LT46148 Owner's Guide
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Paul Hightower Instrumentation Technology Systems Northridge, CA 91324 [email protected]
COMPRESSION, WHY, WHAT AND COMPROMISES Authors Hightower, Paul Publisher International Foundation for Telemetering Journal International Telemetering Conference Proceedings Rights Copyright © held by the author; distribution rights International Foundation for Telemetering Download date 06/10/2021 11:41:22 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/631710 COMPRESSION, WHY, WHAT AND COMPROMISES Paul Hightower Instrumentation Technology Systems Northridge, CA 91324 [email protected] ABSTRACT Each 1080 video frame requires 6.2 MB of storage; archiving a one minute clip requires 22GB. Playing a 1080p/60 video requires sustained rates of 400 MB/S. These storage and transport parameters pose major technical and cost hurdles. Even the latest technologies would only support one channel of such video. Content creators needed a solution to these road blocks to enable them to deliver video to viewers and monetize efforts. Over the past 30 years a pyramid of techniques have been developed to provide ever increasing compression efficiency. These techniques make it possible to deliver movies on Blu-ray disks, over Wi-Fi and Ethernet. However, there are tradeoffs. Compression introduces latency, image errors and resolution loss. The exact effect may be different from image to image. BER may result the total loss of strings of frames. We will explore these effects and how they impact test quality and reduce the benefits that HD cameras/lenses bring telemetry. INTRODUCTION Over the past 15 years we have all become accustomed to having television, computers and other video streaming devices show us video in high definition. It has become so commonplace that our community nearly insists that it be brought to the telemetry and test community so that better imagery can be used to better observe and model systems behaviors. -
Image Resolution
Image resolution When printing photographs and similar types of image, the size of the file will determine how large the picture can be printed whilst maintaining acceptable quality. This document provides a guide which should help you to judge whether a particular image will reproduce well at the size you want. What is resolution? A digital photograph is made up of a number of discrete picture elements, known as “pixels”. We can see these elements if we magnify an image on the screen (see right). Because the number of pixels in the image is fixed, the bigger we print the image, then the bigger the pixels will be. If we print the image too big, then the pixels will be visible to the naked eye and the image will appear to be poor quality. Let’s take as an example an image from a “5 megapixel” digital camera. Typically this camera at its maximum quality setting will produce images which are 2592 x 1944 pixels. (If we multiply these two figures, we get 5,038,848 pixels, which approximately equates to 5 million pixels/5 megapixels.) Printing this image at various sizes, we can calculate the number of pixels per inch, more commonly referred to as dots per inch (dpi). Just note that this measure is dependent on the image being printed, it is unrelated to the resolution of the printer, which is also expressed in dpi. Original image size 2592 x 1944 pixels Small format (up to A3) When printing images onto A4 or A3 pages, aim for 300dpi if at all Print size (inches) 8 x 6 16 x 12 24 x 16 32 x 24 possible. -
The Strategic Impact of 4K on the Entertainment Value Chain
The Strategic Impact of 4K on the Entertainment Value Chain December 2012 © 2012 Futuresource Consulting Ltd, all rights reserved Reproduction, transfer, distribution or storage of part or all of the contents in this document in any form without the prior written permission of Futuresource Consulting is prohibited. Company Registration No: 2293034 For legal limitations, please refer to the rear cover of this report 2 © 2012 Futuresource Consulting Ltd Contents Section Page 1. Introduction: Defining 4K 4 2. Executive Summary 6 3. 4K in Digital Cinema 9 4. 4K in Broadcast 12 5. 4K Standards and Delivery to the Consumer 20 a) Pay TV 24 b) Blu-ray 25 c) OTT 26 6. Consumer Electronics: 4K Issues and Forecasts 27 a) USA 31 b) Western Europe 33 c) UK, Germany, France, Italy and Spain 35 7. 4K in Professional Displays Markets 37 8. Appendix – Company Overview 48 3 © 2012 Futuresource Consulting Ltd Introduction: Defining 4K 4K is the latest resolution to be hailed as the next standard for the video and displays industries. There are a variety of resolutions that are claimed to be 4K, but in general 4K offers four times the resolution of standard 1080p HD video. A number of names or acronyms for 4K are being used across the industry including Quad Full HD (QFHD), Ultra HD or UHD and 4K2K. For the purposes of this report, the term 4K will be used. ● These terms all refer to the same resolution: 3,840 by 2,160. ● The EBU has defined 3,840 by 2,160 as UHD-1. -
ABC Consumer Magazine Concurrent Release - Dec 2007 This Page Is Intentionally Blank Section 1
December 2007 Industry agreed measurement CONSUMER MAGAZINES CONCURRENT RELEASE This page is intentionally blank Contents Section Contents Page No 01 ABC Top 100 Actively Purchased Magazines (UK/RoI) 05 02 ABC Top 100 Magazines - Total Average Net Circulation/Distribution 09 03 ABC Top 100 Magazines - Total Average Net Circulation/Distribution (UK/RoI) 13 04 ABC Top 100 Magazines - Circulation/Distribution Increases/Decreases (UK/RoI) 17 05 ABC Top 100 Magazines - Actively Purchased Increases/Decreases (UK/RoI) 21 06 ABC Top 100 Magazines - Newstrade and Single Copy Sales (UK/RoI) 25 07 ABC Top 100 Magazines - Single Copy Subscription Sales (UK/RoI) 29 08 ABC Market Sectors - Total Average Net Circulation/Distribution 33 09 ABC Market Sectors - Percentage Change 37 10 ABC Trend Data - Total Average Net Circulation/Distribution by title within Market Sector 41 11 ABC Market Sector Circulation/Distribution Analysis 61 12 ABC Publishers and their Publications 93 13 ABC Alphabetical Title Listing 115 14 ABC Group Certificates Ranked by Total Average Net Circulation/Distribution 131 15 ABC Group Certificates and their Components 133 16 ABC Debut Titles 139 17 ABC Issue Variance Report 143 Notes Magazines Included in this Report Inclusion in this report is optional and includes those magazines which have submitted their circulation/distribution figures by the deadline. Circulation/Distribution In this report no distinction is made between Circulation and Distribution in tables which include a Total Average Net figure. Where the Monitored Free Distribution element of a title’s claimed certified copies is more than 80% of the Total Average Net, a Certificate of Distribution has been issued. -
Preparing Images for Powerpoint, the Web, and Publication a University of Michigan Library Instructional Technology Workshop
Preparing Images for PowerPoint, the Web, and Publication A University of Michigan Library Instructional Technology Workshop What is Resolution? ....................................................................................................... 2 How Resolution Affects File Memory Size ................................................................... 2 Physical Size vs. Memory Size ...................................................................................... 3 Thinking Digitally ........................................................................................................... 4 What Resolution is Best For Printing? ............................................................................ 5 Professional Publications ............................................................................................................................. 5 Non-Professional Printing ........................................................................................................................... 5 Determining the Resolution of a Photo ........................................................................ 5 What Resolution is Best For The Screen? ..................................................................... 6 For PowerPoint ............................................................................................................................................. 6 For Web Graphics ........................................................................................................................................ -
Technologies Journal of Research Into New Media
Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies http://con.sagepub.com/ HD Aesthetics Terry Flaxton Convergence 2011 17: 113 DOI: 10.1177/1354856510394884 The online version of this article can be found at: http://con.sagepub.com/content/17/2/113 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies can be found at: Email Alerts: http://con.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://con.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://con.sagepub.com/content/17/2/113.refs.html >> Version of Record - May 19, 2011 What is This? Downloaded from con.sagepub.com by Tony Costa on October 24, 2013 Debate Convergence: The International Journal of Research into HD Aesthetics New Media Technologies 17(2) 113–123 ª The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permission: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1354856510394884 Terry Flaxton con.sagepub.com Bristol University, UK Abstract Professional expertise derived from developing and handling higher resolution technologies now challenges academic convention by seeking to reinscribe digital image making as a material process. In this article and an accompanying online resource, I propose to examine the technology behind High Definition (HD), identifying key areas of understanding to enable an enquiry into those aesthetics that might derive from the technical imperatives within the medium. (This article is accompanied by a series of online interviews entitled A Verbatim History of the Aesthetics, Technology and Techniques of Digital Cinematography. -
HD Camcorder
PUB. DIE-0508-000 HD Camcorder Instruction Manual COPYRIGHT WARNING: Unauthorized recording of copyrighted materials may infringe on the rights of copyright owners and be contrary to copyright laws. 2 Trademark Acknowledgements • SD, SDHC and SDXC Logos are trademarks of SD-3C, LLC. • Microsoft and Windows are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. • macOS is a trademark of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. • HDMI, the HDMI logo and High-Definition Multimedia Interface are trademarks or registered trademarks of HDMI Licensing LLC in the United States and other countries. • “AVCHD”, “AVCHD Progressive” and the “AVCHD Progressive” logo are trademarks of Panasonic Corporation and Sony Corporation. • Manufactured under license from Dolby Laboratories. “Dolby” and the double-D symbol are trademarks of Dolby Laboratories. • Other names and products not mentioned above may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. • This device incorporates exFAT technology licensed from Microsoft. • “Full HD 1080” refers to Canon camcorders compliant with high-definition video composed of 1,080 vertical pixels (scanning lines). • This product is licensed under AT&T patents for the MPEG-4 standard and may be used for encoding MPEG-4 compliant video and/or decoding MPEG-4 compliant video that was encoded only (1) for a personal and non- commercial purpose or (2) by a video provider licensed under the AT&T patents to provide MPEG-4 compliant video. No license is granted or implied for any other use for MPEG-4 standard. Highlights of the Camcorder The Canon XA15 / XA11 HD Camcorder is a high-performance camcorder whose compact size makes it ideal in a variety of situations. -
Introduction to Html5
Image Types Compression Because of data sizes and perceptual issues, compression is typically applied to media data Compression may be lossless or lossy Lossless compression ◦ Data bits can be recovered exactly in the compressed version ◦ Decompressed file has identical bits in identical order to original file before any compression ◦ Example: zip files 2 Lossy Compression Some data bits cannot be recovered after compression ◦ Decompressed file has lost some bits or bytes compared to original file before any compression Goal: Discard data that doesn’t typically affect perception; ◦ Human perception of rendered decompressed data should be similar to perception of rendered data before compression 3 4 Raster File Formats Extension Name Notes Joint Photographic Lossy compression format well suited for .jpg Experts Group photographic images Portable Network Lossless compression image, supporting .png Graphics 16bit sample depth, and Alpha channel Graphics 8bit indexed bitmap format, is superceded .gif Interchange by PNG on all accounts but animation Format Tagged Image lossless compression format (Lempel-Ziv- .tiff Flexible Format Welch – LZW) good for high-res images Google web .webp Lossless compression format Image Sampling Pixels: Small, often square, dots of color or grayscale which merge optically when viewed at a suitable distance to produce the impression of continuous tones 6 Image Resolution Resolution: ◦ Pixel dimensions of image; also: number of pixels that a device can display (render) per unit of length Examples ◦ My laptop -
NRS Readership Estimates - General Magazines AIR - Latest 12 Months: January - December 2011
NRS Readership Estimates - General Magazines AIR - Latest 12 Months: January - December 2011 Adults Men Women Total ABC1 C2DE 15-44 45+ Total Total UNWEIGHTED SAMPLE 37039 21838 15201 14997 22042 16316 20723 EST.POPULATION 15+ (000s) 50239 27180 23059 24421 25818 24529 25710 (000s) % (000s) % (000s) % (000s) % (000s) % (000s) % (000s) % General Weekly Magazines What's on TV H 3325 6.6 1225 4.5 2100 9.1 1732 7.1 1593 6.2 1154 4.7 2172 8.4 Radio Times H 2227 4.4 1639 6.0 588 2.6 574 2.4 1653 6.4 1064 4.3 1162 4.5 TV Choice H 1984 3.9 741 2.7 1243 5.4 808 3.3 1177 4.6 687 2.8 1297 5.0 TV Times H 1427 2.8 589 2.2 837 3.6 648 2.7 779 3.0 580 2.4 847 3.3 Auto Trader H 1090 2.2 529 1.9 561 2.4 830 3.4 260 1.0 853 3.5 236 0.9 The Economist H 603 1.2 558 2.1 45 0.2 432 1.8 171 0.7 435 1.8 168 0.7 Nuts Y 552 1.1 230 0.8 322 1.4 493 2.0 59 0.2 494 2.0 58 0.2 The Big Issue H 504 1.0 354 1.3 150 0.7 237 1.0 268 1.0 246 1.0 258 1.0 TV & Satellite Week Y 453 0.9 200 0.7 253 1.1 199 0.8 254 1.0 228 0.9 225 0.9 TV Easy Y 446 0.9 164 0.6 282 1.2 213 0.9 232 0.9 131 0.5 314 1.2 Total TV Guide Y 438 0.9 181 0.7 257 1.1 216 0.9 222 0.9 183 0.7 255 1.0 New Scientist Y 404 0.8 347 1.3 57 0.2 248 1.0 156 0.6 255 1.0 150 0.6 Motorcycle News Y 381 0.8 173 0.6 208 0.9 209 0.9 173 0.7 303 1.2 79 0.3 The TES/Times Ed Sup Y 378 0.8 345 1.3 33 0.1 208 0.9 170 0.7 160 0.7 218 0.8 Kerrang! Y 360 0.7 189 0.7 171 0.7 321 1.3 39 0.1 222 0.9 137 0.5 The Week Y 357 0.7 313 1.2 45 0.2 141 0.6 216 0.8 169 0.7 188 0.7 Zoo Y 340 0.7 149 0.5 191 0.8 311 1.3 29 0.1 311 1.3 30 0.1 -
4K Signal Management 4K Is Here!
4K Signal Management 4K is Here! Years ago, the first commercial 4K displays came to market with five-figure price tags. Today, you can buy an Ultra HD television (3840x2160) for as little as $300, and dis- play panel manufacturers are rapidly shifting production from beyond 4K resolution. 4K is now the standard resolution for both display monitors and televisions, and 8K is lurking on the horizon. What you need to know: • 4K@60 • UHD • RGB and YUV color spaces • 4:2:2,4:2:0 and 4:4:4 color sampling • Custom resolutions in regards to inputs and scaled outputs (necessary to match LED wall custom configurations) • HDCP 2.2 What is 4K? 4K resolution is the next evolution in visual quality for screens of all varieties, from smartphones up to impressive in-home entertainment setups to movie screens. Where “HD”, or high definition”used to be the gold standard for image quality at 1280 x 720 pixels-per-square-inch (sometimes called 720p for short), or 1920 x 1080 (1080p), 4K resolution has now assumed the crown. At 3840 x 2160 pixels-per-square-inch, it’s also referred to commercially as UHD, or ultra high definition. A greater pixel density means that images are shown in greater clarity, and mimic the abilities of the healthy human eye more closely: it’s no mystery why this resolution in some computer monitors are sold under the term “retina display.” In television and consumer media, 3840 × 2160 (4K UHD) is the dominant 4K standard. 2 | 4K Signal Management Industry Transition to 4K As 4k-branded screens are overtaking their full HD coun- terparts in the open market, the view from outside-in can feel dizzying. -
Video Resolution - an Overview from Robert Silva, Nov 16 2005
Video Resolution - An Overview From Robert Silva, Nov 16 2005 The Basics A television or recorded video image is basically made up of scan lines. Unlike film, in which the whole image is projected on a screen at once, a video image is composed of rapidly scanning lines across a screen starting at the top of the screen and moving to bottom. These lines can be displayed in two ways. The first way is to split the lines into two fields in which all of the odd numbered lines are displayed first and then all of the even numbered lines are displayed next (this is in analog video formats. Digital video switches this, displaying even number lines first then odd number lines- this is what is meant by field dominance), in essence, producing a complete frame. This process is called interlacing or interlaced scan. The second method, used in digital video recording, digital TVs, and computer monitors, is referred to as progressive scan. Instead of displaying the lines in two alternate fields, progressive scan allows the lines to displayed sequentially. This means that both the odd and even numbered lines are displayed in numerical sequence. Analog Video: NTSC/PAL/SECAM The number of vertical scan lines dictates the capability to produce a detailed image, but there is more. It is obvious at this point that the larger the number of vertical scan lines, the more detailed the image. However, within the current arena of video, the number of vertical scan lines is fixed within a system. The current analog video systems are NTSC, PAL, and SECAM. -
Cyber-Shot Handbook DSC-HX1
contents Table of Operation Search MENU/Settings MENU/Settings Search Index Cyber-shot Handbook DSC-HX1 GB © 2009 Sony Corporation 4-132-054-11(1) How to use this handbook contents Table of Click on a button at upper right to jump to the corresponding page. This is convenient when searching for a function you want to view. contents Table of Search for information by function. Operation Search Operation Search Search for information by operation. MENU/Settings Search Search for information in a listing of MENU/Settings items. MENU/Settings MENU/Settings Index Search for information by keyword. Search Marks and notations used in this handbook In this handbook, the sequence of operations is shown by arrows (t). Operate the camera in the order indicated. Index Marks are shown as they appear in the camera’s default setting. The default setting is indicated by . Indicates cautions and limitations relevant to the correct operation of the camera. Indicates information that is useful to know. 2GB Notes on using the camera contents Table of Notes on the types of “Memory Stick” Notes on the LCD screen, the LCD media that you can use (sold finder and lens separately) • The LCD screen and the LCD finder are “Memory Stick Duo” media: manufactured using extremely high-precision You can use a “Memory Stick technology so over 99.99% of the pixels are Duo” media with the camera. operational for effective use. However, some tiny black and/or bright dots (white, red, blue or Operation Search “Memory Stick” green) may appear on the LCD screen.