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Permian to Jurassic Redbeds of the Williston Basin

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Permian to Jurassic Redbeds of the Williston Basin PERMIAN TO JURASSIC REDBEDS OF THE WILLISTON BASIN C. G. Carlson North Dakota Industrial Commission Oil and Gas Division MISCELLANEOUS SERIES 78 NORTH DAKOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY John P. Bluem1e, State Geologist 1993 INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF NORTH DAKOTA Eclward T. SclWer Heidi Heitkamp Sarah Vogel GOVERNOR ATTORNEY GENERAL COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE NORTH DAKOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY John P. Bluemle, State Geologist William A. McClellan, Asst. State Geologist SURVEY STAFF Richard A. Baker, Drafting Tedmicilm Robert F. Biek, Geologist Randolph B. Burke, CArbonate Geologist Paul E. Diehl, Geologist LaRae L Fey, Infrn'm4tion Processor Operator Phillip L Greer, Geologist Thomas J. Heck,. Geologist Tracy A. Henman. Infot7/Ul.tion Proassor Operator Darby A. Henke, Infot7lUl.tUm Processor Operator John W. Hoganson, Paleontologist Kent E. Hollands, Core Library Tedmtdan Karen M. Gutenkunst, Business MlUUlger Julie A. LeFever, Geologist/Core Library Director Jim S. Lindholm, Data Processing Coordinator Mark R. Luther, Geologist/GIS Manager Eula M. Mailloux, Clerk Annette M. MAter!, Receptionist Sharon M. Murfield-Tyler, GIS Analyst Edward C. Murphy, Environmental Geologist Russell D. Prange, Lab Tedrnicilltl Evie A. Roberson, Administrative Offiar Dean J. Tyler, GIS AtlIllyst NORTH DAKOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1993 600 EAST BOULEVARD, BISMARCK ND 58505~ Mountain Association of Geologists, tion of Geologists, Denver, Colorado, p. Denver, Colorado, p. 166-176. 177-189. Nordquist, J. W., 1955, Pre-Rierdon Jurassic Seager, O. A., el al" 1941: American Association Stratigraphy in Northern Montana and Petroleum Geologists BuUetin, v. 26, p. Williston Basin: Billings Geological 1415, 1421. Society, Sixth Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p. 96-106. Slott, D. F., 1955, Jurassic Stratigraphy of Manitoba: Manitoba Mines Branch Publi­ Peterson, J. A., 1957, Marine Jurassic of Northern cation 54-2, 78 p. Rocky Mountains and Williston Basin: American Association ofPetroleum Geolo­ Vail, P. R., Mitchum, R. M., and Thompson, S. gists BuUelin, v. 41, p. 399-440. lII, 1987, seismic Stratigraphy and Global Changes ofSea Level, Part 4; Global Cycles Peterson, J.A., 1972, Jurassic System: in Geologic of Relative Change of Sea Level: American Atlas of the Rocky MounlJlin Region; Association Petroleum Geologists Treatiseof edited by Mallory, W. W.; Rocky Moun­ Petroleum Geology Reprint Series No. I, p. tain Association of Geologists, Denver, 313-327. Colorado, p. 177-189. Zieglar, D. L., 1956, Pre-Piper post-Minnekahta Rascoe, Bailey, Jr., and Baars, D. L., 1972, Redbeds in the Williston Basin: in First Permian System: in Geologic Atlas of the Williston Basin Symposium, North Dakota Rocky Mountain Region; edited by and Saskatchewan Geological Societies, p. Mallory, W. W., Rocky Mountain Associa­ 170-178. 21 CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS ......................................... .. iv ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................... .. 1 PREVIOUS WORK ........................................ .. 1 South Dakota 1 Manitoba. ......................................... .. 1 Saskatchewan 2 North Dakota 2 NEW INTERPRETATIONS. .................................. .. 3 STRATIGRAPHIC REVIEW. ................................. .. 5 Permian. .......................................... .. 5 Permo-Triassic 5 Jurassic ........................................... .. 5 Unconformities 13 CONCLUSIONS .......................................... .. 18 REFERENCES ........................................... .. 20 III ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Typical log characteristics and stratigraphic nomenclature of redbed strata as defined by Zieg1ar (1956) and Dow, 1967 ...................... .. 3 2. Typical log characteristics and revised stratigraphic nomenclature for Jurassic to Permian redbed strata 4 3. Isopach map of the Opeche Salt 6 4. Isopach map of the Opeche Formation 7 5. Isopach map of Minnekahta Formation 8 6. Isopach map of Belfield Member of the Spearfish Formation . .. 9 7. Isopach map of "G" Salt " 10 8. Isopach map of "P" Salt .................................. .. 11 9. Isopach map of Pine Member of the Spearfish Formation . .. 12 10. Isopach map of Reirdon Formation and Bowes through Kline Members of the Piper Formation 14 11. Log of Phillips Petroleum Corp. - O. Saude No. 1 well (NW SE 19-158-74) with revised definition of Saude Member of Piper Formation . .. 15 12. Log of Amerada Petroleum Corp. - Pederson, Cater No.1 well (NE SW 21-158-95) showing revised definition of Saude Member of Piper Formation 15 13. Isopach map of Saude Member, Piper Formation " 16 14. Isopach map of Dunham Salt, Piper Formation 17 15. Log characteristics of Jurassic and Mississippian strata in the Herman Hanson - Welder No. I well (NE NW 20-133-72) in Logan County. .. 18 Plate (2 total in separate packet) 1. Cross Section A-A'; a north-south section from Williams to Slope Counties ..................................... envelope Cross Section B-B'; a northwest-southeast section from McKenzie to Grant Counties Cross Section C-C'; east-west section from Williams to Renville Counties 2. Cross Section D-D'; east-west section from Renville to Bottineau Counties . envelope Cross Section E-E'; northwest-southeast section from Ward to Wells County iv ABSTRACT or Lower Watrous in Saskatchewan are physically equivalent to strata referred to as Saude or Spearfisb Redbeds of Permian to Jurassic age are in North Dakota. No paleontological evidence has present in outcrops in the Black Hills of South been found to reconcile tbe differing age interpreta­ Dakota. Redbeds. which have been referred to as tions, so conclusive resolution ofthis question is not Jurassic in age, are present in outcrops in southern yet possible. However, a careful examination of Manitoba. In the subsuiface. equivalent strata are physical evidence provided by Dual Laterologs referred to as the Spearfish Formation of Triassic suggests a most likely solution. or Permo-Triassic age in Nonh Dakota and the lower Watrous or Amaranth Formations ofJura­ Nearly all exploration wells penetrate the Triassic or Jurassic age in Saskatchewan and complete Mesozoic section so wells with Dual Manitoba. Paleontological data are lackingfor age Laterologs were randomly selected at one or two resolution. A careful examination of physical per township in areas of active exploration. All evidence from the subsuiface indicates that previous­ available logs were used in less active areas. This ly unrecognized regional unconfonnities occur density is sufficient to provide a regional pattern for within the clastic redbeds. Areal distribution most of the strata. The halites have erratic patterns patterns ofthese lithogenetic unitsfavorthe Jurassic in some areas due to solution so details of presence age assignmentfor a pan ofthe Lower Watrous and or absence of halite cannot be shown in all areas on Amaranth Formations. tbese maps. The Spearfish Formation, as originally de­ fined. includes redbeds, which have been correlated PREVIOUS WORK with stratafrom Permian to Jurassic age in eastern "yoming. although these beds were originally South Dakota generally assigned a Triassic age. The Spearfish Formation will retain its greatest utility in the The term Spearfish Formation was introduced subsuiface ifit is restricted to strata of Permian to by Darton (1899. p. 387) to refer to redbeds present Triassic age. Redtifinition ofthe Belfield and Pine between lbe Minnekahta Limestone (Permian) and units would avoid the introduction of new names the Sundance Formation (Jurassic) in the northern and, by applying them to the two lithogenetic units Black Hills, South Dakota. The name is derived within the Spearfish. would more accurately portray from tbe town of Spearfisb, but no type section was the depositional history ofthese strata. Similarly designated. Lacking paleontological evidence a a redefinition ofthe Saude. closely resembling the Triassic (?) age assignment was given on the basis original definition. would preserve the utility ofthat of stratigraphic position. A portion of the strata term. referred to as Spearfisb in the outcrops of the Black Hills has been correlated with Gypsum Spring (Jurassic) strata ofWyoming (Imlay, 1947, p. 237). INTRODUCTION The Minnekahta Limestone and overlying redbeds of tbe Spearfisb Formation of South Dakota have Since the eatliest days ofexploration in the been shown as correlative with the Goose Egg Williston Basin the age and correlation of redbeds Formation of Permo-Triassic age of Wyoming has been controversial. Zieglar (1956. p. 170) (Rascoe, 1972, p. 160). noted at the First Williston Basin Symposium that "on the basis of stratigrapbic position and gross Manitoba lithology the pte-Piper, post-Minnekahta redbeds in the subsurface ofthe Williston Basin are considered Seager and others (1942, p. 1415) introduced by many American geologists to be correlative with tbe term Amaranth Formation for redbeds and the Spearfisb Formation ofPermo-Triassic age. On evaporites which he referred to as Devonian. Stott the other hand, Canadian workers believe that the (1955, p. 7) defined the term Amaranth Formation pre-Piper redbeds in Manitoba and Saskatcbewan as redbeds, evaporites, and carbonates of Jurassic are lower middle or lower Jurassic in age." The or older age overlying Paleozoic strata in Manitoba. strata referred to as Lower Amaranth in Manitoba Stott divided tbe Amaranth into an upper carbonate I and evaporite member of Jurassic age and a lower, North Dakota unfossiliferous redbed member, which was also assigned a Jurassic age.
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