A French INRA Project to Adapt the Grasslands to Climate Change

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International Grassland Congress Proceedings XXII International Grassland Congress

CLIMAGIE: A French INRA Project to Adapt the Grasslands to Climate Change

Jean-Louis Durand INRA, France

Jérome Enjalbert INRA, France

Laurent Hazard INRA, France

Isabelle Litrico INRA, France

Catherine Picon-Cochard INRA, France

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Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/22/2-7/18 The XXII International Grassland Congress (Revitalising Grasslands to Sustain Our Communities) took place in Sydney, Australia from September 15 through September 19, 2013. Proceedings Editors: David L. Michalk, Geoffrey D. Millar, Warwick B. Badgery, and Kim M. Broadfoot Publisher: New South Wales Department of Primary Industry, Kite St., Orange New South Wales, Australia

This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Presenter Information Jean-Louis Durand, Jérome Enjalbert, Laurent Hazard, Isabelle Litrico, Catherine Picon-Cochard, Marie- Pascale Prudhomme, and Florence Volaire

This event is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/22/2-7/18 Climate change impacts on grassland production, composition, distribution and adaptation

CLIMAGIE: A French INRA project to adapt the grasslands to climate change

A B C A Jean-Louis Durand , Jérome Enjalbert , Laurent Hazard , Isabelle Litrico , Catherine Picon- D E F Cochard , Marie-Pascale Prudhomme and Florence Volaire

A URP3F, INRA, 86 600 Lusignan, France B UMRGV INRA, Le Moulon, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France C AGIR INRA, 31320 Castanet Tolosan, France D UREP INRA, 63039 Clermont Ferrand cedex 2, France E EVA INRA_Université de Caen-Basse Normandie, 14032 Caen cedex 5, France F USC INRA CNRS CEFE, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France Contact email: [email protected]

Keywords: Climate change, phenology, plant productivity.

Introduction and droughts in grassland species (legumes and grasses). In particular, the morphogenetic response of Climate change in France, central and southern Europe is various populations in 6 important grassland species to expected to provoke more frequent and more intense the full range of temperature (5-45°C) will be studied. summer water deficits, with increased amplitude in The evolvability of populations under severe drought temperatures, exposing the same perennial crops to frosts conditions will be studied in grasses. New method-ologies as well as to heat waves and severe droughts. The impacts for measuring the genetic variability of water use, water on sown monospecific grasslands have been assessed using use efficiency and summer dormancy will be tested. crop models (Durand et al. 2010) but with less accuracy in extreme situations. Since less work has been done on intra- • Modelling of the dynamics of the long-term production specific genetic variability there is urgent need to of sown grasslands. Three models will be tested for: investigate both ranges of climate conditions and genetic (1) spatially explicit tillering of multispecies grass variability (Poirier et al. 2012). Phenology and plant swards; (2) individual based competition including productivity responses to water, temperature and nitrogen legumes and grasses; and (3) complex grassland (N) in particular need to be re-assessed over the full range community dynamics using functional ecological of temperatures projected in the future. modelling. • Operational selection schemes, ideotypes and What is CLIMAGIE? assembling rules for mixed grasslands. This includes: The multidisciplinary Institut National de la Recherche (1) novel methodologies to assess and manage of both Agronomique (INRA) research program CLIMAGIE aims the ex situ and in situ genetic resources including to improve our knowledge and provide innovations for biogeographical approaches; (2) building of selections adapting grasslands to climate change. Collaboration procedures for mixed sown grasslands; (3) construction between community and functional ecologists, eco- of an internet dynamic data base for assembling physiologists and quantitative geneticians will provide new cultivars under various management and climate rules for species and cultivars ecotypes assembling. That conditions. framework will be tested experimentally and in silico with References the models under construction by our teams. It will contribute to the definition of new ideotypes and breeding Durand J-L, Bernard F, Lardy R, Graux A-I (2010) Climate schemes of major species, in close collaboration with seed change and grassland: the main impacts. In Green book of companies on the one hand and directly with end users the CLIMATOR project - Climate change, agriculture and through participatory breeding programs on the other hand. forests in France: simulations of the impacts on the main species. (Eds N Brisson & F Levrault ) pp 181-190. ADEME. Organizing investigations and sharing results Poirier M, Durand J-L, Volaire F (2012) Persistence and production of perennial grasses under water deficits and Three integrated groups of tasks (work packages) are extreme temperatures: importance of intraspecific vs. defined (Fig. 1): interspecific variability. Global Change Biology 18, 3632- • Analysis of the genetic intra- and inter-specific vari- 3646. ability of the physiological responses to temperatures http://www.inra.fr/climagie

Production of generic knowledge

Analysing Traits of Medit Vs Temp WP1 • plant populations responses to populations. temperature. • Intra specific variations in water and • Field dynamics of mixed nitrogen use efficiency. swards Traits • Impact of extreme droughts on • Response to selection by identification and under ground processes, soil drought organic matter and water use. • Summer dormancy mechanisms of • Role and expression of functionnal adaptation to genetic diversity in complex communities. abiotic stresses (T • and water deficits) for Mediterranean WP 2 Breeding and Temperate WP 3 grasses and grasslands. Modeling the legumes for complex grasslands adapted productivity and grasslands to persistency. future climate

Modeling • Model 1. tiller based model of complex Breeding grass swards with SIsFrt (Lafarge et al 2005) • ex situ. Breeding for annual • Model 2. Simulation of the competition for production and persistency in Ligt, water and nitrogen in complex sown zones submitted to marked grasslands (Fig 1) summer water deficits. • Model 3. Empirical modelling of the • in situ. Participatory breeding evolution of species in response to soil enabling farmers to control the fertility (nutritents and water) in mixed Open and genetic progress locally. grass swards repesenting natural dynamic Data graslands. base for Pre-breeding and ressources assembling populations for management tools for seed sowing companies and grasslands ex situ and in situ Genetic farmers. adapted to resources management. Climate change

WP4

Figure 1. The Structure of the French INRA Project CLIMAGIE.