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Merging Macromolecular and Supramolecular Chemistry Into Bioinspired Synthesis of Complex Systems

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Merging Macromolecular and Supramolecular Chemistry Into Bioinspired Synthesis of Complex Systems Review DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202000004 Merging Macromolecular and Supramolecular Chemistry into Bioinspired Synthesis of Complex Systems Virgil Percec*[a] Abstract: A brief and personalized historical review that after and influenced these developments as well as the describes the merger of macromolecular and supramolecular experience of the author during his stays at the Hermann chemistry to generate the new field of bioinspired synthesis Staudinger House that hosts the Institute of Macromolecular of complex systems is presented. Historical scientific events Chemistry from the University of Freiburg are also part of that took place during the days of Hermann Staudinger and this review. Keywords: macromolecular and supramolecular chemistry · self-assembly · supramolecular dendrimers · helical chirality · polyphenylacetylene 1. Introduction last graduate student of Staudinger, they provided me mentor- ship both for my new life in Germany and in US. 1.1 The Hermann Staudinger House at the University of At that time HSH was the leading educational Institution Freiburg was for Many Years my First Home! in the world of Macromolecular Science. The next few generations of German academics were either graduate In 1981 I defected the country I was born and educated. The students, doing habilitation or being postdocs in the HSH. At Hermann Staudinger House (HSH) that hosts the Institute of that time almost every top scientist in the field would pass by Macromolecular Chemistry at the University of Freiburg was Freiburg for a seminar. Special connections with industry, the first Institution to provide me a new home. Professors H.-J. BASF, BAYER and HOECHST, to mention just few leading Cantow and G. Wegner were its two directors at that time. German companies that ultimately, I ended consulting for, Together with Professor Helmut Ringsdorf (Figure 1),[1a] the made HSH the ideal place where the young generation of future scientists would learn everything about macromolecular chemistry and the real scientific life in a very accelerated way. One month later, a letter from Professor J. P. Kennedy invited me to join his laboratory at the University of Akron. This was an old invitation that dated back to the days of my PhD when I was not allowed to travel even to Eastern countries. Professor Cantow advised me to stay in Germany. When I asked what do you think I would I do in Germany, he stated that most probably I would become a Professor by next year. However, when I decided to go to US the German community continued to provide me with advice and help. The most memorable event in Akron was soon after my arrival when Herman Mark came to give a plenary lecture for the anniversary of the Institute of Polymer Science. I reintroduced myself to him reminding him that I was an undergraduate student in Iasi when he visited to receive a Doctor Honoris Causa. I also mentioned that I defected the country. He shook my hand and said: “Of course I remember you Virgil. Welcome to this country! Now you are one of ours.” I will never forget his cordial welcoming sentence. How could he remember one of [a] V. Percec Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Figure 1. Virgil Percec (far left) next to Helmut Ringsdorf, the last Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of PhD student of Hermann Staudinger, H.-J. Cantow and Martin Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United Moeller (in the middle) during the IUPAC Symposium in Amherst, States [1a] USA, in 1982. E-mail: [email protected] Isr. J. Chem. 2020, 60, 1–20 © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 1 These are not the final page numbers! �� Review the many underdraduate students when he passed though the Research published more papers in JACS per year than lab I was in? This was Herman Mark, the gentleman who Harvard together with Caltech. Not only that they pioneered could build with no money the first school of Polymer Science the field of polymers but also organometallic, metathesis, in US. I felt very bad when few years later he called my office fluorine, supramolecular chemistry to name just a few. I could and invited me to become an Editor of the Journal of Polymer not turn down when several years ago the German community Science. I turned him down saying that I think I am too young asked me to edit a book[1] dedicated to the 60th anniversary of to invest my time in editorial work. When several year later he the Nobel Prize of Hermann Staudinger (Figure 3). called again, I accepted. On March 1, 1982 I joined the I searched through his life and all places he has been Department of Macromolecular Science of Case Western educated or was a faculty, Halle, Strasbourg, Karlsruhe, Reserve University in Cleveland as a faculty. During late Zurich, Freiburg, and to my surprise nobody turned down my 1982, early 1983 when Professor Wegner decided to build the invitation to contribute to this book. As a consequence, the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research in Mainz and be one volume book became two volumes. In addition, with this its first Director HSH asked me to consider replacing him. occasion I learned about Staudinger more than he would have This was the equivalent of following in the footsteps of liked anybody to know about him except for himself. This book Hermann Staudinger. It was a very hard call for me to turn contains as much as needed to learn everything about down and therefore, I did it as polite as I could: “I had six Staudinger. For these and many other reasons Hermann months during which time I changed between four different Staudinger House was, is and will remain a very special place Departments and Universities located in three different for me. Early polymer studies done before or in parallel by countries located on two different continents. Therefore, I Berzelius, Svedberg, Carothers, Ranby, Flory, Mark, Mora- would prefer to spend some time in one place in order to wetz, Pedersen and many other who contributed to the restart my research activities.” HSH was very friendly at my development of the field of polymer or macromolecular reply and offered me a visiting professor with support for me science were discussed in historical articles and books.[2] I find and my graduate students from US. In the summer of 1984 particularly interesting that even the Nobel Lecture of when I needed more laboratory space at CWRU I was back in Pedersen on supramolecular chemistry discusses polymer Freiburg with three of my graduate students: Brian C. Auman chemistry work done at DuPont Experimental Station.[2j] In (Figure 2), Jose M. Rodriguez-Parada, both now at the Central order to follow in more details the history events discussed Research, Experimental Station of DuPont, known for many here I recommend at least references 1a,b, 2a,f,h and 24d to be years as one of the three Industrial American Universities, the consulted. other two were Bell Labs and IBM, and Timothy D. Shaffer, now at Central Research of Exxon. Soon after I became a faculty, I was invited to consult for DuPont Central Research. 2. How Would Polymer Science be Today if Karl I did it for about 30 years. However, I never visited them for Ziegler Would Have Decided to Pursue in the the consulting fee but for the intellectual challenge of discussing with its top scientists. 1920th–1930th Living Anionic Polymerization I never let my colleagues from Case Western Reserve Rather than Ziegler-Natta Polymerization of University know that in fact I was going to DuPont to take Ethylene? classes at the DuPont Industrial University while I was being paid as a consultant. There were days that DuPont Central In the 1920th to 1930th Karl Ziegler demonstrated that alkyl Professor Virgil Percec was born and educated in Romania. In 1981 he defected his native country and after short postdoctoral stays at the Hermann Staudinger House of the University of Freiburg and University of Akron he joined Case Western Reserve University on March 1, 1982 as an Assistant Professor. He was promoted to Associate Professor in 1984, to Professor in 1986 and to Leonard Case Jr Chair Professor in 1993. In 1999 he joined University of Pennsylvania as P. Roy Vagelos Chair and Professor of Chemistry. He serves as Editor and on the Editorial Boards of 24 journals, co-authored 775 peer reviewed publications, 60 patents, edited 20 books and gave over 1250 invited, plenary and endowed lectures. He has 3 Doctor Honoris Causa and received numerous awards. Of interest for the readers of this publication are the ACS Award in Polymer Chemistry (2004), Staudinger Medal from ETH (2005), H. F. Mark Medal and Award from the Austrian Institute for Science and Technology (2008), Honorary Member of the Israel Chemical Society (2009), Inaugural ACS Lecture and Award Kavli Foundation Innovations in Chemistry (2011), foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences IVA (2013), “Petru Poni” Medal of the Romanian Chemical Society (2014), Humboldt Award for Senior US Scientists (1997, 2011), NSF Award for creativity in Research (1990, 1995, 2000, 2015) and the C. Simionescu ACS Award and Medal in collaboration with the Romanian International Chapter for Excellence in Macromolecular Chemistry (2015). He is most known for his work on the elaboration of the stereoisomers of polyarylacetylenes, molecular, macromolecular and supramolecular liquid crystals with complex architecture, discovery and development of Ni-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling, borylation and mixed-ligand concepts, discovery of self- assembling dendrimers, elaboration of bioinspired synthesis of complex systems and synthetic cell biology, living polymerization methods for arylacetylenes, for radical and for condensation polymerizations.
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