AUSTRALIA’S NATIONAL HERITAGE LIST THE STORY SO FAR Our National Heritage places are those of outstanding national significance to the Australian people. They are the places that have seen events, recall our joys and sorrows and tragedies that should never have occurred, commemorate the struggles, remind us of the ideas and dreams, the progress and the achievements that together recall a story of the building of an Australia that teaches and reminds, and evokes our pride and hope. 1 © Commonwealth of Australia, 2017. ‘Australia’s National Heritage List’ is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people. For licence conditions see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/au/ This report should be attributed as ‘Australia’s National Heritage List’, Commonwealth of Australia 2017’. The Commonwealth of Australia has made all reasonable efforts to identify content supplied by third parties using the following format ‘© Copyright, [name of third party] ’. Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or the Minister for the Environment and Energy. Cover images (left to right): Ubirr, Kakadu National Park,NT (National and World Heritage). © Kate McMahon & Department of the Environment and Energy; Roll of Honour, Australian War Memorial and the Memorial Parade,ACT. © Department of the Environment and Energy; Reflections in the water at Jim Jim Falls in Kakadu National Park,NT (National and World Heritage). © Department of the Environment and Energy CONTENTS A message from the Minister 4 A message from the Chair 5 Our National Heritage Places, and the Story They Tell 7 Story of the Natural Heritage Places on the National Heritage List 8 Story of the Indigenous Places on the National Heritage List 18 Story of the Historic Places on the National Heritage List 26 The Australian Heritage Council 45 Australia’s National Heritage List 46 3 A MESSAGE FROM THE MINISTER The National Heritage List recognises Australia’s most significant heritage sites. More than a just a list however, together these places tell the unique story of Australia from its earliest fossil records, to the long history of Indigenous settlement of this continent and through to the events that have made Australia what it is today. There are more than 100 places on the National Heritage List and they are presented in Australia’s National Heritage List: The Story So Far. It is an important record of the stories told by our heritage places and how they have created the modern Australian nation. They are stories we can all share in. Since becoming Minister for the Environment and Energy in July last year, I have been extremely fortunate to meet hundreds of people and organisations across the nation working to protect our environment and heritage. My journey in those first few months took me from far north Queensland to inspect the Great Barrier Reef, touring the engineering marvels that are the Snowy Mountains Scheme and the ancient Budj Bim aquaculture system, and finally to see firsthand the majestic landscape of the Australian Antarctic Territory. Everywhere I went I was inspired by the dedication and commitment I saw to protecting and helping others experience the places that make Australia so unique. Australia’s heritage contributes to our sense of place, community and personal wellbeing, it informs us about where we have come from and who we are, and is an important part of our national identity. Together they tell of our shared experience on this ancient continent while showcasing our achievements and stunning natural environment. I commend the current and past members of the Australian Heritage Council for their role in guiding the development of the National Heritage List through careful and thorough assessment of nominated places. By working together we can help protect the places that are important to our past, present and future. The Hon Josh Frydenberg MP Minister for the Environment and Energy 4 A MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR The National Heritage List documents the places of outstanding heritage importance to Australia as a nation. The List of places will lengthen in the future as Australians continue to identify places that are of outstanding value in telling our national stories, and as our nation continues to evolve. The Australian Heritage Council, with the support of the Department of Environment and Energy, seeks to ensure that all places recommended by it to the Minister for listing meet the stringent criteria set out in legislation. The National Heritage List is now at a stage of development that the remarkable story of our unique country is emerging with some clarity and impact. This document, by briefly telling the stories of the places on the current list, and setting them in their wider context, not only helps us to appreciate the nature of the journey so far, but points us towards a future defined by the aspirations of the descendants of the continent’s first peoples and by the hopes and dreams of those who have come to live here from every country in the world. The values and beliefs that Australians have brought to building their nation are expressed in the stories of the places on the National Heritage List. I am sure the List in its present extent will only stimulate the readers of this document to reflect again on related and other aspects of our national story, and a desire to further develop the recognition of our unique heritage through the National Heritage List. The Hon Dr David Kemp AC Chair, Australian Heritage Council 5 Purnululu National Park, WA (National and World Heritage). 6© Kate McMahon & Department of the Environment and Energy OUR NATIONAL HERITAGE PLACES, AND THE STORY THEY TELL Australia’s National Heritage places tell the stories Our National Heritage places are those of outstanding of ancient Indigenous people and of immigrants national significance to the Australian people. They are seeking to realise their hopes and dreams from every the places that have seen events, recall our joys and part of the world, in an ancient continent rich with sorrows and tragedies that should never have occurred, natural wonders. commemorate the struggles, remind us of the ideas and dreams, the progress and the achievements that Our national heritage tells of our past, of who we are, together recall a story of the building of an Australia what we have achieved, and points the way to our that teaches and reminds, and evokes our pride future. Old Parliament House in Canberra is perhaps the and hope. most striking embodiment of the promise Australians have made to each other to debate and democratically Australia’s National Heritage is grounded in the wider resolve their issues in peace and freedom. The Sydney narrative of the coming together of the peoples of Opera House’s stunning architectural beauty is already the world through exploration, trade and conflict over acknowledged as part of the heritage of the world, the past millennia. It is a story of people striving to and the Great Barrier Reef is the world’s best known understand their world through science and to travel natural icon. The Melbourne Cricket Ground is one across the world through technology, of resistance of the globe’s greatest sporting arenas, and the vast to colonisation, of the devastations of disease, of magical landscape of the Dreaming embodied in such unbridled power and the striving of peoples to control it places as Kakadu National Park and Uluru-Kata Tjuta through rights and institutions, to seize control of their National Park, Purnululu National Park and Ningaloo own lives, and to fight for the recognition of common Coast illustrates an ancient land with its timeless humanity. Australia’s is a diverse history, that has storylines. A select number of our national heritage seen the contribution of so many people, Indigenous places are also recognised by the United Nations and immigrant, over generations to secure progress Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as along all these dimensions and develop a culture that World Heritage places. embraces and provides opportunity for all. Australia’s national story is still unfolding, and as we We have National Heritage places that are of add to that story and deepen our appreciation of its outstanding heritage value to the nation for their roots in our past experience, our national heritage will natural, Indigenous and historic values. Many places continue to expand. exhibit values which touch on each of these. STORY OF THE NATURAL HERITAGE PLACES ON THE NATIONAL HERITAGE LIST The Australian landscape, and the continent’s Australia thus has some of the oldest land surface unique plants and animals, are among the first in the world, and the diversity of its many plant things that Australians think of when identifying our and animal species reflects the immense period of National Heritage: the Great Barrier Reef, Uluru- time over which life has evolved on the continent, Kata Tjuta National Park, the deserts and Kakadu while life in much of the northern hemisphere was National Park, eucalypts and the huge profusion of constrained by extensive ice sheets. The retreat other native plants, and the iconic animals which of the ice beginning