International Journal of Botany and Research (IJBR) ISSN (P): 2277–4815; ISSN (E): 2319–4456 Vol. 11, Issue 1, Jun 2020, 13-20 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd
ETHNOBOTANICAL USES OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS IN JASHPUR DISTRICT CHHATTISGARH
SANGEETAYADAV1* & LATA SHARMA2 1Department of Botany Loyola College Kunkuri Chhattisgarh, India 2Department of Botany Dr. C.V. Raman University, Kargi Road, Kota, Bilaspur (C.G.), India ABSTRACT
The ethnobotanical study was carried out in 5 different sites; namely Kunkuri, Saliyatoli, Mahuatoli, Mayali and Duldula in 2018 – 2020. The field study was meticulously done with interviews of the local people. The ethnomedicinal Plant specimens were, collected in different seasons namely monsoon, winter and summer season. 41 ethnomedicinal plant species belonging to 31 families were much used by local inhabitants for treating various ailments. The methods of drug preparation, administration were also recorded during the interview. The results of the study revealed that local inhabitants have much indigenous Tribal knowledge of ethnomedicinal medicinal plants.
KEYWORDS: Medicinal plants, Ethnobotanical, Herbal practitioners & Jashpur
Original Article Original
Received: Dec 16 2020; Accepted: Jan 06, 2021; Published: Feb 10, 2021; Paper Id.: IJBRJUN20212
INTRODUCTION
The ethnomedicine plays an important role in tribal health care system particularly in developing countries where there are less medical facilities. The ethnomedicinal plants have no side effect and are available at very low cost. Ethnobotany is essentially concerned with gathering information on plants and their use (Rao 1997). The present study forms the first of its kind with reference to Ethnobotanical plant of Jashpur district. (Swati Shrivastava and Amia Ekka et al., 2013) have also done similar studies. The ethnomedicinal knowledge is passed from one generation to the other generation orally (Nadembega et al., 2011). There are many more medicinal plants which has not been documented (Sofowora et al; 1993). Over the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in the investigation of natural materials as a source of potential drug substance. This work concentrates more on traditional knowledge of medicinal plants along with their therapeutic values by local inhabitants of Jashpur district.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Area: Jashpur District is curved out of Raigarh district. It borders two states, namely, Jharkhand and Odisha. Jashpur Nagar is the district headquarters. The north-south length of this district is about 150 km, and its east-west breadth is about 85 km. Its total area is 6,205 km². It is between 22° 17′ and 23° 15′ North latitude and 83° 30′ and 84° 24′ East longitude. It is divided into two parts the northern hilly belt is called the Upper Ghat and the remaining, southern part is called Nichghat.
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Figure 1: Jashpur District MAP
Survey and sample collection : Go to the rural areas of some Site that under Jashpur district and talk to the people from there about plants, take picture plants available in that area, collecting the leaf, root, stem, barks, flower of the plants. It is a prerequisite to have a standard methodology to study and collect the ethno medicinal data from the informants (Jain and Rao, 1976). Since these tribals are illiterate, a structural questionnaire approach was not possible to get the relevant data; hence an informal conversation was adopted. The informants were selected based on their ethnomedicinal knowledge and practices.
The field survey was conducted in five Sites of Jashpur District from tribal herbal practitioners and farmers. Most of the herbals were collected directly from the forest, agricultural fields, foothills, upper hills and river belts. Sufficient care was taken not to destroy the habitats of these medicinal plants. Documentations of the medicinal plants were carefully recorded along with photographs of such plants. Direct plant observations were done with the help of local healers.
Views of the People: The information collected during the field survey is based on the first-hand information given by the local inhabitants on medicinal plants. The information about the ethno medicinal plants has been accurately documented.
Identification of Medicinal Plants: The medicinal plant species mentioned by the informants were taxonomically identified by ethnobotanist Dr. Ignace Kindo, Dean of Science, Department of Botany, Loyola College, Kunkuri, Jashpur, Chhattisgarh.
Figure 2: Questionnaire Format
Research Scholar: Sangeeta Yadav Date/ Time………/………..
Field Visited:-……………………………Jashpur Dt., Chhattisgarh, India.
Herbal medicinal practiser’s Name:-…………….
i.)Age………..
ii.)Sex…
iii.)Edu. qualification…………….
Impact Factor (JCC): 5.9837 NAAS Rating: 4.08 Ethnobotanical Uses of Some Medicinal Plants in Jashpur District Chhattisgarh 15
iv.) Occupation………….
Disease Name:-……………………………………………………………………..
Plant & Plant parts:-……………………………………………………………......
Preparation and mode of administration:-……………………………………
Medicine administration time interval:-…………………………………………….
Details of storage of medicine (If applicable):-…………………………………….
Dosage:-
i.)Time of administration (Before food, after food):-………………..
ii.) How much: - ………………………………………………………..
iii.)How many times: ……………………………………………………
iv.)How long: …………………………………………………………...
v.) Specification of doses: ………………………………………………
vi.) Advice on diet and regimen: ………………………………………
vii.)Any other remarks on precaution/ side effect: ……………………...
1. Ethnobotanical Data i.) Botanical name: …………………………………………………………… ii.)Family: …………………………………………………………………… iii.)Vernacular name: ……………………………………………………………
2. Habit:- Tree/ Herb/Shrub/Climber/Annual/Perennial/
3. Flowering & Fruiting season: ……………………………………………………
4. Any other identifying features: ……………………………………………………
Practiser’s sign: …………… Interviewers’/ Collected by (sign)
Date: ……………………… Date: ……………………………..
Place: …………………….. Place: ......
Plant Tag No: ……………..
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Table 1: Ehnobotanical Plant of the Study Area S.N Botanical Family Name in Hab Useful Parts Disease . Name Hindi it 1. Aloe Liliaceae Aloe vera Shru Leaf Asthma, cough, stones, gas barbadensis b problem 2. Allium sepa Amaryllidace Onion Herb Leaf, stem Body pain, piles, malaria ae 3. Anacardium Anacardiacea Kaju Tree Fruit Bone disease, blood pressure occidentale e 4. Alstonia Apocynaceae Chhatiyan Tree Bark Diabetes, fever scholaris tree 5. Alternanthera Amaranthacea Lalbhaji Shru Leaf, stem T.V., kidney problem spp. e b 6. Alternanthera Amaranthacea Lesser Herb Leaf, stem, flower Breast cancer, illnesses denticulata e joyweed 7. Andrographis Acanthaceae Bhuineem Herb Leaf, flower Fever, liver disease, weakness paniculata typhoid 8. Achyranthus Amaranthacea Chirchitti Herb Leaf, root Opthalmia, cutaneous, aspera e hydrophobia 9. Bacopa Plantaginacea Brahmi Herb Stem, leaf Cough, memory loss, monnieri e encephalitis 10. Bryophyllum Crassulaceae Patharchur Herb Leaf Kidney, stones diabetes pinnatum 11. Citrus limon Rutaceae Nimbu Tree Leaf Blood pressure, hypertension, arthritis 12. Capsicum Solanaceae Mirch Shru Fruit, leaf Haiza, indigestion annuum b 13. Curcuma zingiberaceae Haldi herb Leaf, stem Diabetes longa 14. Chlorophytu Asparagaceae Safed musli herb Leaf, root Cancer, sex problem borivilianum 15. Cyperus Gramineae Motha Herb Root Fever ,skin disease rotundus 16. Cynodondactyl Gramineae Dubghas Herb Leaf, stem Skin disease, leprosy on 17. Catharanthus Apocynaceae Sadabahar Herb Flower, leaf Diabetes, blood purify, cancer, roseus obesity 18. Clitoria Fabaceae Koyal Herb Root, bark Small pox, eye disease, cancer ternatea 19. Datura Solanaceae Datura Herb Flower, Leaf, Hallucinogenic, euphoric stramonium Fruit 20. Euphorbia Euphorbiacea Lal dudhi Herb Stem, root Asthma, stomach problem, hirta e swelling 21. Hibiscus rosa- Malvaceae Gudhal Shru Leaf, fruit Stomach pain, swellings, cough, sinensis b ulcer 22. Listea Liliaceae Meda Tree Bark Pain, rheumatism monopetala 23. Mallotus Euphorbiacea Rohini Tree Rhizome, root Tonsil, neck disease philippensis e 24. Mangifera Anacardiacea Aam Tree Leaf, fruit Cancer, leukaemia indica e 25. Musa Musaceae Kela Herb Fruit, Leaf Cough, ear pain paradisiaca 26. Madhuca Sapotaceae Mahua Tree Fruit, flower Joint pain indica 27. Mentha Lamiaceae Pudina Herb Leaf, stem Kidney disease, teeth problem, piperita remove toxin and free radical
Impact Factor (JCC): 5.9837 NAAS Rating: 4.08 Ethnobotanical Uses of Some Medicinal Plants in Jashpur District Chhattisgarh 17
28. Moringa Moringaceae Munga Tree Leaf, seed Diabetes, ulcers, hypertension oleifera 29. Nyctanthes Solanaceae Bhanwarma Shru Fruit Eye pain, fever arbor-tristis lli b 30. Ocimum Lamiaceae Tulsi Shru Leaf, stem, Infection and diseases of heart, tenuiflorum b flower, seed liver, kidney 31. Phyllanthus Euphorbiacea Aonla Tree Bark, seed, Arthritis emblica e leaf 32. Psidium Myrtaceae Amrud Tree Leaf, fruit Cold disease, respiratory guajava problem 33. Raphanus Brassicaceae Muli Herb Leaf, fruit Cancer, blood pressure sativus 34. Rosa hybrida Rosaceae Rose Shru Flower, seed Fungal problem, skin disease, b psoriasis, eczema 35. Sida acuta Malvaceae Bariyari Shru Leaf, stem Cough, fever b 36. Strobulanthus Asparagaceae Raksha Herb Bark Arthritis, rheumatism heiniyanus 37. Tinopora Menispermac Giloy Herb Stem, leaf Dengue, win flu, malaria cordifolia eae 38. Terminalia Fabaceae Bahera Tree Fruit, seed Eye disease, piles, teeth problem bellirica 39. Tagetes erecta Asteraceae Marigold Shru Flower, leaf Diabetes, urine disease, ear pain, b cancer 40. Withania Solanaceae Ashwagand Shru Leaf, stem Cancer, joint pain somnifera ha b 41 Vitex negundo Verbenaceae Nirgundi Herb Flower, fruit Fever, ear disease
Table 2: Families of Traditional Medicinal Plants with Habit in Jashpur (C.G.) S. No. Family Total Plant Species Herb Shrub Tree 1 Asclepiadaceae 2 1 2 - 2 Anacacardiaceae 1 1 - 3 3 Acanthaceae 2 1 - - 4 Amaranthaceae 1 2 - - 5 Asteraceae 2 - 1 - 6 Araceae 1 - 1 1 7 Annonaceae 1 - - 1 8 Aceraceae 2 1 - - 9 Caricaceae 2 1 - 2 10 Convolvulaceae 1 - 1 - 11 Ebenaceae 1 - 1 - 12 Euphorbiaceae 3 3 - 2 13 Fabaceae 9 4 8 14 Hipoxidaceae 1 1 1 - 15 Liliaceae 3 2 - - 16 Lamiaceae 4 4 - - 17 Lythraceae 1 1 1 - 18 Malvaceae 4 3 - 1 19 Meliaceae 2 - - 3 20 Moringaceae 2 1 - - 21 Moraceae 4 1 - 4 22 Nyctaginaceae 1 1 - - 23 Oleaceae 1 - 2 - 24 Papaveraceae 2 - 1 1 25 Poaceae 4 1 - 2
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26 Rubiaceae 2 1 - 1 27 Rutaceae 3 2 - - 28 Sapotaceae 1 1 - - 29 Verbenaceae 1 - 1 - 30 Zingiberaceae 2 - 1 1 31 Zygophyllaceae 2 1 - -
Table 3: Photograph of some Medicinal Plants species are given in Figures 1 to 12
Figure 1: Laung Figure 2: Patharchatta Figure 3: Pudina
Figure 4: Kela Figure 5: Muli Figure 6: Dhatura
Figure 7: Tulsi Figure 8: Haldi Figure 9: Giloy
Figure 10: Amla Figure 11: Ganja Figure 12: Khajur
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This investigation gives an overall picture that the inhabitants of the Jashpur generally use about 41 species of 31 families as ethnomedicine. They are in the following families: Apocynaceae (3), Euphorbiaceae (3), Fabaceae (3), Poaceae (3), Ameranthaceae (2), Caesalpiniaceae (2), Asteraceae (2), Solanaceae (2), and Asclepiadaceae (2). A plant each was recorded from the other families (Table 1). The listed ethnomedicinal plants have a therapeutic value which is in use by the inhabitants from generations.
Impact Factor (JCC): 5.9837 NAAS Rating: 4.08 Ethnobotanical Uses of Some Medicinal Plants in Jashpur District Chhattisgarh 19
CONCLUSIONS
This investigation is an attempt to record medicinal properties of the plants by the author with the help of traditional healers, the traditional healers who possess maximum knowledge on medicinal plants. There are good numbers of herbal practitioners in this district who practice herbal medicine and are willing to share their rich knowledge of herbal medicine with the research scholars for the benefit of the good health of the society. Tribe’s vaidyaraj collected medicines which are beneficial for human health from the forest and used them for primary treatment of disease. They do not have any side effects on the human body, as well as medicinal plants will be used continuously in the coming generation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author is grateful to tribal healers as well as Dr. Lata Sharma and Dr. Ignace Kindo for their valuable suggestion and contribution for the paper.
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