Between the Waters
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HOBCAW BARONY The Belle W. Baruch Foundation Between the Waters B o a r d o f Volume XIII, Issue 1 Spring 2012 T r u s t e e s Minor Mickel Shaw Rising Tide: Chairman Edwin H. Cooper, III Vice Chairman Sea Level Rise Research at Albert Baruch Mercer, MD Secretary North Inlet Has Global Reach Hayne Hipp Treasurer n 1984 Dr. James Morris was an since 1984. While it is more common in assistant professor at the University of research to have data sets with only 3-5 years Hugh C. Lane, Jr. South Carolina studying how the worth of data, his productivity measurements chemistry of sediments in the salt marsh are the longest data set of their kind in the Benedict Rosen Iaffects the productivity of plant life. He was world, and they are being used around the testing the theory that too much sulfide, the globe in models regarding forecasts and Dale Rosengarten, PhD rotten egg smelling chemical in the marsh coastal impacts of sea level rise. Benjamin T. Zeigler produced by the marsh grasses, resulted in a decline in plant productivity. What he If sea level rise contributes to the productivity of discovered was a great variability in the density the cordgrass, then why are rising sea levels a and productivity of the plants. The plots of problem? In 1996 Morris began to measure Inside this cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, where the elevation, the surface of the marsh, to I s s u e : sulfide had been neutralized should have been determine if marsh elevation was keeping up with sea level rise. He found that thicker taller, but they weren’t. There was clearly cordgrasses were capable of trapping more something else affecting their productivity. Sea Level Rise 1 sediment which resulted in higher marsh Research elevations. There is an optimum relationship Over the next three years, Dr. Morris continued Executive Director 2 between marsh productivity and relative sea Notes to search for the cause of the variation in level. Provided that the rate of sea level rise is growth. He examined rainfall, temperature and low and the marsh elevation maintains its pace, Hobcaw 3 countless other factors to no avail. Morris was then a modest acceleration in sea level will Happenings at a dead end when he just happened to be increase plant productivity. However, if the sea Donors 4 discussing the problem with an oceanographer level starts to increase more rapidly, then the elevation will fall and the cordgrass will SCETV Opening 5 colleague who suggested he examine the Night variations in sea level. The correlation eventually drown. (Continued on page 2) between sea level and plant productivity was New Program: 5 phenomenal. Birds of Prey This newsletter made “I stumbled onto the sea level rise research,” possible by: says Morris. “Sometimes you are following a road and you reach a fork that leads you down a different and unknown road.” Dr. Morris is currently the Director at the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences of the University of South Carolina where he has become a world renowned researcher in coastal wetland ecology. He Wendy Allen has collected data at Hobcaw on Spartina Above: A view of North Inlet from Hobcaw Barony. P a g e 2 Executive Director Notes from George Chastain plantation, just as ours will be in primary investigator. In a few cases, n this issue’s lead article, Dr. future years. projects continue even after the James Morris alludes to the primary investigator has retired or value of long-term One of the unique features of our moved on to other opportunities. environmental monitoring to his research program at Hobcaw Iresearch program. As a forester, I Barony is the opportunity to conduct With the current change in land understand the necessity to have a long-term projects. Trends may take ownership patterns, sites for long- long range perspective. The actions years to emerge in nature while term research projects are becoming we take today as natural resources plants mature and animals react to increasingly rare on the coast of managers will influence the ecology their changing landscape. The ability South Carolina. For nearly forty- of the lands we manage for decades to monitor research projects over seven years Hobcaw Barony has to come. In many ways, the ecology decades can be critical for success. filled this role, a role that will only of Hobcaw Barony is still shaped While the duration of most research become more important in the today by the decisions of the projects at Hobcaw Barony is fewer decades to come. eighteenth and nineteenth century than two years, some projects have rice planters. The result of their work spanned the entire career of the is still evident throughout the (Continued from page 1) variability in future sea level rise between different locations. Some locations could experience sea level rise higher than the global “The stage is set for some average projection, while others could have a interesting changes in this century.” fall in sea level. The factors that cause sea level to rise more rapidly along the Mid-Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, and less rapidly in parts of the Pacific Northwest, are likely to continue. Salt marshes are one of the most biologically productive ecosystems in the world. According It is easy to become overwhelmed by the reality to South Carolina’s Department of Natural of rising sea level and wonder what we can do, Resources, they provide nursery areas for but Morris advises that the best way to prepare fishes, shellfish, and crustaceans and are is to plan for the inevitable. He recommends important feeding grounds and habitat for a that first we find and implement, in a meaningful Dr. James T. Morris (pictured above) is variety of animals. Cordgrasses have extensive way, substitutes for fossil fuels. He asks, “Are the Director of the Belle W. Baruch root systems which enable them to withstand our political systems set up for making Institute for Marine and Coastal brief storm surges thus buffering the impact on sacrifices today to prepare for our Sciences, Professor of Biological upland areas. Salt marshes also act as filters. grandchildren’s future tomorrow?” Morris also Sciences, Distinguished Professor of Marine Studies at the University of Tidal creeks meander through the marshes suggests that we need an organized retreat South Carolina, and an American transporting valuable nutrients as well as from the coast through zoning and insurance Association for the Advancement of pollutants from upland development. Salt regulations; as marshes migrate inland, we Science Fellow. He served as a marshes can absorb, or trap, some of these need to leave room for that to occur. Program Officer at the National Science pollutants in order to reduce the pollutant load Foundation from 2003-2005 and was a Morris acknowledges that we cannot abandon entering estuaries. visiting professor at Aarhus University, our major coastal cities such as New York, Denmark in 1990. His academic background includes degrees in According to Morris, if the current rate of sea Washington, or even Charleston and that they environmental sciences, (BA, Univ. level rise is constant, then the impact on the will need sea walls to be constructed around Virginia), biology (MA, Yale) and marsh will be favorable. However, the issue is them. Scientists have developed sea walls that forestry and environmental studies that sea level rise is accelerating. The operate like a reef where the surfaces are rough (PhD, Yale). Morris has authored more than 80 peer-reviewed publications and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Control rather than smooth allowing animals to anchor is regarded as an expert on the effects (IPCC) forecasts between 7.2 and 23.6 inches to them. Thus, there are opportunities to of sea level rise on coastal wetlands. of sea level rise by 2100 which did not include engineer solutions that have benefits. current knowledge of melting ice. Therefore, “The stage is set for some interesting changes the next IPCC forecast of sea level rise will be in this century,” says Morris. How we prepare significantly higher. for that today will determine the impact on the According to the IPCC, current model generation that follows. projections indicate there will be substantial Between the Waters HOBCAW Happenings Register by calling 843-546-4623 (unless otherwise specified) or email us at [email protected]. Additional activities offered by the North Inlet-Winyah Bay Estuarine Research Reserve www.northinlet.sc.edu Hobcaw Barony Tour Feeding Frenzy Tuesday thru Friday (except certain holidays) Friday, April 13th 2:30pm—3:15pm $20 per person 9:30am—12:30pm Free A 3-hour tour highlights Hobcaw House, Bellefield Plantation, Join us to see what’s in the tanks and what they eat. This Friendfield Village and various habitats of the property. program allows participants to see our 1200 gallon aquarium with Reservations are urged and may be made well in advance. several species of fish, our saltwater touch tank and a freshwater aquarium with an alligator. Birding on the Barony Third Saturday of each month 8:00am—1:00pm Are You Firewise? $25 per person Monday, April 23 6:00pm—7:30pm Explore Hobcaw’s woods and waters in search of migrating song Free birds and endangered red-cockaded woodpeckers. Participants Hear firsthand experiences from South Carolina Wildland visit longleaf pine forest, abandoned ricefields and scenic salt firefighters who were at the Lewis Ocean Bay Fire in Horry County marshes. Long pants, snacks, water and binoculars are on April 22, 2009. Leave better informed on the ways in which a suggested. To register contact Georgetown County Parks and community can better prepare for wildfire season.