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First Record of the Invasive Tingid Species Corythauma Ayyari (Drake, 1933) in the Iberian Peninsula (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae)

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First Record of the Invasive Tingid Species Corythauma Ayyari (Drake, 1933) in the Iberian Peninsula (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural, 78: 119-123. 2014 ISSN 2013-3987 (online edition): ISSN: 1133-6889 (print edition)119 GEA, FLORA ET fauna GEA, FLORA ET FAUNA First record of the invasive tingid species Corythauma ayyari (Drake, 1933) in the Iberian Peninsula (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) Marcos Roca-Cusachs* & Marta Goula** * Departament de Biologia Animal. Facultat de Biologia. Universitat de Barcelona (UB). Avda. Diagonal, 643. 08028 Barcelona. A/e: marcosrocacusachs@ gmail.com ** Departament de Biologia Animal and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio). Facultat de Biologia. Universitat de Barcelona (UB). Avda. Diagonal, 643. 08028 Barcelona. A/e: [email protected] Corresponding author: Marcos Roca-Cusachs. A/e: [email protected] Rebut: 18.11.2014; Acceptat: 03.12.2014; Publicat: 29.12.2014 Abstract Corythauma ayyari (Drake, 1933) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) is reported for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula. Four specimens were collected in Puigmoltó (Sant Pere de Ribes, Barcelona, Spain), 45 km southwest of Barcelona city. This Oriental invasive species may become pest causing necrosis on the leaves of its host plant species, usually ornamental plants, among which jasmine (Jasminum sp.) is the most common. Key words: invasive species, allochtonous species, lace bug, jasmin, pest, Tingidae, Hemiptera, Heteroptera. Resum Primera cita per l’espècie invasora Corythauma ayyari (Drake, 1933) a la península Ibèrica (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) Corythauma ayyari (Drake, 1933) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) ha estat trobat per primer cop a la península Ibèrica. Es van recol·lectar quatre individus a la localitat de Puigmoltó (Sant Pere de Ribes, Barcelona) a 45 km al sudoest de la ciutat de Barcelona. Aquesta espècie invasora oriental pot convertir-se en plaga, ocasionant necrosis a les fulles. Amb freqüencia les seves plantes hostes són plantes ornamen- tals, entre les quals el gessamí (Jasminum sp.) és la més comuna. Paraules clau: Espècie invasora, espècie aŀlòctona, tigre del gesamí, gesamí, plaga, Tingidae, Hemiptera, Heteroptera. Introduction (Coreidae) (Ribes & Escolà, 2005), the plant bugs Deraeo- coris flavilinea (A. Costa, 1862) (Miridae) (Gessé. 2011) and The history of species introductions in Europe is not new, Fulvius borgesi Chérot, J. Ribes & Gorczyca 2006 (Miridae) though the phenomenon has grown faster in the last centu- (Chérot & Pagola-Carte, 2012), the plane tree bug Arocatus ry as a result of increasing globalization, climate change, longiceps Stål, 1872 (Lygaeidae) (Ribes & Pagola-Carte, the worldwide exchange of goods and tourists affecting the 2008), the sycamore seed bug Belonochilus numenius Say, abundance and dispersion of invasive allochthonous species 1832 (Lygaeidae) (Gessé et al., 2009), the dirt-colored seed and the vulnerability of ecosystems to invasions. Often refer- bug Tempyra biguttula Stål (Lygaeidae) (Baena & Torres, red to as «aliens» these invasive allochtonous species may 2012), 1874 (Baena & Torres, 2012), the leafhopper assas- have significant environmental, economic and public health sin bug Zelus renardii Kolenati, 1856 (Reduviidae) (Vivas, impact as they represent a significant risk for the wholesale 2012), and the andromeda lace bug Stephanitis takeyai (Dra- homogenization of ecosystems (Genovesi & Shine, 2004). ke & Maa, 1955) (Tingidae) (Pérez-Otero & Mansilla, 2012). About 50 % of recently invading species belong to the He- Taxonomic composition of the allochtonous Heteroptera miptera order. Among true bugs (suborder Heteroptera), from of Europe is mainly built up by Miridae (17 species, 40 %), 2005 onwards the alien species reported in the Iberian Penin- Tingidae (9 species, 21 %), and Anthocoridae (5 species, sula are as follows: the broad-headed bug Heegeria tangirica 12 %), all of which are overrepresented compared to the nati- Saunders, 1877 (Alydiidae) (Burger, 2011), the Western co- ve European Heteroptera fauna. More than half of the species nifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 are phytophagous (24 species, 57 %) and the advantage of Butlletí ICHN 78, 2014 120 M. ROCA-CUSACHS & M. GOULA GEA, FLORA ET FAUNA trophic specialization in invasion success was discussed by Rabitsch (2008). The main objective of the present work is to report the first Iberian collection of the jasmine lace bug Corythauma ayya- ri (Drake, 1933). In addition, we summarize its biology and current distribution in the Mediterranean Basin, and aim at facilitating its identification by means of a short description including pictures, and emendations to the identification key of Euromediterranean Tingidae (Péricart, 1983) to include genus Corythauma Drake & Poor, 1939. Description, biology and distribution of C. ayyari Corythauma ayyari is a tiny unhairy Tinginae (♀: 2.46– 2.71 mm; ♂: 2.57– 2.75 mm; Novoselsky & Freidberg 2013; our female specimens: 2.9 mm both; our male specimens: 3.1 mm both). Dorsal general coloration is whitish, with darker areas or stripes scattered on the pronotum, the scutellum and the hemelytra (Fig. 1a, b). Body is brownish, while antennae and legs are light brown colored, darker at the last antennal joint. Bucculae joint anteriorly, hiding labrum in a frontal view (Fig. 1c, d). The most catching-eye feature of C. ayyari is the almost spheric dome in the pronotum, truncate anteri- orly (Fig. 1b). Thus, head is visible from eyes forwards. Also, pronotum presents three very prominent longitudinal cari- nae. Pronotal margins show very tiny, setigerous tubercles, poorly seen even at high magnification (160x). Metasternal scent glands canals are discernible. Sexual dimorphism only concerns the apex of abdomen, as may be seen in figure 1c (female) and figure 1d (male). Left male paramer is sickle shaped with a concave interior margin (Fig. 2). Adults merge at night and are short-lived. Males live up to 10 days while females last up to 12.3 days. Mating occurs at the first day of postemergence and is followed by a 2.7 day preoviposition, 8.2 days of oviposition and 1.7 days of pos- toviposition. The eggs require incubation between 9 and 11 days (Schaefer & Panizzi, 2000). Preliminary observations suggest that this species has overlapping generations and has the potential to establish reproductive colonies in the Medi- terranean Basin (Pedata et al., 2013). Corythauma ayyari has been found in several ornamental plants, a list from different authors being compiled by Pedata et al. (2013): Althea offici- nalis (marshmallow), Daedalacanthus nervosus (blue sage), Figure 1. Habitus of Corythauma ayyari: (a) dorsal view, (b) lateral view, Hedychium sp. (cardamon), Jasminum officinalis, J. sambac (c) female in ventral view, and (d) male in ventral view. Scale: 0.1 mm. (= Jasminum pubescens) (jasmin), Lantana sp. (verbane), Musa sp. (banana), Ocimum sp. (basilicum), Trachelosper- mum sp. (star jasmine) and Volkameria inermis (= Clerodend- et al., 1996; Schaefer & Panizzi, 2000). The leaf undersides rum inerme) (wild jasmine). Although highly polyphagous, become black or dark brown and become spotted as an ef- C. ayyari is to be considered as a pest of jasmin in Southern fect of the excrements and the photosynthesis is reduced as India (Schaefer & Panizzi 2000). However, not all Jasminum a direct effect of the palisade parenchyma damage (Novo- species are infested. For example, Pedata et al. (2013) report selsky & Freidberg, 2013). This ensemble of symptoms may that Jasminum polyanthum, J. multiflorum, J. nudiflorum, J. be easily confused with those caused by other lace bugs. humile and Trachelospermum sp. were unsuccessfully pros- Manual collection of infected leaves may be a successful pected in the vicinity of the J. sambac occupied by C. ayyari. method to manage C. ayyari (Nair & Nair, 1974; Singh & Both adults and nymphs feed on sap from leaves of the host Satyanarayana, 1996). plants. The infected leaves show small yellow chlorate spots Corythauma ayyari is an Oriental tingid bug species that on the upper surface, desiccate and eventually drop (Buntin is found originally in Pakistan (Drake & Man 1964), India, Butlletí ICHN 78, 2014 FIRST RECORD OF THE CORYTHAUMA AYYARI (DRAKE, 1933) IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA 121 GEA, FLORA ET FAUNA Results and discussion Material studied 2 MM, 2 FF, 27.IX.2014 (M. Roca-Cusachs leg. et det.) and 11 MM, 13 FF on Jasminum grandiflorum 06.XII.2014 (M. Roca-Cusachs leg. et det.) Puigmoltó, Sant Pere de Ri- bes, Barcelona, Spain, +41.2484, -1.7674. The specimens have been dry mounted, four individuals have been donated to the «Centre de Recursos de Biodiversitat Animal» (CRBA Universitat de Barcelona), four to the «Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona» and 16 have been kept in the authors’ personal collections. Specimens were collected in a private 10 square meters backyard (Fig. 4). The backyard is found in Figure 2. Left male paramere of Corythauma ayyari. Scale 0.1 mm. a periurban residential area, next to natural woods and uncul- tivated lands. Cultivated species in the backyard were plan- ted around ten years ago, and belong to Vitis vinifera (grape Laos, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore (Nair & Nair, 1974; wine), Citrus sp. (lemon tree), Yuca filamentosa, Bougainvi- Guilbert, 2007). C. ayyari has recently been reported from llea sp., Gardenia ssp. and Jasminum grandiflorum. The first France (Streito et al., 2010, samples collected in Puget-sur- four individuals where found in a white wall nearby, while Argens, Var, 12 September 2009), Israel (Novoselsky & the last collections
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