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DESIC~ DY W\LTER CRA~E THE INTERNATIONAL. 1864'1924 TvovAENLlIKKEEN 9325 73 ~IRJASTO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKING MEN'S ASSOCIATION N September 28th, 186+. took place that great meeting in St. Martin's Hall, with Professor Bcesly in the chai r, when it was resolved on principle to create an International Association of Workers. At the same lime a Committee was O elected to draft the rules of the suggested organisation. . At the second meeting of this Committee, on October 12th, 1864, it was decided to name the new Society "The Intcrna· tional Working Men's Association." At the fourth meeting of the Committee, on November 1St, .864, the final wording of the Inaugural Address and the rules were unanimously adopted. This first document of the International Working Men's Association (a small pamphlet of 16 pages) was printed and distributed. Very few copies of the original English edition exist to.day, and we have been unable to trace one at the British Museum. For this reason the Labour and has prepared a new edition of this historical document in conn e<:tion with the 60th Anniversary of the International. It is an absolutely true reproduction by a photographic method. The very important conclusion of the document reads as follows: Past experience has shown how disregard of that bond of brotherhood which ought 10 exist betwee n the workmen of different countries, and incite them to stand firmly by each other in all their struggles fo r emancipation , wi ll be chastised by the common discomfiture of their incoherent efforfs. This thought prompted the working men of different cou ntrit!s assembled on September 28, 1864, in public meeting at SI. Martin's Hall , to found the i nter­ national Associ;ltion. Another Convict ion swayed that meeting. If the emancipation of the working classes requires thei r fraternal concurrence, how arc they to fu lfil that great mission with a foreign policy in pursuit of criminal designs, playing upon national prejudices, and squa ndering in piratical wars the people's blood and treasu re? It was not the wisdom of the ru ling classes, but the heroic resistance to their criminal folly by the working classes of England that saved the West of Europe from plunging headlong into an infamous crusade for the perpetuation and propagation of slavery on the other side of the Atlantic. The shameless approval, mqck sympathy, or idiotic indifference, with which the upper classes of Europe have wi tnessed the mountain fortress of the Caucasus falling a prey to, and heroic Poland being assassinated by, Russia ; the immense and unresisted encroachments of that barbarous power, whose head is at SI. Petersburg, and whose hands are in e\'ery Cabinet of Europe, have taught the working classes the duty 10 master themselves the mysteries of international politiC!l; to watch the diplomatic :lcts of their respective Governments; to counteract them, if necessary, by all means in their power; when unable to prevent, to combine in simultaneous denunciations, and to vindicate the simple laws of morals and justice, which ought to govern the relations of private individuals, as the ru les paramount of the inter- ____',o~ u;:",;;;,.. of natiolls, - e gntfor such a roreign policy forms part ofth"e general struggie"fOrthe emancipatlollo f the working classes. Proletarians of all countries, Unite!

Photo of the house now built on the .ite of the old St. Martin's Hall , Long Acre, where 'he International was founded (Itft). Right is No. 18 Greek Street, where the General Council of the ofd International used to meet.

2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL (1864-1876) H E fiftieth anniversary of the First International 's ideas were moving in the same direction. In \Vorkers' Organisation came at a time \vhcn inter­ as early as 1847 he and Engels national ideals seemed to be in a state of complete had proclaimed the necessity fo r workers of all countries to Tbankruptcy. The world war had not on ly broken down all unite in a common struggle. Since 1850 he had been in international organisation, but had entirely destroyed the England and had studied this State which was the most feeling of international solidarity amongst the masses, and progressive in the world from the capitalist point of view, aroused in its stead fierce national hatred on both sides. and which was pointing the way to other States in thcir To-day, on the 60th anniversary of the First I nternationa1. economic development. He had recognised and extolled the its successor stands forth more powerful than ever before. workers of England of that time as the champions of the Thai, however, is not the only c han~e in the past ten working classes of the world, and had held them up to the years. If it had been possible fo r us to celebrate the jubilee workers of :l1l countries as a pattern in their fight for a legal of the International, the celebration would have taken place working day. at a time when the Gennan Social Democratic Party set the What the British workers were aiming at round about 1864, standard for all Labour Parties, the British Labour Party Marx wanted also in the interests Qf the world proletariat. hadng little significance outside Britain. Small wonder that :\larx and the workers of England found To-day the Labour Party has become the most powerful one another in the First International, and that he became clcmcnt in the International, and so, in the brain which inspired their actions. a certain sense, we come back to the On the General Council of the First point from which the First Inter­ International Marx wo rked in close national started . union with the leaders of the British The First International was mainly Trade Unions which had become of British foundation. When, on affiliated to it . Marx drafted the reports September 28, 1864, it was decided and resolutions for the General Coun­ to fonn an International Workers' cil which that body laid before the Organisation it was only on British soil congresses of the International. Those that there were mass organis.1tions of resolutions dealing with Trade Unions, European workers. Such workers' as­ Co-operative Societies, Labour legis­ sociations as existed on the Continent lation,and educational matters are not of Europe were entirely unimportant, out of date even to-day. Even to-day owing-to-police regu lations and to the they point the way. They did so in a reaction following on the of far higher degree 50 and 60 years ago. 1848. In England, too, Chartism had The st riving Labour Movements of gradually cooled down during the the Continent derived rich benefit reaction period after its political failure from them. of 1848 and the allainment of the ten­ But the First International was not hourdaY(I8.n}. But the Trade Unions limited to theory only. It went in had become much more vigorous; the strongly for practice, too. Owing to ten-lwur day had regenernted and the intimate connection of the Inter­ PROFESSOR BIlI!$LY strengthened great masses of the Chairman at the Foundntionl\lleel;ng of national with the Hritish Trade Unions, workers, and after the slackness of the the International Workin!: Mcn's As_ the fight of the latter for the franchise reaction period was over the wo rkers sociation in St. Martin', Hall, . was its fight too. Three years after were preparing to fight for the fra nchise the··formation of the International the just at the time of the founding of the First International. struggle resulted, not in- universal franchise, it is true, but There was praeticallynothingofthe kind to be found on the :11 :my rate in franchise for the better paid workers. Continent- neither Trade Unions, nor Labour legislation On the Continent the Internationalists raised the slogan nor Labour Parties. In Germany something in the nature of univer5.11franchise in Prussia, and entered upon a struggle of a Labour Party had just been founded by Lassalle . with Bismarck, whi lst in France they struggled against the In these circumstances, the British workers had every Napoleonic Empire. They seized every opportunity to form reason to fear lest any further progress on their part might Trnde Unions as far as the law permitted them to do so, and be blocked by the competition of the workers on the Con­ llroused the spirit of opposition amongst the workers. tinent, should the laller remain without organisation and This resulted in numerous strikes. These were often h.bour legislation. The British workers were too great successful owing to the leadership of the Internationalists. supporters of Free Trade to seck to save themselves from Their success, it is true, was often largely due to the fact this danger by means of protective tariffs and immigration that employers on the Continent were not prepared for prohihitions. They re<:og nised the solidarity of their interests opposition on the part of the workers, and were taken by wi th those of the workers on the Continent and endeavoured surprise. To a large extent the employers ascribed the to keep the favourable position they had won, not by shutting success of the strikes to the enormous funds which were out other countries, but by supporting the workers of those said to be at the disposal of the International. This legend, countries in their attempts at organising themselves and of course, increased the respect of the employers fo r the fighting for better labour conditions. International, but it also increased their hatred of it.

3 Governments, too, were greatly alanned by it. As they the Government, and the Parliaments were powerless. knew very little about it, they assume9 that it was a new During the period of reaction, anti-parliamentarism had secret society on the model of the old ones in J taly and taken the pe'aceful form of Proudhonism, which demanded France. Yet none of all this was tme. T he International, that the workers should eschew politics and devote themselves it is' true, aroused general enthusiasm. But the payment of to non-political economics, mutual credit banks, co-opera­ regular contributions was a thing to which the worke rs had tive societies, insurance societies, and Trade Unions. When first to grow accustomed. On the Continent at firs t it would the gained strength and the fall of have been easier to get up a riot than to get them to pay Napoleon gave revolutionary aspirations their opportuni ty, affiliated contributions. The International, therefore, anti -parliamentarism took a more violent form, the theo­ remained onc of the most poverty-stricken organisations retical weapons for whieh were furnished by the Russian, there has ever been. h was sometimes not even able to pay Bakunin. Its object was the destruction of the power of the cost of the printing of Congress reports. The General the State by armed insurrections which were to be prepared Council was never in a posi ti on to publish a bulleti n of its by means of conspiracy. own. In the case of strikes it was only able to remit trifling At the same lime a change in the"opposi te direction took amounts resulting from occasional collections. And there place amongst the British workers. T he two great aims of was just as little truth in the conspiracy tales of the First the Chartist Movement- though only partially achieved­ International as there was in its wealth. Maz7.ini had were: the ten-hour day- at least for women and young wanted to make it into a secret society, persons-and the franchise-at least hut Marx was absolutely against this, for the better paid workers of the and his will in the matter prevailed. towns. Everythi ng else, it was For this reason the Blanquists in thought, could be left 10 the Tra(le France were for long hostile to the Unions, which had been strongly rein­ International-indeed until the rising forced, and now that the International of the Commune in March, 1871. had done its duty on the Continent, no This rising brought disaster to the longer had occasion to fear unfair First International., The lnternation­ competition from the workers abroad. nlists we re against it, including the This did not mean that the Trade Paris Internationalists, who viewed the Unions became anti-parliamentarian approach of the threatened conflict or non-political, but they lost all with apprehension; for they feared, interest in independent Labour and rightly, that the revolutionaries politics. The elements sympathetic to would find their task beyond their Labour in both the bour,l!:eois parties, powers. That was Karl Man:'s view, more especially the Radicals of the ~ ihoUghTInaCthe French pro­ Party, appeared to offer them all that letariat should make use of the freedom they required at the moment. gained by the Republic to organise and T he iInternational, still under the discipline themselves in order to make shadow of the , began up for what it had been impossible for to be regarded as somewhat of an in­ them to gain under the Empire. ROIlERT ApPJ,ECARTH convenience by the But when the revolution did break was Ihe lasl of Ihe English wOlkers who leaders, who were hankering after look part in the preliminary work forthe bourgeois recognition. Thus Marx be­ out, the Internationalists held it to be founding of the International Working their duty towards the worki ng class to Men 's Association. In 186z he became came more and more isolated in the In­ take part in the rising, even at the risk secretary of the Amalgamated Societ)· of ternational, both on the tight wing and of their Jives. Carpenle-TS. He died at Thornton Heath the left. His policy differed from that During the revolution the Interna~ on July '4Ih . 1924, at Ihe age ef 90 years. of the Bakunists in that he recognised 'tionalists were notable fo r the practical full y the importance of Parliamentary common sense of their leadership. They accordingly did methods and the franchise in the struggle for the emancipa­ the greatest service, and inspired the most respect. Just tion of the proletariat. It differed also from that of the T rade hecause of this they came most to the front, and after the Unions in that he considered Parliamentarism and democ­ collapse they incurred the fiercest hatred of their opponents. racy helpful in this struggle onl y where Labou~ entered the The prosecution of the fug itives of the communes by the political arena as a separate political organisation, inde­ governments and capitalist parties of all countries was now pendent of the bourgeois parties. This policy was first of extended to the International. Even in England, although all adopted only by German . The masses there was no political prosecution, it was banned socially. of the Latin as well as the Anglo-Saxon workers refused to The International was unable to stand before this storm. accept it. And this was responsible for the down fall of the Many of those who had only turned to it because thay had First International. But the policy for which Man: fought over-rated its powers now deserted it. lived on. To-day it is recognised by all the Labour Parties At this critical moment there was an unfortunate split. in the world, and has overcome the of Bakunin, In the Latin countries- France, Italy and Spain- the work­ as well as the political dependence of the old British Trade ing classes had long felt great lack of confidence in Parliamen­ Unions. tary methods. The elections in those countries were run by .

4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ AT THE GRAV E OF KARL MARX On March 17th, 1883, Karl Marx' was laid to rest in the Highgate Cemetery. in his speech at the open grave said in commemoration: "Just as Darwin discovered the law of the evolution of organic nature, so Man: discovered the evolutionary law of human history- the simple fact, hitherto hidden under idealogical overgrowths, that, above all things men must cat, drink, dress and find shelter before they can give them­ selves to politics, science, art, religion or anything else, and that therefore the pro­ duction of the material necessities of life and the corresponding stage of economic evolution of a people or a period provides the foundation upon which the national institutions, legal systems, art and even religious ideas of the people in question have been built, and upon which, there­ fore, their explanation must be based, a procedure the reverse of that which has hitherto been adopted. "Man: discovered also the special law of motion for the modern capitalist mode of production and for the middle cJ3$ '1'111; GRAVE 01' KARL M Anx society which it begets. ' With the

discovery of surplus value light was thrown at once ~upon a subject, all the earlier investigations of which, whether by middle class - economists or by Socialist critics, had been gropings in thc dark. "Such was the man of science, but it was not even' half of the man, Mar.c To Marx science was a revolutionary, history-moving force. Great as was his joy at the discovery of anything fresh in theoretical science, even though the application might be in the dim distance, how much greater was his joy over any discovery which might revolutionise at once industrial and historical development, "For Marx was, above all, a revolutionary. To work in one form or another for the smashing of capitalist society and the state institutions created by it, to \vork for the liberation of the modern proletariat whom he first made conscious of its own position and needs and the methods of its emancipation- that was his true vocation. Fighting was his true element and there are not many men who fought with a passion, tenacity and success equal to his. Erste Rheinische Zeilllng (1842); Paris Vorwaerts (18«) Brusseler Deutsche Zeitung (1847); Neue Rheinische Zeitung (1848- 49); New York Tribune (1852-61); in addition to a great number of fighting pamphlets, much organisation work in Paris, and London and, at last, the great International Working Men's Association as crown of the whole, here indeed were results that any man might be proud of should he achieve nothing else. "And so Marx was the best hated and most deeply calumniated U4S ..... \. ~. t

5 1864-1924.-Celebration of the SIXTIETH Anniversary of the Foundation of the First International W orking Men's A ssociation. (.::>'I<&"It.:?It.:?I~~~I&"I<&"Il&"It.:?It.:?Il&"It.:?IlPIt.:?It.:?I~~~I&"I~r..:?lt.:?l~

C. T. CRAMP (GTtt/l Bri/a;,,)

EMIUl V,\SDERVEI.III! (lJelgillm) QTTO !J AUER (Allstria)

J. nAMS,," V i\1AcDosAW

l EAS LOz.; CU£T It. ABRAMOWITSCII (Fr(.wCl) (Runia) "., . KAnlERlsE OliVes GLASI£R (Grtal Sritai,,) 6 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ MEMBERS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL WHO WILL ADDRESS THE DEMONSTRATION D r. C. B. CI.ARK was born on October 5th, 18.+5. in HEN Rl H UO I'.RT VAN KOI. joined the International Werk ­ Kilmarnock and was a surgeon by profession, but soon liedcn Verbond under which name the International Work­ devoted his life ent irely to public service. From 1848 to ing Men's Association was known in Holland in September. 1870 he lived in 1870, and attended Glasgow, where he The llague Con ­ became Chairman of gress in 1872,wherc the Eclectic Society he translated the whose members speec h of K arl were disciples of Marx. . In He has always I 87ohejoined the in­ occu pied a promi­ ternational Working nent place in the Men's Association Dut c h Labou r in London and be­ Movement, has tra­ came a member of velled in the Dutch that Section which Colonies and has a held its meetings at deep interest in all the "Black Swan" in questions of Colo­ Leicester Square. nial politics. He This Section elected was a member of him member of the the Dutch Second Federal Council of Chamber and has which he soon be- always been an D R. G. B . CLARK eametheTreasurer. active memher of (Grwt Botai,,) He has stuck to the the 1nter _ Parlia­ j-1. VAS Ko!.. movement from the outset, and presided at the foundation menta r y Union. (HQ//n"d) meeting of the S. D.F. (1881) and co-operated with Keir He has rarely missed an 1nt ernational Congress from Hardie in the preliminary work of the I.L.P. From 1879 till The Hague Congress ( 1872) to the foundation Congress 1886 he sat as M.P. fo r Caithnesshire. Dr. Clark retains all of the L.S.1. at Hamburg in t923. his activity to-day and writes for the Scottish Forward every week. His principal interests are devoted 10 the land EOUARD B ERNSTliIN was born on January 6th, 1850, in problem and the T otal Absti nence Movement. Berlin . He joined the Berlin Section of the International HERMANN GREU LICII was born in Breslau on August 18th, Working Men's 18+2. I n 1865 he came to as apprentice to a book- Association in 1872 binder. When on August ,8th, 1867, as an individual theZurichSectionof member and it was the International onlyafterwards that was founded he be­ he hecame a mem­ came its secretary, ber of the Socinl and held the post un­ Democratic Part y ti l the dissolution of of Germany. As the International in a victim of the law 1876. He took part in the fourth Con­ against Socialists he gress of the Inter­ lived in exile from national Working r88, to 1890 in Aten 'sAssociationin Zurich and London Basle(1 86c)). Hewas as Editor of the one of the founders So:;ialdtmokra t of the Social Demo­ which the Pa rlYwas cratic Party of Swit- publishing abroad. 2C rland to which he Amongs t ot h e r still devotes all his works he wrote a EOIJARD 8I!R."STEIS H ERMASS GRI>IIUCII work. Hehasbeena history of the pre- (Srcifl:tr/nOld) member of the Swiss (GerIMOly) Parliament for the last 22 years and Chairman of the Swiss decessors of in England. In 1902 he was elected Labour Secretariat since its foundation in 1887 . and is still a Member of the German Reichstag. WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW.WWWWW 7 p R o G R A M M E Commemoration Demonstration held in the Lyceum Theatre. London, on Sunday, September 28th, 1924

The Deptford Labour Choir, conducted by Sidney A. Court, will sing ANNIE LAURIE Music arranged by GRANVILLE BANTOCK

THE TRAIN Words by MARY E. COLERIDGE. Music by C. V. STEINFORD A CREEN eye, and a , in the dark. Thunder, smoke, and a spark. It is there, it is here, flashed b,-. Whither will the wild thing fly? It is rushing, tearing Ihro' the night, Rending the gloom in its flight. It shatters her silence with shrieks. What is it the wild thing seeks? What is il the wild thing seeh? Alasl For it hurries away Them that are fain to stay. Hurrah! For it carries home Lovers and friends that roam­ \Vhere are you, Time and Space? Where are you, Time and Space? The world is a little plact-, The world is a little p!ace, Your reign is o,'er and done, You aTC one.

MY LOVE DWELT IN A NORTHERN LAND Words by ANDREW LANG, Music by EDWARD ELGAR My love dwelt in a Northern land, A dim tower in 11 forest green Was his, and far away the sand And gray wash of the waves were seen The woven forest boughs between; And thro' the Northern summer night T ht' sunset slowly, slowly died away, And herds of strange deer, silver white, Came gleaming through the fort'st gray, And fled like ghosts before the day. And oft, that month, we watch'd tht' moon Wax great and white o'er wood and lawn, And oft, that month, we wt\tch'd the moon, Wax great and whit'" o'er wood and lawn, And wane, with waning of the June, Till, like a brand for battle drawn, She fell, she fell, and flamed in a wild dawn, I know not if the forest green Still girdles Tound that castle gray, I know not if the boughs between The white deer vanish ere the day; The grass above my love is green, His heart is colder than the clay, Coldcr, colder than the clay. ,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*, '*'At '*''*''*''*''*''*''*''*'7.30 the Chair will be taken'*''*' '*'by '*''*' C. T. CRAMP (Chairman of the Administrative Committee of the Labour and Socialist International) who will open the Meeting, after which the Choir will lead the singing of THE MARCH OF THE WORKERS \VUAT is Ihis, the sound and rumour? ,Vhat is this that all men he~r, Many a hundred years passed over have they laboured, de~f and Like the wind in hollow valleys when the storm is drawing near. blind; Like the rolling on of ocean in the eventide of fear? Ne"er tidings reached their sorrow, never hope their toil might fmd, . ''fis the people marching on. Now at last they've heard and hear it, and the cry comes down the Whither go they, and whence come they? 'Yha! are these of whom wind, ve tell? And their feet ate marching on, In wliat country are they dwelling 'twixt thegatcsofheaven and hell? o ye rich men, hear and tremble, for with words the sound is rife: Arc they mine or thine for money? \Vill they serve a master well? " Once for you and death we laboured: changed henceforward is the Still the rumour's marching on. strife. Forth they come from grief and torment; on they wend towards We are men, and we shall battle for the world of men And life; health and mirth, And our host is marching on, All the wide world is their dwelling, every corner of the earth. " Is it war, then ~ \Vill ye perish as the dry wood in the fire? Buy them, sell them for thy service! T ry the bargain what 'tis worth, h it peace? then be ye of us, let your hope be our desire. For the day~ arc marching on. Come and ]j"e! for life awaketh, and the world shall never tire; These are they who build thy houses, weave thy raiment, win thy And the hope is marching on. wheat, " On we march, then, we the workers, and the rumour th~t ye hear Smooth the rugged, fill the bHrcn, turn the bitter into swett, Is the blended sound of battle and deliv'rance drawing near, All for thee this day-and ever. What reward for them is meet? For the hope of every creature i.s the banner !h~t we bear, Ti1lthe host comes marching on, And the world is marching on." Chorus Hark the rolling of the thunder, 1.o! the sun! and 10, thereunder Riselh wrath, and hope, and wonder, And the host comes marching on. A MESSAGE FROM T. RAMSAY MACDONALD The founding of the Workers: International will always mark a milestone both in the history of peace and in the evolution of labour progress. Like all good things its birth created a panic, and like most good things it seemed to oie. The years have gone with all their ups and downs, and to,day this celebration can be held in the full conviction that the ideas which inspired the fathers of the International have become a part of the accepted creeds of the Labour Movement. Nationality in co,operation; human progress controlling the national progress; the commonwealth of nations justifying the self,government of nations. These are the ideas that must be taken as the foundation of all our work to,day. It is superfluous to say" long live the international movement"; the international movement cannot die. J. RAMSA Y MACDONALD ADDRESSES WILL FOLLOW BY JEAN LONGUET. France HERMANN GREULICH. Switzerland DR. G. B. CLARK. Great Britain The Choir will lead the singing of THE MARSEILLAISE YE sons of freedom, wake to glory! With luxury and pride surrounded, Hark! Hark! what myri~ds bid you rise! The vile, insatiate despots dare-- Your children, wives, and grandsires hoary, Their thirst for pride Rnd power unbounded­ Behold their tears and hear their cries­ To mete and vend the light and air; Behold their tears and hear their cries. To mete and vend the light and air. Shall hateful tyrants, mischief breeding, Like beasts of burden would they load us: \Vith hireling hosts, a ruffian band, Like gods would bid their slaves adore. Affright and desolate the land. But man is man, and who is more? Whilst Peace and lie bleeding? Then shall they longer lash and goad us? Sce now the dangerous storm is rolling, o Liberty, can man resign thee, . \Vhich tyrant kings confederate raise; Once having felt thy generous flAme? The dogs of war let loose are howling, Can dungeons, bolts, or bars confine thee, And 10, our fields and cities blaze-­ Or whips thy noble spirit tame? And 10, our fields ~nd cities blaze. Or whips thy noble spirit tame? ShAll we bASely view the ruin Too long the wodd has wcpt bewailing. \Vhilc lawless force, with guilty stride, ThRt falsehood's dagger tyrants wield: Spreads desolation far and wide. But Freedom is our sword and shield, With crime and blood their hands imbruing? And all their arts are unaVlliling? To arms!- to arms! ye brave! The avenging sword unsheath! March on, mareh on. All hearts resolved On liberty or death. WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW 9

TYOVAENLlIKKEEN K1RJASTO ,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*,,*, ENGLAND. ARISE ENC!.,.I.NO, arise, the long . long night is o\-er, D,'er your face a web of lies is wo,'en; Faint in the east behold the dawn appear; b aws that are folse hoods pin you to the ground; Out of your evil dream of toil and sorrow Labour is mocked , its iust reward is stolen; Arise. 0 England, for the day is here; On its bent back sits Idleness cncrowned. From your fields and hills, How long, while you sleep, Hark! the answer swell s- Your har-'est shall it reap ? Arise, 0 England, for the day is here! Arise, 0 England, for the day is here! CHOIR ONDY People of England I all your va ll eys call you, Forth, then, ye heroes, patriots and lovcrs ! High in the rising sun the lark si ngs clear; Com rades of d~nger, PO\'Crl)', and scorn! \ Vill you dream on, let shameful sl umber thrall you? Mighty in faith of Freedom, your great Mother, Will you disown your nalin~ land so dear? Giants refreshed in Joy's new-rising mom ! Shall it die unhcard­ Come and swell the song, That sweet pleading word? Silent now so lon g~ Arise,O England, fOl" the day is hncl England is risen I- and the day is here!

ADDRESSES WILL BE GIVEN BY EMILE V AND ER VELDE, Belgium R. ABRAMOWITSCH. Russia EDUARD BERNSTElN. G ermany T he Choir wi ll then sing THE BALLAD OF SEMMER WATER Words by W ILLl AM WATSON, Music by EOCAR BAt NToN LOVE IS ENOUGH Words by \VILLIMt M ORRIS. Music by GUSTA\' \'ON H OLST Lo\,f. is enough: ho ye who seek sa"ing, Go no further! Come hither: There have heen who have found it, And these know the l'louse of Fulfilment of craving, These know the C up with the roses around it. T hese know the World's \Vound and the balm that hath bound it, C ry outl the woTl d heedeth not. ' "Love lead us home, lead us home," Come, Fear ye ~ h "1! have 'mid the sky's overcastin g, C hange ye shall havc, for far are ye wending, No crown ye shall ha\'e, for your thirst and your fasting, But the kissed lips of Love and fai r life everlasting, Is he gone? was he with us? ho ye who seek saving, Go no furtheT! Come hither: for hove we not found it? Here is the House, the l'louse of Fulfilment of craving, Here is the Cup with the roses around it, T he World's Wound healed, and the bolm that hath boUIl

The Demonstration wi ll conclude by the singing of THE RED FLAG 'I'm: people's flag is deepest red; It well recalls the triumphs past; It shrouded oh our martyred dead, It gh'cs the hope of peace at last, And ere their limbs grew $li fT and cold The Innner bright, the symbol plain Their hearts' blood dyed ilS cv'ry fold. Of human right and human gain, It waved above our infant might With heads uncoI'eroo swear we all When all ahead seemed dark as night; To besr it onward lill we fall. It wi tnessed many a deed and I'O\\'­ Come dungeon dark, or gallows grim, \Ve must not change ils colour now. T his song will be our parting hymn, ChQrrlS T hen raise the scarlet standard high I Within its shade we'll li ve and die, T hough cowards flinch and trniton sneer We'll k('('p the Red Flag flying here, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ LETTER FROM ANDREAS SCHEU And reas Scheu celebrated his eightieth birthday on "Age is making itself so cruelly felt in my bones that I January 27. 192-4. He is onc of the oldest pioneers of the feel I eould not stand the stra in of the journey and the Social Democratic Party of Austria ( 1868- 1875). He was overwhelming impression and memories caused by the member of the International Working Men 's Association in meeting. I could offer the meeting nothing but a dispb y of , and lived in England from 1875 unlil 1911, where weakness and that must not be done on sueh a day on which he wrote many of the Ihe object is to inspire above all those 'whom the Rood of most beautiful La~ future carries farthest'- thc Intcrnational Working-class bour songs. He look Youth. At least I do not w:mt 10 spoil the day, though a prominent part in regretting from my heart that I must renounce the pleasure the early aCli"ities of assist ing at this great Fcsti\'al. I beg you to convey Illy of the S.D.F. and best wishes for success to all. I am convinced that our wrote many :articles invincible alliance- in spite of moments of rcaction­ for Jllslice. His will lead the world of Labour to the triumph of Liberty, artistic and Socialist Equality, and J us:';:"O"C" __--:_--: __ interests made him :I close friend of \vil­ DANISH MEMBERS OF TH E FIRST Ham 1I1orri5. I-le is INTERNATIONAL NOW LI VING spending the evening POU t, Gm.EFI' was onc of the three pioneers who fo unded of his life in Switzer­ the Socialist Movement in Denmark in 1871 as a section of land and has ever the First International. From 1877 until ' 920 he lived in remained true to the America. I-le now lives in Denmark, but on account of old Labour .Movement. age and infinnities he no longer takes an active part in the In reply to the in- movement. ANDRIlAS Scllro vitation addressed to C. C. ANDERSEN (originally a carpenter) has been a mcmber (Am/nu) him by the Secre- of the Upper House since 1&)0 and Director of the Co­ tary of the L'lbour operative Bakery in si nce its foundation in the and Saci:!lis! International, Andreas Schcu has written a year 1886. He holds quite a number of other positions, Icttcr from wh ich we quOI'C the following impressive lines:- for infOtance he is Chairman of the Central Management Commitlcc of the Party Press in Denmark and a member of "SCHI.OSSBERG, RAPPIlRSWIl" Sep/emher " ' 924. thc Party Executive. " DRAM COMRAm:: AI)I.t:R, E. W IINIlI.AI) (originally a typesetter). In ,872 at the age Your invitation has brought me both joy and pain: joy of 18 he was Chairman of "the mixed section" of the Danish because of the good news that the Labour and Socialist branch of the First International. From 188, \lI1ti l '911 he International is going to arrange:l world-wide Demonstra­ was chief editor of the Copenhagen SociaL Demokra/m tion and pain through my conviction that I shall not be able (the chief Party paper) and he is still an active member of to be present in body. the second Chamber and of the I)arty Executive.

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~~_..;~~::::;,.1..2:::.z:,,::~:::,::,::"';;1::;':::~ (,,)IIfi'Nnrtl. were but feeble nuclei in the nebulous organisation of the International. Jaures did not hesitate. He immediately Trade Unions. broke off all connection with the po li cy of the Bloc des In France, however, Socialism tended more and more to Gauches. He constituted himself the architect of Socialist resolve itself into a number of separate groups: the "Possi­ unity, and, with Guesde, Vaillant, and Sembat, he devoted bilists," the "B1anquists," the "Guesdists" of the Labour himself for ten years to the task of propaganda, education, Party, and, later on, the "Independent Socialists," which and revolutionary opposjtion, whieh was ultimately to lead included Jaures. Towards 1898 these various groups tried him to death and immortality. to come to an agreement, and there was for some time a When war broke out, Socialist unity was afait accompli joint central committee. throughout Western Europe. There is little doubt but that But on June 23rd, 1899, , then a the Congress contributed considerably to this member of the , accepted a portfolio, along result. with General Gallifet, in the Waldeck-Rousseau Ministry. In London, Paris, and Amsterdam specil,l attention had The Independent Social ists supported him, whilst the other been paid to un ification of the Socialist forces and the groups condemned him. The joint committee dissolved, elimination of elements, both on the Right Wing and the and the question of min isterial participation arose for the Left, which refused to admit the essential principles of the first time at the International Congress of Paris in 1900. International. In the Congresses which followed another After a long discussion, in which Millerandism found few question began to play a more and more important part, supporters, the Congress adopted the celebrated Kautsky namely, the question of war and peace. At Amsterdam the motion, which condemned ministerial subject had already been discussed, and pa rticipation in principle, but at the the doubts and fears which prompted same time admitted it in exceptional Jaures to write his book, "The New cases. But the terms of this motion Army," date from that time. The were too elastic-intentionall y so--to question was again· discussed more fully settle the dispute which divided French at the Congress, where HervC's Socialism into two rival and hostile extravagances led Bebel and Vol\mar groups. During the years which fol­ to declare unhesitatingly that on the lowed the split was maintained and day Germany was attacked Social quarrels between different tendencies Democracy would rise to a man to continued under different forms. defend it. Millerand was no longer a Minister. In vain Keir Hardie and Vaillant The Combes Ministry had succeeded tried to get them to admit that the that of Waldeck-Rousseau. The In­ workers cou ld always resort to the dependent Socialists formed part of the as a weapon against war. Left Bloc. Jaures was Vice-President They contented· themselves on both of the Chamber. After the settlement sides with passing resolutions drawn up of the Dreyfus affair he became the real in general terms against war and leader of the Republican majority. On militarism. But as the political horizon the other hand, the followers of Guesde grew darker, the effort made by the and Vai llant accentuated their attitude Socialist parties to avert the catastrophe of opposition. KMU.. KAUTS"Y became more urgent and more T hen again, in Germany, the great (Grrmfmy) energetic. It attained its culminating quarrel between Bernstein and~Kautsky point in 1912, at the Special Congress with regard to revisionism raised many similar problems. at Basle. Bebel was not there, but from the pulpit of the Just before the International Congress at Amsterdam (t904) cathedral Haase, , Keir Hardie, Daszynski, and the crisis caused by the opposing tendencies reached its Jaures, one after the other, hurled forth the slogan, "no height. Before the Congress, the German Social Democrats, more war." meeting at Dresden, had al ready passed a resolution con­ This same question, which had become, in a manner of demning revisionism, , and collaboration with speaking, the only question- for on it all the rest depended bourgeois parties. -was to be discussed again two years later in August, '9' 4, This Dresden resolution, which aimed at both Bernstein at the International Congress at Vienna. Everything was and Jaures, was presented intact to the International Con­ ready to celebrate in a fitting manner the 50th anniversary gress. Jaures, taken directly to task, defended himself of the International. On this occasion our Austrian comrades vigorously. Adler and Vandervelde presented an amendment had a commemorative album printed, with numerous illus­ which, without interfering with the principle of the Dresden trations, in which Kautsky, Adler, and others gave a history resolution, abstained from pronouncing against Jaures "a of the Socialist movement during the previous 50 years. condemnation which could not be revised until three years This document was distributed to us as a souveni r ten years later." later when the Executive Committee of the International But their amendment was rejected, the voting being equal. met recently at Vienna. I have it before me at the present The Dresden resolution was adopted without amendment. moment. It contains principally the photographs of the There was, therefore, no alternative left to Jaurcs and his members of the International Socialist Bureau in June, 1914. friends but to submit or to place themselves outside the They numbered 66. Many of them are dead, either

' 3 assassinated or heart-broken because of the war. James. IJeuple at Brussels on July 29th and 30th, 1914. Even then, Haase, Rosa Luxembourg, and also Keir Hardie, Victor with the shadow of war already upon us, optimism still Adler, Edward Vaillant, , Marcel Sembat. prevailed. Others arc, or have been, Prime Ministers or heads of State­ Adler considered a wa r between Germany and France a Rams.1Y MacDonald, Stauning, Branting, and Ebert. Two on ly have passed over to -Angelica Balabanoff, moral impossibility. Haase relied, not on the Kaiser's recently expelled from the , and humanity, but on his cowardice at the last moment. Jaures, who spoke for the last time on the evening of 30th July, Rakovsky, head of the Soviet Delegation in London, who once more affirmed his faith in a peaceful denouement, but represented Roumania on the Bureau of the Socialist Inter­ should, after all, the rulers of the world let loose the dogs of national in 1914. war, he foretold , in a prophetic outburst, how eaeh nation at Lenin is no longer with us, but for years he sat amongst · the end of the conAict would rise up agai nst the author of its us. But wc have iUelrod and, amongst the other veterans, ills and say to him "Go and ask the forgiveness of God and of the Dutchmen Troelstra and Van Kol, the Spaniard men." ]glesias, the Swiss Greulieh, the Pole Diamand, the Germans The prophecy has come truc. War has engendered revolu­ Kautsky lmcl Molkenbuhr, the Czechs Nemec and Soukup, tion. The glory of emperors has departed. Jaures is in the the Bulgarian Sakasoff, and many others. Pantheon. Autocracies are dead. The International lives on. This was the assembly, representing all the active forces of Socialism, which met for the last time at the Maison du E!'.IILE VANDERVELDE.

TRANSITION PERIOD. 1914' 1923

HE outbrcak of the world-war brought all inter­ wa rds this attempt failed, chiefly through Moscow not national work to a sudden standstill. There was no t re c.:ognising her promises. T a single meeting of the International Bureau d\'ring the whole length of the war. The longer the war lasted the A few months later a new scheme was started for the Slronger became the need for international action. There greatest possible unification of Ihe wo rking classcs. were, however, a series of efforts fo r international 3.ction of which the most important were the scheme initiated by the On December 10, 1922, representatives of the S(."t:ond Dutch Scandinavian Committee (and ceaselessly pressed for International and the Vienna Union met for the first time by.the Secretary of the Second International, Camille Hu),s­ at the Hague, and elected a joint committee which, a few mails) to carry through an International Congress in 1917 weeks later, published an appeal to the workers of all at , and the International Conferences at Zimmer­ countries, inviting all Labour and Socialist Parties to an wald (September, 19 15) and Kienthal (April, 1916), ]nternational Congress. In this appeal it was declared that: suggested by the I talian Socialist, .Mogari. The first attempt was a failure; the latter led to conferences in which only "The la~t years of the world war and the ye.irs 1 certain groups of the international working classes were following the armistice showed how profound wcre represented. the differenccsof opinion\\'hich~xistcd as to the methods of action and the possihilities of revolutionary methods After thc armistice the need of international unification fo r the emancipation of the workers. made itself felt with new force, if only to make it known to all how deeply the International Labour Movemcnt was " To-day wc arc in quite a different phase of develop­ split. Thc Conferences of Berne (February, 1919), ment. Reaction becomes more :lggressive from day to (August. 1919), and (August, 1920), were intended day, both in the political and the economical fields. to rc-establish the Second International. But in the mean­ The general attack of the possessing classes is shown timc the 50-called .< Third International" had been founded in the most striking way by the sanguinary regime of at /\·\oscow. and before long, from such panies· as did not Horthy ill Hungary, the victory of fasc ism in Italy wish to affiliate to either nf the above-mentioned Inter­ and the" Hakenkrew~ler" in Germany. But it is being nationals, there sprang the International Working Union of pursued in all countries. Under these conditions the Socialist Parties known as the Vienna Union. ]n the essential duty of the workers is to concentrate all their beginning of the year 1920 this organisation undertook to forces and to present a solid and fighting front to the create the conditions for an all-inclusive ]nternational, and attacks of the capitalist parties. The last few years have succeeded in calling a joint meeting of the executive of the becn marked by differences, the present calls for the three bodies in Berlin (April, 1922). But a few weeks after- unification of the wo rki ng class."

'4 •

THE NEW INTERNATIONAL

HE foundation of the new International took place emancipation of the workers from capitalist domination on May 27th, 1923, at Hamburg. and the establishment of the Socialist Commonwealth as their object, and the class struggle which finds its T The success of the Congress exceeded all expect­ expression in the independent, political, and industrial ations. Six hundred and twenty delegates from 30 action of the workers' organisations as a means of countries were present. During five days' deliberations realising that object. the following points were discussed: "International Action against International Reaction," "The I mperialist Peace and The object of the Labour and Socialist I nternational tbe Working Class Policy," "The Eight-Hour Day and is to unify the activities of the affiliated parties, to International Social Reform Legislation." The most im­ arrange common action, and to bring about the entire portant question, however, was whether success could be unification of the International Labour and Socialist attained in unifying international proletarian organisations. Movement on the basis of this constitution. Fortunately, even before the actual meeting of the Congress it appeared certain that unification would be accomplished. The aim of the L.S.I. is to unify the activity of affiliated On the eve of the Congress the Vienna Union held a parties. It would be a vain self-deception to assert that this conference and adopted the following resolution:- object has already been achieved. But the L.S.I. is the "That should the foundation of the Labour and organisation by which unification can be achieved. It is not Socialist International be realised and the Second Inter~ by wasteful struggles of different organisations against one national likewise announce its dissolution- the function another, but rather through an intellectual fight inside the of the Vienna Union be terminated and its organisation same organisation, that parties will attain mutual under­ dissolved." standing and from that joint action. The basic principle of Thereupon the Executive of the Second International the L.S.I. is that tlte workillg classes are masters of their O'WII that there must be resolved:- fate, absolute democracy within the illter- //atiollal, i.e., that not even the best-intentioned minority "That the Vienna Union and the Second rnternational orders shall be decisive but only the resolutions of the be dissolved immediately the Commission on Rules has majon"ty of the workill!: class. Though this majority may reported and the Congress has come to a decision. This sometimes make mistakes, the essential point is that the will automatically avoid any danger of either body being working classes arc following the way which they themselves continued." have chosen. In this method of self-determination of the ·With a storm of acclamation the Hamburg Congress workillg classes we foresee all hopes of future victory. Until adopted the ru les of the new "Labour and Socialist I nter­ fusion of organisation is attained co-operation is possible nationa1." Unification has become a reality. with any Labour organisation which adheres to this principle. There is but one shortcoming. The International has no number, being neither the second nor the two and a-half nor It is in this sense that the rules of the L.S.1. appeal the third nor fourth; it is and will be nothing other than the to all the workers of the world to realise unity within Labour and Socialist I nternational. This may form a the Socialist Movement in each country and in the difficulty for those who can only deal with small figu res. International. I t is determined to work strenuously for But those who think in large numbers will know the realisation of this unity on the basis of the decisions that we have brought together in the Labour and Socialist and resolutions passed by it. It appeals to the Socialists I nternational more titan Setle1/ million organised wo rkers. T he of all countries to give support to its efforts by making Moscow International, on the contrary, according to its own all endeavours to bring about a united front against recently-published statistics for 1924, has far less thall olle and imperialism both in their own countries miHion members, in which figure are included those candi­ and in the international working-class organisation. dates still in purgatory. A few smaller parties are outside any international The new I nternational has not existed much longer than organisation, but numerically they are of no particular one year, but has already shown its strength. Relations importance. The great masses of the illtematiOllal worhillg between affiliated parties have become more intimate. The classes are ullited ill the Labour and Socialist intematiollal. International Executive, which has met every three months, has contributed to a great degree in promoting an agreed TilE UNITY OF THE LABOUR MOVEMENT. international working class policy. The Executivereassembles in U)Ildon on September 28th, and there is every hope that The rules of the Labour and Socialist I nternational start the work started 60 years ago in St. Martin's Hall will be with the declaration:- continued until the great aims of the Labour Movement The Labour and Socialist International is a union of shall be realised . such parties as accept the principle of the economic FRIEDRICH AOLHR. •

PR 11'TED AT 'rH E P.E,Ll CAN P RE SS 2 CARi\'IELITE ST. LO NDON. E .C .

TYOVAENllIKKEEN KIRJASTO