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Nation Et Communautarisation : L'ancrage Local Des Partis Politiques En Albanie, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Croatie, Macédoine Et Serbie-Monténégro

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Nation Et Communautarisation : L'ancrage Local Des Partis Politiques En Albanie, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Croatie, Macédoine Et Serbie-Monténégro « Nation et communautarisation : l’ancrage local des partis politiques en Albanie, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Croatie, Macédoine et Serbie-Monténégro ». Nadège Ragaru Chercheur Étude n° 2005/008 réalisée pour le compte de la Délégation aux Affaires stratégiques selon la procédure du marché sans formalités préalables. Table des matières Mandat de l’étude.................................................................................................................................... p. 6 Chapitre I - L’Albanie ............................................................................................................................ p. 7 I - Changements et dynamiques politiques de l’après-1990 II - La structuration bipolaire du jeu partisan III - Eléments de compréhension de l’ancrage territorial et de l’électorat des partis Annexes A - Les résultats des principales élections depuis 1991 en Albanie B - Liste et acronymes des principaux partis politiques en Albanie (par ordre alphabétique) C - Composition du gouvernement issu des élections législatives du 3 juillet 2005 D - Chronologie politique E - Bibliographie Chapitre II - La Macédoine.................................................................................................................. p. 40 I - Dynamiques politiques depuis 1990 II - Trajectoire et clivages des partis slaves de Macédoine III - Les partis albanais de Macédoine Annexes A - Chronologie des principales élections en Macédoine B - Les principaux partis politiques de Macédoine C - Résultats des scrutins depuis 1990 D - Bibliographie Chapitre III - Le Kosovo ...................................................................................................................... p. 82 I - Contexte et dynamiques politiques depuis le 10 juin 1999 II - Les principaux acteurs politiques et leurs résultats III - L’implantation territoriale et l’électorat des partis politiques Annexes A - Chronologie des principaux événements et scrutins politiques depuis 1999 B - Acronymes des partis politiques C - Composition du gouvernement kosovar (au 20 octobre 2005) D - Résultats des élections conduites depuis 1999 E - Bibliographie Chapitre IV - La Serbie et le Monténégro ........................................................................................ p. 115 I - Dynamiques politiques en Serbie et Monténégro depuis l’éclatement de la Yougoslavie II - Les principaux partis et clivages politiques en Serbie III - Géographie politique et enjeux communautaires en Serbie IV - Un Monténégro divisé sur les rapports avec la Serbie et sur les lectures de son identité Annexes A - Les principaux partis politiques de Serbie et du Monténégro B - Chronologie des élections et principaux événements politiques en Serbie et au Monténégro C- Résultats des consultations électorales en Serbie depuis 1990 D - Résultats des consultations électorales au Monténégro depuis 1990 E - Bibliographie Serbie et Monténégro 2 Liste des tableaux, des graphiques et des cartes par chapitre (la numérotation reprend au début de chaque nouveau chapitre) Chapitre I - L’Albanie Cartes Carte 1 - L’Albanie, géographie politique Carte 2 - « Eléments de l’identité albanaise » Carte 3 - L’implantation territoriale des partis albanais aux élections de 1991 et de 1992 Carte 4 - L’implantation territoriale des principaux partis en Albanie en 1997 Carte 5 - L’implantation locale des principaux partis politiques en Albanie en 2003 (à partir des résultats des élections locales) Tableaux Tableau 1 - Evolution du taux de participation aux élections législatives en Albanie depuis 1992 (en pourcentage) Tableau 2 - Les partenaires de coalition pré- et post-électorale du Parti démocratique en 2001 et en 2005 Tableau 3 – Distribution régionale des résultats du PD et du PSSH en 1996 et 1997 (part du vote PD en pourcentage du vote PD+PSSH) Tableau 4 - Les résultats électoraux du parti de la minorité hellénophone depuis 1992 Encadrés Encadré 1 - L’organisation territoriale de l’Albanie Encadré 2 - Mode de scrutin et circonscriptions électorales Graphiques Graphique 1 - Classes d’âges et préférences politiques en Albanie (à la lumière des résultats des élections de 2005) Graphique 2 - Affiliation partisane et niveau de formation Chapitre II - La Macédoine Cartes Carte 1 - Les principales villes de Macédoine en 2004 Carte 2 - La Macédoine et ses voisins Carte 3 - Le découpage municipal de la Macédoine selon la loi du 11 août 2004 Carte 4 - Les circonscriptions électorales lors des élections parlementaires de 2002 Carte 5 - Distribution géographique des résultats du SDSM et de ses partenaires de coalition lors des élections municipales de mars 2005 (hors Skopje) Carte 6 - Distribution des résultats électoraux de la VMRO-DPMNE aux élections municipales de 2000 Carte 7 - Distribution géographique des résultats de la VMRO-DPMNE et de ses partenaires de coalitions aux élections municipales de mars 2005 (hors Skopje) Carte 8 - Détail des résultats des élections municipales de mars-avril 2005 à Skopje Carte 9 - La distribution géographique des Albanais de Macédoine (chiffres du recensement de 2002, découpage municipal de 1996) Carte 10 - Distribution géographique des résultats des partis albanais aux élections municipales de mars 2005 (hors Skopje) 3 Encadrés Encadré 1 - Les accords d’Ohrid Encadré 2 - Le code électoral en Macédoine Encadré 3 - Peuplement et place des minorités dans la structure démographique de la Macédoine Tableaux Tableau 1 - Evolution des performances électorales du SDSM et de ses partenaires de coalition entre 1990 et 2004 (en nombre de sièges) Tableau 2 - L’effritement du groupe parlementaire de la VMRO-DPMNE entre décembre 1990 et juillet 1994 Tableau 3 - Structure de la population en fonction de l'affiliation ethnique déclarée lors des recensements depuis 1948 Tableau 4 - Mariages mixtes et mariages homogènes dans le nombre total des mariages conclus en fonction des affiliations ethniques entre 1970 et 2000 (en %) Tableau 5 - Structure des mariages homogènes par affiliation ethnique entre 1970 et 2000 (en %) Chapitre III - Le Kosovo Cartes Carte 1 - Le Kosovo et les zones de présence internationale de la KFOR Carte 2 - La distribution géographique des principales communautés au Kosovo Carte 3 - Les municipalités au Kosovo en 1999 Carte 4 - Les principales zones de combat et de déplacement de population au Kosovo en 1998 Carte 5 - Les zones de peuplement à Mitrovica en 1999 et en 2001 Encadrés Encadré 1 - Le mode de scrutin au Kosovo Encadré 2 - La distribution des aires d’influence lors des élections municipales de 2002 Tableaux Tableau 1 - Les résultats comparés de la LDK, du PDK et de l’AAK aux élections parlementaires de 2001 et 2004 Tableau 2 - Les résultats comparés de la LDK, du PDK et de l’AAK aux élections municipales de 2000 et de 2002 Tableau 3 - Participation des Serbes aux élections du Kosovo depuis 1999 Tableau 4 - La diversification des trajectoires électorales au sein de la communauté serbe : le cas des élections municipales d’octobre 2002 Tableau 5 – Les lignes de clivage partisans dans la vie politique albanaise au Kosovo Tableau 6 - Le soutien accordé aux partis albanais en fonction des tranches d’âge, du lieu d’habitation et du niveau d’éducation (en pourcentage) Tableau 7 - L’implantation territoriale d’ORA (élections 2004) Tableau 8 - Les Serbes déplacés du Kosovo réfugiés en Serbie Tableau 9 - Le lieu de résidence des Serbes du Kosovo d’après les inscriptions à l’école primaire des enfants serbes Graphiques Graphique 1 - Perceptions relatives aux distributions des responsabilités dans la mise en œuvre des standards Graphique 2 - Les résultats des élections parlementaires d’octobre 2004 au Kosovo Graphique 3 - Répartition des sièges à l’issue des élections parlementaires d’octobre 2004 au Kosovo Graphique 4 - Détail de la participation aux élections parlementaires de 2004 au Kosovo 4 Chapitre IV - La Serbie et le Monténégro Cartes Carte 1 - Relief et industrie en Serbie, au Kosovo et au Monténégro (en 2000) Carte 2 - Le Sandžak entre la Serbie et le Monténégro Carte 3 - Les disparités de revenus moyens par habitant en 2000 en Serbie Carte 4 - L’évolution démographique des principales municipalités serbes Carte 5 – Les élections présidentielles de juin 2004 en Serbie : distribution géographique des résultats Carte 6 – La répartition géographique des soutiens de Boris Tadić lors des élections présidentielles de 2004 Carte 7 – La cartographie des soutiens en faveur de Tomislav Nikolić lors des élections présidentielles de 2004 Carte 8 - La Voïvodine et sa diversité de peuplement Carte 9- La distribution des réfugiés au lendemain du conflit au Kosovo par municipalité (au 1er février 2000) Carte 10 - La distribution géographique des votes aux élections parlementaires serbes de décembre 2003 Carte 11 - Distribution géographique des résultats du Parti radical aux élections parlementaires serbes de décembre 2003 Carte 12 - Comparaison des définitions identitaires (recensement de 2003) et des résultats électoraux lors des élections parlementaires d’octobre 2002 au Monténégro Tableaux Tableau 1 - Les résultats électoraux du SPS et de ses partenaires de coalition aux élections présidentielles, parlementaires et locales entre 19992 et 2000 (en nombre de voix) Tableau 2 - Les résultats électoraux du SPS et de ses partenaires de coalition aux élections présidentielles, parlementaires et locales entre 19992 et 2000 (en % des voix) Tableau 3 - Les politiques de coalition de l’opposition au régime Milošević Tableau 4 - Résultats des partis politiques d’opposition
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