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FIS Vesalius 17_Layout 1 14-05-24 10:30 AM Page 1 FIS Vesalius 17_Layout 1 14-05-24 10:30 AM Page 2 FIS Vesalius 17_Layout 1 14-05-24 10:30 AM Page 3 VESALIUS AT 500 an exhibition commemorating the five-hundredth anniversary of the birth of Andreas Vesalius Exhibition and catalogue by Philip Oldfield ThomAS FIShEr rArE book LIbrAry, UnIVErSITy oF ToronTo 23 May-29 August 2014 FIS Vesalius 17_Layout 1 14-05-24 10:30 AM Page 4 Catalogue by Philip Oldfield Edited by Pearce Carefoote, Anne Dondertman, Barry Walfish Exhibition curated by Philip Oldfield Mounted by Linda Joy Digital photography by Paul Armstrong Printed by Coach House Press, Toronto Typset in Goodchild, designed by Nick Shinn Front cover: Portrait of Vesalius engraved by Jan Wan- delaar for Vesalius’s Opera omnia anatomica & chirur- gica. Leiden, 75. Back cover: the first skeletal figure from De humani corporis fabrica. Basel. 543 Title page: the ornamental initial V was specially cut for the 555 edition of De Humani corporis fabrica. It depicts Apollo flaying Marsyas, loser in a music con- test between the two, presided over by the Muses. LIbrAry And ArchIVES cAnAdA cATALogUIng In PUbLIcATIon Oldfield, Philip, author Vesalius at 500 : an exhibition commemorating the five hundredth anniversary of the birth of Andreas Vesalius / by Philip Oldfield. A catalogue of an exhibition of rare books held at the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, May 3 - August 9, 04, commemorating the 500th anniversary of the birth of Andreas Vesalius. The Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library owns most of the books in this exhibition, others are borrowed from private collectors. Includes bibliographical references. ISbn 978-0-777-6-5 (pbk.) . Vesalius, Andreas, 54-564–Exhibitions. Human anatomy–Early works to 800–Bibliography–Exhibitions. 3. Medicine–Early works to 800–Bibliography–Exhibitions. 4. Rare books–Bibliography–Exhibitions. 5. Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library–Exhibitions. I. Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, issuing body, host institution II. Title. Qm6.V5o44 04 6.009 c04-90347- FIS Vesalius 17_Layout 1 14-05-24 10:30 AM Page 5 Pozeg throughout the process of planning the PrEFAcE exhibition. We are sincerely grateful to all those whose generosity has made it possible for us to When we were first approached by Dr put together what we hope is a fitting tribute Vogrincic in 2011 about whether the Fisher to the life and work of ‘the prince of Library had an interest in being the repository anatomists’. for a special copy of the second edition of Fab- rica, we little realized how momentous an The influence of Vesalius continues to be felt opportunity was presenting itself. The confir- today not only by those with an interest in the mation by Dr Vivian Nutton that the annota- history of medicine, but also by anyone who tions in that 1555 copy were genuinely by admires the beauty of image and text as com- Vesalius, and the resulting scholarly interest in bined on the handsome folio pages of his most that copy dovetailed with the plans we already famous work. Generations of medical illustra- had to commemorate the five-hundredth tors, including each year’s new cohort from the anniversary of Vesalius’s birth with a special University of Toronto’s Biomedical Communi- exhibition in 2014. The exhibition has been ably cations Department, marvel anew at the curated by Philip Oldfield, History of Science expressive portrayal of the human body, and and Medicine librarian at the Fisher Library, Vesalius’s passionate commitment to making who has also written the accompanying cata- that portrayal both accurate and beautiful. logue. The Fisher Library’s medical holdings are Anne Dondertman impressive, but we have been able to supple- Director, Fisher Library ment our own resources in a most remarkable way for this exhibition. In addition to the extraordinarily important annotated copy of the second edition, made available to us on deposit, we have been fortunate to collaborate with other private collectors, as well as Christopher Lyons of the Osler Library at McGill University. Our own collections together with the works on loan have enabled us to situate Vesalius within the long tradition of anatomical knowledge and teaching up to his time, as well as to present an almost com- plete set of Vesalius’s own work. For example, from the Fisher’s own collections the first edi- tion of Fabrica and the German edition of the Epitome of the same year are being displayed alongside the Latin edition of the Epitome on loan from Dr Eugene Flamm, who has con- tributed a number of other important works to our exhibition. Stuart Rose has kindly lent the only other book known to have been anno- tated by Vesalius, Guenther’s Institutiones anatomicae. Dr Brian Morrison has lent an example of one of the plates from a contempo- rary plagiarized edition of Tabulae anatomicae sex. In addition to the 1555 annotated copy of Fabrica, Dr Vogrincic has contributed other items from his collection including many of the portraits and the medals. When I saw the extremely scarce first edition of Mondino’s Anatomia on sale by distinguished bookseller Jonathan A. Hill in New York earlier this year I knew that it would be a fabulous addition to our exhibition. Jonathan has very generously allowed us to put it on display, along with a six- teenth-century edition on loan from the Osler Library. I would also like to acknowledge the support and encouragement of Dr Zlatko FIS Vesalius 17_Layout 1 14-05-24 10:30 AM Page 6 FIS Vesalius 17_Layout 1 14-05-24 10:30 AM Page 7 Vesalius was born into a family with a long VESALIUS AT 500 medical pedigree. His great-great-grandfather, Peter Witing, had assembled a large medical InTrodUcTIon library, and had written a commentary on the This year we are commemorating the five- fourth fen of the encyclopaedic Latin version of hundredth anniversary of the birth of one of the Canon of the Persian physician Avicenna. In the great figures in the history of medicine. The his professional capacity Witing had attended fame and significance of Andreas Vesalius rest Emperor Friedrich III (45-493). Vesalius’s almost entirely on one book, his monumental great-grandfather, Johannes (d. 476), had also De humani corporis fabrica, first published in been in royal service as physician to Mary of 543. The Fabrica (as it is commonly referred to) Burgundy (457-48), wife of the future Holy is justifiably celebrated for its splendid wood- Roman Emperor Maximilian I (459-59). cuts that introduced art into the sphere of Johannes is recorded under the Latinized form anatomy, and set the standard for all future of his name, Johannes de Wesalia, in the reg- anatomical illustration. The enduring signifi- ister of the University of Leuven [Louvain] cance of the illustrations is attested to by the where he taught medicine, before being fact that they were still being copied and imi- appointed city physician of Brussels around tated two hundred years after their first 447. It was during Johannes’s lifetime that the appearance. In addition to its illustrations, the family surname was changed from Witing to Fabrica also conveys a vitally important text, Van Wesele. universally regarded as the cornerstone for the study and teaching of human anatomy. The Johannes’s eldest son, Everard, followed in his new approach Vesalius introduced to the father’s footsteps by becoming physician to formal instruction of anatomy, and the Mary of Burgundy, and to her husband the methodology he developed for presenting regent of the Netherlands, Archduke (from anatomical information based on direct and 508 Emperor) Maximilian I, and their children. accurate observation, were revolutionary in Everard also wrote a commentary on the med- their consequences. In addition to its other ical writings of Rhazes, (Ab¯u Bakr Muh.ammad merits, the Fabrica was also an excellent prac- ibn Zakariya¯ Ra¯zı¯ (854-95)) and on the first tical manual on dissection. The beautifully ren- four parts of the Aphorisms of Hippocrates. dered woodcuts blend elegantly with the printed text, resulting in a masterpiece of the Andreas, the father of Vesalius, was the illegiti- printer’s art - the perfect marriage of text and mate son of Everard. He was trained as an illustration. The Fabrica is without doubt one apothecary and entered the imperial service of of the splendours of Renaissance scientific book the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (500- making. 558) in that capacity. At an unknown date Andreas married Isabel, daughter of Jacob Yet despite the book’s universal appeal, sur- Crabbe, a tax-collector of Brussels, and prisingly little is known about its creator. The Catherine Sweerts. As part of his daughter’s biography of Vesalius is somewhat sketchy, and dowry, Jacob Crabbe provided a house on Helle there are large gaps in the narrative, particu- Straetken in the Haute Rue quarter, located in larly during his formative years, and in the final the southern part of Brussels. It was here that years of his life. What little we do know about Vesalius was born in 54. In the same house him, especially regarding his medical education his elder brother Nicolas, his younger brother and career, is gleaned from his own remarks Franciscus, and sister Anne were also born. The and observations found in his published writ- house was demolished in 6. On its site now ings. The testimony of his contemporaries stands L’église Saints-Jean-et-Étienne-aux-Min- helps to fill some of the gaps. imes. If we are to believe the testimony of the brilliant mathematician, astrologer, and physi- Andreas Vesalius was born André Van Wesele cian, Girolamo Cardano (50-576), who cast at the end of 54, the second son of Andreas Vesalius’s horoscope in 547, the anatomist was and Isabel Van Wesele.
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