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Progress in Study of Prespa Lake Using Nuclear and Related Techniques

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Progress in Study of Prespa Lake Using Nuclear and Related Techniques Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy The "Sv. Kiril & Methodij" University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia MK0200026 PROGRESS IN STUDY OF PRESPA LAKE USING NUCLEAR AND RELATED TECHNIQUES (IAEA Regional Project RER/8/008) Edited by Todor Anovski Skopje, September 2001 Edited by: Prof. dr. T. Anovski Faculty of Technology and metallurgy, University of Skopje, Republic of Macedonia PROGRESS IN STUDY OF PRESPA LAKE USING NUCLEAR AND RELATED TECHNIQUES , International Cooperation: ' International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA) Regional Project RER/S/008 Published by: Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy The "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Phone: ++389 2 364 5S8 <\ Fax: ++389 2 365 389 : _„. \ I)P Copyright: Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, 2001 'l".?!' " / Y : Scientific Series of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Skopje. Republic of Macedonia CIP- KaxaJiorHsaniija BO ny6jiHKaiinja "Hapo/iHa II yniiBep'jHTeTCKa 6H6.TMO- "CB. KJIHMCHT OxpimcKH".CKt)njc PROGRESS in study of Prcspa Lake using nuclear and related techniques / edited by Todor Anovski. - Skopje : Faculty of technology and metallurgy, 2001 . - 85 crp. Regional project RER/8/008. - ([jycuoTH KOH TCKCTOT, rpacj)HMKH npH- ISBN 9989-650-21-7 . r 1 1. Anovski, Todor * Ufa TO ISBN 9989-650-21-7 k Publishing of this report as well as the performed researches m Republic of Macedonia,,financially where supported by: Ministry for science and education. Ministry of environment, Ministry of agriculture, foi- ' estry and water management of the Republic of Macedonia and Fund foi watci icsouices of the Republic of Ma- t cedonia. M3AaBan>ero Ha otJaa nyG.niiKannja H Hcrpa>Kyi3aH>aTa KOH ce Bpuiciui no PciiyfijrHKa ^ floHHJa.ce noMorHaTH on MHHHCTepcTBiiTa na PeiiyQjiHKa MaKefloHHJa 3a: nayxa H; o6pa3QBaHHe^3ajj'.' W; ! 'ieMJofleJine ujyMapcTBO H BOflocTouaHCTBO, 'ia jKHBorira cpeniuia H npocropHp ti.naHnpaH3e.in ofl;4>OHaot ' 3a BOflH na Peny6^HKa MaKeflOHHja. " T 1 if; DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document PLEASE BE AWARE THAT ALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK CONTENTS INTRODUCTION , 9 Session I GEOLOGICAL AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS 11 Session II QUALITY OF WATER 23 Session III ISOTOPE DATA 45 Session IV HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS AND WATER BALANCE OF PRESPA LAKES 53 Session V CHARTING AND PROFILING THE BOTTOM OF BIG AND SMALL PRESPA LAKE 87 Session VI CONCLUSIONS AND PLAN OF ACTIVITIES/SUGGESTIONS FOR THE COMING PERIOD 2001-2002 75 REFERENCES 81 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES 83 PARTICIPATING SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS 85 FOREWORD* ^Kl Three lakes: Ohrid, Big Prespa and Small Prespa are on the borders between Albania, Republic of Macedonia and Greece, and are separated by the Mali i Thate and Galichica, mostly Carstificated mountains. ;- According to the existing hypothesis, Cvijic (1906), water from the Prespa Lake, shared by three neighboring countries, is drained through the Galichica and Mali Thate moun- tains and appears at the southern coast of Ohrid lake, close to the border between Albania and Republic of Macedonia, located cca 100m below the Prespa Lake, at an elevation of cca 695 meters above sea level (m asl). In the northern sector of the Ohrid Lake, in Stnma, rises the Crni Drim River traversing Republic of Macedonia and Albania. Prespa-Ohrid hydro-system is appearing as unique of this kind in the world. The preliminary investigations, Anovski et al., (1980, 1987, 1991 and 1997), Eftimi et al., (1997) represent an important contribution to the determination of the intensity of the hy- drological connection between the Prespa and Ohrid Lakes. Despite this many other problems are still opened. Some of them are the extent of the communication between Ohrid and Prespa lakes enabling more accurate prediction of the Prespa Lake level oscillation, the determination of the residence time of the infiltrated Prespa Lake waters and rather exhausting surface and groundwater quality investigation. In the past, periodical oscillations of the Prespa Lake level, which is more or less a natural phenomenon, were in the range from 2 to 8 meters, depending on the rainless or rainy seasons. This outstanding decrease of the water level disturbed the ecological balance of the lake and in the valley to a great extent resulting in serious consequences for fishing and tourist industry and other activities of the local population in the trans-boundary Prespa region. In addition to this, the industrial activities as well as the overuse of the herbicides in agriculture activities, raised the problem of pollution of the water masses in the Prespa Lake. On the basis of the above mentioned characteristics of the observed Prespa-Ohrid re- gional hydro system, it has been assessed that only through an international cooperation and by application of modern researching tools (Nuclear and Related Techniques) the existing problems and questions might be resolved for the benefit of the local population gravitating in the Lake's catchments areas. That is why, beside the hydrogeological investigations ( drilling and mapping of the geological formations), depth profile of the Prespa Lake as well as the wa- ter quality and water balance determination have been performed and a very useful data were obtained and discussed on the I—III IAEA Workshop organized within the realization of the Regional IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) Project on the Prospecting of the Pre- spa Lake, held from 22-24 November, 1999 at Athens, Greece; May 17-20, 2000, held in Skopje, R of Macedonia and 21-24 November, 2000, held in-Korca, Albania, a part of which are presented in this Report. Prof, d-r Todor Anovski Editorial Note: Although great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of information and data con- tained in this publication, the Publisher do not assume any responsibility for consequences which may arise from its use. ПРЕДГОВОР* Трите езера: Охридското. Голема и Мала Преспа кои се наогаат на границите мегу Албанка, Република Македонка и Tpunja раздвоени се со-вр- главно карстифицирани масиви на планината Галичица и Сува Планина. ; : Според постоечката хипотеза (LJJBHJHK. 1906 год) водата од Преспанското Ез- еро кое што е поделено мегу трите соседни земіи се дренира низ планините Галичи ца и Сува Планина и се nojaByea на іужниот брег од Охридското Езеро во близина на границата мегу Албанка и Република Македонка, лоцирано сса 100 метри под дно- то на Преспанското езеро, на надморска височина од 695 m. Во северниот дел на Ох- ридското Езеро Kaj Струга истекува реката Црни Дрим помішували низ Македонка и Албани]'а. Охридско-Преспанскиот хидро-систем е единствен ваков вид во светот. Претходните прелиминарии испитуваньа, Ановски et al. (1980. .1987. 1991 и 1997), Ефтими et al (1997) претставуваат еден значаен придонес во утврдуваньетр на хидролошката врска мегу Преспанските Езера и Охридското Езеро.. Покра} ова многу други проблеми остануваат сеуште не решени. Некой од овие проб- леми се поврзани со самата комуникациіа мегу Преспанските Езера ш Охрид- ското Езеро како што се определуван>е на транзитното време, квалитетот на повр.щинскит-е. и подземните води и др. чие решаваше ке овозможи многу ,по- сигурна прогноза на осцилациите на нивоата на овие Езера. ; , I Г Во изминатиот период осцилациите на нивото на Преспанското Езеро кои се повеке или помалку природен феномен беа во границите од 2 до 8 метри зависноод количеството врнежите. Ова йзвонредно големо опаганзе на нивото на водата во го- лема мера ja нарушува еколошката рамнотежа во езерото и неговата околина што•] се како сериозно се одразува и врз риболовот. туризмрт и другите активности на! ло- калното население кое гравитира кон Преспански регион. Ако на ова се додадат, и индустриските активности како и прекумерната употреба на хербициди во земрде- лието се зголемува проблемот на полуциіата на водните маси од Преспанското Езеро. Врз основа на споменатите карактернстики на наб;ьудуваннот Преспанско- Охридски регионален хидро-систем, се утврди дека само преку една мегународна соработка и со примена на модерни истражувачки методи (нуклеарни и други релевантни ' техники) постоечките проблеми и прашан>а би можеле да : се разрешат пред се 8о полза на локалното население од трите соседни seMJи. Затоа noKpaj хидрогеолошките истражуваньа (дупчен>а и мапиракье на геолёшките і формации) определуваньето на профилот на морфологи]ата на дното на Преспан- j ското Езеро, изотопските содржини, квалитетот и водннот биланс беа реализи-] рани и при тоа се добиени многу корисни податоци и сознани]а. Резултатите од \ изведените истражувакьа беа дискутирани на трите научни собири организирани; во рамките на реализациуата на регионалниот проект на Мегународната Агенщп'а j за Атомска EHeprnja (МААЕ) на тема: Проучуванзе на Преспанското Езеро] одржани од 22 до 24 ноември 1999 година во Атина, Грціп'а; од 17, до 20 Maj 2000' година во CKonje, Република македонка и од 21 до 24 ноември 2000 година во • Корча Албанка, дел од кои се презентирани во ова публикациіа. : І j; 1 Проф. д-р Тодор Ановски ] Белешка на Уредникот: Иако е посветено големо внимание на точноста и сигурноста на ин- формациите содржани во оваа публіікаци]а, издавачот не презема.никаква одговорност од можни- те импикации при употребата на презентираните податоци . •: PROGRESS IN STUDY OF PRESPA ЬЙШ USING NUCLEAR AND RELATED TECHNIQUES Todor Anovski, Laurence L. Gourcy, Ioannis Leontiadis, Jovan Zoto in cooperation with Amataj Sokrat, Andreas Andrinopoulos, Ljubomir Arsov, Periklija Beska, Fani Bogdanovska, Romeo Eftimi, Elizabeth Dotsika, Nikola Isajlovski, Molinar Kolaneci, Bianka Mangutova, Mirjana Maletic, Eftim Micevski, Josif Milevski, Veli Puka, Pece Ristevski, Alkiviadis Stamos Abstract t) One of the main objective of the IAEA1 - Regional Project RER/8/008 entitled Study of Pre- spa Lake Using Nuclear and Related Techniques was to provide a scientific basis for sustainable and Environmental management of the Lake Prespa (Three lakes: Ohrid, Big Prespa and Small Prespa are on the borders between Albania, Republic of Macedonia and Greece, and are separated by the Mali і Thate and Galicica, mostly Carstificated mountains), see Fig.
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