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Combate Al Crimen Organizado Cuadro 99 Combate al crimen organizado Cuadro 99. Gobierno Federal. Aseguramientos de drogas. Comparativo tres gobiernos Precursores de Cocaína Marihuana Heroína1 Metanfetamina Presidentes Años Metanfetamina (Tns) (Tns) (Kgs) (Kgs) (Kg) Ernesto Zedillo 1994-1997 65.09 2,244.13 314.99 685 13,266.6 Vicente Fox 2000-2003 56.78 3,989.05 445.72 1,095.47 3,166.29 Felipe Calderón 2006-2009 78.37 4,390.57 445.05 1,324.49 43,344.75 Fuente: Gobierno Federal, Resultados de la política mexicana contra la delincuencia organizada. Los periodos abarcan del 1° de diciembre de 1994, 2000 y 2006 al 30 de abril de 1997, 2003 y 2009. 1 Las cifras de Heroína corresponden del 1° de diciembre de 1994, 2000 y 2006 al 31 de mayo de 1996, 2002 y 2008 respectivamente, tomadas de Sergio Aguayo Quezada,México Todo en Cifras, México 2008, p. 204. Cuadro 100. Estimación del valor de la droga asegurada en los primeros 2 años y 5 meses de gobierno de Felipe Calderón Precio de la droga Valor de la droga Droga decomisada Decomisadas (kgs) por Kg decomisada(us$) Cocaína 78,377.86 $12,500 $979,723,250 Marihuana 4,390,571.10 $80 $351,245,688 Heroína 32,900 $35,000 $1,151,500,000 Total us$2,482,468,938 Cuadro 101. Valor de decomisos de drogas y dinero en los primeros 2 años y 5 meses de gobierno de Felipe Calderón Concepto Valor us$ Droga decomisada 2,482,468,938 Dinero decomisado 334,765,056 Total decomisado 2,817,233,994 Fuente de los cuadros 100 y 101: Gobierno Federal, Resultados de la política mexicana contra la delincuencia organizada. El periodo abarca del 1° de diciembre de 2006 al 30 de abril de 2009. Cuadro 102. Gobierno federal. Aseguramientos de armamentos, vehículos terrestres, marítimos y aeronaves. Comparativo tres gobiernos Armas Armas Vehículos Vehículos Vehículos Presidentes Años Municiones Granadas cortas largas terrestres marítimos1 aéreos Ernesto Zedillo 1994-1997 16,858 10,938 1,575,246 123 9,669 136 79 Vicente Fox 2000-2003 12,417 7,375 1,076,343 62 8,658 163 88 Felipe Calderón 2006-2009 17,096 21,308 4,949,249 3,009 17,615 130 377 Fuente: Gobierno Federal, Resultados de la política mexicana contra la delincuencia organizada. Los periodos abarcan del 1° de diciembre de 1994, 2000 y 2006 al 30 de abril de 1997, 2003 y 2009. 1 Las cifras de Vehículos marítimos corresponden del 1° de diciembre de 1994, 2000 y 2006 al 31 de mayo de 1996, 2002 y 2008 respectivamente, tomadas de México Todo en Cifras, op. cit., p. 205. 359 Combate al Crimen Organizado 360 Atlas de la seguridad y la defensa de México 2009 Cuadro 103. Estimación sobre el impacto de los decomisos en el flujo de armas ilegales en los primeros 18 meses de gobierno de Fox y Calderón Armas Presidentes Años Armas ilegales Total % Total % decomisadas Vicente Fox 2000-2002 4,380,000 100% 29,360 0.67% Felipe Calderón 2006-2008 730,000 100% 10,232 1.4% Fuente: pgr, 31 de mayo 2008, tomado de México Todo en Cifras, op. cit., p. 210. Cuadro 104. Gobierno federal. Aseguramiento de dinero. Comparativo tres gobiernos Moneda Presidentes Años Dólares Nacional Ernesto Zedillo 1994-1997 8,298,183 1,784,801 Vicente Fox 2000-2003 14,318,255 31,637,966 Felipe Calderón 2006-2009 174,480,559 334,765,056 Fuente: Gobierno Federal, Resultados de la política mexicana contra la delincuencia organizada. Los periodos abarcan del 1° de diciembre de 1994, 2000 y 2006 al 30 de abril de 1997, 2003 y 2009. El Gobierno Federal no establece el tipo de cambio bajo el cual hizo la conversión de dólares a moneda nacional. Cuadro 105. Gobierno Federal. Detenidos por delitos contra la salud. Comparativo tres gobiernos Presidentes Años Nacionales1 Extranjeros2 Ernesto Zedillo 1994-1997 41,617 427 Vicente Fox 2000-2003 35,678 688 Felipe Calderón 2006-2009 66,621 365 1 Los periodos abarcan del 1° de diciembre de 1994, 2000 y 2006 al 30 de abril de 1997, 2003 y 2009. Fuente: Gobierno Federal, Resultados de la política mexicana contra la delincuencia organizada. 2 Los períodos abarcan del 1 de diciembre de 1994, 2000 y 2006 al 31 de mayo de 1996, 2002 y 2008 respectivamente. Fuente: pgr, 31 de mayo 2008, tomado de México Todo en Cifras, op. cit., p. 204. Cuadro 106. Extradiciones en los primeros 2 años del gobierno de Felipe Calderón Estados Unidos Panamá El Salvador Países Bajos Italia Francia Perú Total 184 1 1 1 2 1 1 192 Fuente: Elaboración propia con información de la pgr, diciembre de 2006 a diciembre de 2008. Cuadro 107. Efectivos Militares en Operaciones Conjuntas. 2006-2007 Operativo Efectivos Desplegados Sierra Madre 3,954 Nuevo León-Tamaulipas 2,035 Guerrero 1,999 Michoacán 1,420 Tijuana 362 Fuente: Tomado de Sergio Aguayo Quezada, El Almanaque Mexicano 2008, Aguilar, México, 2007-2008, p. 174 Cuadro 108. Gasto diario de la Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional en la lucha contra el narcotráfico. 2009 Elementos militares desplegados diario para el combate al narcotráfico 45,000 Gasto diario por elemento del ejército $672 Gasto diario total $30, 240,000 Gasto anual $11,037,600,000 Porcentaje del presupuesto total de la sedena 25% Fuente: Datos de la sedena, tomados del periódico Reforma, 24 de mayo de 2009, p. 4. Cifras en pesos corrientes. Cuadro 109. Resultados diarios de la Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional en la lucha contra el narcotráfico. 2009 Mariguana asegurada 4.7 toneladas Cocaína 28 kilos Goma de opio ½ kilo Heroína 400 gramos Cuadro 110. Efectivos del Ejército mexicano en la lucha contra el narcotráfico. 2009 Porcentaje del total de efectivos en el combate al narcotráfico 22 % Presuntos narcotraficantes capturados 11,125 Soldados necesarios para la captura de los presuntos narcotraficantes 4 Fuente: Datos de la sedena, tomados del periódico Reforma, 24 de mayo de 2009, p. 4. 361 Combate al Crimen Organizado 362 Atlas de la seguridad y la defensa de México 2009 Cuadro 111. Los principales cárteles. 2007-2009 Centro de Cártel Estructura organizativa Operación La estructura criminal más poderosa: Es dirigida por Joaquín Guzmán Loera (a) “El Chapo Guzmán”. Sus principales jefes son Ismael Zam- bada García (a) “El Mayo Zambada”; Juan José Esparragoza Moreno Sinaloa con influencia en (a) “El Azul”; Los hermanos Marco Arturo, Mario Alberto, Héctor Sinaloa Sonora, Tamaulipas, Nuevo Alfredo y Carlos Beltrán Leyva; Edgar Valdez Villarreal (a) “La Barbie” León, Michoacán y Jalisco (ciudadano estadounidense, quien junto con los hermanos Beltran Leyva iniciaron la penetración del mercado de drogas en Nuevo León y Tamaulipas) e Ignacio Coronel Villarreal. Es la organización criminal más violenta y peligrosa del país. Formó el comando armado “Los Zetas” con ex integrantes del ejército mexi- Tamaulipas con influencia cano: Los líderes visibles son: Ezequiel Cárdenas Guillén (a) “Tony en Michoacán, Guerrero, Tormenta”; Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano (a) “El Lazca”; Eduardo Costilla Del Golfo Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche, Sánchez (a) “El Coss”; Héctor y Gregorio Sauceda Gamboa; Zeferino Yucatán y Quintana Roo Peña Cuellar (a) “Don Zefe”; Carlos Landín Martínez (a) “El Puma”, Alfonso Lam Liu (a) “El Gordo Lam”; Jesús Enrique Rejón Aguilar (a) “El Mamito”. Mexicali y Tijuana, Baja Cali- fornia y Ensenada y el Valle de Ocupa el segundo lugar en el tráfico de drogas: Es dirigida por los Arellano Mexicali. Trabajan con la fami- hermanos Eduardo y Enedina Arellano Félix en la parte financiera y por Félix lia Zarín que tiene su centro Manuel Aguirre Galindo (a) “El Caballo” en la operación. de operaciones en Mazatlán, la Noria, y Culiacán, Sinaloa Actualmente Vicente Carrillo Fuentes y su hijo Vicente Carrillo Leyva dirigen este cártel. Otros integrantes de la organización son Eduardo Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua con Carrillo González Quirarte, quien opera para el grupo criminal desde Guada- influencia en Guadalajara, Ja- Fuentes lajara, Jalisco, y Clemente Soto Peña, quien representa a la organiza- lisco, y Cancún, Quintana Roo ción en Cancún, Quintana Roo. El principal centro de operación de la estructura se localiza en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. Esta organización salió a la luz pública por tráfico de metanfetaminas: Amezcua Colima, Colima Según fuentes oficiales continúan operando bajo las órdenes de Jaime Contreras Arturo Ladino Ávila Organización encabezada por los hermanos Eugenio Jesús Díaz Pa- Díaz rada (a) “Don Chuy” y Domingo Aniceto Díaz Parada (a) “Don Cheto”. Parada Otros integrantes son Ignacio Luna Toledo y Apolinar Albarras Salazar. Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán. Influencia en Guanajuato y El líder de la organización es Rafael Cedeño Hernández (a) “El Cede”, Guerrero. Presencia en Lázaro detenido el 18 de abril de 2009. Su principal lugarteniente es Nazario Cárdenas, Arteaga, La Mira, y Moreno González (a) “El Chayo” y/o “El más loco” y/o “El Doctor” Familia Guacamayas, Salamanca, en Dentro de la estructura criminal se encuentran tres coordinadores, Michoacana Michoacán, y Teniente José Enrique Plancarte (a) “Kike” y/o “La Chiva”; Servando Gómez Martínez Azueta, La Unión, Coahuayutla (a) “La Tuta” y Arnaldo Rueda Medina (a) “La Minsa”, detenido en julio Petacalco y Altamirano en de 2009 en Michoacán. Guerrero. Fuente: Secretaría de Seguridad Pública, 19 de abril de 2007, tomado de México Todo en Cifras, op. cit., p. 207; Periódico Reforma, con información proporcionada por el Comisionado de la Policía Federal Rodrigo Esparza Cristerna, 20 de abril 2009 y Secretaría de Seguridad Pública, con información publicada en El Universal, http://eluniversal.com.mx/graficos/pdf09/mexico120709.pdf. Mapa 10. Áreas de influencia de los cuatro principales cárteles en México. 2009 Combate al Crimen Organizado Crimen al Combate Cártel Áreas de influencia Del Golfo Juárez Sinaloa Tijuana 363 Fuente: Elaboración propia con base en el periódico Milenio, 28 de febrero de 2009, p.24.
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