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LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School
Spring 4-22-1987 Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblages from Mexican Continental Shelves Maria de la Luz Mata Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
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Recommended Citation Luz Mata, Maria de la, "Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblages from Mexican Continental Shelves" (1987). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 8219. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/8219
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A Thesis
Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science
i n
The Department of Geology
by Maria de la Luz Mata B.S., Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Mexico City, 1980 May, 1987 C • SL MANUSCRIPT THESES
Unpublished theses submitted for the Master's end Doctor's
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LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
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MaAla do. lot> AngeZez V RobeAto
poA 4u. a/noA y compAenAlon que Alo/npAe. me acompanan
A ma beAmanoi:
Juan Manuel
Ana
Angela
i i Acknowledgements
I would like to thank all the people who in one way or another helped me complete this project. Due to space limitation, it is impossible to mention everyone. However, I shall always remember everyone in my heart.
First, I would like to thank Dr. Barun Sen Gupta for his advice and his summer funding (McKee Scholarship). I also extend my gratitude to Dr. Willem van den Bold who was always willing to lend me a helping hand. I offer my sincere thanks to Dr. Judith Shiebout, who allowed me to use the facilities in the Museum of Geoscience and earn the financial support
through museum work over the past few years. I would like to mention all the help I got from my officemates, whose
enthusiasm and cheerful support encouraged me to complete
this study. I especially extend my gratitude to Jim Galluzzo
who spent many hours correcting the manuscript numerous
times. I would like to acknowledge la Direccion de
I nvestigaciones Oceanograficas de la Secretarfa de Marina for
allowing me to study the samples. Last, but not least, I
would like to thank Harald T. Leder, whose constant
encouragement gave the strength to see this project to its
fruition. Despite his absence, I always felt his presence,
and for this I am and will always be truly grateful.
iii TABLE OF CONTENTS
Dedication...... i i
Acknowledgments i i i
List of tables v i
List of Figures v i i
List of Plates i x
Abstract ...... x
I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1
BACKGROUND...... 8
II. PHYSIOGRAPHY ...... 10
TOPOGRAPHY...... 10
III. OCEANOGRAPHY ...... 14
WINDS...... 14
WATER CIRCULATION ...... 14
SALINITY...... 19
TEMPERATURE...... 21
IV. SUBSTRATE ...... 22
V. SYSTEMATICS OF BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA ...... 2 7
VI. DIVERSITY...... 1 1 2
VII. LIVING FAUNA ...... 136
Gulf of Campeche...... 136
Gulf of Tehuantepec...... 144
VIII. TOTAL FAUNA ...... 155
Gulf of Campeche...... 155
Gulf of Tehuantepec...... 159
Comparisons: Living vs. Total...... 161
iv I X SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 16 4
PLATES...... 167
REFERENCES...... 183
Appendix One: Species percentages:Total populations of
Benthic For aminifera in the Gulf of Campeche...... 191
Appendix Two: Species percentages:Tota 1 populations of
Benthic Foraminifera in the Gulf of Tehuantepec.. 199
Appendix Three: Species percentages:Living populations
of Benthic foraminifera in the Gulf of Campeche... 201
Appendix Four: Species percentages:Living populations
of Benthic foraminifera in the Gulf of Tehuantepec 205
Appendix Five: Diversity values for total
and living populations in Campeche...... 206
Appendix Six: Diversity values for total
and living populations in Tehuantepec...... 207
Curriculum Vita...... 208
v LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
1. Geographic locations of the stations in the
Gulf of Campeche...... 4
2. Geographic locations of the stations in the
Gulf of Tehuantepec...... 6
3. Benthic Foraminifera 1 species in the Gulfs of
Campeche and Tehuantepec...... 30
4. Species occurrence data ...... 28
5. Species at 5 percent abundance level within the
total and living assemblages in the Gulf of
Campeche and in the Gulf of Tehuantepec...... Ill
6. Distribution of the living species in the Gulf of
Campeche at 5 percent abundance level...... 137
7. Distribution of the living species in the Gulf of
Tehuantepec at 5 percent abundance level...... 145
8. Distribution of the species at 5 percent abundance
level within the total populations in the Gulf of
Campec he...... 156
9. Distribution of the species at 5 percent abundance
level within the total populations in the Gulf of
Tehuantepec...... 160
vi LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE 1. Locations of the study areas...... 2
2 . Bathymetry of the southern Gulf of Mexico,
and locations of samples...... 3
3. Bathymetry of the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico,
and locations of samples...... 5
4. Depth profiles in the Gulf of Campeche...... 1 2
5. Depth profiles in the Gulf of Tehuantepec...... 1 3
6. Surface circulation in the Gulf of Mexico...... 1 5
7. Surface circulation near the Eastern Equatorial
Pacific coast...... 17
8. Vertical distribution of Temperature and Salinity
in the Gulf of Tehuantepec...... 20
9. Distribution of sediments and location of reef
zones in the Gulf of Campeche...... 2 3
10. Carbonate percentage in sediment...... 2 4
11. Grain size distribution in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, 26
12. Plots of species diversity S, H(s) and E against
water depth: Gulf of Campeche Total assemblage.... 115
13. Plots of species diversity S, H(s) and E against
water depth: Gulf of Campeche Living assemblage... 1 1 6
14. Mean values of S, H(s) and E plotted against
water depth: Gulf of Campeche Total fauna...... 118
15. Mean values of S, H(s) and E plotted against
water depth: Gulf of Campeche Living fauna...... 1 1 9
16. Plots of species diversity S, H(s) and E against
water depth: Gulf of Tehuantepec Total assemblage. 121
Vi i 17. Plots of species diversity S, H(s) and E against
water depth: Gulf of Tehuantepec Living assemblage. 122
18. Mean values for S, H(s) and E against water depth:
Gulf of Tehuantepec Total fauna...... 123
19. Mean values for S, H(s) and E against water depth:
Gulf of Tehuantepec Living fauna...... 124
20. Distribution of Shannon-Wiener Indices for Total
fauna in Campeche samples...... 126
21. Distribution of Shannon-Wiener Indices for Living
fauna in Campeche samples...... 127
22. Distribution of Shannon-Wiener Indices for Total
fauna in Tehuantepec samples...... 129
23. Distribution of Shannon-Wiener Indices for Living
fauna in Tehuantepec samples...... 130
24. Species dominance pattern in the Gulf of Campeche. 140
25. Q-Mode cluster diagram: Gulf of Campeche living
fauna...... 143
26. Species dominance pattern in the Gulf of
Tehuantepec...... 147
27. Q-Mode cluster diagram: Gulf of Tehuantepec
living fauna...... 150
28. Percentage of the Living fauna and number of
specimens/cc in the Gulf of Campeche samples...... 152
29. Percentage of the Living fauna and number of
specimens/cc in the Gulf of Tehuantepec samples... 153
30. Q-Mode cluster diagram: Gulf of Campeche Total
fauna...... p 5 g
vi i i 31. Q-Mode cluster diagram: Gulf of Tehuantepec Total
fauna...... 162
LIST OF PLATES
PAGE
I. PLATE 1...... 168
II. PLATE 2...... 170
III. PLATE 3...... 172
IV. PLATE 4...... 174
V. PLATE 5...... 176
VI. PLATE 6...... 178
VII. PLATE 7...... 180
VII. PLATE 8...... 182
ix ABSTRACT
The recent benthic foraminifera 1 fauna of the continental margins of Mexico (Gulf of Campeche and Gulf of
Tehuantepec) was studied. Surficial sediment samples (lOcc) were collected using a Shipeck dredge and were stained with
Sudan Black "B" in order to differentiate the living fauna
from the death assemblage. In the 41 samples from the Gulf
of Campeche, 279 species were found in the total assemblage
in water depths ranging from 9 to 586 m. In the 22 samples in
the Gulf of Tehuantepec, 132 species were identified from the
total assemblage in water depths of 20 to 180 m. A total of
175 species were found alive in the Gulf of Campeche compared
to the 70 found in the Gulf of Tehuantepec. Shannon-Wiener
values indicated that the Gulf of Campeche species diversity
was higher than that of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. However,
living and total faunas in both areas follow the same
diversity trends in relation to water depth. Even though the
samples from Tehuantepec show lower diversity, the fauna
shows a more uniform distribution in terms of evenness (E).
The observed diversity trends could be explained by the Time
Stability Theory. Based on water depth, the following three
assemblages were found in both the Gulf of Campeche and the
Gulf of Tehuantepec: Inner neritic (less than 50 m), central
and outer neritic (50-150 m), and upper bathyal. Even though
assemblages of the two areas are different at the species
level, there are similarities at the generic level. The
cluster analysis provided a better correlation in both areas
x between total faunas and water depths. For the living fauna
in Campeche, sediment distribution was correlated with faunal
distribution. In Tehuantepec, the distribution of the
dominant species Hanzawaia nitidula is strongly reflected in
the structure of the dendrogram.
x i INTRODUCTION
Recent benthic fotaminiferal fauna of the continental margins of Mexico has barely been studied. The primary goals of this study are: (1) to provide information concerning the benthic foraminifera 1 species present on two continental margins, one in the Gulf of Campeche (Gulf of Mexico), the
other in the Gulf of Tehuantepec (Pacific Ocean), (2) to
recognize the foraminifera 1 zones in each area, (3) to
compare living and total faunal distributions, and (4) to
correlate these distributions with available hydrographic
data.
Forty-one samples were collected in the Campeche Bay area
(Figs. 1, 2) from three oceanographic cruises (DGO-DM-20-78-
04, DGO-DM- 20-79-02 and DGO-DM- 20- 81-04 ) carried out in
September by the Mexican Navy in 1978, 1979 and 1981. Table 1
gives the geographic locations and depths of samples.
In the Tehuantepec Gulf area (Figs. 1, 3), 22 samples were
collected in September of 1977 during a cruise organized by
the Mexican Navy, designated DG0-MM-01-77. The stations were
located along four transects perpendicular to the coast line
in the SE portion of the gulf (Fig. 3) . Geographic locations
and depths of these samples are given in table 2.
At each sample site, in both areas, 10 cc of surface
sediment was collected using a Shipeck dredge which involved
the insertion of a short piece of plastic tubing into the
sediment (Phleger, 1960).
1 FIG. 1 LOCATIONS OF THE STUDY AREAS. fIG. 2 BATHYMETRY OF THE SOUTHERN GULF OF MEXICO [Faom Bylant, eX at, 1984), and LOCATIONS OF SAMPLES [ VGO-PM- 2 0 - 8 1 - 04 (A), VGO-VM-2lT7 9 - 02 (□) , and VGO-VM-2 0- 78- 04 (Q) 1■ 4 FIG. 3 BATHYMETRY OF THE GULF OF TEHUANTEPEC, MEXICO (Flam Ladd 6 Bu^M, J9S5), Ui and LOCATIONS OF SAMPLES. 6
TRAVERSE STATION DATE N. LAT W. LONG DEPTH (M)
1 09/07/77 15°47* 93°43' 20
2 09/07/77 15°37' 93°43' 29 I 3 09/07/77 15°27' 94°43' 41
4 09/07/77 15°17’ 93°43' 54
5 09/07/77 15°40' 93°30' 21
6 09/07/77 15°34' 93°30' 30
7 09/07/77 15°25' 93°30' 40 II 8 09/07/77 15°17' 93°29’ 52
9 09/07/77 15°07' 93°30' 100
10 09/07/77 15°00' 93°30' 170
11 09/08/77 15°21’ 93°10' 21 12 09/08/77 15°15* 93°10' 30
13 09/08/77 15°04' 93°10' 50 III 14 09/08/77 14°57' 93°10' 64
15 09/08/77 14°48' 93°10' 115 16 09/08/77 14°41' 93°10' 180
17 09/09/77 14°49* 92°37' 30
18 09/09/77 14°40‘ 92°38' 31
19 09/09/77 14°35' 92°37' I V 40 20 09/09/77 14°28' 92°38' 54 21 09/09/77 14°21' 92°38' 100 22 09/09/77 14°18' 92°38' 115
TABLE 2 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF STATIONS IN THE GULF OF TEHUANTEPEC. 7
A 5 % formalin solution prepared with sea water and neutralized by a concentrated solution of sodium carbonate was used for preserving and fixing the protoplasm of the living for aminifera 1 fauna. Later, in the laboratory, the material was washed under running water in a sieve of 230 mm
U.S. standard mesh to remove the fixative solution and the
fine sediment fraction.
Afterwards, the material was stained with a 70 % Sudan
Black "B" solution (Walker, et al., 1974) and washed again
through a 230 mesh (63/^m) U.S. standard sieve with 70 %
alcohol. The samples were dried at room temperature (70° C),
and when dried, a microsplitter was used to obtain a portion
of approximately 300 benthic specimens per fraction. The
benthic fauna found was separated, counted and mounted in
micropa 1eonto1ogica 1 slides.
The samples collected in the Gulf of Tehuantepec were
treated in the same fashion as those collected in the
Campeche area. Partial results of this study can be found in
the Bachelor's thesis of the present author (Mata, 1980).
A SAS software program was used to run a cluster analysis.
Ward's method was selected in order to show the clustering
structure among the samples for both areas.
Photomicrographs were taken of the species found in each
of the study areas. Specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs
with double-stick tape, coated with a film of gold (approx.
2 00 A ) and photographed using an Scanning Electron Microscope
(JEOL JSM-T300) with Polaroid type 55 black and white film. BACKGROUND
The study of benthic foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico started 35 years ago. At the beginning, the main purpose was primarily taxonomic. Later, more importance was given to the ecological aspects of the distribution of the fauna.
Among the most important studies to be mentioned in the
Gulf of Mexico are the ones done by Phleger and Parker
(1951), Parker (1954), Pflum and Frerichs (1976), and Poag
(1981,1984), all of which dealt with the northern region of the Gulf. On the other hand, only a few studies have been focused on the southern region. Aya1 a-Castahares ( 1 96 3) studied samples in the Laguna de Terminos where he defined four biofacies based on salinity, carbonate content, and marine vegetation present in the lagoon. Lidz and Lidz (1966) studied reef samples located in front of the Veracruz Port and found 2 faunal assemblages, one dominated by the species
£2 £211A 2 beccarii, and the other by the association of the
El£hidj.um-mil iolid group. David ( 1 964 ) focused his attention on the for aminifera 1 fauna of in the Alacran Reef, Campeche and compared its distribution with that of other tropical
reef faunas in the Pacific.
In the case of the Gulf of Tehuantepec on the Pacific coast, even fewer studies of the benthic for aminifera 1 fauna
have been conducted. In their study made along the U.S. west
coast, Bandy and Arnal (1957) considered five samples in
Acapulco. Uchio (1960) and Lankford and Phleger (1973)
8 9 studied samples from California. In recent years, La
Direccion de I n v es t i g ac io nes Oceanograficas , of the Mexican
Navy Department, has published a series of reports which offer some information concerning the distribution of the for am inifera 1 fauna (Avelarde and Mata, 1 98 0 ; Mata, 1 98 2 , and
Mata, 1982a) PHYSIOGRAPHY
Benthic communities depend primarily on the topographic and sedimentologica1 nature of the substratum, river outflow, as well as seasonal and regional variations in water temperature, salinity and turbidity. Hence, it is important to give a brief description of the physiographic features of the areas involved.
TOPOGRAPHY
The Gulf of Campeche lies in the southwestern portion of the Gulf of Mexico. It is located geographically between longitudes 90° and 95° W, and between latitudes 18° and
2 1° N .
The total surface area of the Gulf of Mexico is
approximately 1,600,000 square kilometers (Ehler, £t al.,
1985); the Gulf of Campeche occupies about one eighth of this
area.
The limit of the continental shelf in the Gulf of Mexico
is considered to be in the depth range of 100 to 200 m
(Rezak, e_t al, , 1985). Its topography is related to the
mainland both geologically and geomorpho logica 11y {Harding
and Nowlin, 1966). Continental slopes are, in general,
continuous around the margins of the basin between the
isobaths of 200-2000 m (Harding and Nowlin, 1966). However,
10 1 1 due to salt diapirism in the central Gulf Ba s i n , an irregular topography is found (Sackett , 1972; Harding and Nowlin, 1966;
Re z a k , e t a 1 . , 1 98 5). t The Gulf of Campeche for ms a ter race of v a r iable width, rang ing from a few kilometers (e.g., 31 k m i n front of
Veracruz Port; Lynch , 1 95 4 ) t o a ppr ox ima t e iy 250 k ilometer s west and north of the Yucatan Peninsula (Fig • 2) .
The r eg ion , hence , could be divided i n to two marine geolog ic pr o v i nc e s character ized by their to pog r a ph y and
sediment distribution: (1) The Campeche Sound or Campeche
Bay in the west, and (2) The Yucatan shelf or Campeche Bank
in the east (Campos, 1981, Campos, 1981a) .
The western area is characterized by a narrow shelf and a
variable slope. The upper slope shows a slight increase in
dip from the shelf, whereas the lower part of the slope is an
escarpment. This is demonstrated in the depth profiles drawn
for the studied samples (Fig. 4).
The eastern region, in contrast, is an extensive shallow
carbonate platform with a regular topography (Campos, 1981,
Campos , 1981a) . It is considered a stepped terrace associated
with former stands of sea level. The adjacent slope is
steep and continuous down to the abyssal plain (Harding and
Nowlin, 1966).
The Gulf of Tehuantepec (latitudes 14-16° N; longitudes
96-92 0 W) is located south of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec,
which is the narrowest passage between the Gulf of Mexico and
the Pacific Ocean The total surface area of the Tehuantepec CAMPECHE BAY ) ih (
DEPTH
FIG. 4 PERTH PROFILES IN THE GULF OF CAMPECHE. 1 3
Gulf is about 49,000 square kilometers.
Compared to that of Campeche, the continental shelf of the Gulf of Tehuanpetec is narrower, about 50 km wide
(Wyrtki, 1966). In addition, the continental slope is steep
(Fig. 3) and shows undulations.
In figure 5, bathymetric profiles of the sampling lines are shown. The shelf-edges are between the 75-100 m isobath.
5 0 Km STATIONS
FIG. 5 DEPTH PROFILES IN THE GULF OF TEHUANTEPEC 1 4
OCEANOGRAPHY
WINDS
Although the direction of the wind in the Gulf of Campeche is variable, it is generally landward. The strongest winds are present from June to December (Hastenorth & Lamb, 1977).
In the Tehuantepec region, the prevailing winds blow seaward from the coast and are strongest in January and
February. These strong winds called "Tehuantepecanos" induce the entrainment of water from the sides and upwelling of water from below, causing the surface waters to move toward the south [Stumpf, 1975). For this reason, the Gulf of
Tehuantepec is recognized as one of the areas in North
America with strong winter upwelling (Roden, 1961).
Zones of upwelling in the Gulf of Campeche have rarely been
reported. However, studies conducted by Rossov & Santana
(1966) have indicated a zone of deep-water upwelling near the
port of Veracruz.
WATER CIRCULATION
In the Gulf of Mexico, the circulation of the surface
waters is generally the same throughout the year. There l s
however, some seasonal increase in velocity during the spring
and summer (Leipper, 1 954 : 1 2 5 ; Harding and Nowlin, 1 96 6 ;
Sackett, 1972). Apparently, both the surface current pattern
and deep-water spreading are largely determined by the 1 5
topography of the basin.
The principal water influx is from the Caribbean Sea
through the Yucatan Channel, which has a sill depth range of
1500 to 1900 m (Harding and Nowlin, 1966). Surface waters
follow a clockwise trend after passing through the Yucatan
Strait (Fig. 6) and head westward across the broad carbonate
platform of the Yucatan Peninsula. They then swing southwest
along the outer shelf in the Bay of Campeche and finally flow
northward to the Texas shelf (Rezak, et al., 1985).
FIG. 6 SURFACE CIRCULATION IN THE GULF OF MEXICO (F/iom Rezafe, eT , 79S5). i 1 6
In the north-eastern part of the Gulf, the flow shifts eastward, southeastward and again eastward toward the Strait of Florida (Leipper, 1954), where it finally leaves the Gulf.
In the case of Tehuantepec Gulf, the surface circulation is a little more complex due to shifts in the major wind systems
(Fig. 7). Circulation in the equatorial region of the
Pacific is dominated by the eastern and equatorial portions of the anticyclonic gyres. In the North Pacific, these consist of the California Current and the North Equatorial
Current, and in the South Pacific, the South Equatorial
Current and the Peru Current.
Between the North and South Equatorial Currents, an
eastward-flowing Equatorial Counter Current cBrries waters to
the north along the coasts of El Salvador, Guatemala and
Mexico. These waters meet the North Equatorial Current,
which flows to the west, and at about 20° N they meet the
cold waters of the California Current. From August to
December, the Equatorial Counter Current is stronger. This
pattern basically remains the same from February through
April, but the California Current becomes stronger, and its
influence is felt further to the South.
In summary, throughout the year in the southern parts of
Mexico, there is an anticyclonic circulation toward the
southeast which turns westward off the Gulf of Tehuantepec
(Wyrtki, 1966) 1 7
FIG. 7 SURFACE CIRCULATION NEAR THE EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC COAST (F/iom Wy/itfeQ, 1 966). 1 8
Bo t tom Water
In the Gulf of Mexico, WOst (1963), Nowlin (1972) and
Sacket (1972) point out that deep water influx coming from the Caribbean through the Yucatan Channel occurs sporadically and is largely controlled by the topography and sill depth of the channel (Harding and Nowlin, 1966). There is, however, a we 11-stratified bottom water mass. The deep bottom water located at depths between 1800- 2500 m is indirectly related to the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), in which temperature and salinity values show little vertical variation. The average salinity of this core at 1600 m is 34.75 o/oo, and the average temperature is 4.22° C (Harding and Nowlin,
1966). An intermediate water mass called the Subantartic
Intermediate Underwater (SAIW) is present at depths ranging
from 500-1000 m. This water mass is characterized by a
minimum salinity of about 34.85 o/oo and average temperature
of 6.2° C (Harding and Nowlin, 1966). A third one known as
Subtropical Underwater (SUW) is located at about 100-200 m
and is characterized by high salinity values of 36.75 o/oo
(Sacket, 1972) and temperatures ranging between 18-24 0 C
(Harding and Nowlin, 1966; Flint and Rabolais, 1981). 1 9
SALINITY
To date, oceanographic data for the Campeche samples have not been published by the Mexican Navy office. However,
Leipper (1954) mentioned that above the 50 m water level, salinity is greater than 36.25 o/oo, indicating a possible upwelling of the subsurface waters that enter the Gulf from the Yucatan Channel.
In the core from 50-200 m, Rossov and Santana (1966) reported a maximum salinity of 36.6 to 36.8 o/oo for the SUW, while the minimum salinity of the SAIW in the core from 8 0 0-
1000 m was measured at 34.8 to 34.9 o/oo.
In the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Blackburn and collaborators
(1962) reported salinities ranging between 33 to 33.73 o/oo
in the upper 20 m., and values as high as 34.0 - 34.50 o/oo
for deeper waters down to 200 m. Wyrtki (1966:4) explains
the low salinity values as being a result of rainfall
exceeding evaporation in the area. He defines the surficial
waters as a cool water mass with a high oxygen content and
low salinity ( less than 34 o/oo).
Figure 8 depicts vertical profiles of salinity and
temperature values provided by the Mexican Navy Report
(Gonzalez & Arenas, 1978) for the SE region of the Gulf of
Tehuantepec . In layers above 50 m, salinity values vary
between 35.0 and 36.90 o/oo. For layers below this depth,
values are higher. 2 0
93 93 w 93*19 W 93*09 W
FiO. g VERTICAL PI SIR I BUT ION OF TEMPERATURE ANP SALINITY IN THE GULF OF TEHUANTEPFC
(F*om GonzaEe.4 S Anenai, 7 9 78) Foa tnamect 1, iamplei uiene taken {nom the 4 oceanogn.aph.tc iattlom Indicated on the dlagnam. The two othen tnan&ect& ihown (2A and 3A) ane nean tnamecti 2 and 3 {on mg iamptlng itatloni [Table 2), but they do not coincide.
L 2 1
TEMPERATURE
In the shallow coastal areas of the southwestern part of the Gulf of Mexico, surface temperatures exceed 28° C during the summer (Ehler, e_t a_.L. , 1985) due to the high amount of radiated heat (Hastenorth & Lamb, 1977). During the cold season, surface temperatures range from 23.5 to 24° C (Ehler, e_t al., 1 985 ). However, there is a gradual drop in water temperature from 24° to 16° C between 100 and 1000 m depth.
Surface waters in the Gulf of Tehuantepec are cooler than those in the Gulf of Mexico (Wyrtki, 1966:41).
The coldest waters occur from November to March, when temperatures range from 26° to 27° C (Hastenorth & Lamb,
1977). Characterized by a mixed layer, these waters retain a
temperature of about 30° C from the surface to about 30 m
depth. In deeper waters, the temperature continues to
decrease slowly until reaching the thermocline, where
temperature decreases sharply and substantially (Wyrtki,
1966:41; Gonzalez and Arenas, 1978). 2 2
SUBSTRATE
Few studies on marine flora have been carried out in either the Gulf of Campeche Bay (Taylor, 1954) or in the Gulf of Tehuantepec (Huerta and Tirado, 1970; Earle, 1972). In the
Bay of Campeche, sandy beaches are common, as well as rocky shoals and reefal areas. These environments are able to support a thriving algal biota (Taylor, 1954). Lot (1968) mentioned the presence of Thalassia tes£ud_inum, 5EEE£a maritima, and HaAodule wr_i g h_t£_i in 2 to 10 m water depth in
front of Veracruz Port, where reef zones are present.
Further south, near Punta Roca Partida, rocky coastal cliffs
are present as a result of lava flows in the area.
Mangroves are abundant on the muddy coast of the Laguna de
Terminos (Taylor, 1 9 5 4 ), while 2*lai£ss_ia testudium and
£iEi£E.E£E£ EEiSllEii. are the predominant algae. As shown in
figure 9, the area is composed mainly of terrigenous
sediments (Rezak, et al,, 1985; Campos, 1981; Campos, 1981a).
This is primarily due to the erosive effects of numerous
rivers (Papaloapan, Coatzoacoalcos and Grijalva mainly) on
the geological formations of the area (Mel'ink &
Zernetskii, 1966:60).
Along the western and northern coasts oof f the YucaYucatan tan
Peninsula, extensive patches of £5a£2assum are distinctive
regional features. Earle (1972) reported 164 spec ies o f
benthic algae near the Alacran Reef zone. The regionr i s
characterized by carbonate sediments (Fig. 10) and contains »J' 99 91 90 ------1------1------1------j------
FIG. 9 PlSTR1BUT ION OF SEPIHENTS (A^tei Campot, 196 1 , 19 S I a i Campot <11 pneil) AWP LOCUTION OF KEEF TONES (Arffet taAfe, 19721. IO FIG. JO CARBONATE PERCENTAGE IN SEDIMENT (ArfWt Camped, I9«Z) 2 5 mollusc fragments, foraminifera and allochemical precipi tates. It comprises an area of about 103,600 square kilo meters, making it one of the largest modern carbonate provinces in the world (Hoskin, 1963; Rezak, et a 1 . , 1 98 5).
Because of the absence of rivers in the Yucatan Peninsula, the influx of material from dry land is almost negligible.
The area is, hence, considered to have a low clastic
sedimentation rate.
In the Gulf of Tehuantepec, marine vegetation is sparse in
some areas but rather abundant in others (Huerta, 1978). The
distribution of mangroves is also patchy along the southern
Pacific coast. Toward the northwestern portion of the Gulf,
the algae Enteromorpha intestinalis and Ruppia mar it i ma are
abundant. Other species present include Acetabular ia
filicina, Dictyota divaricata and Acetabularia calyculus, an
alga which grows on shells and cobbles. In the southeastern
part, Gr_acj^.l ar^a s j_os t_ed _ii. is the dominant species, building
up extensive sea-grass beds.
Just as in the Gulf of Campeche, the Gulf of Tehuantepec
can be divided into two provinces based upon sed imen t
distribution (Fig. 11). In the southeastern region of the
Gulf, medium-sized sand grains are present along the
continental shelf, whereas in the northwest, fine sands are
dominant (Estavillo & Campos, 1980). Fluvial runoff is the
main source of the terrigenous sediments present FIG. 11 GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION fArfte* Ellaville 6 Campoi, I9S0],
IQ O> SYSTEMATICS OF BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA
The classification followed in the present study is the
one revised by Loeblich and Tappan ( 1 984 ) .
The original references of the species identified in the
Campeche and Tehuantepec samples are given in the following
pages.
A total of 371 species were identified from both areas.
Species are listed alphabetically in table 3, which indicates
where they were found, either present or living, and the page
where their reference could be found.
The following table summarizes the total number of species
found in the living or total assemblages for both areas.
Concerning the total population (dead + living) , 279
species constitute the benthic assemblage in the Gulf of
Campeche, in contrast to 132 species identified in the Gulf
of Tehuantepec. However, when only the 9 - 200 m depth range
is considered in Campeche, 131 species are present in the
total population.
Alphabetical species lists with species percentages for
Campeche Bay and the Gulf of Tehuantepec are shown in
Appendices one and two, respectively. There are forty species
which are common to both areas. A total of 175 living
species was found in Campeche, compared to 70 species found
alive in Tehuantepec. When considering water depths up to 200
m in Campeche, 66 species were found in the living
population.
27
I 2 8
Append i x 3 presents in a lphabetical order the species found alive in Campec he , a long with their percentages.
Appendix 4, i n the same way, lists those found in the Gulf of Tehuantepec . As indicated by these appendices, nineteen living species were common to both areas.
AT 5 % LEVEL
(i.e., constituing 5% or 371 SPECIES more of assemblage in one or more samples)
75 SPECIES
CAMPECHE TEHUANTEPEC CAMPECHE TEHUANTEPEC
TOTAL 279 132 50 30
IN COMMON: IN COMMON:
40
LIVING 175 70 56 25
IN COMMON: IN COMMON:
19 5
TABLE 4 SPECIES OCCURRENCE DATA 2 9
In Campeche, 50 species attain the five percent abundance level, whereas in Tehuantepec, 30 species do so. In terms of the living fauna, 56 species contitute the assemblage in
Campeche, and 25 species are present in the Tehuantepec assemblage. Table 5 lists the species which reach a five percent level of abundance in either area Five species:
Ammon i_a P££jS.i£SOn i^a na , Boliv ina ££^££n£r e££££ '
Ep£££f3es antiliar urn, Quinqueloculina lamarckiana, and
Tr_j_fa££na bella were found living in both areas.
Plates were made to illustrate the species which occurred
at or above the five percent abundance level. Forty-eight
and 30 species were selected for Campeche and Tehuantepec
respectively. 3 0
UJ <-> OI UJo- UJ a.UJ U- tq 3 2 U PLATE X < «t O 3 ft. I Alabamina decorata L V-UJ 106 Alveolophragmium orbiculatum P 43 Alveolophragmium columbiensis P 43 Ammobaculites exiguus P 42 Ammodiscus incertus P 39 Ammomarginulina foliacea P 42 Ammonia parkinsoniana L L 109, pi.5 6 p 1 • 8. Ammonia pauciloculata L 109 Ammoscalaria pseudospiral is L 42, pi. 1, fig. 1. Ammotium planissimum P 42 Amphicoryna camachoi P 66 Amphicoryna hirsuta P 66 Amphisorus hemprichi P 64 Amphistegina gibbosa L 103 Angulodiscorbis charlottiensis P 99 Angulogerina carinata L 89 Angulogerina hughesi L 89 Archais angulatus L 64 Arenoparella mexicana P 45 Articulina lineata P 62 Articulina mayori P 62 Articulina sagra L 62 Articulina sulcata P 62 Asterigerina carinata L 103, pi. 5, fig. 2. Astrononion incillis L 105, pi. 8, fig. 4. Bathysiphon filiformis P 38 Bathysiphon sp. P 38 Bigenerina irregularis P 49, pi. 1, fig. 4. Bolivina alata L 78 Bolivina albatrossi L 78 Bolivina barbata L 78 Bolivina fragilis L 78 Bolivina lowmani L L 78, pi. 2, fig. 11. Bolivina minima L 78, pi. 2, fig. 9. Bolivina ordinaria L 79, pi. 2, fig. 10. Bolivina pacifica L 79 Bolivina plicata L 79, pi. 6, fig. 9. Bolivina pseudoplicata P 79 Bolivina pygmaea L 79 Bolivina seminuda P 80 Bolivina seminuda humilis L 80 Bolivina striatula L 80 Bolivina striatula spinata L 80 Bolivina subaenarensis mexicana L L 80 , pl..3 6 pl.6. Bolivina subspinensis L 81 Bolivina tongi filacostata L 81 Bolivina translucens L 81 Bolivina variabilis L 81 Bolivina vaughani L 81
TABLE 3 BENTHIC F0RAM1NT FERAL SPECIES IN THE GULFS OF CAMPECHE ANP TEHUANTEPEC. P« PA.e_4e.nt; L» PA.e.Aent oa> tXuing i>pecZmeni. 3 1
TabZc 3, cent.
c T Pg- Bolivinita rhomboidalis L 78 Bolivinopsis sp. p 44 Brizalina acuminata L 82, pi. 7, fig. 1. Brizalina acutula L 82 Buccella hannai L 96 Buccella tenerrima L 96 Bulimina aculeata L 83 Bulimina affinis L 84 Bulimina alazanensis L 84, pi.3, fig. 2. Bulimina inflata mexicana L 84 Bulimina marginata L L 84 Bulimina spicata L 84 Bulimina tenuis L 84 Buiimina sp.1 P 85 Buliminella bassendorfensis L 85, pi.3, fig. 3. Buliminella curta P 85 Buliminella elegantissima L P 85 Buliminella tenuata P 86 Buliminella williamsoniana P 86 Cancris auricula L L 93, pi. 7, fig. 5. Cancris panamensis L 93, pi. 7, fig. 8. Cancris sagra L 94 Cassidulina braziliensis L 91, pi. 7, fig. 4. Cassidulina corbyi L 91 Cassidulina crassa L 91 Cassidulina curvata L 92 Cassidulina delicata L 92, pi. 7, fig. 6. Cassidulina laevigata L 92 Cassidulina neocarinata L 92 Cassidulina subglobosa L 92, pi. 3, fig. 8. Cassidulina tortuosa L 92 Cassidulina sp. L 93, pi. 7, fig. 7. Cassidulinoides mexicana L 77 Cassidulinoides waltoni P 77 Chilostomella oolina L 106 Chrysa1 idinella spectabilis L 86 Cibicides corpulentus L 100 Cibicides deprimus L 100 Cibicides fletcheri L 101, pi. 8, 1. Cibicides floridanus fig. L L Cibicides io 101, pi. 4, fig. 7. L 101, pi. 4, fig. g. Cibicides mckannai L 101 Cibicides mollis L Cibicides phlegeri 101 P Cibicides sp. 101 P Clavulina mexicana 102 P Clavulina tricarinata 49 L Cribrostomoides subglobosun 50 P 41 Cribrostomoides weisneri P Cushmanella browni 42 P P 76
I 3 2
Tabte. 3, aont. c T Pg-
Cyclogyra planorbis L 50 Dentalina calomorpha P 66 Dentalina communis L 67 Dentalina costai p 67 Dentalina filiformis L 67 Dentostomina bermudezi P 56 Discorbis rosea L 96, pi. 4, fig. 1. Dyocibicides biserialis L 102 Dyocibicides sp.1 L 102, pi. 2, fig. 2. Eggerella advena P 47 Eggerella bradyi P 47 Eggerella pusilla P 47 Ehrenbergina trigona L 93 Elphidium discoidale L 109 Elphidium excavatum L P 110, pi. 5, fig. 8. Elphidium frimbriatulum L 110 Elphidium gunteri L L 110 Elphidium poeyanum L P 110, pi. 5, fig. 7. Elphidium sag rum P 110 Epistominella bradyana L 96, pi. 7, fig. 9. Epistominella exigua L 96, pi. 4, fig. 2. Epistominella smithi P 97, pi. 7, fig. 11. Epistominella vitrea L 97 Eponides antillarum L L 94 Eponides regularis L 95 Eponides repandus P P 95 Eponides tumidulus L 95, pi. 3, fig. 9. Eponides turgidus L 95, pi. 3, fig. 10. Eponides umbonatus P 95 Fissurina apiculata L 74 Fissurina laevigata L 75 Fissurina lucida L P 75 Fissurina marginata P 75 Fissurina marginata var P 75 Fissurina marginataperforata L 75 Fissurina orbignyana L 76 Florilus astricta L L 104 Florilus basispinatus L 104, pi. 8, fig. 5. Florilus sp. P 104 Frondicularia sagittula P 67 Frondicularia sp. P 67 Fursenkoina loeblichi L 90 Fursenkoina mexicana L 90 Fursenkoina pontoni L L 90, pi. 3, fig. 7. Fursenkoina sandiegoensis L 90 Fursenkoina spinicostata L 90 Fursenkoina tessellata L 91 Gaudryina aequa L 46 Gaudryina arenaria P 46 Gaudryina atlantica P 46
► 3 3
Table 3, coni. c T P8- Gaudryina exilis L 46 Gaudryina pauperata p 46 Gavelinopsis campanulata L 97 Gavelinopsis praegeri L 97, pi. 4, fig. 3. Gavelinopsis turbinata P 97 Glandulina laevigata L 74 Globobulimina hoegloundi P 85 Globulina equalis L 73 Globulina gibba L 73 Glomospira gordialis P 39 Guttulina australis P 73 Guttulina pulchella L 73 Guttulina spicaeformis L 73 Gyroidina altiformis L L 107 Gyroidina orbicularis L 107 Gyroidina quinqueloba P 107 Haeuslerella hoeglundi P P 49 Hanzawaia berthelothi L 108 Hanzawaia concentrica L 108, pi. 5, fig. 6. Hanzawaia mexicana L 108, pi. 8, fig. 6. Hanzawaia nitidula L 108, pi. 8, fig. 7. Hanzawaia strattoni L 109 Haplophragmoides sp.1 P 41 Hoeglundina elegans L 77 Homotrema rubrum P 103 Hopkinsina pacifica L 88 Islandiella norcrossi australis L 77, pi. 2, fig. 7. Karreriella bradyi P 47 Lagena distoma P 67 Lagena cf. L. filicosta L 68 Lagena flexa P 68 Lagena gracilis P 68 Lagena hispidula P 68 Lagena implicata P 68 Lagena lacunata P 68 Lagena laevis L 69 Lagena lagenoides L 69 Lagena mexicana L 69 Lagena perlucida P 69 Lagena spicata L 69 Lagena striata P P 70 Lagena sulcata L 70 Lamarckiana atlantica L 76 Laryngosigma lactea L 74 Laticarenina pauperata L Lenticulina calcar 98 L L Lenticulina cultratus 70 L L 70 Lenticulina limbosus P Lenticulina peregrina 71 L Lenticulina serpens 71 L 71
L 3 4
Tab£e 3, cont. c T Pg- Lenticulina sp."D" L 71 Lenticulina sp."E" L 71 Lenticulina sp."H" L 71 Liebusella soldanii P 47 Loxostomum bramlettei L 93 Marginulina glaba P 72 Marginulina sp. P 72 Marginulina sp."B" P 72 Marginulinopsis subaculeata glabata L 72 Massilina crenata P 57 Massilina sp. P 57 Melonis barleanus L 106 Miliolinella californica L L 58, pi. 2, fig. 1. Miliolinella fichteliana P 58 Miliolinella labiosa P 58 Miliolinella microstoma L 58, pi. 2, fig. 3. Miliolinella oblonga L L 59, pi. 2 & pi. 6. Miliolinella warreni P 59 Monalysidium politum P 63 Neoconorbina terquemi L P 98, pi. 4, fig. 4. Nodobaculariella atlantica L 51, pi. 1, fig. 5. Nodobaculariella cassis P 51, pi. 1, fig. 6. Nodobaculariella mexicana P 51, pi. 1, figs. 78.8. Nodobaculariella sp. P 51 Nodosaria albatrossi P 65 Nodosaria comatula P 65 Nodosaria perversa P 66 Nodosaria sp. P 66 Nonionella atlantica L 104, pi. 5, fig. 4. Nonionella grateloupi L 105 Nonionella opima L 105 Nonionella Stella L 105 Nonionella turgida P 105 Oolina hexagona P 74 Opthalmidium inconstans P 52 Oridorsalis westi L 107 Osangularia cultur L 107, pi. 5, fig. 5 Osangularia rugosa L 108 Parafissurina lateralis P 76 Pelosina cylindrica P 39 Peneroplis bradyi P 63 Peneroplis pertusus P 63 Peneroplis proteus L 63, pi. 2, figs.4&5 Placopsilina bradyi L 43, pi. 6, fig. 1. Placopsilina cenomana P 43, pi. 1, fig. 2. Planorbulina mediterranensis L P 102, pi. 5, fig. 1. Planulina ariminensis P 99 Planulina foveolata L 100 Planulina mera L 100, pi. 4, fig. 6. Planulina ornata L 100, pi. 8, fig. 3. 3 5
Tab£e. 3, c.ont.
c T Pg- Pullenia bulloides L 105 Pullenia quinqueloba L 106 Pullenia salysburyi L 106 Pyrgo nasuta L 57 Pyrgo subsphaerica L P 57 Pyrgo vespertilo P 57 Pyrgo williamsoni L 58 Quinqueloculina akneriana bellatula P 53 Quinqueloculina berthelotiana P 53 Quinqueloculina bicostata L 53 Quinqueloculina bicornis L 53, pi. 1, fig. 9. Quinqueloculina candeiana L 54 Quinqueloculina catalinensis P 54 Quinqueloculina compta L L 54, pi. 1 i, pi. 6. Quinqueloculina exculpta L 54 Quinqueloculina funafutensis P 54 Quinqueloculina laevigata L P 54 Quinqueloculina lamarckiana L L 55, pi. 1 & pi. 6. Quinqueloculina poeyana L 55 Quinqueloculina polygona L 55 Quinqueloculina sclerotica L 55 Quinqueloculina seminula L 55 Quinqueloculina stelligera P 55 Quinqueloculina tenagos L 56 Quinqueloculina tipwordi L 56 Quinqueloculina tricarinata P 56 Quinqueloculina weisneri L 56, pi. 1, fig. 12. Ramulina globulifera L 74 Rectobolivina abrupta P 82 Rectobolivina advena L 82 Rectobolivina dimorpha P 82 Rectobolivina hancocki L 83 Rectobolivina limbata L 83 Rectobolivina mayori L 83 Rectobolibina pacifica L 83 Rectoeibicides miocenicus P 102 Reophax agglutinatus P P 39 Reophax curtus P 40 Reophax dentaliniformis P 40 Reophax depressus P 40 Reophax excentricus P 40 Reophax guttifer P 40 Reophax nana P 40 Reophax scorpiurus P P 41 Reophax spiculotestus P 41 Reophax subfusiformis P 41 Reussella atlantica 86 Reussella pacifica L 86 Rhabdammina abyssorum P Rosalina bulbosa 38 L P 98 3 6
Table 3, cont. c T Pg- Rosalina columbiensis L 98 Rosalina floridensis L 98 Rosalina subaraucana L 98 Rosalina suezensis L 99, pi. 4, fig. 5. Sacammina atlantica P P 38 Sacammina longicollis P 39 Sagrina pulcbella L 88 Saracenaria ampla L 72 Saracenaria mexicana L 72 Seabrookia earlandi L 74 Sigmavirgulina tortuosa L 91 Sigmoilina sigmoidea P 60 Sigmoilina tenuis L 60 Sigmoilinopsis flintii P 60, pi. 2, fig. 8. Sigmoilinopsis schlumbergeri P 61 Siphonina bradyana L 99 Siphonina pulchra L 99 Siphonoperta horrida P 61 Siphonoperta sabulosa P L 61 Sorites marginalis L 64, pi. 2, fig. 6. Spirillina vivipara L P 65 Spiroloculina arenata P 52 Spiroloculina communis L 52 Spiroloculina dentata P 52 Spiroloculina eximia P 52 Spiroloculina planulata L 52 Spiroloculina sp. P 53 Spiroplectammina floridana P 44 Spiroplectammina sp.1 P 44 Spirosigmoilina antillarum L 61 Spirosigmoilina distorta L 61 Stomatorbina concentrica P 77 Textularia candeina L 48, pi. 1, fig. 3. Textularia conica P 48 Textularia foliacea L 48 Textularia mayori P 48 Textularia mexicana P 48 Textularia occidentalis L 48, pi. 6, fig. 2. Textularia schencki L 49, pi. 6, fig. 3. Textularia sica P 49 Textularia sp. L 49, pi. 6, fig. 4. Tretomphalus atlanticus P 103 Trifarina bella L L 89, pi. 3, fig. 6. Trifarina bradyi L 89 Trifarina occidentalis P 89 Triloculina bicarinata P 59 Triloculina fitterei meningoi L 59 Triloculina linneana comis P 59 Triloculina oblonga P 59 Triloculina quadrilateralis P 60
* 37
Table 3, coni.
c T Pg- Triloculina tricarinata L 60 Triloculina trigonula L p 60, pi. 6, fig. 8. Trochammina advena L 44 Trochammina advena challengeri P 44 Trochammina char lottensis p 45 Trochammina globulosa P 45 Trochammina kellettae p 45 Trochammina ochracea L 45 Trochammina pacifica p 45 Tubinella funalis P 62 Uvigerina bellula L 87, pi. 3, fig. 4. Uvigerina excellens L 87, pi. 7, fig. 2. Uvigerina hispido costata L 87 Uvigerina hootsi L 87 Uvigerina incilis L 88, pi. 7, fig. 3. Uvigerina peregrina L P 88, pi. 3, fig. 5. Uvigerina sp."A" P 88 Valvulina oviedoiana P L 50 Valvulineria laevigata L 94 Valvulineria mexicana L L 94, pi. 7, fig. 10 Webbina decorata P 50 Weisnerella auriculata L 51 3 8
Order FORAMINIFERI DA Eichwald, 1830
Suborder TEXTULARIINA Delage and Herouard, 1896
Superfamily ASTRORHIZACEA Brady, 1881
Family BATHYSI PHON I DAE Avnimelech, 1952
Ba thys i phon Sars
Ba thys i phon f^i_ l^i. f^o^m i_s Sars, 1872, £n: G. 0. Sars, Forth. Videnskabsselsk. Kristiana, 1871, p.251.
Ba thysi_phon sp.
Description: Test elongate, cylindrical, narrow, more or less flexible; wall thin, composed of fine sand material and small foraminifera; aperture circular at the open end of the chamber.
Family RHIZAMMINI DAE Rhumbler, 1895
Rh a bd amm i n a abyssorum Sars
Rhabdammi na abyssorjni Sars, 1869, Jn : Ca r pe n t e r , Proc.R.Soc V. 1 8 ( 1 8 69- 1 8 70 ) , No. 1 14, p. 60.
Family SACCAMMINI DAE Brady, 1884
atlantica (Cushman)
Pr oteon ina atlantica Cushman, 1 94 9 . Cushman Lab. Foram. Res. Spec. Publ. 12, p.5, pi.1, fig.4. Lagenammi na atlantica (Cushman). Lankford, 1 9 5 9 . Amer. Assoc Pet. Geol. Bull., p. 2 0 9 8 , pi. 1 , fig.l. 3 9
Sac ammi n a longicollis (We i s n e r)
Proteoni.na i ££.£££ £ii££ Weisnerr 1929, Deutsche. Sud-Polat-Ex- ped., vol.20, p.82, pi.6, fig. 55. S a c ammi n a longicollis (Weisner) . Uchio, 1960 . Cushman Found. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ. 5, p. 50, pi. 1, figs. 1-2 .
££i££iE£ £Z.i££^.££££ Brady
Pelosina £X£££d££££ Brady, 1 8 84 . Rep. Voy . Challenger, Zool. v.9,p.236,pi.26,figs.1-6. Rh i zammi na £n££vj.s>a GSes (par t) , 1 896. Bull. Mus . Comp. Zool., v . 2 9 , p . 2 0 .
Superfamily AMMODISCACEA Reuss, 1862
Family AMMODISCIDAE Reuss, 1862
Ammodiscus incertus (D'Orbigny)
Oper cul ina ineer ta D'Orbigny, 1839, £n: De la Sagra. Hist. Phys. Pol.Nat.Cuba,"Foraminiferes" ,p.49, pi.6, figs. 16-17. Cornuspira £££££_££ (D'Orbigny) emend. Loeblich & Tappan,1954 Washington Acad. Sci Jour. ,v . 44,no. 10, p. 3 0 6-3 1 0 .
Glomospi r a £££££££££ (Jones and Parker)
Z££££££!H£££. ££££££££ Jones and Parker var. jordialis Jones and Parker, 1860, Butschli in Bronn, Klassen and C. Thier-reichs, 196, v.27. Glomospi r a cf. G^_ 2.£££££.£££ (Jones and Parker), Parker, 1954. Bui1.Mus.Comp. Zoo 1. , v . 11,No. 1 0,p. 4 8 5,pi. 1 , fig. 13.
Superfamily HORMOSINACEA HAECKEL, 1894
Family HORMOSINIDAE Haeckel, 1894
Reophax agglutinatus Cushman
Reophax scor pi ur us Brady (part) (not Montfort),1884. Rep.Voy Challenger, Zoology, v.9, pi.30, fig. 13. Reophax ac[£l u t i. n atus Cushman, 1913. Proc. U. S.Na 11. Mus . , v . 44 No. 1973, p.637, pi. 79, fig. 6. Reophax agglutinatus Cushman. Lankford and Phleger, 1973, J. Foramin. Res., v.3, no.3, p.126, pl.l, fig. 3. 4 0
Re o ph a x ££££££ Cushman
R££ph£x ££££££ Cushman, 1 920 . U. S. Natl. Mus. Bull , pt. 2 , 104 , p. 8, pi.2, figs. 2 , 3. Reophax cur tus Cushman. Walton, 1955, J. Paleont., v 29, no. 6 , p 1013, pi. 99, fig. 12.
Re o ph a x dentaliniformi s Brady
Lituola (Reophax) dentaliniformis Brady, 1881. Quart. Journ. Microsc. Sci. , new ser.21, p.19. Reophax dentaliniformis Brady. Phleger and Parker,1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem. 46, pt.2, p.2, pl.l, fig.6.
Reophax £££££££££ Nat land
Reo ph a x depressus Na t land , 1 93 8 . Bull, Scripps Inst.Oceanogr. Tech. Ser. , v.4, no. 5 , pi. 3 , figs. 1, 2. Reophax dep£essus Nat land. Cushman and McCulloch, 1939. South Calif. Pu b1. , Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, no. 1, p. 62, pi . 3, figs. 17 , 18.
Reophax excen tr ic us Cushman
£££££££ £2S£££££££££ Cushman, 1910. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull., 71, pt.l, p. 92, fig. 134. Reophax excentr icus Cushman. Cushman and McCulloch, 1939. South Calif. Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, no.l, pi. 3, figs. 4-9.
R eopha x 2£££i.£££ Brady
ki££°i£ ( Reopha x) 3£ttifera Brady, 1881. Qu a r t . Jo u r n . M i c r o s c . , Sci., new ser., v.21, p.49.
R£££h£* ££££ Rhumbler
Reophax nan a Rhumbler, 1913. Ergeb. Plankton-Exped. Humboldt Stiftung, v.3, pt.2, p.471, pi. 8, figs.6-12.
» 4 1
Reophax ££££££££££ Montfort
Reophax scorpiurus Montfort, 1808. Conch. Syst.,v.l,p.331,83. Reophax scorpiurus Montfort. Lankford and Phleger, 1973. J. Foramin. Res., v. 3, no.3, p.127, pi. 1, fig. 2.
Reophax spiculotestus Cushman
Reophax spiculotestus Cushman, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v.38, No.1759, p.438.
Reophax subfusifo£mis Earland
Reopha x subfusiformis Earland, 1933. Discovery Rep'ts, v.7, p.74, pi. 2, figs. 16, 19. Reophax ££bf_£££_f£££££ Earland. Cushman and McCulloch, 1939, South Calif. Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v.6, no. 1, p. 62, pi. 3, figs. 14, 16.
Superfamily LITUOLACEA de Blainville, 1827
Family HAPLOPHRAGMOIDI DAE Maync, 1952
Haplophr agmoides sp. 1
Description: Test free, compressed, planispiral, involute; periphery lobulate; chambers distinct, about 5 in the last formed whorl; sutures distinct; wall composed of fine sand material, smoothly finished; aperture a simple arched slit at base of apertural face of the last formed chamber.
Cr ibrostomoides subg lobosum (Sar s )
Li tuola sub£l£bosa Sars, 1872. Forh.Videnskabselsk. Kristiana (1871), p.253. Cr ibrostomoides subglobosum (Sars). Pflum and Frerichs, 1976, Cushman Found. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ. 14,p.107. 4 2
Cr ibrostomoides weisneri (Parr)
Labr_o£pi_r_a “e_isne£i Parr, 1950. B.A.N.Z. Antarct. Res. Exped. 1929-1931,Rep., ser.B (Zool. , Bo t. ) v. 5, pt.6,p. 272, pl. 4 , figs. 25-26. Cr ibrostomoides weisne£i_ (Parr). Pflum and Frerichs, 1976. Cushman Found.Foram.Res. , Spec.Publ.14,p . 107.
Family LITUOLIDAE de Blainville, 1827
Ammobac u1i te s exijuus Cushman and Bronnimann
Ammobac ulites exiguus Cushman and Bronnimann, 1948. Cushman Lab.Foram.Res.Contr.,v.24,p.2,p.38,pl.7,figs.7-8. Ammobaculi tes subcatenulatus Warren, 1957. Cushman Found. Foramin.Res., Contr.,v.8, pt.1, pl.3, figs.11-13.
Ammomarg inulina _f o ^£3 £ e a (Brady)
Haplophragmium £ol._iaceum Brady, 1881. Quart. Journ. Microsc., Sci., new ser.,v.21, p.50. Ammobaculites sp Wantland, 1967. Unpub. Ph.D. Diss. Rice U. , Houston, Texas, p.119, pl.l, fig.11.
Ammosca1 aria pseudospiralis (Williamson) Pl. 1 , fig. 1 .
Pr oteonina pseud osjoi^a 1 e Williamson, 1858. Rec. Foram. Great Britain, p.2, pl.l, figs. 2-3. Ammoscalar ia pseudospiralis (Williamson). Hfiglund, 1947, Zool Bidr. fr. Uppsala, v.26, p.159-162.
Amm o t i_£m plan i s s i mu n (Cushman)
Cushman, 1927. Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., Tech. Ser., p. 135, pl. 1, fig. 6. Ammot ium planissimun (Cushman). Lankford and Phleger,1973. J. Foramin. Res., v. 3, no. 3, p. 114, pl.l, fig. 6. 4 3
Family PLACOPSILINI DAE Rhumbler, 1913
Placopsi1ina bradyi Cushman and McCulloch Pl. 6 , fig. 1.
Placopsilina bradyi Cushman and McCulloch, 1939. South Calif. Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, no. 1, p. 112, pi. 12, figs. 14, 15.
Placops i 1 in a Brady Pl. 1, fig. 2.
Placopsilina £££2.mana Brady (not D'Orbigny), 1884, Rept. Voy. "Challenger" Z o o1. , v.9, p.315, pi. 36, figs. 1-3.
Superfamily LOFTUSIACEA Brady, 1884
Family CYCLAMMINIDAE Marie, 1941
Alveolophragmium columbiensis (Cushman)
H£ columbien s i s Cushman, 1927. Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., Tech. Ser., v. 1, no. 10, p. 135, Pl. 1, fig. 6 . Alveolophragmium coluisbiens££ (Cushman). Lankford and Phleger 1973. J. Foramin. Res., v. 3, no. 3, p. 114, pi. 1, fig. 8.
Alveolophragmium orbiculatum Stschedr ina
Alveolophragmium orbicuJLa turn Stschedrina, 1936. Zool. Anz., v.114, p.315, text-fig. la-b. Alveolophragmium orbicula turn Stschedrina. Murray,1973.Distri bution and Ecology of living benthic for aminiferids London:Heinemann Educational books, pi. 6, figs.1-4. 4 4
Superfamily SPIROPLECTAMMINACEA Cushman, 1927
Family SPIROPLECTAMMINI DAE Cushman, 1927
Spiroplectammina £££££££££ (Cushman)
Textular ia floridana Cushman, 1922. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ.311, v.17, p.24, pl.l, fig. 7. Spiroplectammina floridana (Cushman). Phleger & Parker, 1951. Geol.Soc.Amer.Mem.46, pt.2,p.4, pl.l, figs. 2 5 , 2 6 .
£.Pi££EZ££££££i££ sp.
Spiroplectammina sp 1 Lankford and Phleger, 1973. J. Foramin. Res., v. 3, no. 3, p. 128, pi. 1, fig. 10.
B£iiX£££P££E sp.
B£Ai£i££E®i£ SP Phleger, 1964. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Tul sa, Ok., Mem. 3, p. 382, pi. 2, fig. 13.
Superfamily TROCHAMMINACEA Schwager, 1877
Family TROCHAMM INI DAE Schwager, 1877
Tr ochammi na advena Cushman
Trochammina £l££££ Cushman, 1 9 22 . Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ.311, v.17, p.20, pl.l, figs.2-4.
Z£££h£mmi_na^ £££££££2.££i Hedley, Hurdle and Burdett
Z£££h££££££ ££££££££ Brady (not Jones and Parker), 1884. Rep. Voy . Challenger,Zool. , v.9 (pt.22), p. 3 3 7-3 3 8 , pi. 41, f ig.3a-c. Trochammina S^llenaeri Hedley, Hurdle and Burdett, 1964. New Zealand Jour. Sci., v.7, No.3, p.425.
I 4 5
Trochammnina charlottensis Cushman
Troch amm ina charlottensis Cushman 1925. Contr. Cushman Lab. Foramin. Res.,v.l, pt.2, p. 39, pi. 6, figs. 4 a-b. Tr oc hammi n a charlottensis Cushman. Lankford and Phleger, 1973. J. Foramin. Res., v.3, no. 3, p. 130, pi.3, figs. 3 , 4 .
Trochammina globulosa Cushman
Trochammina globulosa Cushman, 1 92 0 . U.S. Natl.Mus. Bull. 104, pt.2,p.77,pl.l6, figs.3,4.
Z£££L££££££ £££££££££ Thalman
Troc hamm ina peruviana Cushman and Kellet (not W. Berry), 1929 p.4, pi. 1, fig. 8. Tr ochammina kellettae Thalman, 1932. Lankford and Phleger, 1973. J. Foramin. Res., v. 3, no. 3, p. 130, pi. 3, fig. 5.
Trochammina ochracea (Williamson)
Ro£a££a ochracea Williamson, 1858. Rec. Foram. Great Britain, p.55,pi.4, fig.112; pi.5, fig.113. Tr ochammina ££^£££££ (Williamson). Murray, 1973. Distribution and Ecology of living foraminiferids. London: Heinemann Educational Books, p . 37,p1.11, figs . 1-5.
Troc hamm ina pac i f ica Cushman
Tr ochammina Pacifica Cushman, 1925. Contrib. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, pt.2, p. 39, pi. 6, figs. 3 a-c. Trochammina E£££l£££ Cushman. Lankford and Phleger, 1973, J. Foramin. Res., v. 3, no. 3, p. 130, pi.3, fig.2.
Ar enopar r ella mexicana (Kornfeld)
T r oc hamm ina £££££££ mexicana Kornfeld, 1931. Contr. Stanford Univ. Geol. Dept. ,v.1,p . 86,pi. 1 3 , figs . 5a-c . Ar enopar r ella mexicana (Kornfeld). Wantland, 1 9 6 7 . Unpub.Ph.D Diss.,Rice U., Houston, Texas, p.126, pi.2, fig.6. 4 6
Superfamily ATAXOPHRAGMIACEA Schwager, 1877
Family ATAXOPHRAGMI I DAE Schwager, 1877
Ga.ud_ry2.na aegaa Cushman
Gaudryj.na aequa Cushman, 1 94 7 . Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram.Res. v.23,pt.4,p.87,pi.18,figs.18-21.
G££d£y££a ££££££££ Galloway and Wissler
Gaud£yina ££££££££ Galloway and Wissler, 1 9 2 7. J. Paleont., v. 1, no. 1, p. 68, pi. 11, fig. 5. Gaud£y£na ££££££££ Galloway and Wissler. Lankford and Phleger 1973. J. Foramin. Res., v. 3, no. 3, p. 120, pi. 1, fig. 16.
Gaudyina a£l.ant£ca (Bailey)
Z££££i££££ ££i££££££ Bailey, 1851. Smithson. Contr. Knowl., v.2,art.3 , p . 1 2, figs. 3 8- 4 3 . Gaudyina _LZse udoc[aud£y£na atlantica (Bailey). Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem. 46, pt. 2, p. 6, pi.2, figs. 13a,b.
Gaudnna exilis Cushman and Bronnimann
Gaud£y_ina Cushman and Bronnimann, 1948. Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v.24, pt.2, p.40, pi. 7, figs. 15-16
Gaud£y£na P££P££££a Ear land
Gaudryina ££U£e£ata Ear land, 1 9 3 4 . Discovery Rep'ts. v. 10, p. 121, pi. 5, figs. 47-49. 2££d£y£na pauper a ta Earland. Cushman and McCulloch, 1939, South Calif. Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, no. 1, p. 92, pi. 8, fig. 4. 4 7
Family EGGERELLIDAE Cushman, 1937
Eggerella advena Cushman
Verneuillina advena Cushman, 1922.Contr.Canadian Biol. , (1921) , No.9, p.141. Egg er el la advena (Cushman) emend. Loeblich and Tappan. 1953, Smithsonian Inst.Misc. Coll., v.121, No.7, p.36.
Eggerella b ££d y _i (Cushman)
Verneuilina b r a dy i Cushman, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus , Bull. 71, pt.2,p.54, text-figs.87 a-b. Eggerella b r ad y i (Cushman). Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Am er.Mem.46,pt.2.p.6,pi.3,figs.1,2
Eggerella pus i11 a (Gfles)
Verneuilina pus i 11 a G<3es, 1896. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., v. 29 p. 39, pi. 5, figs. 6-8. Egg er ella pus i11 a (GOes). Cushman, 1 93 7 .Cushman Lab. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ., no. 8, p. 51, pi. 5, figs. 16, 17.
Liebusella soldanii (Jones and Parker)
L i tuol a nautiloidea Lamarck var. soldanii Jones and Parker, 1860. Q. J. Geol. Soc. London, v.l6,p.307. Liebusella ££.££££££ (Jones and Parker). Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep . Geo 1.Surv.Bu11. 35,pt.2,p.29,p1. 3 , f i g . 1.
Family TEXTULARIELLIDAE Grftnhagen and Luterbacher, 1966
Karreriella b£ady_i (Cushman)
Gaudryina E£po£des Brady (not D'Orbigny), 1894. Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zool., v.9,p. 3 7 8 ,p1.46, figs.1-4. Karrer iella bradyi (Cushman). Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc.Amer.Mem.46,pt.2, p.6,fig.4.
ft 4 8
Superfamily TEXTULARIACEA Ehrenberg, 1839
Family TEXTULAR11 DAE Ehrenberg, 1839
2£Xtular_£a candei_ana D'Orbigny Pl. 1, fig. 3 .
Textularia Cciride£ana D'Orbigny, 1 8 3 9 . In: De la Sagra. Hist Phys.Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes", p.143, pl.l, figs. 25-27.
Textularia ££££££ D'Orbigny
Z££££i££££ ££££££ D'Orbigny, 1839. In: De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba,"Foraminiferes", p. 143, pl.l, figs.19-20.
Textularia foliacea Heron-Allen and Earland
Z£*££i££££ ££i£££e£ Heron-Allen and Earland, 1915. Trans. Zool Soc. London., v. 20, pt. 2, p. 628, pi. 47, figs. 17 - 20.
Textularia mayori Cushman
Z®£££i£r£a mayori Cushman, 1922. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 311, v.17,p . 2 3, pi. 2, fig. 3
Textularia mexicana Cushman
Z££££i££££ ££££££££ Cushman, 1922. U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt . 3, p.17, pi.2, fig. 9.
Textularia occidentalis Cushman Pl. 6, fig. 2.
Textularia foliacea Heron-Allen and Earland var. occidentalis Cushman, 1922, Bull. U.S. Natn. Mus., no. 104, p t . 3, p. 16, pi . 2 , fig. 1 3 . Textularia occidentalis Cushman. Andersen, 1961. Bull. Geo 1 . Su r v . La . , no. 35, pt. 2 , p. 23, pi . 1 , figs.2 a-b.
C 4 9
Textulari£ ^chencj Textularia schencki. Cushman and Valentine, 1 930 . Stanford Univ. Contr. Dept. Geol., v. 1, no. 1, p. 8, pi. 8, fig. 3. Textular ia sica Lalicker and Bermudez Z££££i££i£ s ic a Lalicker and Bermudez, 1941. Torreia No. 8, p.16, pi.4, figs. 5,6. Textular ia sp. Pl. 6, fig. 4 . Description: Test subtriangu1ar in out1ine,slowly tapering to maximum width and thickness near apertural end; chambers distinct, gradually increasing in height as added; sutures distinct, depressed, angled at approximately 45° to median line; wall finely arenaceous. Bigener ina irregularis Phleger and Par ker Pl. 1 , fig. 4 . ®£3.£££££££ irregularis Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol Soc Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.4, pi. 1, figs.16-21. Haeus ler ella hoegloundi (Uchio) B i_cj.ene r_£n a hoe££]i rid i. Uchio, 1960. Cushman Found. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ. 5, p.56, pi. 2, fig. 13. Ha £££i££££l£ £°£9.i££Zi (Uchio). Lankford and Phleger, 1 97 3 . Jour. Foramin. Res., v.3, n.3, p.122, pl.l, fig. 9. Family VALVULINIDAE Berthelin, 1880 Clavul ina mex^cajia (Cushman) Clavul ina h urn i 1 i s Brady var. mexicana Cushman, 1922. U.S.Natl. Mus.,Bull.104, pt.3, p.83, pi. 16, figs. 1-3. Pseudoclavulina (Cushman). Phleger and Parker, 1951 Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.6, p1.2,figs.14 - 16 f 50 £i£XEi£££ £££££££££££ D'Orbigny Clavulina tricarinata D'Orbigny, 1839.£n: De la Sagra. Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba,"Foraminiferes", p.111, pi. 2, figs. 16-18. Valvulina oviedoiana D'Orbigny Y£l_££.l£££ ££^e££££na D'Orbigny 1 8 3 9 . In: De la Sagra . Hist, Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba "Foraminiferes", p . 10 3, pi.2, figs. 21, 22. Suborden MILIOLINA Delage and Herouard, 1896 Superfamily CORNUSPI RACEA Schultze, 1854 Family CORNUSPIRI DAE Schultze, 1854 £y.£i£9.Y££ Ei£DO£bi_s (Schultze) ££££££££££ RA£££ER££ Sc h u 11 ze , 1 8 5 4 . Or g an i smu s Po 1 y t h a 1 . , p . 4 0 . pi.2, fig.21. £y£l°2Y£a RAa£°E£££ (Schultze). Wantland, 1967. Ph.D. Diss. Rice U., Houston Texas, p.133, pi.3, figs. la-b. Family NUBECULAR11 DAE Jones, 1875 W£bbi_na £?£££££££ (Heron-Allen and Earland) Nubecular ia l£££f.££a Defrance var. deco£ata Heron-Allen and Ea r1 and , 1 9 15. Zool. Soc. London,Trans , v.20, pt . 17, p. 54 9 , pi.40, figs.6, 7. ££i£i£££a !£££££££ Heron-Allen and Earland, 1971. Tulane studies in Geol. and Paleontology, v.8, No.4, p.194 pi. 2, figs. 4, 5. C 5 1 Weisne£ellLa ££££££££££ (Egger) Planispir ina ®u££cul^ata Egger, 1893, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Physik,Kl.,v.18,pt. 2,p. 2 4 5 , pl.3, figs.13-14 Weisne£ell a a u r ic u 1 a ta (Egger). Parker, 1954. Bull.Mus.Comp. Zool., v.lll, no.10, p.501, pl.5, fig. 13. N£^obac u l^a^i-e lj^a atlantica Cushman and Hanzawa Pl. 1 , fig. 5. Ve£_teb£a lAna ££££££££ Brady, Flint, 1897(1899), Ann. Rept . U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 3 0 2 , pl.47, fig.4. Nodobacular iella atlantica Cushman and Hanzawa, 1937. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., v. 13, pt.2, p.42, pl.5, figs. 7, 8. Nodobaculariella cassis (D'orbigny) Pl. 1, fig. 6. Ve££eb£a lina ££££££ D'Orbigny, 1839. IN: De la Sagra, Hist, Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Fo r am i n i f e r e s" v . 8, p. 51, p 1 . 7, figs. 14, 15. N££.£b££Ei££.££AAa cassis (D'orbigny). Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.8, pl.4,figs 12-14 N.£d£b£££.l a£££ii£ ££££££££ (Cushman) Pl. 1, figs. 7 and 8. Y®£i£b£alina species Cushman, 1921. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v . 5 9 , p . 6 4 . A£ti^cul^£na £££££ana Cushman, 1922. Carnegie Inst. Washington p.70, pl.ll, figs. 7, 8. Nodobacular iella mexicana (Cushman). Cushman, 1929. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, pt.6, p.51, pl.12. Nodobaculariella sp. Description: Test free, compressed planispiral, evolute; periphery acute, with a distint, thin, narrow keel; wall ornamented by numerous, fine costae obliquely curved; aperture elongate, narrow, terminal. 5 2 Family OPTHALMIDI I DAE Wiesner, 1920 Opthaljrii d inconstans Brady Hauer ina inconstans Brady, 1879. Quart. Journ. Mier. Sc i v . 1 9 , p . 2 6 8 . Opt halmidiurn inconstans Brady, 1884 Re p , Voy Challenger Zoology, v.9, p.189, pi.12, figs. 5, 7, 8. Superfamily MILIOLACEA Ehrenberg, 1839 Family MILIOLIDAE Ehrenberg, 1839 Spiroloculina arenata Cushman Spiroloculina arenata Cushman, 1921. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v.59, p.63, pi. 14, fig. 17. Spiroloculina communis Cushman and Todd Spiroloculina commun i s Cushman and Todd, 1 9 4 4 . Cushman Found. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ. 11, p. 63, pi.9,figs. 4 - 8 Spiroloculina dentata Cushman and Todd Spiroloculina dentata Cushman and Todd, 1944. Cushman Lab. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ. 11, p . 71,pi.9,figs.33, 34 Spiroloculina c^- £££££££ Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep.Conserv.Geol.Bui1.35, pt.2, p.35, pi.5, fig.8. S pi r olo££ii££ £x im i a Cushman Spi r oloc ulina eximia Cushman, 1 92 2 , Carnegie Inst. Washingto Publ. 311, p. 61, pi. 11, fig. 2. Spi r oloc ulina pi an ula ta (Lamarck) Miliolites planulata Lamarck, 1805. Ann. Mus. Natl.Hist. Nat v•5, p. 352, n• 4. Spi r oloc ulina planulata (Lamarck). Lankford and Phleger,1973 Jour. Foramin. Res., v.3, no.3, p. 128, pi. 2, fig 20 . 53 Spiroioculina SP ' Description: Test elliptical, periphery grooved, apertural end extended, both faces concave; chambers regularly curved; the faces sloping gently towards the centre of the test; sutures distinct, somewhat raised; aperture oval, with a small tooth. Quinqueloculina akne£iana bellatula Bandy Q u in q u e l_o c u £ i n a akneriana O'Orbigny var .bellatuLa Bandy, 1 950. Jour.Pa 1eont. ,v. 24, no. 3, p. 2 73 , pi. 41, fig.l. Quinqueloculina a__k£££££££ D'orbigny var. bellatula Bandy. Lankford and Phleger, 1973, Jour. Foramin. Res., v. 3, no. 3, p. 125. pi. 2, fig. 7. Quinqueloculina ber thelotiana D'Orbigny S£££3££i2££i£££ E£EEE£££EE££E D'orbigny, 1839. 2n : Hist. Nat. des lies Canaries par MM. P. Barker-Webb e t Sabin Berthelot. Bethune, Paris, France, pt.2, p . 1 4 2 . Quinqueloculina bicostata D'Orbigny Quinqueloculina bicostata D'Orbigny, 1839. £n : De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes", p.195, v.8, pi.12, figs. 8-10. Q]J i_in cju e 1 oc u 1 i na ££££££££ (Walker and Jacob) Pl. 1, figs. 9 a-b. Ser pula bicornis Walker and Jacob, 1 7 98 . Adam’s essays on the microscope.Kannmacher1s ed.Dillon and Ke a t i n g , p . 6 3 3 Quin queloc ulina bicornis (Walker and Jacob).Cushman, 1929.U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, pt.6, p.32, pi. 5, figs. 5-7. 2££ESE£i£££i££E £££l£££££ D'orbigny Quinqueloculina cande iana D'orbigny, 1839. Jn: De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Nat. Cuba,"Foraminiferes",p. 199, pi.12. figs. 24-26. 54 2212.32.2i°£2i222 £®2*il222®l2 Natland Quinqueloculina catalinensis Natland, 1938.Bull.Scripps Inst. Oceanogr.,Tech.Serv., v.4, p.142, pi.4, figs. 3a-c. Quinqueloculina catalinensis Natland. Lankford and Phleger, 1973. J. Foramin. Res., v.3, No. 3, p. 126, pi. 2, figs. 2, 3. Qu inqueloc uHna 222E22 Cushman Pl 1, figs. 10 a-b, Pl.6, figs. 5 a-b. Qu iquelocu1ina compta Cushman, 1 94 7.Contr.Cushman Lab.Foramin. Res., v. 23, pt.4, p.87, pi.19, fig. 2. £212322. loc u 1 i n a compta Cushman. Phleger and Parker,1951.Geol Soc. Amer. Mem. 46,pt. 2, p.7,pl. 3, figs. 17 a-b. Lankford and Phleger, 1973. Jour. Foramin. Res. no . 3 126, pl.l, fig. 24 Quinqueloculina exculpta Heron-Allen and Earland Miliolina exculpta Heron-Allen and Earland, 1915. Trans.Zool. Soc. London, v. 20,pt. 17, p.567, pi. 42,figs.23-26 Quinqueloculina funafutiensis (Chapman) Miliolina 22222222222 Chapman, 1900. Jour. Linn. Soc. Zool. v.28, p. 178, pi. 19, fig. 6. Quinqueloculina funafutiensis (Cha pm an) .Cushman, 1 92 2 .Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 67, pi. 13,fig. 3. Quinqueloculina laev igata D'Orbigny Quinqueloculina laevigata D'Orbigny, 1 839 . I_n : Hist. Nat. des lies Canaries par MM. P. Barker-Webb et Sabin Berthelot. Betrune, Paris, France, v.2, pt.2, p.143, pi. 3, figs. 31-33. Qu iqueloculina laevigata D'Orbigny.Lankford and Phleger, 1973 Jour. Foramin. Res., v.3, no. 3, p. 126, pi. 2, f ig. 5, 6. ✓ 5 5 Quinqueloculina lamarckiana D'Orbigny Pl. 1, figs. 11 a-b, Pl. 6, fig. 6. Quinqueloculina lamarckiana D'Orbigny, 1839. De a Sa9ra Hist. Phys. Nat. Cuba,"Foraminiferes",p.189, pi. 11, figs. 14, 15. Quinqueloculina lamarcki_ana D'Orbigny. Phleger and Parker, 19 51. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem. 46, pt. 2, p.7, pi. 4, fig. 1 a-b. Quinqueloculina ££eyana D 'Orbigny Quinqueloculina poeyana D’Orbigny, 1839. J_n:De la Sagra,Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat., Cuba,"Foraminiferes" ,p.191,pi. 11, figs. 25-27. Qu iji cjuel_oc u_l i_n£ goeyana D'Orbigny. Wantland, 1967.Unpub.Ph.D. Diss.,Rice U.,Houston, Texas , p.151,p1. 5,figs. 5a-c. Quinqueloculina j>o l^y g ona D'Orbigny Quinqueloculina polyg ona D'Orbigny, 1 83 9.I_n:De la Sagra,Hist Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes", p. 198, pi. 12, figs. 21-23. Quinqueloculina s e m _i n u l_a ( Li nn e ) Ser pula seminulum Linne, 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. 10 Holmiae, v.l, p.786. Quinqueloculina (Linne). Cushman, 1929. Contr Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v.5, pt.3, p.59, pi. 9. Quinqueloculina sclerotica Karrer Quiqueloculina sclerotica Karrer, 1968. Sitz. Akad. Wiss Wien., v.58, n. 1, p. 152, pi. 3, fig. 5. Quinqueloculina stelligera Schlumberger Quinqueloculina stelligera Schlumberger, 1893. Mem. Soc.Zool France., v.6, p. 210, pi. 2, figs. 58, 59. I 56 Quinqueloculina Andersen Quinqueloculina t i pwor d i Andersen, 1 961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Surv. Bull. 35, pt. 2, p. 31, pi. 5, fig. 2. 2u^n<3£££i££.£ tenagos Par ker Quinqueloculina costata D'Orbigny, 1826 (nom. nud), Ann. Sci. Nat., v. 7, no.3, p. 135, pi. 1, figs. 11-13. Quinqueloculina r hod iens i s Parker, 1953(not Weisner) .Cushman Foudn. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ.2, p. 12, pi. 2, figs. 15-17. Quinqueloculina tenaqos Parker. Lankford and Phleger, 1973. Jour. Foramin. Res., v.3, no. 3, p. 126, pi. 1 fig. 25. Quinqueloculina t £££ a r_ i n a t a D'Orbigny Quinquelocul ina tr icar inata D'Orbigny, 1839. £n: De la Sagra Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes",p. 187, pi. 11, figs. 7-9, 11. Quinquelocul ina weisneri Parr Pl. 1, figs. 12 a-b. Quinqueloculina a ng u i n a Terquim var. weisneri Parr, 1950. B.A.N.Z. Ant. Res. Exped., 1929-193T?-Repts., ser. B., v.5, pt.6, p. 290, pi. 6, figs. 9, 10. Den tostomi na bermudezi Perez Farfante Den tos tomi na bermudezi Perez Farfante, 1 939. Soc. Cubana Hist . Nat., Mem •. r, v . 13 , p. 3 19, Pl. 45, figs. 7-9. 5 7 Massilina crenata (Karrer Spiroloculina crenata Karrer, 1884. Sitz. Akad. Wiss., Wien v. 57, p. 135, pi. 1, fig. 9. Massilina £££££.££ Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bull.71, pt.6, p. 57, pi. 20, fig . 2. Massilina sp. Description: Test free, elongate more than twice as long as broad, compressed; periphery rounded, flattened; chambers distinct; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall calcareous imperforate; aperture rounded, with a tooth. Py££O na s u t a Cushman Pyr go n a s u t u s Cushman , 1935, Smithsonian Inst. Misc. Coll., v . 9 1, No. 2 1, p.7, pi. 3, figs, la-b, 2-4. Py£C[O phle££££ Andersen, 1961. Lousisiana State Dep. Conserv, Geol Su r v Bull. 35, pt.2 38, pi 8 figs. la -c 2a-c Py r g o s u bsphae r__i c a (D'Orbigny) Biloculina subsphaer ica D'Orbigny, 1839. £n : De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes", p. 162, pi. 8, figs. 25-27. Py r g o subsphaer ica (D'Orbigny). Cushman, 1929, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt.6, p. 68, pi. 18, figs. 1, 2. Pyrgo vesper t i1 io (Schlumberger) Biloc ulina vesper tilio Schlumberger, 1891. Soc. Zool. France Mem, tome 4, p. 561, pi. 10, figs. 74-76, text-figs 20-21; p. 562, text-fig. 22. Py rgo vesper tilio (Schlumberger). Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull.35, pt.2, p.40, pi.8 fig.5. 5 8 Py r go williamso n i. (Silvestr i) Biloculina obl^on^a D'Orbigny, 1 83 9 . I. n: De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes", p. 164, v . 8, pi.8, figs. 21-23. Biloculina williamsoni Silvestri, 1923. Alti. Accad. Pontif. Nouvi. Lincei, v. 7 6 (1922-1923), p.73. Py r g o cf . P. oblonga (D'Orbigny) . Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull.35, pt.2, p.39, pi.6, fig. 13. Miliolinella californica RhL>mbler Pl. 2, figs. 1 a-b. Tr iloculina circular is Bornemann, 1855. Geol. Ger. Zeitschr. v.7, pt.2, p.349, pi.19, figs. 4a-c. Miliolinella ££££££££££ Brady, 1 8 8 4 . Rep. Voy. Challeneger, Zool., v.9, p.169, pi.4, fig.3, pi.5, figs.13-14. Miliolinella californica Rhumbler.Lankford and Phleger, 1973. J. Foramin.Res.,v.3,n.3,p.123,pi.2,fig.8. Miliolinella fichteliana (D'Orbigny) Tr iloc uli na fichteliana D'Orbigny, 1839. £n: De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes", p. 171 pi.9, figs. 8-10. Miliolinella 1abiosa (D'Orbigny) Tr iloculina labiosa D'Orbigny, 1839. £n: De la Sagra, Hist Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes", p.178, pi. 10, figs. 12-14. Quinqueloculina d ilata D'Orbigny, 1 8 3 9. In: De la Sagra,Hist Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes", p.192, pi. 11, figs. 28-30. Miliolinella microstoma Warren Pl. 2, fig. 3 . Mi liolinella microstoma Warren, 1 9 5 7 . Cushman Found. Foram Res., Contr. v. 8, pt. 1, p. 35, pi. 4 , figs . 1 0 - 11. r 5 9 Miliolinella 2££££3.£ (Montagu) Pl. 2, figs. 2 a-b, Pl. 6, fig. 7. Vermiculum oblong urn Montagu,1803. Testacea Britanica, or Nat. History of British shells, marine, land i. fresh water, including the most minute. J. S. Hollis, p. 522, pi. 14, fig. 9. Miliolinella ^bl^onc^a (Montagu). Wantland, 1967. Unpub. Ph. D. Diss.,Rice U. ,Ho uston,Texas, p.174,pi.9,figs.4 a-c . Miliolinella warreni Andersen ?Mi1iola oblonja (Montagu), Flint, 1897. (1899), Ann. Rep. U. S. Natl. Mus., pt.l, pi. 43, fig. 3. Miliolinella warreni Anderden, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Surv. Bull. 35,pt. 2, p.37, pi. 7, fig. 4 a -c. Tr iloc ulina b _i c a r_ i_n a_ t a D'Orbigny Tri loc ulina bicar inata D'Orbigny, 1839. £n: De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba,"Foraminiferes",p.158, pi. 10, figs. 18-20. Tr i loc ul ina fitter i £££££3.££ Acosta Tr iloc ulina fitterei meiunjoi Acosta., 1940. Nuevos Forami- niferos de la costa Sur de Cuba. Torreia, Habana, Cuba, No. 3, p. 26. Tri loc ulina £_inne_£ana comis Bandy Triloculina linneiana D'Orbigny var. comis Bandy, 1956, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap.274-G, p. 198, pi.29, figs. 12 a-c. Tr i loculina oblonga D'Orbigny Triloc ulina o b 1 o n£ a D'Orbigny, 1826. Annls. Sci. Nat., v . 7 n . 1 6, p. 3 0 0. oblonga D'Orbigny. Cushman, 1922. U.S. Natl. Mus Bull.104, pt.6, p.57,pi.13, figs.4,5. 6 0 Tr i lo £ 3 i. AH £ quadrilateralis D'Orbigny Tr iloculina quadrilateralis D'orbigny, 1839. l_n: De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes", p. 173. Triloc ulina t r_ i. c a £ i_n a t a D'Orbigny Tr iloculina tricarinata D'orbigny, 1826. Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 1, v. 7, p. 299; Modeles, no. 94. T£_i _1 oc u 1_ i^n a (Lamarck) Pl. 6 , fig. 8. Mi 1iola tr igonula Lamarck, 1804, Ann. Mus Natl. Hist. Nat., v. 5,p. 351, No. 3; 1807, v 9 , pl. 17, fig. 4. Triloculina trigonula (Lamarck). Andersen, 1961, Louisiana State Dep.Conserv.Geol.Bull.35,pt 2,p.36,pl.6,fig.3 Sigmoilina sigmoidea (Brady) Planispirina s i gmoi dea Brady, 1884. Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, v. 9, p. 197, pl. 2, figs. 1-3. Sigmoilina £i3.£2.i££2 Sc h 1 um be r g e r , 1 8 8 7 , Bull. Soc. Zool. France, v.12, p. 118. Sigmoi1ina ( C z j z e k ) Quinqueloculina tenues Czjzek, 1848. Naturwiss. Abh. Wien v.2, p. 149, pl. 13, figs. 31-34. Sigmoilina tenuis (Czjzek). Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol Soc. Amer. Mem. 46, pt. 2, p.8, pl.4, fig.7. Sigmollopsis f1i n t i i (Cushman) Pl. 2, fig. 8. Spiroloc ulina a£ena^ia Flint (not Brady), 1897 (1899). Ann. Rep. U.S. Nat.Mus., pt. 1, p. 297, pl. 43, fig. 1. Sigmoilina flintii Cushman, 1946. Contr Cushman Lab. Foram. Res.• ,! v. 22, pt. 2, p. 44, pl 6, figs. 35-39. £ 61 S i gmoilops i s sc h 1 um ber g er i (Silvestri) Sigmoilina schlumberger i Silvestri, 1904. Mem. Pont. Accad. Nouvi. Lincei., v.22, p. 267. Si gmoilops i s schlumberger i (Silvestri). Barker, 1960. Soc. Econ. Paleo. and Mineral., Spec. Publ. No. 9, pi. 8, figs. 1-4. Siphonoper ta hornda Cushman Quinqueloculina hor r i da Cushman, 1947. Contr. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., v.23, pt. 4, p. 88, pi. 19, fig. 1. Siphonoper ta sabulosa Cushman Quinqueloculina sabulosa Cushman, 1947. Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram.Res.,v.23,pt. 4,p. 87,pi. 18, fig. 22. Quinqueloculina sabulosa Cushman. Lankford and Phleger, 1973. Jour. Foramin. Res., v.3, no. 3, p. 126, pi.2, fig. 4 . Sp i r o s i gmoi1i n a anti 11 a r urn D'Orbigny Spiroloc ulina a n £ i_ 1.1 a r urn D'orbigny, 1839. In: De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes" , p. 166, pi.9, fig. 3,4 S i gmoi 1 i n a antiliarum D'orbigny. Cushman and Todd, 1944. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec. Publ.11, p.44, pi.6, figs. 28-32. Sp i r os igmo i1ina distor ta (Phleger and Parker) Sigmoilina d i stor ta Phleger and Parker,1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem 46, pt.2, p.8, pi.4, figs. 3, 5. Spirosigmoilina d istor ta (Phleger and Parker). Pflum and Fre richs, 1976. Cushman Found. Foramin. Res.,Spec.Publ 14, p. 107. Z 6 2 Tub_i ne.Ma _funa 1 i_s (Brady) Articulina Brady, 1884. Rept. Voy . "Cha llenger ", Zool . , v.9, p.185, pi. 13, figs. 6-11. TubiLnelLl.a f.unaM.s (Brady). Cushman, 1929. U.S. Natl. Mus.Bull. 104, pt.6, p. 54, pi. 12, fig. 8. Ar_t ££.£li.na Brady Articulina lineata Brady, 1 884 . Rep. Voy. "Challenger", Zool. v.9, p. 183, pi. 12, figs. 19-21. Articulina mayo r i Cushman Articulina mayori Cushman, 1922. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ.311, p. 71, pi. 13, fig. 5. Articulina sagra D'Orbigny Articulina sagra D'Orbigny, 1 8 3 9 . I_n : De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes", v.8, p. 183, pi.9, figs. 23-26. Articulina ££l_£at_a Reuss Articulina sulcata Reuss, 1850. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien., v.l, p.383, pi. 49, figs. 13-17. £ 6 3 Superfamily SORITACEA Ehrenberg, 1839 Family PENEROPLIDAE Schultze, 1854 ?£££££ b£ Peneroplis bradyi Cushman, 1930. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, p t.7, p. 4 0. ?££££££bradyi Cushman. Wantland, 1967. Unpub.Ph.D. Diss., U., Houston, Texas, pi.10, figs. 6 a-b. (For s k a 1) Nautilus pe r tu s u s Forskal, 1775. Descr. Amin., p.125, No. 65. Peneroplis pe r t u s u s (Forskal) . Cushman, 1930. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull.104, pt.7, pi. 12, figs. 3-6. P££££££_l££ u£ D'Orbigny Pl. 2, figs. 4 a-b and 5. Pe n e r o pi i s proteous D'Orbigny, 1839. I^n : De la Sagra Hist, Phys. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes", p . 6 0, pi.7 p. 3 7, pi.13, figs. 1-17. Puteolus proteous (D'Orbigny).Hofker, 1949. Jour. Roy. Micro. Soc. London, ser. 3, v. 70, pt.4, No.352, p. 3 9 4 . Monal syd iuro poli turn Chapman Peneroplis (Monalsyd ium) poli ta Chapman, 1900. Linn. Soc. London, Journ. Zool., v.28, p.179, p.4, pl.l, fig.5 Monalsyd ium politum (Chapman). Heron-Allen, and Ear1 and,19 1 3. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, v. 20, p. 603. 64 Family SORITIDAE Ehrenberg, 1839 A££hais angulatus Fitchell and Moll Archais angulatus Fitchell and Moll, 1798. Testacea microsco pica aliaque minuta of generibus Argonauta et Nauti lus, p. 112, pi.22, figs. a-e. Archais angulatus (Fitchell and Mo 11).Cushman,1930. U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 104,pt.7,pi.16,figs. 1-3, pi.17,figs. 3-5. Sorites marg£nali.s (Lamarck) Pl. 2, fig. 6. Orbulites marginalis Lamarck, 1816. Hi s t. Na t . An im . San s . v er t . , v. 2, p. 196, No. 1. Sorites marg£nali_£ (Lamarck). Cushman, 1930. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt.7, p. 49, pi. 18, figs. 1-4. ^£P£££££££ hemprichi Ehrenberg Ma r g i no por a vertebraHs Quoy and Ga i n a r d , 1 8 3 0 . £n : Blainville, Diet. Sci. Nat., v.60, p. 377. ^££^.i£££££ h££P£££*2£ Ehrenberg, 1 83 8 . Abhandli K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 134, pi. 3, fig. 3. Ma r g ino por a ver tebralis Quoy and Gainard. Cole, 1 957. U.S.Geol Survey, Prof. Paper.260-C, p.383, pi.210,figs.10-13, pi.211, figs. 3-29. 6 5 Suborder SPIRILLINA Hohenegger and Piller, 1975 Family SPIRILLINI DAE Reuss and Fritsch, 1861 Spir i 11 ina v £ v £ pa r a Ehrenberg Spir illina vivipara Ehrenberg, 1843. Abhandl. K. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, p.422, pi. 3, sec. 7, fig. 41. Spir illina vivipara Ehrenberg. Lankford and Phleger, 1973. Jour. Foramin. Res.,v.3, no.3, p. 128, pi.6, fig.2. Suborder LAGENINA Delage and Herouard, 1896 Superfamily NODOSARIACEA Ehrenberg, 1838 Family NODOSARIIDAE Ehrenberg, 1838 Nodosar ia albatrossi Cushman Nodosar ia vertebralis (Batsch) var. albatrossi Cushman, 1923. U.S.Na11.Mus.Bu11.104, pt.4, p.87, pi. 15, fig.l. Nodosar ia albatrossi Cushman. Barker, 1960. Soc. Econ. Paleo. and Mineral.Spec. Publ.9, p.134, pi.64, figs.11-13. Nodosa££a ££l£n££ca Cushman Nodosar ia y££a.n.££ca Cushman, 1923. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, pt.4, p.68, pi. 12, figs. 11,12. Nodosar i a cf. N. atlantica Cushman. Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. bull.35, pt.2, p.70, pi.17 fig. 10. Nodosar ia coma tula Cushman Nodo1ar ia comatula Cushman, 1923. U. S. Natl. Mus. BU11. 104, pt.4, p. 83, pi. 14, fig.5. Pseudoglandulina comatula (Cushman). Phleger and Parker,1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.10,pi. 5, figs.7-9. Rectoglandulina comatula (Cushman). Barker, 1960. Soc. Econ. Paleo.and Minera 1. ,Spec. Publ.No. 9, p.134, pi. 64, figs . 1-5. 6 6 Nodosaria perversa Schwager Nodosaria c f . N 2. p e r v e r s a Schwager . Cushman and McCulloch, 1950. South Calif. Publ ,Al1 an Hancock Pacific Exped., v.6, no. 6, p. 318 pi . 4 1 figs. 26-32. Nodosa r ia sp. Description: Test of medium size; chambers arranged in rectilinear series, increasing in size as added;su- tures broad, of clear shell material, depressed only near the apertural end; wall ornamented by numerous longitudinal costae, continuous from one to a nother;aperture extended, radiate. ^£E£i£££V££ £££££E££ Andersen Amph icor yna ££££££2 i Andersen , 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull. 3 5,pt.2 , p. 68, pi. 16, figs. 4,5 Am p h _i £O£y n a h ££££££ (D'Orbigny) Nodosar ia hitsuta D'Orbigny, 1 8 2 6 . Ann.Sci.Nat . , v . 7,p. 2 52 ,No . 7 Nodosar ia h^spida D'Orbigny, 1846. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne p.35, pi. 1, figs. 24, 25. Amph icoryna hir suta Parr, 1 92 9. B.A.N.Z. Ant.Res.Exped. , ser B,v•1, no•2i p.328. Dentalina calomor pha (Re u s s) Nodosar ia (Nodosar ia) calomorpha Reuss, 1865. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien.,v.25, p.129, pl.l, figs. 15-19. £®.E£®.£iE£ f £2. £Ei££££EE£ (Reuss) . Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull.35, pt. 2, p. 66, pi 17, fig. 6. 6 7 DentaHna ££££££££ (D'Orbigny) No£££££££ (Dentalina) ££££££££ D'orbigny, 1826. Ann. Sci.Nat. v.7, p. 254, no.25. Enantiodentalina communi s (D'Orbigny). Marie, 1941. Mem. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., n.ser.v.12, p. 160. Dentalina costal (Schwager) Nodosar ia costal Schwager, 1866. Novara-Exped. , Geol Theil, v.2, p. 229, pi. 6, fig. 62. Den£a£i_na costa i Cushman, 1933. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 161,pt. 2, p. 11, pi. 3, fig. 6. Dentalina f£li_£o£m£s (D'orbigny) Nodosar ia j.Nodosaire£ £iAA££££££ D'Orbigny, 1829. Ann. Sc i . , Nat., ser.l, v.7, p. 253. Dentalina filiformis (D'Orbigny). Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geo 1.Bu11.35, pt.2, p.66, pi.17 fig. 4. Frondicular ia saj^ttula Vanden Broeck F£0nd £cu£a^££a a £a£a D'Orbigny var. sajittula Vanden Broeck, 1876. Ann. Soc. Beige Microsc. v. 2, p. 113, pi. 2, figs. 12, 14. Frondicularia sagittuta Vanden Broeck.Andersen, 1961.Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. geol. Bull.35, pt. 2, p. 73, pi 16, figs. 18-21. F££££.£££i££££ SP* Description: This species is similar to Frondicularia compressa Costa of Andersen (1961, pi. 1 6 , _ fTg s7_ 22, 23) but only juvenile specimens were found. ££££££ d£££om£ Parker and Jones £ a 9 en a £££££££ Parker and Jones, 1864. In: Brady, Trans Linn. Soc. London, v.24, pt.3, p.467, pi.48, fig.6 6 8 Lagena gracilis Williamson Lagena gracilis Williamson, 1848. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, v. 1, p. 13. La g ena grac illima(Seguenza)var. mollis Cushman, 1944. Cushman Lab.Foram.Res. , Spec.Publ. ,No . 1 2 , p.21, pi.3, fig.3 Amphor ina (Cushman). Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep.Conserv.Geol.Bu11. 35, pt.2, p. 80, pi. 16, fig. 17 Lag ena h£sp£du.la Cushman La g ena hispidula Cushman, 19 13. U.S. Nat. Mus . ,Bu11. 71, pt.3, pi.14, figs.l a-b, 3. ££££££ i.H)E-1-i£a££ Cushman and McCulloch Lagena imp1ic a t a Cushman and McCulloch, 1950. South Calif. Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v.6, n.6, p. 340, pi.45, figs. 5-7. Lalena cf. L_^ £££££££££ Reuss Lagena cf. L^_ £iAi£££££ Reuss. Cushman and McCulloch, 1950 South Calif. Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Exped. v.6, no. 6, p. 338, pi. 45, figs. 2-4. Lagena Hexa Cushman and Gray Lagena flexa Cushman and Gray, 1946. Contrib. Cushman Lab Foram. Res.,v. 22, p. 68, pi. 12, figs. 18-21. ££££££ lac una ta Burrows and Holland Lagena lacunata Burrows and Holland, 1916. Trans. Linn. Soc London, ser.2, v.ll, p. 2 54 , pi. 51, figs. 2 8 , 2 9 . 6 9 Lyyena (Montagu) Ve£mKulum _laev£ Montagu, 1803. Testacea Britannica Romsey, Engl. J.S. Hollis, p. 524. La g ena cf.L^ 1a e v i s (Montagu).Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep.Conserv.Geo 1.Bu11.35, pt.2, p.76, pl.16, fig.13. Lage££ lagenoides (Williamson) Entosolenia mar g inata Walker and Boys var. ££££££££££ William son, 1858. Rec. Foram. Great Britain, p.11, pl.l, figs. 25, 26. Lagena lagenoides Reuss, 1863. Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien., v.46, pt.l, p. 3 2 4 , pl.2, figs. 2 7 , 2 8 . Lalena l^aj^eno j. de s (Williamson) Cushman, 1923. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull.104, pt.4, p.30, pl.5, figs. 6-8. Lacjena Andersen Lagena mex icana Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Surv. Bull. 35, pt.2, p.76, pl.16, fig. 11. Lalena P££l£££ja (Montagu) var. (Montagu) var. Cushman and McCulloch, 1950. South Calif Publ., Allan HAncock Pacific Exped., v.6, no. 6, p. 343. pl. 46, figs. 3, 4. Lagena sp ic a ta Cushman and McCulloch Lagena sulcata apiculate forms Bardy, 1 884 . Rep.Voy.Cha 11enger Rept . Zool.,v.9, pl.58, figs. 4, 17(7). Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob) var. apic ulata Cushman(not- Reuss), 1913, U. S . Nat. Mus. Bull . 71 , Pt . 3 , p. 23, pl • 9 , figs. 3, 4 • Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob) var. spicata Cushman and McCulloch, 1950. Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v . 6, no . 6 , p. 3 60 , pl. 48, figs. 3-7. 7 0 Lygeny £££££.££ (D'Orbigny) Oo1i na striata D'Orbigny, 1839. Foram.Amer.Merid.,p.21,pi.5, fig. 12. Ly^ena striata (D'Orbigny). Andersen, 1951. Louisiana State Dep.Conserv.Geol.Bull.35, pt .2, p.78, pi.16, fig.15 La g ena cf. Lr st£i_ata (D'orbigny). Cushman and McCulloch, 1950. SOuth Calif. Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v.6, no. 6, p. 350, pi. 47, figs. 1-4. Lajena sulcata (Waalker and Jacob) Laqena sulcata (Walker and Jacob) var. £aev£cost£ta Cushman and Gray,1946. Contr.Cushman Lab. Foram. Res.,v.22, pt.2, p.68, pi.12, figs. 13, 14. La g ena cf. L. laevicostata Cushman and Gray. Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull. 35, pt. 2, pi. 16, fig. 7. Family VAGINULINIDAE Reuss, 1860 £££.£££££££.a £ai£a£ (Linnaeus) " Naut ilus minimu £ n umbilicatus" Gualtieri, 1742. Index. Test. Conch., pi. 19, fig. c. Nautili us ££.£.£££ Linnaeus, 1767. Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 1162, no. 272. Robulus ca£ca£ (Linnaeus).Andersen,1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv.Geol.Bu11.35,pt.2, p.48, pi.11, figs. 1, 2. Lent.£cu££na cul.££a£us Montfort Robulus cultratus Montfort, 1808."Conchyliologie systematique et classification methodique des coquilles", Paris France, F. Schoell, v.l, p. 215, fig. 214. Lenticulina cultrata Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull.35, pt.2, p. 49, pi. 13, fig. 2 7 1 Lenticulina 1 £m b o s u s (Reuss) Robuljna Reuss, 1863 (1864). Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien., v.48, pt.1, p. 55, pi.6, fig. 69. Robulus limbosus (Reuss). Cushman and McCulloch, 1950. South. Calif. Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v.6, n. 6, p. 297, pi. 38, fig. 8. Lent£cu_lina pe££^££na (Schwager) Cr istellar ia peregrina Schwager, 1 86 6 . Novara Exped., Geol. Theil., v.2, p.245, pi.7, fig. 89. Lenticulina peregrina (Schwager). Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.9, pi.4, figs.20. Lenticulina £££££££ (Seguenza) Ro buli na s e r pe n s Seguenza, 1 880 . Mem. R. Accad. Lincei., ser. 3, v.6, p.143, pi.12, fig.125. Robulus cf. Rj_ serpens (Seguenza). Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull.35. pt.2, p.52, pi.10 f i g . 1 0 . Lenticulina sp. "D" Andersen Robulus sp."D" Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull.35, pt.2, p.55, pi. 12, fig. 1. Lenticulina sp. "E" Andersen Robulus sp. "E" Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull.35, pt.2, p. 56, pi.13, figs. 1 a-b. Lenticulina sp. "H" Andersen 5.°b.£l^£ sp. H Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull.35, pt.2, p.58, pi.10, figs. 9 a-b. 7 2 Margin ulina £ 1. a b£ D'Orbigny Marg inulina jlaba D'Orbigny, 1826. Ann.Sci.Nat., v.7, p. 259. Ma r_2_£n u_l_i n_a cf. M^_ g^l^aba d'Orbigny. Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv.Geol.Bu11.35, pt.2, p.62, pi.15, fig. 6. M a r g i_n u £_i n a sp. " B " Andersen Ma r g in ul in a sp. "B" A n d er s e n , 1 9 6 1. Lo u i s i a n a State Dep.Conserv. Geol. Bull.35, pt.2, p.65, pi.15, fig.5. Marg inulina sp. Andersen Marg inulina sp Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull. 35, pt.2, p.65, pi.15, figs.12 a-b, 13. Marg inulinopsis s u b a c u 1 e a t. a ££a b£_t a (Cushman) Cr istellar ia subaculea ta Cushman var. 2.^£ba£a Cushman, 1923. U.S. Natl.Mus., Bull.104, pt.4, p.124, pi. 32, fig.4; Pl. 33, fig.3, (not fig.2);pl.34, fig. 3. Marg inulina stibac ulea££ (Cushman) var. 2.i£££££ (Cushman) . Phleger and Parker, 1951.Geo1.Soc.Amer.Mem.46, pt.2, p. 9, pi. 5, fig.4. ? Mar9 inulina marginulinoides (Gfles) . Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol.Soc.Amer.Mem.46, pt.2,p.9, pi.4, fig,18(not 17) Saracenar ia ampla Cushman and Todd Saracenar ia ar c uata (D'Orbigny) var. ampla Cushman and Todd, 1945. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec.Publ.15, p. 31, pi.5, figs. 5-6. Sar acenaria mexicana Andersen ^a.£a£®.£fL£i.£ rcexicana Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conser. Geol. Surv. Bull.35, pt.2, p.60, pi.14, fig 1 a-c . 7 3 Family POLYMORPHINIDAE D'Orbigny, 1839 Global ina egua1i s (D'Orbigny) Polymorph ina e qua 1i s D'Orbigny, 1826. Ann. Sci. Nat., v.7, p. ~ 265, No. 13. HHHY.IB.£LE*1HI1H g ibba D'Orbigny var. HH3HH.L1H Brady, Parker and Jones, 1870. Trans. Linn. Soc. london, v.27, p.216, pi.39, figs. 2 c-d. Globulina 9 ibba D'Orbigny Polymorphina (Globuline) g i bb a D'Orbigny, 1826. Ann.Sci.Nat., ser.l, v.7, p.266; modeles, no. 63. Raphamulina " g i b b a " (D'Orbigny). Pflum and Frerichs, 1976. Cushman Found. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ.14, p. 98. Guttul ina t r a lj. s (D'Orbigny) Globulina australis D'Orbigny, 1839. Voyage dans l'Amerique Meridiona 1e,"Foraminiferes", Paris, Pitois-Levrau11 et Ce, v.5, pt.5, p.60, pl.l, figs. 1-4. Guttulina australis (D'Orbigny). Bandy, 1954. U.S.Geol.Survey Prof.Paper 2 54 -F, pi. 29, fig. 7. Guttulina EHLS.ilH.LHH. D'Orbigny Guttulina pulchella D'Orbigny, 1839. Jn; De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes " , p. 129, pi.2, figs. 4-6. Guttulina spicae f or mi s (RS emer) Polymorphina spicaeformis Rfiemer, 1838. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Geogn. Geol. Petref.-Kd.,p. 386, pi.3, figs. 31 a-b Guttulina spicaeformis (ROemer). Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep.Conserv. Geol. Bull.35, pt.2, p.81, pi.17 fig. 16. 7 4 Ramulina globulifera Brady RamuHna globulifera Brady, 1879. Quart. Journ. Micro. Sci., v.19, p.58, pi.8, figs. 32-33. Ramulina globulifera Brady. Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep.Conserv.Geol.Bu11.35, pt . 2 , p.82, pi. 17, fig.14. Family GLANDULIN I DAE Reuss, 1860 Glandulina l£££isa_ta (D'Orbigny) Nodosar ia £G1_ and u l_i_n a£ laevigata D'Orbigny, 1826. Ann. Sci. Nat., ser.l, v.7, p.252, pi.10, figs. 1-3. lactea (Walker and Jacob) Ser pula 1ac t ea Walker and Jacob, 1798. Adam's Essays, ed. 2, p.634, pi. 24, fig. 4. Y£££i££i££ i£££££ Montagu, 1803. Test Brit., p.522. Polymorphina lactea Magillivray, 1843. Moll. Aberd., p. 320. ££££.££££.££ £££!.££££ w r 1 9 h t Seabrookia ear land i Wright, 1891. Proc. R. Ir. Acad. ser. 3, v.l (1889-91) no.4, p.477, pi.20, figs.6, 7 a-b. Polina ££££££££ (Williamson) Entosolenia squamosa (Montagu) var.hexagona Williamson, 1848, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.2, v.l, p.20, pi.2, fig.23 £££££££££ apiculata Reuss Fissurina apiculata Reuss, 1863. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.- Naturuv. Cl., Sitzber., Wien, Osterreich, 1863. BD. 46, Abth.l (1862), p. 339. l£S£££ apiculata (Reuss). Cushman,1923. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, pt.4, p.7, pi. 1, fig. 5. 7 5 Fis£2E£E£ laevigata Heron-Allen and Earland Fissurina laevigata Reuss, 1849. Denksschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, v.l, p.366, pi.46, fig.l, La g ena £aeyi.sat.a Tecrigi,1880. Atti. Acad. Pont. Nouri Lincei v.33, p. 177, pi. 1, fig. 6. Fissurina jlobosa Bornemann, 1855. Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges., v.7, p. 317, pi. 12, fig.4. La g en a ^arjinata Haeusler, 1887. Neues Jahrb. Fttr. Min, pt.l, p.186, pi.4, figs.51, 52. Fissurina lucida (Williamson) Entosolenia mar g inata (Montagu) var. lucida Williamson, 1848 p. 17, pi. 2, fig. 17. Fissur ina lucida (Williamson) Lankford and Ph 1 eg er 1 97 3, Jour, Foramin. Res. v . 3 , no 3 , p. 119, pi. 3 fig. 7 Fissur ina marg inata (Montagu) X££5li££i2!£ 2£E2.£E£Montagu, 1803. Testacea Britannica, p. 524.Figured by Walker and Boys,1784.Testacea minuta r ar ior a, pl.l, fig.7. ££££££ £££2.i££££ (Montagu). Cushman, 1923.U.S.Natl.Mus.Bull. 104. pt.4, p. 35, pi. 6, fig. 9. Fissurina marg inata (Walker and Boys) var. Lag ena m£.£2.i££££ Walker and Boys var. Cushman,1923, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull.104, pt.4, p.37, pi. 8, fig.l. Fissur ina sp "A" Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep.Conserv. Geol. Bull.35, pt. 2, p. 97, pi.20, figs. 21a, b. Fissur ina margina ta pet for ata (S e g u e z a ) ££££££ marginata £er_forata Seguenza, 1 880 . Atti. Acad. Lincei ser.3, v.6, p. 3 32 , pi. 17, fig. 34. 7 6 Fissurina orbignyana (Seguenza) Fissurina (Fissurina) orbignyana Seguenza, 1862. Dei Terre ni Terziarii del distretto di Mesina Part I I .Descrizine dei Foraminiferi monotalamici delle marne mioceniche del distretto Messina, Messina, Italia, T. Capri., p.66, pl.2, figs. 25-26. Entosolenia marginata Williamson (part) (not Walker and Boys) 1858.Rec.Foram.Great Britain, p.9, pl.l, figs.19,20. ZiLLa fJ^sjs u£_ina (Cushman) Lagena lateralis Cushman, 1913. U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull.71, pt.3 p.9, pl.l, fig. 1 a-d. Parafissur ina lateralis (Cushman). Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep.Conserv. Geol. Bull.35, pt.2, p.99, pl.19, f i g . 3 . Suborder ROBERTININA Loeblich and Tappan, 1984 Superfamily ROBERTINACEA Reuss, 1850 Family CERATOBULIMINI DAE Thalman, 1952 atlantica Cushman Lamarckina atlantica Cushman, 1931. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull.104, pt.8, p.35, pl.7, figs. 7a-c. Family ROBERTINIDAE Reuss, 1850 Cushmanella bro w n i. (D'orbigny) Nonionina brown i D'Orbigny, 1 83 9 . In: De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol .Nat.Cuba,"Foraminiferes", p.45, pl.7, figs.22,23 Cushmanella browni (D'orbigny). Wantland,1967. PhD. Diss.Rice Univ., p. 2 53 , pl. 16, figs. 15a,b. 7 7 Family EPISTOMINI DAE Wedekind, 1937 Hfleglundina elegans (D'Orbigny) Ro t a 1i a (Turbinulina) elegans D'Orbigny, 1826. Ann. Sci. Nat, v.7, p.276, no.54 (not Rotalia elegans Ibid.,p.272, no. 6, nomen nudum). Ep i s tom i na elegans (D’orbigny). Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep.Conserv.Geol.Bull.35,p.112,pi.28, figs.4a-c Family M ISSISSIPPINI DAE Saidova, 1981 Stomatorbina concentr ica (Parker and Jones) Pulvinulina concentr ica Parker and Jones, Brady, 1884. Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zool.,v.9, p. 686,pi.105, figs.1 a-c. Mississippina concentr ica (Parker and Jones). Uchio, 1952. Trans. Proc. Paleo. Soc. Japan. N.S., no.7, p.197, pi. 18, fig. la-c, 3, 5. Suborder ROTALIINA Delage and Herouard, 1896 Superfamily EOUVIGERINACEA Cushman, 1927 Family ISLANDI ELL I DAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1964 Islandiella norcrossi australis Phleger and Parker Pl. 2, figs. 7 a-b. Cass idulina norcrossi australis Phleger and Parker, 1951.Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.27, pi.14, figs. 8-10. Cassidulinoides Mexicana (Cushman) Cassidulina mexicana Cushman, 1 922 . U.S. Natl. Mus. Bui 1.104, pt.3,p. 131, pi.24, fig.5. Cassidulinoides wa1 ton i Uchio Cassidulinoides sp Walton, 1955. Jour.Paleont., v.29, p.1005, pi. 104, fig. 1. Cassidulinoides walton i Uchio, 1 960 . Cushman Foudn. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ. 5, p. 69, pi. 9, figs. 24-27. 7 8 Superfamily BULIMINACEA Jones, 1875 Family BOLI VINITI DAE Cushman, 1927 Bolivinita rhomboidalis (Millett) T£2S££i£.£££. rhomboidalis Millett, 1899. p.559, pi. 7, fig. 4. Bolivinita r homboi da 1i s (Millett). Lynts, 1965 Contr.Cushman Found. For am. Res., v.16, no.2,p.69, pi. 7, f igs.5,6. Bo1i v i n a a lata (Seguenza) Valvulina aj^at_a Seguenza, 1 862 . Al 1. Accad . Gi oenc ia , Sc. Nat., ser.2, v.18, p.115, pi.2, figs. 5, 5a. Bo 1 i v i n a albat£O S£_i Cushman Bolivina albatrossi Cushman, 1922. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, pt.3, p.31, pi.6, fig. 4. Bo 1 i v i n a b££b.a_ta Phleger and Parker Bolivina £££££££ Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.13, pi.6, figs. 12a-b, 13. ®£ii£i££. ftagilis Phleger and Parker Boliv ina fr ag ilis Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.13, pi.6, figs. 14, 23, 24a-b. Bo 1i v i na lowmani (Phleger and Parker) Pl. 2, fig. 11. Boliv ina lowman i Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.13, pi. 6, figs. 20a-b, 21. Bo 1i v i na minima Phleger and Parker Pl. 2, fig. 9 . Bolivina minima Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46,pt.2,p.l4 ,pi.6,f i g s . 2 2a-b, 25,pi. 7, figs. 1-2 7 9 Bo 1i v i na ord inar ia (Phleger and Parker) Pl. 2 , fig. 10. Bolivina simplex Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.14, pi.7, figs. 4-6. Boliv ina ordinaria Phleger and Parker, 1952. Contr. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., v.3, pt.l, p.14. Bol^yyyna pacifica Cushman and McCulloch Bo 1 i v i n a ac e r o sa CUshman var. Ea£A£i££ Cushman and McCulloch, 1942. South CAlif Publ., Allan Ha ncoc k Pacific Exped., v. 6 , no. 4 p. 185, pi. 21 , figs. 2 , 3 . B£i_zalina P££i£i££ (Cushman and McCulloch) . Lna kf or d and Phleger, 1973. Jour Foramin. REs., v . 3, no . 3 , p. 115, pi. 4, fig. 7. Bolivina plicat_a D'Orbigny Pl. 6 , fig. 9. Bo 1 i v i na pi ica ta D'Orbigny, 1839. Voy. Am. Merit). "Foiaminife- res", v. 5, p. 62, pi. 8, figs. 4-7. Bol~iyi.na piica ta D'Orbigny. Cushman and McCulloch, 1942. South Calif. Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v.6, n. 4, p. 203, pi. 24, figs. 13-15. Boliv ina pseudoplicata Heron-Allen and Earland Boliv ina pseudoplicata Heron-Allen and Earland, 1 93 0 . J. Roy. Mier. Soc., v. 50, p. 81, pi. 3, figs. 36-40. Bo 1i v ina pygmaea Br ady Bolivina £y.3.niaea Brady, 1881. Quart. Journ. Mier. Sci., v.21, p . 2 7. Bolivina £Ygniaea Brady. Cushman and McCulloch, • 1942. South Calif. Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, n. 4, p. 204, pi. 25, figs. 8-12. 8 0 Bolivina seminuda Cushman ®2.iiXAna seminuda Cushman, 1911. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 34, pi. 55. Bolivina sem i n ud a Cushman. Cushman and McCulloch, 1942. South Calif. Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, n. 4, p.210, pi. 25, fig. 14. Bolivina seminuda h urn i1i s Cushman and McCulloch Bolivina seminuda Cushman var. humilis Cushman and McCulloch 1942. South Calif. Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Ex ped., v.6, n. 4, p. 211, pi. 26, figs. 1-6. Bolivina striatula Cushman Bolivina s t£ i^at. ij l^a Cushman, 1922. Carnegie Inst. Publ. 311, p. 27, pi.3, fig. 10. Bolivina spp. Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem. 46, pt.2, p.15, pi.7, fig. 20. Brizalina striatula (Cushman). Wantland, 1967. Unpub. Ph. D. Diss., Rice U., Houston,Texas , p.176, pi. 11, fig.6, Bolivina £triatula £Ei2.£Aa Cushman Bolivina striatula Cushman var. sginata Cushman, 1 93 6. Cushman Lab.Foram.Res.,Spec.Publ.6,p.59, pi.8,figs.9a-b. Bolivina subaenar iensi s ®exjcana Cushman Pl. 3, fig. 1, Pl. 6, fig. 11. Bolivina subaenar iensis Cushman var. mexicana Cushman, 1922 U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull.104, pt . 3, p?47, pi.8, fig.l 8 1 Boliv ina subspinescens Cushman Bolivina subspinescens Cushman, 1922. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, pt.3, pl.7, fig.5. Loxostomum subspinescens (Cushman). Bandy, 1956. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 274-G, p.195, pl.31, fig.12. Co r ypho s toma subspinescens (Cushman).Pflum and Frerichs,1976. Unpub. Ph.D. Diss., Rice U., Houston, Texas, p. 107 Loxostomum g el b i An d e r s e n , 1 9 6 1. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Surv. Bull.35, pt.2, p.94, pl.19, figs. 7a-b. Bolivina tongi filacostata Cushman and McCulloch Bolivina tongi Cushman var. f ilacosta ta Cushman and McCulloch 1942. South Calif. Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Ex ped., v. 6, n. 4, p. 214, pl. 27, fig. 7-11. Bolivina tongi Cushman var. filacostata Cushman and McCulloch Uchio, 1960. Cushman Foudn.Foramin.Res., Spec.Publ. 5, p• 31, pl. 6, fig. 24. Bolivina translucens Phleger and Parker BoJLi^vi^na translucens Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol . Soc . Amer . Mem.46, pt.2, p.15, pl.7, figs. 13,14a-b. Bolivina var iabilis (Williamson) Textularia variabilis Williamson, 1858. Rec.Foram. G.Britain p. 76, pl.6, figs . 1 62 , 1 63 . Bolivina var iabilis Charter, 1892. First Rep. Southport Soc Nat. Sci., p.59. Bo 1 i v ina vaug han i Na t land Bolivina vaughani Natland, 1938. Bull.Scripps Inst. Oceanogr Tech. Ser., v. 4, n. 5, p. 146, pl. 5, fig. 11. Brizalina vaughani (Natland). Lankford and Phleger,1973.Jour Foramin. Res., v. 3, n• 3, p. 116, pl. 4, fig. 9. 8 2 Brizalina acuminata (Nat land) Pl. 7 , fig. 1 . Bolivina subadvena Cushman var. acuminata Natland, 1938 (not Chapman) Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., Tech. Ser., 4, n. 5, p. 145, pi. 5, figs. 8, 9. Br izalina ac urn inata Cushman and Gray, 1946, p. 34, pi. 5, fig. 46. ®£i££i£££ £££££££ (Bandy) Pl. 6, fig. 10. Br_izalina advena Cushman var. acjj^iul^a Bandy, 1 953 .Jour.Pa 1eo. v.27, n. 2, p. 180, pi.24, fig. 7. Brizalina acutu1 a (Bandy). Lankford and Phleger, 1973. Jour. Foramin. Res., v. 3, n. 3, p. 115, pi. 4, fig. 4. Rec toboliv ina abr upta (Phleger and Parker) Loxos tomum tr_uncatum Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc . Amer . Mem.46, pt.2, p.17, pi. 7, figs.15-16. Loxostomum abruptumPhleger and Parker, 1952. Contrib. Cushman Found. Res., v.3, pt.l, p.14, (nom. subst. pro. L._ truncatum Phleger and Parker, 1951]. Cor yphostoma £btuptum (Phleger and Parker). Pflum & Frerichs, 1976.Cushman Found.Foramin.Res.,Spec.Pub1.14, p.107 R££££b£iiYA££ ££££££ (Cushman) Siphogener ina advena Cushman, 1922. Carnegie Inst.Washington, Pub.311, p.35, pi.5, fig.2. Bifarina decor ata Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem.46, pt.2, p.12, figs.9a-b, 10. Rec toboliv ina d imor ph a (Parker and Jones) Uvigerina (Sagr ina) d imor pha Parker and Jones, 1865. Roy.Soc London, Philos. Trans . ,v.155, p. 3 64 . Rectoboliv ina d imor pha (Parker and Jones).Parker, 1954. Bull Mus . Comp.Zool.v.111, no. 10, p.514, pi. 7, fig. 37. 8 3 Rectobo 1ivina hancocki (Cushman and McCulloch) Bifarina hancocki Cushman and McCulloch, 1942. South Calif, Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v . 6 , n. 4 , p . 225, pi. 28, figs. 13-19. Rectoboliv ina hancocki (Cushman and McCulloch) Lankford and Phleger, 1973. Jour. Foramin. Res., V. 3 , n. 3 , p. 126, pi. 4 , fig. 1. Rectobo1ivina limbata (Brady) Bol_.ivi.na £_in\b£t.a Brady, 1881. Quart. Jour., Mier. Sci.,London V . 2 1, p . 5 7 . Loxos tomum 1imba t urn (Brady). Wantland, 1967. Un pub. Ph.D.Diss Rice, Houston Texas, p.242, pi.16, fig.3. Rec£obo£i_v £n a mayor_i (Cushman) Boli v ina mayori Cushman, 1922. Carnegie Instit. Washington, Pub.311, v.7, p.27, pi.3, figs. 5,6. Lo(Cushman). Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol.Soc.Amer.Mera.46, pt.2, p.17, pi.8, fig.5. Cor yphos toma mayori (Cushman). Pflum & Frerichs, 1976.Cushman Found. Foramin. Res., Spec.Publ.14, p.107. Rectobolivina pacifica (Cushman and McCulloch) Bolivina Eacifica Cushman and McCulloch, 1942. South Calif Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, n. 4, p. 225, pi. 28, fig. 20. Family BULIMINIDAE Jones, 1875 Buiimina aculeata D'Orbigny Bulimina aculeata D'Orbigny, 1826. Ann. Sci. Nat.,v.7, p.269 8 4 Bulimina a f f i_n i s D'Orbigny Bulimina a f f i n i s D'Orbigny, 1839. _In: De la Sagra, Hist.Phys. Pol.Nat.Cuba,"Foraminiferes",p.105,pi.2,figs.25,26. Bulimina a f f i n i s D'orbigny. Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep.Conserv.Geol.Bull.35,pt.2,p.88,pi. 19, figs.la-c. Buiimina alazanensis Cushman Pl. 3, fig. 2. BuL_im_in.£ ££££££>.££1 s^s Cushman, 1927. Jour. Paleont.,v.l,p.l61, pi.25, fig.4. Bulimina inf lata mexicana Cushman Bulimina s t r i a t a D'Orbigny var. mexicana Cushman, 1922. U.S. Natl. Mus. bull.104, pt.3, p.95, pi.21, fig.2. Bulimina i n f1ata mexicana Cushman. Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geo1.Soc.Amer.Mem.46, pt.2, p.16, pi. 7, figs.16,32. Bulimina marginata D'Orbigny Buiimina marg inata D'orbigny, 1826. Ann. Sci. Nat.v.7,p. 269, no.4, pi.12, figs.10-12. Bulimina marginata D'orbigny. Lankford and Phleger,1973.Jour. Foramin. Res., v. 3, n. 3, p. 116, pi. 4, fig. 11. Bulimina spicata Phleger and Parker Bulimina spicata Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geo1 . Soc . Amer.Mem 46, pt.2, p.16, pi.17, figs.25a-c, 30, 31. Bulimina tenuis Phleger and Parker Bulimina tenuis Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geo 1.Soc.Amer . Mem 46, pt.2, p.16, pi.7, figs.33a-b, 34a-b. 8 5 Bulimina sp. Description: Test ovate, tapering; chambers numerous, inflated; sutures distinct, depressed; wall thin and transparent; aperture a comma-shaped slit in a slight depression of the inner face of the chamber. Globobu 1^i^mina hoegl und i Uch io Bjjl_i_mi_na £HbaUi_ni_s Walton (Not Cushman) , 1 955. Jour . Pa 1 eont . v. 29, p. 1004, pi. 102, fig. 14. Globobulimina hoeglund i Uchio, 1 960 . Cushman Found. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ. 5, p. 64, pi. 6, figs. 7, 8. Family BULIM1NILLIDAE Hofker, 1951 Buliminella bassendorfensis Cushman and Parker Pl. 3, figs. 3 a-b. Buliminella bassendor fens i s Cushman and Parker, 1937. Contr. Cushman Lab.Foram.Res.,v.13, pt.1, p.40, pi.4,figs. 1 3a-b . Buliminella mor g an i Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull.35, pt.2, p.87, pi.19, fig.10. Buliminella £££_ta Cushman Buliminella curta Cushman, 1 92 5, Contr ib. Cushman Lab Foramin. Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 33, pi. 5, fig. 13. Buliminella elegantissima (D'Orbigny) Bulimina elegantissima D'Orbigny, 1839. Voy.Amer.Me rid., v.S pt . 5,’’Foraminiferes" , p.51, pi.7, figs.13,14. Buliminella elegantissima (D'Orbigny). Lankford and Phleger 1973, Jour. Foramin. Res., v. 3, n. 3, p. 116, pi 4 , fig. 12. 8 6 Buliminella tenuata Cushman Buliminella subf usi formis Cushman var. t e n u a t a Cushman, 1927. Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., Tech. Ser., v.l, p. 149, pi. 2, fig. 9. Buiiminella t en ua ta Cushman. Cushman and Parker, 1947. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 210-d, p. 55-176. B u l__i m^i n e l^L a * i 1o n £a^n a Brady Bulimina williamsoniana Brady, 1884,. Quart.Journ.Mier. Soc., v . 2 1, p . 5 6 . BjJ l.£m ijieljL^a w jL l^i a m£O ri£a n a Cushman, 1911. U.S. Natl.Mus.Bull. 71, pt.2, p.90, fig.144. Family REUSSELL I DAE Cushman, 1933 Reussella atlantica Cushman Reussella spinu losa (Reuss) vat . a tian ti_ca Cushman,1947. Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v.23,pt.4,p.91,figs.6,7. Reussella miocenica Cushman, 1945. Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v.21, pt.2, p.38, pi.6, figs.19-20. Reussella pac i f ica Cushman and McCulloch Reussella pac i f ica Cushman and McCulloch, 1 94 8 . South Calif. Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 6, n. 5, p. 251, fig. 6. Chrysalidinella spectabilis Cushman and McCulloch Chrysalidinella spectabilis Cushman and McCulloch, 1949.South Calif. Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Exped.,• r v.6, n. 5, p. 256, pi. 32, figs. 1-7. r 8 7 Family UVIGERINIDAE Haeckel, 1894 Uv iger ina be 11u1 a Bandy Pl. 3 , fig. 4 . Uvigerina auber iana Giles, 1882 (not D'Orbigny) Kongl. Svensk. Vet.Akad.Handl.,v.19, no.4, p.60, pi.4, figs.71-74. Uvigerina auber iana D'Orbigny var. 2La£_v_i£ Giles. Phleger and Parker, 1951.Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt. 2, p. 18, figs. 12-14. Uvigerina 1 ae v i s Giles (not Ehrenberg). Parker, 1954.Bull.Mus. Comp. Zoology, v.lll, no. 10, p. 520, pi.8, fig. 4. Uv££e£££a bel.l^ula Bandy, 1 956 . U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 274-G, p.199, pi.31, fig.13. excellens Todd Pl. 7, fig. 2 . Uvigerina sp. Cushman and Gray, 1946. Cushman Lab. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ. 19, p. 37, pi. 6, fig. 15. Uvigerina excellens Todd. Cushman and McCulloch, 1848. South Calif. Publ., Allan Hancoch Pacifica Exped., v. 6, n. 5, p. 258, pi. 33, fig. 2. Uvigerina hispidocostata Cushman and Todd Uvigerina hispido-costata Cushman and Todd, 1945.Cushman Lab. Foram. Res.,Spec. Publ. 15, p.51, pi. 7, figs.27-31. Uvigerina pe r eg r i na d i r upt a Todd. Pflum and Frerichs, 1976. Cushman Found.Foram.Res.,Spec.Publ. 14,pi. 8, figs.4, 5 Uvigerina hoot s i Rankin Uv iger ina hoots£ Rankin, 1 934 . Jin: Cushman and Kleinpell, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foramin. Res., v.10, p. 22, pi. 3 , figs. 8, 9. Uvigerina hoots£ Rankin. Cushman and McCulloch, 1942. South Calif. Publ., Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v.6, n. 5, p. 259, pi. 33, fig. 3. 8 8 Uvigerina _inc£££s T°dd Pl . 7 , fig. 3. Uvigerina incilis Todd, 1948. In: Cushman and McCulloch,South Calif. Publ., Allan Hancoch Pacific Exped., v. 6, n. 5, p. 260, pl. 33, fig. 4. Uvigerina per eg r i n a Cushman Pl. 3, fig. 5 . Uv iger ina peregrina Cushman, 1923. U.S. Natl. Mus.,Bull. 104, pt.4, p.166, pl.42, figs.7-10. Uvigerina peregrina peregrina Cushman.Pflum and Frerichs,1976. Cushman Found.Foramin.Res,Spec.Publ.14,pl. 8,figs.2, 3 Uv ig er i n a peregrina nied£jte££an£a Hofker. Pflum and Frerichs, 1976. Cushman Found. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ. 14, pl . 8, f i g.1. Uviger ina pa r v u1 a Cushman. Parker,1 9 5 4 . Mus.Comp.Zoo1.Harvard , Bull.,v.lll, no.10, p.521, pl.8, fig.6. Uvigerina sp,"A" Cushman and McCulloch Uvigerina sp. "A" Cushman and McCulloch, 1948. South Calif. Publ., Allan Hancock Pacicfic Exped., v . 6, n. 5, p. 271, pl. 34, fig. 8. Hopkinsina pacifica Cushman Hopkinsina pac i f ica Cushman, 1933. Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res.,v.9, pt.4, p.86, pl.8, fig.16. Sagr ina Pu ichella D'Orbigny Sa<3r ina pulchella D'Orbigny, 1 83 9 . £n : De la Sagra, Hist.Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes", p.150, v.8, pl.l, figs.23-24. 8 9 Trifarina bella (Phleger and Parker) Pl. 3, fig. 6. Anguloger ina bella Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Arne r . Mem.46, pt.2, p.12, pi.6, figs. 7, 8. T£i_f a£_i_na b££dy_i Cushman T£ i £a£ i ££ b££d y i Cushman, 1923. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104 , pt.4, p.99, pi.22, figs. 3-4, 5-8, 9. Trifarina occidentalis (Cushman) U v_i cj e £ i_n a ang u losa Cushman, 1922 (not Williamson), Publ. 311, Carnegie Inst. Wash., p. 34, pi. 51, figs. 3, 4. HZ.£2®£££® occ identalis Cushman, 1923. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 4, p. 169, pi.5, figs. 3, 4. Ang ulog er ina occidentalis Cushman, 1930. Bull. Fla. St. Geol. Surv., n. 4, p. 50, pi. 9, figs. 8, 9. Trifarina occidentalis (Cushman). Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull. 35, pt . 2, p. 91, pi. 20, fig. 12. Ang uloger ina car inata Cushman Uv iger ina an^ulosa Brady (not Williamson), 1 884 . Rep. Voy. Challenger Zool., v.9, pi. 74, fig. 18. Angulog er ina ca£j_nata Cushman, 1 92 7 . Bull. Scripps Inst.Ocea- gr., Tech. Ser., v. 1, n. 10, p. 159, pi.4, fig. 3. ^£2£i£3.®££££ hug hes i (Galloway and Wissler) Uv iger ina hughesi Galloway and Wissler, 1 92 7 . Jour. Paleont., v.l, p. 76, pi. 12, fig. 5. Anguloger ina Cushman.Cushman and McCulloch,1848. South Calif. Publ., Allan HAncock Pacific Exped.,• r v. 6, n. 5, p. 289, pi. 36, fig. 2. 9 0 Superfamily FURSENKOINACEA Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 Family FURSENKOINI DAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 Fursenkoina loeblichi (Feyling-Hansen) Virgulina schreibersiana Czjzek var. c ampa n u1 a t a Egger, 1893. Abhandl. Ron. Bay, Akad. Wiss.,Munchen, cl.II, v.18, p. 2 92 , pi.8, figs.91, 92. Virgulina comp Ia na t a Egger. Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Me m. 4 6 , pt.2, p.19, pi.9 f i g s . 1 - 3 . h£a comp lana ta (Egger) . Pflum and Frerich 1 97 6 . Cushman Found.Foramin.Res.,Spec. Publ.14, p.108. Fursenkoina mexi^cana Cushman Virgulina mexicana Cushman, 1922. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, pt.3, p.120, pi.23, fig.8. Fursenkoina ponton i (Cushman) Pl . 3, fig. 7. Virgulina £orrton_i Cushman. 1932. Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res.,v.8, pt.l, no. 118, p.17, pi. 3, fig. 7. Fursenkoina pon ton i (Cushman). Lankford and Phleger, 1973. J. Foramin. Res., v. 3, n. 3, p. 119, pi. 4, fig. 17. Fu rsenkoina sand i e goe n sis Uchio Fursenkoina sandiegoensis Uchio, 1960. Cushman Found. Foram Res., Spec. Publ. 5, p. 63, pi. 6, figs. 17, 18. Fursenkoina spinicostata (Phleger and Parker) Virgulina spinicostata Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.19, pi.9, figs.11-14. r 9 1 Fursenkoina tessellata Phleger and Parker Virgulina tor tuosa Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc.Amer., Mem.46,pt.2,p.19,pi.9,figs.15-16. tortuosa (Brady) Bolivina tortuosa Brady, 1884. Rept. Voy . "Challenger", Zool. v.9, p.420, pi.52, figs. 31-32 Si_^roav££guHna £o£t_iaos£ (Brady). Barker, 1960. Soc. Econ.Pal. and Min. Spec. Publ.9, p.108, pi.52, figs.31-32. Superfamily CASSIDULINACEA D'Orbigny, 1839 Family CASS IDULINI DAE D'Orbigny, 1839 £££££2£i£!l£ £££££i££££££ Cushman Pl. 7, fig. 4 . ssjL di£l ijna braziliensis Cushman, 1922. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, pi. 25, figs. 4, 5. Cassidulina braziliensis Cushman. Uchio. 1960. Cushman Found. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ. 5, p. 54, pi. 9, figs. 13, 14. Cassidulina £O£by£ Cushman and Hughes Cassidulina £££2X£ Cushman and Hughes, 1925. Contrib. Cushman Lab. Foramin. Res., v. 1, n. 1, p. 14, pi. 2, figs. 3 a -b. Cassidulina corbyi Cushman and Hughes. Cushman, 1927. Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., Tech. Ser., v. 1, n. 10, p. 166, pi.6, fig. 3. £££££2.£i£££ ££££££ D'Orbigny Cassidulina crassa D'Orbigny, 1839. Voy. dans Amerique Meri- dionale, "Foraminiferes": Paris, Pitois-Levrau 1 t et Ce , v.5, pt.5, p.56, pi. 7, figs. 18-20. Globocassidul ina crjsssa ( D ' Or b i gn y) . P f 1 urn and Frerichs, 1 976 . Cushman Found. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ. 14, p.107. 9 2 Cassidulina curvata Phleger and Parker Cassidulina curvata Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc.Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.26, pi.14, figs. 5a-b. Cassidulina delicata Cushman Pl. 7, fig. 6. Cassidulina delicata Cushman, 1927. Bull. Scripps Inst.Oceno- gr., Tech. Ser., v. 1, p. 168, pi. 6, fig. 5. Cassidulina laevigata D'orbigny Cassidulina laevigata D'Orbigny, 1826. Ann. Sci. Nat., ser.l, v.7, p. 2 82 , pi. 15, figs.4-5, 5 bis. neocar inata Thalman Cass i d u1i n a laevigata D'orbigny var. car inata Cushman, 1922. (not C. laevigata carinata Silvestri). U. S. Natl Mus. Bull.104, pt.3, p. 124, pi.25, figs. 6, 7. Cassidulina neoca£_ina^a Thalman, 1950. Contr. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., v.l, pt.3, p.44. £a i_d£,l_i n a o is a Brady Pl. 3, figs. 8 a-b. Cassidulina subglobosa Brady, 1 884 . Quart. Jour.Microsc.Sci. , new ser., v.21, p.60. Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady). Pflum and Frerichs, 1976 Cushman Found.Foramin.Res.,Spec. Publ.14, p.107. Ca^yyd^jl.i_na £°££yo£a Cushman and Hughes Cass idulina tor t uosa Cushman and Hughes, 1925. Contrib Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, n. 5, p. 14, pi. 2 fig. 4. Cassidulina tort uosa Cushman and Hughes.Lankford and Phleger 1973. Jour. Foramin. Res., v. 3, n. 3, p. 116, pi 4, fig, 5. 9 3 Cassidulina sp. Description: Test compressed, slightly elongate in side view, early portion close-coiled, later portion loosely coiled; chambers somewhat inflated, distinct; wall thin and translucent, very finely perforate, smooth; aperture elongate, comma-shaped. Eh_r_en^be£2iH£ tr i gon a Gfles Ehrenbergina s e r r a t a Reuss var. trigona Gttes, 1896. Bull.Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., v.29, p.49. Family LOXOSTOMATI DAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1962 Loxostomum bramlettei (Kleinpell) Bol^v^ina b£amlettei Kleinpell, 1938. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., p. 267, pi. 21, figs. 9-11. Superfamily DISCORBACEA Ehrenberg, 1838 Family BAGGINIDAE Cushman, 1927 Can£r£S £££i££2i£ (Fitehe 1 and Moll) Pl . 7, figs. 5 a-b. Naut ilus auricula Fitchel and Moll var. « Fitchtel and Moll, 1 79 8 ,Testacea Microsc. minuta ,Wien, Osterreich,Came sina, p.108, pi.20, figs. a-c. Pulvinulina auricula Parker and Jones, 1865. Philos Trans., v . 5 5 , p . 3 9 3 . Cane r i s auricula Cushman, 1931. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bull. 104, pt.8, p.72, pi.15, figs. la-c. Cane r i s panamens i s Natland Pl. 7, figs. 8 a-b. £.££££££ ££££££££££ Natland, 1938. Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceano gr., Tech. Ser., v. 4, n. 5, p. 148, pi. 6, fig. 1 Cancris ££££££££££ Natland. Phlegr, 1964. Am.Ass.Petrol.Geol Tulsa, Ok., mem. 3, p. 382, pi. 3, figs. 24, 25. 9 4 Ca nc r is sagra (D'orbigny) Rota 1ina sagra D'Orbigny, 1 83 9. I^n: De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. Cuba, "Foraminiferes" p.77, pl.5, figs. 13-15. Valvuliner ia laevigata Phleger and Parker Valvuliner ia vilardeboana D'Orbigny var. jl£.££ Cushman, 1927, Scripps Inst.Oceanogr.,Tech. Ser., v.l, p.161, pl.4, figs. 5,6. Va lvul iner ia .1 aevj.c[a_ta Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol.Soc. Mem.46, pt.2, p.25, pl.13, figs. 11 , 12. Rotamor ph i na laev igata (Phleger and Parker). Parker, 1954. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., v.lll, no. 10, p.537, pl.11, figs. 10, 11. Rotamor ph i na glaba (Cushman). Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv.Geol.Bui 1.35, pt.2, p.114, pl.23, fig.2. ££££.£ Parker Pl. 7, figs. 10 a-b. Rosa 1i n a ayaycana D'Orbigny, 1859. Voy. dans Amerique, Me r i - dionale, "Foraminiferes", Paris, Pitois-Levrau1t at Ce,v.5,pt.5,p.44,pl.6, figs.16-18. Valvuliner ia cf. V^_ ar aucana (D'Orbigny). Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geo1.Soc.Amer.Mem.46, pt.2, p.25, pl. 13,figs. 7a-b, 8a-b. Valvuliner ia mexicana Parker, 1 954 . Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., v.lll, no.10, p.527, pl.9, figs.4-6. Family EPONIDIDAE Hofker, 1951 Eponiaes antiliar um (D'Orbigny) Rota lina antillarum D'Orbigny, 1 83 9 . I_n : De la Sagra, Hist. Phys.Pol.Nat.Cuba,"Foraminiferes" ,p . 7 5,pl.5,figs.4-6 Neoeponides antillarum (D'Orbigny). Reiss, 1960. Geol. Surv. of Israel, Paleo. Div.Bull.29, p.17. 9 5 Epon i des regular is Phleger and Parker EjoonhJes regular is Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.45, pt.2, p.21, pi. 11, fig. 3-4. Neoeponides regularis (Phleger and Parker). Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull. 35, p. 103, pi.23, figs.3a-c. Eponides regandus (Fitchel and Moll) Nautilus r epandus Fitchel & Moll, 1798. Testacea microscopica min.Wien.Os t er r er ich,Camesina,p.35,pi.3,figs.a-d. Epon i des r epa nd u s (Fitchel and Moll). Phleger and Parker,1951. Geol.Soc.Amer.Mem.46,pt.2,p.21,pi.11,figs.5,6. E£on£des .tumidulus (Brady) Pl. 3, figs. 9 a- b. Tr uncatulina t urn i d u1 a Brady, 1 8 84 . Rep.Sci.Res.Voy.Cha 11enger 1873-76, Zool., v.9, p.666, pi.95, figs.8a-d. Epon ides cf. E^ (Brady). Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol., Bull.35, pt.2, p.103, pi. 24, figs.5a-c. Epon ides turgidus Phleger and Parker Pl. 3, figs. 10 a-c. Eponides turg idus Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.22, pi.11, fig.9. Eponides urn bonatus (Reuss) Rota 1ina umbonata Reuss, 1851. Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges., v.3, p.75, pi.5, figs. 35a-c. Or idor sal is umbonatus (Reuss). Phleger and Parker,1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.22, pi.11, figs 10,13. 9 6 Family DISCORBIDAE Ehrenberg, 1838 Discorbis £Osea (D'orbigny) Pl. 4 , figs. 1 a-b. Rotalia £££££ D'orbigny, 1826. Ann. Sci. Nat.,v. 7,p.272.no. 7. Tr uncatulina rosea Brady, 1884. Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zool., v.9, p.667, pi.96, fig. 1. Rotorbinella rosea Bandy, 1944. Jour. Paleont.,v.18, p.372. Discorbina rosea Hornibrook and Vella, 1954. The Micropal., v.8, no.l, p. 26. Buccella ha n n a i (Phleger and Parker) £R££i£££ ££££££ Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc.Amei .Mem. 46, pt.2, p.21, pi. 10, figs.1 la-b, 12a-b, 13a-b, 14 a-b. Buccella hannai_ (Phleger and Parker). Andersen, 1952, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.,v.42, no.5, p.144, figs. 3a-c. Buccella tener r ima (Bandy) Rotalia £££££££££ Bandy, 1950. p. 278, pi. 42, fig. 3. ®.££££i££ £££££££££ (Bandy). Lankford and Phleger, 1973. Jour. Foramin. Res., v. 3, n. 3, p. 116, pi. 4, fig. 19. Epistom_ineVI a^ b£,adyana (Cushman) Pl. 7, figs. 9 a-b. Pulvinulinella bradyana Cushman, 1927. Bull Scripps Inst, Oceanogr., Tech. Ser., v. 1, n. 1, p. 16 5, pi. 5, figs . 11-13. Epistominella bradyana (Cushman). Bandy, 1961. Micropaleonto- logy, v. 7, n. 1, p. 15, pi. 3, fig. 16. Epistominella £££<£££ (Brady) Pl. 4, fig. 2 . Pulvinulina exigua Brady, 1884. Rept. Voy. Challenger, Zool. v.9, p.696, pi.103, figs. 13, 14. Pseudoparrella exigua (Brady). Phleger and Parker, 1951.Geol. Soc.Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.28, pi.15, figs.6a-b,7a-b 9 7 j±Pis t_om iji e .1 l^a v££r_ea Parker Epistominella vijt£ea Parker, 1953. £ n : Phleger, Parker and Peirson, Cushman Found.Foram.Res.,Spec.Publ.2, p.9, pi.4, figs.34-36, 40-41. Epi s to i n e 11 a sm i_t h i_ (Stewart and Stewart) Pl. 7, figs. 11 a-b. Pulvinulinella £m i th i Stewart and Stewart, 1930. Jour. Paleont. v. 4, n. 1, p. 70, pi. 9, fig. 4. Epistominella smi_th^ (Stewart and Stewart).Walton, 1955. Jour. Paleont. ,v. 29, n. 6,p. 1 00 8, pi. 103, figs. 2 2 , 2 3 . Gavelinopsis c ampa n u1 a t a (Galloway and Wissler) Globorotalia campanulata Galloway and Wissler, 1927. Jour. Paleont., v. 1, n. 1, p. 58, pi. 9, fig. 14. Gavelinopsis c ampan ula ta (Galloway and Wissler). Lankford and Phleger, 1973. Jour. Foramin. Res., v. 3, n. 3, p. 120, pi. 5, fig. 13. Gavel inops i s (Heron-Allen and Earland) Pl. 4, fig . 3 . Di scor bina pr aeger i Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913.Royal Irish Acad., Proc., v.31, pt.64, p.122. Gavelinopsis £u£binata (Cushman and Valentine) Rota 1ia turbinata Cushman and Valentine, 1930. Stanford Univ. Contr. Dept. Geol., v. 1, n. 1, p. 25, pi. 7, figs. 1, 3. Gavelinopsis tur binata (Cushman and Valentine). Lankford and Phleger, 1973. Jour. Foramin. Res., v. 3, n. 3, p. 121, pi. 5, figs, 14, 15. 9 8 L£££££E££A££ pauper ata (Parker and Jones) Pulvinulina repanda var. £.£££££££ EauE£££££ Parker and Jones 1865. Philos.Trans.R.Soc.,v.155, p.395, pi.16, figs 50,51. La ticar en ina pauperata (Phleger and Jones ) . Phleger and Parker 1951. Geol.Soc.Amer.Mem.46, pt.2, p . 32,p1. 18 , fig . 3 . Neoconorbina £££3£££i (Rzehak) Pl. 4 , figs. 4 a-b. Rosa 1 i n a ££b££EA£.£££ Terquem, 1876. Soc. Dunkerquose, Mem., 1 87 7 ,v.20, p.166, pi. 9, fig.4a,b. Discorbina £££3££™£ Rzehak, 1888. New name, Austria. Geol. Reichsabst, Vehr., p.228. Neoconorbina £££3££m£ (Rzehak).Barker,1960. Soc. Econ. Paleo. and Minera 1. ,Spec. Publ.9,p.182, pi. 88, figs.4-8. Rosa 1i na bulbosa (Parker) "Discorbis" bulbosa Parker, 1954. Bull. Mus.Comp.Zoo1.Harvard Coll.,v.Ill,no.10, p.523, pi. 8, figs.10-12. R££aA£££ b£A£££3 (Parker). Wantland, 1967. Unpub. Ph.D. Diss. Rice U.,Houston Texas, p.208,pl.l3, figs.3a-c. P£££_l£Ea C°1Mbiensis (Cushman) Discorbis £o£unrb£ens£s Cushman, 1925. p. 43, pi. 6, fig. 13. P£££A£££ c o£iim b i_e n s££ (Cushman). Lankford and Phleger, 1973. Jour. Foramin. Res., v. 3, n. 3, p. 127, pi. 5, fig. 10-12. R°££i£££ AA£££3£££££ Cushman Discorbis ber the lot i (D'Orbigny)var. flor idensis Cushman,1930 Jour. Pa 1. ,v.4,no.4, p. 3 64 , pi. 33. fig. 13. Neoconorbina floridensis (Cushman). Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv . Geol.Bu11. 35, pt.2, p.101, pi. 21 f ig . 6 . R£££ii££ ££.£££££££££ (Cushman) £i_sco£b£S subaur acana Cushman, 1 922 . Carnegie I n s t . Wa sh i n g ton Publ. 311,v.17,p.41, pi. 7, figs.1,2. 9 9 (Said) Pl. 4 , figs. 5 a-b. Discorbis suezensis Said, 1 94 9 . Cushman Lab. Foram.Res . , Spec. Publ.26, p.36, pi.3, fig. 34a-c. Discorbis candeiana (D'Orbigny). Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol.Soc.Amer.Mem.46, pt.2, p.20, pi.10, figs.3a-b. Superfamily GLABATELLACEA Loeblich and Tappan, 1964 Family GLABATELLIDAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1964 Angulodiscorbis ££a rJLo tn s i_s (Cushman) Di scor b i s charlottiensis Cushman, 1925. Contrib. Cushman Lab. Foramin. Res., p. 42, pi. 7, fig. 2. Angulodiscorbis charlottiensis (Cushman). Lankford and Phleger, 1973. Jour. Foramin. Res., v. 3, n. 3, p. 114, pi. 5, figs. 1, 2. Superfamily SIPHONINACEA Cushman, 1927 Family SIPHONINIDAE Cushman, 1927 Siphonina b£adyana Cushman Siphonina bradyana Cushman, 1927. U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc. v.72, art.20, p.11, pl.l, figs.4a-c. Siphonin £ ££i£B££ Cushman Siphonina pu1ch£a Cushman, 1919. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ.291, p.42, pi.14, figs.7a-c. Superfamily PLANORBULINACEA Schwager, 1877 Family PLANULINIDAE Bermudez, 1952 Planulina ar imj.nens i_s D'Orbigny ariminensis D'Orbigny,1826. Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 1 v.7, p.280, pi.14, figs. 1-3 bis. ■ 1 0 0 Planulina foveolata (Brady) Anomalina foveolata Brady, 1884. Rept. Voy. Challenger, Zool. v.9, p.674, pi.94, figs. la-c. Planulina «era Cushman Pl. 4, figs. 6 a-b. Planulina mera Cushman, 1944. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res.,Spec. Publ.12, p.36, pi.4, fig.25a-c. Planulina exor nata Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.32, pi.18, figs. 5a-b, 6-8. P ££££££££ ££££££ (D'Orbigny) Pl. 8, figs. 3 a-b. Tr uncatulina ornata D'Orbigny , 1839. Voy. Am. Me rid. "Forami- niferes", v . 5, pt. 5, p. 40, pi. 6, figs. 7-9. Pl an u 11 n a ££££££ (D'Orbigny) . Lankford and Phleger, 1973.Jour. Foramin. Res., v. 3 , n. 3, p. 125, pi. 6, fig. 21. Family CIBICIDIDAE Cushman, 192 7 Ci bic ides cotpulentus Phleger and Parker Cibicides robustus Phleger and Paeker, 1951 (not C^ robustus Le Calvez, 1949). Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.31, pi.17, figs.la-b, 2a-b, 3a-b, 4a-b. Anomalina corpulentus (Phleger and Parker). Pflum & Frerichs, Cushman Found.Foramin.Res. ,Spec.Pub 1 . 14, p.107. Cibicides corjaulentus Phleger and Parker, 1952. Contr.Cushman Found. Foram. Res. , v . 3 , pt.l, p.14. Cibicides depr imu s Phleger and Parker ?Ci bic ides pseudounger iana (Cushman) var. i_o (part), Cushman 1931. U.S.Natl.Mus.Bull.104,pt.8,p.125,pi. 23, fig.2 (not f ig . 1) . Cibicides depr imus Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer Me.46, pt.2, p.29, pi. 15, figs.16a-b, 17a-b. 1 0 1 Ci bic ides fletcheri Galloway and Wissler Pl. 8, figs. 1 a-b. Cibicides fletcheri Galloway and Wissler, 1 92 7 . Jour . Pa 1 eont. v.l, n. 1, p. 64, pl. 10, figs. 8, 9. Cibicides flor idanus (Cushman) Pl. 4, figs. 7 a-b. T££ncji£u lJLn a floridana Cushman, 1918. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 676, p.62, pl.19, figs.2a-c. Cibicides aff. C_^ flor idanus (Cushman). Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol.Soc.Amer.Mem.46,pt.2,p.30,pl.16,figs.1-4. Cibicides i_o Cushman Pl. 4, figs. 8 a-b. Cibicides pseudounger iana (Cushman) var. £o Cushman, 1931. U.S. Natl.Mus.Bull. 104,pt.8, p.125,pl.23, figs. 1-2. Anomalina i o (Cushman) . Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv.Geol.Bull.35,pt.2,p.125,pl.29,figs.2a-c. Cibicides me kanna i Galloway and Wissler C£££££d£S ££_k£££££ Galloway and Wissler, 1927. Jour. Paleont. v.l, p. 65, pl. 10, figs. 5, 6. Ci bic ides mollis Phleger and Parker Cibicides mollis Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.30, pl.16, figs. 7a-b, 8a-b, 9a-b. Cibicides phleger i Uchio Cibicides £hle£erj. Uchio, 1 960 . Cushman Found. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ. 5, p. 69, pl. 10, figs. 7-10. 1 02 Cibicides sp. Description: Test planoconvex, dorsal side evolute, ventral side flat and convex; periphery rounded, slightly lobulated;chambers distinct, inflated, usually 6 in the last whorl; wall thin, translucent, very finely perforate on the ventral side; aperture a narrow slit along the base of the last chamber on the ventral side. Dyocibicides bise^ialis Cushman and Va1en t i ne Dyocibicides biserialis Cushman and Valentine, 1930. Contrib. Dept. Stanford Univ., v. 1, n.l, p. 31, pi. 10, figs. 1, 2 a-b. Dyocibicides sp. 1 Pl. 8, figs. 2 a-b. Description: Test very much compressed throughout, periphery subacute, the early portion close coiled, trochoid, later chambers becoming biserial, chambers very slightly inflated; wall finely, evenly perforate; aperture becoming terminal in the biserial portion. Rectocibicides miocen icus Cushman and Ponton Rectocibicides miocenicus Cushman and Ponton, 1932. Contrib. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v.8,p.2, pi . 1 , figs. 5-7. Family PLANORBULINI DAE Schwager, 1877 Planorbulina med i_t_er_£an en s i s D'Orbigny Pl. 5, fig. 1 . mediter r anensi s D'Orbigny, 1 8 2 6 . Ann. Sci. Nat., v.7, p.280, no.23, pi.14, figs. 4-6. 1 0 3 Family CYMBALOPORIDAE Cushman, 1927 Tr e tomphalus atlanticus Cushman Tr etompha1 us atlanticus Cushman, 1934. Contr. Cushman Found. Foram. Res.,v.lO, pt.4, p.86, pi.11, figs. 3a-c. Superfamily ACERVULINACEA Schultze, 1854 Family HOMOTREMATI DAE Cushman, 1927 Homotrema rubrum (Lamarck) Millipora £Ub£a Lamarck, 1816. Hist. Nat. Amim. sans Vert., v.2, p. 202. Polytr ema rubra Dujardin, 1841. Hist. Nat. Zooph., p.259. Homotrema rubrum Hickson, 1911. Trans, Linn.Soc.London , Zoo 1 . , ser.2, v.14, p.445, pi. 30, fig.2; pi. 31, fig. 9,pi. 32, figs.19,22,28. Superfamily ASTERIGERINACEA D'Orbigny, 1839 Family ASTER IGERINI DAE D’Orbigny, 1839 Aster iger ina carinata D'Orbigny Pl. 5, figs. 2 a-b. Aster iger ina ca£inata D'Orbigny, 1839. £ n : De la Sagra, Hist. Phys.Po1.Nat.Cuba,"Foraminiferes " , p.118, v.8, pi. 6 figs. 1 , 2 . Family AMP HISTEGIN I DAE Cushman, 1927 Amph istegina gibbosa D'Orbigny Amphisteg ina 2.£bbosa D'orbigny, 1839. £n : De la Sagra, Hist Phys. Pol. Cuba, "Foraminiferes", p.120, v.8, pi.8 figs. 1 - 3. Amphisteg ina lessoni D’Orbigny, 1826. Ann. Sci. Nat.,v.7, p 3 0 4 , no.3, pi. 17, figs. 1-4. t 1 0 4 Superfamily NONIONACEA Schultze, 1854 Family NONIONIDAE Schultze, 1854 Flor ilus astr icta (McCulloch) Nonionella j apon ic a (Asano) vat.mex icana Cushman and McCulloch 1940. South Calif. Univ. Publ. Allan Hancock Pacif. Exped.,v.6, no.3, p.160, pi.17, fig. 10. Nonionel la a^t_£i_ct_£ McCulloch, 1 96 5 . Contr. Cushman Found. Foram. Res.,v.16, pt.4, p.153. Flor ilus basispinatus (Cushman and Moyer) Pl. 8, figs. 5 a-b. Non ion pi zar r ense Berry var. basispinatum Cushman and Moyer, 1930. p. 54, pi. 7, fig. 18. Flor ilus basispinatus (Cushman and Moyer). Lankford and Phleger, 1973. Jour. Foramin. Res., v. 3, n.3, p. 119, pi. 3, fig. 15. Florilus sp. Wantland Flor ilus sp Wantland, 1967. Unpub. Ph. D. Diss., Rice Univ., Houston, Texas, p.250, pi. 16, figs. 11 a-c. Nonionella atlantica Cushman Pl. 5, fig. 4 . Nonionella atlantica Cushman, 1947. Contr.Cushman Lab.Foram. Res.,v.23, pt.4, p.90, pi.20, figs. 4-5. Flor ilus atlanticus (Cushman).Pflum and Frerichs,1976.Cushman Found.Foramin.Res. ,Spec.Publ.4,p.10 7. Pseudonon ion atlanticus (Cushman). Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geo 1.Bu11.35, pt.2, p.84, pi. 18, figs . la-b, 2a-c. 1 05 Nonionella S£_a £e lo up i (D'orbigny) Nonionina g r a ££ lo £ p i_ D'Orbigny, 1826. Ann. Sci. Nat., v.7, p. 2 9 4, no. 19. Non ion grateloupi (D'Orbigny). Phleger and Parker, 1951.Geol. Soc.Amer.Mem.46, pt.2, p.11, pi.5, fig. 18. F 1_O££ Ijj S5 g r a t e 1_££P (D'Orbigny). Want land , 1967. Unpub. Ph.D. Diss.,Rice U . , Ho us to n , Te x as , p. 2 4 9 , pi. 16, fig. 10. N o £ i_o n e 1^ 1_ a o p i m a Cushman Nonionella bas iloba Cushman and McCulloch, 1 94 0 .Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., v.6, no.3, p.162, pi. 18, figs. 3a-c. Nonionella opinta Cushman, 1947. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res.,v.23, pt.4, p.90, pi.20, figs. 1-3. Va lv u 1 i n e ££a o p£m a (Cushman). Pflum & Frerichs, 1976. Cushman Found.Foramin.Res.,Spec.Publ.14,p.108. Noni.one££a spel^la Cushman and Moyer N£2i£I!.el_la 2>i_oceni_ca Cushman var. s£ella CUshman and Moyer, 1930. Contrib. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 6, p. 56, pi. 7, fig. 7. Nonionella tu r g ida (Williamson) Rotalina turg ida Williamson, 1858. Rec. Foram. Gt. Britain, p 50, pi. 4, figs. 95-97. Nonionella turg ida (Williamson). Cushman 1 93 0 . U.S. Natl.Mus. Bull. 104, pt.7, p. 15, pi. 6, figs. 1-4. Lankford Pl. 8, fig. 4 . Astrononion i nc i1i s Lankford and Phleger, 1973.Jour. Foramin. Res., v. 3, n. 3, p. 115, pi. 3, fig. 11. Pullenia bulloides (D'Orbigny) Nonionina bulloides D'orbigny, 1826. Ann. Sci. Nat., v.7, p. 2 9 3 . Pullenia bulloides (D'orbigny). Phleger and Parker, 1951.Geol Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.29,pl.l5, fig.11. 1 06 Pullenia qu_i n qu e .loba (Reuss) Nonionina Pu 1 len i a s a 1 i sb £ r y _i Stewart and Stewart Pullenia salisburyi Stewart and Stewart,1930. Jour. Paleont., v. 4, nl, p. 72, pi. 8, fig. 2. Family MELONIDAE Chapman, Parr and Collins, 1934 Me Ion i s bar ieeanus (Williamson) Nonionina barleana Williamson, 1858. Rec. Foraminifera of Gt. Britain, London, Roy. Soc., p.32, pi. 3, figs. 6 8- 69 . Non£on cf . N^_ (Fichtel and Moll). Phleger and Parker,1951.Geol.Soc.Am er.Mem.46,pt.2, pi. 5, fig.20. Gavelinonion barleanum (Williamson). Barker, 1960. Soc. Econ. Paleo. and Mineral., Spec. Publ. 9, p. 224, pi.109, figs. 8, 9. Superfamily CHILOSTOMELLACEA Brady, 1881 Family CHILOSTOMELLIDAE Brady, 1881 Chilostomella oolina Schwager Ch i lostomella ool_ina Schwager, 1 87 8 . Boll. R. Com. Geol.Ital. v.9, p.527, pl.l, fig. 16. Family ALABAMINIDAE Hofker, 1951 Alabamina decor ata (Phleger and Parker) Pseudopar_ella (?) decorata Phleger and Parker, 1 9 5 1 . Geo 1 . Soc . Amer.Mem.46, pt.2, p.28, pi.15, figs. 4, 5. Nuttallides decor ata (Phleger and Parker). Poag, 1981. Ecolo- gic Atlas of B. Foram. of the Gulf of Mexico, p.94, pi.5 & 6, figs. 2a-c. 1 07 Gyroidina altiformis Stewart and Stewart Gyroidina soldanii Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.22, pl.ll, figs.15, 16. Gyroidina altiformis Stewart and Stewart .Uchio, 1 960 . Cushman Found. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ. 5, p. 49, pl. 8, figs. 13-15. Gy £o£d_i n a 2££.£££l££££ D'Orbigny Pl. 5, figs. 3 a-b. Gyroidina orbicularis D'Orbigny, 1826. Ann. Sci. Nat. v.7, p. 278, no.l, Modele, no.13. Gyroidina quinqueloba Uchio Gyroidina quinqueloba Uchio, 1960. Cushman Found. Foram.Res., Spec. Publ. 5, p. 66, pl. 8, figs. 22-25. Family ORIDORSALI DAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1984 Or idorsa£££ *££££ Andersen Or idor sal is we st i Andersen, 1 9 61 . Lo u i s i a n a State Dep.Conserv. Geol.Bu11. 35, pt.2, p.107, pl.22, figs.3 a-c. Family OSANGULARIIDAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1964 Osangular ia cultur (Parker and Jones) Pl. 5, figs. 5 a-b. Planorbulina cultur Parker and Jones, 1865. Philos. Trans., R . Soc. ,p.421, pl.19, figs, la — b • Parrella cultu£ (Parker and Jones). Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.23, pl.12, fig. 3. Osangular ia cultur (Parker and Jones). Pflum and Frerichs, 1 97 6 . Cushman Found.Foramin.Res . ,Spec.Pub1. 1 4,p . 107 1 08 Os a ng_£l_a££a rugosa (Phleger and Parker) Pseudojoar e 11 a (?) rugosa Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.46, pt.2, p.28, pi.15, figs. 8,9. Egistominella rugosa (Phleger and Parker). Parker, 1954.Bull. Mus . Comp.Zool. ,v.111,no. 10,p . 5 3 3 , pi. 10, figs. 2 4 - 2 5 . Family GAVELINELLI DAE Hofker , 1956 Hanzawaia ber thelothi (D'Orbigny) Rosalina berthelotj. D'Orbigny, 1 8 3 9 . l_n : Barker, Webb and Berthelot, Hyst. Nat. lies Canaries "Foraminiferes" v.2, pt. 2, p. 135, pi. 1, figs. 28-30. Han zawa ia bertheloti (D'Orbigny). Bandy, 1961. Micro paleonto logy , v. 7, n. 1, pi. 3, fig. 10. Hanzawaia concentrica (Cushman) Pl. 5, figs. 6 a-b. Truncatulina concentr ica Cushman, 1918. U.S. Geol. Surv.Bull. 676, p.64, pi.21, fig. 3. Cibicides concentr icus (Cushman). Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol.Soc.Amer.Mem.46, pt.2, p.29, pi.15, figs 14 a-b, 15 a-b. Han zawa ia mexicana Lankford Pl. 8, figs. 6 a-b. Han zawa ia mexicana Lankford, 1973. Jour. Foramin. Res., v. 3, n. 3, p. 122, pi. 6, fig. 20. HaJ£z a w ai_ a nitidula (Bandy) Pl. 8, figs. 7 a-b. Clbicidina ba s iloba (Cushman) var. nitidul# Bandy, 1953.Jour. Paleont., v. 27, n. 2, p. 17?~pTT 2 2, fig. 3. Han zawa ia nitidula (Bandy). Lankford and Phleger, 1973. Jour. Foramin. Res., v. 3, n. 3, p. 123, pi. 6, fig. 19. 1 09 Har^jzawa^a s.l£at.t.on£ (Applin) Truncatulina amer icana Cushman var. strattoni Applin, 1925. Arne r . As s oc . Pe t r o 1. Ge o 1. , B u 11 . , v . 9 , no . 1 , p.99,pi. 3, f i g . 3 . Ci bic id ina strattoni (Applin). Parker, Phleger and Pierson, 1953. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., Spec. Publ.2, p.7, pi.4, figs. 38-39. Superfamily ROTALIACEA Ehrenberg, 1839 Family ROTALIIDAE Ehrenberg, 1839 Am m o n i_a pa£k i^ns o n£a n a (D'Orbigny) Pl. 5, figs. 9 a-b, Pl. 8, figs. 8 a-b. Phys . Pol. Cuba "Foraminiferes", 99, pi. 4 figs . 2 5-2 7. Ammon i a par kinsoniana Poag, 1978. Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol figs. 1- 21. AmmoniaAmmon i a pa uc iloc ulata (Phleger and Parker) Ro t a 1 i a pa uc iloc ulata hleger and Parker, 1951. Geol. Soc Amer . Mem. 4 Family ELPHIDIIDAE Galloway, 1933 Elphid ium discoidale (D'Orbigny) Polystomella discoidalis D'Orbigny, 1839. Jn: De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. Cuba, "Foraminiferes", p.56, pi.6, figs. 23, 24. Cr ibroelphidium d iscoidale (D'Orbigny). Pflum and Frerichs, 1976. Cushman Found. Foramin. Res., Spec. Publ. 14, p.107. 1 1 0 El ph i d ium £X££X£££in Terquem Pl. 5i figs. 8 a-b. Polystomella umbilicatula var. incer ta Williamson, 1 8 5 8 . Rec. Foraminifera of Great Britain, p.44, pi.3, figs. 82. Elphid ium cf. EA incer turn [Williamson). Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep. Conserv. Geol. Bull. 35, pt.2, p.110, pi.18, fig.8. Polystomella ££££££££ Terquem, 1876. Mem. Soc. Dunkerquoine Encour.Sci.Let.Arts(1874-1875) 19,pt. 1 , p . 4 2 9 . El ph i d ium iatulum (Cushman) Cushman, 1918. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 676, p.20, pi.8, figs. 5 a-b. El ph i d ium cf. Ej_ fimbriatulum (Cushman). Phleger and Parker, 1951. Geol.Soc.Am er.Mem.46,pt.2,p.lO,pl.5,fig.l2. El ph i d ium gu n t e r i (Cole) Elph i d ium g u n t e r i Cole, 1931. Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Surv. Bull.6, p.34, pi.4, figs. 9, 10. Cr ibroelphid ium gunter i (Cole). Wantland, 1 96 7 . Unpub. Ph.D. Diss.Rice U. ,Ho uston,Texas, p. 22 7 , pi. 14,fig.4. El ph i d ium goeyan urn (D'Orbigny) Pl. 5, figs. 7 a-b. Polystomella poeyana D'Orbigny, 1839. Jn: De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol.Cuba,"Foraminiferes",p.55,pi. 6, figs. 25-26. Cr ibroelphidium poeyanum (D'orbigny). Bock, 1971. Miami Geol. Soc. Mem.l, pi.21, figs. 1,2. Elphi d ium cf. E. translucens Natland.Andersen, 1961. Louisiana State Dep.Conserv.Bui1.35,pt.2, p.110, pi.18, fig. 10. El ph i d ium sagr urn (D'Orbigny) Polystomella sa^ra D'orbigny, 1839. In: De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes”,v.8,p.55,pi.6, figs. 19-20. TOTM. FUHHK C*HH!C«r. TFHUAWTFFBtf 1 1 1 piklnsonUnn *»»nn|« pa oc I 1oc u I a t « Amphlsteq Ina 9 Ibbon a Archala anqulatus Ammoacalnrla pa eodnnp I i a I I a Anlertqpftnn cat I na • a Mtrononlon Inc I I I a bI 9 a n ei In a Irregular la bnllvlna 1owmanI Bolit Im t r «9I I I a Bnllvlna a-lnlma Bol Ivina n< d I net I a Bnllvlna aubaenatana I a meatcena Bo 11vIna ptIc at a Brltallna acia Inara Hr lul Ina acut uI a bulimina alatanenala Rullmlnella baaaendnrfenola Ha11a Ia p111 »lr9»nlli«l»« Cancr t a auricula CAnctla panamenala Caaaldullna hi » 11 I l-"«l n Caaaldullna corby1 Caaaldullna cumti Caaaldullna delicate Caaaldullna neocat1nala Caaaldullna aubglobona Caaaldullna tor tuna a Caaaldullna ap Ctblcldea deprlmua Ciblcldea fletcheri Ctblcldea f lorldanua Ctblcldea lo OyocIbIcI da a ap I Otacorbla roaea F. I pb Id Ium dlacoldale Flpbtdlum aacavatum Flphtdtum poeyanum FpI atomIneI I a btadyana Fp I • t om I nn I I a ealgon FpI atomIneI 1 a amltbl Fponldaa antillarum Fponldea tumldulua Fponldea turgldua Florllua baalaplnatua Futaenkolna pontoni Gnvellnopnli pitrfril Guttultna eplcanformla Gyt oldIna a 11I for ml a Gy told Ina orbicular la llan r. ih« I a hert. helnthl M a n t ,r w a I a c <> "c e n t r 1 >• a Nancawala mealcana llancawala nit Id ula llancawala atrattnnl lalandlella notctoaal a on trails Lagena cf. L. ftllcoat* Lamarckiana atlantica Mlllollnelta callfotnlca HI I IoI InaI I a mlcrnatoma Mlllollnelta oblonga Mtoronotblnt terqueml NodobacuI arIeI I a atlantica Nodobac uI a r c a an I a NodobacuI at I a I I a a Icana Nontonella atlantica Nontonella nplma Oaanguterta cultur Peneroplla proteoue Flacopalllna bradyi PlaropaI I Ina cenomana FlanorbulIna ed I t e r r enene I a FlanulIna foveolatn Fla ul I Flanullna ornatn QuInqueIocuI Ina blcoinla Quinqueloculina compt a QuInquMoc ullna Qu I nq>ir I oc ul I na lamarckiana OuInqua Iocul Ina poeyana Ou I n que I oc <11 I n a welanerl Noaallna subaraucana Noaallna auacenala Ragt Ina pulche11 a Baabrookla earlandl BIgmoI I I nope I a lllntll BorI tee mar 9 I naI I a Ttil'ilirla candelana Teatularla Occident alia Teatularla achenchl Ten tularin ap Tr I f arIna bella Trllocullna ttlynnuli t!vl,»r he 11 ul a Hvlqetlna eacallena tlvlqertna bIapI docnatata Uelqarlna Incllls UvIge tIna ValvulInetla alcana TABLE 5 SPECIES AT 5 PERCENT ABUNPANCE LEVEL WITHIN THE TOTAL ANP LIVING ASSEMBLAGES IN THE GULF OF CAMPECHE ANP IN THE GULF OF TEHUANTEPEC. F SPECIES DIVERSITY In the literature on for aminifera 1 distributions, species are frequently referred to as being common, rare, or abundant, and their overall abundances are expressed as percentages in a given area or volume of sediment. Many indices have been proposed to measure species diversity, but the simplest was defined as the total number of species in a given area (Pianka, 1966). More sophisticated measures have been developed to weigh the contribution of the species according to their relative abundance in a sample. When the structure of the community was studied more carefully by ecologists, it was noticed that species diversity depends on two main features: the number of species or variability (S), and the distribution of the relative abundance of the species present, which has been called evenness or equitability (E). A significant statistical index of species diversity called The Shannon-Wiener Information Function (Shannon and Weaver, 1963), is based upon the Information Theory which, when applied to ecology, basically states that the ccomplexity omp1e x i t y of a community (or assemblage) depends upon the amount of information it contains. The higher the values,ue s , the more complex the community is. The theory i s expressed mathematically by the following equation: H (S)=- 2 pi In pi i = l 1 1 2 1 1 3 where s is the number of species in a sample, and p is the t h i proportion of the i species. Hill (1973) and Buzas (1972) demonstrated that the addition of rare species has little effect on the value of the index. The index also minimizes the problem of comparing the diversity of samples of different sizes (Gibson and Buzas, 1960; Sanders, 1968). This could be useful when two or more different environments are compared (Margalef, 1963). In order to quantify evenness, Buzas and Gibson (1969) proposed the following equation H (S) H (s) where e is the value obtained by raising the e logarithmic function to the power H(s), the value derived from the Shannon-Wiener index, and S is the number of species. When E is equal to one, species are evenly distributed within the sample, with no species being particularly dominant, whereas values less than one signify greater variation from a sample of equally proportioned species. For many plants and animals, a correlation between diversity measures and latitudinal gradients has been recognized ( P i an ka , 1 9 6 6 ) . At higher latitudes, a low diversity is exhibited, while for low latitudes, the values are higher ( Sanders , 1 96 8 ; Buzas, 1 97 2 ). Other studies have 1 1 4 shown a negative correlation between diversity and water depth. However, in their study of invertebrate benthic fauna, Hassler and Sanders (1967) found that the high diversity values in deep sea samples are comparable to values found in shallow tropical latitudes. Appendices 5 and 6 summarize the data obtained for number of species (S), Shannon-Wiener Information Index (H(s)], and Equitability values (E) for both living and total faunas in samples studied in Campeche and Tehuantepec, respectively. Values for S, H(S) and E were plotted against water depth and are shown in figures 12, 13, 16 and 17. Figures 14, 15, 18 and 19 use the same data, but in this case, the mean values for S, H(S) and E were calculated and plotted against water depths of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 m. In figure 12, the general trend followed by species diversity for the total fauna in Campeche is an increase in the values of S, H(S) and E until a depth of 70 m is reached, below which a decreasing trend to approximately 250 m depth is evident. This is followed by a slight increase of these values between 250 and 586 m. Figure 13 (living fauna in Campeche) shows a similar trend in species diversity, but these values are more scattered between the 10—100 m depth range than those in the previous figure. Moreover, there is a marked increase in the number of species relative to water depth. Values for the H(S) index also show a general increase until a depth of 150 m is 1 1 5 1 1 6 |0 20 4 0 60 80100 200 400 600 1000 DEPTH (m) 100 100 H (s ) io to 40 60 60 ioo eoo 400 600 looo DEPTH (m) FIG. 13 PLOTS OF SPECIES P1VERITV S, HIS] ANP E AGAINST WATER PEPTH: GULF OF CAMPECHE LIVING ASSEMBLAGE 1 1 7 reached, after which there is a slight decrease to 200 m. Below this depth, the curve flattens and fluctuates between the values 2.50 and 3.00. On the other hand, equitability values show a definite decrease with increasing water depth. A clearer trend for these three diversity measures can be seen in figures 14 and 15, where the mean values were considered for each depth interval. In general, it can be said that both total and living faunas in Campeche Bay exhibit high diversity (Appendix 5). The peak in species diversity for the total fauna is reached at a depth of 70 m (Fig. 14), perhaps due to both high species equitabilty and the number of species. For the living fauna, the peak is reached at 150 m (Fig. 15), but this is due to an increase in the number of species rather than in species equitability. When considering the total faunas alone, species populations seem to achieve a more equal distribution as water depth increases to 70 m. Below this depth, the irregularity of the paths indicates a less even distribution. In shallow waters, the diversity of the living fauna is low with high equitability, but with increasing depth, diversity increases and dominant species emerge. The pattern of the total fauna could be compared with studies done in other areas. Unfortunately, there is little information about the pattern of living faunas with which to compa r e. Arnold and Sen Gupta (1981) found in their study of the 1 1 8 H (s ) FIG. 14 MEAN VALUES OF S, H|S) ANP E PLOTTEP AGAINST WATER PEPTH: GULF OF CAMPECHE TOTAL FAUNA. 1 1 9 H (s ) FIG. 15 MEAN VALUES Of S, H|S) AND E PLOTTED AGAINST WATER PERTH: GULF Of CAMPECHE LIVING FAUNA. 1 2 0 continental slope of Georgia a similar increasing trend in diversity values between 10 and 70 m depth, followed by a decrease between 70 and 250 m. Using Phleger's data, Gibson and Buzas (1973) found the same trend in the northwestern part of the Gulf of Mexico. In the case of the Tehuantepec Gulf samples, the species diversity for the total fauna, as shown in figure L6, exhibits an increase in species number (S) but generally decreasing values for both H(S) and Equitability (E) in a range of 20-70 m depth. At greater depths, the inverse is observed, with decreasing values for species number and an increase in both the species diversity index H(S) and In figure 17 (living fauna in Tehuantepec), the plot of the species number (S) exhibits a general increase until 70 m, at which point it begins to decrease with water depth. Species diversity index H(S) does not show a clear trend. However, equitability values generally show a positive correlation with water depth. These patterns are better represented in figures 18 and 19. In these figures, the plot of the number of species (S) shows a decreasing trend from 20 tO 40 m depth, followed by an increasing trend down to 100 m and then a subsequent drop. In shallow water, diversity is low for the total fauna and even lower for the living population. However, H(s) diversity plots, for both the living and total faunas, show a decreasing trend down to 70 m, an increase between 70 and 100 m, and a final decrease after the 100 m 1 2 1 H (s ) 1 2 2 H (s ) FIG. 17 PtOTS GF SPECIES PIVERSITV S, H|S) ANP E AGAINST WATER PETTHi GULF GF TEHUANTEPEC LIVING ASSEMBLAGE. 1 2 3 H(s) GULF OF TEHUANTEPEC TOTAL FAUNA. 1 2 4 40 6 0 80 100 zoo DEPTH (ro) 100 10 20 100 H(s) ,, MEAN VALUES FOR S, H(S) AND E AGAINST WATER DEPTH: GULF OF TEHUAMTETEC LIVING FAUNA. 1 2 5 diversity peak. Equitability values for the total fauna (Fig. 18) clearly indicate species dominance between 40 to 70 m depth, with E values fluctuating around 0.20. In contrast, the living fauna (Fig. 19) tends to increasing population evenness with depth. For both living and dead populations, the species diversity peak is reached at 100 m depth, perhaps due to both having high equitability and number of species. In summary, Tehuantepec samples are less diverse than those from Campeche. Comparing the values of diversity from the two areas (Appendix 6), it was found that H(s) values are higher for the total faunas than for the living ones. However, when E values are considered, living faunas exhibit higher values than the total faunas. Higher diversity is expected for total faunas, since they represent a summation (dead + living) over time. Moreover, the living populations do not maintain constant species proportions throughout the year (Buzas, 1969; Gibson and Buzas, 1973). Figures 20-23 show the spatial distribution of the Shannon-Wiener Index values obtained. Figures 20 and 21 show H(s) distribution for Campeche, and figures 22 and 23 show the same for Tehuantepec. In Campeche, higher H(s) values are located near the reef zone in Veracruz and on the Banco de Campeche. For both living and total faunas, the highest value was found in sample 12 at a depth of 68 m. The lowest value for the total population was found in sample 29, situated at the entrance of the Laguna de Terminos. Collected in an area FIG. 20 VISTRIBUTION OF SHANNON-UlENER 1NV1CES FOR TOTAL FAUNA IN CAMPECHE SAMPLES. FIG. 21 o Z / DISTRIBUTION OF SHANNON-WIENER INDICES FOR LIVING FAUNA IN CAMPECHE SAMPLES 1 2 8 with high carbonate content, sample 39 has an H(s) value o£ 1.10, the lowest for the living fauna. In general, low values are found near the coastline and higher values are found offshore. This pattern is clearly seen in the distribution of living benthic fauna. In figure 22, the spatial distribution of these diversity values for the Pacific samples (Tehuantepec) are shown. From this figure, we can see that the highest value was 2.91 in sample 5, which was collected at 21 m. This is in contrast with sample 20, which exhibits the lowest value (1.75). This sample was collected at a depth of 54 m. For the living fauna (Fig. 23), the highest value was found in sample 21 at a depth of 100 m, and no living fauna was found in samples 11 and 16. Considering the total populations in the Tehuantepec samples, the H(S) values tend to increase in an inshore direction. However, there seems to be a disruption in this trend in the last three transects between samples 7-9, 13-15 and 20-21. Although this can also be seen in the living fauna distribution (Fig. 23), it is not as evident as the one shown for the total fauna (Fig. 22). As previously mentioned, an increase in foraminifera 1 species diversity both toward the tropics and with increasing water depth has been reported. Following this idea, we might expect that the Tehuantepec samples, being located further south, would show higher diversity values than the Campeche Bay samples. Surprisingly, the results obtained show the FIG. 22 DISTRIBUTION OF SHANN0N-WIENER INDICES FOR TOTAL FAUNA IN TEHUANTEPEC SAMPLES. 1 FIG. 23 DISTRIBUTION OF SHANNON-WIENER INDICES FOR LIVING FAUNA IN TEHUANTEPEC SAMPLES. 3 0 1 3 1 opposite pattern. Some discrepancies were reported by Gibson and Buzas (1973) in their study on diversity patterns along the eastern margin of North America. They mentioned that, between 0 and 100 m depths, species diversity and H(S) values were higher in Arctic regions than in areas further south down to the Gulf of Mexico. They also compared deep water samples (>1000 m) and found that southern regions showed higher values. An exception to this generalization can be found in the northwestern part of the Gulf of Mexico, which had even lower diversity values than shallower samples from the same area. Concerning the pattern of equitability values, no clear trend relative to either bathymetry or latitude was observed. Many attempts have been made over the years to explain both the gradual increase in species diversity from the Arctic to the Equator (Buzas and Gibson, 1967) and the trends associated with water depth. Both biotic and abiotic parameters have been considered. It is not within the scope of this report to discuss all of these hypotheses, but rather to mention the important ones and to consider in more detail some of those which might explain the distribution found in the present study. The "Time Stability Hypothesis" was proposed by Fisher (1960) and revised by Simpson (1964). Basically, it states that the development of high diversity in an area is the result of environmental stability, where a set of conditions has prevailed without drastic change over a considerable , 3 2 period of time. Using this hypothesis, one could consider tropical areas to be higher diversity communities since they have undergone fewer perturbations through time compared to those in temperate areas, where climatic conditions may have changed through time. Klopfler (1959), Fisher (1960) and Dumbar (1960) supported The Climatic Stability Theory, which has been the most popular one among researchers. In this hypothesis, tropical areas are considered more diverse due to their more stable climatic conditions and the constancy of resource supply. Temperate zones, on the other hand, are often characterized by variable climatic conditions and resource availability. Sanders (1968) combined these two previous hypotheses and proposed the Time-C1imatic-Stabi1ity Theory. Basically, it states that a community is more diverse when biotic interactions play a major long-term role within the structure and operation of the community. Conversely, when abiotic parameters (or unstable conditions) play the major role in the community, low diversity values will be obtained. In an attempt to explain why Campeche exhibits higher diversity values than Tehuantepec, oceanographic conditions governing both areas should be considered. At the time the samples were collected, no oceanographic data for Campeche had been published by the Mexican Navy. However, it can be generalized that oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of Campeche are more stable than those in the 1 3 3 Pacific. As an example, in the Gulf of Tehuantepec between 50 m and 80 m depth, a cool (< 20° C), hypersaline (> 37 o/oo) water mass (Fig. 8) was reported by Gonzalez and Arenas (1978). Collected in a region characterized by such unfavorable conditions, samples 9, 10, 15, 16, 19 and 20 show low diversity values for the living population. In addition, upwelling conditions were reported in the southeastern portion of the Gulf of Tehuantepec (Gonzalez and Arenas, 1978), where low values of diversity were also found. Sanders (1968) explained that low diversity values are characteristic in upwelling areas due to the abundance Of organic matter which depletes the available oxygen as i t sinks. Consequently, the bottom water contains little or no oxygen. It can generally be said that when the environment becomes more extreme or stressed, there is a decrease l n diversity and no species dominance. Considering the distribution of diversity values (Shannon-Wiener Index) l n Campeche, it is apparent that high values for diversity were found near reef zones due to the stability of the reefal enviroment (Marga 1ef, 1 96 3 ) . Coral reefs are considered one of the oldest environments (Newell, 1982), as well as one of the most mature ecosystems in the world, thus allowing a great degree of species interaction (Pianka, 1966; Sanders, 1 968) . In high diversity areas such as Campeche, the fact that species are more or less equally distributed suggests that 1 3 4 there are more ecologic relationships such as complex food webs within the population. Stable environments, like Campeche, are characterized by many species, none of which is very abundant. On the other hand, variable environments like Tehuantepec are dominated by few species which exhibit high abundance. The other aspect to be considered is the relationship between water depth and diversity trends. In studies done on for aminifera 1 populations in different areas (Bandy & Arnal, 1960; Bandy, 1963; Walton, 1964; Murray, 1970, Culver and Buzas,1973), it was found that the number of species and the diversity values increase as the water depth increases. Low diversity values found in Campeche and Tehuantepec near the coastline can be explained by the extreme environmental stress (e.g. high wave action, current activity, turbidity, etc.) to which the organisms are continuously subjected. The increasing trend demonstrated on the continental shelf (70-150 m) could be an indication that more stable conditions are present. Similar trends were reported by Bandy (1953), Gibson (1966), Buzas and Gibson (1969), and Gibson and Buzas (1973), all of whom observing that species diversity increases from the shoreline to the edge of the continental shelf, and then remains constant or declines on the continental slope. The low diversity observed on the continental slope may be due to environmental instability caused by the downslope 1 3 5 movement of sediment. In summary, it seems that the results obtained in the present study could be explained by the Time-Climatic- Stability Theory. LIVING FAUNA Gulf of Campeche In the Gulf of Campeche, as previously mentioned, 176 species were found alive in the 41 samples studied. The wide-ranging species present in more than 20 samples are: Bolivina lowmani, £5££^3u .1 .i na s u bglobos a , Elphid ium poeyanum , Elph id i urn excav at urn , Epistominella ££A2.£a' Islandiella norcrossi australis, ba£leeanus , Nonionella atlantica and R££ali.na suezensis (Appendix 3) . However, as would be expected, their percentages vary from sample to sample. At the five percent abundance level, 56 species were selected and listed in table 6, in which their abundances were ranked as rare, low, moderate or high. From this table, we can see that Ammon i a p a r k i nsoniana makes up 58.80 % of the population in sample 33, while in sample 39, both Ammonia parkinsoniana and Amph isteg ina 2.££bosa make up 33.33 % of the population. In sample 13, Aster iger ina carinata constitutes 4 6 . 07 %, Buliminella bassendor fensis makes up 31.77 % of sample 28, and Bolivina minima represents almost 32 % of sample 5. Finally, Rosalina suezensis is present in high percentages (~30 %) in samples 34 and 35. Species like Buliminella elegantis £ £ma, E^istominella ££££££' Epon ides tumidulus , Eponides turg idus , Fursenkoina pon toni and the genera Cas s i d u 1 i. n a and Elph id ium are more 1 3 6 II 13 14 IS IS II II IS 21 21 22 SAMPLE 1 2 3 4 5 17 15 II 12 a a a 20.04 k a a Aaooni* parklnaonl*o* B a a A. p*octloculal* AapAiat*?!** k ArcMi* *agul*c TABLE 6 DISTRIBUTION OF THE LIVING SPECIES IN THE CULT OF CAMPECHE AT 5 PERCENT ABUNDANCE LEVEL. 8. <51, L-5-Itfl. M«ld-75|, H.I5-10I. 34 35 31 37 31 3) 48 41 sample 23 24 25 21 27 21 28 31 31 32 33 A 11.13 2A.72 22. 2fi 5A.A0 22. 24 A L 11.33 paucilocular* • A. 21.74 AapAiacaqina fiBtoM A L AfChai* BAfUiBLUB H A* 1 • 1 1 gat in* car Inara______A L L L a L M M A loll»in* lownani L Bolwina (raftlla A Bolivina alnina Bolivin* ordlnaria — A ______a. aubaanaranai* — alcana______— A Buliaina alaxananai* L L 11.71 A A A Buliainall* baaaandot fanala a A A A A A Buliainall* alagantiaala* ■ Caaaldulln* curvaca A A y jim A Caaaldulln* naocarinata A 25.0 A L 22.09 ~c— A N 20.96 A A Caaaldulln* augblofcoaa M ■ A A * A Clbicida* dapriaua L Ciblcldaa f 1 or id an ua L L a Clbicida* io _____ — Ilptiidiu. di.eoid.1. A L A L L A M H A L a Blpbildua aacauatua L 2t. 9i a L A a A N A Blpbidiua poayanua L A a A Bpiaroainalla aaiflua • a A ’ ■ — — tPOPld.l J9lUlU!n__------— ~a B Bponldaa tuaidulua L L Eponidaa turgldu* A N a A A L L Gavalinopaia pcaagarl A —C~~ » M L A A t ~ Ban raw* la concantrlca L A J a L ■anxawai atractonl A H A I. norcroaai auatralia L A L Uaaiciltai arlantlc* A L L _____ a L L A A A Ml lloliaall* call locale*______. — — * N L A I I A Bonlonalla atlaatica _ a ‘ a' a A A 1 a A »o„io..U. N M Oaanjularla cultur 21.74 panacopli* procaoua 1. _ A A Alanullna fovaolata a a A plaaulina aara a I Quiaaualoculraa laaaifaca A A a A L Q. laaarcaiana a — I17H — __ & BfUtt------a A A 0. waiaaac 1 2a. 04 a a i«.n • L Boaaltaa auoar a««aaa A A 11. «A I U A A A a toaalma auaxaaala A A A A ■ B •------— Bayaina pulcaalla A a A A ______- — L A A Bocitae ear « mail* Tea tai Ml* caaOaiana I 1A.I a a a a A a a A Tillar Ina ealla A L Vvtfacina ballatal* L Hwigarma blafidocoatara A Uwifarma parade»aa TABLE 6, coot. 1 3 9 widely distributed in the western region than in the eastern area. Seabrook ia earlandi and the genus U££££££££ ace common in the deep waters of the western part, whereas Ammonia par kinsoniana , Buliminella elegantissima , Archais ££2£i££££’ Mi 1 iol inel la ca £££o£n.ica' ££££££Ei££ ££££££££ and £°£aii££ suezensis are more abundant in shallow waters toward the east. In the central region, 2.a££a*ai£ concentr ica , Monionella a££a£££££ and the <3enus 2HEEB2£££SE£EEE are well represented. Figure 24 depicts the regional dominance pattern using the three most abundant species. In the western portion of the study area, 2.ol£vi_na lowman i is the dominant species, while Cassidulina £££s££££££ dominates the deepest waters of the central and eastern regions. An association of the species Ammonia parkinsoniana, Elphidium excavatum and Bolivina i£££a££ occurs in the southeastern corner of the Gulf of Campeche. Elphidium P££Y££££ is found along the coast line at the entrance to the Laguna de Terminos. Hanzawaia £££££££££££, Miliolinella £a£i££££i£a and Cibicides io dominate the west central area between 29 and 68 m water depth. Finally, the association of Archais anjulatus and ££2£E£ElE2 ££££££££ overlaps with the distributions of £i£EEEEE££E2 ££d££££££££££££ and ^££a£ina suezensis in the shallow waters of the Campeche Bank. Based on water depth, three assemblages can be recognized. In a water depth range of 150 to 586 m (or Upper bathyal zone according to Bandy ,1964), the following species occur 1 FIG. 24 SPECIES DOMINANCE PATTERN IN THE CULP OP CAUPECHE. 4 0 1 4 1 Bolivina lowmani Eponides tumidulus Bolivina minima Eponides turgidus Bolivina subaenarensis mexicana Gavelinopsis praeger i Cassidulina subglobosa Osanjularia cultur Cassidulina neocarinata Planulina foveolata Cassidulina curvata Seabrookia earlandi Cibicides floridanus Uvigerina bellula Epistomine1la exigua Uvigerina peregrina In a water depth range of 50 to 150 m, or Central and Outer Shelf, the following species occur Bolivina lowmani I.norcrossi australis Buliminella e1egantissima M. calif ornica Cassidulina subglobosa Nonionella atlantica Elphidium excavatum Nonionella opima Epistomine11 a exigua Rosalina suezensis Eponides turgidus Sabrina pulchella Fursenkoina pontoni Trifarina be 11 a Hanzawaia concentrica Uvigerina bellula In water depths of less than 50 m, or Inner She If, the following species occur: Ammonia parkinsoniana Fursenkoina pontoni Amphistegina gjbbosa Hanzawaia concentrica Archais angulatus I.norcrossi australis Asterigerina carinata Nonionella atlantica Buliminella bassendorfensis Nonionella opima 1 4 2 Bolivina lowmani Peneroplis proteous Cassidulina subglobosa P. mediterranensis Discorbis rosea Q. lamarckiana Cibicides io Q. poeyana Elphidium poeyanum Q. weisneri Eponides antillarum Rosalina suezensis Sorites Cluster Analysis To resolve the trends in the distribution of the species found in the Gulf of Campeche, a Q-mode cluster analysis was performed using the relative abundances of all the species found in the samples. Cluster analysis is a simple form of correlation analysis which searches for relationships in a symmetrical matrix. A logical pair-by-pair comparison of samples produces a two- dimensional hierarchical diagram, called a dendrogram, through which the clustering pattern between groups is obtained. Figure 25 shows the dendrogram produced for the living fauna considered in Campeche. Three major groups or clusters can be distinguished. Cluster A includes samples containing c1 ay-si11-sized particles located in the western region of the Gulf of Campeche. Cluster B groups samples containing silt to sand-sized particles with a high calcium carbonate content. This cluster includes samples 4, 6, 9 and FIG. 25 Q-MGPE CLUSTER PIAGRAM: GULF OF CAHPECHE LIVING FAUNA 1 4 4 19, located in the western region of the Gulf and containing sand-sized material. Cluster C includes samples which contain exclusively sand. There is an apparent correlation between faunal basic wall-structures of species and the structure of the clusters. Porcelaneous forms dominate Campeche Bank to the east, where sand-sized particles are present, while hyaline forms dominate Campeche Bay to the west, where there are abundant silts and clays. It is possible that, since porcelaneous forms have thicker tests, they can resist the potential damage caused by the currents, high temperatures and salinities of shallow, high energy environments. In contrast, the more delicate hyaline forms have thinner tests and are, as a result, unable to withstand the physical stress associated with high energy environments. Gulf of Tehuantepec In the Gulf of Tehuantepec, 70 species were found alive in the 22 samples studied. The wide-ranging species present in more than nine samples are: Ammon i a Ea E®.' Br_£za^^na a^c^ut^ul^a, Cancr is auricula, Eponides ant£llar_um' EaEl®££natus , Hanzawaia E£2Sl£EE£' Hanzawai.a n£ti_dula, ornata and Quinqueloculina _i EEELEJS i a n a . At the five percent abundance level, 25 species were 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 SAMPLE 2 3 4 5 L R H R L R L R M R R L L L Ammonia parkinaoniana H H L M L L Astrononion inc 111a L L ii.os R B 10.99 B. subaenarenaia mexicana R B M R R R R IB. 38 R L Bolivina plicata R R H M R r R M Pl H H M L Brizalina acuminata R L M L L H R L M H L L L Brizalina acutula L R H M L R R B 17.63 H R 11.7f H M L L R 10.1" Cancris auricula 13.71 H M L H L 11.If R R M L Cancris panamensia R R R R L L H 12.79 Cassidulina braxilicnsis R R L 12.1! ib.o: R R R R 18. 88 R L 14.6' M M Cassidulina delicate L R 21.02 R R R R R M L M M R Cassidulina sp L R L M M L M L Cibicides fletcheri H R R R L L L R R R H 15.38 Dyocibicidea ap 1 H M 18. 6f R R L 15.23 15. 51 Epistominella bradyana R R 13.5! R R M R R 1 R R Epistommella amlthl______1 L R R M H M R 10. 5( M Florilus baaiapinatua B H M R M B M R L H L R 61.4s) L H R R L B 26.19 34.28 46.29 18.55 13.92 Hanzawaia mexicana R B 26.4752.87 57.4i B R 52.25 56.29 14.9$ 45. Bf 61-3( IB.96 17. 73 R Hanzawaia nitidula 24.79 57. 7( R R B Miliolinella oblonga B L R R 27.7! 28.74 H R H R R 22.53 B R R R L R R R peneroplis bradyi R R R M B L B R M M R L Planulina ornata R R B R M M R B B R M I* B L R R puinqueloculina compta R B B M M M PI H B B R L q. lamarckiana ■ H L L R M R 14.13 M L R M L R Textular ia occidentalia L R M B R L u H L R L M R R Textular ia achencki ■ L B L L “ L R R Textularla ap R R 20.33 Triloculina trigonula H 12.58 R x» L6. 72 Uvigerina excellena H 15.31 13.08 M M B Uvigerina incilia H R 10.65 R Valvulineria mexicana TABLE 7 DISTRIBUTION OF THE LIVING SPECIES IN THE GULF DF TEHUANTEPEC AT 5 PERCENT ABUNDANCE LEVEL. R = <51, L>5-1Ol, H=15-20i. A 1 4 6 selected and listed in table 7. Their percentages were classified as rare, low, moderate or high. Those percentages greater than 20 % were numerically recorded. Hanzawaia nitidul£ is the most abundant species on the continental shelf, making up more than 50 % of the living population in twelve of the samples. In deeper waters, other species begin to dominate. For instance, Brizalina acut^ula constitutes 24 . 96 % in sample 4, while Cancris a££i££i.a reaches a 22 . 22 % abundance in sample 5. Gyroidina altiformis shows a 60.0 % abundance in sample 10, and Uviger ina i nc i1i s constitutes 23.08 % of the population found alive in sample 22. As in figure 24 for Campeche, figure 26 shows the distribution of the most abundant species in the Gulf of Tehuantepec. However, due to the dominance of Ha£*a*aia n££i_du_la in the region, more than three species were considered in the drafting of the figure. There are basically three assemblages in the Gulf of Tehuantepec. In water depths of 9-50 m, the coastal margin assemblage includes: Hanzawaia nitidula , Cancris auricula, Quinqueloculina lamarckiana, H_££££*£££ mexicana and Florilus EEE££P£EE£HE • The second assemblage contains HaEE£*aia nitidula, Planulina °££aE£' 2a£££i£ aE£iSEla and Quinqueloculina lamarckiana and is located in deeper water (between 50-100 m) in the southeast portion of the Gulf FIG. 26 SPECIES DOMINANCE PATTERN IN THE GlILF OF TEHUANTEPEC. *4 1 4 8 The third assemblage is made up of ^nzawaia ni_££dula, (although less dominant than in the other assemblages) , Hjanz awaia d' Cassidulina delicata , Cancris panamens i s and Va l^v u 1 iner i. a mexicana and is located at depths within the 50-100 m range, but further west than assemblage 2. Both located at depths exceeding 100m, samples 10 and 22 contain other species such as Gyroidina altiformis and d££2£££££ which surpass Hanzawaia nitidula in abundance. Based on water depth, there are 2 faunal associations: one for the Centra 1-Outer Shelf ( 50-170 m): Bolivina subaenarensis mexicana Gyroidina altifomis Brizalina acuminata Hanzawaia nitidula Brizalina acutula Trifarina bella Cassidulina braziliensis Uvigerina incilis Cassidulina corbyi Valvulineria mexicana Cassidulina delicata and one for the Inner Shelf (< 50 m): Lagena cf. L. filicosta Cibicides fletcheri Textularia occidentalis Q. lamarckiana Ammonia parkinsoniana Cancris auricula Hanzawaia mexicana Hanzawaia nitidula Eponides antillarum Flor ilus basispinatus 1 4 9 Cluster analysis Figure 27 shows the dendrogram obtained for the living fauna in the Gulf of Tehuantepec. Two major clusters and a subcluster can be observed. It appears that the grouping criterion for the dendrogram follows the distribution of the species Hanzawaia nitidula rather than the distribution of the sediments. When sediment distribution was compared with the cluster arrangement, no meaningful pattern was found. Cluster A groups all the samples in which the relative percentage of the dominant species is greater than 50 %. Subcluster C, within cluster A, segregates those "cluster A " samples w h i c h,a r e located in the north-western corner of the sampling area. Cluster B groups the samples which contain a low percentage o f Hanzawaia nitidula. Spatial distributions of living/dead ratios were plotted in figures 28 and 29 in order to compare trends based on water depth for both regions. In Campeche (Fig. 28), the ratio generally increases in an offshore direction, whereas the number of living specimens per cc varies. An increased number of living organisms in deep waters could be due to the more stable environmental conditions that characterize the area. When the distributions of the sediments and the living/dead ratios are compared (Fig. 9), a relationship between grain size and living faunal abundance can be noted 5 O FIG. 27 Q-MODE CLUSTER DIAGRAM: GULF OF TEHUANTEPEC LIVING FAUNA. 1 5 1 In the eastern region, where sand-sized particles are dominant, living populations are rather sparse. However, toward the west where muds and silts make up the substrate, higher proportions of the living fauna aree found . Murray (1971) suggested that mud-silt sized particlesr t i c 1 e s trap more organic matter than larger-sized particles and,a nd, hence,h tend to enhance the food source potencial ofo f the substratesu bst rate. (Trask, 1953; Lipps,1983). Furthermore, Phleger (1956,1964:28-30) mentioned that living populations of considerable size are present in lagoons and nearshore areas. This is especially evident in transects six and seven, where the Laguna de Terminos and the San Pedro, San Pablo and Grijalva Rivers are in close proximity. It is possible that rivers supply some materials, like vitamins and trace minerals, that indirectly enhance the development of the food source, or that this particulate matter may have some direct nutritive value for the organisms themselves. Likewise, low percentages for the living population in the eastern region of the Gulf of Campeche can be explained by the absence of rivers on the Yucatan Peninsula. In samples from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, the percentage of the living fauna increases in a seaward direction (Fig. 17). Once again, this suggests that areas characterized by stable environmental conditions are able to sustain a greater living population. However, there is a disruption in this trend in samples 4, 8 and 15, collected at 50-60 m water depth. FIG. II PERCENTAGE OF THE LIVING FAUNA ANO NUMBER OF SPECIMENS/CC IN THE GULF OF CAUPECHE SAMPLES. FIG. Z9 PEeCEWTAGE CF THE LIVING FAUNA ANO NU118EP CF SPECIMENS/CC IN THE GULF OF TEHUANTEPEC SAMPLES. 1 54 These samples show a marked decrease in the living population. The gap may represent the shelf-slope break at the edge of the platform (Fig. 5), or simply an increase in water mass salinity (Fig. 8). When regional sediment distribution in figure eleven was compared to the seaward increase in the percentage of living fauna, no clear relationship was noticeable. In summary, when the living/dead ratios are compared, it can be concluded that the Gulf of Campeche is an area of higher productivity than the Gulf of Tehuantepec. TOTAL FAUNAS Gulf of Campeche In Campeche, 279 species constitute the total assemblage. In addition to the living species previously discussed, Ammonia parkinsoniana, Bolivina minima , £m 1 JLa elegant issima, Hanzawaia concentr ica , Mi liolinella californica, Mi_ 1 ic> .l^ne l^a ' ^eoc ono£b .i n a and lamarckiana are common. In the total assemblage, 50 species are present at the five percent abundance level in at least one sample. These species are listed in table 8 in which their relative abundances were ranked as rare, low, moderate or high. The distribution of the total fauna basically follows that of the living one already discussed. However, in this case, miliolids are better represented, showing increased dominance especially toward the east. Agglutinated forms are also more abundant in the eastern portion of the Gulf. Species that exhibit high percentages in the living fauna also exhibit higher percentages in the total assemblage. Cluster analys is From the dendrogram produced for the total fauna (Fig. 30), three groups can be distinguished. Group A clusters all of the deep-water samples from 144 to 586 m. Cluster B groups the remainder of the samples, which were collected 1 5 5 It 13 14 IS ,6 17 18 IS 20 21 22 sample 123 4 5 6 7 * s 10 12 a k k a k a a B Amsonis parkinsonians B B k k H a Axanotcalar is psaudospi rslift a 15.13 k B k ftstsnoerin* csrinsts k B a n H k H a k 14.13 10.37 Bt9«n«(ina ucsftularis 14.02 M k « 17. 50 LI.34 k ft k 14. 4b k 22.20 11.00 1-02 71.25 B IB. 12 bollvina lowwri ------k B >4.5* a a a ,0. 71 a bollvma siniM M k k bolivina oidinaiia a F a a 10. 70 a n a H k 0.11 bollvina auoaanaransi» acitcaaa F k a bolivina alaxananaia F 11 a B B B a B H fcull.IA.il. 5ii.sfiSfilll5.ii------_B — a a H B k k k k H 17.31 k M L3.ll a M Caaaidulina curvata H a 14. 40 74.02 a k a B a F. Csssidulins suoqloooas 11.22 k k k k k k k a k M k Cioicidaa (loridsnus B a k k k 7. 72 H Cioicidsi to ft Discord* roaaa ------a a F. B a B ”k H k H a a Elpfiidiua aacavatua M M a a L k H B 11.41 k k H ft k Eipnidiua poayanuB k k M a M ft a a k k 10.0a k a a H M M Epiaioaiinalla axiyua a n B M 1 a a k a a a H a» k B a k k H B 1.52 a a ft Eponidat tumdulu* a k ft a _ — - B k k k a a Eponidss ttujxM a a B F B k B ■ B Fursanfcoins pontonj k ft k a B Caval inopaia pr*«9«ri H a B Cyroidina orbicularia k k a a k k k k B Hansawaia concantrica k a k » I _k_ 11. L U.«! X_ k k k I — K _ a H 10.32 B llluliill) ncicrM.i_iu.mil.------1 - H H a k B k B ■ Hi 1 id inalla callfornica a a B Hiliolinalla ■icroatoaa a B B k B a k k a 14.44 B B Hiliolinalla obi009a B B a k k a k a Maoconorbina tsrquant k k k a bodooacularlalla atlantica 12.11 a IB. 23 B k bodooacularralla cassia k 11.00 k 10. 14 k B MoOooac ular isl la aaxicana k H k B a k k H 1 bonionalla atlantica L k k k Oaangularla cultur L a 1 11 = 51 a FanaroplH protsou* Jl 13. »C 1 B pi •copail ins canoatfna k FI anorbulins aaditarranana ia a n n k a k Flsnulins nars a B B a k _------Quinque local ina bicorms H k ______a a a k ft Qjinquslocalins coapta — a k 10.04 a 12.04 ■ a B Quinqualocultas laaarckiana a L Qu nquel ocul ins usisnarl a k M M F k a Botslias auaaanaia a k B — i19»oi 1 inops is flintn r » Ll_ taati ■*(■»*>>• __li a a k ft k Tasttilaraa candaiana ft B k L a a k B a L B a ft Tniarina oalla L k a a k Dviqanns balluls k a a a Uv19a1ina hiapidocoatata N a k M k k a a Uvi9 TABLE 8 DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES at 5 PERCENT ABUNPANCE LEVEL UITHIN THE TOTAL POPULATIONS IN THE GULF OF CAMPECHE. R = < II LH-31, M«3-5I, H=5-JOI. 33 34 35 36 32 31 39 40 41 S A M P t E 23 24 25 26 22 21 29 31 31 32 35. 5J k 16. 02 a a B 11.45 26. 32 a Aaaonia parkinsonian* k Aassoacalar ia paaudoapir*1 is k a L a N M L L Aster 19*110* car mats H k a L • k B k B L a B>9*n*rina irr*9ul*ris M J4 k M a M B B B N c M H B bolivina lownanl ------N M 10.6 a L k B B R B Bolivina aimaa B Bolivina ordinaria bolivina suoa«naran*is aexicana Bolivina alazansnaia a a a B R 26-40 B * B k a Bulioinalla ©aaaandoHansi* k— B a Cassidulina curvata k k k a 11.51 k B LS. 55 N k N 17.0! k k Cassidulina sut^looosa ** • L L Cibicides floridanus M L H M L M N B 25.55 Cibicides 10 M L a Discorbis roses .. — M k M H k B M 11. 42 10. 34 M a a Clpbidiuo eacsvatuo M M N H k H a L L k k 23.53 M M 24. 6' Clpnidiu* povyanuo L L B L a Spistooina1la aaifua L L k Cportidas tuaidulua k ______N H M t a t.taidj.------M a —i---- I, L R M N B k Cavsliaopais pr safari k Cyroidina orbicular is B a k k N M k B B B k a B Mansawaia concantr ica L N M M B B k B B B N M k k L L lslaadisll* norcroaai australis N k a k H N N H B L L L a Hiliolinalla californica B B B B B L k B k a Nil iol mall* aicroatooa • k M B k B n k k I I k B a a B k N B L k B L Nil iol ma 11a oblonqs k B k k ■ 0. 54 M a L baoconorbin* tarquani ______ a ^ .J r r r . ro-iK^b-tr .i »n»111 atlantic* ______B I ——— L Modooacularrails cassis B Modooacular1*11* •**!«*»* k k B B B k 14. 24 k M 1 ■ L Noniooalls atlaatica N B 1302 0*a*«ularia cal tar L 16. 5! ____ B Hi.iopm pioi.««______— k B N Blacopnllma c anooar a B M ■ ■ Flanorbulina naditarranansi» B B k k k B k rianulina oars k ■ B N B B a __L-h ------Quinquelocal ma sicorsis k » k i — k par aya loc alias coopts a _JL_ __ E _ M N N ■ k k B k B B k k Quinque localina laaarctian* B 1 N k M B B k B • k B B a B k Oj1.4u.loe.l1M «•>•««< 1 k 11.< 25- T 24. 11.51 B B L B a k 2)1 Bosal m« suasanais B I N__ *• Si9*01linopaia fliatii _JL_ k t- _L_ JL- I N Soc it a* o^iinalis I B k k Textular ia caMeiasa B a L L k B k L N B B Trlfarina aalla N B l INiifarina ballaia B k WifWiM Bispidocoaiaia ■ Uv iqer ma par »1( ma TABLE S, cortt F OF CAMPECHE TOTAL FAUNA. FIG. 30 2-HOVE CLUSTER DIAGRAM: GUL 1 5 9 from depths of less than 100 m. Cluster C, a subcluster of B, groups all the shallow samples which have a high CaCO3 content ( > 95 %). There is also a good correlation between the clustering and the grain-size distribution. For cluster A, clays and very fine silts are the dominant sediments, while Cluster B represents a substrate composed of intermediate sized grains. Samples dominated by sands are grouped together in Cluster C. Gulf of Tehuantepec In Tehuantepec, 132 species comprise the total fauna. In addition to the living species previously discussed, wide1y-occurring species that are present in more than fifteen samples are: Bu cc e11 a tene££_ima , Epistominella br adyana , Z££££i®££2. ££h££EJS£ and Z££j.£££££ At the five percent abundance level, 30 species were selected and listed in table 9 , in which their relative abundances were ranked as rare, low, moderate or high. Some species are quite abundant ( > 5 %) in the total assemblage, but make up less than five percent of the living fauna. For example, Boliv_ina £Hcata comprised 18.38 % of the total population in sample 10, while over 21 % of sample 8 was composed of Cassidulina sp. Other species such as Astronon ion incilis, Miliolinella ulina £2mp£2' 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 SAMPLE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 R R R Ammonia parkinsonians R R R L R R L M L R R R B. subaenaranaia aexicana r 20. 0( R R R Brizalina acuainata R R R L R R Brizalina acutula R R 24.4(5 M M R R R R 22. 22 R R L R R R R J Cancns auricula R R L R R Cancris panamensis M Cassidulina brazilienais R 20.0( Cassidulina corbyi L R R R R Cassidulina delicata R R R L Cassidulina tortuosa R R R R R R R L Cibicidesfletcheri R R R R R R R Epistominella bradyana R R R R 24.39 R R R Eponides antillarum R R R R L R Florilus basispinatus R R R R R 60.0( R R Gyroidina altiforaia 20.00 R R L Hanzawaia berthelothi L R L L L M 26.1J 22.22 Hanzawaia aexicana R L R 60.00 63.64 51-83 60.98 73.08 82.42 3i. o: 31. 46 62.3477. 50 69. 51 Hanzawaia nitidula 37.82 57.69 75.28 34-96 55.56 64.1C L R R Lagena cf.L.Cilicostata L R M R R R R R R R R L R R q. laraarckiana L M R Textularla occidentalis H R R R R R Trifanna bella L R L 23.08 Uvigerina incilia R R N 20. 0C Valvulineria aexicana 5 PERCENT ABUNDANCE LAVEL WITHIN TABLE 9 DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES at THE TOTAL POPULATIONS IN THE GULF OF TEHUANTEPEC. R = < 11, L=1-3i, M=3-5%, H=5-10%. 6 0 1 6 1 schencki , Z£££Hi££££ sp. an^ Uviger ina excel lens exhibit low percentages (less than 5 %) in the living fauna but attain single-sample abundance when the total fauna is considered. Nevertheless, the pattern of species dominance in the total fauna exhibits the same trends as that of the living fauna. Cluster analysis In figure 31, the dendrogram representing the total fauna in the Gulf of Tehuantepec reveals three main groups. Cluster A includes all the near-shore samples except for samples 5 and 11. Cluster B groups the samples located offshore in water depths ranging from 40 to 64 m. Cluster C groups the samples located farthest from shore in water depths of 52 to 18 0 m. Cluster B, which includes samples 4, 7, 13 and 20, seems to demarcate the shelf-break. Similar patterns were observed when the Shannon-Wiener Index and the living/dead ratio were considered. When comparing sediment distribution to the cluster structure, no relationship was evident. Comparisons: Living vs Total: Taking into account all of the samples studied , living specimens comprise 65 % of the total fauna in Campeche while those in the Tehuantepec region constitute 53 %. FIG. 31 Q-MOVE CLUSTER DIAGRAM: GULF OF TEHUANTEPEC TOTAL FAUNA 1 6 3 These percentages are higher than those reported by Phleger (1951) and Shifflett (1961), who studied samples in the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico and calculated values of 40 % and 35 % for Campeche and Tehuantepec, respectively. It is possible that these differences are due to the staining techniques used. Walker and collaborators (1974) demonstrated that Sudan Black "B" specifically stains lipids in the protoplasm of the foraminifera. This makes it a more reliable indicator of living tissue than Rose Bengal, which has generally been more widely used as an organic stain. The difference between the living and total assemblages can be explained as follows. Since the total population includes both the dead and the living populations together, the number of species will be lower when the living fauna is considered alone. Other explanations that account for these differences are the differential rates of test secretion, post-mortem transport, and selective dissolution (Douglas, 1 979 ) . In general, the clustering can be clearly correlated with water depth in both areas, particularly with the total fauna. In Campeche , the cluster analysis performed on the living fauna showed a good correlation with sediment distribution. In Tehuantepec , however, the clearest correlation involved the distribution of a dominant species SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS In the Gulf of Campeche, 279 species were identified in water depths ranging from 9 to 586 m. In the Gulf of Tehuantepec, in water depth of 20 to 180 m, 132 species were found. In the Gulf of Campeche, Shannon-Wiener values varied from 2.31 to 4.02 among the total fauna, and from 1.10 to 3.71 in the living fauna, indicating that this area shows a higher diversity than that of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. However, living and total faunas in both areas follow the same diversity trends according to water depth. Values for number of species (S) and Shannon-Wiener function central and outer shelves The Shannon-W i ener diversity a slight decrease in the upper bathyal zone. Even though Tehuantepec samples show less diversity, the fauna shows a better distribution in terms of evenness of the assemblage as water depth increases. Diversity trends obtained here could be explained by the Time Stability Theory (Sanders, 1968). In shallow waters (less than 50 m), variability of the environment, in terms of water temperature, salinity and upwelling conditions, is high. In the central and outer shelves, however, conditions are thought to be more stable or predictable; higher species diversities are observed. 1 6 4 1 6 5 In the Gulf of Campeche, there are three assemblages based on water depth. In nearshore waters (less 50 m) , 2222212 parkinsoniana, Bolivina 1222221' £2221121122 22E2l2b222 , Elph id ium poeyanum, 1E221122 an££££a£um , 522222212 concentrica, Nonionella 2£l22£l22 , Qu£ng£e£oc£2£na lamarckiana and Rosalina 22222221® are the most common spec ies found. In the central and outer shelf regions, the following species are common: Bolivina 1222221' Cassidulina 22b2l2b222' 5EE21122 turgidus , 5222222.12 222222lll22' 511l2ilE2ll2 californica • 1221.22222 22112 and 221222222 22^12^-2 • Finally, in the upper bathyal zone, 52.11x122 an i , 5°llXl22 2l2l22' £2221521 i2a 22b2l2b22a ' Eponides £22152122' Eponides £212.1522' £2X2ll2EE2l2 E1222211' £2223212212 221122' Uvigerina b 2.11212 and Cv iger ina E22232122 are the species which occur most often. Within the Gulf of Campeche, several regional assemblages are present. Bolivina lowmani dominates the western area, known as Campeche Bay, while Cassidulina s u bg1obos a dominates deep waters to the east. The association of 2222212 par kinsoniana, E£p££d££m 222222222 and Bolivina lowmani occurs toward the SE corner of the Gulf. E£phidium poeyanum is dominant in the area in front of Laguna de Terminos. Ar chaias angulatus, 122222E112 groteus, 5l2221b2ll22 med i ter r anensis and Rosalina suezensis are abundant in the shallow, CaCOj-rich waters of the SE portion of the Gulf. In the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Hanzawaia nitidula is the most 1 6 6 dominant as well as one of the most nearly ubiquitous species. Its dominance decreases with water depth to about 150 m, where Gyroidina a 1 ti_£o£m£ s and Uv££e££na ££C£l_£S begin to dominate the assemblage. In Tehuantepec, there are three assemblages based on water depth. On the inner shelf, in water depths ranging from 9-50 m, Hanzawaia t£it£du£a , Ca nc r i s auricula, Quinqueloculina 2l£££££2S££££ , H££££*£££ ££££££££ an<3 Zi£££i££ £££££?££££££ are dominant. In the central and outer shelf areas, H££££*£££ nitidula, £££££££££ ££££££i£££i' 2££££££i£££ ££i££££?' 2££££i£ panamens is and Valvu1ina ££££££££ are present from 50 to 150 m water depth. Toward the eastern part of the central and outer shelves, »££££££££ ££££££.££' Planulina ornata, Canc££S ££££££i£ and 2£££3££i£££i££a. i££a££££a££ are found. The cluster analysis indicates a good correlation between faunal distribution and water depth, particularly in terms of the total fauna of both areas. For the living fauna in Campeche, sediment distribution was correlated with faunal distribution. In Tehuantepec, however, the distribution of the dominant species Hanzawaia nitidula apparently is the main influence on the structure of the clustering 1 6 7 PLATE 1 Fig. 1 Ammoscalaria pseudospiralis, sample 12, 75x Fig. 2 Placopsilina cenomana, sample 13, 38x Fig. 3 Textularia candeiana, sample 39, 175x Fig. 4 Bigenerina irregularis, sample 12, 38x Fig. 5 Nodobaculariella atlantica, sample 14, 75x Fig. 6 Nodobaculariella cassis, sample 40, 38x Fig. 7 Nodobaculariella mexicana, sample 14, 75x Fig. 8 Nodobaculariella mexicana, sample 14, lOOx Fig. 9a Quinqueloculina bicornis, sample 36, 250x 9b Quinqueloculina bicornis, sample 36, 250x Fig. 10a Quinqueloculina compta, edge view, sample 12, 175x 10b Quinqueloculina compta, sample 12, lOOx Fig. 11a Quinqueloculina lamarckiana, sample 12, lOOx lib Quinqueloculina lamarckiana, edge view, sample 12, lOOx Fig. 12a Quinqueloculina weisneri, sample 40, 250x 12b Quinqueloculina weisneri, sample 40, 250x 1 6 8 11b 1 6 9 PLATE 2 Fig. la Miliolinella californica, sample 12, 175x lb Miliolinella californica, sample 12, 175x Fig. 2a Miliolinella oblonga, sample 12, 250x 2b Miliolinella oblonga, sample 12, 250x Fig. 3a Miliolinella microstoma, sample 30, 250x Fig. 4a Peneroplis proteous, juvenil, sample 40, lOOx 4b Peneroplis proteous, aperture view, sample 40, lOOx Fig. 5 Peneroplis proteous, adult stage, sample 40, lOOx Fig. 6 Sorites marginalis, sample 12, 25x Fig. 7 Islandiella norcrossi australis, sample 28, 500x 7b Islandiella norcrossi australis, sample 28, 500x Fig. 8 Sigmoilinopsis flintii, sample 12, 75x Fig. 9 Bolivina minima, sample 22, 250x Fig. 10 Bolivina ordinaria, sample 20, 175x Fig. 11 Bolivina lowmani, sample 20, 250x 0 11 1 7 1 PLATE 3 Fig. 1 Bolivina subaenarensis mexicana, sample 22, lOOx Fig. 2 Bulimina alazanensis, sample 20, 175x Fig. 3a Buliminella bassendorfensis, sample 26, 250x 3b Buliminella bassendorfensis, sample 26, 250x Fig. 4 Uvigerina bellula, sample 26, 175x Fig. 5 Uvigerina peregrina, sample 27, 250x Fig. 6 Trifarina bella, sample 12, 175x Fig. 7 Fursenkoina pontoni, sample 12, 175x Fig. 8a Cassidulina subglobosa, sample 11, 250x 8b Cassidulina subglobosa, sample 35, 375x Fig. 9a Eponides tumidulus, dorsal view, sample 27, 375x 9b Eponides tumidulus, ventral view, sample 27, 375x Fig. 10a Eponides turgidus, dorsal view, sample 11, 500x 10b Eponides turgidus, apertural view, sample 11, 375x 10c Eponides turgidus, ventral view, sample 11, 375x 1 7 2 1 7 3 PLATE 4 Fig. 1 Discorbis rosea, dorsal view, sample 41, lOOx lb Discorbis rosea, ventral view, sample 41, lOOx Fig. 2 Epistominella exigua, sample 20, 250x Fig. 3 Gavelinopsis praegeri, sample 20, 250x Fig. 4a Neoconorbina terquemi, dorsal view, sample 12, 250x 4b Neoconorbina terquemi, ventral view, sample 12, 250x Fig. 5a Rosalina suezensis, dorsal view, sample 18, 375x 5b Rosalina suezensis, ventral view, sample 18, 375x Fig. 6a Planulina mera, dorsal view, sample 12, lOOx 6b Planulina mera, ventral view, sample 12, lOOx Fig. 7a Cibicides floridanus, dorsal view, sample 29, 50x 7b Cibicides floridanus, ventral view, sample 29, 50x Fig. 8a Cibicides io, edge view, sample 12, lOOx 8b Cibicides io, ventral view, sample 12, lOOx 1 7 5 PLATE 5 Fig. 1 Planorbulina mediterranensis, sample 12, 75x Fig. 2a Asterigerina carinata, ventral view, sample 12, 175x 2b Asterigerina carinata, edge view, sample 12, 175x Fig. 3a Gyroidina orbicularis, dorsal view, sample 20, 175x 3b Gyroidina orbicularis, ventral view, sample 20, 175x Fig. 4 Nonionella atlantica, sample 12, 175x Fig. 5a Osangularia cultur, ventral view, sample 20, 75x 5b Osangularia cultur, dorsal view, sample 20, 75x Fig. 6a Hanzawaia concentrica, ventral view, sample 12, lOOx 6b Hanzawaia concentrica, dorsal view, sample 12, lOOx Fig. 7a Elphidium poeyanum, sample 12, 175x 7b Elphidium poeyanum, edge view, sample 12, 175x Fig. 8a Elphidium excavatum, edge view, sample 14, 175x 8b Elphidium excavatum, sample 14, 175x Fig. 9a Ammonia parkinsoniana, ventral view, sample 14, 175x 9b Ammonia parkinsoniana, dorsal view, sample 14, 175x 1 7 6 1 7 7 PLATE 6 Fig. 1 Placopsilina bradyi, sample 13, lOOx Fig. 2 Textularia occidentalis, sample 11, 38x Fig. 3 Textularia schencki, sample 20, lOOx Fig. 4 Textularia sp, sample 6, lOOx Fig. 5a Quinqueloculina compta, sample 6, 250x 5b Quinqueloculina compta, edge view, sample 6, 250x Fig. 6 Quinqueloculina lamarckiana, sample 20, lOOx Fig. 7 Miliolinella oblonga, sample 1, 250x Fig. 8 Triloculina trigonula, sample 20, lOOx Fig. 9 Bolivina plicata, sample 10, lOOx Fig. 10 Brizalina acutula, sample 20, lOOx Fig. 11 Bolivina subaenarensis mexicana, sample 21, 75x 1 7 8 11 1 7 9 PLATE 7 Fig. 1 Brizalina acuminata, sample 21, lOOx Fig. 2 Uvigerina excellens, sample 20, lOOx Fig. 3 Uvigerina incilis, sample 21, 175x Fig. 4 Cassidulina braziliensis, sample 21, 175x Fig. 5a Cancris auricula, dorsal view, sample 20, lOOx 5b Cancris auricula, ventral view, sample 20, lOOx Fig. 6 Cassidulina delicata, sample 20, 250x Fig. 7 Cassidulina sp, sample 9, 250x Fig. 8a Cancris panamensis, sample 339, lOOx 8b Cancris panamensis, sample 339, lOOx Fig. 9a Epistominella bradyana, dorsal view, sample 20, 350x 9b Epistominella bradyana, ventral view, sample 20,350x Fig. 10a Valvulineria mexicana, dorsal view, sample 9, 175x 10b Valvulineria mexicana, ventral view, sample 9, 175x Fig. lla Epistominella smithi, dorsal view, sample 10, 175x lib Epistominella smithi, ventral view, sample 10, 175x 1 8 0 I 9b Fr Set W ~ i W • 7 Av » AtiHB tfa 1 8 1 PLATE 8 Fig. la Cibicides fletcheri, dorsal view, sample 12, lOOx lb Cibicides fletcheri, ventral view, sample 12, lOOx Fig. 2a Dyocibicides sp 1, ventral view, sample 11, 250x 2b Dyocibicides sp 1, dorsal view, sample 11, 250x Fig. 3a Planulina ornata, dorsal view, sample 20, lOOx 3b Planulina ornata, ventral view, sample 20, lOOx Fig. 4 Astrononion incilis, sample 11, 250x Fig. 5a Florilus basispinatus, ventral view, sample 21, 175x 5b Florilus 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NS 18 0 21 ft 41 0 34 0. 1* 0 01 0 74 0 17 0 14 0 04 CAUDBTINA AWf.NABIA 0. 1* 0 II 0.0* 0 *0 1 I* 0.05 ft 04 CAUDBTINA PAUPCRATA o. 1* o 71 0. I* 0. 13 O 17 ------oavelinotbib cahpawvlata 0.21 0.14 OAVCLINOPRIR TURRIMATA 0 74 1 no OLUBOWUMMINA NOP.niOUNDI 0 74 OTBOIDINA ALTIPORMIS 0 28 0. 74 OTBOIDINA QUINQUEIABA 4.31 0 71 4.24 NACU8U.BCI.M NOPOLnUNOI o 77 0 13 1 NANIAWAIA RRRntEMITMt « 17 0 43 0. 12 3.18 2.11 1 70 1 80 1 84 1 44 7 41 AWt-IX T.0, Sp,c.„ pt«„iaje4, TM„, 2 0 0 SAM ? L E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 0 10 i Z O 11 12 13 114 15 Ifi 17 Depth ( m ) o MAMJAVA1A HF.X1CANA 1 . AO A JA 0.57 0.34 1.43 S. IF 1.17 A. 77 1 !• 0 70 NANZAWAIA MJTIDUtA 4.30 J4.FR 3F. 70 52.25 30.24 14.44 45. AB 3 34 3 FI o H A, 30 IS.50 IF. 73 0. 40 A.A3 JA.47 57.A7 57.44 B . AB R a plufiim armoires sf i 0 A3 2A 14 74 2B 4A 74 BI 44 IB SS 1 7 4? LARKNA cr. I.. m.lCOSTA 0 JA 0.21 0. 14 0. IF 0 07 1ARENA ATI1ATA 0 01 0.25 0.04 l^OT.NA FliXA 0 04 0 01 0.17 WORN* IMFLICATA 0.07 0,21 ugf.ha rr.wixwrnA 0.03 j IZ.WT1CUUMA CAICAH 0 IF 0 07 0.24 0 7A 0 74 P P| 1 IZ.WTjrU1.IMA CU1.TR4TSJS 0 10 «. 14 0. 04 0 04 .. n.c? UtRQSTmuw aaamwttfi O 74 0. IA 0 40 1 NI1.1OI.INtl.1A CAt1FORMICA 1 7" 0 11 0. 7S O.IJ 0 so 0. I« 0 12 0 13 P 4P Nlt.IOLI7fF.LIA ONI/7NT.A 1. FA 1.51 0 BA 0.05 7 42 0.32 0. 3A 0 IB NEOCONORB1NA TTRQUtNI 0 13 0 IB 0 IA WOOOOACU1AR Itl.lA Sr 0 02 nwxwaaia ft.rvf.rsa 0 14 0.24 MOOOSARIA SP 0 04 0 ,4 0 OF N0NKMT.I.U 8TT.LIA 0.24 0.03 I.OF 0 27 .7 IF ______HOWlOWtLIA TVWCinA______0 02 n 40 0 FI 0 04 « 77 o. 04 1.51 0.24 3.04 0. 1A 0.12 17 37 FIAMOROULIMA HtMTERRANENSIS 27. 21 2B 74 7 BB « B' FLANULINA ORNATA 1.00 0 13 1. FI A. AO 0.1A 3.44 0 4| 0 45 fullenia salysruru 0 17 3 IO A. .72 0.7? O 33 o. 12 1 14 F 23 0 M p ip TTWOO SUBSFNAER1CA 0 11 0. IS 0. 14 0 0, 0.24 O.M o ,, QUIMQtir.LOCUI.INA AXNERIANA DELIA TV 0. 14 J OUIMQUtLOCULINA COMITA 2 SP 7. 3 40 AB 0.07 5.35 A. 14 0.72 0. 14 QuiNQuri.ncui.jNA iaevioata 0. A7 7 A| 0. 3B 7 44 <1 20 0. 24 1 11 0 A4 0. 12 0 11 QUIWJUtLOCUI.INA LAMARCK 1ANA 0 04 0.25 B.4O I AA 3.24 «.B3 5.45 3.17 0.27 0UIMQUELOCUL1NA TT.NAnos 0. A .7 a oo A . A7 3.57 7 IA 5.41 1 30 3 14 7 00 1.05 0.21 0. AJ 0 21 0 34 0 Si P 74 n.sj 0 24 1.44 0. 21 0 74 0 41 O 0, RP.CTOROt.IMA FACIFICA 0 4A o 34 n 04 0. 14 o f.7 0.14 0 4 7 0.75 0. IA o 7i o 74 ( »tCTOCIRJCIW.R MI0CEN1CVS 0 IF n.37 0 25 0. JA 0.34 4.2A 0. AS REOFRAK AORUFTINATUA 0 OB J FO 0.4oj 0 33 0 14 j REOFNAX CVRTUS I.A4 n.O2 0. 13 0. 30 0.77 0 32 0 17 0 II j RtorwAx ijefressus 0 BA O. 34 RtOPNAX tXCT.NTRICUS 2 11 0.14 0 ?7 " 77 REOFNAX SCORFIURVj 0.34 0. 13 0 70 0.55 1.05 0.57 0 21 1. FA 0.24 o 07 0 27 0 43 0.50 REOFNAX SURFUS IOFROMI S 1.13 0 72 0. 75 1 77 0. JA 0.4J 0 7! 1 14 ------RtVSSF.LLA FACIFICA 0. JA 1.4J 0.43 0 47 0 24 0 31 1.25 0. BA c.u ROSALINA COLUMN ItWSIS 1.30 1. APPEW1X TWO, cont 2 0 1 —SAMPLE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 , 11 12 13 14 15 IE 17 18 19 ?fl ?1 LL22 r^- MD kD AUIAMINA DECORATA + AMMONIA PARKINSONIAN* 1.0* 0. 27 1.40 20.00 7.51 AMMONIA rAUCILOCULAT* 0.32 15 21 0 30 AMMOSCALARIA PSEUDOSPHALIS * 42 0 37 AMPHISTEGINA CIIBOSA 1 77 ARCH*IS ANCULATUS 6.26 ART1CULINA SACRA ASTER IGERINA CARINATA o ns o.ss *6 07 •OLIVINA ALATA 0 30 ROllVINA ALiATHOSST 1.3* 0.46 2.07 fjvivina imm------4.02 I.A* 1 BOLIV1NA FRAGlllS 2.50 1 01 + •OLIVINA LOWMANI 31.ZJ 21.52 4.24 3.31 24.05 20.55 10.00 25.03 17.30 •OLIVINA HINIHA 14.33 22. IS 14.33 4.42 3.33 24. 10 o.sz 22.53 10 33 14.63 2 It 73 OS 3. 10 1.5* 31.S3 13 *2 14 34 11 47 •OLIVINA ORDINARIA 7.33 12 03 11.50 1.04 1.42 13 3S I.A1 2] 61 •OilV IN* STRIATULA 7 33 •OLIVINA ST1IATULA SHNATA 0 00 2. 33 1.41 •OLIVINA SURAENARENSIS MEXICAN 0.52 2.40 5 34 3.06 0.43 0 72 7.23 3.40 3.33 •OLIVINA SU1SPINENSIS 0 30 11.30 4.24 0 72 3 4« 1.3J O.il 1 IS •OLIVINA TIANSLUCENS 0 ts 1. 51 0 *3 1.07 0 33 0 34 I 24 •OLIVINA VARlAttLIS -UilJ 1. JO ■OLIVINJTA RNOMROIDALIS •UCCELLA HANNA I 1.43 I 17 •ULIMIN* ACULEATA 0. 52 0 75 0 *7 •ULIMIN* APTINI5 o.sz 1.03 0.31 0 70 •UIIMINA ALAZANENSIS 1.04 1 0* •ULIMIN* IWTLATA MEXICAN* o ns 1 56 1.03 IJ 23 -+- •ULIMIN* MARCINAT* o ts 1 *0 I.S3 2 02 0 J4 •ULIMINA SPICATA 0 30 <7 72 2.56 2.45 1 36 •ULIMIN* TENUIS______1 53 0 33 1 77 7.37 1.42 2.63 1*1 0 3* 0.43 •ULIHINELLA •ASSEMDORrENSlS 0. 27 •ULIMINELLA ELECANTISSIMA o on 0 47 0.S2 1.34 1.40 6 26 0 52 1.43 1 »3 0 32 0.53 CANCRIS AURICULA 0 47 0.52 2.00 CANCRIS SACRA 120 117 3 37 0 30 P 3* CASSIDULINA CRASSA o ss CASSIDULINA CURVATA 0.52 0 30 3.12 3 06 3.60 0 34 CASSIDULINA LACVICATA 3 IS 2 31 0.43 0 35 0 75 0 3J 2 S3 1 01 CASSIDULINA NEOCARINATA 0.52 1.50 1 55 CASSIDULINA SUSGLOtOSA 6.60 1 77 0.03 2.31 H.2* 3.37 12.43 4.13 3.21 5 47 15.66 12. 74 13 31 23.33 0 53 * 40 * *0 —BMUPHIWIlia Ttxicawa 0.77 2. 17 IS 03 A 2S 20. 73 3.42 7.43 13 73 7 0» * 71 1.0* U/l 11 CHIC IDES CORPULENTUS 0 30 CHICIDES DEPRIMUS CHICIDES TLOR1DANUS 0 4* 5.31 7 53 1.0* 2 7R 1 OS 2 07 CHICIDES 10 *P 3 54 0 30 1 4* o 33 CHICIDES MOLLIS 4.42 4 33 0 70 CLAVULINA TRICARINATA 2 45 0.24 CTCLOGTRA PLANORRIS 0 43 dental,na communis 1.20 dental,na riLiroRMis 0 53 DISC0R1IS rosea 0 53 -C..23. ERRERBCRGINA TRICON* ELPHIDIUM DISC01DALE 0.57 tLPHIDIUM excavatum 0 SS 6 33 3 64 * 61 2 AO 0.52 10 .00 2 43 23* 3 4* ELPHIDIUM PIMSRIATULUM • 72 4- 1.42 tLPHIDIUM GUNTER I 0 . RS ELPHIDIUM POETANUM 0.5? 1.5* 7.05 0.57 0.75 0.4A epistominelu exigua 0 AS 3.33 • 72 12.51 1 37 6.33 1.40 3 03 13 42 EPISTOMINELLA VITREA 5 30 O.*« 4 12 3 A( 1 51 6 20 0.47 4- 70 37 ♦ 8» 7 07 1 3* ----- MTumiw L 2. i1-,. 0.52 k 7 J! 3.00 2 3B ULL eponides tumihulus 1 35 1 73 15* 0.30 1 A* 3.14 7.05 1.35 0 72 1 06 4 72 tPONIDER TURCIDUS 4.30 11.33 12 74 7.57 7 4( I 04 0.77 4 17 3 73 IP 77 2.71 PISSURINA APICUUT* 3.33 ( 7* 7 03 1 37 6 44 0 65 3 37 2 03 7 43 PISSURINA LAEVIGATA 0.3' O.SZ 1.5* PISSURINA LUCIDA 0 30 P 72 PISSURINA MARCINAT* PERPORATA 0.75 PISSURINA ORIICRIYANA 4- 1 *1 PLORILUS ASTRICTA 0 52 0 30 0 33 —n»»twoiw mmcm 0.77 0 51 4 1 “ u-2-L PURSENKOINA PONTON, f >' ' '• 0 52 0 77 4 24 A 26 PURSENKOINA SPINICOSTATA 0 75 0 35 0 SR 0 24 0 33 0 34 PURSENKOINA TtSSELUTA 1 43 0.35 o ts 1 2S OAUDRTINA AEOUA 0 24 OAUDRTINA EXIL18 0 36 0AVEL1MOPSIS PRAECER1 4.14 0.77 OLANDULINA LAEVIGATA 0 52 10 02 IB CLORULINA EQUALIS 3. 13 SR 0 3* CLORULIN* GH»A GUTT ULINA PULCHELLA CVT-TULINA SPICAEFORMIS + 0 47 CYROIDINA ALT I TORN IS 0 47 15 70 CYROIDINA ORBICULARIS 0 *3 NANZAVA1A CONCENTRIC* 12.53 4.2* 0 33 5.31 7.33 C 72 13.43 APPENPIX THREE: 0(5 benthic ^onam. s AMPLE 73 TT 25 ft 27 28 29 30 31 32 : 33 34 35 3G 17 38 39 40 ; 41 00 66 <0 r—N 00 o> rS in CN o m Depth ( m ) 63 63 27 40| 22! 27 A1ABANINA DCCORATA AMMONIA PABK1NS0NIANA 4 13 3.4* 1 01 4.21 24. 71 22.24 38. BO 53.55 AMMONIA pauciloculati IB. 41 z «a in 3.43 AMH0SCALAR1A PSEUDOSPIKALIS AMPKISTIGINA GIBBOSA ARCHAIS AMGUUWJ, 33 73 11 70 21. 74 ARTICULINA SAGRA 0.4J ASTER1GERINA CARINATA BOLIVINA ALATA B 70 BOLIVINA ALBATROSS I BOLIVINA rRAGIL/S 5.53 BOLIVINA LOWMANI • . jj * SI IT. 23 10.B* III 3.B7 1 32 *.*2 11.Bl bolivina minima I. 35 11* II . B4 0 52 13* bolivina ordinaria 4.37 bolivina striatula bolivina striatula spinata 1.11 2.28 bolivina SUBAINARCNSIS MEXICANA 4 37 BOLIVINA SU1SPINENS1S 2. 2B BOLIVINA TRANSLUCENS 0 B| BOLIVINA VARIAIILIS BOLIVINITA rmonboidalis 0 Bl ■UCCELLA MANNA I 4. IS 0.52 BULIMINA ACUUATA BULIMINA ArriNIS BULIMINA ALAZANINSIS BULIMINA INTLATA MEXICANA BULIMINA MARGINATA 2. IB 2.33 2.22 BULIMINA SPICATA 0. 45 I 54 BULIMINA TINUIS BULIMINELLA BASSENDORFtNSIS i. J* 0 43 0 78 III 51.77 I 83 1.27 4 4J 4 B7 7 47 3 4« BULtMINELLA ELEGANT ISS IMA I.TB 0.45 1.07 2. 7B 44 CANCRIS AURICULA 3 0.45 2. IB CANCRIS SACRA 1.34 CASSIDULINA CRASSA CASSIDULINA CURVATA CASSIDULINA LAEVIGATA 3 48 2.2B CASSIDULINA NEOCARINATA ,. JO 1.27 CASSIDULINA SUBGLOBOSA 12 84 3.BI 2.B3 10.84 20.40 4 45 1.85 IB.IB 25.00 4 43 5.BO 22. OB CASS IDULINOIDES MEX1CANUS 2 24 7 47 16.51 33 33 5 *8 CHILOSTOMELLA OOLINA CIBICIDES CORPUUNTUS 1 11 CIBICIDES DEPRIMUS 0.4} CIBICIDES FLORIDANUS 4 1? 1 B3 5 *8 3.33 CIBICIDES 10 I.RJ 3 SI 12. SB 2 83 CIBICIDES MOLLIS 7.47 ’ 17 CLAVULINA TRICARINATA CYCLOGTRA PLANORBIS 0.43 DENTALINA COMMUNIS DENTALINA FILIFORMIS 111 DISCORBIS ROSEA CNRERBERGINA TRICONA A 70 1.11 ELPHIDIUM DISCOIDALE tLPMIDIUM tXCAVATUM B 4| 1.73 7.44 1.11 3 OB 12.04 10 30 2.08 4.4J ELPHIDIUM riMBRIATULUN 4 20 2 2* B.5 ELPHIDIUM GUNTERI 0 43 5 BB ELPHIDIUM ror.TAUUM 1.11 2 35 12.04 2.57 4.14 74 BQ 17 EPISTOMINELLA EXIGUA B 42 3 44 3 48 B.37 2. IB 2 13 111 2.26 EPISTOMINELLA VITREA 3 W 4.37 EPONIDES ANTILLARUM — O.B? 0.52 0 77 111 EPONIDES TUMIDULUS 1.7, 2.IB 1.34 EPONIDES TURGIDUS 3 AA FISSURINA APICULATA 3.31 FISSURINA LAEVIGATA 0 45 FISSURINA LUCIDA 2.21 134 FISSURINA MARGINATA PERFORATA 1.21 FISSURINA ORBIGNYANA 3.44 FLORILUS ASTRICTA 4.41 0.45 1.07 FURSENKOINA LOEBLICHI 1.31 1.34 1.11 0 7B 0.4J J.23 2*0 2 13 0.77 4 21 FURSENKOINA SPINICOSTATA 4 4B 1.27 11 13 FURSENKOINA TESSELLATA 2.37 GAUDRYINA AEOUA 0.77 GAUDRYINA EXI LI 8 1.11 GAVELIW7PSIB PRAECtRI GLANDULINA LAEVIGATA CLOBULINA EQUALIt 1.27 0 4} GLOBULINA GIBBA GUTTULINA PULCHELLA ~ GUTTULTNA SP1CAEP0RMIS 0.52 CYROIDINA ALTIF0RM1S CYROIDINA ORBICULARIS HANZAWAIA CONCENTR ICA B.53 5 33 0.77 0. 7B 4.4] 10.31 4 20 7.4 4 *0 APPENDIX THREE, coni. 2 03 SAMPLE 1 2 EJ 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1? 13 14 15 17 L 1 ko 111 • I 18 19 20 21 27 P'. \O KO HANZAWAIA STRATTON, 3 54 • - 72 wore LUND INA ELECANR 2 71 0 3* HOPKINS,NA PACITICA 0.4, 0 II I. AC ISLANDIELLA NORCROSSI AUSTRALIS 7.BI IB.A, A . 24 I 55 ii. 5: 12 21 0.32 lacena laevis 0.52 0.R1 3.b: *3: 0 50 IS 31 0 34 lacena lagenoides 0.52 lacena nuicana 0.52 1.54 1.4< 0 34 lacena spicata 0.33 0 34 1.41 Lacena sulcata - LAMARCKIANA ATLANTICA 4.24 0 34 laticarenina pauperata — + lenticulina calcar 0. IT 0.52 0.51 LENTICULINA CULTRATUS 0.24 0.3! 0.53 0 <7 lenticulina perecrina 0.77* 0 *4 0.45 lenticulina serpens 0.52 0 IA 0.12 0 31 0 54 lenticulina sp 0 lenticulina sp e lenticulina sp m 0. A4 MARGINULINOPSIS SUIACVLEATA CLA 0 54 MELCW15 IARLEANUS 0.52 0.54 4- LAB O.BS 2.45 NILIOLINELLA CALITORNICA 0.4B< 0 35 0.50, 0. 75 2.B4 MILIOLINELLA MICROSTOMA 2.45 A.OB 0 34 "t MILIOLINELLA OBLONGA I.BB NIOCONORSIMA TERQUEMI 0. JR 2 ,7 I. AO 0 34 I. 77 NODOIACULARIELLA ATLANTICA 4 4R NONIONELLA ATLANTICA 0.77 0*7 4.2* 4 24 10.00 3.73 NONIONELLA GR ATT LOUP I J. 14 1.77 2. 12 o. n 3*2 7 4R NONIONELLA OPIMA 0 RB 3 53 I. AO 10.00 1. 25 LSI 2.44 2.BA 2.40 I. 27 ORIDORSALIS WESTI I 53 1.03 0.22 1.11 0 SB 0 34 OS ANGULAR IA rr.'LTUP 0.72 l_0£ UUJl, OS ANGULAR IA RUGOSA 12. 70 PENEROPLIS PROTEUS PLANORRULINA MEDITERRANENSIS PLANULINA TOVEOLATA 4 .*2 0. 52 10.00 0 52 0 54 PLANULINA MERA 0 RB 5 IS 10 00 1 01 PULLEN IA BULLOIDES 2 45 PULLENIA QUINOUELORA 0 $4 0 $0 0 52 0 75 0 3* I 34 PTRGO NASUTA 5. IB 0.41 0.52 0.A4 0 $3 PTRGO SUBSPHAERICA 1.77 0 73 0 47 OUINQUELOCULINA SEMINUBA 0 44 OUINQUELOCULINA TIPVORDI 1.74 OUINQUELOCULINA WEISNERI 2.12 1.40 hamulina globulitora 0 47 RECTOBOLIVINA advena 0 33 REctobolivina limbata 3.53 0.47 RECTOBOLIVINA MATOHI REUSS ELIA ATUlNTICA 0 BI 4.24 0.47 0. 75 hosalina iulbosa O.SH 0 17 I . SB hosalina FLORiDrNsn 0 A« 0. 52 HOSALINA SUBARAUCANA 0.7$ 10 00 ROSALINA SUEZENSIS 1.77 2 BO 0 52 0 BO SAGRINA PULCHELLA 3.5$ 2.04 2 44 0 AR 1 AA 1 47 1 IB 0.52 1 40 0.4» 1 4R SARACENARIA AMPLA 0.75 0.4$ 0 BO 0 3* SARACENARIA MEXICANA OBI 0 74 0.3* SEABROOKIA EARLANDI 0.52 0.35 so* 12.*5 2.0$ 0 44 0 17 SIOMAVIRGULINA TORTUOSA I.M 0 44 2.44 2 45 0.51 2 IA 0 S3 SIGMOILINA TtNUlS SIPHONINA IRADTANA 0 SB SORITES MARC1NALIS 2 40 1 77 £2J 4 2* 0.34 SPIRILLINA VIVIPARA 0 14 SPIROLOCULINA COMMUNIS 0 54 SH1RO8ICM0IL1NA ANTILLARUM SPIROSIGMOILINA DISTORTA TEXTULARIA CANOE,ANA 1.20 0 A5 0 33 + TR1TAHIHA BELLA 1 41 0.34 2.80 10 00 TRIFARINA bradyi 2.4$ 4 OB TRILOCULINA FITTEREI HENIHCOl O.BR C.Bfl TRILOCULINA trioomula 0 AR 0.52 trocmammina ADVENA 0 35 0 50 trochammina ochracea UVIGERINA BELLULA 0 $ 0.75 UVIGERINA HISPIDOCOSTATA 3 40 3 54 0.74 0 51 4.*5 UVIGERINA PERECRINA 0 34 2 0? 1.04 1.74 3. BA 3*0 VALVULINERIA LAEVIGATA 1.44 1 24 4 14 2 OS 5 32 2 A4 VALVULINERIA MEXICANA 11.1C 2 • 4 *0 4 72 1.04 0 34 1 04 1 0, VEISNERELIA AURICULATA 4. IB e 34 APPENDIX THREE, c.ont. 2 0 4 SAMPLE 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 40 41 00 00 r^ co o £ Depth ( m ) m CM co 63 o 63 CN 22 •—< »——< 1 — RANIAVAIA STRATTON 1 I. SI 111 NOECLUND INA I LACANS HOFF I NS INA PACIFICA IS LAND I ELLA NORCROSS 1 AUSTRALIS i.pj a.PA 3 OS 11 IP 1 OS VAGINA LAIV18 S 30 4 >1 P IA 0.11 3 AS LACtHA LAGINOIDIS IAOTNA WXICANA UCENA SPICATA LAGtNA SULCATA LAMARCRIANA ATLANTIC* LARYNOOSIGNA LACTTA 0 J? UT1CAREMINA PAUPCKATA LIVTICULINA CALCAR i.n its UNTICULINA CUITBATVS LENTICULINA PCRECRINA LENTICULINA SCRPCNt LENTICULINA SP 0 LENTICULINA SP I U!fTICUllHA SP R ^*CtNULIHQP3IS SUIACVLEATA CLA 0 77 Nt LON 11 IARLEANUS 0 .00 0 17 NIL10LINCLLA CALITORNICA J.11 P so S.OA i. ii t.10 3 OS 0 SA • AP • PA MILIOLINELLA MICROSTOMA 3 10 » SI 3 A* • SI 1 1* 1 3k O.kS 1 SS TILIOLINCLLA OSLONCA 0.10 A IS 3 OS 3 SS Ilk 0 1| 3.10 1 27 VEOCONOtltNA TTRgVENI 2 IA 7 4* P S3 * SS P OS lOOOSACULAtltLLA ATLANTICA 0 SI 0 kJ i. it RONIONTLLA ATLANTICA 3 11 J PO k at 11A II to 1 OS l.M 10 13 3k NONIONELLA CRATT LOOP 1 N k SI S SI l.PO 0 ks 1 S3 0.7P NONIONELLA OP I MA J SP 2 PI S.AS 1 3k in 2.11 3 OS 1 IS ORIPORSALIS VEST I ui OSANCULARIA CULTUR OSANCUURIA RUGOSA PtNEROPLU PROTTUS PLANORSULINA MtOtTTRRANENSU ll in II OS IS Ok PLANULINA FOVTOLATA S 41 P IS PI Pk PLANULINA NCRA 0 SP 1 SS PVLUNlA RULLOIOtS I Al PVLUNIA QUINQUILORA III PYRGO NASUTA s. tl 1 ll 0 SI ------FT1Q0 SUSSPMACRICA 3 IP 1 13 _J2J2 OUINCUTLOCULINA IICORNIS QUINQUELOCULINA ll COS TATA k IS QUINQUTLOCULINA CANDEIASA 9 IS 0 AS 0 JP I II k ss OLTNOUTLOCULI NA COMPTA : n Ot INQUILOCULINA LAMARCTIAXA 1 31 2 *1 3 IS O'. INOUCLOCULJVA POCYANA ‘41 P PI 0 SP • >0 C*.'INQUELOCULI SA POLYGON* 0.P7 • 31 Ot INQUT LOCULI KA SCUROTICA ------flU’WIWWl.lM KM'-vda 0 AS ROSALINA SUIARAUCANA 0 AS s ■“ o tl I 0* 0 77 1 77 k ii SI AO 30 IP IA PS SACRINA PULCWIUA 0 AS 7 >4 SA Ml i 1J 1 1* 1 II 1 tl SARACCWARIA AHPLA ) M o si 1 Al SARACENARIA MEXICANA SEABROOKIA EARLAND) I.Pi 1 II k SS 1.17 SICMAV1R0ULINA TORTUOSA P 74 SIGMOILINA TENUIS 3 A« k S3 P IS 0 77 SIPHONINA IRAPTANA SIPHONINA PULCMRA l.Ak 0. 77 SORITES MARC INALIS 0 SP SPIROLOCULINA COMMUNIS 111 S A* S A 0 AS 0 IP III SPIROSIOMOILINA ANTILURUN SPIRORICMOILINA DISTORTS TtrruLARiA cankiana TRIFAR[NA BELLA S. 10 *.PI P.s 1.11 J11 0 17 SIS 11 TRI FAR INA IRADTI PO T1ILOCVUI»« FITRKI O.kS TRI LOCULINA TRICAR 1NATA in TRI LOCULINA TRIOONULA PIP 0 •> 0 JJ 0.77 TROCRAICSIMA ADVTNA TROCNANNINA OCNRACtA S.l uv 1 CHINA SELLUU I.» k 17 3 33 UVICTRINA RISPIDOCOSTATA S 10 1 PA II IS k 1 A A S kt UVICtRIN* PCRECRINA VALVULINTRIA UEVICATA VALVULINTRIA MEXICANA LX1SMCRCLU AURICVLATA 0 S k 1 APPEWIX THREE, eonX 2 0 5 SAMPLE 1 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 t 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 o cr\ r—1 70 71 77 A/tttHIA PAMIN10NIANA l.M i sa i ip 1 14 >11 1. 14 AM2GLOCCR1N* CAR 1 MATA • 14 i ip O.AI MOULOOtllNA KUCMISI 1 1( UnUMOHION 1MCIU.II l.M •OLIVINA LOVNANI o is ooliviha hcxicana in MLIOINA FAClriCA 1.11 OOLIVIHA PLICATA 0 SA •OLIVINA PIOMAtA 1 12 I 11 in ML 1 VIM* BIHIHUOA NUHILIS in a ii o as A (I J 10 •OLIVINA VAUCMANI 1 22 o at MiiALINA ACLU 1 NAT* 1 A> • ii MliALIMA ACUTULA 2 10 ie oo III 1. 10 1 01 i n MXXLIXA P1MMINA 0 21 i. n 4.11 • BA 0 M ISA 1.14 1 41 i ii > Pl i n AULININA MAROIM*!* • 41 OJA i 01 cancrii auricula I 21 II IA ). j» I. OP 11 12 l.ai 1 10 A.PR 1.01 • >1 CANCRII RANA2UNSII 2.11 4 4A 1 01 I PP it it 11. PA 1 44 1 PP CASH DDL INA RRAtlLlLNIll 1 44 2 PO 10 11 CASSIOUUNA CORAY 1 11 PA 20 00 2 41 * ii 1 10 111 ISA CA1IIOULINA if 1 At 4 Al A >1 CAM loot IMA TORTUOSA o 21 * II i ii 0 Pl PO CMRYSALHOINCLU RFlCYAIIHl 4 I 11 1 44 ClaiCIMI I LOA IDANU » I 41 1 IA 0 >1 CIKCfOCI FUTCMtMI i ia 1 12 1 OP 0 11 1 AJ ClllCIOM fCKAMMI 4 IP 1 IP 0 Al on i as P OP 1 4| 1 44 OYKIOICIKI IIURIAUS 0 BA 0.14 1 41 0 10 0 Pl i ia DPOCIBICIMS BP i 1 AS 1 21 ILFMICIWP CuntRI 1 >1 tPtSTONlNCLLA IRAOYAN* on 1 Pl 1 M APONlOtl ANIILLARUM 0 BA 1 11 111 2 1A 1 10 1 11 1 21 4 PI a si noaiLUl AITRICYA 1 14 I II 1 44 14 IP 1 1A o ai ruMiLus lAsisniuiui 0 42 A 10 l.M J.31 0 1A i.ai rURUNMOIMA PONTONI i.fl I II I 21 . .. • 11 rUABLNROINA SANOItGOCNSIS 0 BA T II CAVIL INOPS IS CANPANULATA 0 11 1 10 OVBOIDIMA ALTiroANIR 1 24 I PA 0 Al MANIAVAIA MRTMLLOTMI 40 00 0 14 1.41 o at HANIAVAIA MAAICANA 1 1A 20 00 > H 1 LP 0 II 1 1A 1 PP •LI’ P A2 i n 11 11 HAP 11 21 14 P< 1 fit >1 1A a* io 12 Al 11 01 11.AB laclna cp L Pl LI coata >2 li >1 so IP 11 40 OO 1 1A Al A4 >1 11 AO PA 11 01 A 11 UMICULINA CALCAR H 21 UKTICULIMA CULTRATU1 0 II LOXORTW** BAAMUmi I Pl XILIOLIWLU CALIPORNICA 0 11 HILIOLINCLLA OILOHCA lit XWIONBLL* STELLA PUCOPBILINA RRACII IRA 1 2A ------PLAIWtIMA OANATA 1 21 All 1 20 1 22 fWLUNlA BALYSIURYI 1 01 1 01 CCIMQUCUICULINA COMMA a ba 9 ii ’1 2 SA 1. IR J 001MQUCLOCULI NA LAMARCIIANA 1 OP a as 1 11 2 11 OJI*HXLOCULINA TXNAOOi » Pl i 1 40 0 PI at UCTOAOLIVINA KANCOCII 1 AP UCTONLIVINA PACIPICA 1 1A UUSICLLA PACIPICA 0 21 0 11 1 11 1 A1 ftOtALINA COLUMailNIIl 0 BA 0 21 • ia 0 Al I AS aiPMONOPLRTA BAIULOBA A II o ia 0 II • Al • BA • IS nxiVLAAIA OCCIDENTALIA 1 11 2 *4 au LA'. >1 IS 0 4| 1 4$ nrWLARIA BCUNCII 1 01 1 »« 1 11 1.21 TTXTVLAIIa BP • 11 A 10 a 04 TllrARIMA IILLA 1.11 uvicirima cxcluxna 111 ». ia 0 01 0 Al UVIOERIMA MOOT 8 J 1 4A 1 AO UVICtRlMA INCILII 1 Al • »t 3 VALVULIMA OVIUOIANA 1 14 0 II VALVULKRIA (CHICANA 0.11 a is ) oe 12.14 >0 M i ip * ” APPENDIX FOUR: Spec-iei pcAcentagei: Living populattom o< benthic •in the Gut( ot Tehuantepec. (onamiiu(,ela 2 0 6 TOTAL POPULATION LIVING POPULATION SAMPLE # DEPTH (M) S H(S) E S H(S) E 576 58 3.06 0. 37 32 2.41 0. 35 2 414 52 3. 20 0. 47 31 2. 75 0. 50 3 56 65 3.73 0. 64 25 2.93 0. 75 4 27 58 3. 26 0. 45 11 2.25 0. 87 5 216 56 2.81 0.30 31 2.48 0.38 6 16 29 3.03 0. 71 9 2.16 0. 97 7 184 57 3.15 0. 41 20 2.32 0. 51 8 94 58 3.47 0. 55 28 2.72 0. 54 9 59 67 3.48 0.49 27 2. 63 0. 51 10 270 42 2. 76 0.38 27 2. 57 0. 48 11 124 49 3.00 0.41 36 2.94 0. 52 12 68 89 4.02 0. 63 50 3. 71 0. 82 13 36 50 2.93 0. 38 11 1.90 0. 61 14 18 41 3.11 0. 54 16 2.39 0. 68 15 351 45 2.74 0. 35 28 2.48 0.43 16 248 48 2.98 0.41 33 2. 81 0. 51 17 144 63 3. 22 0.40 41 2.81 0. 41 18 41 78 3. 61 0. 47 44 3.19 0. 55 19 23 23 2. 73 67 7 1.88 0. 94 20 586 47 3.10 47 29 2. 76 0.55 21 324 51 3.11 44 38 2.91 0. 48 22 216 50 2.96 0.38 36 2.83 0.47 23 58 53 3.40 0. 57 32 3.08 0. 69 24 29 69 3. 60 0. 53 42 3.17 0.57 25 16 59 3.42 0. 52 43 3.22 0. 58 26 171 66 3.71 0. 62 40 3.33 0. 69 27 108 60 3.39 0. 49 37 3.13 0. 62 28 37 31 2. 72 0. 49 18 2.32 0. 57 29 9 29 2.31 0. 35 20 2.46 0. 59 30 63 61 3.60 0. 60 25 2. 78 0. 64 31 63 50 3.36 0. 58 12 2.15 0. 72 32 27 32 2. 45 0. 36 11 2. 01 0. 68 33 13 26 2.45 0. 44 5 1.20 0. 67 34 47 69 3.31 0.40 12 2.08 0.67 35 40 60 3.15 0.39 16 2.39 0. 68 36 22 52 2. 95 0.37 14 2.46 0.84 37 11 56 3.20 0.44 13 2.38 0. 83 38 99 58 3.45 0. 57 25 2.84 0.69 39 43 55 3.45 0. 57 3 1.10 0.99 40 27 86 3.78 0. 51 14 2.32 0.72 41 11 52 2.98 0. 38 10 2.11 0.83 APPENDIX PIPE. DIVERSITY PALUES FOR TOTAL AW LIVING POPULATIONS IN CAMPECHE 20 7 TOTAL POPULATION LIVING POPULATION SAMPLE # DEPTH (M) S H(S) E S H(S) E 1 20 42 2. 70 0. 35 19 2.12 0. 44 2 29 31 2.43 0.37 10 1.48 0.44 • 3 41 41 2.20 0.22 13 1. 14 0. 24 4 54 53 1.95 0.13 39 2.37 0.27 5 21 41 2.91 0. 45 6 1.30 0. 61 6 30 38 2.31 0.26 12 1.39 0.33 7 40 34 1.78 0.17 11 0. 84 o.21 8 52 52 2.81 0.32 16 2.31 0. 63 9 100 34 2.81 0.49 17 2.41 0. 65 10 170 28 2.37 0.38 3 0. 95 0.86 11 21 43 2.82 0.39 — _____ 12 30 52 2. 44 0.22 25 1.61 0. 20 13 50 45 2.10 0.18 15 1.04 0.19 14 64 43 2.03 0.18 19 1.42 0. 22 15 115 37 2.88 0.48 3 0. 95 0. 86 16 180 32 2.45 0.36 — _ ___ 17 30 35 2.44 0.33 4 1.03 0. 70 18 31 32 1.85 0.20 10 1.66 0. 53 19 40 39 2.26 0. 25 8 1.19 0.41 20 54 41 1.75 0. 14 10 1.05 0.29 21 100 73 2.85 0. 24 30 2. 50 0. 41 22 115 45 2.76 0.35 22 2.45 0. 53 APPENPIX SIX: DIVERSITY VALUES FOR TOTAL AWP LIVING POPULATIONS IN TEHUANTEPEC. CURRICULUM VITA Maria de la Luz Mata was born in Mexico City, where she attended Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and obtained her Bachelor's degree in Biology in 1900. She worked for Direccion de Investigaciones Oceanogr a" f icas do la Secretaria de Marina and came to Louisiana State University, where she is currently a candidate for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Geology. 208 MASTER’S EXAMINATION AND THESIS REPORT Candidate: Mariadelaluz M. Mata Major Field: Geology Title of Thesis: BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES FROM MEXICAN CONTINENTAL SHELVES Approved: Major Professor anil Chairman Dean of the Graduate School Date of Examination: April 22, 19871 0 II o AC o ts 0 II o as rUHEMKOlNA NEXICANA 0 IS • >» 0 tl 0 11 t Ft 0 AY 4- rUMSEMKOlllA FONT ONI o.to o >3 A 10 0.22 0.01 1 At 0 tl FUMENAOINA BPINICOSTATA 0 SI 1.11 0 tt o aa • tl FTBSEKAOINa TtHELLATA o ts 0 AO 0 IS « 10 0 At GAUDMYIna AEQUa 0 II OS) 0 oc 0 tt GALDMT1NA ATLANTICA 0 13 o ai • It GAUDMYINA EX 1 LIB o tl 1 II CAVELlMOP&IS PRAEOEMI > S2 1 2A CUNDULINA LAEVIGATA o to i ti • tl t to CLORULINa EQUALIS S IS S tt 0 10 A-U CLOMULIHA GIHA 0 30 OUMOSPIMA CORDIALIt • FA cumin NA AUSTMALlt 0 2t CUmiLlHA PUUHELLA o at CUTTULINA tPICAEFOMMIt o is O.tl t* 0 11 0 to t S3 CYMOIOINA ALTIFOMNU 0 SF • >3 3 Ot CYMOIOINA OMIICULamis 0 OS 0 as ■AXZAWAIA CONCENT!1CA o as 0 It 0 >3 l.tt 1 tt • ti 1. IS lit its I tt NAKSAWAIA STMATTONI 1.IS i ti 0 as F tS NAEUSLLMELU MOEGUMMDI I tl 0 I* o at 1 NOECUM)INA ELEGANS o >• 0 tl IA * ” • ai ■OHOTMENA MOMRun B.tt 0 AO o et