Chhattisgarh 24X7 Connected Chhattisgarh
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Shankar Ias Academy Test 18 - Geography - Full Test - Answer Key
SHANKAR IAS ACADEMY TEST 18 - GEOGRAPHY - FULL TEST - ANSWER KEY 1. Ans (a) Explanation: Soil found in Tropical deciduous forest rich in nutrients. 2. Ans (b) Explanation: Sea breeze is caused due to the heating of land and it occurs in the day time 3. Ans (c) Explanation: • Days are hot, and during the hot season, noon temperatures of over 100°F. are quite frequent. When night falls the clear sky which promotes intense heating during the day also causes rapid radiation in the night. Temperatures drop to well below 50°F. and night frosts are not uncommon at this time of the year. This extreme diurnal range of temperature is another characteristic feature of the Sudan type of climate. • The savanna, particularly in Africa, is the home of wild animals. It is known as the ‘big game country. • The leaf and grass-eating animals include the zebra, antelope, giraffe, deer, gazelle, elephant and okapi. • Many are well camouflaged species and their presence amongst the tall greenish-brown grass cannot be easily detected. The giraffe with such a long neck can locate its enemies a great distance away, while the elephant is so huge and strong that few animals will venture to come near it. It is well equipped will tusks and trunk for defence. • The carnivorous animals like the lion, tiger, leopard, hyaena, panther, jaguar, jackal, lynx and puma have powerful jaws and teeth for attacking other animals. 4. Ans (b) Explanation: Rivers of Tamilnadu • The Thamirabarani River (Porunai) is a perennial river that originates from the famous Agastyarkoodam peak of Pothigai hills of the Western Ghats, above Papanasam in the Ambasamudram taluk. -
Accident to M/S Ran Air Services Ltd. Bell 430 Helicopter VT-REO on 03-08
FINAL INVESTIGATION REPORT OF ACCIDENT TO M/S RAN AIR SERVICES LTD BELL-430 HELICOPTER VT-REO NEAR VENKATPURAM, DISTRICT KHAMMAM, ANDHRA PRADESH ON 3.8.2008. a) Helicopter Type : Bell 430 Nationality : Indian Registration : VT-REO b) Owner/Operator : M/s Ran Air Services Ltd c) Pilot-in-Command : Line Pilot, CHPL No.318/2 Extent of Injuries : Fatal Copilot : Line pilot, CHPL No.359 Extent of Injuries : Fatal d) Number of passenger on board : Two( AME &Tech.) Extent of Injuries : Fatal g) Place of accident : Lat. 18° 24’ 15 ” North, Long.80° 42’ 34.9 ” East :Venketpuram, Andhra Pradesh h) Date & time of accident : 3rd August,2008; Approx.(1027 UTC) SUMMARY M/s Ran Air Services Bell-430 helicopter VT-REO while engaged in a non-schedule flight from Hyderabad Begumpet Airport-Jagdalpur-Raipur on 3.8.2008 was involved in an accident on a hill at a place name kodijutta gutta near Venkatpuram, Andhra Pradesh. The helicopter was under the command of line pilot and was assisted by copilot in the cockpit. There were 2 more persons one AME and technician on board the helicopter at the time of accident. 1 Helicopter took off from Hyderabad Begumpet Airport at 0928 UTC and was scheduled to land at Jagdalpur Aerodrome for refueling before proceeding to its final destination Raipur. The helicopter made last contact with Hyderabad ATC through relay IAC –941 flight when it reported its position at 0955 UTC as 60 miles from Hyderabad. When the helicopter last reported to the Hyderabad ATC, no abnormality was reported by the pilot. -
Korba District, Chhattisgarh 2012-2013
For official use GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTY OF WATER RESOURCES CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD GROUND WATER BROCHURE OF KORBA DISTRICT, CHHATTISGARH 2012-2013 Pondi-uprora Katghora Pali K o r b a Kartala Regional Director North Central Chhattisgarh Region, Reena Apartment, IInd Floor, NH-43, Pachpedi Naka, Raipur-492001 (C.G.) Ph. No. 0771-2413903, 2413689 E-mail: rdnccr- [email protected] ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author is grateful to Shri Sushil Gupta, Chairman, Central Ground Water Board for giving this opportunity to prepare the ‘Ground Water Brochure’ of Korba district, Chhattisgarh. The author is thankful to Shri K.C.Naik, Regional Director, Central Ground Water Board, NCCR, Raipur for his guidance and constant encouragement for the preparation of this brochure. The author is also thankful to Shri S .K. Verma, Sr Hydrogeologist (Scientist ‘C’) for his valuable comments and guidance. A. K. PATRE Scientist ‘C’ 1 GROUND WATER BROCHURE OF KORBA DISTRICT DISTRICT AT A GLANCE I. General 1. Geographical area : 7145.44 sq.km 2. Villages : 717 3. Development blocks : 5 nos 4. Population (2011) : 1206563 5. Average annual rainfall : 1329 mm 6. Major Physiographic unit : Northern Hilly and part of Chhattisharh Plain 7. Major Drainage : Hasdo, Teti, Son and Mand rivers 8. Forest area : 1866.07 sq. km II. Major Soil 1) Alfisols : Red gravelly, red sandy and red loamy 2) Ultisols : Lateritic soil, Red and yellow soil 3) Vertisols : Medium grey black soil III. Principal crops 1) Paddy : 109207 ha. 2) Wheat : 670 ha. 3) Pulses : 9556 ha. IV. Irrigation 1) Net area sown : 1314.68 sq. km 2) Gross Sown area : 1421.32 sq. -
Chhattisgarh State Roads Development Sector Project
E443 E443 ` ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK RRP:IND 37139 REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED LOAN TO INDIA FOR THE CHHATTISGARH STATE ROADS DEVELOPMENT SECTOR PROJECT November 2003 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 October 2003) Currency Unit – Indian rupee/s (Re/Rs) Re1.00 = $0.021 $1.00 = Rs45.5 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ARD – Agency for Road Development BOT – Build-operate-transfer CACS – Chhattisgarh AIDS Control Society FDGOC – Finance Department Government of Chhattisgarh PWDGOC – Public Works Department Government of Chhattisgarh TDGOC – Transport Department Government of Chhattisgarh CIDC – Chhattigarh Infrastructure Development Corporation DRA – dedicated road authority EIRR – economic internal rate of return EMMP – environmental Monitoring and Management Plan ESU environment and social unit GOC – Government of Chhattisgarh GOI – Government of India HDM – Highway Development and Maintenance Tool HIV/AIDS – human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunedeficiency syndrome ICB – international competitive bidding IEE – initial environmental examination IRC – Indian Roads Congress IRI – international roughness index ISA – initial social assessment JBIC – Japan Bank for International Cooperation LIBOR – London inter-bank offered rate NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government ends on 31 March. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. MORTH – Ministry of Road Transport and Highways MOT – Maintenance-operate-transfer MPRSD – Master Plan for Road Sector Development NGO – Non-government organization PIA – poverty impact assessment PIR – poverty impact ratio PIU – project implementation unit PMGSY – Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana PPTA – project participatory technical assistance PWD – Public Works Department PWDM – Public Works Department Manual RMC – Road Management Committee VOC – vehicle operating cost This report was prepared by a team consisting of: S. -
“Being Neutral Is Our Biggest Crime”
India “Being Neutral HUMAN RIGHTS is Our Biggest Crime” WATCH Government, Vigilante, and Naxalite Abuses in India’s Chhattisgarh State “Being Neutral is Our Biggest Crime” Government, Vigilante, and Naxalite Abuses in India’s Chhattisgarh State Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-356-0 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org July 2008 1-56432-356-0 “Being Neutral is Our Biggest Crime” Government, Vigilante, and Naxalite Abuses in India’s Chhattisgarh State Maps........................................................................................................................ 1 Glossary/ Abbreviations ..........................................................................................3 I. Summary.............................................................................................................5 Government and Salwa Judum abuses ................................................................7 Abuses by Naxalites..........................................................................................10 Key Recommendations: The need for protection and accountability.................. -
* RPO Guwahati Covers Five Other North-Eastern States Also at Present
* RPO Guwahati covers five other North-Eastern States also at present. **RPO Chandigarh covers parts of Punjab and Haryana. ***RPO Delhi covers parts of Haryana. @RPO Kolkata covers Sikkim and Tripura. ANNEXURE-III STATE-WISE LIST OF POST OFFICE PASSPORT SEVA KENDRAS (POPSKs) S.No. Locations State/UT Passport Office 1 Anantpur Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada 2 Bapatla Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada 3 Chittoor Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada 4 Gudivada Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada 5 Guntur Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada 6 Hindupur Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada 7 Kadappa Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada 8 Kodur Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada 9 Kurnool Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada 10 Nandyal Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada 11 Narasaraopet Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada 12 Nellore Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada 13 Ongole Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada 14 Amalapuram Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam 15 Eluru Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam 16 Kakinada Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam 17 Rajamundry Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam 18 Srikakulam Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam 19 Vizianagaram Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam 20 Yelamanchili Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam 21 Changlang Arunachal Pradesh Guwahati 22 Khonsa Arunachal Pradesh Guwahati 23 Barpeta Assam Guwahati 24 Dhubri Assam Guwahati 25 Dibrugarh Assam Guwahati 26 Goalpara Assam Guwahati 27 Golaghat Assam Guwahati 28 Jorhat Assam Guwahati 29 Karbi Anglong Assam Guwahati 30 Karimganj Assam Guwahati 31 Kokrajhar Assam Guwahati 32 Mangaldoi Assam Guwahati 33 Nawgong Assam Guwahati 34 North Lakhimpur Assam Guwahati 35 Silchar Assam Guwahati 36 Tezpur Assam Guwahati 37 Tinsukia -
List of NSH / ICH Intra Circle / L2 Hub Circle Name NSH / L1 Hub Name Name Telangana WARANGAL NSH KARIMNAGAR ICH Khammam ICH
List of NSH / ICH Intra Circle / L2 Hub Circle Name NSH / L1 Hub Name Name Telangana WARANGAL NSH KARIMNAGAR ICH Khammam ICH Telangana HYDERABAD NSH NIZAMABAD ICH NALGONDA ICH ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL NSH ANANTAPUR ICH ANDHRA PRADESH TIRUPATHI NSH Cuddapah ICH NELLORE ICH ANDHRA PRADESH VIJAYAWADA NSH GUNTUR ICH ONGOLE ICH ELURU ICH ANDHRA PRADESH VISAKHAPATNAM NSH RAJAHMUNDRY ICH SRIKAKULAM ICH Vizianagaram ICH ASSAM Dibrugarh NSH Jorhat ICH Tinsukia ICH ASSAM GUWAHATI NSH NAGAON SILCHAR TEZPUR BIHAR BARAUNI NSH – BIHAR MUZAFFARPUR NSH – BIHAR PATNA NSH CHHAPRA KIUL BHAGALPUR BIHAR GAYA NSH – CHATTISGARH RAIPUR NSH BILASPUR RAIGARH DURG JAGDALPUR ICH DELHI DELHI NSH – GUJRAT AHMEDABAD NSH HIMATNAGAR MEHSANA PALANPUR BHAVNAGAR BHUJ Dhola ICH GUJRAT RAJKOT NSH JAMNAGAR JUNAGADH SURENDRANAGAR GUJRAT SURAT NSH VALSAD GUJRAT VADODARA NSH BHARUCH GODHARA ANAND HARYANA GURGAON NSH FARIDABAD ICH REWARI ICH HARYANA KARNAL NSH – HARYANA ROHTAK NSH HISAR ICH HARYANA AMBALA NSH SOLAN MANDI HIMACHAL PRADESH SHIMLA NSH SOLAN ICH HIMACHAL PRADESH PATHANKOT NSH KANGRA HAMIRPUR JAMMUKASHMIR JAMMU NSH – JAMMUKASHMIR SRINAGAR NSH – JHARKHAND JAMSHEDPUR NSH JHARKHAND RANCHI NSH DALTONGANJ HAZARIBAGH ROAD JHARKHAND DHANBAD NSH B. DEOGHAR KARNATAKA BENGALURU NSH BALLARI ICH TUMAKURU ICH KARNATAKA BELAGAVI NSH – KARNATAKA KALABURAGI NSH RAICHUR ICH KARNATAKA HUBBALLI-DHARWAD NSH BAGALKOT ICH KUMTA ICH VIJAYAPURA ICH KARNATAKA MANGALURU NSH – KARNATAKA MYSURU NSH – KARNATAKA ARSIKERE NSH – KERALA KOCHI NSH Kottayam ICH KERALA THRISSUR PALAKKAD ICH KERALA TRIVANDRUM -
Studies on Ground Water Pollution Due to Iron Content and Water Quality in and Around, Jagdalpur, Bastar District, Chattisgarh, India
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2012, 4(8):3803-3807 ISSN : 0975-7384 Research Article CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Studies on ground water pollution due to iron content and water quality in and around, Jagdalpur, Bastar district, Chattisgarh, India Bhagirathi Behera*, Mira Das and G. S. Rana *QC Lab, Defence (R&D) Organisation, Jagdalpur *Dept of Chemistry, ITER, Siksha “O” Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The paper presents studies regarding the pollution of the groundwater in Jagadalpur. The water quality parameters viz pH, electrical conductivity(EC),Turbidity, Total dissolved salt (TDS), Sodium(Na), potassium(K), calcium(Ca), -2 - chloride(Cl), sulphate(SO4 ), Carbonate(CO3), Bicarbonate (HCO 3),fluoride (F ),Total hardness(TH),dissolved oxygen(DO), iron(Fe) were analysed. The result shows that the ground water from some sampling sites is within permissible limit according WHO. Keywords : Ground water, Quality of water, Jagdalpur, WHO _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Water is vital for the existence for all life forms and is essential for all activities of human beings (Dhar et al,1986).The effect of water pollution on human health is of serious nature (Rawat and Arora,1986).Drinking water plays an important role in the bodily intake of true element by human. Even though some trace elements are essential to man, at elevated levels essential as well as non essential element can cause morphological abnormalities reduce growth increase mortality and mutagenic effects [2-4] Ground water is about 20% of the world resources of fresh water and used in large amount for industry, irrigation and domestic activity. -
Village & Townwise Primary Census Abstract, Dhamtari, Part-XII-A & B
CENSUS OF INDIA 2001 SERIES - 23 CHHATTISGARH DISTRIC,T CENSUS HANDBOOK PART -A& B DHAMTARI DISTRICT VILLAGE & TOWN DIRECTORY VILLAGE & *TOWNWISE PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT Prabhakar Bansod, Director of the Indian Administrative Service Directorate of Census Operations, Chhattisgarh Product Code No. 22-013-2001-Cen-Book(E) Pt. Ravishankar Sagar Project-Gangrel Pt. Ravishankar Sagar Project also known as Gangrel Dam Project is the biggest of the series of dams bui It on Mahanadi River in Chhattisgarh. It is situated 13 k.m. from the district headquarters and 90 km. from state capital. The full reservoir level of this dam is 348.70 meters. This 1246 meters long dam has got 14 gates which control the flow of water to the down stream districts of Chhattisgarh and to the~state of Orissa. A hydel power project of the capicity of 10 mega watt is also located here. Canals, fed by this dam provides irrigation facilities to Dhamtari, Raipur and Durg districts of Chhattisgarh. (iv) INDIA CHHATTISGARH Dt3THICT DIIAMTAHJ KILOMETRES Total Number of Tahsils. .. 3 Totol Number of C.o.Blocks ..• 4 Total Number of Towns ...... 2 Total Number of Villages ..... 659 Total Area (in sq.km.). ..,3385.00 Total Population .. .,' 706591 I \; ; ,-" ',I. MA~'ARL~b-_" O~lagarlod (/) / ('l . ,_._._. -,' " , -._._ ..... y -- :l0' '30 BOUNDARY, STATE _~ ...... DlSTRICf _ • _ L991 2UOI i NA:GRI CoD, BLOCK I u I ......, . I~~ I .;..• .1 ~-I I 1_- I BOUNDARY, ~~TATE ! Ii D(';TlUCT il TAHSIL. ..... ..... J..... / C.D. BLOCI( ! ./ '\ . f1EADQUARn;RS. DISTllleT, TAflS!L, C.D. BLOCK ® @ 0 \" I NATIONAL HI(;JIWAY WITH NUMBER ~!t. -
Socio-Economic Survey Report of Villages in Dantewada
SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY & NEEDS ASSESSMENT STUDY IN ESSAR STEEL’S PROJECT VILLAGE Baseline Report of the villages located in three blocks of Dantewada in South Bastar Survey Team of Essar Foundation Deepak David Dr. Tej Prakash Pratik Sethe Socio-economic survey and Need assessment study Kirandul, Dist. Dantewada- Chhattisgarh TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. ESSAR STEEL INDIA LIMITED, VIZAG OPERATIONS - BENEFICIATION PLANT 1.2. ESSAR FOUNDATION 1.3. PROJECT LOCATION 1.4. OBJECTIVE 1.5. METHODOLOGY 1.6. STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT CHAPTER 2 AREA PROFILE 2.1. DISTRICT PROFILE 2.2. PROFILE OF THE VILLAGES 2.2.1. Location and Layout 2.2.2. Settlement pattern 2.2.3. Population 2.2.4. Sex Ratio 2.2.5. Literacy 2.2.6. Occupation 2.2.7. Education 2.2.8. Health services 2.2.9. Electrification 2.2.10. Road and transportation 2.2.11. Communication facilities CHAPTER 3 FINDING OF THE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY 3.1. BACKGROUND 3.2. METHODOLOGY 3.3. SOCIO- ECONOMIC PROFILES OF THE VILLAGES ESSAR FOUNDATION Page 2 of 86 Socio-economic survey and Need assessment study Kirandul, Dist. Dantewada- Chhattisgarh 3.3.1. # of HH members; Average # of members in HH 3.3.2. Caste/ Tribe and sub-group 3.3.3. Age- Sex Distribution 3.3.4. Marital Status 3.3.5. Literacy Rate 3.3.6. Migration 3.3.7. Occupation pattern 3.3.8. Employment and income 3.3.9. Dependency Ratio 3.3.10. Participation in Public Program 3.3.11. Livestock Population 3.3.12. -
DSO List of Chattisgarh
DSO list of Chattisgarh Sl.no Distt Name Designati Phone Mobile Address Email Email2 on 1 Koriya ShriC.Kerketta D.P.S.O. 07836‐ 9165836983 Room No.9‐10, deskoriya.cg@nic. topposanjay@gmail. (Baikunthpur 234450, Collectorate in com, ) 233405 premises, Koriya nikhilbhardwaj343@ 497335 gmail.com 2 Surguja Shri Suresh D.P.S.O. 07774‐ 9754658788 Collectorate ‐ sureshsingh.jkd@gm (Ambikapur) Kumar Singh 220422, premises, ail.com 220421 Surguja 497001 3 Jashpur Shri S. D.P.S.O. 07763‐ 9479944643 Collectorate dpsojashpur@gm shrivastava 220648 premises, ail.com Jashpur 496331 4 Raigarh Shri S.R. D.P.S.O. 07762‐ 9827960973 Collectorate dpsoraigarh@gm [email protected] Bhaskar 223241, premises, ail.com .in 223044 Raigarh 496001 5 Korba Mrs. D.P.S.O. 07759‐ 9977737783 Collectorate ‐ [email protected] MadhuSahu 227875, premises, Korba om 222886 495677 6 JanjgirCham Shri S. K. D.P.S.O. 07817‐ 9826769460 Collectorate ‐ [email protected] pa Kashyap 222773, premises, 224103 JanjgirChampa 7 Bilaspur Smt. D.P.S.O. 07752‐ 9907901797 Collectorate dpsobilaspur@gm PayalPandey 222251, premises, ail.com 223993 Bilaspur 495001 8 Kabirdham Smt. D.P.S.O. 07741‐ 8251029531 Collectorate dpsokwd@gmail. sadarrsuankurre@ya UshaKiran 232306 premises, com hoo.com Sharma Kabirdham 491995 9 Rajnandgaon Shri S.K. Dutta D.P.S.O. 07744‐ 9893310668 Room No.‐19, desrajnandgaon.c [email protected] 224608 Collectorate [email protected] om premises, Rajnandgaon 491441 10 Durg Mis. Prachi D.P.S.O. 0788‐ 9827402874 Collectorate dpsodurg@yahoo prachiemishra@india Mishra 2323137 premises, Durg .in times.com 491001 11 Raipur Shri B.L. D.P.S.O. -
Recognition of Community Rights Under FRA in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
Recognition of Community Rights under FRA in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh ChallengesChallenges andand WaysWays ForwardForward Study conducted by Samarthan Supported by UNDP Objectives • Review implementation of the Act in relation to the provisions of Community Rights • Understand the reasons for low or high claims and rejection of claims • Identify constraints and explore ways forward Methodology • 10 Districts ( 6 from MP and 4 from CG) • Selected on Community Claims and tribal population basis • 2 blocks with highest number of community claim • 12 villages from each block (1 where community claim was made and 1 where community claim was not made from each of below categories) – High Tribal Population (>60%) – Low Tribal Population (<20%) – Near Block HQ (Within 10 – 15 Kms) – Far from Block HQ (>40 Kms) – Near Forest (<10 Kms) – Far from forest (>20 Kms) Selected Districts – MP& CG Sample of Respondents Respondent Category Target Sample in MP CG Total One Unit Community Members 10 (Each Village) 720 480 1200 FRC Members 5 (Each Village) 360 240 600 Panchayat Secretary 1 (Each Village) 72 48 120 Official Who Conducted Gram Sabha 1 (Each Village) 72 48 120 SDLC Members (Non – Official) 3 (Each Sub-division) 36 24 60 SDLC Members (Officials) 3 (Each Sub-division) 36 24 60 DLC Members (Non-official) 3 (Each District) 18 12 30 DLC Members (Official) 3 (Each District) 18 12 30 Methods Used • Semi structured questionnaire • Focused Group Discussions • Participatory Appraisals • Interviews with stakeholders • Case Studies Defining Community