Typhoons and Hurricanes
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P1.24 a Typhoon Loss Estimation Model for China
P1.24 A TYPHOON LOSS ESTIMATION MODEL FOR CHINA Peter J. Sousounis*, H. He, M. L. Healy, V. K. Jain, G. Ljung, Y. Qu, and B. Shen-Tu AIR Worldwide Corporation, Boston, MA 1. INTRODUCTION the two. Because of its wind intensity (135 mph maximum sustained winds), it has been Nowhere 1 else in the world do tropical compared to Hurricane Katrina 2005. But Saomai cyclones (TCs) develop more frequently than in was short lived, and although it made landfall as the Northwest Pacific Basin. Nearly thirty TCs are a strong Category 4 storm and generated heavy spawned each year, 20 of which reach hurricane precipitation, it weakened quickly. Still, economic or typhoon status (cf. Fig. 1). Five of these reach losses were ~12 B RMB (~1.5 B USD). In super typhoon status, with windspeeds over 130 contrast, Bilis, which made landfall a month kts. In contrast, the North Atlantic typically earlier just south of where Saomai hit, was generates only ten TCs, seven of which reach actually only tropical storm strength at landfall hurricane status. with max sustained winds of 70 mph. Bilis weakened further still upon landfall but turned Additionally, there is no other country in the southwest and traveled slowly over a period of world where TCs strike with more frequency than five days across Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi in China. Nearly ten landfalling TCs occur in a and Yunnan Provinces. It generated copious typical year, with one to two additional by-passing amounts of precipitation, with large areas storms coming close enough to the coast to receiving more than 300 mm. -
Abstract Mainly Focusing on the Total Amount of the Present Sediment Investigation Strategies in the Contaminated Sediments and Its Distribution
Innovative use of remote sensing in combination with chemical borehole data results in superior insights in the spread of contaminated sediments Haan, W.F. de1, Fontein, W.F.2, Oosterbaan, H.E.³ 1Waternet, Sector Watersysteem, PO box 94370, 1090 GJ Amsterdam, Nl. Phone: +3120-6083606 2Stema Survey Services B.V., PO box 69, 4190 CB Geldermalsen, NL E-mail: [email protected] 2Oranjewoud Consulting Engineers, PO Box 10044, 1301 AA Almere-Stad, NL Abstract mainly focusing on the total amount of the Present sediment investigation strategies in the contaminated sediments and its distribution. These Netherlands are based on sampling and chemical investigations were carried out in cooperation with analyses in boreholes. In natural rivers, where the Oranjewoud Consulting Engineers and Stema Survey lateral variation of the contaminated silt layer is Services as specialized subcontractors on survey and considerable, this strategy will lead to extensive high resolution seismics. investigations to asses the layer thickness and location adequately. Waternet carried out Situation and history investigations in the former? river Vecht with an The project area is the river Vecht situated in the innovative process consisting of a combination of provinces Utrecht and Noord-Holland, in the very high resolution seismics, echo sounding, Netherlands. The river Vecht starts in Utrecht and sampling boreholes and chemical analyses of ends at the old sea sluices in Muiden. It has a length borehole samples. This combination is chosen due to of 42 km and its width varies between 25 tot 100 m the lateral variability in thickness, top- and base level with an average of 55 m. -
Is Nuclear Power History? the Awesome Power of Water
GENERATION Is nuclear power history? The awesome power of water... by Chris Meyer, technical journalist This is the 13th in a series of articles being published in Energize tracing the history of nuclear power throughout the world, and some key renewable alternatives. “It was the worst maritime disaster in U.S. repaired. Instead of “removing and replacing as part of the Los Angeles Aqueduct. Three history, more costly than even the April 14, the bulge in the boiler”, the ship’s captain minutes before midnight on March 12, 1928, 1912 sinking of the Titanic, when 1 517 people merely ordered “a patch of metal put over the dam catastrophically failed, and the were lost… It is scarcely remembered today.” the bulge”. This repair could be done “in one resulting flood killed more than 600 people.” National Geographic News (Ref. 3;1) day”, while proper repairs, which would have (Ref. 4; 1) taken “three to four days”, would have meant “It” was the sinking of the steamboat Sultana Until 1995, the failure of the St. Francis dam that other steamboats would have taken the almost 121 years to the day before the was thought to have been “the worst civil POWs home: and made a huge amount of Chernobyl disaster. Like Chernobyl, a massive engineering failure of the 20th century”. money (Ref. 3;2). steam explosion was the culprit. But, unlike However, we now know otherwise. The largest Chernobyl, the steam explosion that killed The result of all this was that, at 02h00 on the civil engineering disaster was unimaginably more than 1700 people shortly after 02h00 on morning of 27 April, more than 1700 ( some greater, and occurred not in the USA, or 27 April 1865 has long been forgotten. -
Frisian Language, As It Is Probable That the Received Its Present Form Substantially at This Time
T HE F RI S I A N LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE A HI S TORI CA L S T UD K A R L " E XT E N T F F RI S I A I . E O . 1 ‘ LA I CA L RE FE RENCE C SS S S . TO FRI IA 1 D “ lin . P 7 . : y , who wrote about A , says I n the Rhine itself is the most renowned islan d of the Batavi and the Can n en efate s and of Frisiav o n es S tu rii s other islands the Frisians , Chanci , , and Mar ii He lin iu m Fle v u m sac . , which are scattered between and These m on th are the names of the two s into which the Rhine divides . I t to empties its waters to the north into the lakes there , and the west ” l M a a tw o of into the s . The branches the Rhine here mentioned T he are the eastern and western . eastern was formed from the Sala or "ssel W l th which the waters of the Rhi n e were connected of L Ple v o by the canal Drusus, and which flowed through ake and o f entered the sea between the islands Terschelling and Ameland . m ’ I ts lower course bore later the na e of the Fli . The western 1 I n Rheno autem ips o nobili s s im a Ba tav o r u m in s ula e t Can n e n e fatiu m aliae F e t r isio r u m , Cha u co r u m , F r isiav o n u m , Stu r io r u m , M arsa cio ru m quae s te r n u n te r inter Helin iu m e t Fle v u m : ita appell an tu r o stia in quae ' e flu su s Rhe n u s a s e pte n tr io n e in Iacu s ab occidente in am n em Mo sam s e a it . -
Downloaded 10/03/21 01:41 AM UTC 1726 WEATHER and FORECASTING VOLUME 33
DECEMBER 2018 R E N E T A L . 1725 An Objective Track Similarity Index and Its Preliminary Application to Predicting Precipitation of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones a a,b a,c a,d b FUMIN REN, WENYU QIU, CHENCHEN DING, XIANLING JIANG, LIGUANG WU, e a YINGLONG XU, AND YIHONG DUAN a State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China b Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China c College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China d Hainan Meteorological Observatory, Haikou, China e National Typhoon and Marine Weather Forecast Center, Beijing, China (Manuscript received 22 January 2018, in final form 4 September 2018) ABSTRACT Combining dynamical model output and statistical information in historical observations is an innovative approach to predicting severe or extreme weather. In this study, in order to examine a dynamical–statistical method for precipitation forecasting of landfalling tropical cyclones (TC), an objective TC track similarity area index (TSAI) is developed. TSAI represents an area of the enclosed scope surrounded by two TC tracks and two line segments connecting the initiating and ending points of the two tracks. The smaller the TSAI value, the greater the similarity of the two TC tracks, where a value of 0 indicates that the two tracks overlap completely. The TSAI is then preliminarily applied to a precipitation forecast test of landfalling TCs over South China. Given the considerable progress made in TC track forecasting over past few decades, TC track forecast products are also used. -
VU Research Portal
VU Research Portal Holocene development of the marker Wadden area, Lake IJssel (The former Zuider Zee), the Netherlands Troelstra, Simon; Laban, Cees; Prins, Maarten; Beets, Kay; van Diepen, Maarten; Grooteman, Lucien; Hageman, Bas; Portanger, Leonie; Rumping, Sylvain; Sadhoeram, Archana published in Baltica 2018 DOI (link to publisher) 10.5200/baltica.2018.31.03 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record document license Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Troelstra, S., Laban, C., Prins, M., Beets, K., van Diepen, M., Grooteman, L., Hageman, B., Portanger, L., Rumping, S., & Sadhoeram, A. (2018). Holocene development of the marker Wadden area, Lake IJssel (The former Zuider Zee), the Netherlands. Baltica, 31(1), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2018.31.03 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. -
The Historical Geography of the Amstel Area (800–1275 AD)
Netherlands Journal of Geosciences — Geologie en Mijnbouw |94 – 4 | 353–360 | 2015 doi:10.1017/njg.2014.42 Digging the river: the historical geography of the Amstel area (800–1275 AD) C. de Bont Paganellus Minor, Rhenen, the Netherlands. Email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 17 January 2014, accepted: 25 November 2014 Abstract Around 800 AD the peatlands around Amstelland were drained by two rivers. The ‘northern’ Amstel discharged surplus water directly into Lake Almere, which from the 12th century onwards was enlarged to form the Sudersee (in Dutch: Zuiderzee). The ‘southern’ Amstel was a near-abandoned westernmost arm of the River Vecht discharging the poorly drained borderland around the river Vecht into Lake Almere/the Sudersee. As part of the reclamation of peatlands associated with agricultural activities between the end of the 10th and the mid-13th centuries, the rivers were connected via a canal, thus creating the river Amstel, as it is known today. Keywords: historical geography, Amstel, Amstelland, Mediaeval peat reclamation Introduction reclamation history of the peatland, in which pre-urban Ams- terdam has its origins. It took less than three centuries to reclaim the vast peat areas near Amsterdam. Reclamation started at the end of the 10th Text 1: Historiography century and was completed by the end of the 13th century. Within these three centuries, the morphology of the peatlands In modern Amsterdam, the dug Amstel canal is the part of changed considerably: peat domes and ridges, which reached the Amstel river running from Omval to the Blauwbrug. The around 4 m above sea level (the ‘Dutch mountains’ of the west- historiography on this idea starts with Groesbeek, who in 1966 ern Netherlands) completely disappeared, and catchment areas, cautiously questioned the idea of one river Amstel (Groesbeek, watershed margins and river drainage all changed. -
Characteristics and Causes of Extreme Rainfall Induced by Binary Tropical Cyclones Over China
Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Online ISSN 1976-7951 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-020-00201-6 Print ISSN 1976-7633 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Characteristics and Causes of Extreme Rainfall Induced by Binary Tropical Cyclones over China Mingyang Wang1,2 & Fumin Ren2 & Yanjun Xie3 & Guoping Li1 & Ming-Jen Yang4 & Tian Feng1,2 Received: 8 November 2019 /Revised: 28 March 2020 /Accepted: 29 March 2020 # The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Binary tropical cyclones (BTC) often bring disastrous rainfall to China. From the viewpoint of the extreme of the BTC maximum daily rainfall, the characteristics of BTC extreme rainfall (BTCER) during 1960–2018 are analyzed, using daily rainfall data; and some representative large-scale mean flows, in which the associated BTCs are embedded, are analyzed. Results show that the frequency of BTCER shows a decreasing trend [−0.49 (10 yr)−1] and is mainly distributed within the BTC heavy rainstorm interval (100 mm ≤ BTCER <250 mm). BTCER occurs mostly from July to September with a peak in August. Three BTCER typical regions— Minbei, the Pearl River Delta (PRD), and Taiwan—are identified according to the clustering of stations with high BTCER frequency and large BTCER. A further analysis of the 850-hPa BTC composite horizontal wind and water vapor flux over the PRD region shows the existence of two water vapor transport channels, which transport water vapor to the western tropical cyclone. In the first of these channels, the transport takes place via the southwest monsoon, which accounts for 58% of the total moisture, and an easterly flow associated with eastern tropical cyclone accounts for the remaining 42%. -
Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide, 1900-Present
DISASTER HISTORY Signi ficant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide, 1900 - Present Prepared for the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance Agency for International Developnent Washington, D.C. 20523 Labat-Anderson Incorporated Arlington, Virginia 22201 Under Contract AID/PDC-0000-C-00-8153 INTRODUCTION The OFDA Disaster History provides information on major disasters uhich have occurred around the world since 1900. Informtion is mare complete on events since 1964 - the year the Office of Fore8jn Disaster Assistance was created - and includes details on all disasters to nhich the Office responded with assistance. No records are kept on disasters uhich occurred within the United States and its territories.* All OFDA 'declared' disasters are included - i.e., all those in uhich the Chief of the U.S. Diplmtic Mission in an affected country determined that a disaster exfsted uhich warranted U.S. govermnt response. OFDA is charged with responsibility for coordinating all USG foreign disaster relief. Significant anon-declared' disasters are also included in the History based on the following criteria: o Earthquake and volcano disasters are included if tbe mmber of people killed is at least six, or the total nmber uilled and injured is 25 or more, or at least 1,000 people art affect&, or damage is $1 million or more. o mather disasters except draught (flood, storm, cyclone, typhoon, landslide, heat wave, cold wave, etc.) are included if the drof people killed and injured totals at least 50, or 1,000 or mre are homeless or affected, or damage Is at least S1 mi 1l ion. o Drought disasters are included if the nunber affected is substantial. -
Historical Geography of the South-Vallei and Middle Betuwe
Boniface in the Betuwe and the Vallei Christopher Rigg Local geography governed the movements of the missionaries who brought Christianity from Britannia to the northern Netherlands between about 680 and 760. The area of the Netherlands where their work was concentrated lies along the border between the modern provinces of Utrecht and Guelderland. That border follows a low-lying north-south valley, the Vallei or Guelder Vallei. To the south lies the flood-plain of the Rhine and the Meuse called the *Betuwe,1 part of Guelderland. It was known to the Romans as Batavia. Before the construction of dikes from about 1250, there was a network of channels. Each farm, church or other building was set on an artificial mound called terp or woerd. The centre of the missionaries' work was below the town of *Rhenen, which stands at the south-east point of the *Utrecht Hill Ridge overlooking the area where *Dorestad and *Trecht stood in the flood plain until both were destroyed by a severe flood in 1134.2 From the 4th/5th Century till 718, Rhenen was capital of the prosperous Kingdom of the *Frisiani.3 It traded with England, Denmark and Cologne. In 944 (g85 u106), it was the scene of the imperial council (rijksdag/Reichstag) of Otto the Great (912–973). By contrast, *Utrecht was uninhabited after the Romans departed until about 870.4 It lies 38 km north-west of Rhenen on the Utrecht Old Rhine, which ran north-west to the sea at Zandvoort west of Leyden (North Holland). That branch separates from the larger Lek at Wijk bij Duurstede 19 km west of Trecht and Dorestad. -
The Historical Geography of the Amstel Area (800–1275 AD)
Netherlands Journal of Geosciences — Geologie en Mijnbouw |94 – 4 | 353–360 | 2015 doi:10.1017/njg.2014.42 Digging the river: the historical geography of the Amstel area (800–1275 AD) C. de Bont Paganellus Minor, Rhenen, the Netherlands. Email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 17 January 2014, accepted: 25 November 2014 Abstract Around 800 AD the peatlands around Amstelland were drained by two rivers. The ‘northern’ Amstel discharged surplus water directly into Lake Almere, which from the 12th century onwards was enlarged to form the Sudersee (in Dutch: Zuiderzee). The ‘southern’ Amstel was a near-abandoned westernmost arm of the River Vecht discharging the poorly drained borderland around the river Vecht into Lake Almere/the Sudersee. As part of the reclamation of peatlands associated with agricultural activities between the end of the 10th and the mid-13th centuries, the rivers were connected via a canal, thus creating the river Amstel, as it is known today. Keywords: historical geography, Amstel, Amstelland, Mediaeval peat reclamation Introduction reclamation history of the peatland, in which pre-urban Ams- terdam has its origins. It took less than three centuries to reclaim the vast peat areas near Amsterdam. Reclamation started at the end of the 10th Text 1: Historiography century and was completed by the end of the 13th century. Within these three centuries, the morphology of the peatlands In modern Amsterdam, the dug Amstel canal is the part of changed considerably: peat domes and ridges, which reached the Amstel river running from Omval to the Blauwbrug. The around 4 m above sea level (the ‘Dutch mountains’ of the west- historiography on this idea starts with Groesbeek, who in 1966 ern Netherlands) completely disappeared, and catchment areas, cautiously questioned the idea of one river Amstel (Groesbeek, watershed margins and river drainage all changed. -
WMO Assessment of Weather and Climate Mortality Extremes: Lightning, Tropical Cyclones, Tornadoes, and Hail
JULY 2017 C E R V E N Y E T A L . 487 WMO Assessment of Weather and Climate Mortality Extremes: Lightning, Tropical Cyclones, Tornadoes, and Hail a b c d RANDALL S. CERVENY, PIERRE BESSEMOULIN, CHRISTOPHER C. BURT, MARY ANN COOPER, e f g h ZHANG CUNJIE, ASHRAF DEWAN, JONATHAN FINCH, RONALD L. HOLLE, i j k l LAURENCE KALKSTEIN, ANDRIES KRUGER, TSZ-CHEUNG LEE, RODNEY MARTÍNEZ, m m n o M. MOHAPATRA, D. R. PATTANAIK, THOMAS C. PETERSON, SCOTT SHERIDAN, p q r BLAIR TREWIN, ANDREW TAIT, AND M. M. ABDEL WAHAB a School of Geographical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona b Climate Services, Météo-France, Paris, France c The Weather Company, IBM, Oakland, California d African Centres for Lightning and Electromagnetics Network, Kampala, Uganda e National Climate Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China f Western Australian School of Mines, Department of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia g National Weather Service, NOAA, Dodge City, Kansas h Vaisala, Inc., Tucson, Arizona i Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida j Climate Service, South African Weather Service, and Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa k Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China l Centro Internacional para la Investigación del Fenómeno del Niño, Guayaquil, Ecuador m India Meteorological Department, New Delhi, India n World Meteorological Organization Commission for Climatology,