Unit Introduction: CHINESE DYNASTIES, PART TWO: THE SONG DYNASTY THROUGH THE QING DYNASTY, 960 TO 1911 ...... 1 Rationale and Introduction to Lessons ...... 1 Unit Goals ...... 3 Connections to Curriculum Standards ...... 3 Materials ...... 8 Equipment ...... 8 Time, Suggested Sequence of Activities ...... 8 Subjects, Suggested Grade Levels ...... 8

Lesson One: THE SONG DYNASTY, 960 TO 1279 ...... 9 Handouts 1A: The Song Dynasty (960–1279) ...... 19 1B: Song Dynasty Timeline and Flowchart ...... 20 2A: Taizu and Taizong ...... 22 2B: Huizong and the Loss of Northern China ...... 24 2C: Zhu Xi and Neo-Confucianism ...... 26 2D: Su Dongpo ...... 28 2E: Shen Kuo ...... 30 2F: Wang Anshi ...... 32 3: Interview Activity ...... 34 4: Map of the Song Dynasty ...... 35 5: Notes on People of the Song Dynasty ...... 36 6A: Wang Anshi’s Memorial to Emperor Renzong (1058) ...... 38 6B: Task Based on Wang Anshi’s Memorial ...... 40 7: Scroll Descriptions ...... 41 8: The Song City ...... 42 9: Scroll Activity (Optional) ...... 45 Transparencies 1: Initial Questions ...... 46 2: Questions about Cities ...... 47 Teacher Information 1: Interview Questions and Answers ...... 48 2: Image Descriptions ...... 49 Answer Keys 1: Song Dynasty Timeline and Flowchart ...... 51 2: Questions about Wang Anshi ...... 53

Lesson Two: THE YUAN DYNASTY, 1279 TO 1368 ...... 55 Handouts 1A: The Mongol Empire ...... 66 1B: Yuan Dynasty Map and Timeline ...... 71 2: Yuan Dynasty Image Worksheet ...... 73

CHINESE DYNASTIES PART TWO iii table of contents

3: Readers’ Theater ...... 75 4A: Yuan Drama ...... 81 4B: The Soul of Qian Nü Leaves her Body (Excerpt) ...... 83 4C: Creating a Yuan-style Drama ...... 89 5A: The Rise of Khubilai Khan and His Struggle for Legitimacy . . .90 5B: Great Khan of the Mongols and Emperor of China ...... 92 5C: Yuan Society and Culture ...... 94 5D: Marco Polo ...... 96 5E: Problems during Khubilai Khan’s Reign ...... 98 6: Notes on Yuan Dramas ...... 100 Transparencies 1: Questions about Readers’ Theater ...... 101 2: Yuan Drama Quiz ...... 102 Teacher Information: Image Descriptions and Discussion Guide ...... 103 Answer Keys 1: Yuan Dynasty Map and Timeline ...... 106 2: Yuan Drama Quiz ...... 108

Lesson Three: THE MING DYNASTY, 1368 TO 1644 ...... 109 Handouts 1: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644 ...... 119 2: Scavenger Hunt Worksheet ...... 121 3A: Emperors and Eunuchs ...... 122 3B: Ming Government ...... 126 3C: Foreign Relations ...... 130 3D: Religions and Philosophies ...... 134 3E: Economy ...... 138 3F: Art and Literature ...... 142 4A: Group A Activity (Emperors and Eunuchs) ...... 145 4B: Group B Activity (Ming Government) ...... 146 4C: Group C Activity (Foreign Relations) ...... 149 4D: Group D Activity (Religions and Philosophies) ...... 150 4E: Group E Activity (Economy) ...... 151 4F: Group F Activity (Art and Literature) ...... 154 5: The End of the Ming Dynasty ...... 158 Maps 1: Map of the Ming Dynasty ...... 159 2: Map of China and Vicinity ...... 160 Teacher Information: Image Descriptions ...... 161 Answer Key: Scavenger Hunt Worksheet ...... 163

Lesson Four: THE QING DYNASTY, 1644 TO 1911 ...... 165 Handouts 1A: The Manchus ...... 174 1B: The Fall of the Ming and Rise of the Qing ...... 176 1C: Ming Loyalists and Anti-Qing Contenders ...... 178 2A: The Reigns of Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong ...... 180 iv © SPICE table of contents

2B: Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism ...... 182 2C: Art and Literature ...... 185 3A: The Taiping Rebellion ...... 187 3B: The Nian and Muslim Rebellions ...... 190 3C: The Boxer Rebellion ...... 193 4A: Foreign Trade ...... 196 4B: The First Opium War ...... 199 4C: The Second Opium War ...... 203 5A: Chinese Migration ...... 206 5B: 19th Century Reforms ...... 208 5C: The End of the Qing Dynasty ...... 211 6: Puzzle Instructions ...... 215 7: Puppet Show Instructions ...... 216 8: Puppet Show Worksheet ...... 218 9: Puppet Show Review ...... 219 10A: Qing Dynasty Quiz ...... 220 10B: Qing Dynasty Answer Sheet ...... 222 Maps 1: Map of the Qing Dynasty ...... 223 2: Map of China and Vicinity ...... 224 Teacher Information: Resource Item Matrix ...... 225 Answer Keys 1: Qing Dynasty Dates ...... 234 2: Qing Dynasty Quiz ...... 243 Number Cards ...... 246

APPENDICES ...... 247 Pinyin Pronunciation Guide ...... 248 List of Key Dates ...... 250 Glossary ...... 253 Image and Resource Item Acknowledgments ...... 266 Endnotes ...... 268 Bibliography ...... 282

CHINESE DYNASTIES PART TWO v