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6 X 10 Long.P65 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-68605-1 - China since Tiananmen: From Deng Xiaoping to Hu Jintao Joseph Fewsmith Index More information Index 1898 Reform Movement, 91, 101, 102 Chen Daixi (Yi Ren), 40 1911 Revolution, 60, 92, 101 Chen Duxiu, 134, 187 Chen Guidi, 233 Academy of Chinese Culture, 8 Chen Haosu, 93 agriculture Chen Liangyu, 240, 271, 277, 279, 281 2006 policy, 268–9 Chen Xitong farming population, 17, 236 career, 25, 74 peasants, 154–5, 232–3, 236, 273 corruption, 172–3, 271 seizure of land, 244 downfall, 208, 272 Allbright, Madeline, 217 hardliner, 24, 51 Asian values, 148–52 ideological debate, 77 Australia, 2 Jiang and, 203 Mayor of Beijing, 93, 172 Bao Zunxin, 8 relations with Deng, 51, 77 Barshefsky, Charlene, 217 successors, 195 Bei Dao, 260 on Tiananmen, 31 ‘Beijing Consensus’, 259–60 Chen Yi, Marshal, 93 Beijing Spring, 201, 204–8 Chen Yinke, 135 Beijing University, 15, 207–8, 260 Chen Yuan, 54, 93–5, 110, 112, 113, 140, 166 Beijing Young Economists Association, 93 Chen Yun Berger, Samuel, 217 career, 26, 54–5, 74 Bo Xicheng, 93 conservative critique, 11, 22n1, 35–6, 38, 48–9, Bo Xilai, 282 59, 61, 63, 94 Bo Yibo, 61, 69, 76, 93, 201, 279, 282 death, 168, 198, 272 Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, 222 ideological debate, 65, 69, 265 Boxer Rebellion, 262 power, 24, 165, 278 Brazil, 143 relations with Jiang Zemin, 76 Brezhnev, Leonid, 191 state planning, 88 Buchanan, James, 89 Tiananmen and, 34 Bush, George H., 213 Chen Zhili, 27 Bush, George W., 2, 119, 149 Chen Ziming, 26 Cheng Nien (Zheng Nian), 126 Cai Yuanpei, 134 Cheng Weigao, 50–1 Cao Gangchuan, 250, 282 Chiang Kai-shek, 193 Cao Jinqing, 233 China Can Say No, 159–62, 166, 225 Cao Siyuan, 193 China Democracy Party, 214 Central Advisory Commission, 61, 65, 74, 76 Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 43, 77 Central Military Commission, 63–4, 241, 250, Chinese Communist Party 254–5, 277, 281 3rd Plenum (2003), 243–4, 251–4, 258, 265, Central Work Conference (1980), 38 275 Chang Jung (Zhang Rong), 126 4th Plenum (1994), 168–71 325 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-68605-1 - China since Tiananmen: From Deng Xiaoping to Hu Jintao Joseph Fewsmith Index More information 326 Index Chinese Communist Party (cont.) corruption 4th Plenum (2004), 255, 255–8 Chen Xitong, 172–3, 271 5th Plenum (1996), 183–4 Cheng Weigao, 50 5th Plenum (2005), 251, 268 fight against, 171–4, 257, 258, 270 6th Plenum (1996), 188–9 growth, 121 6th Plenum (2006), 271 Jiang and, 271, 277 12th Congress (1982), 38 political use, 277 13th Congress (1987), 23, 28n, 29, 31, 40, 64, reform and, 167, 274 179, 200 scale, 16–17 14th Congress (1992), 14, 64, 70, 71–7, 79, 135, scandals, 271, 277, 279 175, 177, 199, 267, 278 SOEs, 262–4 15th Congress (1997), 137, 185, 198–203, 205, cosmopolitanism, 7, 16, 91, 103, 107, 108, 109, 210, 242, 279 123, 136 16th Congress (2002), 231, 238–45, 243, 251, Cox, Christopher, 215 255, 271 critical legal studies, 130 17th Congress (2007), 238, 269, 278–84 Cuba, 3 39 Points, 38 Cui Zhiyuan, 129–31, 132, 133, 138, 140, 152, 166, Beijing University and, 208 222 constitution, 4, 282 cultural fever, 8, 11, 106–7, 108 core, 22–3, 169, 196, 278 Cultural Revolution, 4, 7, 25, 45, 91, 122, 129–30, governance, 256–7 153, 155–6, 159 Guiding Rules on Inner Party Life, 4 culture inner-party democracy, 171, 256, 257, 284 1980s debates, 91 legitimacy, 5, 111, 139 Chinese tradition, 136 May Fourth and, 134, 192 colonial culture, 128 PBSC 1992 members, 73 commercialization, 13, 116–17, 120 PBSC 1997 members, 202 consumerism, 114–15, 116 PBSC 2002 members, 241 cultural imperialism, 106, 151, 226–7 PBSC 2007 members, 280 cultural liberalism, rejection, 106–9 PBSC retirement age, 279 cultural nationalism, 90, 150 private entrepreneurs as members, 193, 273 elite, 115, 120, 155 role, 1–2, 87 harmony, 90 Secretariat 1992, 73 Westernization, 105, 108–9, 138–9 Secretariat 1997, 202 Secretariat 2002, 241 Dai Yuanchen, 92 Secretariat 2007, 281 decentralization, 43–5, 86, 94, 96 Seeking Truth, 226–7 deconstructionism, 125 third generation, 168–71, 278 democracy Christianity, 120 activists, 118–19, 166, 219 Christopher, Warren, 149, 191 Beijing Spring, 204 Chun Tao, 233 democracy wall movement, 110 Ci Xi, Empress, 102 democratic centralism, 196 Clinton, Bill, 15, 148, 149, 191, 213, 214–15, 217–18 direct democracy, 138 Coase, Ronald, 89 economic and cultural, 129, 130, 131, 138 collective leadership, 4, 54 elite democracy, 11, 85 colonialism, 103, 104, 125, 127, 128, 151–2, 226 globalization and, 129 colour revolutions, 260 inner-party democracy, 171, 256, 257, 284 Columbus, Christopher, 135 Jiang and, 201 commercialism, 114–15, 116 liberal democracy, 124, 141 Communist Manifesto, 83 neoauthoritarianism and, 85–7, 97, 98 Communist Youth League, 238, 278 political debate, 185 Confucian capitalism, 121, 149–50 post-Tiananmen expectations, 7 Confucianism, 13, 91, 101, 121, 127, 192, 193, Russia, 114 250 social democracy, 130 consumerism, 114–15, 116 socialist democracy, 256, 271, 283–4 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-68605-1 - China since Tiananmen: From Deng Xiaoping to Hu Jintao Joseph Fewsmith Index More information Index 327 United States and, 149 documentary politics, 60, 70 Wang Xiaodong, 226 Duan Ruofei, 55 Deng Lin, 254 Deng Liqun Eagleburger, Lawrence, 46 allies, 188 East Asian development model, 87, 95, 96 career, 77 economic reform. See reform foreign investment, 185 Economic Work Conference (1990), 44–5 leftism, 23, 55, 61, 63, 65, 71, 88, 124, 175, 176 education, 237 reform and, 72 elitism, 100, 108, 109 Deng Nan, 49, 142 embassy bombing, 16, 167, 197, 217, 218–21, Deng Xiaoping 224–7, 274 1980s reforms, 103, 171 enclosure movement, 178 allies, 172, 196 Engels, Friedrich, 182 choice of new leadership, 24–5 English Revolution, 92 collective leadership and, 4 Enlightenment critics, 35–6, 109, 154, 156 1980s project, 123 death, 193, 198, 272 challenge, 113–39 devolution of power, 183 Chinese Enlightenment, 8–11 end of career, 63–4 contemporary Chinese liberalism, 131–9 Hu Jintao and, 239, 277, 278 critique of May Fourth project, 124–31 ideology, 111, 175, 177, 186, 193, 267, 283 May Fourth tradition, 8, 11, 121–3, 134 illness, 168, 169 rejection, 88, 107–9 intellectuals and, 7, 114 Western thought, 123, 124 June 4 incident, 205 Enterprise Law, 51 legacy, 200, 267, 272 monetary policies, 114 Fang Jue, 204 neostatism and, 142 Fang Li, 227 new authoritarianism, 71, 85 Fang Lizhi, 35, 47, 214 Party status, 23, 36, 171 Fang Ning, 161, 225, 226 post-Tiananmen period, 23–47 Fang Sheng, 65 power, 165, 203 Fang Weizhong, 77 principles, 28–9 Fay, Michael, 150 regional policy, 147 Feng Baoxing, 193–4 relations with Jiang Zemin, 76, 168, 174–5, Fernandes, George, 249 199–200, 206 feudal lord economy, 92 revival of reform, 48–79, 88, 109, 114, feudalism, 97, 107, 111, 122, 123 172 five-year plans rule of law, 243 seventh, 143, 145 southern tour, 14, 17, 62–3, 65, 71, 72, 74, eighth, 43–5, 53 109, 145, 153, 165, 168, 176, 178, 200, 206, ninth, 183 267 eleventh, 268–9 strategy, 35–7, 45, 165 foreign investment, 179–81 succession, 3, 239, 254, 278, 282 Foucault, Michel, 125 Tiananmen and, 35, 241 four small dragons, 63, 86, 121 Deng Zhifang, 172 France, 96, 143 developing countries, 151 French Revolution, 92 development Friedman, Milton, 95 centrality, 239 Fukuyama, Francis, 148, 149 East Asian model, 87, 95, 96 four small dragons, 63, 86, 121 gambling, 262 social stability and, 237–8 Gan Yang, 107, 222 Ding Guan’gen, 30, 77, 174, 207, 220 Gang of Four, 33, 76 Ding, X. L., 8 Gang Yang, 8 Ding Xueliang, 88 Gao Di, 60, 66, 71, 76, 175 diplomacy, 2, 209–10 Gao Shangquan, 266 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-68605-1 - China since Tiananmen: From Deng Xiaoping to Hu Jintao Joseph Fewsmith Index More information 328 Index Ge Yang, 26 “people-centred” society, 252, 253, 255, 268, Georgia, 258 270, 283 Germany, 104–5, 154 populism, 276 globalization repression, 258–62, 275 democracy and, 129 SARS, 245–8 effect on China, 124 scientific development, 252, 253, 268, 279, 282, intellectual support, 135–6 283 opposition, 9, 15–16 social justice, 267–9, 271, 275 political globalization, 259 social stability concerns, 238 WTO and, 222–4 socialist democracy, 256, 271, 283–4 Goldman, Merle, 11 state capacity, 6, 255–6 Gong Xiantian, 265–6 succession, 278, 281 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 31, 52, 56, 61, 177, Three Represents, 243, 247, 248–51, 253, 270, 191 277, 283 Great Leap Forward, 78, 122, 154, 155, 159 transfer of power to, 6, 16, 239–45, 277, Greenspan, Alan, 215 278 Gromyko, Andrei, 206 Hu Jiwei, 71, 133, 205 Gu Chujun, 262 Hu Qiaomu, 88, 124, 168, 198 Gu Mu, 157 Hu Qili, 24, 29, 30, 74, 84 Guerra, Alfonso, 35 Hu Shi, 134, 135 Gulf War (1991), 56–7, 161 Hu Weixi, 159 Guo Boxiong, 250–1 Hu Yaobang 1980s reformist, 11, 26 Han Deqiang, 262, 263 Deng succession and, 3, 239 harmonious society, 253, 256, 269–71, 275, 282, downfall, 24, 28, 35, 40, 76, 85, 171, 187 283 Hu Jintao and, 74 harmony, 90 intellectual allies, 192 Hayek, Friedrich von, 110 new authoritarianism and, 84 He Dongchang, 77 spiritual civilization, 189 He Guoqiang, 281 Hua Guofeng, 1, 3, 23, 200, 206, 239 He Jingzhi, 175 Huang Ju, 169–70, 240, 271, 281 He Minxu, 270 Huangfu Ping commentaries, 49, 55, 56, 58, He Qinglian, 178, 182 61 He Xin, 102, 103–6, 108, 113, 140, 152, 166 human rights, 105, 149, 150, 160, 217 health care reform, 273 Human Rights Commission, 160, 225 Holocaust, 127 humanism, 120, 127 Hong Kong,
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