Improving wastewater management using free nitrous acid (FNA) Haoran Duana,b, Shuhong Gaoc, Xuan Lia, Nur Hafizah Ab Hamidb, Guangming Jiangd, Min Zhenga, Xue Baia, Philip L. Bonda, Xuanyu Lua,b, Mariella M. Chisletta, Shihu Hua, Liu Yeb, Zhiguo Yuana,* aAdvanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia bSchool of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia cInstitute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States. dSchool of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia *Corresponding author: Tel.: +61 7 3365 4726; fax: +61 7 3365 4726; E-mail address:
[email protected] (Z. Yuan). 1 Table of content Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 4 2. Inhibitory and biocidal effects of FNA............................................................................... 6 2.1 The chemical property of FNA ................................................................................... 6 2.2 Inhibitory and biocidal effects of FNA on microbes ................................................... 6 2.3 Proposed inhibitory and bactericidal mechanisms of FNA on microbes .................