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Tuscarawas River Watershed TMDL Report State of Ohio Environmental Protection Agency September 2009 Tuscarawas River Watershed TMDL Report What are the essential facts? Ohio EPA studied the Tuscarawas River watershed and found water quality problems at several of the locations measured. Water quality improvements can be made with practical, economical actions. Making water quality improvement depends on the participation of the watershed’s residents. What is the significance of this report? The Tuscarawas River Watershed TMDL Report provides information that can be used to help improve and maintain water quality and habitat in the watershed, including ideas from local watershed planning. What is a watershed? A watershed is the land area from which surface runoff drains into a specific body of water. Where is the Tuscarawas River The southern portion of the row crop, 46% forest, and 2% watershed, and what is it like? watershed is dominated by the surface water. Appalachian foothills where there The Tuscarawas River is a higher proportion of forest Also notable is the series of watershed in northeast Ohio cover in this much steeper reservoirs in the eastern section of covers all or part of 13 counties. topography. Livestock farming the watershed built for flood control Beginning in Stark County just to and pastureland are often mixed and to foster the recreation the southeast of the City of Akron within the forest cover, particularly industry in this part of the state. the Tuscarawas River flows mainly in the flatter and lower lying areas. The largest municipalities located southward for 132 miles to join the Estimates of land cover in the in the watershed include Akron, Walhonding River in Coshocton lower portion of the watershed are Canton, Massillon, Wooster, New County and form the Muskingum 5% urban, 30% pastureland, 16% Philadelphia, and Coshocton. River. The Tuscarawas River watershed is one of the larger river systems in the state, draining 2,589 square miles. Consequently it spans a diversity of land uses. The northern portion is characterized by a significant amount of urban and industrial land uses surrounding the Akron- Canton area. Pastureland and row crop agriculture are also prevalent including the Amish country found in Wayne and Holmes counties. Estimates of land cover in the upper portion of the watershed are 17% urban, 36% pastureland, 20% row crop, 22% forest, and 5% surface water. Tuscarawas River upstream of Dover Dam near Dover, Ohio Division of Surface Water, 50 West Town Street, Suite 700, Columbus, Ohio 43215 (614) 644-2001 www.epa.ohio.gov Tuscarawas River Watershed TMDL Report What is the Tuscarawas River Watershed TMDL Report? TMDL stands for total maximum daily load. A TMDL is a study to find out how to improve the quality of rivers, streams, and lakes that do not meet water quality goals. This study focused on the mainstem of the Tuscarawas River and the smaller tributary stream systems, as shown by the green shading in the figure to the right. Other TMDL projects in the watershed address the Sugar Creek and Nimishillen Creek watersheds (shown in pink and light blue, respectively) are complete. TMDLs for the rest of the Tuscarawas River watershed are scheduled to be developed within the next several years. How does Ohio EPA measure water quality? Ohio is one of the few states to measure the health of its streams by examining the number and types of fish and aquatic insects in the water. An abundance of fish and insects that are very tolerant of pollution is an indicator of an unhealthy stream. A large number of insects and fish that are measured between 2003 and partially met those goals and 28% sensitive to pollution indicate a 2005. met none of the goals. The healthy stream. majority of sites did not fully meet Some areas of the watershed water quality standards Other ways to determine displayed exceptional quality established to protect human quality include testing the particularly in the lower section health during water recreation. chemistry of the water and stream where threatened and state sediment and evaluating physical endangered species were found. At several locations water characteristics of the habitat. The The upper portion of the watershed quality goals were not met due to safety of the water for swimming generally had lower water quality point sources. Point source and other recreation largely due to more intense use of the discharges send treated waste depends on having low land. Overall, the watershed is in water to rivers and streams. The concentrations of certain bacteria. fair to good condition. largest proportion of point source discharge is from municipal waste What is the condition of the Of the 141 sites on 69 streams water treatment plants (WWTP), Tuscarawas River watershed? in Ohio EPA’s water quality study, but industrial discharges are also about 50% met the goals significant. The water quality in part of the associated with healthy warmwater Tuscarawas River watershed was habitat streams, while 22% only 2 Tuscarawas River Watershed TMDL Report Runoff from rain events contributes pollution from What are some of the most important “fixes” in the residential and urban areas. watershed? Pollutants accumulate on the landscape based on how the land Include phosphorus effluent limits of 1 mg/l in NPDES is used. Pollutants are washed off permits issued to wastewater treatment plants when it rains. Fertilizers and pesticides used for lawn care are Eliminate pervasive bacteria problems typically the most significant pollutants reaching streams in o Reduce home sewage treatment system failures urban and residential areas. o Improve manure management at livestock operations Streams lose quality when Manage storm water quantity & quality in suburban areas they are converted to drainage o Preserve natural stream function through channel protection ditches because valuable habitat is o Store or detain storm water on the land where the rain falls altered and erosion and sediment rather than concentrating it into centralized systems problems often follow. Drainage is heavily relied upon for farming and Improve erosion and sediment control in all areas consequently a number of streams have been damaged by dredging o Storm water controls in developing areas and construction and ditching. Sediment and sites nutrients are also washed off of o Establish and protect riparian buffers on streams agricultural fields, impacting water o Practice conservation tillage on row crop farms quality. o Install filter strips along all agricultural tributaries High levels of bacteria found impair safe recreational use of the the streams to better handle the waterways. A primary source of The TMDL report will provide remaining pollutant loads. bacteria is inadequately treated specific goals for reducing sewage that makes its way to pollutants, including pathogens, Maintaining a natural flow streams from poorly functioning phosphorus, sediment and regime is important for protecting home septic systems. Another improving habitat. Ohio EPA can water quality and aquatic biological source is manure from livestock, address some of the water quality communities. Allowing streams especially when livestock numbers problems through regulatory access to floodplains, and are highly concentrated or the actions, such as permits for providing better management of animals have open access to wastewater and storm water storm water runoff should be done streams. dischargers. Other actions, such in all places throughout the as proper maintenance of home watershed, particularly in highly How will water quality get sewage system and appropriate developed areas. Likewise, better? manure management, will mostly stream buffers are appropriate for be up to local residents. all land use types in the The Tuscarawas River watershed. watershed is included on Ohio’s What actions are needed to list of impaired waters. Under the improve water quality? Other actions include: Clean Water Act, a cleanup plan is required for each impaired There are many reasons why Poorly functioning home watershed. This TMDL serves as streams in the Tuscarawas River sewage treatment systems (HSTS) that clean-up plan because it watershed are not meeting water should be addressed in rural, determines the maximum amount quality goals, which mean that urban and developing areas by the of pollutants a water body can several types of actions are county health departments. receive and meet standards needed to make improvements (goals). The TMDL report and protect the watershed in the Residential, commercial, and specifies how much pollution must future. The recommendations other areas can reduce loading of be reduced from various sources focus on reducing pollutant loads nutrients by practicing more and recommends specific actions and/or increasing the capacity of environmentally sensitive turf to achieve these reductions. management such as reducing the 3 Tuscarawas River Watershed TMDL Report rate of fertilizer application and using organic-based fertilizers. The amount of phosphorus being discharged should be reduced at nine sewage treatment facilities. These facilities operate in and around the following communities: Orrville, Wadsworth, Rittman, Marshallville, Doylestown, Barberton, Dalton, and Massillon. Sediment flowing into streams is a concern in both agricultural and developing areas. Controls aimed at reducing erosion from farm fields include using cover crops or conservation tillage; providing buffers along stream banks; identifying and fixing River Styx at Wall Road and
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