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History of Science and Technology: Unit: IV
History of science and Technology: Unit: IV Space research: It is scientific study carried out in outer space, and by studying outer space. From the use of space technology to the observable universe, space. Everyday benefits of space exploration • Improving our understanding of the human body. ... • Talking on cellular phones. ... • Satellites in our everyday lives. ... • Creating jobs in technology. ... • Taking action on climate change. ... • Making scientific discoveries. ... • Performing risky surgical procedures. ... • Getting young people interested in science Importance of space research: In the past four decades, space science and technology freed human beings from the confines of Earth. ... The peaceful uses of outer space provided a powerful tool for bringing about global cooperation and furthering of the well-being of humanity and the Earth's environment. Rockets: The United states and the soviet union created their own missile programs. The space research field evolved as scientific investigation based on advancing rocket technology. In 1948–1949 detectors on V-2 rocket flights detected x-rays from the Sun. Sounding rocketshelped show us the structure of the upper atmosphere. As higher altitudes were reached, space physics emerged as a field of research with studies of Earths aurora, ionosphere and magnetosphere. Artificial satellites The first artificial satellite, Russian Sputnik 1, launched on October 4, 1957, four months before the United States first, Explorer 1. The major discovery of satellite research was in 1958, when Explorer 1 detected the Van Allen radiation belts. Planetology reached a new stage with the Russian Luna programme between 1959 and 1976, a series of lunar probes which gave us evidence of the Moons chemical composition, gravity, temperature, soil samples, the first photographs of the far side of the Moon by LUNA 3, and the first remotely controlled robots (Lunokhod to land on another planetary body. -
A Clean Slate Airbus Pivots to Hydrogen For
November 2020 HOW NOT TO DEVELOP DEVELOP TO NOT HOW FIGHTERYOUR OWN SPACE THREATS SPACE AIR GETSCARGO LIFT A A CLEAN SLATE AIRBUS HYDROGEN TO PIVOTS FOR ZERO-CARBON ‘MOONSHOT’ www.aerosociety.com AEROSPACE November 2020 Volume 47 Number 11 Royal Aeronautical Society 11–15 & 19–21 JANUARY 2021 | ONLINE REIMAGINED The 2021 AIAA SciTech Forum, the world’s largest event for aerospace research and development, will be a comprehensive virtual experience spread over eight days. More than 2,500 papers will be presented across 50 technical areas including fluid dynamics; applied aerodynamics; guidance, navigation, and control; and structural dynamics. The high-level sessions will explore how the diversification of teams, industry sectors, technologies, design cycles, and perspectives can all be leveraged toward innovation. Hear from high-profile industry leaders including: Eileen Drake, CEO, Aerojet Rocketdyne Richard French, Director, Business Development and Strategy, Space Systems, Rocket Lab Jaiwon Shin, Executive Vice President, Urban Air Mobility Division, Hyundai Steven Walker, Vice President and CTO, Lockheed Martin Corporation Join fellow innovators in a shared mission of collaboration and discovery. SPONSORS: As of October 2020 REGISTER NOW aiaa.org/2021SciTech SciTech_Nov_AEROSPACE PRESS.indd 1 16/10/2020 14:03 Volume 47 Number 11 November 2020 EDITORIAL Contents Drone wars are here Regulars 4 Radome 12 Transmission What happens when ‘precision effects’ from the air are available to everyone? The latest aviation and Your letters, emails, tweets aeronautical intelligence, and social media feedback. Nagorno-Karabakh is now the latest conflict where a new way of remote analysis and comment. war is evolving with cheap persistent UAVs, micro-munitions and loitering 58 The Last Word anti-radar drones, striking tanks, vehicles, artillery pieces and even SAM 11 Pushing the Envelope Keith Hayward considers sites with lethal precision. -
Creating a Competitive Environment for Defense Aerospace in a Protectionist Multipolar World: a Study of India and Israel
Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal Volume 4 Article 1 Creating a Competitive Environment for Defense Aerospace in a Protectionist Multipolar World: A Study of India and Israel Shlok Misra Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, [email protected] Tanish Jain University of California San Diego, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/beyond Part of the Technology and Innovation Commons Recommended Citation Misra, Shlok and Jain, Tanish () "Creating a Competitive Environment for Defense Aerospace in a Protectionist Multipolar World: A Study of India and Israel," Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal: Vol. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://commons.erau.edu/beyond/vol4/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Creating a Competitive Environment for Defense Aerospace in a Protectionist Multipolar World: A Study of India and Israel Cover Page Footnote Shlok Misra is an undergraduate at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach. He is currently pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Science, with a minor in Airline Operations and Business Administration. Shlok is passionate about using technology for enhancing airspace efficiency and safety. Shlok’s research also focuses on studying human factors to enhance aviation safety. Shlok is currently a Commercial Pilot with an instrument rating. Tanish Jain is an undergraduate at the University of California, San Diego. He is currently pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering, with a focus on Machine Learning and Controls. -
Missilesmissilesdr Carlo Kopp in the Asia-Pacific
MISSILESMISSILESDr Carlo Kopp in the Asia-Pacific oday, offensive missiles are the primary armament of fighter aircraft, with missile types spanning a wide range of specialised niches in range, speed, guidance technique and intended target. With the Pacific Rim and Indian Ocean regions today the fastest growing area globally in buys of evolved third generation combat aircraft, it is inevitable that this will be reflected in the largest and most diverse inventory of weapons in service. At present the established inventories of weapons are in transition, with a wide variety of Tlegacy types in service, largely acquired during the latter Cold War era, and new technology 4th generation missiles are being widely acquired to supplement or replace existing weapons. The two largest players remain the United States and Russia, although indigenous Israeli, French, German, British and Chinese weapons are well established in specific niches. Air to air missiles, while demanding technologically, are nevertheless affordable to develop and fund from a single national defence budget, and they result in greater diversity than seen previously in larger weapons, or combat aircraft designs. Air-to-air missile types are recognised in three distinct categories: highly agile Within Visual Range (WVR) missiles; less agile but longer ranging Beyond Visual Range (BVR) missiles; and very long range BVR missiles. While the divisions between the latter two categories are less distinct compared against WVR missiles, the longer ranging weapons are often quite unique and usually much larger, to accommodate the required propellant mass. In technological terms, several important developments have been observed over the last decade. -
Greece's Unlikely Compellence Air Force
REPORT GREECE’S UNLIKELY COMPELLENCE AIR FORCE MODERNIZATION & DIPLOMATIC ASSERTIVENESS REPORT RIFAT ÖNCEL After a decade-long financial crisis, Greece recently initiated a comprehensive military modernization program. The country has undertaken a significant upgrade of its air force COMPELLENCE GREECE’S UNLIKELY inventory and is purchasing new fighter jets. Beside arms build-up, Greece is working hard to expand its alliance network in the Middle East while increasing its anti-Turkish pressure campaign across Europe and the United States. Although this policy has peaked recently, it is not a new phenomenon in the Greek security mindset. Originating from the so-called “Turkish threat”, this twofold effort has become the foundational element of Greek foreign and security strategies since Turkey’s Cyprus Peace Operation in 1974. Recent Greek military modernization and diplomatic activism is a clear demonstration of its decades-old compellence strategy, rather than a deterrence which its official disco- urse claims. If it were a policy of deterrence, it is consistently failing because Greece also claims that the regional status-quo is always changing, against its national interests, in favor of Turkey. Its strong emphasis on deterrence, in fact, belies its real strategy, one that is designed not to deter Turkey by dissuading it from taking a specific action but rather force it to renounce something that is already in process. In contemporary geopolitics, contrary to Greek demands, Turkey has been conducting seismic research, in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean Seas, under the protection of its navy and air force. Against this backdrop, Greece wants to boost its offensive capabilities, expand the num- ber of its allies, and ensure an international embargo on Turkey to force the latter to back down from its vital interests in the region. -
Air-To-Air Missile [UPSC Notes for GS III]
Air-to-Air Missile [UPSC Notes for GS III] An air-to-air missile (AAM) is a missile fired from an aircraft for the purpose of destroying another aircraft. AAMs are typically powered by one or more rocket motors, usually solid fueled but sometimes liquid- fueled. The topic finds relevance in GS-3 of the UPSC exam. Types of Air-to-Air Missiles Air-to-air missiles are broadly categorized into two groups: “Short range missiles” and “medium or long range missiles”. o The missiles designed to engage opposing aircraft at a range of less than 30 km are known as short-range or "within visual range" missiles. o The medium- or long-range missiles, both fall under the category of “beyond visual range” missiles, and often rely upon radar guidance. The short-range missiles are sometimes called "dogfight" missiles because they are designed to optimize their agility rather than range. Astra Air-to-Air Missile It is an all-weather missile developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation, and its production began in 2017. Astra is the smallest missile in terms of size and weight, developed by the DRDO. Type of missile: It is a Beyond-Visual Range Air-to-Air indigenously developed missile (BVRAAM). Specifications: o It has a terminal Active Radar Homing (ARH). ARH is a missile guidance method in which a missile contains a radar transceiver and the electronics necessary for it to find and track its target autonomously. o The missile is capable of engaging targets at varying ranges and altitudes for engagement with short-range and long-range targets. -
Bhakti Movement
TELLINGS AND TEXTS Tellings and Texts Music, Literature and Performance in North India Edited by Francesca Orsini and Katherine Butler Schofield http://www.openbookpublishers.com © Francesca Orsini and Katherine Butler Schofield. Copyright of individual chapters is maintained by the chapters’ authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Orsini, Francesca and Butler Schofield, Katherine (eds.), Tellings and Texts: Music, Literature and Performance in North India. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0062 Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/ In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit: http://www.openbookpublishers.com/isbn/9781783741021#copyright All external links were active on 22/09/2015 and archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine: https://archive.org/web/ Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at http:// www.openbookpublishers.com/isbn/9781783741021#resources ISBN Paperback: 978-1-78374-102-1 ISBN Hardback: 978-1-78374-103-8 ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-78374-104-5 ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 978-1-78374-105-2 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 9978-1-78374-106-9 DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0062 King’s College London has generously contributed to the publication of this volume. -
2019 Mistral MANPADS Datasheet
MISTRAL MANPADS LIGHTWEIGHT, MAN PORTABLE VSHORAD WEAPON Mistral MANPADS is a highly portable, easy-to-use fire-and-forget VSHORAD system featuring a Mistral Operational advantages missile launcher mounted on a tripod that can be • Fire-and-forget allowing engagement of multiple, operated from the ground, a vehicle or a vessel. simultaneous threats The easy to load launcher accommodates a single, • Enhanced ability to engage low IR signature targets ready-to-fire Mistral missile. (eg. drones) • Unequalled performance against the latest Mistral is a man-portable, fully digital, heat-seeking fire-and-forget countermeasures missile designed to meet the requirements of all branches of the • Easy to use, rapid reloading armed forces. It boasts a 96% proven success rate and higher • Can be operated day and night, in severe weather reliability than any other existing low-level air defence missile. and regardless of terrain conditions It integrates ultimate state-of-the-art technology to ensure optimum • Lightweight and easily man-portable by a two-person effectiveness. This includes a full imaging seeker providing high team (one for the firing post and one for the missiles) resistance to IR countermeasures and the ability to engage low IR • Can be integrated within a wider defence network signature targets. The missile’s large 3kg warhead associated with a laser proximity fuze combine to provide an impressive kill probability. MBDA contacts 1 ave Réaumur 92350 Le Plessis Robinson France GROUND BASED Tel: +33 1 71 54 10 00 AIR DEFENCE www.mbda-systems.com -
समाचार प से च यत अंश Newspapers Clippings
Dec 2020 समाचार प से चयत अशं Newspapers Clippings A Daily service to keep DRDO Fraternity abreast with DRDO Technologies, Defence Technologies, Defence Policies, International Relations and Science & Technology खंड : 45 अंक : 283 10 दसंबर 2020 Vol.: 45 Issue : 283 10 December 2020 ररा ववानान प ुपतकालयु तकालय DefenceDefence Science Science Library Library रार वैा वैानाकन कस चूसनूचान ाए एवव ं ं लेखनलेखन कक DefenceDefence Scientific Scientific Information Information & & Documentation Documentation Centre Centre , 110 054 मेटकॉफ हाउसहाउस, ददलल - - 110 054 MetcalfeMetcalfe House, House, Delhi Delhi - -110 110 054 054 CONTENTS S. No. TITLE Page No. DRDO News 1-11 DRDO Technology News 1-11 1. Quantum Communication between two DRDO Laboratories 1 2. दो डीआरडीओ योगशालाओं के बीच वांटम संचार 2 3. ' ' 3 ండ ఆఓ ప గాలల మధ ాంట కమష 4. DRDO successfully tests quantum key distribution tech for secure communication 4 between 2 facilities 5. डीआरडीओ ने दो योगशालाओं के बीच वांटम संचार का सफल परण कया 5 6. Bringing together top Scientists, Researchers on one platform 6 7. India offers LCA Tejas trainer variant to US Navy: Report 8 8. Big 2020 for Indian Armed Forces: China escalation to indigenisation push, 10 9 developments Defence News 11-15 Defence Strategic National/International 11-15 9. With China factor in play, Modi govt now open to Navy’s third aircraft carrier 11 demand 10. Submarine Day, celebrating the memory of INS Kalvari 12 11. -
Worldwide Equipment Guide Volume 2: Air and Air Defense Systems
Dec Worldwide Equipment Guide 2016 Worldwide Equipment Guide Volume 2: Air and Air Defense Systems TRADOC G-2 ACE–Threats Integration Ft. Leavenworth, KS Distribution Statement: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 1 UNCLASSIFIED Worldwide Equipment Guide Opposing Force: Worldwide Equipment Guide Chapters Volume 2 Volume 2 Air and Air Defense Systems Volume 2 Signature Letter Volume 2 TOC and Introduction Volume 2 Tier Tables – Fixed Wing, Rotary Wing, UAVs, Air Defense Chapter 1 Fixed Wing Aviation Chapter 2 Rotary Wing Aviation Chapter 3 UAVs Chapter 4 Aviation Countermeasures, Upgrades, Emerging Technology Chapter 5 Unconventional and SPF Arial Systems Chapter 6 Theatre Missiles Chapter 7 Air Defense Systems 2 UNCLASSIFIED Worldwide Equipment Guide Units of Measure The following example symbols and abbreviations are used in this guide. Unit of Measure Parameter (°) degrees (of slope/gradient, elevation, traverse, etc.) GHz gigahertz—frequency (GHz = 1 billion hertz) hp horsepower (kWx1.341 = hp) Hz hertz—unit of frequency kg kilogram(s) (2.2 lb.) kg/cm2 kg per square centimeter—pressure km kilometer(s) km/h km per hour kt knot—speed. 1 kt = 1 nautical mile (nm) per hr. kW kilowatt(s) (1 kW = 1,000 watts) liters liters—liquid measurement (1 gal. = 3.785 liters) m meter(s)—if over 1 meter use meters; if under use mm m3 cubic meter(s) m3/hr cubic meters per hour—earth moving capacity m/hr meters per hour—operating speed (earth moving) MHz megahertz—frequency (MHz = 1 million hertz) mach mach + (factor) —aircraft velocity (average 1062 km/h) mil milliradian, radial measure (360° = 6400 mils, 6000 Russian) min minute(s) mm millimeter(s) m/s meters per second—velocity mt metric ton(s) (mt = 1,000 kg) nm nautical mile = 6076 ft (1.152 miles or 1.86 km) rd/min rounds per minute—rate of fire RHAe rolled homogeneous armor (equivalent) shp shaft horsepower—helicopter engines (kWx1.341 = shp) µm micron/micrometer—wavelength for lasers, etc. -
C795ef75a891098c3298
2016 UPSC Civil Services Exam [SCIENCE & TECH + INTERNAL SECURITY] A Brief Overview and Conceptual Guide © Nitin Sangwan Beginner’s Note: On Science and Technology: 1. It is advisable that you read some NCERTs if you are not comfortable in science and technology section. But let me assure you, science and technology questions that are asked in UPSC are not questions of science and technology per se, but are more of current events. So, those from arts background need not panic about this portion of syllabus. UPSC now a days asks only some conceptual contemporary questions which are not at all difficult to understand. 2. When you come across any news item regarding some significant scientific development, just google it to have a better understanding. Since this portion is a dynamic one, read newspaper continuously to be fully aware. So far in past couple of years the questions which have been asked relate to very prominent scientific developments or some basic contemporary scientific concepts. On Internal Security 1. ‘India’ is a god source of having a good overview of our defence and security forces. Read its relevant chapters. 2. However, the questions which are likely to be asked in this section, will be more or less from current events or our historical policy related to some countries like Pakistan, China, USSR, USA etc. So, it is advisable that newspaper is read thoroughly. 3. Relevant summaries of 2nd ARC can also be read (if you have time, just glance through the relevant sections of the full report) – ‘Capacity Building for Conflict Resolution' (7th Report) ‘Combating Terrorism-Protecting By Righteousness’ (8th Report) Always keep things manageable. -
Vayu Issue V Sep Oct 2016
V/2016 Aerospace & Defence Review The Indian Air Force at 84 Dassault Rafales Ordered Saving the Tejas Challenges and Opportunities Smarter Eyes in Skies Securing of Air Power Aerial Threats & Defences Lockheed Martin FOR INDIA. FROM INDIA. EXPORTED TO THE WORLD. AT LOCKHEED MARTIN, WE’RE ENGINEERING A BETTER TOMORROW. © 2016 LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION Live: H: NA Trim: H: 280mm W: 215mm Job Number: FG16-03934T Designer: Kevin Gray Bleed: H: 286mm W: 221mm Publication: Vayu Aerospace Q/A: Becky Maddux Gutter: None Visual: F-16 India Communicator: Carla Krivanek Resolution: 300 DPI Country: India Due Date: 7/13/16 Density: 300 Color Space: CMYK V/2016 V/2016 Aerospace & Defence Review The IAF at 84: Securing India’s This second part of the articles, covers 36 62 Vayu’s visit to Airbus Defence & Interview with CAS Air Power Space in Germany, that to the Airbus Helicopters site at Donauworth in Germany, engaged in production of several rotorcraft including the Tiger The Indian Air Force at 84 and NH90. Dassault Rafales Ordered Saving the Tejas Challenges and Opportunities Smarter Eyes in Skies Securing of Air Power Aerial Threats & Defences 92 Smarter Eyes Cover: Dassault Rafale, the IAF’s new generation in the Skies multi role combat aircraft (photo: Dassault) In his exclusive interview with Vayu, Air Air Vice Marshal Manmohan Bahadur Chief Marshal Arup Raha gives answers of the Centre for Air Power Studies, EDITORIAL PANEL to various questions on state of the IAF lays down the Master Document, today and imminent acquisitions of new considered the Indian Union War Book, MANAGING EDITOR generation fighters – and much else.