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Emergency Peace Campaign 1936-1937

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Emergency Peace Campaign 1936-1937 GUIDE TO THE MICROFILM EDITION OF THE RECORDS OF THE EMERGENCY PEACE CAMPAIGN 1936-1937 Published in cooperation with the Swarthmore College Peace Collection Swarthmore, Pennsylvania A Microfilm Publication by Scholarly Resources Inc. An Imprint of Thomson Gale Scholarly Resources Inc. An Imprint of Thomson Gale 12 Lunar Drive, Woodbridge, CT 06525 Tel: (800) 444-0799 and (203) 397-2600 Fax: (203) 397-3893 P.O. Box 45, Reading, England Tel: (+44) 1734-583247 Fax: (+44) 1734-394334 ISBN: 0-8420-4344-6 All rights reserved, including those to reproduce this guide or any parts thereof in any form Printed and bound in the United States of America 2005 2 Table of Contents Note to Researcher, iv Introduction to the Collection, v History, v Scope and Content, vii Reel Contents, 1 Note to Researcher Researchers citing materials in this edition of the Records of the Emergency Peace Campaign, 1936-1937 should use the following format: Records of the Emergency Peace Campaign, 1936-1937, Swarthmore College Peace Collection, Scholarly Resources microfilm edition. Quotations for publication or further reproduction of materials contained within the Scholarly Resources edition of the Records of the Emergency Peace Campaign, 1936- 1937, except for the purposes of scholarly criticism or comment as specified in Title 17, U.S. Code, require specific permission from copyright owners and the Swarthmore College Peace Collection. Document Group: DG 012 Provenance: Donated by the Peace Section of the American Friends Service Committee, 1941, and John Musgrave, Archivist, American Friends Service Committee, 1947 Size: 88.75 linear feet Microfilm: 192 reels Restrictions: None 4 Introduction to the Collection History The Emergency Peace Campaign (EPC), a nation-wide program to keep the United States out of war and to promote world peace, was initiated in late 1935 by the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) and other liberal pacifists, including Devere Allen, Frederick J. Libby, Ray Newton, Kirby Page, John Nevin Sayre, and E. Raymond Wilson. The aim was to promote a two-year vigorous, nationwide campaign that would enlist the cooperation of leaders from various peace organizations, religious bodies of all faiths, trade unions and labor groups, liberal organizations, student and youth groups, Negro groups, and other agencies interested in keeping the United States out of war and in improving the serious international situation. The idea of such a campaign was initially proposed by Ray Newton. In December 1935 a three-day conference, with over 100 pacifists, was held at Buck Hill Falls, Pennsylvania, to consider ways and means of launching a campaign for peace activity and education. Newton, secretary of the Peace Section of the AFSC, became the EPC s executive director. The AFSC served as treasurer of the Campaign and made office space available at 20 S. Twelfth Street, Philadelphia, for the EPC s headquarters, which opened on February 1, 1936. The purpose of the EPC was stated as follows: To promote a co-operative nation-wide campaign to keep the United States from going to war and to achieve world peace by: 1. Strengthening pacific alternatives to armed conflict; 2. Bringing about such political and economic changes as are essential to a just and peaceable world order; 3. Recruiting and uniting in a dynamic movement all organizations and individuals who are determined not to approve of or participate in war. After the EPC joined the National Peace Conference in March 1936, the following statement was added: 4. Acquainting peace-minded people with the program and policies of the member organizations of the National Peace Conference and other peace groups. The EPC was officially launched on April 21, 1936, over a national radio broadcast. Eleanor D. Roosevelt and George Lansbury, former leader of the British Labour Party, were the speakers. A major effort of the EPC was to hold public meetings and conferences in cities throughout the country. These events were arranged by the EPC s Speakers Bureau, headed by Kirby Page and Fred Atkins Moore, with the cooperation of local peace committees. Some of the meetings featured well-known speakers, including several British peace leaders (George Lansbury and Alfred Salter in the spring of 1936 and Maude Royden in early 1937). Other meetings utilized the speaking talents of ministers, educators, and peace leaders from across the country. The two major cycles of the EPC in 1937 were the Neutrality Campaign from January through March and the No-Foreign-War Crusade, which began on April 6. Charles P. Taft, II, served as honorary chairman of the Neutrality Campaign, which focused on the need for neutrality legislation and the costs of neutrality in the event of a major war abroad. The No-Foreign-War Crusade was designed to increase and make articulate the determination of the American people not to be drawn into a war in Europe or Asia. Admiral Richard E. Byrd served as the honorary chairman of this crusade, which called for the restriction of naval and military policy to the defense of the United States, rather than to the protection of investments, commerce, and other interests abroad. The national staff of the EPC was greatly expanded in 1937, and area offices were established in twenty cities. These offices functioned from January through June 1937. A few succeeded in raising sufficient funds to continue their activities through the summer of 1937. Several other elements of the EPC program should be mentioned. The Youth Section was under the direction of Harold Chance. Youth volunteers were enlisted to promote the Campaign on college campuses and to serve as Peace volunteers in rural areas during the summers of 1936 and 1937. This work was continued in 1938 as the Student Peace Service, under the sponsorship of the AFSC. Another element of the EPC was its nationwide poll of personal attitudes on war and peace conducted during the first cycle of public meetings, and a National Peace Enrollment that continued throughout the entire campaign. Over 23,000 names of pacifists and near-pacifists were collected and made available to other peace organizations. The EPC also worked to promote peace education through churches, synagogues, labor and farm groups, and encouraged vigorous legislative measures that would make it difficult for the United States to become involved in another war. The EPC was originally planned as a two-year campaign to keep the United States out of war and to bring about a more coordinated and united effort within the American peace movement. The movement toward a coalition of peace agencies accelerated in 1937. Joint meetings of the EPC Council and the National Peace Conference were held in the spring of 1937, when it was agreed that the NPC should be given stronger administrative and coordinative functions so that it could formulate and promote a definite peace program. The Campaign for World Economic Cooperation was undertaken by the NPC and was expanded to a 15-month program under the direction of Clark Eichelberger. The EPC was disbanded at the end of 1937. Scope and Content The complete official records of the EPC were given in January 1940. Forty-two file drawers of material, plus additional books and files of enrollment cards, were accessioned at that time. The material includes meeting minutes, reports of field workers and peace caravans, correspondence, records of local peace councils set up under EPC auspices, financial documents, pledges of abstinence from war, publications, newsclippings, and 6 files of five of the Campaign s twenty area offices (Kansas City, New York City, St. Louis, Chicago, and Michigan). A supplementary accession of EPC records was received in June 1947 from John Musgrave, archivist of the AFSC. Musgrave did not know from whose files the material had come, but he believed that the documents should be placed with the other EPC material in the SCPC. The names of Ray Newton, Kirby Page, and E. Raymond Wilson appear on material in Boxes 217-220. The EPC s records were prepared for microfilming in the summer of 1979. The correspondence files were left in the order in which they were found, with more recent material filed in front. Certain other files (meeting minutes, releases, etc.) are arranged in chronological order. Some material from this collection sustained damage after its arrival at the SCPC and was unsalvageable. What could be saved was re-filed and re-boxed in June 200. For further information about the documents and material in this collection that were not microfilmed, please contact the staff of the Swarthmore College Peace Collection at 610-328-8557. Reel Contents Reel 1, Box 1 Financial appeals Historical Records Financial document Preliminary stages, Oct.-Dec. 1935 Budgets Buck Hill Falls Conference, Dec. 1935: Financial records preliminary draft, condensed report Tax information for contributors and verbatim account Correspondence with United Peace Buck Hill Falls Conference: Chest, 1937 correspondence, Oct.-Dec. 1935 Lists of contributors (including United Preliminary Regional Conference Peace Chest) Relationship with American Friends Service Committee Reel 4, Box 4 Aims & purposes General Administration Executive Committee Meetings: reports by areas Council organization, 1935-1936 General releases, Jan.-June 1936 Council, 1935-1937 General releases, July-Dec. 1936 Sponsors, 1936 General releases, Jan.-March 1937 Sponsors, 1937 [2 folders] General releases, April-June 1937 Staff/personnel, Feb. 1936 General releases, July-Dec. 1937 Chairmen and contacts, June 1937 [illegible folder label] Lists of prominent people Form letters, 1936 Form letters, 1937 Reel 2, Box 2 Form letters, n.d. Meeting Minutes Meeting minutes, Nov. 20, 1935 Reel 5, Box 5 Council meeting minutes (complete set), General Administration Dec. 1935-Dec. 1937 Area directors Meeting minutes, Jan. 4-15, 1936 Area directors Bulletins #1-#19, 1937 Meeting minutes, Jan. 23-March 3, 1936 Labor Department Meeting minutes, March 24-Dec.
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