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The First Illyrian War: a Study in Roman Imperialism
The First Illyrian War: A Study in Roman Imperialism Catherine A. McPherson Department of History and Classical Studies McGill University, Montreal February, 2012 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts ©Catherine A. McPherson, 2012. Table of Contents Abstract ……………………………………………….……………............2 Abrégé……………………………………...………….……………………3 Acknowledgements………………………………….……………………...4 Introduction…………………………………………………………………5 Chapter One Sources and Approaches………………………………….………………...9 Chapter Two Illyria and the Illyrians ……………………………………………………25 Chapter Three North-Western Greece in the Later Third Century………………………..41 Chapter Four Rome and the Outbreak of War…………………………………..……….51 Chapter Five The Conclusion of the First Illyrian War……………….…………………77 Conclusion …………………………………………………...…….……102 Bibliography……………………………………………………………..104 2 Abstract This paper presents a detailed case study in early Roman imperialism in the Greek East: the First Illyrian War (229/8 B.C.), Rome’s first military engagement across the Adriatic. It places Roman decision-making and action within its proper context by emphasizing the role that Greek polities and Illyrian tribes played in both the outbreak and conclusion of the war. It argues that the primary motivation behind the Roman decision to declare war against the Ardiaei in 229 was to secure the very profitable trade routes linking Brundisium to the eastern shore of the Adriatic. It was in fact the failure of the major Greek powers to limit Ardiaean piracy that led directly to Roman intervention. In the earliest phase of trans-Adriatic engagement Rome was essentially uninterested in expansion or establishing a formal hegemony in the Greek East and maintained only very loose ties to the polities of the eastern Adriatic coast. -
Michael Kleu, Philip V, the Selci-Hoard and the Supposed Building of a Macedonian Fleet in Lissus
The Ancient History Bulletin VOLUME THIRTY-ONE: 2017 NUMBERS 3-4 Edited by: Timothy Howe òEdward Anson ò Michael Fronda David Hollander òJoseph Roisman ò John Vanderspoel Pat Wheatley ò Sabine Müller òAlex McAuley Catalina Balmacedaò Charlotte Dunn ISSN 0835-3638 ANCIENT HISTORY BULLETIN Volume 31 (2017) Numbers 3-4 Edited by: Edward Anson, Catalina Balmaceda, Michael Fronda, David Hollander, Alex McAuley, Sabine Müller, Joseph Roisman, John Vanderspoel, Pat Wheatley Senior Editor: Timothy Howe Assistant Editor: Charlotte Dunn Editorial correspondents Elizabeth Baynham, Hugh Bowden, Franca Landucci Gattinoni, Alexander Meeus, Kurt Raaflaub, P.J. Rhodes, Robert Rollinger, Victor Alonso Troncoso Contents of volume thirty-one Numbers 3-4 70 Timothy Doran, Nabis of Sparta: Heir to Agis IV and Kleomenes III? 92 Christopher Tuplin, The Great King, his god(s) and intimations of divinity. The Achaemenid hinterland of ruler cult? 112 Michael Kleu, Philip V, the Selci-Hoard and the supposed building of a Macedonian fleet in Lissus 120 Denver Graninger, Late Argeads in Thrace: Religious Perspectives NOTES TO CONTRIBUTORS AND SUBSCRIBERS The Ancient History Bulletin was founded in 1987 by Waldemar Heckel, Brian Lavelle, and John Vanderspoel. The board of editorial correspondents consists of Elizabeth Baynham (University of Newcastle), Hugh Bowden (Kings College, London), Franca Landucci Gattinoni (Università Cattolica, Milan), Alexander Meeus (University of Leuven), Kurt Raaflaub (Brown University), P.J. Rhodes (Durham University), Robert Rollinger (Universität Innsbruck), Victor Alonso Troncoso (Universidade da Coruña) AHB is currently edited by: Timothy Howe (Senior Editor: [email protected]), Edward Anson, Catalina Balmaceda, Michael Fronda, David Hollander, Alex McAuley, Sabine Müller, Joseph Roisman, John Vanderspoel and Pat Wheatley. -
Map 20 Pannonia-Dalmatia Compiled by P. Kos and M. Šašel Kos, 1995
Map 20 Pannonia-Dalmatia Compiled by P. Kos and M. Šašel Kos, 1995 Introduction The map covers very heterogeneous landscapes ranging from the Adriatic coast to the Alps, and from the mountainous interiors of the provinces of Dalmatia and Pannonia with their rich ore sources to the Pannonian plain. The current state of research–to some degree reflected by the map–is uneven. Thus the Carinthian province of Austria (Piccottini 1989), Slovenia (ANSl 1975), and Bosnia and Herzegovina (ALBiH) are better explored topographically than other regions where no compilations of archaeological sites have been published. The results of topographical research conducted over the past thirty years by Bojanovski (1988) are of great importance. Much antiquarian and topographic information has been collected for Histria and Venetia by Vedaldi Iasbez (1994), with particular attention to Greek and Latin writers. Similarly substantial collection and assessment of data for the Dalmatian coast and islands are provided by Kozličić (1990). TIR Tergeste (1961), TIR Aquincum (1968) and TIR Naissus (1976) are also of value for the areas they cover, though not always reliable. Mócsy’s work (RE Suppl. 9 Pannonia) remains fundamental for the province of Pannonia. As Kozličić (1986) has shown, since antiquity geomorphological changes along the Dalmatian and Istrian coasts have been minimal, if only because no very large rivers flow into the Adriatic; the map therefore retains the modern coastline. The coast of the eastern Adriatic is, however, sinking at a minimal rate annually (Šegota 1976). Geographic names by no means always appear in the nominative in the Greek and Latin sources; the point applies especially to ItAnt, ItBurd, TabPeut and GeogRav, which often represent the only evidence. -
Illyrian Policy of Rome in the Late Republic and Early Principate
ILLYRIAN POLICY OF ROME IN THE LATE REPUBLIC AND EARLY PRINCIPATE Danijel Dzino Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics University of Adelaide August 2005 II Table of Contents TITLE PAGE I TABLE OF CONTENTS II ABSTRACT V DECLARATION VI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS VII LIST OF FIGURES VIII LIST OF PLATES AND MAPS IX 1. Introduction, approaches, review of sources and secondary literature 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Rome and Illyricum (a short story) 2 1.3 Methodology 6 1.4.1 Illyrian policy of Rome in the context of world-system analysis: Policy as an interaction between systems 9 1.4.2 The Illyrian policy of Rome in the context of world-system analysis: Working hypothesis 11 1.5 The stages in the Roman Illyrian relationship (the development of a political/constitutional framework) 16 1.6 Themes and approaches: Illyricum in Roman historiography 18 1.7.1 Literature review: primary sources 21 1.7.2 Literature review: modern works 26 2. Illyricum in Roman foreign policy: historical outline, theoretical approaches and geography 2.1 Introduction 30 2.2 Roman foreign policy: Who made it, how and why was it made, and where did it stop 30 2.3 The instruments of Roman foreign policy 36 2.4 The place of Illyricum in the Mediterranean political landscape 39 2.5 The geography and ethnography of pre-Roman Illyricum 43 III 2.5.1 The Greeks and Celts in Illyricum 44 2.5.2 The Illyrian peoples 47 3. The Illyrian policy of Rome 167 – 60 BC: Illyricum - the realm of bifocality 3.1 Introduction 55 3.2 Prelude: the making of bifocality 56 3.3 The South and Central Adriatic 60 3.4 The North Adriatic 65 3.5 Republican policy in Illyricum before Caesar: the assessment 71 4. -
With an English Translation
THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LX,.D. EDITED BY fT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. E. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. tW. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d. A. POST, M.A. E. H. WARMINGTON, m.a., f.r.hist.soc. LIVY XIII BOOKS XLIII—XLV m^( LIYY WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION IN FOURTEEN VOLUMES XIII BOOKS XLIII—XLV TRANSLATED BY ALFRED C. SCHLESINGER, Ph.D. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OP CLASSICS IN OBERLIN COLLEGE LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS MCMLI Printed in Great Britain V.I3 TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE A FULLER report of the text is given in this vohmie than in the immediately preceding volume. The attempt has been made to present all emendations subsequent to the editio pri?iceps ; but a few repeated misspellings of proper names and similarly obvious corrections are not reported. A few of the emenda- tions of the princeps have been included exempli gratia. The apparatus of Giarratano (Titi Livi Ah Urhe Condita Libri XLI-XLF, Rome, 1933) has been constantly consulted, but not always followed. The maps are intended to show the location of all places mentioned in the volume, if the location is known. Kiepert's Atlas Antiquus has been used in preparing these maps ; places not located by Kiepert have a question-mark following the name. Where the name is spelled by Kiepert in a way conspicuously different from the Livy text, the Kiepert spelling will be found in parentheses in the Index. The map of Rome is taken from O. Richter, Topograpkie der Stadt Rom, Miinchen, Beck, 1901 (Iwan MuUer, Handbuch, III, 3), by kind permission of the pub- lishers. -
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A Dividing Sea The Adriatic World from the Fourth to the First Centuries BC By Keith Robert Fairbank, Jr. B.A. Brigham Young University, 2010 M.A. Brigham Young University, 2012 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Program in Ancient History at Brown University PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND MAY 2018 © Copyright 2018 by Keith R. Fairbank, Jr. This dissertation by Keith R. Fairbank, Jr. is accepted in its present form by the Program in Ancient History as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date _______________ ____________________________________ Graham Oliver, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date _______________ ____________________________________ Peter van Dommelen, Reader Date _______________ ____________________________________ Lisa Mignone, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date _______________ ____________________________________ Andrew G. Campbell, Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE Keith Robert Fairbank, Jr. hails from the great states of New York and Montana. He grew up feeding cattle under the Big Sky, serving as senior class president and continuing on to Brigham Young University in Utah for his BA in Humanities and Classics (2010). Keith worked as a volunteer missionary for two years in Brazil, where he learned Portuguese (2004–2006). Keith furthered his education at Brigham Young University, earning an MA in Classics (2012). While there he developed a curriculum for accelerated first year Latin focused on competency- based learning. He matriculated at Brown University in fall 2012 in the Program in Ancient History. While at Brown, Keith published an appendix in The Landmark Caesar. He also co- directed a Mellon Graduate Student Workshop on colonial entanglements. -
Interventions by the Roman Republic in Illyria 230 – 167 BC
Interventions by the Roman Republic in Illyria 230 – 167 BC Submitted by Jack James Willoughby, to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics, September 2018. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. (Signature) ……………………………………………………………………………… Page 1 of 181 Abstract This thesis aims to determine how and why Rome undertook a series of interventions in Illyria during the period of 230 – 167 BC. The thesis is based on a detailed examination and consideration of the ancient written sources and the subsequent historiography on the subject. The Roman interventions in Illyria during this period have traditionally been treated as a component of wider studies of Roman expansion, although Rome’s involvement in Illyria has recently been examined by Dzino in his 2010 work Illyricum in Roman Politics 229BC-AD68. This work examined the development and integration of Illyricum in Roman political discourse, in which the Roman interventions were a smaller component in the broader study. A study of the Roman interventions in Illyria during the period of 230 – 167 BC has never previously been treated on this scale, nor effectively with a synthesis of the various approaches and pieces of evidence that are now available. -
Marta Daniel Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw [email protected]
Światowit • LVII • 2018 Marta Daniel Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw [email protected] FINDS OF ILLYRIAN COIN HOARDS FROM THE TERRITORIES OF GREEK ILLYRIA. AN AttEMPT AT RECONSTRUCTING THE CIRCULATION OF COINAGE BASED ON THE RANGE OF PARTICULAR EMISSIONS1 Abstract The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the circu- a cumulative form, as well as sorted by date and place lation of coinage through an analysis of finds of hoards of issue. Distribution of finds in relation to terrain and of ‘Illyrian coins’ from the territory of Greek Illyria in settlement patterns was studied in order to locate con- the period from the 4th to the 1st century BC. To this centrations of coins of given centres in different periods. end, hoards from modern-day Albania, Bosnia and Additionally, important observations concerned places Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Kosovo, and Serbia, in which coin hoards are absent or very scarce. The that is the maximum territorial extent of the so-called catalogue was also useful for tracing patterns in the ‘Illyrian state’, were compiled in a catalogue. This cat- composition of the hoards – those consisting of coins alogue of hoards of Illyrian coins served as a basis for most commonly minted together and those dominated producing dedicated maps which present data in by coins of differing provenance. Keywords: Illyria, Greek-Illyrian coinage, coin hoards, circulation of coinage, Balkan Peninsula The term ‘Illyrians’ refers to tribes that inhabited Illyrians did not form a ‘state’ with an established terri- the Balkan Peninsula from the 4th century BC onwards. tory and clearly-defined borders.4 The name ‘Illyria’ comes from the Greek language and is Numismatists conducting research on the ‘Illyrian of a mythological origin.2 Its interpretation is a subject coinage’5 lack sufficient archaeological data in the form of dispute among modern historians, who propose of coin finds. -
351 Piotr Dyczek
PIOTR DYCZEK, TERRA INCOGNITA: RESULTS OF POLISH EXCAVATIONS IN ALBANIA AND MONTENEGRO STUDIA EUROPAEA GNESNENSIA 16/2017 ISSN 2082-5951 DOI 10.14746/seg.2017.16.17 Piotr Dyczek (Warsaw) TERRA INCOGNITA: RESULTS OF POLISH EXCAVATIONS IN ALBANIA AND MONTENEGRO1 Abstract Has been presented new results of polish excavations led by archaeologists from University of Warsaw, in two Illyrian capitals: Rhizon and Scoder. Key words Rhizon, Scoder, roman colony, fortifications, Illyrian palace, ottoman period 1 The project has been financed with resources provided by the National Science Center, Poland, allotted on the basis of decisions: DEC-2015/19/B/HS3/02056 and DEC-2014/14/M/HS3/00741. 351 STUDIA EUROPAEA GNESNENSIA 16/2017 · ROME AND THE PROVINCES Terra incognita, Ptolemy's term used in his cartographic atlasis no longer adequate in reference to Albania and Montenegro in the 21st century, unless one takes the archaeological perspective, and then it is still justified. Information on the archaeological past of Monenegro is very modest. Most people will have heard about Crvena Stijena, a unique site going back 180,000 years and about Dukla from the 8th century AD. One of the most interesting periods in Montenegro history, the time of Illyrian civilization in this region, is practically unknown, and the same can be said about Albania. Durres/ Epidamnos/Dyrrhachion, Apollonia and Byllis are commonly known2, but the ruins that can be seen there reflect the Greek colonies and cities and not the ancient Taulantii and other Illyrian tribes. The store of archaeological knowledge is growing, not the least because of the work done by Polish specialists from the Center for the Research on the Antiquity of Southeastern Europe of the University of Warsaw, who have been digging two ancient Illyrian capitals, Rhizon in Montenegro and Scoder in Albania, for many years now (fig. -
Why Illyrian King Agron and Queen Teuta Came to a Bad End and Who Was Ballaios?
From the history of ancient Rhizon/Risinium: Why Illyrian king Agron and queen Teuta came to a bad end and who was Ballaios? Piotr Dyczek*1* Center for Research on the Antiquity of Southeastern Europe University of Warsaw In 2001 the Center for Research on the Antiquity of Southeastern Europe of the University of Warsaw opened a new archaeological excavation project in the Republic of Montenegro. The site lies in the territory of modern Risan, on the coast of the northern branch of Kotor Bay [Fig. 1]. The name of the town appears in different written sources in variants corresponding to the period: Rhizon, Rhizinium, Risinium, but always echo- ing in the modern name of Risan. Consequently, the identification of the location did not raise any doubts already in the 19th century, but the name itself is of unclear origin. It may have been derived either from the Greek rhizon, that is, root or from rhizotom, a grass or to be more precise, a medicinal herb which still grows in proliferation around the locality (cf. Ivčević 1999: 101, Dyczek 2008: 155–156). Arthur Evans was the first to explore the area in the 1870s (Evans 1884: 42ff.) and he concluded that the plateau Fig. 1. General location of Risan * This paper was prepared with support from the Lanckoroński Foundation. Classica Orientalia 157 Piotr Dyczek situated at the foot of the Građine hill which rises to an altitude of 207 m, was the site of intensive settlement in antiquity. Risan is a small locality today, but it was once the most important center in the whole bay and a significant player in the history of Illyria and its relations with the Roman Republic. -
Boka Bay Tour
BOKA BAY TOUR Boka Bay, one of the world’s 25 most beautiful bays and protected UNESCO World Heritage Site, is undeniably most impressive when approached from the sea. Due to its unusual look, the bay is often called Europe`s southernmost fjord, but in fact it`s a submerged river canyon. The bay is composed of 4 smaller bays - Tivat, Herceg Novi, Risan and Kotor bay. The narrowest part of the bay, Verige strait, divides it into the inner and outer part. Boka Bay glows with amazing calmness and peace. Sailing on the ice-like calm surface of the Adriatic sea will lead you through the picturesque nature, rich history and marvelous architecture. The steep clifs of Lovcen and Orjen mountain massifs upraise above the thin coastline watching over the beauty of the bay, protecting it of the cold northern winds. During the winter while the mountains are covered with snow, the yellow flower mimosa blossoms and attracts a lot of visitors with its sweet scents to the traditional Mimosa festival in the Bay of Herceg Novi. The whole bay is a big botanical garden, a habitat of plants and flowers from all over the world: mediterranean fruits, olives, chestnuts, agave, palms, oleander, even bananas. The waves of the sea whisper the stories about great rulers, noble families, famous captains and sailors of the Boka bay. This bay was a great shelter of many rulers since ancient times, who contributed the establishing of settlements by building their palaces, summer residences, churches, harbours and shipyards. The Illyrian and Roman Empire established the first little town Rhizon (Risan) and decorated their palaces with various mosaics. -
A Historical, Archaeological, and Archaeometric Study of Greek Colonization in the Dalmatian Islands by William
Trade Secrets: A Historical, Archaeological, and Archaeometric Study of Greek Colonization in the Dalmatian Islands by William J. Schilling IV April, 2017 Director of Thesis: Dr. Frank Romer Department of History (Program in Maritime Studies) This thesis examines the Dalmatian islands and their relationship with the surrounding Adriatic region during the late Greek colonization period in the 4th century B.C. by using colonization models, archaeometric ceramic analysis, and coinage dispersion, in addition to the network theory set forth by Irad Malkin. The timeline for colonization in the Dalmatian islands allows a strong comparison to be made with colonization in the Black Sea region, especially the southern coastline around Sinope. This study uses primary and secondary historical documents to inventory the cultural and geological factors influencing Greek colonization during the Archaic period 800 to 500 B.C in the Black Sea. The Black Sea data will then be used for the basis of comparison with Dalmatia. Archaeological research and survey data on the islands of Vis, Korčula, and Hvar, off the coast of Croatia, has then been compiled along with the archaeometric data to identify a network of colonization based on technological differences within Dalmatia. This proposed network has then been tested against current network theories in order to determine if the Greek colonists employed a predetermined and standardized practice during their colonization efforts of the 4th century B.C. Trade Secrets: A Historical, Archaeological, and Archaeometric Study of Greek Colonization in the Dalmatian Islands A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of History East Carolina University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Maritime Studies by William J.