4 Engineering Information Material Selection

Material Selection Guide for Commonly Used Fluids

All orders entered using this guide must state actual This guide provides information on types of valves that fluid, fluid pressure, fluid concentration, and fluid are available for most common corrosive and non- temperature of the application. Actual fluid is corrosive gases and liquids. For applications in which extremely important when elastomer options are abnormal conditions exist and for other fluids, consult specified because other substitutions may be required. your local ASCO office, giving full details on operating conditions. ASCO valves are available to control many acids, alcohols, bases, solvents, and corrosive gases and This guide is not intended as a specific recommendation; liquids. Modified or special designs are sometimes factors beyond our control could affect valve operation or required, depending upon the application. materials.

Corrosion occurs either as a chemical or electrochemical reaction. Therefore, consideration must be given to both the galvanic and electromotive force series, as well as to pressure, temperature, and other factors that might be involved in the application.

General Information on Elastomer Materials Frequently Used in ASCO Valves

NBR (Buna ‘N’, Nitrile) somewhat more resistant to “dry heat.” FKM has a wide NBR is commonly referred to as a nitrile rubber and is range of chemical compatibility. It has a useful the standard synthetic elastomer for accomplishing temperature range of 0°F to 350°F (-18°C to 177°C). resilient-type seating or sealing in ASCO valves. It has excellent compatibility for most air, water, and light oil PTFE (Teflon*, Rulon) applications. It has a useful temperature range of 0°F to PTFE and PTFE with fillers are considered more a plastic 180°F (-18°C to 82°C) than a resilient-type material. They are virtually unattacked by any fluid. Their temperature usage has CR (Neoprene) ranged from discs for cryogenic valves to discs for steam CR is principally used as an external seal in valves. They are not easily fabricated and are known to refrigeration applications. It is also utilized for oxygen have “cold flow” characteristics which may contribute to service. It has a useful temperature range of 0°F to objectionable leakage, particularly on gases. 180°F (-18°C to 82°C) Other materials referred to in this catalog EPDM (Ethylene Propylene) CA (Acetal, Celcon, Delrin) EPDM is selected for applications above the NBR FFKM (Methyl tertiary-butyl) temperature range, such as handling hot water and FMQ (Fluorosilicone) steam. Ethylene propylene has an extremely wide range HYT (Hytrel) of fluid compatibility, but has the distinct disadvantage MTBE (Methyl tertiary-butyl ether) that it cannot be used with petroleum-based fluids or PA (Nylon, Zytel) contaminated fluids (such as lubricated air). It has PA+FV (Polyamide) a useful temperature range of -10°F to 300°F (-23°C PE (Polyethylene) to 149°C). PP (Polypropylene) PPS (Polyphenelyne Sulfide, Ryton) FKM (Viton*/Fluorel**, etc.) PUR (Polyurethane) FKM is a fluorocarbon elastomer primarily developed for UR (Urethane) handling such hydrocarbons as jet fuels, gasolines, VMQ (Silicone) solvents, etc., which normally cause detrimental * DuPont Co. trademark swelling to NBR. FKM has a high temperature range ** 3m trademark similar to EPDM, but with the advantage of being 11.19 4 Engineering Information Material Selection

Material Selection Guide for Commonly Used Fluids

Materials of Construction Materials of Construction and Ordering Information and Ordering Information (Refer to List Price Schedule (Refer to List Price Schedule Qualifying Service for availability and prices of Qualifying Service for availability and prices of Fluids Information Special Features) Fluids Information Special Features) Acetic Acid Standard strengths of water For solutions of 40% or less, Carbon Dioxide Also known as carbonic For gas pressures below 100 solution are: use stainless steel Type 316 (Gas or Liquid) anhydride. Used in industrial psi, use standard valves with 28, 56, 70, 80, 85, 98%. Normally Closed valve with (CO2) refrigeration and refrigeration NBR discs. Above 100 psi, use EPDM elastomers. Add suffix of foods and carbonated Series 8264, especially “E” to catalog number. beverages. Also, as a fire designed for this service. Acetic Acid, Glacial 99.9% solid. Use appropriate ball valve with extinguisher and inert ASCO 3 or 4 way auxiliary air atmosphere in welding pilot valve. equipment. Acetone Colorless, flammable liquid with Standard catalog valves with Carbon Tetrachloride Also known as Standard catalog brass valves mint-like odor. Soluble in water EPDM elastomers. Add suffix (“Carbona”) tetrachloromethane. Mainly with PTFE or FKM discs. Add and ether. “E” to catalog number. PTFE or used as a metal degreasing suffix “T” or “V” to catalog metal seated valves also used. agent. Also used in fire number. Diaphragm valves extinguishers. It is a general must be equipped with FKM Acetylene A colorless, highly flammable Standard catalog aluminum, solvent and dry-cleaning parts. Add suffix “V” to catalog gas used for welding and flame brass, or stainless steel valves. medium. Its fumes are highly number. Metal seated valves cutting of metals, and for Specify aluminum shading coil. toxic and should be handled in also used. producing other chemicals. If Do not use bar stock brass well-ventilated areas. moisture is present, copper, valves. silver, and alloys containing Caustic Soda See “Sodium Hydroxide.” more than 66% copper are not suitable. Cellulube One of the phosphate ester Standard catalog designs with Air, Lubricated Most sources of air carry Standard resilient seated lubricating fluids which are EPDM elastomers. Add suffix (Shop Air) lubrication from pumps and catalog valves. For synthetic fire resistant. “E” to catalog number. PTFE or other equipment. Others are diester lubricating oils, FKM metal seated valves also used. directly lubricated in lines. seals may be required. Consult local ASCO office. Chlorine Chlorine has a powerful Use appropriate ball valve with Air (or Gas), Dry, Used in instrument air Special constructions required. suffocating odor and is strongly ASCO 3 or 4 way auxiliary air Unlubricated applications and telephone lines Refer to Long-Life Solenoid corrosive to organic tissues and pilot valve. where moisture and oil cannot Valve Constructions. to metals. Uses include: for be tolerated. bleaching textiles and paper pulp, but it is also used for the Alcohol, Ethyl A grain alcohol commonly used Standard resilient seated manufacture of many chemicals. (Denatured Alcohol) as solvent. Also used as a catalog valves. radiator antifreeze and rocket City Gas See “Natural” and fuel. “Manufactured Gas.”

Alcohol, Methyl A flammable wood alcohol used Standard catalog constructions; Coffee Automatic or semiautomatic Stainless steel or plastic valves. (Methanol) in automotive antifreeze, general however, where high purity of dispensing equipment. For FDA approved elastomers, solvent, aviation, and rocket liquid is essential, use Stainless consult your local ASCO office. fuel. Steel designs. Ammonia Used in refrigeration. Other uses Stainless Steel construction Coke Oven Gas Flammable gas used in Standard steel or stainless steel (Anhydrous or include: for cleaning and with aluminum shading coil (Bench Gas; Coal domestic and industrial heating. valves with FKM elastomers. Dissociated) bleaching, for etching and CR elastomers are required. Gas) aluminum, and in chemical Specify aluminum shading coil. Coolant Oil Oil used in automatic screw Consult your local ASCO office. processing. Presence of slight Add prefix “X” and suffix “J” to machines and related equipment trace of water moisture can be catalog number. as cutting oils or coolants. harmful to brass. Usually contain suspended Argon The valves must be free of Standard catalog aluminum and solids. contaminants when filling brass valves used in connection incandescent lamps, with welding equipment. Most Diesel Fuel Petroleum oil used as fuel for Standard resilient seated luminescent tubes, gas other applications require diesel engines. catalog valves with FKM thermometers, etc. Also used as stainless steel valves, especially seating. an inert shielding gas in welding cleaned to avoid contamination. equipment. Specify AP-1-005. Ethylene Glycol Also known as glycol. Used in Standard resilient seated Benzene, Solvent used for waxes, resins, Standard catalog valves with (Ethylene Alchohol) permanent antifreeze solutions, catalog valves. (Benzol) rubber, and other organic FKM, or PTFE disc and gasket. “Prestone” brake fluids, and as a dye materials. Also employed as a solvent. fuel or for blending with gasoline or other fuels. “Freon®” Solvents Trademark for a solvent which is Standard catalog items Butane One of the principal LP gases. Special construction required. “MF,” “TF,” and commonly used in ultrasonic with metal-to-metal Used as fuel for household and See Catalog 102B for “BF” degreasers for removing oil, seating, or NBR other industrial purposes. Also a “propane.” common grease, and dirt on elastomers only. refrigerant and a propellant in metal or plastic parts. aerosol cans.

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Materials of Construction Materials of Construction and Ordering Information and Ordering Information (Refer to List Price Schedule (Refer to List Price Schedule Qualifying Service for availability and prices of Qualifying Service for availability and prices of Fluids Information Special Features) Fluids Information Special Features) Fuel Oil (Light) “Distillate” petroleum oil used in Refer to Combustion Systems Nitric Acid (aqua Normally, concentrations are Stainless steel valves with Nos. 1, 2, 3 combustion applications without Catalog 102B. fortis or azotic acid) 60% nitric and 40% water. aluminum shading coil and preheating. PTFE disc. Add suffix “T” to catalog number. Metal seated Fuel Oil (Heavy) Heavy “Bunker” fuel oil. Usually Refer to Combustion Systems Nitric Acid-Red Red fuming is more than 86% Fuming nitric acid. These can be valves also used. Maximum Nos. 4, 5, 6 preheated to 135°F or more for Catalog 102B. temperature at which we can combustion. handled with all stainless steel valves. offer valve is 100°F. Gasoline Special or high-test gasolines Standard catalog valve have additives or aromatics that constructions with FKM Nitric Acid-White White fuming, which is pure to For white fuming acid, use affect synthetic rubber by elastomers. Add suffix “V” to Fuming 97.5% acid, and nitric acid appropriate ball valve with excessive swell, or extraction of catalog number. If MTBE vapors are very difficult to ASCO pilot. plasticizers. additive is present in gasoline, handle. then use FFKM elastomers. Nitrogen An inert gas used in heat Standard resilient seated catalog Metal seated valves also used. treating, purging, and welding. valves. Helium An inert gas used in heat Standard resilient seated Oils, Lubricating or Common motor oils known Standard catalog valves for 300 treating, purging, and welding. catalog valves. Motor as SAE oils and synthetic lube SSU maximum. For higher SSU, Hydraulic Oil Petroleum base only — Standard resilient seated oils, etc. consult your local ASCO office. viscosity usually 50 SSU or 300 catalog valves. For compressor service SSU. For fire-resistant hydraulic involving refrigerants, consult oils, see “Cellulube,” “Pydraul,” your local ASCO office for and “Skydrol.” elastomer selection. Hydrochloric Acid Also known as muriatic acid. Use an appropriate ball valve Oxygen, Gas Used in conjunction with Metal body valves with FKM or Corrosive chemical. with ASCO 3 or 4 way auxiliary various fuels in furnaces, ovens, CR elastomers, specially air pilot valve. For low pressure, cutting torches, welding, and cleaned to avoid contamination small flow, and a maximum heat treating. A nonflammable with hydrocarbons. Add suffix concentration of 20%, refer to gas. Contact with hydrocarbons “N” to catalog number. Shielded Core valves. will result in spontaneous combustion. Hydrogen A highly flammable gas when Standard resilient seated exposed to air. catalog valves with soft seats. Perchloroethylene Used as a dry-cleaning solvent Standard catalog items with (Tetrachloroethylene) and in vapor degreasing FKM elastomers. Add suffix “V” Jet Fuels (JP1 These fuels are used in jet Standard catalog valves with “Perk” equipment. to catalog number. Special through 8). For engines and are petroleum FKM elastomers. Add suffix piston valves available. Do not others, consult your products, similar to kerosene. “V” to catalog number. PTFE ® use diaphragm valves. Consult local ASCO office. Some jet fuels contain and metal seated valves also your local ASCO office. substantial quantities of used. aromatics which affect most Phosphoric Acid Also known as orthophosphoric For concentration of up to 20% synthetic rubbers. acid. Used in pickling and rust- and temperatures of 100°F, use proofing metals, soft drinks and 300 series stainless steel with Kerosene Generally used as a solvent for Standard catalog valve with flavoring syrups, as well as ethylene propylene, FKM, or cleaning purpose and as a FKM elastomers. Add suffix pharmaceuticals. NBR elastomers. heating fuel. “V” to catalog number. Photographic Also known as sodium For low pressure, small flow, LP Gas See “Propane.” Refer to Combustion Systems Solutions thiosulfate or hypo. Most metals and low concentrations (20% Catalog 102B. corrode sufficiently to cause max.), refer to Shielded Core Liquid Natural Gas, Refer to Cryogenic Valves. solution contamination. Valves. Nitrogen, and Oxygen Potassium Sulfate Used in fertilizers. Also in Standard stainless steel catalog Manufactured Gas Refine coke oven gas used in Refer to Combustion Systems aluminum and glass valves. city applications. Catalog 102B. manufacturing. Mercury Uses: mercury cells and other Use stainless steel body. Valve Propane Gas One of the principal LP gases Special construction required. electrical apparatus; mercury must be mounted upside down. commonly used in grain dryer Refer to Combustion Systems vapor boilers, lamps, Special construction required. applications, and a bottled gas Catalog 102B. barometers, thermometers, etc. Consult your local ASCO office for heating and cooking. with application details. “Pydraul” A trademark for a series of fire- Standard catalog items with Methyl Ethyl Used in lacquers, paint Standard catalog valves with (Monsanto) resistant hydraulic fluids. Used FKM elastomers. Add suffix “V” Ketone (MEK) removers, cements and EPDM elastomers. Add suffix in automatic welding machines, to catalog number. PTFE or adhesives. It is a flammable “E” to catalog number. PTFE or hydraulic presses, and air metal seated valves also used. liquid. metal seated valves also used. compressors. Also used in die- casting machines, forging, and extrusion presses. Naphtha A coal-tar solvent. Use NBR or FKM elastomers. For FKM elastomer, add suffix Refrigerants, CFC CFCs are used as refrigerants; Refrigerants require special “V” to catalog number. (chlorofluorocarbon) as blowing agents in the selection of elastomers. “Freon®” manufacture of insulation, Consult your local ASCO office. Natural Gas Common heating fuel. Refer to Combustion Systems packaging, and cushioning Catalog 102B. foams; as cleaning agents for metal and electronic components; and in many other applications. CFCs contain chlorine and have been targeted by the EPA to be phased out.

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Materials of Construction Materials of Construction and Ordering Information and Ordering Information (Refer to List Price Schedule (Refer to List Price Schedule Qualifying Service for availability and prices of Qualifying Service for availability and prices of Fluids Information Special Features) Fluids Information Special Features) Refrigerants, HFC Environmentally acceptable Refrigerants require special Water, Boiler Feed Commonly treated water with Standard stainless steel catalog (hydrofluorocarbon) alternative to CFC. Contains no selection of elastomers. Consult inhibitors to avoid corrosion of valves with FKM elastomers. “Suva®” chlorine. your local ASCO office. boiler tubes. Add suffix “V” to catalog “Skydrol” Trademark for fire-resistant jet Standard catalog items with number. aircraft hydraulic fluid. EPDM elastomer. Add suffix Water, Distilled or A purified water, sometimes Stainless steel valves with “E” to catalog number. PTFE or Deionized called deionized water, neutral EPDM elastomers. Add suffix metal seated valves also used. and free from contaminants. “E” to catalog number. Stainless Sodium Hydroxide Used in pulp and paper industry. Stainless steel valves with steel or PTFE seated valves also (Caustic Soda) Included in detergents and soap, EPDM elastomers. Add suffix used. also in textile processing. “E” to catalog number. Water, Fresh Standard resilient seated catalog Solutions range between 50% Stainless steel or PTFE valves. Aerated water, which is and 73% commercial. seated valves also used. slightly acidic, will cause seat Sour Gas See “Coke Oven Gas.” erosion by process known as dezincification. Stainless steel or Steam Condensate This is return condensate from Brass valves suitable with plastic valves should then be steam boilers, which has EPDM elastomers. See Series selected. various degrees of dissolved 8210 and 8222 Hot Water Water, High Pressure When handling water above 500 Special designs for car wash carbon dioxide or oxygen. Service Listings. Use suffix psi, erosion and water hammer applications, etc. Consult your Temperature is normally high to “E” on all others. must be considered. local ASCO office. boiling point. Water, Hot Water above 200°F: Often Standard catalog designs Stoddard Solvent This is a dry-cleaning solvent of Standard catalog items. flashes to steam due to suitable to temperatures listed usually high-purity naphtha, regulators or other line in catalog. Also see Series 8210 clear and free of undissolved restrictions. Below 200°F, this and 8222 Hot Water Service water. A coal-tar solvent. change of state is unlikely. listings. For temperatures Sulfuric Acid An oily, highly corrosive liquid Use an appropriate ball valves exceeding those listed, consult oxidizing organic materials and with ASCO 3 or 4 way auxiliary your local ASCO office. most metals. It is used for air pilot valve. For low pressure, Water, Sea, Brine, Difficult to handle due to Use appropriate ball valve with pickling and cleaning metals in small flow, and a concentration Brackish galvanic corrosion. ASCO air pilot valve. electric batteries and in plating of up to 60%, refer to Shielded baths, for making explosives Core Valves. and fertilizers. Toluene (Toluol) Also called methyl benzene or Standard catalog valves with methyl benzol. One of the coal- FKM disc and gasket. Add tar solvents. Used in aviation suffix “V” to catalog number. and high octane gasolines. Also a solvent for paints, coatings, resins, etc. It is a flammable liquid. Trichloroethylene Common degreasing solvent, Standard brass catalog valves, (“Carbona” or noncombustible, but very toxic. if dry, use FKM elastomers (add “TRIAD”) Adequate ventilation required. suffix “V” to catalog number). If moisture is present, use stainless steel. Metal and PTFE seated valves also used. Turpentine Solvent or thinner for paints, Standard catalog valves with varnishes, and lacquers. Also, a FKM elastomers. Add suffix rubber solvent and reclaiming “V” to catalog number. agent. The liquid is volatile. Vacuum Refer to Vacuum Valves.

Vegetable Oils Edible oils extracted from seeds, Standard resilient seated catalog fruits, or plants, such as peanut valves. For FDA approved oils, cottonseed oils, etc. elastomers, consult your local ASCO office. Vinegar A diluted impure solution of Stainless steel valves with acetic acid. EPDM elastomers (FKM elastomers may also be used). Add suffix “E” to catalog number. For FDA approved elastomers, consult your local ASCO office.

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