Post-Industrial Place, Multicultural Space: The Transformation of Leicester, c.1970-1990 Simon Gunn and Colin Hyde Centre for Urban History University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7Rh
[email protected] [email protected] Abstract Later twentieth-century Britain experienced two fundamental historical shifts: the collapse of manufacturing industry and the emergence of a multicultural society. Taking the city of Leicester as a case-study, this article explores the interconnected histories of these two processes. In the 1970s and 1980s Leicester witnessed simultaneously the sharp contraction of its manufacturing base and the creation of a large, permanent Asian community. While Leicester’s manufacturing economy and industrial neighbourhoods provided both employment and places of settlement for migrant Asian populations, these populations in turn helped to mitigate the effects of rapid industrial collapse. What the example of Leicester graphically shows is how global historical processes played out in unanticipated ways in a particular urban locale. Keywords: de-industrialization; multicultural; migration; manufacturing; community 1 Post-Industrial Place, Multicultural Space: The Transformation of Leicester, c.1970-1990 In the last third of the twentieth century Britain underwent a profound historical transformation. Two features of this transformation, in particular, stand out. The first was the collapse of the country’s industrial and manufacturing base: the world’s first industrial nation, in effect, ceased to be a manufacturing power. The second shift was social and cultural: between the mid-1960s and the 1990s Britain was transformed from a predominantly white, Anglo-Saxon Protestant country to a multicultural society in which migrant populations from former colonies in the Caribbean, South Asia and Africa represented a permanent and expanding presence.