCEP: regulatory contributed to elaboration of the Na- evaluating the measures undertaken, nance… or voluntary? • Action to prevent and abate energy and fuel poverty : tional Plan for Adaptation to Climate pathways to substantial improvement « 100,000 Low-Energy Light Bulbs » campaign for low-income Change (PNACC) in France, and in par- of public action can be identified, to Starting in 2010, TCEP have been residents in Paris, 15,000 water-saver kits installed in public housing Consumption by the water utility Eau de Paris ticular to the sections devoted to go- meet the challenges of the future: mandatory for local authorities and vernance, and to the regional climate, deeper and more thoroughly appro- • Sustainable food resources : 30 % organic foods in city food services groups of local communities with a (schools, employee canteens), representing 30 million meals/year, energy and air quality plans (Schémas priated knowledge of territorial im- population of over 50,000. Smaller and 25,000 t of avoided CO2 emissions/year Régionaux Climat Air Énergie, SRCAE). pacts due to climate change; a focus local authorities and territories with The Parisian Climate Agency was created to proactively support the This research will be published, and on pertinent and coordinated spatial special projects (regional natural Outreach in Climate Plan. A « serious game », Clim’Way Paris, has been launched will nourish thinking at CGET for the and temporal scales; integration of parks, for example) can establish an construction of future policies to en- existing strategies and instruments; the territory to give all Paris residents the opportunity to complete their own action plan on a voluntary basis. climate plan by 2050. sure equality between territories. support and guidance for adaptation mechanisms

ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE – FRENCH KNOW-HOW | 16-17 The foundations of the French Regional sustainable development The international success method: Animation and and environmental policies are fol- of the TCEP approach The Air, Climate and Energy Plan of the Rio Grande consultation lowed by the regional directorates for do Sul state (RS) in Brazil, and good practices guide the environment, infrastructure and There are numerous examples of for municipalities land use, and housing (DREAL) and A range of technical competencies, TCEP projects designed by French by ADEME’s regional offices. These Coordinated by the consulting firm The TCEP was then adopted and its from environmental and economic companies and organisations for va- bodies accompany actions at the lo- EnvirOconsult in collaboration with implementation began in 2012 for impact studies to evaluation of social rious international local authorities, cal level, in coherence with the natio- Asconit Consultants, and financed by a budget worth 1,5 millions of reals outcomes, are brought into play to with varying and particular charac- nal vision. They work in coordination FASEP (French Private Sector Study and (more than 600 000€). Among other identify potential areas for action and teristics and challenges, showing and partnership with regional actors: Aid Fund), the Rio Grande do Sul Plan measures: the upgrading of air quality to assess the relevance and feasibility that these tools initially designed for local authorities, associations, techni- for Air Climate and Energy (PACE) trans- monitoring stations, the development of proposed measures. In methodo- France can be successfully transposed cal firms and consultants, companies, poses the TCEP and SRCAE methodolo- of incineration in RS and the emissions logical terms, a collective elaboration to other very different contexts. chambers of commerce, industry and gies. This project supported RS – popu- control, a hydrogen bus project in Porto process based on consultation of all lation 10 million, in an area half the size Alegre and the dissemination of a guide Climat’Pratic agriculture, professional associations. The prime lessons to be drawn from stakeholders in a local authority is ge- of France – to acquire tools to realise its on good environmental practices to 290 these success stories are the impor- nerally the preferred approach. energy-climate profile while consulting cities in RS in January 2014 by the Secre- ADEME proposes tools for rural ter- Various networks of partners are tance of the initial understanding of ritories that do not have sufficient involved in territorial climate-ener- with local stakeholders. tary of State for Environment. ADEME provides technical and me- the specific needs and stakes for the resources to carry out their projects gy action, allowing local authorities thodological support for this develop- local entity, and the recognition of the on their own. to exchange information and work ment of competencies, with training importance of action to accompany One of these tools is Climat’Pratic, together. One such network is the modules on territorial climate-energy the territorial climate project. designed to assist users who want Network of Regional Agencies for En- plans intended for elected officials to draw up and implement a cli- ergy and Environment (RARE), with Low Carbon Cities: an energy-climate approach for Asian cities, and technical staff in local authorities mate-energy policy or a TCEP. 12 member agencies. Another no- supported by the Asian Institute of Technology and for technical firms. All pertinent Using the local approach to Climat’Pratic is conceived for mu- table actor is the Négawatt Institute, information on these plans is avai- Asia counts more than half of the po- reduction plan, and to implement these nicipalities of 50,000 population or a research and training organisa- reduce GHG emissions from lable through the TCEP Resources pulation in the world. Its urban popu- pilot actions immediately on their terri- less, groups of territories (« Pays ») tion that works with territorial enti- agriculture and forestry Centre, including a TCEP observato- lation should reach 55% by 2030 (40% tory (composting, green line, reduction and regional natural parks. It provi- ties, local authorities and companies ry, a method for elaborating and im- in 2005). To meet these challenges, of fertilizers, bicycling in cities, energy des users with a step-by-step guide on pilot energy transition projects. ADEME has provided support for dis- plementing a TCEP, useful tools and so that they can rapidly and auto- semination of the ClimAgri tool and the Low Carbon Cities programme, savings sensitization, etc.) Today some We should also mention territorial launched by the Asian Institute of Tech- of these cities would like to continue the supporting action, ADEME training nomously draw up a climate-energy method since 2009. This tool enables networks such as the Association for nology (AIT)*, supported 10 small and approach and to better integrate urban modules, etc. action programme that is tailored to users to carry out an energy and GHG Promotion and Cooperation of local medium cities (between 100 000 and planning and environmental resources their territories. audit of agricultural and forestry acti- authorities (APFD) and the Resource 500 000 inhabitants) in SouthtEast Asia management. vities on a territorial scale, in order to Centre for the promotion of territo- (Laos, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam) A local dynamic animation Climat’Pratic carries no royalties draw up an action plan. This approach * with the support of the consulting firms ECIC, IES rial development (ETD), which now to realise a TCEP or a GHG emissions and EXPLICIT. supported by regional public or fees, and is flexible and adap- include the issue of climate change in is often used in developing TCEP and table to all local circumstances. bodies and networks of their priorities; the Network for Ener- SRCAE plans. To define an action plan Developed by Climate Action gy Transition (CLER) which animates territories can also refer to mitigation partners Network-France, ADEME, ETD (the the Positive Energy Territories (TEPos) measures and studies presented in Resource Center for the promo- initiative (see p. 20); and the network the publication « Quelle contribution Climate and energy action in France tion of territorial development) Building institutional capacity to promote sustainable forest Climate Action Network (RAC). Each of de l’agriculture française à la réduction is spearheaded by the regional go- and CLER (Network for Energy these groups helps drive local action, des émissions de GES ? » (how can the management in the Congo River basin vernments, most notably via their Transition), it can be downloaded via conferences, technical information French agriculture contribute to redu- responsibility for managing regional free of charge. With financing from the World Bank, the Nature +, carried out a mission to rein- climate-air-energy schemes (SRCAEs) days, topical training, regular publica- cing GHG emissions) commissioned Commission on Forests in Central Africa force technical capacities for measuring and European climate funds. tions, etc from INRA by ADEME and the Agricul- (COMIFAC) has launched the PREREDD+ and monitoring carbon stocks in the ture and Ecology ministries. ADEME project to learn more about and better Congo river basin forests. Using their has also worked with RAC to compile coordinate work on REDD+ issues in the work, which was presented at a regional two collections of territorial achieve- Congo basin. workshop in Brazzaville in April 2014, ments that illustrate concrete action allometric equations have been establi- in the field, for both mitigation and ONF International, a consulting firm shed for the purpose of estimating bio- adaptation to climate change. specialised in sustainable ecosystem mass and forest carbon stocks. Reducing GHG emissions related to infrastructure management, together with TEREA and The research department at CDC Cli- projects and urban planning mat Research coordinates two topical groups that focus on this issue: The Urban planning is a key discipline, with ME and CEREMA are designed for an ove- « Club Carbone Forêt-Bois » (Wood multiple implications for the energy rall assessment of the impacts of choices and Forestry Carbon Club) works with consumption and carbon footprint of a enacted in urban planning documents: Working with developing countries via public and private-sector actors in fo- territory: types of housing, location of GHG emissions for different local in- the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) restry, to help companies and local au- various activities, organisation of trans- frastructure schemes are estimated and thorities gain access to carbon markets In the framework of climate finance and acts in the field to support local entre- port within the territory, appropriation compared, focusing on the issues that via the wood and forestry industry. The the CDM, the GERES non-governmental preneurs and foster a scale-change of public space, vegetation and greenery are impacted or influenced by various organisation has developed a project process. This programme will help in towns and cities, etc. planning regulations and measures. Club Climat Agriculture (Climate Agri- entitled « Domestic Climate and Energy make this solution widely available, and The «GES Urba» tools developed by ADE- culture Club) partners with INRA and An example of results obtained with the GES Urba tool the Standing Assembly of Chambers of in West Africa » (CEnAO). CEnAO aims encourage sustainable economic deve- Source: Artelia Agriculture to pool knowledge related to reduce fuel poverty and protect fo- lopment while curbing the effects of cli- to technical means and to economic rest resources by getting people to use mate change. incentives that can be deployed to mi- efficient wood stoves. Climate finance tigate and adapt to climate change.

ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE – FRENCH KNOW-HOW | 18-19 Positive-energy territories (TEPos) Biovallée®: an advanced positive-energy territory FRENCH COMPANIES COMMITTED Some territories want to move This territory tackled its positive-energy ders is working to build a network based beyond the TCEP framework, to adopt goals in 2011: on mutual learning and strong involve- more comprehensive sustainable • To reduce final energy consumption by ment of local businesses. An original development practices, or more 20 % by 2020, and by 50 % by 2040, achievement is the DORéMI scheme TO REDUCE THEIR GHG EMISSIONS ambitious approaches to certain • To cover 25 % of local energy needs for energy renovation in housing. This climate and energy issues. This with local renewable energy resources scheme is expected to create 150 jobs attitude is embodied in the positive- by 2020, and 100 % by 2040. by 2020, and contributes to broadening energy territories movement. One of the distinctive features of this the skills and know-how of both internal A positive-energy local authority project is that under a registered trade- and outside actors. Innovation at the heart of corporate strategies is one in which energy needs are mark – Biovallée® – a group of stakehol- reduced to a minimum, through Many companies have become aware • limiting the environmental impact of rational use of energy = and energy that it is in their interest to take mea- commercial and industrial sites: Re- efficiency, and where these needs are sures to reduce their GHG emissions, nault, working with Veolia, has achie- met by local renewable energy. These and thus improve the sustainability of ved a carbon-neutral plant; practices emphasise energy savings, French cities in European and international networks their activity. • innovative technology: Total has low carbon mobility and transport, pursued CO2 capture and geological Enterprises for Environment renewable energy and sustainable A positive dynamic for sharing European movement that unites local They can leverage a number of op- storage; knowledge among local authorities and and regional authorities in a voluntary waste management. tions, as seen in the following exa- • cutting CO2 emissions due to The French association of enter- for ongoing improvement is created by commitment to improve energy efficien- mples: work-related travel: Groupe Axa; participating in international networks cy and increase use of renewable ener- prises for environment (EpE) was To attract local authorities, elected • cutting manufacturing process emis- • industrial ecology: recovery of resi- founded in 1992. It numbers some officials, citizens and economic actors (Covenant of Mayors, European Ener- gy resources in their territories. sions: the Lafarge company has re- dual heat of an industrial site for dis- gy Award, ICLEI, CGLU, C40, NRJ4SD, 40 corporate members, French and to this goal, the positive-energy duced the environmental footprint trict heating purposes international, from all sectors of the practices of territories are supported among others). 80 cities and groups of municipalities of cement; are involved in Cit’ergie, the French ver- economy. via calls for projects issued by the 108 municipalities in France are parties sion of the European Energy Award pro- Ministry for ecology. The target is ities Risk man Epe has three aims: to the EU Covenant of Mayors, the main gramme (see box p. 26). ortun agem to engage 200 local authorities in a Opp ent • to analyse and look ahead, po- voluntary approach, under this new sitioning the group as a think tank energy and environmental model corporate image regulatory that is recognised as a pole of inter- for France, to boost development of national expertise; promising industrial chains, and to operational • to improve knowledge and Making the most of the energy dynamic new products and financial create jobs. and markets ISSUES in French overseas territories practices among its members, AT STAKE stimulate innovation by dialogue employee image between members and with Several French consulting firms have The Guadeloupe regional government motivation comparison stakeholders; Agenda 21 developed specific expertise on over- council has contracted with a consor- competitiveness • to build up corporate credibility seas local authorities. tium made up of consultants Explicit, in environmental matters, by publi- The Agenda 21 concept adopted at CSTB, Bird & Bird, and Huglo Lepage, for Source: Eurogroup Consulting cising companies’ pioneering achie- the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, is an ef- H3C-CARAIBES, a company created assistance in technical and legal project vements. fective sustainable development tool to offer a local response to local management, regarding implementa- for local authorities and territories, climate and energy challenges overseas, tion of « energy certification ». EpE has published a brochure en- encompassing more than just energy helped elaborate the TCEP of the Cap Groupe Casino: titled « Entreprises’ Climate Ac- and climate issues. The TCEP consti- Excellence urban community in Guade- the Green Yellow initiative tions » that presents good practices tutes the climate and energy segment loupe, worked on the climate and air that EpE has identified among its of a local commitment to Agenda 21 segments of the regional SRCAE plans Groupe Casino has decided to bet on shopping centre in the town of Istres members and makes them known goals. Over 1,000 territorial Agenda 21 for Guadeloupe and for French Guiana, solar energy, and has created Green (Bouches-du-Rhône « département »). to a wider audience of French com- projects in France are identified on the and accompanied local authorities with Yellow, a subsidiary dedicated to produ- As of today over 25 photovoltaic instal- panies, to drive reduction of natio- Committee 21 portal exemplary energy and climate policies cing solar energy and to improving the lations have been brought on line, in nal GHG emissions without harming in the process of Cit’ergie® certification energy efficiency of Casino stores. mainland France and overseas. competitiveness. This guide com- (CACEM, Baie-Mahault). Saint Louis beach in Marie Galante piles a hundred or so examples, for © Jérôme Couroucé/MEDDE-MLET An ambitious programme to install Energy efficiency measures have also photovoltaic panels on store roofs and been taken: closed refrigeration units in nearly all types of emissions, and is parking areas was started up in 2007. stores, and High Environmental Quality® available free of charge, in French The first installations were built at two (HQE) certification for some Casino and in English, on the EpE website. shopping centres on the islands of Ré- warehouse facilities. union and Mayotte, and at the Casino

ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE – FRENCH KNOW-HOW | 20-21 Sectorial adaptation plans

ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE: Public and semi-public organisations coastal protection agency (« Conserva- can address the challenges that arise toire du littoral ») decided to conduct in sectors where climate variabi- a study to clarify the major outcomes lity poses very specific challenges. at stake and the levers for action at PUBLIC AND PRIVATE-SECTOR These structures are able to pilot sec- the agency’s disposal to redefine its tor-based adaptive measures. strategy in the light of climate change.

The seashore and coastal areas face Likewise, management of water sup- INITIATIVES many challenges, socioeconomic, ply is a very important issue in the human and environmental. They are context of adaptation to climate subject to events and phenomena change. With this in mind the RMC Major infrastructure work to fight coastal erosion at the Saint- – erosion, submersion, storms, etc. – Rhône Mediterranean Corsica Wa- Cyprien beach © Arnaud Bouissou MEDDE-MLET that may increase in frequency and ter Agency has initiated work to gain The question of mitigation of climate intensity in a changing climate. better knowledge of the impacts of the agency’s hydrological basin change was addressed before that of Faced with these hazards, the French climate change on water resources in adaptation, but the latter is now recei- National climate change adaptation National consultation National ving increasing attention in the fight strategy (ONERC) on adaptation adaptation plan against the effects of climate change. A number of initiatives have emerged Autumn in France, aimed at actors in both the 2006 2007-2009 2010 2010 2011 public and private sectors, including RMC Water Agency : Impacts of climate change Adaptation of agriculture construction of cross-disciplinary me- Evaluation of the cost Consultation of climate change impacts in France process in regions « Climate change in French Guiana : hazards and forestry to climate thodologies for territories, and the (inter-ministerial panel) adaptation plan of the and vulnerability change elaboration of action plans tailored to Rhône-Mediterranean- specific sectors of activity. Corsica basin» Using climate models it can be fore- To identify and build the adaptation seen that French Guiana, and more strategies that are most suited to Adaptation plans can be envisioned The agency considers that climate largely the Amazon region, will be af- the agriculture and forestry sectors, at various scales. The National Plan change is a major challenge to be fected by numerous impacts due to ADEME is devoting efforts to im- for Adaptation to Climate Change addressed in its strategy for wa- climate variability, in particular rising proving scientific knowledge on this (PNACC) took effect in June 2011, at Club ViTECC (Cities, territories and climate change) ter resource management in its sea level and temperatures, ineluc- topic among actors in the field. For the national level. This plan calls for Club ViTeCC is a platform for expertise It brings together local decision-makers territory. Following various initia- table phenomena in the coming de- instance, ADEME has accompanied steps to prevent flooding, to adapt and information exchange that aims and representatives of the private sec- tives in its basin territory (Aqua 2020, cades, and other possible processes, the publication of the Green Paper coastal areas and forests, and econo- to provide information about climate tor, and is endowed with a network of SOUSE PACA, R2D2, etc.) and at the such as increasingly severe dry sea- Climator, an ANR-INRA research pro- mic measures. change and pinpoint what is at stake lo- academic experts. Club ViTeCC is coor- national level (National Adaptation sons. The impacts on natural systems ject. The green book is a synthesis of cally, for GHG emissions reduction and dinated by the research department at Plan and the Explore 2070 project), will have consequences, of varying current knowledge on the impacts of A range of initiatives exists at other territorial adaptation alike. The platform CDC Climat Research, in collaboration the agency is now working on an significance, for the management climate change on agriculture and local levels: local authorities, “départe- analyses the financing tools and means with ONERC and Météo-France. adaptation strategy that will address and development of French Guiana forestry, and the levers for adapta- ments” and regions. ADEME proposes of action that are available. the issues highlighted in this audit. and its territory. In this context, an tion. guides and collections of international The strategy will be integrated into initial overall vision of the hazards, In addition, ADEME has worked with case studies to help territorial authori- the future framework scheme for risks and vulnerabilities to which the the regional Chamber of Agricultu- ties design and implement adaptation land use and water management region will be subject, and an estima- re of Poitou-Charentes to develop action plans. (Water development and manage- tion of potential impacts under diffe- ORACLE, a set of some 20 indicators Climate change and long-term strategy to preserve the seashore ment Master Plan, SDAGE 2016- rent plausible change scenarios and that can be used to observe and an- 2021). The ultimate objective is to adaptation measures, can be found ticipate the impact of climate change The French coastal protection agency • defining long-term options to be adop- build up a tool box that comprises in a recent study on the impact of cli- on agriculture in this region. This has conducted a three-part study: ted by the French coastal protection all the instruments that can be used mate change in French Guiana. This initiative was pursued with the de- • determination of physical sensitivity agency, regarding adaptation of the to ensure appropriate management work was coordinated by the French partmental Chamber of Agriculture to climate change impacts (erosion, agency’s strategy to address climate of water resources in the basin.The national geological survey, the Geo- of Creuse, and should be progres- submersion) at sites controlled by the change (shifting shoreline, implication reports « Present state of scientific logy and Mining Research Institute sively extended to other regions Conservatoire; in local and territorial projects, etc.). knowledge on climate change im- (BRGM), in collaboration with other where these issues are of particular • prospective exercise to elaborate sce- pacts » « Climate change vulnerabi- research organisations (IRD, CNRS, concern. narios for climate trends and the so- The findings of this study are sum- lities of the water catchment » and CIRAD, Pasteur Institute, IFREMER) cioeconomic future of the seashore by marised in a booklet available on the « Draft of the water catchment’s and support from DREAL Guiana 2030-2050; agency’s website. adaptation plan » are available (in ADEME Guiana and the Guiana re- Aerial view of the Var coastline gional council. © Arnaud Bouissou MEDDE-MLET French) on the agency’s website.

ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE – FRENCH KNOW-HOW | 22-23 Adaptation in island territories MONITORING AND EVALUATING Insular territories face major and adaptation strategies, in particular Vulnerability study carried out specific challenges when it comes to regional approaches experimented by under the Cap Excellence TCEP other island communities; adaptation to climate change. Well in Guadeloupe aware of this, a number of these ter- • elaborate a method for understanding ENERGY-CLIMATE APPROACHES ritories have embarked upon an adap- and characterising territorial vulnera- A vulnerability study was carried out tation strategy: bility with respect to climate change, by H3C-CARAÏBES as part of work to tailored to the setting and challenges develop a TCEP for Cap Excellence. This facing island communities, and train study underscored that the territory is national teams in each of these five Evaluating action It comprises several complementary In parallel several regions in France Climate change risk and vulnerable to rising sea levels, with 3,500 countries to enable them to conduct mechanisms that have been tested in have experimented with their own ap- vulnerability study in IOC companies, 15,000 jobs and 10,300 dwel- by local authorities rapidly an assessment of the current pilot projects, and are ready for disse- proaches, enriching the construction lings potentially affected, and to rising countries and formulation of a situation on a national scale; mination since 2014. of methods to come. One example is temperatures. The same firm has also Following the implementation of the regional adaptation strategy • coordinate a consultation process, to investigated the vulnerability of power first action plans via TCEP across the found in Poitou-Charentes share understanding of the concepts grids to climate change in Martinique. In the framework of the Acclimate pro- and consequences of climate change, country, it is of major importance to ject, the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), and determine expectations and priori- set up mechanisms to monitor and whose member states are Comoros, ties for each territory. evaluate the results obtained. The cli- Madagascar, Mauritius, La Réunion and N This work led to the joint construction mate-energy approaches should be O I UPD Seychelles, has commissioned a series of T AT of a regional strategy, supported by the 1 A A ING assessed to determine their value in R ND O TCE F studies from the consulting firms Asconit creation of a regional climate change ob- U P AU terms of the general interest, their re- IG D F I Consultants and Pareto, to: servatory and a resource centre, taking E T N R sults reported, and decisions made to P 5 E • draw up a review of the current state IO X into account the mobilisation of funding T -P revise the strategies and objectives, as A O of international work on climate change institutions. U 2 L T S I A I T N necessary. V D E T U V E E A A R E M T L U N E A D The accompanying diagram traces the A - T I A X I NEEDS, PROBLEMS, CHALLENGES O

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up a comprehensive methodological P operational achievements N M 4 O support process for local authorities. E I N T Beyond the public sector, and in • to mobilise in-house and outside This publication is available through the T A T O N partnership with public actors, French stakeholders, without whom SNCF EpE website. F E

A M companies are addressing the issue of could not take action. C E 3 T L IO RESOURCES P adaptation to climate change. N IM P LA N EpE-ONERC guide: « Entreprises CLIMARECORD: « Climat D rail » at SNCF and adaptation to climate Climate Plan monitoring change » As a first step a working group was for- tool tested by the Poitou- med to share the experience of railway Charentes region, in companies abroad, in particular in This guide, published jointly by ONERC collaboration with the monitoring United Kingdom, Japan and Spain. With and EpE, draws on previous work by EpE members in various sectors, from Climate and Environment these examples in mind, the French Assessment Regional railway company SNCF elaborated its water supply and industry to finance. It own adaptation strategy, following a lists a number of private initiatives that Agency (AREC) systemic approach. This three-pronged are aimed at adaptation, and suggests ADEME support for the TCEP monitoring/evaluation process strategy comprises a series of « no re- key points to guide businesses and help This software tool was devised jointly them: grets » measures: by ADEME, the regional government • National methodological manual for at three levels: the end purpose of the • to understand the potential conse- • to build up a knowledge base to achieve council, the regional environment monitoring and evaluating a TCEP: adaptation policy; the strategic and more precise measurement of risks quences of climate change for their activities; directorate DREAL and an « experi- this guidance is intended for TCEP operational objectives of this policy; and associated losses; menters’ group »; it is designed to project managers, to enable them to the action plan to achieve these objec- • to devise decision-making aids and • to identify levers they can use to monitor a set of indicators, for local carry out an overall assessment of the tives. tools for different relevant time frames: address these challenges in their ma- TCEP approach, as a public policy. It • Dedicated three-day training mo- emergency crisis management, pre- nagement and development strategies. authorities in Poitou-Charentes. vention plans and investment for the In addition to the software, CLI- establishes a common language and dule: as local authorities expressed medium term; MARECORD includes methodological describes all the approaches that cur- the need to acquire greater compe- manuals and reference data, to aid rently exist. tence, a training cycle was devised. in quantifying action on the GHG • « Objectif Climat » (Climate Ob- • Climate Plan Observatory: this emissions avoided. jective): ADEME developed this platform enables local authorities The method is useful for structuring spreadsheet tool and methodological to share good practices, by disse- an action plan, determining indica- handbook to help local authorities minating information sheets contri- tors to be monitored during execu- structure a climate change adaptation buted by the authorities themselves. tion of the plan (activity and impact), policy so it can be easily monitored A number of monitoring/evalua- establishing an annual report on the and evaluated. The method is based tion approaches have already been plan, and for revising its content. on a « logical framework » developed highlighted via this interface.

ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE – FRENCH KNOW-HOW | 24-25 Quality labelling processes Cit’ergie®: encouraging energy management Labelling is well worth the while for in municipalities and groups of municipalities INTERNATIONAL ACTION BY FRENCH sectors and actors in the economy who want to make known their Supported by ADEME in partnership quality management, applied to ener- voluntary action to address climate with associations representative of local gy and/or climate policy, for a period of change and sustainable development authorities and regions, Cit’ergie® sche- four years. Cit’ergie is based on a scale LOCAL AUTHORITIES THROUGH issues. It provides an opportunity to me is designed for all local authorities of three levels of performance, rewar- communicate on their commitments (municipalities and groups of munici- ded by two labels and a recognition that have been recognised under a palities) that have enacted or want to award: the Cit’ergie Label®, the Cit’ergie® standard process set up a territorial climate energy plan GOLD Label, and the Reconnaissance (TCEP). ADEME is a driving force behind CAP Cit’ergie® award. DECENTRALISED COOPERATION the scheme, in partnership with asso- As of 1 January 2014 12 % of the popula- ciations that represent local authorities, tion of France resided in localities reco- groups of municipalities and regional gnised under the Cit’ergie® scheme. ® governments. Cit’ergie is the French The cities of Besançon and Dunkerque Local authorities in France and in a territorial climate energy plan, also be transcended? What are the ways ® ® name for the European Energy Award have received the Cit’ergie GOLD La- other countries work together to carry requires coordination with infra-re- to address the need to create syner- Reaching road transport ® (eea ). It is intended for local authorities bel; 21 authorities have received the out international cooperation pro- gional territorial authorities and with gy among local policies? What can be professionals with « CO2 ® (municipalities and groups of municipa- Cit’ergie Label, and 12 are recognised jects in various domains, in particular the central government. Cooperation done to organise the different kinds of Objective » ® lities) that seek to proactively improve by the CAP Cit’ergie award. Another in support of sustainable develop- is driven by capacity building, sharing cooperation aid from local authorities their energy policy, in compliance with 43 local authorities are engaged in the ment. Nearly 5,000 local authorities of expertise and project engineering or countries into a coherent whole? Labelling can also be used to encou- climate objectives. scheme. in France have conducted over 13,000 skills, in a framework of mutual dis- rage voluntary measures to cut CO2 cooperation projects, under which the cussion. International cooperation also en- emissions, as they provide an oppor- This mechanism provides support and local authorities provide assistance riches the territorial climate-energy tunity for communication, highligh- assistance in constructing exemplary to companies, and at the same time The dynamics of territorial projects, plans that are being developed and ting a company’s commitments and energy-climate action programmes, implement development projects or climate, energy and cooperation ef- pursued in France, and demonstrates enhancing its image. awarding recognition of an authority’s This approach has been tested with policies to support local governance. forts provide the initial elements of the benefits of an international dimen-

the « CO2Objective » label for road Decentralised cooperation calls for an innovative vision of development sion for finding suitable responses in transport professionals. implication and synergy between in- aid. Many questions arise: how can all territories This is a voluntary scheme under The Jiha-Tinou project: Agadir, Chef-Chaouen and Oujda ternational stakeholders and funding the limits of a targeted measure or which transport companies (goods institutions, and, in the framework of even of structural action in a territory haulage and passenger transport) Moroccan counterpart of the European their respective echelons, to achieving sign a charter and pledge to re- Energy Award® scheme, Jiha Tinou is Morocco’s energy objectives for 2020.

duce their CO2 emissions, in the the territorial strategy of the Moroccan The pilot cities are Agadir, Chefchaouen Agency for Renewable Energy and Ener- and Oujda. Jiha Tinou is based on four framework of a three-year action TCEP in Minas Gerais, Brazil: decentralised cooperation led by the Nord-Pas de Calais region in France plan focusing on vehicles, fuels, dri- gy Efficiency (ADEREE). This strategy is major principles: reliance on local go- vers, and logistics. designed to encourage local initiatives vernance; institutional capacity building The relationship between the state of This cooperation has led to transposition « CO2Objective » is directed by ADE- related to renewable energy and ener- in order to support implementation of Minas Gerais in Brazil and the Nord-Pas and adaptation of the French TCEP me- ME and the Ministry for Ecology, in gy efficiency, as well as implementing municipal measures, and to build up a de Calais (NPDC) region in France is a pri- thodology to the local context in Brazil. collaboration with professional or- the national energy strategy at all terri- local base of continuing education and vileged example of bilateral cooperation The project is accompanied by a team of ganisations in the transport sector. torial levels in the kingdom. Jiha Tinou training courses, in the longer term; ac- between the two countries. These two consultants coordinated by the EnvirO- As of 2014 over 1,000 companies, was initiated in 2012, with support from cess to information at the municipal and local authorities signed a decentralised consult firm, which had previously set up cooperation agreement in 2009, in which the Air Climate Energy Plan in the state of representing 25 % of heavy-duty ADEME and GIZ, to enhance the capacity regional levels. environmental issues, and particularly Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. AFD is also a vehicles in France, had signed the of local stakeholders to contribute, at climate change, are of central impor- financial partner in this project. charter. tance. The Minas Gerais TCEP covers the entire ADEME’s internationally recognised com- state, a territory equivalent in size to petence in the area of climate change mainland France, with a population of planning, and the special relations close to 20 million people. Work on the The Climate Savers programme: federating companies between the French State and the NPDC TCEP began in August 2013, and is now in to encourage action to reduce GHG emissions region, spurred the state of Minas Gerais the implementation phase. The final plan to seek an in-depth collaboration in the will be submitted to the governor of the form of a decentralised cooperation, via state in April 2015. The World Wildlife Fund By channelling and disseminating the state’s Foundation for Environmental (WWF) is the instigator of pioneering practices that are both in- Protection. a programme, Climate Sa- novative and demanding, this type of vers, that aims to engage investment is an effective lever that can large corporations in an positively influence the activities that energy strategy that is com- have the highest greenhouse gas emis- Minas Gerais TCEP governance diagram, January 2014 © EnvirOconsult mensurate with the issues of climate sions. change. This international programme

seeks to demonstrate that investment The 29 members have reduced their CO2 in support of energy efficiency and low emissions by over 100 million tonnes carbon technologies does not inhibit the since the Climate Savers programme development of a company’s activity, on was launched in 1999, an amount that

the contrary. is twice the annual CO2 of Switzerland.

ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE – FRENCH KNOW-HOW | 26-27 An integrated plan tertiary sector, agriculture and fishe- ries, passenger transport, building for the Dakar region THE GREENHOUSE GASES construction and public works, waste EMISSIONS ARE DUE : CAPACITY BUILDING The integrated territorial climate plan management, waste generation, and (PCTI) for the Dakar region is the first food. CO2 emissions were estimated climate plan to be established in Afri- at 15,786,000 tonnes for 2008. The 7,8% ca. The purpose of this territorial sche- main sources of emissions are the FOOD energy industry, industrial processes ON CLIMATE ISSUES me is to coordinate all policies aimed at fighting climate change. The Dakar and the residential sector. 8,5% region and the Île-de-France region CONSTRUCTION are the joint backers of this project, in AND HIGHWAYS the framework of decentralised coo- Inter-company collaborative plat- Organising training schemes and peration work that started up in 1997. form ramping up the competence of actors The Île-de-France regional energy 12,5% with regard to climate change mitiga- Training Carbon Institute (IFC) INDUSTRIAL agency (ARENE) has been delegated to Companies are essential actors in the tion and adaptation are key factors to PROCESSES IFC is the first European institute specia- work with the Dakar regional council regional territory, with a strong impact constructing French know-how in this lised in training on climate and energy to devise and develop this project. The on the climate. They are implicated area. these factors in a very concrete and ope- issues, founded in 2011. territorial plan is constructed collabo- in the consultation process, notably rational fashion. 15% Its mission is to enable all professionals ratively, involving 57 local authorities, via their social and environmental HOUSING In addition to training in use of the Bilan to grasp, understand and master ques- 80 % of the Senegalese industry, and responsibility policies. At ARENE’s ini- Carbone® method, IFC offers a portfolio tions related to energy, climate and the tiative, a video conference was held of training sessions on energy topics, close to 3 million people. environment. in November 2013, linking the AFD 16% climate and biodiversity. These sessions PERSONS The institute’s clients receive innovative headquarters in Paris and its offices are tailored to many different sectors, TRANSPORTATION and focused training with high added in Dakar. A sizeable group, numbering including restaurant and meal services, What strategy to mobilise learning value, enabling them to inte- several tens of companies from the hotels, transport, and communication. the actors present in the field? grate risks and opportunities related to Paris region and from Senegal, made 30% Mobilising stakeholders is a neces- contact and discussed their needs and ENERGY INDUSTRY sary condition for concrete action in possible action in terms of climate mi- tigation and adaptation. the context of a territorial project. To GHG emissions for the Dakar region achieve this it was essential to hold A collaborative platform was thus © ARENE IdF bilateral meetings from the outset created Understanding international climate negotiations with each stakeholder, to present and The Francophonie Institute for sustai- that could facilitate the advancement monitor project action, to keep them © Edgar Vasques. nable development (IFDD), subsidiary of the negotiations. informed of progress and ensure Source: Excerpt from « Guia de Boas Práticas Ambientais para os Municípios do Rio Grande do Sul », ADEME, body of the International Organization These information analyses can be their presence in the major stages of EnvirOconsult, SEMA-RS. of the Francophonie, publishes analyses downloaded from the IFDD website. consultation. These milestone tasks on the climate negotiation process: are: raising awareness of issues from Training and learning opportunities are structured at several levels. Offers • to explain the stakes of these negocia- the start to create a « climate » culture, tions to the widest possible audience; of training content within the network joint elaboration of an audit, shared • to describe the process, its progres- of French professionals have evolved analysis of vulnerabilities and the sion, the topics in debate, and its recently, with the creation of the Trai- main sources of emissions, and lastly points of conflict; ning Carbon Institute (IFC) in 2011. the formulation of the main directions • to underscore areas of possible to be followed. In this context of mu- convergence of views, and the options tual confidence and shared vision, 57 Knowledge is disseminated at the lo- action proposals have been drawn up. cal level via the national network of lo- cal Energy and Climate Agencies, and the « Energy Info Points » (Espace Info GHG emissions assessment Énergie) information offices; these structures have the mission of delive- TCEP training for municipalities in Turkey A GHG assessment was established ring high-quality information and free ® advice to the general public for redu- using the Bilan Carbone specifical- AFD has held TCEP training sessions in The training sessions were led by the cing energy consumption and chan- ly designed for local authorities. On Turkey, in partnership with Denizbank French consulting firm ICE Burgeap and ging life styles. the basis of this analysis dependen- and ADEME, at the Deniz Akademi trai- its Turkish partner Mavi Consultants. cy on fossil fuels was evaluated, and ning centre in Istanbul in November Via its action the French Development French know-how is also exported via infrastructure choices and policy op- 2012, and then in 2013 in Ankara. Under Agency (AFD) helps French companies tions determined. Ten major areas training sessions organised by AFD a programme to promote sustainable with knowledge and know-how meet in- of activity or consumption were ana- and ADEME cities in Turkey, some 20 executives ternational partners’ needs. lysed: energy production, industrial and engineers from municipalities and The agency is positioned to promote processes, the residential sector, the municipal companies specialised in en- sectors of recognised French expertise, vironmental management had the op- and to mobilise and highlight the exper- portunity to learn the basics of the TCEP tise of French local authorities, compa- methodology. nies and consulting firms.

Inter-company collaborative platform © ARENE IdF

ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE – FRENCH KNOW-HOW | 28-29 Going beyond simple training sessions, some programmes are designed to build capacity in developing countries. Among these is the mission entrusted to Expertise France (ex-Adetef) in four African countries, and the NECTAR programme that fo- cuses on building capacity in the context of climate negotiations ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Building developing countries’ capacity to elaborate and implement low carbon • BEGES: Evaluation of Greenhouse gas emission • FASEP: Fund For Private-sector Aid and Studies • NAPA: National Adaptation Programmes of Action and climate resiliency strategies • CDM: Clean Development Mechanism • GASPAR: Report of administrative procedures for • NECTAR: Successful climate change negotiations for • CDT: Territorial Development Contract natural and technological hazards all Africa • CER: Certified Emissions Reduction • GCOS: Global Climate Observation System • TCEP: Territorial Climate Energy plan (in French: PCET In 2012 AFD and the French Global En- climate change in planning and de- • In Gabon: support to develop operatio- • CERFACS: European Centre for Research and • GDF: Gaz de France - Plan Climat Energie Territorial) vironment Facility (FFEM) commissioned velopment action, in particular in the nal Central Environment Directorates Advanced Training in ScientificComputation • GHG: Greenhouse gases • PNACC: National Climate change adaptation plan Expertise France (ex-Adetef) to lead a energy and agriculture sectors. to be created within ministries and exe- • CMIP: Coupled model intercomparison project • HQE: High Environmental Quality • RE: Renewable energy major project to address climate change cutive agencies, to achieve cross-insti- • COP: Conference of the Parties • IAU: Greater Paris Region Institute for Urban • SNIEPA: National Scheme for Inventories of air in Africa. • In Uganda: work with the Ministry for tutional implementation of the Climate • CRCI: French Regional Chamber of Commerce and Planning and Development contaminants This technical assistance project is valued Energy, Mines and Petroleum to revise Plan. Industry • ICLEI: International Council for Local Environmental • SOERE: Observation and experimentation system for at €3 million for three years and covers the Strategic Investment Framework so • DGITM: General Directorate of Infrastructures, Initiatives environment research Transport and the Sea • IOC: Indian Ocean Commission • SRCAE: Regional climate air energy scheme four countries (Benin, Gabon, Kenya and as to integrate climate change conside- • DRPR: General Directorate for Risk Prevention • IPCC: International Panel on Climate Change • TEPOS: Positive energy territories Uganda). Its objective is to help these rations; action with the Kampala city go- • DREAL: Regional Directorate for Environment, • JI: Joint implementation • UNEP: United Nations Environment Programme countries devise and implement low vernment to set up an energy efficiency Development and Housing • LCA: Life cycle analysis • UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on carbon development strategies that are policy; technical assistance to the Water • DRIEA: Île-de-France Regional Department for • MEDCIE: interregional and European cooperation Climate Change resilient to climate change. and Environment Ministry on questions Equipment and Planning development mission • UNIMEV: French Union of events sector of sustainable water management. • DRIRE: Regional department for industry, research • MISSTERRE: Integrated modelling of the Earth • WBCSD: World Business Council for Sustainable To date, activities have started up in each and environment system Development of the four target countries. Working • In Kenya: work with the National Parks • EU : European Union • MRV: Monitoring, reporting & verification • WRI: World Resources Institute • EU-ETS: European Union Emission Trading Scheme • NAMA: Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action • ZAC: Concerted Development Areas programmes have been defined with key Agency on its national adaptation sectors and institutions: strategy; integration of climate change issues into budget planning at the En- • In Benin: elaboration of a national low ergy Ministry; support for revising the carbon and climate resiliency strategy; urban planning master plan for the city work with a local authority to address of Kisumu. INFORMATION SOURCES

Public bodies NECTAR, or Successful climate change negotiations for all Africa • MAEDI (Ministry for foreign affairs and international development) -www.diplomatie.gouv.fr • MEDDE (Ministry of ecology, sustainable development and energy) - www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr NECTAR (Négociation Climat pour Toute • ADEME (French environment and energy management agency) - www.ademe.fr • Club ADEME International - www.clubinternational.ademe.fr l’Afrique Réussie) was initially set up as a • ADETEF (Assistance au développement des échanges en technologies économiques et financières) -www.adetef.fr contribution to involve the governments • AFD (French Development Agency) - www.afd.fr and administrations of French-speaking • ANR (Research National Agency) - www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr countries, especially in Africa, in the ne- • ARENE ( Regional Environment and New Energies Agency of Ile de France) - www.areneidf.org th gotiations of the 15 COP in Copenhagen • CEA (French Atomic Energy and Alternative Energy Commission) - www.cea.fr in 2009. • CEREMA (Studies Centre on risks, environment, mobility and urban planning) - www.cerema.fr • CERTU (Studies Centre on networks, public transport, urban planning and public construction) - www.certu.fr The activities of the NECTAR project have • CGET (Commissioner-General for territories egality) - www.cget.gouv.fr been conducted by IFDD, with financial • CSTB (Scientific and technical center for construction) -www.cstb.fr support from UNEP, ADEME, AFD and • FFEM (French Global Environment Facility) - www.ffem.fr the French Foreign and European Affairs • INRA (National Institute for Agronomic Research) - institut.inra.fr Ministry. The objective is to provide • IPSL (Institute of Pierre Simon Laplace for Environment Sciences) - www.ipsl.fr support for African countries in the ne- • IRD (Research Institute for Development) - www.ird.fr gotiations regarding climate governance • ONERC (National Observatory on Climate Change Impacts) - http://onerc.org • Ubifrance (the French agency for the international development of companies) - www.ubifrance.fr after 2012, and to facilitate integration of climate change issues in national secto- Private-sector organisations (not-for-profit corporations, professional groups, networks) rial development policies. • AASQA (Associations approved in ambient air quality monitoring) - www.atmofrance.org The Futur Facteur 4 firm has been com- • ABC (Association bilan carbone / Greenhouse gas evaluation association) - www.associationbilancarbone.fr missioned to assess the suitability of the • APCC (Carbon consulting professional association) - www.apc-carbone.fr mechanisms implemented under the • ARF (French region assembly) - www.arf.asso.fr • CDC Climat (Caisse des dépôts et consignations climat) - www.cdcclimat.com UNFCCC in Africa, i.e. the CDM, NAMAs • CITEPA (Interprofessional Technical Centre for Studies on Atmospheric Pollution) - www.citepa.org and NAPAs. Plenary session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change © Arnaud Bouissou MEDDE-MLET • CLER (Network for energy transition) - www.cler.org • Comité 21 - www.comite21.org • EPE (Association of french entreprises for environment) - www.epe-asso.org • GERES (Association for renewables energy, environment and poverty reduction) - www.geres.eu • IDDRI (Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations) - www.iddri.org • IEPF (Francophonie Institute for energy and environment) - www.ifdd.francophonie.org • IFC (Training Carbon Institute) - www.ifc.fr • ONFI (Office national des forêts international) - www.onfinternational.org • RAC-F (French climate actions network) - www.rac-f.org • RARE (National network of regional agencies for energy and environment) - www.rare.fr

ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE – FRENCH KNOW-HOW | 30-31 About ADEME

The French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME) is a public agency under the joint authority of the Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy and the Ministry for Education, Higher Education and Research. The agency is active in the implementation of public policy in the areas of the environment, energy and sustainable development. ADEME provides expertise and advisory services to businesses, local authorities and communities, government bodies and the public at large, to enable them to establish and consolidate their environmental action. As part of this work the agency helps finance projects, from research to implementation, in the areas of waste management, soil conservation, energy efficiency and renewable energy, air quality and noise abatement. www.ademe.fr Graphic design | L’Effet papillon design | L’Effet Graphic ISBN : 978-2-35838-7705 | 3000 copies | February 2015 | Printed on PEFC paper with vegetal inks | Written by Artelia | Cover design: Prends tes Palmes & ton Tuba Tuba & ton Palmes tes Prends design: Artelia by | Cover Written inks | on PEFC paper with vegetal 2015 | Printed | February 978-2-35838-7705 | 3000 copies ISBN : 8272 5 0 7 7 8 3 8 5 3 2 8 7 ISBN 978-2-35838-7705 9

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